1961:
1391:
2013:
differently compared to the present, and did not include thousands of rural workers on
Commonwealth-financed relief work). Inflation was also at its highest rate since the early 1950s. The government recovered slightly in the August Budget session of Parliament, proposing income tax cuts and increased spending. The Labor strategy for the run-up to the election was to sit back and allow the Coalition to make mistakes. Whitlam controversially stated in March "draft-dodging is not a crime" and that he would be open to a revaluation of the Australian dollar. With the Coalition sinking in the polls and his own personal approval ratings down as low as 28 per cent, McMahon waited as long as he could, finally calling
2835:
television commercials with the title "The Three Dark Years" showing images from
Whitlam government scandals. The ALP campaign concentrated on the issue of Whitlam's dismissal and did not address the economy until its final days. By that time Fraser was confident of victory and content to sit back, avoid specifics and make no mistakes. In the election, the Coalition won the largest majority government in Australian history, winning 91 seats to Labor's 36. Labor suffered a 6.5 per cent swing against it and its caucus was cut almost in half, suffering a 30-seat swing. Labor was left with five fewer seats than it had when Whitlam took the leadership. The Coalition also won a 37β25 majority in the Senate.
1851:
3033:
1507:, which would have expanded the powers of the federal government. Although the party was victorious, the referendum it advocated was defeated. In 1961, Whitlam said of the referendum defeat, "My hopes were dashed by the outcome and from that moment I determined to do all I could do to modernise the Australian Constitution." While still in uniform, Whitlam joined the ALP in Sydney in 1945. He was discharged from the RAAF on 17 October 1945, and continued to use Air Force log books to record all the flights he took until 2007. After the war, he obtained his Bachelor of Laws; he was admitted to the federal and New South Wales bars in 1947.
2115:" held office, Whitlam sought to fulfill those campaign promises that did not require legislation. Whitlam ordered negotiations to establish full relations with the People's Republic of China, and broke those with Taiwan. The diplomatic relations were established in 1972 and an embassy opened in Beijing in 1973. Legislation allowed the defence minister to grant exemptions from conscription. Barnard held this office, and exempted everyone. Seven men were at that time incarcerated for refusing conscription; Whitlam arranged for their liberation. The Whitlam government in its first days reopened the equal pay case pending before the
2360:(including Gair's) were at stake, the party would be likely to win a third. Possible control of the Senate was therefore at stake; Whitlam agreed to Gair's request and had Governor-General Sir Paul Hasluck appoint him ambassador to Ireland. Word leaked of Gair's pending resignation, and Whitlam's opponents attempted to counteract his manoeuvre. On what became known as the "Night of the Long Prawns", Country Party members secreted Gair at a small party in a legislative office as the ALP searched for him to secure his written resignation. As Gair enjoyed beer and prawns, Bjelke-Petersen advised the Queensland governor,
1759:. As a result, the Coalition easily defeated Labor on a 10-seat swing. Whitlam had hoped Calwell would step down after 1963, but he remained, reasoning that Evatt had been given three opportunities to win, and that he should be allowed a third try. Calwell dismissed proposals that the ALP leader and deputy leader should be entitled to membership of the party's conference (or on its governing 12-person Federal Executive, which had two representatives from each state), and instead ran successfully for one of the conference's Victoria seats. Labor did badly in a 1964 by-election in the Tasmanian
1433:
1892:
2317:
2958:
1310:
2032:", an echo of Menzies' successful 1949 slogan, "It's Time for a Change". Surveys showed that even Liberal voters approved of the Labor slogan. Whitlam pledged an end to conscription and the release of individuals who had refused the draft; an income tax surcharge to pay for universal health insurance; free dental care for students; and renovation of ageing urban infrastructure. The party pledged to eliminate university tuition fees and establish a schools commission to evaluate educational needs. The party benefited from the support of the proprietor of
3020:. On the 60th anniversary of his marriage to Margaret Whitlam, he called it "very satisfactory" and claimed a record for "matrimonial endurance". In 2010, it was reported that Whitlam had moved into an aged care facility in Sydney's inner east in 2007. Despite this, he continued to go to his office three days a week. Margaret Whitlam remained in the couple's nearby apartment. In early 2012, she suffered a fall there, leading to her death in hospital at the age of 92 on 17 March of that year, a month short of the Whitlams' 70th wedding anniversary.
67:
2005:
1267:
2073:
1997:, visited Beijing between 9β11 July (less than a week after Whitlam's visit), and, unknown to Whitlam, some of Kissinger's staff had been in Beijing at the same time as the Labor delegation. According to Whitlam biographer Jenny Hocking, the incident transformed Whitlam into an international statesman, while McMahon was seen as reacting defensively to Whitlam's foreign policy ventures. Other errors by McMahon, such as a confused ad-lib speech while visiting Washington, and a statement to Indonesia's President
2815:
2839:
1012:
741:
2447:
Opposition contended he had misled
Parliament, and a motion to censure Whitlam was defeated along party lines. The Opposition also attacked Whitlam for not allowing enough South Vietnamese refugees into Australia, with Fraser calling for the entry of 50,000. Freudenberg alleges that 1,026 Vietnamese refugees entered Australia in the final eight months of the Whitlam government, and only 399 in 1976 under Fraser. However, by 1977, Australia had accepted more than five thousand refugees.
2235:
2149:
2474:
8454:
1521:
3247:
2380:. The 1973 oil crisis had caused prices to spike and, according to government figures, inflation topped 13 per cent for over a year between 1973 and 1974. Part of the inflation was due to Whitlam's desire to increase wages and conditions of the Commonwealth Public Service as a pacesetter for the private sector. The Whitlam government had cut tariffs by 25 per cent in 1973; 1974 saw an increase in imports of 30 per cent and a $ 1.5
2590:
2576:
2340:, who was about to visit Australia, and feared ASIO might conceal or destroy them. The Opposition attacked the Government over the raid, terming Murphy a "loose cannon". A Senate investigation of the incident was cut short when Parliament was dissolved in 1974. According to journalist and author Wallace Brown, the controversy continued to dog the Whitlam government throughout its term, because the incident was "so silly".
1529:
2161:
duumvirate did its work, and on 18 December the caucus elected the
Cabinet. The results were generally acceptable to Whitlam, and within three hours, he had announced the portfolios of the Cabinet members. To give himself greater control over the Cabinet, in January 1973 Whitlam established five Cabinet committees (with the members appointed by himself, not the caucus) and took full control of the Cabinet agenda.
2040:, who preferred Whitlam over McMahon. Labor was so dominant in the campaign that some of Whitlam's advisers urged him to stop joking about McMahon; people were feeling sorry for him. The election saw the ALP increase its tally by 12 seats, mostly in suburban Sydney and Melbourne, for a majority of nine in the House of Representatives. The ALP gained little beyond the suburban belts, however, losing a seat in
2974:
2283:, with its majority in the House of Representatives cut from seven to five and its Senate seats increased by three. It was only the second time since Federation that a Labor government had been elected to a second full term. The government and the opposition each had 29 Senators with two seats held by independents. The deadlock over the twice-rejected bills was broken, uniquely in Australian history, with a
1624:
2633:, was forced to resign when Khemlani released documents showing that Connor had made misleading statements. The continuing scandal bolstered the Coalition in their stance that they would not concede supply. Whitlam, convinced that he would win the battle, was glad of the distraction from the Loans Affair, and believed he would "smash" not only the Senate, but Fraser's leadership.
2096:, that he was no longer in a position to govern. Soon afterward, Whitlam advised Hasluck that he could form a government with his new majority. This was in accordance with longstanding Australian constitutional practice. Convention also held that McMahon would stay on as caretaker prime minister until the full results were in. However, Whitlam was unwilling to wait that long. On 5
1825:
considered
Whitlam's remark disastrous, disputing the party line just five days before the election. The ALP suffered a crushing defeat; the party was reduced to 41 seats in the House of Representatives. Shortly after the election, Whitlam faced another expulsion vote for his stance on Vietnam, and survived. True to his word, Calwell resigned two months after the election. At the
1694:
goals which were possible and worthwhile in the constitutional framework. Many Labor goals, such as nationalisation, ran contrary to the
Constitution. Whitlam came to believe the Constitution – and especially Section 96 (which allowed the federal government to make grants to the states) – could be used to advance a worthwhile Labor programme.
972:, returning them to the House of Representatives with a demand that the government go to an election. Whitlam argued that his government, which held a clear majority in the House of Representatives, was being held to ransom by the Senate. The crisis ended in mid-November, when governor-general Sir John Kerr dismissed him from office and commissioned the opposition leader,
2180:, which set a goal to leave no urban home unsewered. The Whitlam government gave grants directly to local government units for urban renewal, flood prevention, and the promotion of tourism. Other federal grants financed highways linking the state capitals, and paid for standard-gauge rail lines between the states. The government attempted to set up a new city at
2556:. In interviews, Field made it clear he would not support Whitlam. Field was expelled from the ALP for standing against Colston, and Labor senators boycotted his swearing-in. Whitlam argued that, because of the manner of filling vacancies, the Senate was "corrupted" and "tainted", with the Opposition enjoying a majority they did not win at the ballot box.
2831:, Sydney, 30,000 people gathered for an ALP rally below a banner: "Shame Fraser Shame". Fraser's appearances drew protests, and a letter bomb sent to Kerr was defused by authorities. Instead of making a policy speech to keynote his campaign, Whitlam made a speech attacking his opponents and calling 11 November "a day which will live in infamy".
2422:
seats in the next half-Senate election but, if Murphy's seat were also contested, Labor was unlikely to win four out of six. Thus, a Murphy appointment meant the almost certain loss of a seat in the closely divided Senate at the next election. Whitlam appointed Murphy anyway. By convention, senators appointed by the state legislature to fill
2140:
government, despite almost a quarter-century in opposition. However, Freudenberg noted that the rapid pace and public excitement caused by the duumvirate's actions caused the
Opposition to be wary of giving Labor too easy a time, and gave rise to one post-mortem assessment of the Whitlam government: "We did too much too soon."
1953:
government. Although the
Coalition was returned for an eighth term in government, it was with a slim majority of three seats, down from 19 prior to the election. Labor actually won a bare majority of the two-party vote and only DLP preferences, especially in Melbourne-area seats, kept Whitlam from becoming prime minister. The
1867:
branch of the party had long been a problem; its executive was far to the left of the rest of the ALP, and had little electoral success. Whitlam was able to reconstruct the
Victoria party organisation against the will of its leaders, and the reconstituted state party proved essential to victory in the 1972 election.
1341:, and Whitlam senior's involvement in human rights issues was a powerful influence on his son. Since his maternal grandfather was also named Edward, from early childhood he was called by his middle name, Gough, which had come from his paternal grandfather who had been named after the British soldier Field-Marshal
1883:, which called for Parliament to receive "such plenary powers as are necessary and desirable" to achieve the ALP's goals in domestic and international affairs. Labor also pledged to abolish the Senate; this goal was not erased from the party platform until 1979, after Whitlam had stepped down as leader.
2255:, sought to block government legislation only when the obstruction would advance the Opposition's agenda. The Whitlam government also had troubles in relations with the states. New South Wales refused the government's request to close the Rhodesian Information Centre in Sydney. The Queensland premier,
1858:
Whitlam believed the Labor Party had little chance of being elected unless it could expand its appeal from the traditional working-class base to include the suburban middle class. He sought to shift control of the ALP from union officials to the parliamentary party, and hoped even rank-and-file party
2934:
Sir John Kerr died in 1991. He and
Whitlam never reconciled; indeed, Whitlam always saw his dismissal from office as a "constitutional coup d'Γ©tat". Whitlam and Fraser became friends during the 1980s, though they never discussed the events of 1975. The two subsequently campaigned together in support
2723:
to proclaim the dissolution from the front steps. A large, angry crowd had gathered, and Smith was nearly drowned out by their noise. He concluded by taking the unilateral step of re-instating the traditional ending for a royal proclamation "God save the Queen", a practice the Whitlam government had
2604:
In October 1975, the Opposition, led by Malcolm Fraser, determined to withhold supply by deferring consideration of appropriation bills. With Field on leave (his Senate appointment having been challenged), the Coalition had an effective majority of 30β29 in the Senate. The Coalition believed that if
1870:
By the time of the 1969 party conference, Whitlam had gained considerable control over the ALP. That conference passed 61 resolutions, including broad changes to party policy and procedures. It called for the establishment of an Australian Schools Commission to consider the proper level of state aid
2992:
Whitlam supported fixed four-year terms for both houses of Parliament. In 2006, he accused the ALP of failing to press for this change. In April 2007, he and Margaret Whitlam were both made life members of the Australian Labor Party. This was the first time anyone had been made a life member of the
2728:
Well may we say "God save the Queen", because nothing will save the Governor-General! The Proclamation which you have just heard read by the Governor-General's Official Secretary was countersigned Malcolm Fraser, who will undoubtedly go down in Australian history from Remembrance Day 1975 as Kerr's
2687:
pm. Unknown to Whitlam, Fraser was waiting in an ante-room; Whitlam later said he would not have set foot in the building if he had known Fraser was there. Whitlam, as he had told Kerr by phone earlier that day, came prepared to advise a half-Senate election, to be held on 13 December. Kerr instead
2670:
November, after a meeting with Kerr, Fraser proposed that if the government agreed to hold a House of Representatives election at the same time as the half-Senate election, the Coalition would concede supply. Whitlam rejected this offer, stating that he had no intention of advising a House election
2640:
Let me place my government's position clearly on the record. I shall not advise the Governor-General to hold an election for the House of Representatives on behalf of the Senate. I shall tender no advice for an election of either House or both Houses until this constitutional issue is settled. This
1952:
July 1970. Whitlam knew that, given the ALP's poor position after the 1966 election, victory was unlikely. Nevertheless, Whitlam scored an 18-seat swing, Labor's best performance since losing government in 1949. It also scored a 7.1 per cent two-party swing, the largest to not result in a change of
1878:
Since 1918, Labor had called for the abolition of the existing Australian Constitution, and the vesting of all political power in Parliament, a plan which would turn the states into powerless geographic regions. Beginning in 1965, Whitlam sought to change this goal. He finally succeeded at the 1971
1544:
in 1948 and 1949 (he was runner-up in 1950). He sought to make a career in the ALP there, but local Labor supporters were sceptical of Whitlam's loyalties, given his privileged background. In the postwar years, he practised law, concentrating on landlord/tenant matters, and sought to build his bona
992:, a position he filled with distinction, and was elected a member of the UNESCO Executive Board. He remained active into his nineties. The propriety and circumstances of his dismissal and the legacy of his government have been frequently debated in the decades since he left office. Whitlam is often
2834:
Polls from the first week of campaigning showed a nine-point swing against Labor. Whitlam's campaign team disbelieved the results at first, but additional polling returns clearly showed that the electorate had turned against Labor. The Coalition attacked Labor for economic conditions, and released
2661:
Kerr was following the crisis closely. At a luncheon with Whitlam and several of his ministers on 30 October, Kerr suggested a compromise: if Fraser conceded supply, Whitlam would agree not to call the half-Senate election until May or June 1976, or alternatively would agree not to call the Senate
2421:
Whitlam appointed Senator Murphy to the High Court, even though Murphy's Senate seat would not be up for election if a half-Senate election were held. Labor then held three of the five short-term New South Wales Senate seats. Under proportional representation, Labor could hold its three short-term
2396:
Despite these economic indicators, the Budget presented in August 1974 saw large increases in spending, especially in education. Treasury officials had advised a series of tax and fee increases, ranging from excise taxes to the cost of posting a letter; their advice was mostly rejected by Cabinet.
2219:
million at the time of payment), which was about a third of its annual budget. This required Whitlam's personal permission, which he gave on the condition the price was publicised. The purchase created a political and media scandal, and was said to symbolise, alternatively, Whitlam's foresight and
3304:
But what the Whitlam haters forget is that Labor had the misfortune to inherit government just as all the developed economies were about to cross a fault-line dividing the post-war Golden Age of automatic growth and full employment from today's world of always high unemployment and obsession with
3023:
Whitlam died on the morning of 21 October 2014. His family announced that there would be a private cremation and a public memorial service. He was the longest-lived Australian Prime Minister, dying at the age of 98 years and 102 days. He predeceased his successor Malcolm Fraser by just under five
1729:
as the colonial Dutch departed, Calwell responded by declaring that Indonesia must be stopped by force. Calwell's statement was called "crazy and irresponsible" by Prime Minister Menzies, and the incident reduced public support for the ALP. At that time, the Federal Conference of the Labor Party,
2645:
Whitlam and his ministers repeatedly claimed that the Opposition was damaging not only the constitution, but the economy as well. The Coalition senators remained united, though several became increasingly concerned about the tactic of blocking supply. As the crisis dragged into November, Whitlam
1866:
With the ALP's governing bodies unwilling to reform themselves, Whitlam worked to build support for change among ordinary party members. He successfully reduced union influence in the party, though he was never able to give the rank and file a direct vote in selecting the executive. The Victoria
1693:
calls his service on the committee, which included members from all parties in both chambers of Parliament, one of the "great influences in his political development". According to Hocking, service on the committee caused Whitlam to focus not on internal conflicts consuming the ALP, but on Labor
1824:
was a major issue. Calwell called for an "immediate and unconditional withdrawal" of Australian troops from Vietnam. Whitlam, however, said this would deprive Australia of any voice in a settlement, and that regular troops, rather than conscripts, should remain under some circumstances. Calwell
1800:
In early 1966, the 36-member conference, with Calwell's assent, banned any ALP parliamentarian from supporting federal assistance to the states for spending on both government and private schools, commonly called "state aid". Whitlam broke with the party on the issue, and was charged with gross
1730:
which dictated policy to parliamentary members, consisted of six members from each state, but not Calwell or Whitlam. In early 1963 a special conference met in a Canberra hotel to determine Labor policy regarding a proposed US base in northern Australia; Calwell and Whitlam were photographed by
1972:
In March 1971, the resentment against Gorton came to a head when a confidence vote in the Liberal caucus resulted in a tie. Declaring that this was a sign he no longer had the confidence of the party, Gorton resigned, and William McMahon was elected his successor. With the Liberals in turmoil,
3000:
killed in East Timor in October 1975. Whitlam indicated he had warned Peters' colleague, Greg Shackleton, who was also killed, that the Australian government could not protect them in East Timor and that they should not go there. He also said Shackleton was "culpable" if he had not passed on
2446:
Soon after Fraser's accession, controversy arose over the Whitlam government's actions in trying to restart peace talks in Vietnam. As the North prepared to end the civil war, Whitlam sent cables to both Vietnamese governments, telling Parliament both cables were substantially the same. The
2359:
signalled his willingness to leave the Senate for a diplomatic post. Gair's term would not expire until the following half-Senate election or upon a double dissolution election. With five Queensland seats at stake in the half-Senate election, the ALP was expected to win only two, but if six
2160:
The McMahon government had consisted of 27 ministers, twelve of whom comprised the Cabinet. In the run-up to the election, the Labor caucus had decided that if the party took power all 27 ministers were to be Cabinet members. Intense canvassing took place amongst ALP parliamentarians as the
2012:
By early 1972, Labor had established a clear lead in the polls; indeed, for the first time since 1955 its support was greater than the combined vote for the Coalition and DLP. Unemployment was at a ten-year peak, rising to 2.14 per cent in August (though the unemployment rate was calculated
2139:
home from Vietnam, ending Australia's involvement in the war; most troops, including all conscripts, had been withdrawn by McMahon. According to Whitlam's speechwriter Graham Freudenberg, the duumvirate was a success, as it showed that the Labor government could manipulate the machinery of
2540:. The election on 28 June proved a disaster for Labor, which lost the seat with a swing against it of 17 per cent. The next week, Whitlam removed deputy prime minister Cairns, who had misled Parliament about the Loans Affair amid controversy about his relationship with his office manager,
2646:
attempted to make arrangements for public servants and suppliers to be able to cash cheques at banks. These transactions would be temporary loans which the government would repay once supply was restored. This plan to prolong government without supply was presented to Kerr unsigned on 6
3300:
What Labor's True Believers don't want to accept is that the inexperience, impatience and indiscipline with which the Whitlam government changed Australia forever, and for the better, cost a lot of ordinary workers their jobs. Many would have spent months, even a year or more without
2714:
Kerr refused to receive Scholes, keeping him waiting for more than an hour. In that time Kerr rang Justice Anthony Mason to ask for advice. Mason told him the no confidence motion in the House was "irrelevant". Kerr then dissolved Parliament by proclamation: his Official Secretary,
2872:
showing the Whitlams huddled together in bed with Margaret Whitlam saying, "Did the earth move for you too, dear?" This cartoon prompted a page full of outraged letters from Labor partisans and a telegram from Gough Whitlam, safe in Tokyo, requesting the original of the cartoon.
3317:... Whitlam rivalled Menzies in his passion for the House of Representatives and ability to use it as his stage, and yet his parliamentary skills were rhetorical and not tactical. He could devise a strategy and then often botch the tactics in trying to implement that strategy.
1371:, and the Whitlam family moved there. As of 2008, Whitlam was the only prime minister to have spent his formative years in Canberra. At the time, conditions remained primitive in what was dubbed "the bush capital" and "the land of the blowflies". Gough attended the government
3292:, who wrote an official history of the ALP, notes that Whitlam remains greatly admired by many Labor supporters because of his reform efforts and inspiring leadership. Some rankings have put Whitlam high on the list of Australia's better prime ministers. Economist and writer
3288:, for a period of at least a decade, the Whitlam era was viewed almost entirely negatively, but that has changed. Still, she feels Australians take for granted programmes and policies initiated by the Whitlam government, such as recognition of China, legal aid, and Medicare.
2908:, based in Paris. He served for three years in this post, defending UNESCO against allegations of corruption. At the end of his term as ambassador Whitlam was elected to the Executive Board of UNESCO for a three-year term, until 1989. In 1985, he was appointed to Australia's
1863:, a Whitlam supporter who was considered a right-wing extremist. Whitlam resigned the leadership, demanding a vote of confidence from caucus. He defeated Cairns for the leadership in an unexpectedly close 38β32 vote. Despite the vote, the executive refused to seat Harradine.
3221:
In January 2021, the Whitlams' purpose-built home from 1956 to 1978 at 32 Albert Street, Cabramatta, designed by architect Roy Higson Dell Appleton, came up for sale. It was eventually sold at for $ 1.15 million to a group of Labor supporters, including former NSW Premier
1772:
reporting off-the-record comments Whitlam had made that his leader was "too old and weak" to win office, and that the party might be gravely damaged by an "old-fashioned" 70-year-old Calwell seeking his first term as prime minister. Later that year, at Whitlam's and
2826:
As the ALP began the 1975 campaign, it seemed that its supporters would maintain their rage. Early rallies drew huge crowds, with attendees handing Whitlam money to pay election expenses. The crowds greatly exceeded those in any of Whitlam's earlier campaigns; in
2658:). It proposed that public employees, including members of the armed forces and police, "could assign arrears of pay by way of mortgage". The government's refusal to formalise this and other "advice" was a factor justifying Kerr's resort to advice from elsewhere.
2127:, announced major grants for the arts, and appointed an interim schools commission. The duumvirate barred racially discriminatory sports teams from Australia, and instructed the Australian delegation at the United Nations to vote in favour of sanctions on
2085:. Historically, when Labor won government, the parliamentary caucus chose the ministers, with the party leader having the power only to assign portfolios. However, the new Labor caucus would not meet until after the final results came in on 15 December.
1714:, were in their sixties, twenty years older than Whitlam. In 1960, after losing three elections, Evatt resigned and was replaced by Calwell, with Whitlam defeating Ward for deputy leader. Calwell came within a handful of votes of winning the cliffhanger
1915:
saw a moderate swing to Labor and against the Coalition, compared with the general election the previous year. These federal victories, in which both Whitlam and Holt campaigned, helped give Whitlam the leverage he needed to carry out party reforms.
2884:. Although Labor managed to pick up five seats, the Coalition still enjoyed a majority of 48. According to Freudenberg, "The meaning and the message were unmistakable. It was the Australian people's rejection of Edward Gough Whitlam." Whitlam's son
1928:
won the vote and became prime minister. The leadership campaign was conducted mostly by television, and Gorton appeared to have the visual appeal needed to keep Whitlam out of office. Gorton resigned his seat in the Senate, and in February 1968 won
2692:, had lunch and conferred with his advisers. Immediately after his meeting with Whitlam, Kerr commissioned Fraser as caretaker Prime Minister, on the assurance he could obtain supply and would then advise Kerr to dissolve both houses for election.
2392:
as short-term rates rose to extremely high levels. Unemployment also rose significantly. Unease within the ALP led to Barnard's defeat when Jim Cairns challenged him for his deputy leadership. Whitlam gave little help to his embattled deputy.
1420:, Whitlam remained at St Paul's to study law. He had originally contemplated an academic career, but his lacklustre marks made that unlikely. Dropping out of Greek classes, he professed himself unable to care for the "dry as dust" lectures of
2080:
Whitlam took office with a majority in the House of Representatives, but without control of the Senate (elected in the 1967 and 1970 half-elections). The Senate at that time consisted of ten members from each of the six states, elected by
2849:
Whitlam stayed on as Opposition leader, surviving a leadership challenge. In early 1976, an additional controversy broke when it was reported that Whitlam had been involved in ALP attempts to raise $ 500,000 during the election from the
2417:
did not result in a loan, according to author and Whitlam speechwriter Graham Freudenberg, "The only cost involved was the cost to the reputation of the Government. That cost was to be immense – it was government itself."
1785:
members of the conference and executive, along with the party's leader and deputy leader in the Senate. As Whitlam considered the Senate unrepresentative, he opposed the admission of its ALP leaders to the party's governing bodies.
2552:, resulting in a deadlock. The unicameral Queensland legislature twice voted against Colston, and the party refused to submit any alternatives. Bjelke-Petersen finally convinced the legislature to elect a low-level union official,
2354:
By early 1974, the Senate had rejected nineteen government bills, ten of them twice. With a half-Senate election due by mid-year, Whitlam looked for ways to shore up support in that body. Queensland senator and former DLP leader
2267:
in December 1973, transferring control of wages and prices from the states to the federal government. The two propositions failed to attract a majority of voters in any state, and were rejected by over 800,000 votes nationwide.
2678:
and potentially have him removed, the Governor-General gave Whitlam no prior hint. Against Whitlam's advice, he conferred with High Court Chief Justice Sir Garfield Barwick, who agreed that he had the power to dismiss Whitlam.
2175:
fees, and established the Schools Commission to allocate funds to schools. Whitlam founded the Department of Urban Development and, having lived in developing Cabramatta, most of which lacked sewage facilities, established the
2939:. In March 2010, Fraser visited Whitlam at his Sydney office while on a book tour to promote his memoirs. Whitlam accepted an autographed copy of the book and presented Fraser with a copy of his 1979 book about the dismissal,
2263:, came within half a kilometre of the Papuan mainland. Liberal state governments in New South Wales and Victoria were re-elected by large margins in 1973. Whitlam and his majority in the House of Representatives proposed a
1763:, and lost seats in the 1964 half-Senate election. The party was also defeated in the state elections in the most populous state, New South Wales, surrendering control of the state government for the first time since 1941.
1748:". The Liberals seized on it, issuing a leaflet called "Mr Calwell and the Faceless Men" which accused Calwell and Whitlam of taking direction from "36 unknown men, not elected to Parliament nor responsible to the people".
1973:
Whitlam and the ALP sought to gain public trust as a credible government-in-waiting. The party's actions, such as its abandonment of the White Australia policy, gained favourable media attention. The Labor leader flew to
7264:
2251:, who replaced McMahon as Liberal leader in December 1972, sought to use control of the Senate to baulk Whitlam. It did not seek to block all government legislation; the Coalition senators, led by Senate Liberal leader
2400:
Beginning in October 1974, the Whitlam government sought overseas loans to finance its development plans, with the newly enriched oil nations a likely target. Whitlam attempted to secure financing before informing the
1923:
near Melbourne; his body was never recovered. John McEwen, as leader of the junior Coalition partner, the Country Party, took over as prime minister for three weeks until the Liberals could elect a new leader. Senator
1416: – the students were chosen because St Paul's required formal wear at dinner, and they could therefore supply their own costumes. After receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree with second-class honours in
944:
in which he won a slightly reduced majority in the House of Representatives, and picked up three Senate seats to hold equal Senate numbers to the opposition. The Whitlam government then instituted the first and only
9547:
9542:
9527:
2612:
The stakes were raised on 10 October, when the High Court declared valid the Act granting the territories two senators each. In a half-Senate election, most successful candidates would not take their places until
2459:
7024:"Music from the State Memorial Service for Gough Whitlam Recorded yesterday in the Sydney Town Hall, William Barton, didjeridu; Benjamin Northey, conductor Sydney Philharmonia Choir Sydney Symphony Orchestra"
9552:
2989:, who held his old seat of Werriwa. However, by 2005 he had called for Latham's resignation from parliament. Whitlam called his support of Latham to enter federal politics as one of his "lingering regrets".
3234:. The house was as of November 2021 proposed to be listed as a local heritage item. Following renovations and restoration works, the "Whitlam Prime Ministerial Home" was officially opened by Prime Minister
2682:
A meeting among the party leaders, including Whitlam and Fraser, to resolve the crisis on the morning of 11 November came to nothing. Kerr and Whitlam met at the Governor-General's office that afternoon at
1356:. At age six, Gough began his education at Chatswood Church of England Girls' School (early primary schooling at a girls' school was not unusual for small boys at the time). After a year there, he attended
1588:
had been heckled in his maiden speech and had responded, "The time will come when you shall hear me." He told McEwen, "The time will come when you may interrupt me." According to early Whitlam biographers
2438:
and an independent. By March 1975, many Liberal parliamentarians felt Snedden was doing an inadequate job as leader of the Opposition, and that Whitlam was dominating him in the House of Representatives.
2617:
July 1976, but the territories' senators, and those filling Field's and Bunton's seats, would assume their seats immediately. This gave Labor an outside chance of controlling the Senate, at least until
2525:, and in the context of the American retreat from Indo-China, he felt that incorporation of East Timor into Indonesia would enhance the stability of the region, and reduce the risk of the East Timorese
1813:. The ALP won, dealing the government its first by-election defeat since 1952. Whitlam survived the expulsion vote by a margin of only two, gaining both Queensland votes. At the end of April, Whitlam
3313:
Whitlam was the most paradoxical of all Prime Ministers in the last half of the 20th century. A man of superb intellect, knowledge, and literacy, he yet had little ability when it came to economics.
2707:
pm, ten minutes after supply had been secured, Fraser rose in the House and announced he was prime minister. Whitlam immediately moved a successful no confidence motion against Fraser. The Speaker,
1116:
1755:
for November 1963, standing in support of those two issues. The Prime Minister performed better than Calwell on television and received an unexpected boost after the assassination of US President
1875:. The conference also called for increased federal involvement in urban planning, and formed the basis of "The Program" of modern socialism which Whitlam and the ALP presented to voters in 1972.
10066:
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2397:
The Budget was unsuccessful in dealing with the inflation and unemployment, and Whitlam introduced large tax cuts in November. He also announced additional spending to help the private sector.
1793:. After years of politics being dominated by the elderly Menzies and Calwell, the younger Holt was seen as a breath of fresh air, and attracted public interest and support in the run-up to the
10011:
7472:
7111:
1903:. While the Liberal-Country Coalition had a huge majority in the House of Representatives, Whitlam energised the party by campaigning intensively to win two by-elections in 1967: first in
2888:, who had joined his father in the House of Representatives at the 1975 election, was defeated. Shortly after the election, Whitlam resigned as party leader and was succeeded by Hayden.
1948:. Whitlam and the ALP, with little internal dissension, stood on a platform calling for domestic reform, an end to conscription, and the withdrawal of Australian troops from Vietnam by 1
9024:
1937:
in Victoria. For the remainder of the year, Gorton appeared to have the better of Whitlam in the House of Representatives. In his chronicle of the Whitlam years, however, speechwriter
2223:
Whitlam travelled extensively as prime minister, and was the first Australian prime minister to visit China while in office. He was criticised for making this visit, especially after
2164:
Whitlam, prime minister for fewer than three years between 1972 and 1975, pushed through a raft of reforms that radically changed Australia's economic, legal and cultural landscape.
2688:
told Whitlam he had terminated his commission as prime minister, and handed him a letter to that effect. After the conversation, Whitlam returned to the Prime Minister's residence,
1817:
Calwell for the leadership; though Calwell received two-thirds of the vote, he announced that if the party lost the upcoming election, he would not stand again for the leadership.
3226:, with the intention of restoring the house as a museum. The work is supported by a Commonwealth government national heritage grant of $ 1.3 million, and is to be managed by the
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By the late 1950s Whitlam was seen as a leadership contender once the existing Labor leaders exited the scene. Most of the party's major figures, including Evatt, Deputy Leader
7617:. The Official History of Australia's Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948β1975. St. Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin in Association with the Australian War Memorial.
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writing in 1994 that "there is no doubt that in three years his government was responsible for more reforms and innovations than any other government in Australian history".
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3171:. Those attending the memorial included the current and some former governors-general, the current and all living former prime ministers, and members of the family of
2108:, with Whitlam as prime minister and Barnard as deputy prime minister. The two men held 27 portfolios during the two weeks before a full cabinet could be determined.
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asserts that Gorton's erratic behaviour, Whitlam's strengthening of his party, and events outside Australia (such as the Vietnam War) ate away at Liberal dominance.
3016:. On 21 January 2009, Whitlam achieved a greater age (92 years, 195 days) than any other Australian prime minister, surpassing the previous record holder
9632:
1957:
brought little change to Coalition control, but the Coalition vote fell below 40 per cent for the first time, representing a severe threat to Gorton's leadership.
1686:. This meant even longer journeys for his older children to attend school, since neither electorate had a high school at the time; they attended school in Sydney.
1977:
and pledged himself to the independence of what was then under Australian trusteeship. In 1971, Whitlam flew to Beijing and met with Chinese officials, including
9707:
1751:
Menzies manipulated the Opposition on issues that bitterly divided it, such as direct aid to the states for private schools, and the proposed base. He called an
2776:
while an employee of a CIA contractor, said the CIA wanted Whitlam removed from office because he threatened to close US military bases in Australia, including
1663:, who had long dissented from party policy, and who were predominantly Catholic and anti-communist. The ensuing division in the ALP, which came to be known as "
8236:
4753:
4342:
2806:, of his willingness to work with whatever government Australians elected, and that the US would never again interfere with Australia's democratic processes.
2695:
In the confusion, Whitlam and his advisers did not immediately tell any Senate members of the dismissal, with the result that when the Senate convened at 2:00
9652:
2271:
In 1974, the Senate refused to pass six bills after they were passed twice by the House of Representatives. With the Opposition threatening to disrupt money
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members could be given a voice in the conference. In 1968, controversy erupted within the party when the executive refused to seat new Tasmanian delegate
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pm, the appropriation bills were rapidly passed, with the ALP senators assuming the Opposition had given in. The bills were soon sent to Kerr to receive
993:
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3284:
More books have been written about Whitlam, including his own writings, than about any other Australian prime minister. According to Whitlam biographer
2954:, Whitlam "didn't like what Keating and Hawke had done" and regularly sent the Greens questions to ask the government about policies he disagreed with.
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9039:
6294:
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1581:
946:
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Strangio, Paul (2013). "Evaluating Prime-Ministerial Performance: The Australian Experience". In Strangio, Paul; 't Hart, Paul; Walter, James (eds.).
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3281:, who penned two books on the crisis, Whitlam "achieved a paradoxical triumph: the shadow of the dismissal has obscured the sins of his government".
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in June 1978, and resigned from Parliament on 31 July of the same year. He then held various academic positions. When Labor returned to power under
2762:. In 1966, Kerr helped to found Lawasia (or Law Asia), an organization of lawyers with offices in all the major capitals of Asia. It was funded by
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government, so long as it retains a majority in the House of Representatives, will continue the course endorsed by the Australian people last year.
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disloyalty by the executive, an offence which carried the penalty of expulsion from the party. Before the matter could be heard, Whitlam left for
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2336:, which was under his ministerial responsibility. Murphy believed that ASIO might have files relating to threats against Yugoslav Prime Minister
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1777:'s urging, and over Calwell's objection, the biennial party conference made major changes to the party's platform: deleting support for the
1682:. Although Whitlam would have received ALP support in either division, he chose to continue standing for Werriwa and moved from Cronulla to
1545:
fides in the party. He ran twice – unsuccessfully – for the local council, once (also unsuccessfully) for the
1348:
In 1918, Fred Whitlam was promoted to deputy Crown solicitor and transferred to Sydney. The family lived first in the North Shore suburb of
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Fred Whitlam was promoted again in 1927, this time to Assistant Crown Solicitor. The position was located in the new national capital of
439:
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refused to consider any adjustment in Queensland's border with Papua New Guinea, which, due to the state's ownership of islands in the
7048:"The Honourable Edward Gough Whitlam AC QC, 11 July 1916 – 21 October 2014. State Memorial Service, Sydney Town Hall, 5
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government of Iraq. No money had actually been paid, and no charges were filed. The Whitlams were visiting China at the time of the
10156:
8110:
3175:. The two-hour service, attended by 1,000 invited guests and 900 others, was screened to thousands outside the Hall, as well as in
1981:. McMahon attacked Whitlam for the visit and claimed that the Chinese had manipulated him. This attack backfired when US President
1899:
Soon after taking the leadership, Whitlam reorganised the ALP caucus, assigning portfolios and turning the Labor frontbench into a
1668:
326:
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November 2014" (service programme). Arrangements for the service were managed by the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet.
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election, holding it instead of the half-Senate election. After a campaign featuring the Labor slogan "Give Gough a fair go", the
1678:
In 1955, a redistribution divided Whitlam's electorate of Werriwa in two, with his Cronulla home located in the new electorate of
10001:
6171:
2796:
2716:
2364:, to issue writs for only the usual five vacancies, since Gair's seat was not yet vacant, effectively countering Whitlam's plan.
378:
3076:. Pearson's contribution was hailed as "one of the best political speeches of our time". Musical performances were delivered by
2430:, felt that this convention applied only to vacancies caused by deaths or ill-health, and arranged for the legislature to elect
953:
as part of the double dissolution process. His government's second term was dominated by a declining economy suffering from the
6504:
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1161:
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2880:, the last treasurer in the Whitlam government, with Whitlam remaining leader of the ALP by a two-vote margin. Fraser called
10106:
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9476:
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8497:
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7938:
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7584:
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3005:
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1176:
965:, which led to the removal of two government ministers. The opposition continued to obstruct Whitlam's agenda in the Senate.
843:
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Whitlam is remembered for the circumstances of his dismissal. It is a legacy he did little to efface; he wrote a 1979 book,
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of the two houses of Parliament under Section 57 of the Constitution. This session, authorised by the new governor-general,
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and David Solomon, this cool response put the Coalition government on notice that he would be a force to be reckoned with.
1562:
1546:
1540:. He also bought the block of land next door, using the prize money (Β£1,000 in security bonds) he received for winning the
882:
183:
2544:. At the time of Cairns's dismissal, one Senate seat was vacant, following the death on 30 June of Queensland ALP Senator
10101:
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will be named for Whitlam, and that his family would be consulted about other potential memorials. Gough Whitlam Park in
3184:
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2897:
2518:
2517:. In September 1974, Whitlam met with President Suharto in Indonesia and indicated that he would support Indonesia if it
2467:
1284:
866:
810:
487:
52:
3590:
1671:(DLP). The conflict helped to keep Labor out of power for a generation, since DLP supporters chose the Liberal Party in
1410:
at the age of 18. He earned his first wages by appearing, with several other "Paulines", in a cabaret scene in the film
10141:
10091:
7811:
3309:
Wallace Brown describes Whitlam in his book about his experiences covering Australian prime ministers as a journalist:
3143:
3094:
2231:; he interrupted an extensive tour of Europe for 48 hours (deemed too brief a period by many) to view the devastation.
2029:
1253:
894:
131:
1960:
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9009:
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3626:
3465:
2427:
7418:
10126:
9731:
4750:
4339:
3548:
3203:
3085:
2881:
2749:
2280:
2124:
2014:
1945:
1794:
1752:
1715:
1656:
1500:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
981:
977:
941:
898:
886:
870:
6452:
1718:. He had not wanted Whitlam as deputy leader, and believed Labor would have won if Ward had been in the position.
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9276:
9064:
8663:
8007:
3532:
3191:
3164:
2924:
1954:
1912:
2729:
cur. They won't silence the outskirts of Parliament House, even if the inside has been silenced for a few weeks.
2674:
With the crisis unresolved, Kerr decided to dismiss Whitlam as prime minister. Fearing that Whitlam would go to
740:
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9241:
6790:
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2909:
2720:
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1390:
1342:
1277:
1171:
579:
7140:
6351:
2795:
Whitlam later wrote that Kerr did not need any encouragement from the CIA. However, he also said that in 1977
2733:... Maintain your rage and enthusiasm for the campaign for the election now to be held and until polling day.
912:
introduced numerous socially progressive and reformist policies and initiatives, including the termination of
10146:
10041:
9511:
9415:
9377:
9271:
3741:
3049:
3004:
Whitlam joined three other former prime ministers in February 2008 in returning to Parliament to witness the
2920:
2916:
2753:
2200:
2136:
1826:
1766:
Whitlam's relationship with Calwell, never good, deteriorated further after publication of a 1965 article in
1412:
1403:
1380:
1318:
1259:
846:. Whitlam remains the only Australian prime minister to have been removed from office by a governor-general.
835:
6302:
9321:
9246:
5520:
3966:
2869:
2843:
2581:
2299:
2291:
1920:
1732:
1608:(who, as High Court Chief Justice, played a role in Whitlam's downfall) a "bumptious bastard", and he said
1338:
3508:
2462:
that Australia had signed under Holt, but which had never been ratified. In August 1975, Whitlam gave the
9306:
8245:
8137:
8026:
7516:
7396:
7251:
5121:
3176:
2923:, turned down the position. He and Margaret Whitlam were part of the bid team that in 1993 persuaded the
2509:). Australians had long taken an interest in the colony; the nation had sent troops to the region during
1850:
1683:
1652:
1353:
819:
82:
2450:
As the political situation deteriorated, Whitlam and his government continued to enact legislation: The
1689:
Whitlam was appointed to the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Constitutional Review in 1956. Biographer
9835:
9790:
9501:
7002:
3259:
3161:
3032:
2264:
2228:
1639:, whom Whitlam greatly admired. In 1954, the ALP seemed likely to return to power. The Prime Minister,
1504:
1457:
1445:
1395:
1151:
1141:
854:
756:
8012:
1789:
Menzies retired in January 1966, and was succeeded as prime minister by the new Liberal Party leader,
9486:
9367:
8953:
7875:
7327:
6639:
4415:
3595:
3231:
3215:
3103:
3099:
3077:
2752:, a conservative group which had been established by, and received funding from, the CIA through the
2177:
1986:
1537:
1465:
1121:
913:
5085:
7572:
4633:
2855:
2466:
of the Northern Territory title deeds to part of their traditional lands, beginning the process of
2082:
1930:
1711:
1597:
1566:
1561:
as ALP candidate. Lazzarini died in 1952 before completing his term and Whitlam was elected to the
1541:
31:
6689:
6553:
5989:
A Spy's Story: USA Traitor Gaoled for 40 Years After Selling Codes of Rylite and Argus Projects. (
1871:
for schools and universities, recognition of Aboriginal land claims, and expanded party policy on
9372:
9205:
9190:
9155:
9145:
8943:
8035:
7770:
7734:
7711:
6041:
3401:
3296:
evaluates opinions on the Whitlam government's responses to the economic challenges of the time:
3278:
2789:
2785:
2606:
2377:
1965:
1908:
1810:
1449:
1376:
1349:
1266:
1201:
997:
958:
950:
17:
7023:
6742:
Gough Whitlam dies aged 98; Family says 'loving and generous' father was 'source of inspiration'
3329:(2002) were in response to a question about his status as an icon and elder statesman. He said:
2405:
which included state officials hostile to Whitlam. His government empowered Pakistani financier
877:. Whitlam became deputy leader of the Labor Party in 1960, and in 1967, after the retirement of
9981:
9754:
9362:
9316:
9200:
9185:
9160:
9150:
9140:
9130:
9105:
9074:
8686:
7908:
7853:
3406:
3396:
3255:
2769:
2532:
Whitlam had offered Barnard a diplomatic post and in early 1975 Barnard accepted, triggering a
2185:
2153:
2105:
1778:
1737:
1584:
that maiden speeches are traditionally heard in silence. Whitlam responded to McEwen by saying
1496:
1453:
1206:
1196:
1131:
823:
691:
590:
6764:
9506:
9331:
9326:
9311:
9180:
9170:
9125:
9115:
9110:
9100:
7615:
A Nation at War: Australian Politics, Society and Diplomacy during the Vietnam War, 1965β1975
4947:
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3134:
3111:
2689:
2533:
2272:
1872:
1672:
1648:
921:
902:
7594:
5181:
Stoodley, Sheila Gibson (August 2008), "Misadventures in Collecting 3: Excess for Success",
5159:
The Prime Minister's Christmas Card: Blue Poles and the cultural politics of the Whitlam era
3802:
1854:
Whitlam and his wife Margaret entering the memorial service for Harold Holt in December 1967
9991:
9986:
9210:
9175:
9165:
6587:
4206:
3530:
Walker, Tony; Koutsoukis, Jason (3 January 2001). "The good, the bad and the couldabeens".
3381:
2928:
2851:
2498:
2295:
2022:
1891:
1880:
1495:. While in the service, he began his political activities, distributing literature for the
1480:
1437:
1407:
1357:
1126:
925:
831:
784:
707:
7596:
East Timor, Australia and Regional Order: Intervention and its Aftermath in Southeast Asia
2294:, passed bills providing for universal health insurance (known then as Medibank, today as
1596:
In the rough and tumble debate in the House of Representatives, Whitlam called fellow MHR
8:
9195:
9079:
8051:
3199:
3195:
2763:
2758:
2451:
2337:
2256:
2025:
at which another "ramshackle, reactionary coalition" had been given a "crushing defeat".
1934:
1760:
1554:
1372:
1361:
1166:
1060:
874:
822:, serving from December 1972 to November 1975. To date the longest-serving leader of the
493:
8466:
6816:"Gough Whitlam: State memorial service for former PM to be held in Sydney on November 5"
3110:. In accordance with Whitlam's wishes, the orchestra performed "In Tears of Grief" from
9069:
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9049:
9044:
9029:
8022:
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6017:
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3568:
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3115:
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3009:
2966:
2828:
2819:
2802:
made a special trip to Sydney to meet with him and told him, on behalf of US President
2799:
2666:
July. Whitlam rejected the idea, seeking to end the Senate's right to deny supply. On 3
2426:
were from the same political party as the former senator. The New South Wales premier,
2276:
2193:
2189:
2181:
2057:
1938:
1833:
February 1967, Whitlam was elected party leader, defeating leading left-wing candidate
1679:
1103:
969:
937:
909:
814:
56:
8214:
2748:
Kerr had been involved with a number of CIA fronts. In the 1950s, Kerr had joined the
1659:
with a seven-seat majority. After the election, Evatt attempted to purge the party of
1309:
980:
by a landslide. Whitlam stepped down as leader of the party after losing again at the
9795:
9496:
9382:
9215:
9034:
9004:
7954:
7948:
7934:
7916:
7883:
7861:
7840:
7819:
7790:
7780:
7758:
7748:
7721:
7715:
7698:
7677:
7640:
7618:
7600:
7580:
7559:
7541:
6484:
5604:
5162:
3622:
3586:
3572:
3251:
3227:
2947:
2311:
2045:
1904:
1660:
1585:
1492:
1136:
933:
774:
7990:
7519:, MMII Film Finance Corporation Australia and Interpares Pty. Ltd. Timestamp:1:25:52
7473:"Reformer Gough Whitlam oversaw economic chaos but it was not all of Labor's making"
5054:
2609:
new elections, Kerr would have to dismiss him. Supply would run out on 30 November.
2316:
9120:
9054:
8978:
8841:
8732:
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Inside the Greens: the origins and future of the party, the people and the politics
6255:
3560:
3428:
3235:
3172:
3107:
3045:
2962:
2537:
2502:
2172:
2004:
1974:
1820:
Holt called an election for November 1966, in which Australia's involvement in the
1605:
1488:
1461:
985:
649:
610:
116:
7178:"Gough Whitlam's former Cabramatta home sells for $ 1.15 million prior to auction"
3564:
2724:
abolished. Whitlam, who had been standing behind Smith, then addressed the crowd:
2100:
December, per Whitlam's request, Hasluck swore Whitlam and Labor's deputy leader,
2072:
968:
In late 1975, the opposition senators refused to allow a vote on the government's
9955:
9865:
9301:
9095:
8983:
8883:
8873:
8858:
8381:
8130:
8003:
7535:
6791:"The 'special moment' seven surviving prime ministers were photographed together"
4757:
4406:
4346:
3223:
2977:
Gough Whitlam (right) at 88, with the then-leader of the Australian Labor Party,
2650:
November, under the title "Draft Joint Opinion" (ostensibly of solicitor-general
2545:
2510:
2463:
2460:
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
2406:
2373:
2208:
2120:
2089:
2041:
1994:
1860:
1756:
1736:
peering in through the doors, waiting for the verdict. In an accompanying story,
1726:
1721:
Soon after the 1961 election, events began to turn against Labor. When President
1613:
1612:
exhibited a "hereditary streak of insanity". After calling future prime minister
1468:
and was the daughter of barrister and future New South Wales Supreme Court judge
954:
850:
164:
7880:
Labor and the Constitution 1972β1975: The Whitlam Years in Australian Government
3333:
I hope this is not just because I was a martyr; the fact was, I was an achiever.
2996:
In 2007, Whitlam testified at an inquest into the death of Brian Peters, one of
1460:(RAAF). In 1942, while awaiting entry into the service, Whitlam met and married
9950:
9930:
9840:
9135:
8988:
8903:
8763:
8565:
8436:
8391:
8361:
8336:
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8044:
7896:
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3207:
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2431:
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2168:
2037:
1900:
1768:
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1640:
1609:
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1181:
973:
878:
516:
307:
176:
66:
43:
7977: – Australia's Prime Ministers / National Archives of Australia
7776:
November 1975 : the inside story of Australia's greatest political crisis
1635:
Government's defeat in 1949 and, since 1951, had been under the leadership of
1432:
9975:
9900:
9875:
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9845:
9825:
9810:
9785:
9431:
8968:
8963:
8913:
8878:
8868:
8822:
8738:
8714:
8624:
8540:
8516:
8416:
8341:
8321:
8316:
8306:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8281:
8266:
8261:
8093:
7690:
7669:
7512:
6061:
3289:
3285:
3069:
2651:
2478:
2385:
2329:
2321:
2260:
2248:
2224:
2101:
1982:
1806:
1690:
1644:
1573:
1330:
1322:
839:
679:
560:
319:
139:
121:
7794:
7762:
7228:"Whitlam's dilapidated 'Lodge in Waiting' home to be preserved and restored"
7155:"Former prime minister Gough Whitlam's humble Cabramatta home on the market"
9960:
9925:
9920:
9910:
9830:
9820:
9780:
9775:
9770:
9481:
8938:
8933:
8888:
8863:
8835:
8788:
8721:
8707:
8637:
8590:
8523:
8509:
8401:
8326:
8311:
8271:
8189:
8120:
7832:
7468:
7141:
https://www.cbcity.nsw.gov.au/environment/parks-reserves/gough-whitlam-park
4629:
4419:
obituary of Ray Gietzelt: "Kingmaker fought for democratisation of unions".
4410:
3386:
3293:
3149:
3120:
3065:
2951:
2885:
2803:
2773:
2700:
2675:
2630:
2553:
2541:
2414:
2402:
2361:
2093:
2033:
1745:
1590:
1558:
1557:, announced that he would stand down at the next election. Whitlam won the
1421:
1384:
1379:
where, at the Speech Day ceremony that year, he was awarded a prize by the
1334:
1156:
984:, and retired from parliament the following year. Upon the election of the
962:
662:
645:
371:
103:
9723:
7064:"Gough Whitlam memorial service: a who's who of lives shaped by a big man"
2001:
that Australia was a "west European nation", also damaged the government.
9940:
9905:
9895:
9885:
9860:
9855:
9805:
9405:
8958:
8948:
8923:
8898:
8893:
8809:
8804:
8799:
8794:
8775:
8758:
8752:
8745:
8727:
8655:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8596:
8577:
8560:
8554:
8547:
8529:
8426:
8406:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8301:
8276:
8174:
8103:
7774:
7738:
3893:
3089:
3017:
2997:
2986:
2978:
2877:
2655:
2549:
2501:, Portugal began a process of decolonisation and began a withdrawal from
2349:
2252:
2148:
1925:
1821:
1790:
1774:
1636:
1632:
1577:
1456:, and with a year remaining in his legal studies, he volunteered for the
1444:
Soon after the outbreak of World War II in 1939, Whitlam enlisted in the
1146:
1011:
890:
359:
281:
276:
271:
245:
149:
7802:
Lloyd, Clem (2008), "Edward Gough Whitlam", in Grattan, Michelle (ed.),
4207:"Digital Collections β Books β Item 1: Mr. Calwell and the Faceless Men"
2589:
2473:
2021:
December. Whitlam noted that the polling day was the anniversary of the
1569:. Whitlam trebled Lazzarini's majority in a 12 per cent swing to Labor.
9945:
9935:
9915:
9890:
9815:
9436:
9410:
8973:
8918:
8829:
8815:
8631:
8617:
8421:
8411:
8331:
8061:
7089:"Australian Electoral Commission to abolish Federal NSW seat of Hunter"
6376:"Fearing the sack, John Kerr's dismissal of Gough Whitlam was a 'coup'"
3081:
3013:
2626:
2506:
2486:
2356:
2204:
2167:
The Whitlam government abolished the death penalty for federal crimes.
2112:
2088:
With Labor's win beyond doubt even though counting was still underway,
1978:
1834:
1802:
1707:
1476:
1469:
702:
685:
528:
144:
7252:
https://legislation.nsw.gov.au/view/html/inforce/current/epi-2013-0213
2470:. The next month, Australia granted independence to Papua New Guinea.
1520:
8781:
8583:
8396:
6972:"Noel Pearson's eulogy for Gough Whitlam praised as one for the ages"
3804:
Come and see the former heads of the national parliament ... or bust!
3619:
Understanding Prime-Ministerial Performance: Comparative Perspectives
3246:
3180:
2901:
2780:. Boyce said Kerr was described by the CIA as "our man Kerr". Former
2482:
2443:
challenged Snedden for the leadership, and defeated him on 21 March.
2184:
on the VictoriaβNew South Wales border. The process was started for "
2128:
1623:
1572:
Whitlam joined the ALP minority in the House of Representatives. His
1326:
929:
862:
827:
720:
7903:(revised ed.), New Holland Publishers Pty Ltd, pp. 312β323
7806:(revised ed.), New Holland Publishers Pty Ltd, pp. 324β354
7664:(revised ed.), New Holland Publishers Pty Ltd, pp. 298β311
3321:... Above all he was a man of grand vision with serious blind spots.
2372:
By mid-1974, Australia was in an economic slump, suffering from the
2275:
to government, Whitlam used the Senate's recalcitrance to trigger a
2203:, then called the Australian National Gallery, bought the painting "
9870:
8928:
6402:"The line's broken: Malcolm Fraser mourns his friend Gough Whitlam"
5058:
2777:
2526:
2522:
2302:
with representation in the Senate, effective at the next election.
2234:
2132:
1601:
1417:
1368:
834:
government that ended with his controversial dismissal by the then-
220:
7537:
Killing Hope: US Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II
5084:, Whitlam Institute (University of Western Sydney), archived from
3549:"Prime-ministerial leadership rankings: the Australian experience"
2919:
in 1987 after his son Nick, who was then managing director of the
2814:
2171:
was established, with offices in each state capital. It abolished
6947:"Gough Whitlam, remembered by his eldest son, Antony Whitlam, QC"
6558:
6175:
5525:
3157:
3128:
3056:
was given by Auntie Millie Ingram and eulogies were delivered by
2864:
2859:
2575:
2490:
2388:. Primary producers of commodities such as beef were caught in a
2247:
From the start of the Whitlam government, the Opposition, led by
2123:, to the commission. Whitlam and Barnard eliminated sales tax on
1998:
1722:
1528:
1317:
Edward Gough Whitlam was born on 11 July 1916 at the family home
7985:
7874:
Sawer, Geoffrey (1977), "Towards a New Federal Structure?", in
7515:. Produced and directed by Robert Francis. In association with
5501:
5023:
2981:, at an election fundraising event in Melbourne, September 2004
2973:
2905:
2788:
has dismissed the notion of CIA involvement, as has journalist
2435:
1333:, was born four years after him), to Martha (nΓ©e Maddocks) and
989:
10067:
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Werriwa
6238:
6236:
4875:
4863:
4733:
4731:
4668:
1532:
Whitlam with his wife Margaret and their four children in 1954
996:
by political experts and academics, with political journalist
10012:
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Australia
7354:"It's time: PM declares Whitlam family home a national asset"
3924:
3835:
3833:
3457:
2985:
Whitlam initially had a close relationship with Labor leader
2957:
2756:. Kerr was on its executive board and wrote for its magazine
1617:
818:(11 July 1916 – 21 October 2014) was the 21st
4437:
2904:
in 1983, Whitlam was appointed as Australia's ambassador to
2529:
movement, which many feared was communist, coming to power.
1536:
With his war service loan, Whitlam built a house in seaside
7899:(2008), "Sir William McMahon", in Grattan, Michelle (ed.),
6706:
6233:
5748:
5676:
5603:, Sydney: Australian Broadcasting Corporation, p. 61,
5540:
5489:
5477:
5441:
5417:
5365:
5363:
5273:
5261:
5225:
5011:
4999:
4728:
4427:
4425:
3784:
3782:
2838:
7980:
6999:"A closer look at Noel Pearson's eulogy for Gough Whitlam"
6765:"Obituary: former prime minister Gough Whitlam dead at 98"
4923:
4911:
4899:
4887:
4803:
4779:
4767:
4692:
4680:
4610:
4581:
4557:
4521:
4461:
4449:
4320:
4308:
4296:
4269:
4257:
4245:
4233:
4187:
4175:
4139:
4115:
4076:
4064:
4009:
4006:
Jenny Hocking, Gough Whitlam: A Moment in History MUP 2008
3830:
3755:
3705:"Freda Whitlam: educationalist passionate about her girls"
3434:
8496:
6869:"Cate Blanchett pays tribute to Gough Whitlam: full text"
6690:"After 50 years' hard Labor, Gough tells it like it was."
6316:
6194:
6182:
6128:
6092:
5943:
5905:
5893:
5869:
5688:
5640:
5582:
5580:
5429:
5201:
4380:
4286:
4284:
4093:
4091:
3936:
3857:
3448:
3431:
3368:
My Italian Notebook: The Story of an Enduring Love Affair
3036:
Memorial service, Sydney Town Hall, at welcome to country
2636:
Whitlam told the House of Representatives on 21 October,
2008:
Whitlam giving a speech during the 1972 election campaign
7368:
6333:
6331:
6248:
6223:
6221:
6024:, 7.30 Report, 11 October 2005. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
5833:
5785:
5773:
5465:
5390:
5360:
5348:
5326:
5324:
4716:
4704:
4569:
4422:
4163:
4103:
4030:"It's time to view Gough Whitlam's life as an open book"
3869:
3845:
3818:
3779:
2876:
In early 1977 Whitlam faced a leadership challenge from
1805:, where he campaigned intensively for the ALP candidate
1337:. His father was a federal public servant who later was
8244:
7999: – transcript and audio from August 1975
7986:
The Whitlam Dismissal – 11 November 1975
6542:
6281:
Hocking, Jenny Gough Whitlam: His Time MUP. 2012 p. 452
5931:
5845:
5407:
5405:
5380:
5378:
5309:
5285:
5237:
5213:
4987:
4054:
4052:
4050:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3984:
2862:, 140 kilometres (90 mi) away from the epicentre.
2188:" to become the country's national anthem in place of "
7091:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 16 October 2015
6921:"Farewell Gough Whitlam, friend, comrade and reformer"
6532:"Shiver me timbers! This buccaneer's changed his tune"
5577:
5035:
4963:
4827:
4815:
4791:
4644:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4533:
4509:
4356:
4281:
4127:
4088:
2711:, was instructed to advise Kerr to reinstate Whitlam.
1840:
1070:
994:
ranked in the upper-tier of Australian prime ministers
7490:
6328:
6218:
6206:
6152:
6140:
6116:
6104:
5955:
5881:
5857:
5821:
5809:
5797:
5700:
5664:
5652:
5628:
5616:
5336:
5321:
5135:
4975:
4851:
4839:
3912:
3900:
3767:
3466:
3445:
3437:
3277:, to his removal. According to journalist and author
1725:
of Indonesia announced that he intended to take over
1576:
provoked an interruption by a future prime minister,
1394:
Photograph of Whitlam and attestation paper from his
10122:
Royal Australian Air Force personnel of World War II
7637:
A Certain Grandeur: Gough Whitlam's Life in Politics
7201:"Whitlam's Cabramatta family home sells for $ 1.15m"
6038:
Whitlam dismissal: Queen, CIA played no role in 1975
5967:
5736:
5724:
5712:
5453:
5402:
5375:
5297:
5249:
5189:
4656:
4634:"Election Summary: Victoria β Federal Election 2007"
4497:
4221:
4151:
4047:
3981:
3454:
3451:
2965:
at Parliament House for the national apology to the
2950:
as a "decoy questioner" in parliament. According to
2946:
During the 1990s Labor government, Whitlam used the
2117:
Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission
1510:
4593:
4545:
4485:
3953:
3951:
3635:
3442:
3241:
2891:
2332:, led a police raid on the Melbourne office of the
2196:replaced the British honours system in early 1975.
10072:Members of the Australian House of Representatives
7779:. St Leonards, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin.
7112:"Gough Whitlam to have suburb named in his honour"
6745:, Australian Broadcasting Company, 21 October 2014
5552:
4473:
4368:
3681:"Now Whitlam rages against the dying of the light"
2809:
1675:. Whitlam supported Evatt throughout this period.
1515:
6895:"Noel Pearson's eulogy for Gough Whitlam in full"
6843:"Now it's time for Australia after Gough Whitlam"
6580:"Gough, Margaret Whitlam get ALP life membership"
6548:
6018:Terrorist threat heightened, former spy boss says
5560:"Influx of boat people disturbing to Australians"
3965:. Department of Veterans' Affairs. Archived from
3364:(Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, 1997).
1553:, the Labor member for the Federal electorate of
936:delaying passage of bills, Whitlam called a snap
881:, was elected leader of the party and became the
10062:Honorary grand companions of the Order of Logohu
9973:
6474:
6472:
6428:"Australia poised to say no to republican dream"
6301:, National Archives of Australia, archived from
6289:
6287:
5152:
5150:
5120:, National Archives of Australia, archived from
3948:
3740:, National Archives of Australia, archived from
3728:
3726:
3529:
3507:. National Archives of Australia. Archived from
3198:in the House of Representatives in place of the
2744:Alleged CIA involvement in the Whitlam dismissal
2605:Whitlam could not deliver supply, and would not
2409:as an intermediary in the hope of securing US$ 4
2328:In February 1973, the Attorney General, Senator
1549:, and campaigned for other candidates. In 1951,
7556:Ten Prime Ministers: Life Among the Politicians
7509:Gough Whitlam – In His Own Words
5055:"Gough Whitlam: Five ways he changed Australia"
3327:Gough Whitlam – In His Own Words
1375:. In 1932, Whitlam's father transferred him to
865:following the war. He was first elected to the
7380:
6658:
6656:
6572:
6067:
5174:
3352:(Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1979).
1781:and making the ALP's leader and deputy leader
1313:"Ngara", Whitlam's birthplace (now demolished)
976:, as caretaker prime minister. Labor lost the
961:, as well as a political scandal known as the
826:(ALP), he was notable for being the head of a
30:"Whitlam" redirects here. For other uses, see
9739:
8671:
8482:
8230:
6469:
6284:
5513:
5147:
5108:
5106:
5104:
5102:
3723:
3325:Whitlam's last words in the documentary film
2334:Australian Security Intelligence Organisation
1285:
27:Prime Minister of Australia from 1972 to 1975
8021:- Speech held three days after dismissal in
7831:
6681:
6601:
6444:
5979:
4785:
4773:
4751:Events and issues that made the news in 1972
4628:
4563:
4527:
4340:Events and issues that made the news in 1966
4326:
4082:
4070:
4015:
3930:
3839:
3761:
3674:
3672:
3273:), and devoted part of his subsequent book,
2051:
196:11 November 1975 β 22 December 1977
9753:
7631:
7328:"Opening of Whitlam Prime Ministerial Home"
6840:
6653:
6626:
6419:
6242:
5754:
5682:
5546:
5507:
5495:
5483:
5447:
5423:
5279:
5267:
5231:
5029:
5017:
5005:
4929:
4917:
4905:
4893:
4881:
4869:
4674:
4587:
4443:
4386:
3269:(the title is a play on Kerr's 1978 memoir
2298:) and providing the Northern Territory and
1886:
1697:
988:in 1983, he was appointed as Ambassador to
932:programmes. With the opposition-controlled
391:9 February 1967 β 22 December 1977
95:5 December 1972 β 11 November 1975
10097:Permanent delegates of Australia to UNESCO
10082:People educated at Canberra Grammar School
9746:
9732:
8685:
8678:
8664:
8489:
8475:
8237:
8223:
7993: – Copy of dismissal letter
7837:The Making of an Australian Prime Minister
7333:. Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet
6505:"Latham, Gough Whitlam split a bitter one"
5592:
5099:
3794:
2993:party organisation at the national level.
2858:in July 1976, though they were staying in
2737:
1524:Whitlam as a newly elected MP in the 1950s
1292:
1278:
339:5 December 1972 β 6 November 1973
258:9 February 1967 β 5 December 1972
65:
10112:Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun
8197:Permanent Delegate of Australia to UNESCO
7652:
7511:SBS Film (2002), written and narrated by
7305:Fairfield Local Environmental Plan Review
7203:. Fairfield City Champion. Archived from
6866:
6762:
4575:
3669:
3585:
2842:Controversial cartoon of the Whitlams by
1631:The ALP had been out of office since the
1329:, the elder of two children (his sister,
918:Australian involvement in the Vietnam War
10022:Australian ministers for Foreign Affairs
8002:Listen to an excerpt of Gough Whitlam's
7895:
7810:
7416:
7386:
7325:
7274:. Fairfield City Council. Archived from
6918:
6073:
5180:
4737:
4027:
3942:
3616:
3546:
3245:
3031:
2972:
2956:
2837:
2813:
2485:, where Whitlam discussed the future of
2472:
2454:provided for no-fault divorce while the
2315:
2233:
2147:
2071:
2003:
1959:
1890:
1849:
1622:
1527:
1519:
1431:
1389:
1308:
506:29 November 1952 β 31 July 1978
7946:
7928:
7689:
7668:
7612:
7467:
7374:
7254:Fairfield Local Environmental Plan 2013
7175:
7109:
6944:
6892:
6841:Freudenberg, Graham (6 November 2014).
6795:St George & Sutherland Shire Leader
6478:
6349:
6098:
5937:
5851:
5291:
5156:
5074:
5072:
4993:
4943:"On this day: Gough Whitlam becomes PM"
4833:
4821:
4809:
4797:
4698:
4686:
4650:
4616:
4467:
4455:
4362:
4314:
4302:
4290:
4275:
4263:
4251:
4239:
4193:
4181:
4145:
4133:
4121:
4097:
3918:
3906:
3875:
3863:
3851:
3824:
3788:
3773:
3553:Australian Journal of Political Science
2797:United States Deputy Secretary of State
1472:. He entered the RAAF on 20 June 1942.
1452:. In late 1941, following the Japanese
452:7 March 1960 β 9 February 1967
14:
10087:People educated at Knox Grammar School
9974:
7907:
7592:
7301:"Planning Proposal LEP Review Stage 2"
7198:
6733:
6687:
6665:"Whitlam to mark birthday with family"
6607:
6554:"Party hails Gough in his 10th decade"
6450:
6399:
5985:
5586:
3040:A state memorial service was held on 5
2915:Whitlam was appointed chairman of the
2772:, who was convicted of spying for the
2017:for the House of Representatives for 2
10137:Leaders of the Australian Labor Party
10017:Leaders of the Opposition (Australia)
9997:1975 Australian constitutional crisis
9727:
9477:1975 Australian constitutional crisis
9457:History of the Australian Labor Party
8659:
8498:Leaders of the Australian Labor Party
8470:
8218:
7873:
7801:
7769:
7733:
7710:
7571:
7553:
7496:
7326:Albanese, Anthony (2 December 2022).
7061:
6996:
6662:
6632:
6610:"Balibo reporter was warned: Whitlam"
6425:
6337:
6322:
6227:
6212:
6200:
6188:
6158:
6146:
6134:
6122:
6110:
5961:
5949:
5911:
5899:
5887:
5875:
5863:
5827:
5815:
5803:
5706:
5694:
5670:
5658:
5646:
5634:
5622:
5435:
5342:
5330:
5315:
5303:
5255:
5243:
5219:
5207:
5141:
5065:from the original on 8 November 2023.
4981:
4969:
4722:
4710:
4662:
4604:
4551:
4539:
4515:
4503:
4491:
4479:
4431:
4374:
4227:
4169:
4157:
4109:
4058:
3994:
3800:
3678:
3641:
3591:"Ranking Australia's prime ministers"
2566:1975 Australian constitutional crisis
2143:
2076:Whitlam and his deputy, Lance Barnard
1921:vanished while swimming in rough seas
1542:Australian National Quiz Championship
1177:1975 Australian constitutional crisis
1049:
630:
626:
10057:Companions of the Order of Australia
8019:Whitlam Labor Rally 14 November 1975
7852:
7720:, Angus & Robertson Publishers,
7533:
7351:
7272:Planning Proposal LEP Review Stage 2
7225:
7152:
6529:
6264:from the original on 29 January 2019
5996:, williambowles.info, archived from
5973:
5839:
5791:
5779:
5742:
5730:
5718:
5598:
5471:
5459:
5411:
5396:
5384:
5369:
5354:
5195:
5069:
5041:
4857:
4845:
4209:. National Library of Australia. n.d
4028:Bramston, Troy (19 September 2014).
2111:During the two weeks the so-called "
1907:in Victoria, and later that year in
1845:
1547:New South Wales Legislative Assembly
1464:, who had swum for Australia in the
10152:20th-century Australian politicians
10117:Royal Australian Air Force officers
10077:Members of the Cabinet of Australia
7818:, Hachette Australia, Sydney, NSW,
7656:(2008), "Sir John Grey Gorton", in
7387:Williams, Evan (15 November 2008),
7176:Razaghi, Tawar (19 February 2021).
6945:Whitlam, Antony (6 November 2014).
6867:Blanchett, Cate (6 November 2014).
6788:
6688:Gordon, Michael (7 November 2002),
6257:The Honourable Edward Gough WHITLAM
6022:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
2937:1999 Australian republic referendum
2898:Companion of the Order of Australia
2220:vision or his profligate spending.
2028:Labor campaigned under the slogan "
1841:Leader of the Opposition, 1967β1972
1475:Whitlam trained as a navigator and
1427:
867:Australian House of Representatives
24:
7953:, University of Queensland Press,
7743:(2nd ed.). St Leonards, NSW:
7674:Gough Whitlam: A Moment in History
6919:Faulkner, John (6 November 2014).
6763:Griffiths, Emma (3 October 2014).
6350:Whitlam, Gough (8 November 1996),
3889:"Gough Whitlam & Enoch Powell"
3655:"National Trust Heritage Citation"
3337:
3250:Bust of Gough Whitlam by sculptor
3095:From Little Things Big Things Grow
2548:. The state Labor party nominated
1744:wrote that Labor was ruled by "36
25:
10173:
10162:Military personnel from Melbourne
7968:
6893:Pearson, Noel (6 November 2014).
6633:Welch, Dylan (13 February 2008),
6074:Steketee, Mark (1 January 2008),
3370:(Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2002)
2998:five Australia-based TV personnel
2242:
1511:Early political career, 1952β1967
1505:1944 "Fourteen Powers" referendum
1398:officer personnel file dated 1942
600:6 ft 4 in (194 cm)
8453:
8452:
8052:Member of Parliament for Werriwa
7839:, Cheshire Publishing Pty Ltd.,
7835:; Solomon, David Harris (1973),
7502:
7461:
7436:
7410:
7345:
7319:
7293:
7265:"Attachment E: Heritage Studies"
7257:
7245:
7219:
7199:Casben, Liv (22 February 2021).
7192:
7169:
7146:
7134:
7110:McIlroy, Tom (22 October 2014).
7103:
7081:
7062:Dumas, Daisy (6 November 2014).
7055:
7042:
7016:
6990:
6964:
6938:
6912:
6886:
6860:
6834:
6808:
6782:
6756:
6523:
6497:
6426:Marks, Kathy (6 November 1999),
6400:Wright, Tony (21 October 2014).
6393:
6368:
6343:
6275:
6164:
6051:
6031:
6011:
5917:
5760:
5047:
3547:Strangio, Paul (February 2022).
3427:
3242:Legacy and historical evaluation
3092:(their land rights protest song
2892:Later years and death, 1978β2014
2750:Association for Cultural Freedom
2588:
2574:
1491:bombers. He reached the rank of
1265:
1010:
949:enabled under section 57 of the
739:
440:Deputy Leader of the Labor Party
10157:20th-century Australian lawyers
8008:National Film and Sound Archive
7526:
7444:"John Howard rated our best PM"
7389:"The definitive Gough botherer"
7352:Pitt, Helen (2 December 2022).
6718:, 16 March 2012, archived from
6586:, 28 April 2007, archived from
6451:Steger, Jason (10 March 2010),
6260:, It's an Honour, 6 June 1978,
5925:"Mason speaks out on dismissal"
5521:"Fraser fails in censure of PM"
4935:
4743:
4622:
4392:
4332:
4199:
4021:
4000:
3881:
3734:"Gough Whitlam β Before office"
3697:
3533:The Australian Financial Review
3192:Australian Electoral Commission
2925:International Olympic Committee
2810:Return to Opposition, 1975β1978
2536:in his Tasmanian electorate of
2458:caused Australia to ratify the
2305:
2281:Whitlam government was returned
1567:by-election on 29 November 1952
1516:Member of Parliament, 1952β1960
1044:
622:
10002:Attorneys-general of Australia
7417:Strangio, Paul (1 June 2013).
7153:Bell, Matt (22 January 2021).
6997:Clark, Tom (7 November 2014).
6715:Margaret Whitlam dies, aged 92
6295:"Gough Whitlam β After Office"
4762:National Archives of Australia
4351:National Archives of Australia
3647:
3610:
3579:
3540:
3523:
3493:
3419:
2625:On 14 October, Labor minister
2456:Racial Discrimination Act 1975
2367:
2343:
2092:advised the Governor-General,
1645:defection of a Soviet official
1503:and urging the passage of the
1343:Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough
1111:Term of government (1972β1975)
580:Elizabeth Bay, New South Wales
13:
1:
7997:Gurindji Land Ceremony Speech
6789:Cox, Lisa (6 November 2014).
6663:Hanoi, Kathy (10 July 2009),
6352:"The Coup Twenty Years After"
3887:Grosz, Chris; Maloney Shane:
3565:10.1080/10361146.2022.2040426
3481:
3346:(Melbourne: Widescope, 1977).
2921:State Bank of New South Wales
2917:National Gallery of Australia
2754:Congress for Cultural Freedom
2477:The Suharto-Whitlam House in
2201:National Gallery of Australia
2137:Australian Army Training Team
2106:an interim two-man government
2067:
2062:
1913:November half-Senate election
1487:, Northern Territory, flying
1304:
836:governor-general of Australia
10107:Prime ministers of Australia
10047:Australian former Christians
9302:Australian Capital Territory
8246:Prime ministers of Australia
8111:Minister for Foreign Affairs
8023:King George Square, Brisbane
8015: – transcript
7882:, Heinemann, pp. 3β16,
7639:(revised ed.), Viking,
7226:Pitt, Helen (18 June 2021).
6608:Steger, Jason (8 May 2007),
6453:"Comrades do it by the book"
6076:"Carter denied CIA meddling"
5770:, Macmillan 1978, pp 301β308
4764:. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
4353:. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
3486:
3027:
2822:in Sydney, 24 November 1975.
2818:A huge ALP rally overspills
2559:
2413:billion in loans. While the
2320:Whitlam visits US President
2300:Australian Capital Territory
1946:an election for October 1969
1667:", sparked the birth of the
1655:parties was returned in the
1339:Commonwealth Crown Solicitor
928:, and the implementation of
885:. After narrowly losing the
327:Minister for Foreign Affairs
7:
10132:University of Sydney alumni
10052:Australian social democrats
8138:Prime Minister of Australia
8027:State Library of Queensland
7356:. The Sydney Morning Herald
6299:Australia's Prime Ministers
5986:Martin, Ray (23 May 1982),
5118:Australia's Prime Ministers
5114:"Gough Whitlam β In Office"
4413:, 20 December 2012, citing
3801:Crase, Simon (1 May 2008),
3738:Australia's Prime Ministers
3679:Legge, Kate (22 May 2010),
3621:. Oxford University Press.
3374:
3344:On Australia's Constitution
3012:by the then prime minister
2882:an election for 10 December
2489:with Indonesia's President
1580:, who was then told by the
1104:Prime Minister of Australia
820:prime minister of Australia
83:Prime Minister of Australia
10:
10178:
10102:Politicians from Melbourne
10032:Australian anti-communists
9502:Norfolk Island Labor Party
7901:Australian Prime Ministers
7804:Australian Prime Ministers
7662:Australian Prime Ministers
6483:. Black Inc. p. 142.
3963:World War Two Nominal Roll
3260:Ballarat Botanical Gardens
3190:In honour of Whitlam, the
3006:Federal Government apology
2741:
2662:into session until after 1
2563:
2347:
2309:
2238:Whitlam visits China, 1973
2055:
1458:Royal Australian Air Force
1446:Sydney University Regiment
1364:in the suburbs of Sydney.
855:Royal Australian Air Force
844:1975 constitutional crisis
757:Royal Australian Air Force
29:
10142:People from Kew, Victoria
10092:People of the Vietnam War
10027:Australian King's Counsel
9761:
9520:
9449:
9424:
9398:
9391:
9368:Australian Fabian Society
9345:
9290:
9224:
9088:
8997:
8851:
8695:
8504:
8450:
8257:
8203:
8194:
8186:
8181:
8171:
8162:
8154:
8144:
8135:
8127:
8117:
8108:
8100:
8090:
8081:
8073:
8068:
8058:
8049:
8041:
8034:
7423:The Sydney Morning Herald
7068:The Sydney Morning Herald
6976:The Sydney Morning Herald
6951:The Sydney Morning Herald
6925:The Sydney Morning Herald
6899:The Sydney Morning Herald
6873:The Sydney Morning Herald
6847:The Sydney Morning Herald
6640:The Sydney Morning Herald
6509:The Sydney Morning Herald
6406:The Sydney Morning Herald
5157:Barrett, Lindsay (2001),
4416:The Sydney Morning Herald
3709:The Sydney Morning Herald
3596:The Sydney Morning Herald
3505:primeministers.naa.gov.au
3358:(Ringwood: Viking, 1985).
3232:Western Sydney University
3216:Earlwood, New South Wales
3142:and, as the final piece,
3104:Sydney Symphony Orchestra
3100:Sydney Philharmonia Choir
2910:Constitutional Commission
2766:, a prominent CIA front.
2265:constitutional referendum
2207:" by contemporary artist
2178:National Sewerage Program
2119:, and appointed a woman,
2052:Prime Minister, 1972β1975
1991:National Security Advisor
1955:1970 half-Senate election
1919:At the end of 1967, Holt
1466:1938 British Empire Games
1172:Racial Discrimination Act
1122:National Sewerage Program
800:
790:
780:
770:
762:
752:
747:
735:
713:
701:
672:
655:
640:
604:
596:
586:
567:
543:
538:
534:
522:
510:
499:
484:
474:
464:
456:
445:
438:
428:
418:
395:
384:
379:Leader of the Labor Party
377:
365:
353:
343:
332:
325:
313:
301:
293:
262:
251:
239:
229:
210:
200:
189:
182:
170:
158:
130:
109:
99:
88:
80:
76:
64:
41:
8165:Leader of the Opposition
8084:Leader of the Opposition
7307:. Fairfield City Council
5601:Timor: A People Betrayed
4786:Oakes & Solomon 1973
4774:Oakes & Solomon 1973
4564:Oakes & Solomon 1973
4528:Oakes & Solomon 1973
4327:Oakes & Solomon 1973
4083:Oakes & Solomon 1973
4071:Oakes & Solomon 1973
4016:Oakes & Solomon 1973
3931:Oakes & Solomon 1973
3840:Oakes & Solomon 1973
3762:Oakes & Solomon 1973
3412:
3212:a future Canberra suburb
3183:, and broadcast live by
2961:Gough Whitlam with wife
2384:billion increase in the
2083:single transferable vote
1989:the following year. His
1964:Whitlam speaking at the
1887:Leader of the Opposition
1698:Deputy Leader, 1960β1967
1563:House of Representatives
1019:This article is part of
883:Leader of the Opposition
859:during World War II
184:Leader of the Opposition
110:Governors‑General
32:Whitlam (disambiguation)
10127:Treasurers of Australia
9755:Treasurers of Australia
9373:Chifley Research Centre
8036:Parliament of Australia
7947:Whitlam, Gough (1997),
7931:The Truth of the Matter
7929:Whitlam, Gough (1979),
7697:, The Miegunyah Press,
7695:Gough Whitlam: His Time
7676:, The Miegunyah Press,
7613:Edwards, Peter (1997).
7554:Brown, Wallace (2002),
7540:, Bloomsbury Academic,
7419:"The loved and loathed"
6635:"Kevin Rudd says sorry"
6479:Manning, Paddy (2019).
4756:9 November 2014 at the
4345:9 November 2014 at the
3959:"WHITLAM, EDWARD GOUGH"
3402:Second Whitlam Ministry
3350:The Truth of the Matter
3305:economic stabilisation.
3267:The Truth of the Matter
3202:, with effect from the
2941:The Truth of the Matter
2738:Alleged CIA involvement
2521:. At the height of the
1966:Aboriginal Tent Embassy
1377:Canberra Grammar School
1071:Deputy Labor leadership
951:Australian constitution
908:In its first term, the
842:, at the climax of the
71:Official portrait, 1972
10037:Australian republicans
9363:Australian Young Labor
8688:Australian Labor Party
7593:Cotton, James (2004),
7534:Blum, William (2014),
3407:Third Whitlam Ministry
3397:First Whitlam Ministry
3356:The Whitlam Government
3335:
3323:
3307:
3262:
3256:Prime Ministers Avenue
3218:, is named after him.
3037:
2982:
2970:
2846:
2823:
2735:
2643:
2494:
2468:Aboriginal land reform
2325:
2239:
2186:Advance Australia Fair
2157:
2154:Third Whitlam Ministry
2135:. It also ordered the
2077:
2009:
1969:
1896:
1895:Whitlam in August 1971
1855:
1779:White Australia policy
1669:Democratic Labor Party
1647:to his advantage, and
1628:
1533:
1525:
1497:Australian Labor Party
1483:, based mainly on the
1479:, before serving with
1454:attack on Pearl Harbor
1441:
1399:
1314:
1132:Advance Australia Fair
1117:Vietnam War withdrawal
959:1970s global recession
824:Australian Labor Party
10007:Australian barristers
9507:The light on the hill
7981:The Whitlam Institute
7740:The Unmaking of Gough
7579:, Allen & Unwin,
7558:, Longueville Books,
7477:Sydney Morning Herald
7232:Sydney Morning Herald
7157:. The Daily Telegraph
6172:Shame, Whitlam, Shame
4948:Australian Geographic
3331:
3311:
3298:
3249:
3206:. ACT Chief Minister
3169:missing man formation
3135:Symphonie fantastique
3044:November 2014 in the
3035:
2976:
2960:
2868:printed a cartoon by
2841:
2817:
2726:
2671:for at least a year.
2654:and attorney-general
2638:
2476:
2319:
2237:
2151:
2075:
2007:
1963:
1894:
1873:universal health care
1853:
1761:electorate of Denison
1626:
1531:
1523:
1501:1943 federal election
1462:Margaret Elaine Dovey
1435:
1393:
1321:, 46 Rowland Street,
1312:
922:universal health care
914:military conscription
887:1969 federal election
763:Years of service
488:Australian Parliament
10147:People from Canberra
10042:Australian agnostics
7915:, Federation Press,
7143:| Canterbury Council
6356:whitlamdismissal.com
5768:Matters for Judgment
5599:Dunn, James (1996),
4405:7 April 2015 at the
3897:, No 77, April 2012.
3382:The Hon E.G. Whitlam
3271:Matters for Judgment
3238:on 2 December 2022.
2929:2000 Summer Olympics
2927:to award Sydney the
2852:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
2629:, mastermind of the
2499:Carnation Revolution
2023:Battle of Austerlitz
1987:he would visit China
1881:Launceston, Tasmania
1643:, adroitly used the
1481:No. 13 Squadron RAAF
1438:Cooktown, Queensland
1408:University of Sydney
1402:Whitlam enrolled at
1358:Mowbray House School
1050:World War II service
926:university education
901:, after 23 years of
871:member of parliament
869:in 1952, becoming a
832:socially progressive
807:Edward Gough Whitlam
708:University of Sydney
629:; died
548:Edward Gough Whitlam
9487:Federal Labor (NSW)
9353:National Conference
9252:Beazley (1996β2001)
8004:'Kerr's Cur' speech
7913:The Chameleon Crown
7860:, Hill of Content,
7858:The Whitlam Venture
7633:Freudenberg, Graham
7471:(25 October 2014).
7399:on 15 December 2012
7281:on 16 November 2021
7207:on 21 February 2021
6511:. 15 September 2005
6325:, pp. 112β113.
6203:, pp. 142β143.
6191:, pp. 336β338.
6137:, pp. 303β307.
6044:and Troy Bramston,
5952:, pp. 274β275.
5914:, pp. 269β273.
5902:, pp. 295β297.
5878:, pp. 256β257.
5842:, pp. 404β405.
5794:, pp. 386β387.
5782:, pp. 382β383.
5697:, pp. 109β110.
5649:, pp. 107β109.
5510:, pp. 338β340.
5474:, pp. 206β208.
5438:, pp. 128β129.
5399:, pp. 123β124.
5372:, pp. 118β119.
5357:, pp. 100β107.
5210:, pp. 340β341.
5088:on 23 February 2011
5061:. 21 October 2014.
5032:, pp. 258β260.
4884:, pp. 245β246.
4872:, pp. 255β257.
4812:, pp. 393β394.
4740:, pp. 322β323.
4725:, pp. 107β113.
4713:, pp. 110β111.
4701:, pp. 379β380.
4689:, pp. 377β379.
4677:, pp. 197β199.
4619:, pp. 332β335.
4470:, pp. 325β326.
4458:, pp. 321β325.
4434:, pp. 337β339.
4317:, pp. 257β258.
4305:, pp. 250β256.
4278:, pp. 244β248.
4266:, pp. 240β241.
4254:, pp. 235β236.
4242:, pp. 232β233.
4196:, pp. 219β220.
4184:, pp. 218β219.
4172:, pp. 333β334.
4148:, pp. 181β186.
4124:, pp. 177β179.
4112:, pp. 332β333.
3200:Division of Throsby
3196:Division of Whitlam
3001:Whitlam's warning.
2896:Whitlam was made a
2856:Tangshan earthquake
2786:Sir Edward Woodward
2764:The Asia Foundation
2497:Following the 1974
2452:Family Law Act 1975
2378:1973β1975 recession
2257:Joh Bjelke-Petersen
2125:contraceptive pills
1933:for Holt's seat of
1911:in Queensland. The
1733:The Daily Telegraph
1673:preferential voting
1661:industrial groupers
1651:of the Liberal and
1373:Telopea Park School
1362:Knox Grammar School
1075:Labor Party spills
978:subsequent election
970:appropriation bills
875:division of Werriwa
9358:National Executive
9346:Party institutions
9312:Northern Territory
8069:Political offices
8013:"It's Time" speech
7816:Margaret and Gough
7122:on 3 November 2014
7116:The Canberra Times
6179:, 15 November 2005
6048:, 26 December 2015
5566:, 15 December 1977
5183:Art & Antiques
3969:on 25 October 2014
3866:, pp. 59, 64.
3587:Mackerras, Malcolm
3511:on 10 October 2019
3392:Whitlam government
3263:
3156:was followed by a
3116:St Matthew Passion
3098:), as well as the
3058:Graham Freudenberg
3054:Welcome to Country
3038:
3010:Stolen Generations
3008:to the Aboriginal
2983:
2971:
2967:Stolen Generations
2847:
2824:
2800:Warren Christopher
2519:annexed East Timor
2495:
2434:, former mayor of
2326:
2277:double dissolution
2240:
2194:Order of Australia
2190:God Save the Queen
2158:
2144:Enacting a program
2078:
2058:Whitlam government
2010:
1970:
1939:Graham Freudenberg
1897:
1879:ALP Conference in
1856:
1811:Dawson by-election
1629:
1620:", he apologised.
1534:
1526:
1442:
1400:
1315:
1162:Papua independence
938:double dissolution
910:Whitlam government
897:to victory at the
861:, and worked as a
9969:
9968:
9721:
9720:
9512:Tree of Knowledge
9497:Industrial Groups
9445:
9444:
9416:Independent Labor
9383:John Curtin House
9337:Western Australia
9267:Beazley (2005β06)
9237:Whitlam (1975β77)
9232:Whitlam (1967β72)
8653:
8652:
8464:
8463:
8213:
8212:
8204:Succeeded by
8182:Diplomatic posts
8172:Succeeded by
8145:Succeeded by
8118:Succeeded by
8091:Succeeded by
8059:Succeeded by
7960:978-0-7022-2879-7
7950:Abiding Interests
7940:978-0-7139-1291-3
7922:978-1-8628-7629-3
7889:978-0-85859-147-9
7867:978-0-85572-079-7
7846:978-0-7015-1711-3
7825:978-0-7336-3244-0
7745:Allen & Unwin
7727:978-0-207-14860-6
7704:978-0-522-85793-1
7683:978-0-522-85705-4
7658:Grattan, Michelle
7654:Henderson, Gerard
7646:978-0-670-07375-7
7606:978-0-415-33580-5
7586:978-1-86448-169-3
7565:978-1-920681-04-3
7547:978-1-7836-0177-6
7030:. 6 November 2014
6978:. 5 November 2014
6822:. 24 October 2014
6550:Grattan, Michelle
6382:, 22 October 2014
6101:, pp. 49β50.
6064:, 20 January 2016
5927:. 26 August 2012.
5610:978-0-7333-0537-5
5318:, pp. 62β63.
5246:, pp. 48β49.
5222:, pp. 36β37.
5161:, Sydney: Power,
5044:, pp. 58β59.
4972:, pp. 14β15.
4860:, pp. 45β46.
4848:, pp. 39β40.
4542:, pp. 54β55.
4518:, pp. 50β51.
4446:, pp. 95β96.
4400:Vale Ray Gietzelt
3945:, pp. 64β66.
3933:, pp. 48β49.
3878:, pp. 66β67.
3854:, pp. 55β56.
3827:, pp. 33β37.
3791:, pp. 27β28.
3362:Abiding Interests
3275:Abiding Interests
3252:Victor Greenhalgh
3228:Whitlam Institute
2948:Australian Greens
2770:Christopher Boyce
2312:1973 Murphy raids
2131:South Africa and
2046:Western Australia
1846:Reforming the ALP
1795:November election
1586:Benjamin Disraeli
1493:Flight Lieutenant
1436:Gough Whitlam in
1413:The Broken Melody
1404:St Paul's College
1302:
1301:
1167:Family Law reform
1137:1973 Murphy raids
1065:
1037:
1036:
934:Australian Senate
920:, institution of
804:
803:
775:Flight lieutenant
16:(Redirected from
10169:
9748:
9741:
9734:
9725:
9724:
9521:Leadership votes
9396:
9395:
9294:
8979:Anthony Albanese
8842:Anthony Albanese
8733:Matthew Charlton
8699:
8689:
8680:
8673:
8666:
8657:
8656:
8491:
8484:
8477:
8468:
8467:
8456:
8455:
8239:
8232:
8225:
8216:
8215:
8187:Preceded by
8155:Preceded by
8128:Preceded by
8101:Preceded by
8074:Preceded by
8042:Preceded by
8032:
8031:
7991:Dismissal letter
7963:
7943:
7925:
7904:
7892:
7870:
7849:
7828:
7807:
7798:
7766:
7730:
7707:
7686:
7665:
7649:
7628:
7609:
7589:
7568:
7550:
7520:
7506:
7500:
7494:
7488:
7487:
7485:
7483:
7465:
7459:
7458:
7456:
7454:
7440:
7434:
7433:
7431:
7429:
7414:
7408:
7407:
7406:
7404:
7395:, archived from
7384:
7378:
7377:, pp. 1β48.
7372:
7366:
7365:
7363:
7361:
7349:
7343:
7342:
7340:
7338:
7332:
7323:
7317:
7316:
7314:
7312:
7297:
7291:
7290:
7288:
7286:
7280:
7269:
7261:
7255:
7249:
7243:
7242:
7240:
7238:
7223:
7217:
7216:
7214:
7212:
7196:
7190:
7189:
7187:
7185:
7173:
7167:
7166:
7164:
7162:
7150:
7144:
7138:
7132:
7131:
7129:
7127:
7118:. Archived from
7107:
7101:
7100:
7098:
7096:
7085:
7079:
7078:
7076:
7074:
7059:
7053:
7051:
7046:
7040:
7039:
7037:
7035:
7020:
7014:
7013:
7011:
7009:
7003:The Conversation
6994:
6988:
6987:
6985:
6983:
6968:
6962:
6961:
6959:
6957:
6942:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6931:
6916:
6910:
6909:
6907:
6905:
6890:
6884:
6883:
6881:
6879:
6864:
6858:
6857:
6855:
6853:
6838:
6832:
6831:
6829:
6827:
6812:
6806:
6805:
6803:
6801:
6786:
6780:
6779:
6777:
6775:
6760:
6754:
6753:
6752:
6750:
6737:
6731:
6730:
6729:
6727:
6722:on 16 March 2012
6710:
6704:
6703:
6702:
6700:
6685:
6679:
6678:
6677:
6675:
6660:
6651:
6650:
6649:
6647:
6630:
6624:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6605:
6599:
6598:
6597:
6595:
6590:on 30 April 2007
6576:
6570:
6569:
6568:
6566:
6546:
6540:
6539:
6530:Bramston, Troy.
6527:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6516:
6501:
6495:
6494:
6476:
6467:
6466:
6465:
6463:
6448:
6442:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6423:
6417:
6416:
6414:
6412:
6397:
6391:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6372:
6366:
6365:
6364:
6362:
6347:
6341:
6335:
6326:
6320:
6314:
6313:
6312:
6310:
6305:on 17 March 2010
6291:
6282:
6279:
6273:
6272:
6271:
6269:
6252:
6246:
6243:Freudenberg 2009
6240:
6231:
6225:
6216:
6210:
6204:
6198:
6192:
6186:
6180:
6170:Parkinson, Tony
6168:
6162:
6156:
6150:
6144:
6138:
6132:
6126:
6120:
6114:
6108:
6102:
6096:
6090:
6089:
6088:
6086:
6071:
6065:
6055:
6049:
6035:
6029:
6015:
6009:
6008:
6007:
6005:
5983:
5977:
5971:
5965:
5959:
5953:
5947:
5941:
5935:
5929:
5928:
5921:
5915:
5909:
5903:
5897:
5891:
5885:
5879:
5873:
5867:
5861:
5855:
5849:
5843:
5837:
5831:
5825:
5819:
5813:
5807:
5801:
5795:
5789:
5783:
5777:
5771:
5764:
5758:
5755:Freudenberg 2009
5752:
5746:
5740:
5734:
5728:
5722:
5716:
5710:
5704:
5698:
5692:
5686:
5683:Freudenberg 2009
5680:
5674:
5668:
5662:
5656:
5650:
5644:
5638:
5632:
5626:
5620:
5614:
5613:
5596:
5590:
5584:
5575:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5556:
5550:
5547:Freudenberg 2009
5544:
5538:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5517:
5511:
5508:Freudenberg 2009
5505:
5499:
5496:Freudenberg 2009
5493:
5487:
5484:Freudenberg 2009
5481:
5475:
5469:
5463:
5457:
5451:
5448:Freudenberg 2009
5445:
5439:
5433:
5427:
5424:Freudenberg 2009
5421:
5415:
5409:
5400:
5394:
5388:
5382:
5373:
5367:
5358:
5352:
5346:
5340:
5334:
5328:
5319:
5313:
5307:
5301:
5295:
5289:
5283:
5280:Freudenberg 2009
5277:
5271:
5268:Freudenberg 2009
5265:
5259:
5253:
5247:
5241:
5235:
5232:Freudenberg 2009
5229:
5223:
5217:
5211:
5205:
5199:
5193:
5187:
5186:
5178:
5172:
5171:
5154:
5145:
5139:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5124:on 19 April 2013
5110:
5097:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5076:
5067:
5066:
5051:
5045:
5039:
5033:
5030:Freudenberg 2009
5027:
5021:
5018:Freudenberg 2009
5015:
5009:
5006:Freudenberg 2009
5003:
4997:
4991:
4985:
4979:
4973:
4967:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4939:
4933:
4930:Freudenberg 2009
4927:
4921:
4918:Freudenberg 2009
4915:
4909:
4906:Freudenberg 2009
4903:
4897:
4894:Freudenberg 2009
4891:
4885:
4882:Freudenberg 2009
4879:
4873:
4870:Freudenberg 2009
4867:
4861:
4855:
4849:
4843:
4837:
4831:
4825:
4819:
4813:
4807:
4801:
4795:
4789:
4783:
4777:
4771:
4765:
4747:
4741:
4735:
4726:
4720:
4714:
4708:
4702:
4696:
4690:
4684:
4678:
4675:Freudenberg 2009
4672:
4666:
4660:
4654:
4648:
4642:
4641:
4626:
4620:
4614:
4608:
4602:
4591:
4588:Freudenberg 2009
4585:
4579:
4573:
4567:
4561:
4555:
4549:
4543:
4537:
4531:
4525:
4519:
4513:
4507:
4501:
4495:
4489:
4483:
4477:
4471:
4465:
4459:
4453:
4447:
4444:Freudenberg 2009
4441:
4435:
4429:
4420:
4396:
4390:
4387:Freudenberg 2009
4384:
4378:
4372:
4366:
4360:
4354:
4336:
4330:
4324:
4318:
4312:
4306:
4300:
4294:
4288:
4279:
4273:
4267:
4261:
4255:
4249:
4243:
4237:
4231:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4203:
4197:
4191:
4185:
4179:
4173:
4167:
4161:
4155:
4149:
4143:
4137:
4131:
4125:
4119:
4113:
4107:
4101:
4095:
4086:
4080:
4074:
4068:
4062:
4056:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4025:
4019:
4013:
4007:
4004:
3998:
3992:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3955:
3946:
3940:
3934:
3928:
3922:
3916:
3910:
3904:
3898:
3885:
3879:
3873:
3867:
3861:
3855:
3849:
3843:
3837:
3828:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3798:
3792:
3786:
3777:
3771:
3765:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3730:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3676:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3589:(25 June 2010).
3583:
3577:
3576:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3497:
3475:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3423:
3320:
3316:
3236:Anthony Albanese
3173:Vincent Lingiari
3132:, "Un Bal" from
3108:Benjamin Northey
3084:improvisation),
3046:Sydney Town Hall
3043:
2969:in February 2008
2732:
2721:Parliament House
2706:
2698:
2686:
2669:
2665:
2649:
2621:
2616:
2592:
2578:
2514:
2503:Portuguese Timor
2424:casual vacancies
2412:
2383:
2218:
2214:
2099:
2094:Sir Paul Hasluck
2020:
1975:Papua New Guinea
1951:
1832:
1606:Garfield Barwick
1600:"this grizzling
1489:Lockheed Ventura
1428:Military service
1381:Governor-General
1294:
1287:
1280:
1269:
1057:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1023:
1022:
1014:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
986:Hawke government
817:
748:Military service
743:
694:(brother-in-law)
634:
632:
628:
624:
577:
575:
557:
555:
539:Personal details
525:
513:
504:
490:
477:
467:
450:
431:
421:
389:
368:
356:
346:
337:
316:
304:
265:
256:
242:
232:
203:
194:
173:
161:
117:Sir Paul Hasluck
93:
69:
59:
39:
38:
21:
10177:
10176:
10172:
10171:
10170:
10168:
10167:
10166:
9972:
9971:
9970:
9965:
9757:
9752:
9722:
9717:
9516:
9441:
9420:
9387:
9341:
9322:South Australia
9307:New South Wales
9292:
9286:
9225:Shadow cabinets
9220:
9084:
8993:
8984:Tanya Plibersek
8884:Arthur Blakeley
8874:Albert Gardiner
8859:Gregor McGregor
8847:
8697:
8691:
8687:
8684:
8654:
8649:
8500:
8495:
8465:
8460:
8446:
8253:
8243:
8209:
8200:
8192:
8177:
8168:
8160:
8150:
8141:
8133:
8131:William McMahon
8123:
8114:
8106:
8096:
8087:
8079:
8064:
8055:
8047:
7971:
7966:
7961:
7941:
7923:
7897:Sekuless, Peter
7890:
7868:
7847:
7826:
7812:Mitchell, Susan
7787:
7755:
7728:
7705:
7684:
7647:
7625:
7607:
7587:
7577:Life With Gough
7566:
7548:
7529:
7524:
7523:
7507:
7503:
7495:
7491:
7481:
7479:
7466:
7462:
7452:
7450:
7442:
7441:
7437:
7427:
7425:
7415:
7411:
7402:
7400:
7385:
7381:
7373:
7369:
7359:
7357:
7350:
7346:
7336:
7334:
7330:
7324:
7320:
7310:
7308:
7299:
7298:
7294:
7284:
7282:
7278:
7267:
7263:
7262:
7258:
7250:
7246:
7236:
7234:
7224:
7220:
7210:
7208:
7197:
7193:
7183:
7181:
7180:. Domain.com.au
7174:
7170:
7160:
7158:
7151:
7147:
7139:
7135:
7125:
7123:
7108:
7104:
7094:
7092:
7087:
7086:
7082:
7072:
7070:
7060:
7056:
7049:
7047:
7043:
7033:
7031:
7022:
7021:
7017:
7007:
7005:
6995:
6991:
6981:
6979:
6970:
6969:
6965:
6955:
6953:
6943:
6939:
6929:
6927:
6917:
6913:
6903:
6901:
6891:
6887:
6877:
6875:
6865:
6861:
6851:
6849:
6839:
6835:
6825:
6823:
6814:
6813:
6809:
6799:
6797:
6787:
6783:
6773:
6771:
6761:
6757:
6748:
6746:
6739:
6738:
6734:
6725:
6723:
6712:
6711:
6707:
6698:
6696:
6686:
6682:
6673:
6671:
6661:
6654:
6645:
6643:
6631:
6627:
6618:
6616:
6606:
6602:
6593:
6591:
6578:
6577:
6573:
6564:
6562:
6552:(8 July 2006),
6547:
6543:
6528:
6524:
6514:
6512:
6503:
6502:
6498:
6491:
6477:
6470:
6461:
6459:
6449:
6445:
6436:
6434:
6432:The Independent
6424:
6420:
6410:
6408:
6398:
6394:
6385:
6383:
6374:
6373:
6369:
6360:
6358:
6348:
6344:
6336:
6329:
6321:
6317:
6308:
6306:
6293:
6292:
6285:
6280:
6276:
6267:
6265:
6254:
6253:
6249:
6241:
6234:
6226:
6219:
6211:
6207:
6199:
6195:
6187:
6183:
6169:
6165:
6157:
6153:
6145:
6141:
6133:
6129:
6121:
6117:
6109:
6105:
6097:
6093:
6084:
6082:
6072:
6068:
6056:
6052:
6036:
6032:
6016:
6012:
6003:
6001:
5984:
5980:
5972:
5968:
5960:
5956:
5948:
5944:
5936:
5932:
5923:
5922:
5918:
5910:
5906:
5898:
5894:
5886:
5882:
5874:
5870:
5862:
5858:
5850:
5846:
5838:
5834:
5826:
5822:
5814:
5810:
5802:
5798:
5790:
5786:
5778:
5774:
5765:
5761:
5753:
5749:
5741:
5737:
5729:
5725:
5717:
5713:
5705:
5701:
5693:
5689:
5681:
5677:
5669:
5665:
5657:
5653:
5645:
5641:
5633:
5629:
5621:
5617:
5611:
5597:
5593:
5589:, pp. 4β5.
5585:
5578:
5569:
5567:
5558:
5557:
5553:
5545:
5541:
5532:
5530:
5519:
5518:
5514:
5506:
5502:
5494:
5490:
5482:
5478:
5470:
5466:
5458:
5454:
5446:
5442:
5434:
5430:
5422:
5418:
5410:
5403:
5395:
5391:
5383:
5376:
5368:
5361:
5353:
5349:
5341:
5337:
5329:
5322:
5314:
5310:
5302:
5298:
5290:
5286:
5278:
5274:
5266:
5262:
5254:
5250:
5242:
5238:
5230:
5226:
5218:
5214:
5206:
5202:
5194:
5190:
5179:
5175:
5169:
5155:
5148:
5140:
5136:
5127:
5125:
5112:
5111:
5100:
5091:
5089:
5078:
5077:
5070:
5053:
5052:
5048:
5040:
5036:
5028:
5024:
5016:
5012:
5004:
5000:
4992:
4988:
4980:
4976:
4968:
4964:
4954:
4952:
4951:. December 2014
4941:
4940:
4936:
4928:
4924:
4916:
4912:
4904:
4900:
4892:
4888:
4880:
4876:
4868:
4864:
4856:
4852:
4844:
4840:
4832:
4828:
4820:
4816:
4808:
4804:
4796:
4792:
4784:
4780:
4772:
4768:
4758:Wayback Machine
4748:
4744:
4736:
4729:
4721:
4717:
4709:
4705:
4697:
4693:
4685:
4681:
4673:
4669:
4661:
4657:
4649:
4645:
4632:(9 June 2023).
4627:
4623:
4615:
4611:
4603:
4594:
4586:
4582:
4574:
4570:
4562:
4558:
4550:
4546:
4538:
4534:
4526:
4522:
4514:
4510:
4502:
4498:
4490:
4486:
4478:
4474:
4466:
4462:
4454:
4450:
4442:
4438:
4430:
4423:
4407:Wayback Machine
4398:Lawrence, Jeff
4397:
4393:
4385:
4381:
4373:
4369:
4361:
4357:
4347:Wayback Machine
4337:
4333:
4325:
4321:
4313:
4309:
4301:
4297:
4289:
4282:
4274:
4270:
4262:
4258:
4250:
4246:
4238:
4234:
4226:
4222:
4212:
4210:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4192:
4188:
4180:
4176:
4168:
4164:
4156:
4152:
4144:
4140:
4132:
4128:
4120:
4116:
4108:
4104:
4096:
4089:
4081:
4077:
4069:
4065:
4057:
4048:
4038:
4036:
4026:
4022:
4014:
4010:
4005:
4001:
3993:
3982:
3972:
3970:
3957:
3956:
3949:
3941:
3937:
3929:
3925:
3917:
3913:
3905:
3901:
3886:
3882:
3874:
3870:
3862:
3858:
3850:
3846:
3838:
3831:
3823:
3819:
3810:
3808:
3799:
3795:
3787:
3780:
3772:
3768:
3760:
3756:
3747:
3745:
3732:
3731:
3724:
3714:
3712:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3689:
3687:
3677:
3670:
3660:
3658:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3640:
3636:
3629:
3615:
3611:
3601:
3599:
3584:
3580:
3545:
3541:
3528:
3524:
3514:
3512:
3501:"Gough Whitlam"
3499:
3498:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3478:
3468:
3441:
3430:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3415:
3377:
3340:
3338:Published works
3318:
3314:
3244:
3224:Barrie Unsworth
3210:announced that
3106:, conducted by
3048:and was led by
3041:
3030:
2894:
2870:Peter Nicholson
2844:Peter Nicholson
2812:
2746:
2740:
2730:
2704:
2696:
2684:
2667:
2663:
2647:
2619:
2614:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2568:
2562:
2546:Bertie Milliner
2512:
2464:Gurindji people
2410:
2407:Tirath Khemlani
2381:
2374:1973 oil crisis
2370:
2352:
2346:
2314:
2308:
2245:
2216:
2215:million (A$ 1.3
2212:
2209:Jackson Pollock
2152:Members of the
2146:
2121:Elizabeth Evatt
2097:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2042:South Australia
2018:
1995:Henry Kissinger
1985:announced that
1968:, February 1972
1949:
1931:the by-election
1889:
1861:Brian Harradine
1848:
1843:
1830:
1757:John F. Kennedy
1727:West New Guinea
1700:
1627:Whitlam in 1959
1614:William McMahon
1565:in the ensuing
1518:
1513:
1430:
1307:
1298:
1264:
1244:
1211:
1188:
1152:1974 referendum
1142:1973 referendum
1108:
1100:
1054:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1017:
955:1973 oil crisis
916:and the end of
857:for four years
849:Whitlam was an
809:
785:No. 13 Squadron
731:
697:
688:(father-in-law)
668:
636:
620:
616:
613:
587:Political party
578:
573:
572:21 October 2014
571:
559:
553:
551:
550:
549:
523:
511:
505:
500:
491:
486:
475:
465:
451:
446:
429:
419:
414:
390:
385:
366:
354:
344:
338:
333:
314:
302:
289:
286:William McMahon
263:
257:
252:
240:
230:
225:
201:
195:
190:
171:
165:William McMahon
159:
154:
126:
94:
89:
72:
60:
51:
49:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10175:
10165:
10164:
10159:
10154:
10149:
10144:
10139:
10134:
10129:
10124:
10119:
10114:
10109:
10104:
10099:
10094:
10089:
10084:
10079:
10074:
10069:
10064:
10059:
10054:
10049:
10044:
10039:
10034:
10029:
10024:
10019:
10014:
10009:
10004:
9999:
9994:
9989:
9984:
9967:
9966:
9964:
9963:
9958:
9953:
9948:
9943:
9938:
9933:
9928:
9923:
9918:
9913:
9908:
9903:
9898:
9893:
9888:
9883:
9878:
9873:
9868:
9863:
9858:
9853:
9848:
9843:
9838:
9833:
9828:
9823:
9818:
9813:
9808:
9803:
9798:
9793:
9788:
9783:
9778:
9773:
9768:
9762:
9759:
9758:
9751:
9750:
9743:
9736:
9728:
9719:
9718:
9716:
9715:
9710:
9705:
9700:
9695:
9690:
9685:
9680:
9675:
9670:
9665:
9660:
9655:
9650:
9645:
9640:
9635:
9630:
9625:
9620:
9615:
9610:
9605:
9600:
9595:
9590:
9585:
9580:
9575:
9570:
9565:
9560:
9555:
9550:
9545:
9540:
9535:
9530:
9524:
9522:
9518:
9517:
9515:
9514:
9509:
9504:
9499:
9494:
9489:
9484:
9479:
9474:
9469:
9464:
9459:
9453:
9451:
9447:
9446:
9443:
9442:
9440:
9439:
9434:
9428:
9426:
9422:
9421:
9419:
9418:
9413:
9408:
9402:
9400:
9393:
9389:
9388:
9386:
9385:
9380:
9378:Federal Caucus
9375:
9370:
9365:
9360:
9355:
9349:
9347:
9343:
9342:
9340:
9339:
9334:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9298:
9296:
9293:State branches
9288:
9287:
9285:
9284:
9279:
9274:
9269:
9264:
9259:
9254:
9249:
9244:
9239:
9234:
9228:
9226:
9222:
9221:
9219:
9218:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9193:
9188:
9183:
9178:
9173:
9168:
9163:
9158:
9153:
9148:
9143:
9138:
9133:
9128:
9123:
9118:
9113:
9108:
9103:
9098:
9092:
9090:
9086:
9085:
9083:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9067:
9062:
9057:
9052:
9047:
9042:
9037:
9032:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9012:
9007:
9001:
8999:
8995:
8994:
8992:
8991:
8989:Richard Marles
8986:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8946:
8941:
8936:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8916:
8911:
8906:
8904:Arthur Calwell
8901:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8881:
8876:
8871:
8866:
8861:
8855:
8853:
8852:Deputy leaders
8849:
8848:
8846:
8845:
8838:
8833:
8826:
8819:
8812:
8807:
8802:
8797:
8792:
8785:
8778:
8773:
8766:
8764:Arthur Calwell
8761:
8756:
8749:
8742:
8735:
8730:
8725:
8718:
8711:
8703:
8701:
8693:
8692:
8683:
8682:
8675:
8668:
8660:
8651:
8650:
8648:
8647:
8640:
8635:
8628:
8621:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8587:
8580:
8575:
8568:
8563:
8558:
8551:
8544:
8537:
8532:
8527:
8520:
8513:
8505:
8502:
8501:
8494:
8493:
8486:
8479:
8471:
8462:
8461:
8451:
8448:
8447:
8445:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8409:
8404:
8399:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8379:
8374:
8369:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8258:
8255:
8254:
8242:
8241:
8234:
8227:
8219:
8211:
8210:
8205:
8202:
8193:
8188:
8184:
8183:
8179:
8178:
8173:
8170:
8161:
8158:Malcolm Fraser
8156:
8152:
8151:
8148:Malcolm Fraser
8146:
8143:
8134:
8129:
8125:
8124:
8119:
8116:
8107:
8102:
8098:
8097:
8092:
8089:
8080:
8077:Arthur Calwell
8075:
8071:
8070:
8066:
8065:
8060:
8057:
8048:
8045:Bert Lazzarini
8043:
8039:
8038:
8030:
8029:
8016:
8010:
8000:
7994:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7970:
7969:External links
7967:
7965:
7964:
7959:
7944:
7939:
7933:, Allen Lane,
7926:
7921:
7905:
7893:
7888:
7871:
7866:
7850:
7845:
7829:
7824:
7808:
7799:
7785:
7767:
7753:
7731:
7726:
7708:
7703:
7691:Hocking, Jenny
7687:
7682:
7670:Hocking, Jenny
7666:
7650:
7645:
7629:
7623:
7610:
7605:
7590:
7585:
7569:
7564:
7551:
7546:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7522:
7521:
7501:
7499:, p. 120.
7489:
7460:
7435:
7409:
7393:The Australian
7379:
7367:
7344:
7318:
7292:
7256:
7244:
7218:
7191:
7168:
7145:
7133:
7102:
7080:
7054:
7041:
7028:ABC Classic FM
7015:
6989:
6963:
6937:
6911:
6885:
6859:
6833:
6807:
6781:
6755:
6732:
6705:
6680:
6652:
6625:
6614:The Australian
6600:
6571:
6541:
6536:The Australian
6522:
6496:
6489:
6468:
6443:
6418:
6392:
6380:The Australian
6367:
6342:
6340:, p. 316.
6327:
6315:
6283:
6274:
6247:
6245:, p. 461.
6232:
6230:, p. 355.
6217:
6215:, p. 352.
6205:
6193:
6181:
6163:
6161:, p. 321.
6151:
6149:, p. 315.
6139:
6127:
6125:, p. 303.
6115:
6113:, p. 302.
6103:
6091:
6080:The Australian
6066:
6050:
6046:The Australian
6030:
6010:
5978:
5976:, p. 248.
5966:
5964:, p. 275.
5954:
5942:
5940:, p. 348.
5930:
5916:
5904:
5892:
5890:, p. 295.
5880:
5868:
5866:, p. 256.
5856:
5854:, p. 108.
5844:
5832:
5830:, p. 225.
5820:
5818:, p. 217.
5808:
5806:, p. 215.
5796:
5784:
5772:
5759:
5757:, p. 390.
5747:
5745:, p. 376.
5735:
5733:, p. 372.
5723:
5721:, p. 377.
5711:
5709:, p. 112.
5699:
5687:
5685:, p. 389.
5675:
5673:, p. 267.
5663:
5661:, p. 109.
5651:
5639:
5637:, p. 345.
5627:
5625:, p. 106.
5615:
5609:
5591:
5576:
5551:
5549:, p. 342.
5539:
5512:
5500:
5498:, p. 317.
5488:
5486:, p. 315.
5476:
5464:
5462:, p. 206.
5452:
5450:, p. 348.
5440:
5428:
5426:, p. 308.
5416:
5414:, p. 183.
5401:
5389:
5387:, p. 160.
5374:
5359:
5347:
5345:, p. 125.
5335:
5333:, p. 124.
5320:
5308:
5296:
5294:, p. 154.
5284:
5282:, p. 305.
5272:
5270:, p. 299.
5260:
5248:
5236:
5234:, p. 255.
5224:
5212:
5200:
5198:, p. 224.
5188:
5173:
5167:
5146:
5144:, p. 122.
5134:
5098:
5068:
5046:
5034:
5022:
5020:, p. 257.
5010:
5008:, p. 253.
4998:
4996:, p. 320.
4986:
4984:, p. 119.
4974:
4962:
4934:
4932:, p. 247.
4922:
4920:, p. 252.
4910:
4908:, p. 251.
4898:
4896:, p. 246.
4886:
4874:
4862:
4850:
4838:
4836:, p. 387.
4826:
4824:, p. 385.
4814:
4802:
4800:, p. 384.
4790:
4778:
4766:
4749:Hancock, Ian.
4742:
4727:
4715:
4703:
4691:
4679:
4667:
4665:, p. 110.
4655:
4653:, p. 365.
4643:
4621:
4609:
4592:
4590:, p. 127.
4580:
4578:, p. 307.
4576:Henderson 2008
4568:
4556:
4544:
4532:
4520:
4508:
4506:, p. 337.
4496:
4484:
4472:
4460:
4448:
4436:
4421:
4391:
4379:
4367:
4365:, p. 271.
4355:
4338:Hancock, Ian.
4331:
4319:
4307:
4295:
4293:, p. 248.
4280:
4268:
4256:
4244:
4232:
4230:, p. 334.
4220:
4198:
4186:
4174:
4162:
4160:, p. 333.
4150:
4138:
4136:, p. 181.
4126:
4114:
4102:
4100:, p. 172.
4087:
4075:
4063:
4061:, p. 331.
4046:
4034:The Australian
4020:
4008:
3999:
3997:, p. 330.
3980:
3947:
3935:
3923:
3911:
3899:
3880:
3868:
3856:
3844:
3829:
3817:
3807:, ABC Ballarat
3793:
3778:
3766:
3754:
3744:on 22 May 2019
3722:
3696:
3685:The Australian
3668:
3646:
3644:, p. 424.
3634:
3627:
3609:
3578:
3559:(2): 180β198.
3539:
3522:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3385:, painting by
3376:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3365:
3359:
3353:
3347:
3339:
3336:
3243:
3240:
3208:Katy Gallagher
3165:F/A-18 Hornets
3078:William Barton
3074:Antony Whitlam
3062:Cate Blanchett
3029:
3026:
2893:
2890:
2811:
2808:
2742:Main article:
2739:
2736:
2709:Gordon Scholes
2596:Malcolm Fraser
2594:
2587:
2586:
2580:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2564:Main article:
2561:
2558:
2441:Malcolm Fraser
2432:Cleaver Bunton
2390:credit squeeze
2369:
2366:
2348:Main article:
2345:
2342:
2338:DΕΎemal BijediΔ
2310:Main article:
2307:
2304:
2244:
2243:Early troubles
2241:
2182:AlburyβWodonga
2145:
2142:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2053:
2050:
2038:Rupert Murdoch
1944:Gorton called
1901:shadow cabinet
1888:
1885:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1769:The Australian
1753:early election
1704:Arthur Calwell
1699:
1696:
1641:Robert Menzies
1610:Bill Wentworth
1551:Bert Lazzarini
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1485:Gove Peninsula
1448:, part of the
1429:
1426:
1325:, a suburb of
1306:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1182:Palace letters
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1021:a series about
1015:
974:Malcolm Fraser
879:Arthur Calwell
802:
801:
798:
797:
792:
788:
787:
782:
778:
777:
772:
768:
767:
764:
760:
759:
754:
753:Branch/service
750:
749:
745:
744:
737:
733:
732:
730:
729:
726:
723:
717:
715:
711:
710:
705:
699:
698:
696:
695:
689:
683:
676:
674:
670:
669:
667:
666:
659:
657:
653:
652:
642:
638:
637:
618:
614:
611:Margaret Dovey
609:
608:
606:
602:
601:
598:
594:
593:
588:
584:
583:
576:(aged 98)
569:
565:
564:
547:
545:
541:
540:
536:
535:
532:
531:
526:
520:
519:
517:Bert Lazzarini
514:
508:
507:
497:
496:
485:Member of the
482:
481:
478:
472:
471:
470:Arthur Calwell
468:
462:
461:
460:Arthur Calwell
458:
454:
453:
443:
442:
436:
435:
432:
426:
425:
424:Arthur Calwell
422:
416:
415:
413:
412:
409:
406:
403:
399:
397:
393:
392:
382:
381:
375:
374:
369:
363:
362:
357:
351:
350:
347:
345:Prime Minister
341:
340:
330:
329:
323:
322:
317:
311:
310:
308:Arthur Calwell
305:
299:
298:
295:
291:
290:
288:
287:
284:
279:
274:
268:
266:
264:Prime Minister
260:
259:
249:
248:
243:
237:
236:
235:Malcolm Fraser
233:
227:
226:
224:
223:
218:
214:
212:
208:
207:
206:Malcolm Fraser
204:
202:Prime Minister
198:
197:
187:
186:
180:
179:
177:Malcolm Fraser
174:
168:
167:
162:
156:
155:
153:
152:
147:
142:
136:
134:
128:
127:
125:
124:
119:
113:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
86:
85:
78:
77:
74:
73:
70:
62:
61:
50:
47:
44:The Honourable
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10174:
10163:
10160:
10158:
10155:
10153:
10150:
10148:
10145:
10143:
10140:
10138:
10135:
10133:
10130:
10128:
10125:
10123:
10120:
10118:
10115:
10113:
10110:
10108:
10105:
10103:
10100:
10098:
10095:
10093:
10090:
10088:
10085:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10068:
10065:
10063:
10060:
10058:
10055:
10053:
10050:
10048:
10045:
10043:
10040:
10038:
10035:
10033:
10030:
10028:
10025:
10023:
10020:
10018:
10015:
10013:
10010:
10008:
10005:
10003:
10000:
9998:
9995:
9993:
9990:
9988:
9985:
9983:
9982:Gough Whitlam
9980:
9979:
9977:
9962:
9959:
9957:
9954:
9952:
9949:
9947:
9944:
9942:
9939:
9937:
9934:
9932:
9929:
9927:
9924:
9922:
9919:
9917:
9914:
9912:
9909:
9907:
9904:
9902:
9899:
9897:
9894:
9892:
9889:
9887:
9884:
9882:
9879:
9877:
9874:
9872:
9869:
9867:
9864:
9862:
9859:
9857:
9854:
9852:
9849:
9847:
9844:
9842:
9839:
9837:
9834:
9832:
9829:
9827:
9824:
9822:
9819:
9817:
9814:
9812:
9809:
9807:
9804:
9802:
9799:
9797:
9794:
9792:
9789:
9787:
9784:
9782:
9779:
9777:
9774:
9772:
9769:
9767:
9764:
9763:
9760:
9756:
9749:
9744:
9742:
9737:
9735:
9730:
9729:
9726:
9714:
9711:
9709:
9706:
9704:
9701:
9699:
9696:
9694:
9691:
9689:
9686:
9684:
9681:
9679:
9676:
9674:
9671:
9669:
9666:
9664:
9661:
9659:
9656:
9654:
9651:
9649:
9646:
9644:
9641:
9639:
9636:
9634:
9631:
9629:
9626:
9624:
9621:
9619:
9616:
9614:
9611:
9609:
9606:
9604:
9601:
9599:
9596:
9594:
9591:
9589:
9586:
9584:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9574:
9571:
9569:
9566:
9564:
9561:
9559:
9556:
9554:
9551:
9549:
9546:
9544:
9541:
9539:
9536:
9534:
9531:
9529:
9526:
9525:
9523:
9519:
9513:
9510:
9508:
9505:
9503:
9500:
9498:
9495:
9493:
9490:
9488:
9485:
9483:
9480:
9478:
9475:
9473:
9470:
9468:
9465:
9463:
9460:
9458:
9455:
9454:
9452:
9448:
9438:
9435:
9433:
9432:Ferguson Left
9430:
9429:
9427:
9423:
9417:
9414:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9404:
9403:
9401:
9397:
9394:
9390:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9371:
9369:
9366:
9364:
9361:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9351:
9350:
9348:
9344:
9338:
9335:
9333:
9330:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9299:
9297:
9295:
9289:
9283:
9280:
9278:
9275:
9273:
9270:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9255:
9253:
9250:
9248:
9245:
9243:
9240:
9238:
9235:
9233:
9230:
9229:
9227:
9223:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9199:
9197:
9194:
9192:
9189:
9187:
9184:
9182:
9179:
9177:
9174:
9172:
9169:
9167:
9164:
9162:
9159:
9157:
9154:
9152:
9149:
9147:
9144:
9142:
9139:
9137:
9134:
9132:
9129:
9127:
9124:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9112:
9109:
9107:
9104:
9102:
9099:
9097:
9094:
9093:
9091:
9087:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9033:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9002:
9000:
8996:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8969:Julia Gillard
8967:
8965:
8964:Jenny Macklin
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8914:Lance Barnard
8912:
8910:
8909:Gough Whitlam
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8879:James Scullin
8877:
8875:
8872:
8870:
8869:George Pearce
8867:
8865:
8862:
8860:
8857:
8856:
8854:
8850:
8844:
8843:
8839:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8831:
8827:
8825:
8824:
8823:Julia Gillard
8820:
8818:
8817:
8813:
8811:
8808:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8798:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8790:
8786:
8784:
8783:
8779:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8771:
8770:Gough Whitlam
8767:
8765:
8762:
8760:
8757:
8755:
8754:
8750:
8748:
8747:
8743:
8741:
8740:
8739:James Scullin
8736:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8724:
8723:
8719:
8717:
8716:
8715:Andrew Fisher
8712:
8710:
8709:
8705:
8704:
8702:
8700:
8694:
8690:
8681:
8676:
8674:
8669:
8667:
8662:
8661:
8658:
8646:
8645:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8633:
8629:
8627:
8626:
8622:
8620:
8619:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8592:
8588:
8586:
8585:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8573:
8569:
8567:
8564:
8562:
8559:
8557:
8556:
8552:
8550:
8549:
8545:
8543:
8542:
8538:
8536:
8533:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8525:
8521:
8519:
8518:
8514:
8512:
8511:
8507:
8506:
8503:
8499:
8492:
8487:
8485:
8480:
8478:
8473:
8472:
8469:
8459:
8449:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8395:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8375:
8373:
8370:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8360:
8358:
8355:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8259:
8256:
8251:
8247:
8240:
8235:
8233:
8228:
8226:
8221:
8220:
8217:
8208:
8199:
8198:
8191:
8185:
8180:
8176:
8167:
8166:
8159:
8153:
8149:
8140:
8139:
8132:
8126:
8122:
8113:
8112:
8105:
8099:
8095:
8094:Billy Snedden
8086:
8085:
8078:
8072:
8067:
8063:
8054:
8053:
8046:
8040:
8037:
8033:
8028:
8024:
8020:
8017:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8005:
8001:
7998:
7995:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7976:
7975:Gough Whitlam
7973:
7972:
7962:
7956:
7952:
7951:
7945:
7942:
7936:
7932:
7927:
7924:
7918:
7914:
7910:
7906:
7902:
7898:
7894:
7891:
7885:
7881:
7877:
7876:Evans, Gareth
7872:
7869:
7863:
7859:
7855:
7851:
7848:
7842:
7838:
7834:
7833:Oakes, Laurie
7830:
7827:
7821:
7817:
7813:
7809:
7805:
7800:
7796:
7792:
7788:
7786:1-86373-987-4
7782:
7778:
7777:
7772:
7768:
7764:
7760:
7756:
7754:1-86373-788-X
7750:
7746:
7742:
7741:
7736:
7732:
7729:
7723:
7719:
7718:
7717:The Dismissal
7713:
7709:
7706:
7700:
7696:
7692:
7688:
7685:
7679:
7675:
7671:
7667:
7663:
7659:
7655:
7651:
7648:
7642:
7638:
7634:
7630:
7626:
7624:1-86448-282-6
7620:
7616:
7611:
7608:
7602:
7599:, Routledge,
7598:
7597:
7591:
7588:
7582:
7578:
7574:
7570:
7567:
7561:
7557:
7552:
7549:
7543:
7539:
7538:
7532:
7531:
7518:
7514:
7513:John Faulkner
7510:
7505:
7498:
7493:
7478:
7474:
7470:
7469:Gittins, Ross
7464:
7449:
7445:
7439:
7424:
7420:
7413:
7398:
7394:
7390:
7383:
7376:
7371:
7355:
7348:
7329:
7322:
7306:
7302:
7296:
7277:
7273:
7266:
7260:
7253:
7248:
7233:
7229:
7222:
7206:
7202:
7195:
7179:
7172:
7156:
7149:
7142:
7137:
7121:
7117:
7113:
7106:
7090:
7084:
7069:
7065:
7058:
7045:
7029:
7025:
7019:
7004:
7000:
6993:
6977:
6973:
6967:
6952:
6948:
6941:
6926:
6922:
6915:
6900:
6896:
6889:
6874:
6870:
6863:
6848:
6844:
6837:
6821:
6817:
6811:
6796:
6792:
6785:
6770:
6766:
6759:
6744:
6743:
6736:
6721:
6717:
6716:
6709:
6695:
6691:
6684:
6670:
6666:
6659:
6657:
6642:
6641:
6636:
6629:
6615:
6611:
6604:
6589:
6585:
6581:
6575:
6561:
6560:
6555:
6551:
6545:
6537:
6533:
6526:
6510:
6506:
6500:
6492:
6490:9781863959520
6486:
6482:
6475:
6473:
6458:
6454:
6447:
6433:
6429:
6422:
6407:
6403:
6396:
6381:
6377:
6371:
6357:
6353:
6346:
6339:
6334:
6332:
6324:
6319:
6304:
6300:
6296:
6290:
6288:
6278:
6263:
6259:
6258:
6251:
6244:
6239:
6237:
6229:
6224:
6222:
6214:
6209:
6202:
6197:
6190:
6185:
6178:
6177:
6173:
6167:
6160:
6155:
6148:
6143:
6136:
6131:
6124:
6119:
6112:
6107:
6100:
6095:
6081:
6077:
6070:
6063:
6062:The Spectator
6059:
6054:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6034:
6028:25 July 2009.
6027:
6023:
6019:
6014:
6000:on 1 May 2009
5999:
5995:
5994:
5990:
5982:
5975:
5970:
5963:
5958:
5951:
5946:
5939:
5934:
5926:
5920:
5913:
5908:
5901:
5896:
5889:
5884:
5877:
5872:
5865:
5860:
5853:
5848:
5841:
5836:
5829:
5824:
5817:
5812:
5805:
5800:
5793:
5788:
5781:
5776:
5769:
5763:
5756:
5751:
5744:
5739:
5732:
5727:
5720:
5715:
5708:
5703:
5696:
5691:
5684:
5679:
5672:
5667:
5660:
5655:
5648:
5643:
5636:
5631:
5624:
5619:
5612:
5606:
5602:
5595:
5588:
5583:
5581:
5565:
5561:
5555:
5548:
5543:
5529:, 14 May 1975
5528:
5527:
5522:
5516:
5509:
5504:
5497:
5492:
5485:
5480:
5473:
5468:
5461:
5456:
5449:
5444:
5437:
5432:
5425:
5420:
5413:
5408:
5406:
5398:
5393:
5386:
5381:
5379:
5371:
5366:
5364:
5356:
5351:
5344:
5339:
5332:
5327:
5325:
5317:
5312:
5306:, p. 60.
5305:
5300:
5293:
5288:
5281:
5276:
5269:
5264:
5258:, p. 49.
5257:
5252:
5245:
5240:
5233:
5228:
5221:
5216:
5209:
5204:
5197:
5192:
5184:
5177:
5170:
5164:
5160:
5153:
5151:
5143:
5138:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5109:
5107:
5105:
5103:
5087:
5083:
5082:
5075:
5073:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5050:
5043:
5038:
5031:
5026:
5019:
5014:
5007:
5002:
4995:
4990:
4983:
4978:
4971:
4966:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4938:
4931:
4926:
4919:
4914:
4907:
4902:
4895:
4890:
4883:
4878:
4871:
4866:
4859:
4854:
4847:
4842:
4835:
4830:
4823:
4818:
4811:
4806:
4799:
4794:
4788:, p. 87.
4787:
4782:
4776:, p. 89.
4775:
4770:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4752:
4746:
4739:
4738:Sekuless 2008
4734:
4732:
4724:
4719:
4712:
4707:
4700:
4695:
4688:
4683:
4676:
4671:
4664:
4659:
4652:
4647:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4625:
4618:
4613:
4607:, p. 94.
4606:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4589:
4584:
4577:
4572:
4566:, p. 36.
4565:
4560:
4554:, p. 78.
4553:
4548:
4541:
4536:
4530:, p. 10.
4529:
4524:
4517:
4512:
4505:
4500:
4494:, p. 12.
4493:
4488:
4481:
4476:
4469:
4464:
4457:
4452:
4445:
4440:
4433:
4428:
4426:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4401:
4395:
4389:, p. 95.
4388:
4383:
4376:
4371:
4364:
4359:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4341:
4335:
4329:, p. 59.
4328:
4323:
4316:
4311:
4304:
4299:
4292:
4287:
4285:
4277:
4272:
4265:
4260:
4253:
4248:
4241:
4236:
4229:
4224:
4208:
4202:
4195:
4190:
4183:
4178:
4171:
4166:
4159:
4154:
4147:
4142:
4135:
4130:
4123:
4118:
4111:
4106:
4099:
4094:
4092:
4085:, p. 54.
4084:
4079:
4073:, p. 50.
4072:
4067:
4060:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4035:
4031:
4024:
4018:, p. 53.
4017:
4012:
4003:
3996:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3954:
3952:
3944:
3943:Mitchell 2014
3939:
3932:
3927:
3921:, p. 80.
3920:
3915:
3909:, p. 73.
3908:
3903:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3884:
3877:
3872:
3865:
3860:
3853:
3848:
3842:, p. 48.
3841:
3836:
3834:
3826:
3821:
3806:
3805:
3797:
3790:
3785:
3783:
3776:, p. 25.
3775:
3770:
3764:, p. 49.
3763:
3758:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3727:
3711:. 1 June 2018
3710:
3706:
3700:
3686:
3682:
3675:
3673:
3656:
3650:
3643:
3638:
3630:
3628:9780199666423
3624:
3620:
3613:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3543:
3535:
3534:
3526:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3496:
3492:
3473:
3472:
3462:
3422:
3418:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3334:
3330:
3328:
3322:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3290:Ross McMullin
3287:
3286:Jenny Hocking
3282:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3204:2016 election
3201:
3197:
3193:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3070:John Faulkner
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3050:Kerry O'Brien
3047:
3034:
3025:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3002:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2988:
2980:
2975:
2968:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2845:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2830:
2821:
2816:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2734:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2702:
2693:
2691:
2680:
2677:
2672:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2652:Maurice Byers
2642:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2610:
2608:
2597:
2591:
2583:
2577:
2567:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2479:Dieng Plateau
2475:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2386:trade deficit
2379:
2375:
2365:
2363:
2358:
2351:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2330:Lionel Murphy
2323:
2322:Richard Nixon
2318:
2313:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2288:joint sitting
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2261:Torres Strait
2258:
2254:
2250:
2249:Billy Snedden
2236:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2225:Cyclone Tracy
2221:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2199:In 1973, the
2197:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2162:
2155:
2150:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2102:Lance Barnard
2095:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2074:
2059:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2016:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1983:Richard Nixon
1980:
1976:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1956:
1947:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1893:
1884:
1882:
1876:
1874:
1868:
1864:
1862:
1852:
1838:
1836:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1807:Rex Patterson
1804:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1716:1961 election
1713:
1709:
1705:
1695:
1692:
1691:Jenny Hocking
1687:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1657:1954 election
1654:
1650:
1649:his coalition
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1574:maiden speech
1570:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1530:
1522:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1439:
1434:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1311:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1031:
1029:Gough Whitlam
1016:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
982:1977 election
979:
975:
971:
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
947:joint sitting
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
906:
904:
900:
899:1972 election
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
873:(MP) for the
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
851:air navigator
847:
845:
841:
840:Sir John Kerr
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
816:
812:
808:
799:
796:
793:
789:
786:
783:
779:
776:
773:
769:
765:
761:
758:
755:
751:
746:
742:
738:
734:
727:
724:
722:
719:
718:
716:
712:
709:
706:
704:
700:
693:
692:William Dovey
690:
687:
684:
681:
680:Freda Whitlam
678:
677:
675:
671:
664:
661:
660:
658:
654:
651:
647:
644:4, including
643:
639:
612:
607:
603:
599:
595:
592:
589:
585:
581:
570:
566:
562:
561:Kew, Victoria
546:
542:
537:
533:
530:
527:
521:
518:
515:
509:
503:
498:
495:
489:
483:
480:Lance Barnard
479:
473:
469:
463:
459:
455:
449:
444:
441:
437:
433:
427:
423:
417:
410:
407:
404:
402:Lance Barnard
401:
400:
398:
394:
388:
383:
380:
376:
373:
370:
364:
361:
358:
352:
348:
342:
336:
331:
328:
324:
321:
320:Billy Snedden
318:
312:
309:
306:
300:
297:Lance Barnard
296:
292:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
269:
267:
261:
255:
250:
247:
244:
238:
234:
228:
222:
219:
216:
215:
213:
209:
205:
199:
193:
188:
185:
181:
178:
175:
169:
166:
163:
157:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
140:Lance Barnard
138:
137:
135:
133:
129:
123:
122:Sir John Kerr
120:
118:
115:
114:
112:
108:
105:
102:
98:
92:
87:
84:
79:
75:
68:
63:
58:
54:
48:Gough Whitlam
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
9880:
9492:Gang of Four
9482:Faceless men
8954:Gareth Evans
8939:Paul Keating
8934:Lionel Bowen
8908:
8889:Ted Theodore
8864:Billy Hughes
8840:
8836:Bill Shorten
8828:
8821:
8814:
8789:Paul Keating
8787:
8780:
8769:
8768:
8751:
8744:
8737:
8722:Billy Hughes
8720:
8713:
8708:Chris Watson
8706:
8642:
8630:
8623:
8616:
8589:
8582:
8571:
8570:
8553:
8546:
8539:
8522:
8515:
8508:
8386:
8207:Charles Mott
8195:
8190:Owen Harries
8163:
8136:
8121:Don Willesee
8109:
8082:
8050:
7949:
7930:
7912:
7909:Twomey, Anne
7900:
7879:
7857:
7836:
7815:
7803:
7775:
7739:
7716:
7694:
7673:
7661:
7636:
7614:
7595:
7576:
7573:Cohen, Barry
7555:
7536:
7527:Bibliography
7508:
7504:
7492:
7480:. Retrieved
7476:
7463:
7451:. Retrieved
7447:
7438:
7426:. Retrieved
7422:
7412:
7401:, retrieved
7397:the original
7392:
7382:
7375:Whitlam 1997
7370:
7358:. Retrieved
7347:
7335:. Retrieved
7321:
7309:. Retrieved
7304:
7295:
7283:. Retrieved
7276:the original
7271:
7259:
7247:
7235:. Retrieved
7231:
7221:
7209:. Retrieved
7205:the original
7194:
7182:. Retrieved
7171:
7159:. Retrieved
7148:
7136:
7124:. Retrieved
7120:the original
7115:
7105:
7093:. Retrieved
7083:
7071:. Retrieved
7067:
7057:
7044:
7032:. Retrieved
7018:
7006:. Retrieved
6992:
6980:. Retrieved
6975:
6966:
6954:. Retrieved
6950:
6940:
6928:. Retrieved
6924:
6914:
6902:. Retrieved
6898:
6888:
6876:. Retrieved
6872:
6862:
6850:. Retrieved
6846:
6836:
6824:. Retrieved
6819:
6810:
6800:22 September
6798:. Retrieved
6794:
6784:
6772:. Retrieved
6768:
6758:
6747:, retrieved
6741:
6735:
6724:, retrieved
6720:the original
6714:
6708:
6697:, retrieved
6693:
6683:
6672:, retrieved
6668:
6644:, retrieved
6638:
6628:
6617:, retrieved
6613:
6603:
6592:, retrieved
6588:the original
6583:
6574:
6563:, retrieved
6557:
6544:
6535:
6525:
6515:25 September
6513:. Retrieved
6508:
6499:
6480:
6460:, retrieved
6456:
6446:
6435:, retrieved
6431:
6421:
6409:. Retrieved
6405:
6395:
6384:, retrieved
6379:
6370:
6359:, retrieved
6355:
6345:
6318:
6307:, retrieved
6303:the original
6298:
6277:
6266:, retrieved
6256:
6250:
6208:
6196:
6184:
6174:
6166:
6154:
6142:
6130:
6118:
6106:
6099:Whitlam 1997
6094:
6083:, retrieved
6079:
6069:
6058:Kerr's curse
6053:
6033:
6013:
6004:24 September
6002:, retrieved
5998:the original
5992:
5988:
5981:
5969:
5957:
5945:
5938:Hocking 2012
5933:
5919:
5907:
5895:
5883:
5871:
5859:
5852:Whitlam 1979
5847:
5835:
5823:
5811:
5799:
5787:
5775:
5767:
5762:
5750:
5738:
5726:
5714:
5702:
5690:
5678:
5666:
5654:
5642:
5630:
5618:
5600:
5594:
5568:, retrieved
5564:The Dispatch
5563:
5554:
5542:
5531:, retrieved
5524:
5515:
5503:
5491:
5479:
5467:
5455:
5443:
5431:
5419:
5392:
5350:
5338:
5311:
5299:
5292:Hocking 2012
5287:
5275:
5263:
5251:
5239:
5227:
5215:
5203:
5191:
5182:
5176:
5158:
5137:
5126:, retrieved
5122:the original
5117:
5090:, retrieved
5086:the original
5080:
5049:
5037:
5025:
5013:
5001:
4994:Edwards 1997
4989:
4977:
4965:
4953:. Retrieved
4946:
4937:
4925:
4913:
4901:
4889:
4877:
4865:
4853:
4841:
4834:Hocking 2008
4829:
4822:Hocking 2008
4817:
4810:Hocking 2008
4805:
4798:Hocking 2008
4793:
4781:
4769:
4745:
4718:
4706:
4699:Hocking 2008
4694:
4687:Hocking 2008
4682:
4670:
4658:
4651:Hocking 2008
4646:
4630:Antony Green
4624:
4617:Hocking 2008
4612:
4583:
4571:
4559:
4547:
4535:
4523:
4511:
4499:
4487:
4482:, p. 3.
4475:
4468:Hocking 2008
4463:
4456:Hocking 2008
4451:
4439:
4414:
4411:United Voice
4394:
4382:
4377:, p. 3.
4370:
4363:Hocking 2008
4358:
4334:
4322:
4315:Hocking 2008
4310:
4303:Hocking 2008
4298:
4291:Hocking 2008
4276:Hocking 2008
4271:
4264:Hocking 2008
4259:
4252:Hocking 2008
4247:
4240:Hocking 2008
4235:
4223:
4211:. Retrieved
4201:
4194:Hocking 2008
4189:
4182:Hocking 2008
4177:
4165:
4153:
4146:Hocking 2008
4141:
4134:Hocking 2008
4129:
4122:Hocking 2008
4117:
4105:
4098:Hocking 2008
4078:
4066:
4037:. Retrieved
4033:
4023:
4011:
4002:
3971:. Retrieved
3967:the original
3962:
3938:
3926:
3919:Hocking 2008
3914:
3907:Hocking 2008
3902:
3892:
3883:
3876:Hocking 2008
3871:
3864:Hocking 2008
3859:
3852:Hocking 2008
3847:
3825:Hocking 2008
3820:
3809:, retrieved
3803:
3796:
3789:Hocking 2008
3774:Hocking 2008
3769:
3757:
3746:, retrieved
3742:the original
3737:
3713:. Retrieved
3708:
3699:
3688:, retrieved
3684:
3659:. Retrieved
3649:
3637:
3618:
3612:
3600:. Retrieved
3594:
3581:
3556:
3552:
3542:
3531:
3525:
3513:. Retrieved
3509:the original
3504:
3495:
3421:
3387:Clifton Pugh
3380:
3367:
3361:
3355:
3349:
3343:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3299:
3294:Ross Gittins
3283:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3264:
3220:
3194:created the
3189:
3187:television.
3153:
3144:
3133:
3127:
3121:Va, pensiero
3114:
3093:
3066:Noel Pearson
3039:
3022:
3003:
2995:
2991:
2984:
2952:Dee Margetts
2945:
2940:
2933:
2914:
2895:
2875:
2863:
2848:
2833:
2825:
2804:Jimmy Carter
2794:
2774:Soviet Union
2768:
2757:
2747:
2727:
2713:
2701:Royal Assent
2694:
2681:
2673:
2660:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2631:loans scheme
2624:
2611:
2603:
2554:Albert Field
2542:Junie Morosi
2531:
2496:
2449:
2445:
2420:
2415:Loans Affair
2403:Loan Council
2399:
2395:
2371:
2362:Colin Hannah
2353:
2327:
2306:Murphy raids
2270:
2246:
2222:
2198:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2110:
2087:
2079:
2034:News Limited
2027:
2011:
1971:
1943:
1918:
1898:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1829:meeting on 8
1819:
1799:
1788:
1782:
1767:
1765:
1750:
1746:faceless men
1741:
1731:
1720:
1701:
1688:
1677:
1630:
1595:
1591:Laurie Oakes
1571:
1559:preselection
1535:
1474:
1443:
1422:Enoch Powell
1411:
1401:
1385:Isaac Isaacs
1366:
1352:and then in
1347:
1335:Fred Whitlam
1316:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1213:
1212:
1190:
1189:
1157:Loans affair
1110:
1109:
1102:
1101:
1058:
1027:
967:
963:Loans affair
940:election in
907:
905:government.
848:
806:
805:
795:World War II
791:Battles/wars
663:Fred Whitlam
574:(2014-10-21)
558:11 July 1916
524:Succeeded by
501:
476:Succeeded by
447:
430:Succeeded by
386:
372:Don Willesee
367:Succeeded by
334:
315:Succeeded by
253:
241:Succeeded by
191:
172:Succeeded by
104:Elizabeth II
90:
36:
9992:2014 deaths
9987:1916 births
9406:Labor Right
8998:Governments
8959:Simon Crean
8949:Kim Beazley
8924:Frank Crean
8899:H. V. Evatt
8894:Frank Forde
8810:Kim Beazley
8805:Mark Latham
8800:Simon Crean
8795:Kim Beazley
8776:Bill Hayden
8759:H. V. Evatt
8753:Ben Chifley
8746:John Curtin
8728:Frank Tudor
8175:Bill Hayden
8104:Nigel Bowen
7771:Kelly, Paul
7735:Kelly, Paul
7712:Kelly, Paul
7311:16 November
7285:16 November
6646:22 February
5993:transcript)
5766:Kerr, John
5587:Cotton 2004
5185:, CurtCo/AA
4213:26 February
3894:The Monthly
3425:Pronounced
3301:employment.
3090:Kev Carmody
3018:Frank Forde
2987:Mark Latham
2979:Mark Latham
2878:Bill Hayden
2717:David Smith
2656:Kep Enderby
2622:July 1976.
2550:Mal Colston
2534:by-election
2368:Second term
2350:Gair Affair
2344:Gair Affair
2324:, July 1973
2253:Reg Withers
2044:and two in
2015:an election
1926:John Gorton
1909:Capricornia
1822:Vietnam War
1791:Harold Holt
1775:Don Dunstan
1712:Reg Pollard
1598:Bill Bourke
1578:John McEwen
1499:during the
1147:Gair Affair
1063:(1952β1978)
1059:Member for
893:, Whitlam
891:John Gorton
582:, Australia
563:, Australia
512:Preceded by
466:Preceded by
434:Bill Hayden
420:Preceded by
408:Frank Crean
360:Nigel Bowen
355:Preceded by
303:Preceded by
282:John Gorton
277:John McEwen
272:Harold Holt
246:Bill Hayden
231:Preceded by
217:Frank Crean
160:Preceded by
150:Frank Crean
9976:Categories
9956:Frydenberg
9708:2013 (Oct)
9703:2013 (Jun)
9698:2013 (Mar)
9673:2003 (Dec)
9668:2003 (Jun)
9653:1991 (Dec)
9648:1991 (Jun)
9633:1977 (Dec)
9628:1977 (May)
9472:1955 split
9467:1931 split
9462:1916 split
9437:Lang Labor
9425:Historical
9411:Labor Left
9317:Queensland
9089:Ministries
8974:Wayne Swan
8944:Brian Howe
8919:Jim Cairns
8830:Kevin Rudd
8816:Kevin Rudd
8201:1983β1986
8169:1975β1977
8142:1972β1975
8115:1972β1973
8088:1967β1972
8062:John Kerin
8056:1952β1978
7854:Reid, Alan
7497:Brown 2002
7482:25 October
7360:3 December
7337:3 December
7126:25 October
7073:7 November
7034:6 November
7008:9 November
6982:9 November
6956:7 November
6930:7 November
6904:7 November
6878:7 November
6852:7 November
6826:24 October
6774:25 October
6749:22 October
6411:21 October
6386:25 October
6361:25 October
6338:Kelly 1995
6323:Cohen 1996
6228:Kelly 1983
6213:Lloyd 2008
6201:Cohen 1996
6189:Kelly 1983
6159:Kelly 1983
6147:Kelly 1983
6135:Kelly 1983
6123:Kelly 1983
6111:Kelly 1983
6042:Paul Kelly
5991:60 Minutes
5962:Kelly 1995
5950:Kelly 1995
5912:Kelly 1995
5900:Kelly 1983
5888:Kelly 1983
5876:Kelly 1995
5864:Kelly 1995
5828:Kelly 1995
5816:Kelly 1995
5804:Kelly 1995
5707:Kelly 1995
5695:Kelly 1995
5671:Kelly 1983
5659:Kelly 1995
5647:Kelly 1995
5635:Lloyd 2008
5623:Kelly 1995
5436:Brown 2002
5343:Brown 2002
5331:Brown 2002
5316:Kelly 1995
5304:Kelly 1995
5256:Kelly 1995
5244:Kelly 1995
5220:Kelly 1995
5208:Lloyd 2008
5168:1864872756
5142:Brown 2002
4982:Brown 2002
4970:Kelly 1995
4723:Brown 2002
4711:Brown 2002
4663:Brown 2002
4605:Brown 2002
4552:Brown 2002
4540:Brown 2002
4516:Brown 2002
4504:Lloyd 2008
4492:Kelly 1995
4480:Sawer 1977
4432:Lloyd 2008
4375:Kelly 1995
4228:Lloyd 2008
4170:Lloyd 2008
4158:Lloyd 2008
4110:Lloyd 2008
4059:Lloyd 2008
4039:25 October
3995:Lloyd 2008
3973:25 October
3748:10 January
3642:Kelly 1994
3515:18 October
3482:References
3279:Paul Kelly
3177:Cabramatta
3086:Paul Kelly
3082:didgeridoo
3014:Kevin Rudd
2829:The Domain
2820:The Domain
2790:Paul Kelly
2719:, came to
2627:Rex Connor
2507:East Timor
2487:East Timor
2357:Vince Gair
2205:Blue Poles
2173:university
2113:duumvirate
2068:Duumvirate
2063:First term
2056:See also:
1979:Zhou Enlai
1835:Jim Cairns
1815:challenged
1803:Queensland
1783:ex officio
1708:Eddie Ward
1684:Cabramatta
1637:Bert Evatt
1477:bomb aimer
1470:Bill Dovey
1354:Turramurra
1305:Early life
1260:Birthplace
1191:Ministries
1045:Early life
998:Paul Kelly
728:politician
714:Occupation
703:Alma mater
686:Bill Dovey
554:1916-07-11
529:John Kerin
405:Jim Cairns
145:Jim Cairns
9201:Gillard 1
9186:Keating 1
9151:Whitlam 1
9141:Chifley 1
8782:Bob Hawke
8006:from the
7448:NewsComAu
7095:10 August
5974:Blum 2014
5840:Reid 1976
5792:Reid 1976
5780:Reid 1976
5743:Reid 1976
5731:Reid 1976
5719:Reid 1976
5472:Reid 1976
5460:Reid 1976
5412:Reid 1976
5397:Reid 1976
5385:Reid 1976
5370:Reid 1976
5355:Reid 1976
5196:Reid 1976
5081:Biography
5042:Reid 1976
4858:Reid 1976
4846:Reid 1976
3715:31 August
3661:10 August
3573:247112944
3487:Citations
3254:, in the
3181:Melbourne
3154:Jerusalem
3145:Jerusalem
3028:Memorials
2902:Bob Hawke
2703:. At 2:34
2690:The Lodge
2676:the Queen
2582:John Kerr
2560:Dismissal
2511:World War
2483:Indonesia
2428:Tom Lewis
2292:John Kerr
2211:for US$ 2
2169:Legal aid
2129:apartheid
2030:It's Time
1742:Telegraph
1738:Alan Reid
1665:The Split
1440:, in 1944
1327:Melbourne
1254:It's Time
1214:Elections
930:legal aid
924:and free
903:Coalition
895:led Labor
863:barrister
828:reformist
766:1941β1945
736:Signature
721:Barrister
673:Relatives
502:In office
448:In office
387:In office
335:In office
254:In office
192:In office
91:In office
81:21st
9961:Chalmers
9951:Morrison
9931:Costello
9821:Theodore
9392:Factions
9332:Victoria
9327:Tasmania
9282:Albanese
9216:Albanese
9126:Curtin 1
9101:Fisher 1
9080:Albanese
9010:Fisher I
8929:Tom Uren
8644:Albanese
8535:Charlton
8458:Category
8442:Albanese
8437:Morrison
8432:Turnbull
7911:(2006),
7856:(1976),
7814:(2014),
7795:34561520
7773:(1995).
7763:33022508
7737:(1994).
7714:(1983),
7693:(2012),
7672:(2008),
7635:(2009),
7575:(1996),
7453:9 August
7428:9 August
7331:(Speech)
7211:28 March
7184:28 March
7161:28 March
6820:ABC News
6769:ABC News
6726:16 March
6594:28 April
6584:ABC News
6309:30 March
6268:25 April
6262:archived
6026:Archived
5570:29 April
5533:12 April
5128:30 March
5092:30 March
5063:Archived
5059:BBC News
4754:Archived
4403:Archived
4343:Archived
3375:See also
3160:of four
3102:and the
3024:months.
2963:Margaret
2778:Pine Gap
2759:Quadrant
2527:FRETILIN
2523:Cold War
2296:Medicare
2133:Rhodesia
1602:Quisling
1538:Cronulla
1418:classics
1369:Canberra
1127:Medibank
1094:May 1977
957:and the
942:May 1974
725:diplomat
682:(sister)
665:(father)
650:Nicholas
641:Children
411:Tom Uren
221:Tom Uren
9926:Dawkins
9911:Keating
9881:Whitlam
9876:Snedden
9866:McMahon
9856:Chifley
9846:Spender
9841:Menzies
9826:Scullin
9796:Poynton
9776:Forrest
9450:History
9399:Current
9277:Shorten
9166:Hawke 1
9121:Scullin
9075:Rudd II
9070:Gillard
9060:Keating
9050:Whitlam
9045:Chifley
9030:Scullin
8698:Leaders
8638:Shorten
8625:Gillard
8612:Beazley
8597:Beazley
8591:Keating
8572:Whitlam
8566:Calwell
8555:Chifley
8541:Scullin
8417:Gillard
8402:Keating
8387:Whitlam
8382:McMahon
8362:Menzies
8357:Chifley
8337:Menzies
8322:Scullin
7878:(ed.),
7660:(ed.),
7403:1 April
7237:18 June
6699:1 April
6694:The Age
6674:1 April
6669:The Age
6619:1 April
6565:1 April
6559:The Age
6462:1 April
6457:The Age
6437:1 April
6176:The Age
5526:The Age
4955:5 March
3811:1 April
3258:in the
3158:flypast
3140:Berlioz
3129:Nabucco
3125:Verdi's
3123:" from
2935:of the
2865:The Age
2860:Tianjin
2505:(later
2493:in 1974
2491:Suharto
2285:special
2227:struck
2192:". The
2156:in 1974
2090:McMahon
1999:Suharto
1935:Higgins
1809:in the
1740:of the
1723:Sukarno
1653:Country
1633:Chifley
1582:Speaker
1555:Werriwa
1450:Militia
1406:at the
1319:'Ngara'
1247:Related
1061:Werriwa
853:in the
635:
619:
615:
494:Werriwa
349:Himself
100:Monarch
18:Whitlam
9946:Hockey
9921:Willis
9906:Howard
9896:Hayden
9891:Cairns
9851:Fadden
9786:Fisher
9771:Watson
9766:Turner
9262:Latham
9242:Hayden
9211:Rudd 2
9196:Rudd 1
9116:Hughes
9096:Watson
9065:Rudd I
9035:Curtin
9025:Hughes
9005:Watson
8607:Latham
8578:Hayden
8548:Curtin
8524:Hughes
8517:Fisher
8510:Watson
8427:Abbott
8407:Howard
8392:Fraser
8377:Gorton
8372:McEwen
8347:Curtin
8342:Fadden
8312:Hughes
8307:Fisher
8297:Fisher
8292:Deakin
8287:Fisher
8282:Deakin
8272:Watson
8267:Deakin
8262:Barton
7957:
7937:
7919:
7886:
7864:
7843:
7822:
7793:
7783:
7761:
7751:
7724:
7701:
7680:
7643:
7621:
7603:
7583:
7562:
7544:
7050:
6487:
6085:19 May
5607:
5165:
3690:22 May
3625:
3602:23 May
3571:
3319:
3315:
3112:Bach's
3052:. The
3042:
2906:UNESCO
2784:chief
2731:
2705:
2697:
2685:
2668:
2664:
2648:
2620:
2615:
2607:advise
2513:
2436:Albury
2411:
2382:
2273:supply
2229:Darwin
2217:
2213:
2098:
2019:
1950:
1831:
1827:caucus
1710:, and
1680:Hughes
1383:, Sir
1350:Mosman
1202:Second
990:UNESCO
656:Parent
625:
605:Spouse
597:Height
457:Leader
396:Deputy
294:Deputy
211:Deputy
132:Deputy
9941:Bowen
9916:Kerin
9901:Lynch
9886:Crean
9836:Casey
9831:Lyons
9811:Bruce
9791:Higgs
9257:Crean
9247:Hawke
9136:Forde
9055:Hawke
9040:Forde
8602:Crean
8584:Hawke
8561:Evatt
8530:Tudor
8397:Hawke
8352:Forde
8327:Lyons
8317:Bruce
7279:(PDF)
7268:(PDF)
3657:. n.d
3569:S2CID
3413:Notes
3150:Parry
2104:, as
1905:Corio
1618:quean
1331:Freda
1207:Third
1197:First
813:
633:)
621:(
617:
591:Labor
55:
9936:Swan
9871:Bury
9861:Holt
9816:Page
9806:Cook
9801:Watt
9781:Lyne
9713:2019
9693:2012
9688:2010
9683:2006
9678:2005
9663:2001
9658:1996
9643:1983
9638:1982
9623:1976
9618:1968
9613:1967
9608:1966
9603:1960
9598:1959
9593:1956
9588:1954
9583:1951
9578:1945
9573:1935
9568:1931
9563:1928
9558:1922
9553:1920
9548:1916
9543:1915
9538:1913
9533:1907
9528:1901
9272:Rudd
8632:Rudd
8618:Rudd
8422:Rudd
8412:Rudd
8367:Holt
8332:Page
8302:Cook
8277:Reid
8250:list
7955:ISBN
7935:ISBN
7917:ISBN
7884:ISBN
7862:ISBN
7841:ISBN
7820:ISBN
7791:OCLC
7781:ISBN
7759:OCLC
7749:ISBN
7722:ISBN
7699:ISBN
7678:ISBN
7641:ISBN
7619:ISBN
7601:ISBN
7581:ISBN
7560:ISBN
7542:ISBN
7484:2014
7455:2018
7430:2018
7405:2010
7362:2022
7339:2022
7313:2021
7287:2021
7239:2021
7213:2021
7186:2021
7163:2021
7128:2014
7097:2016
7075:2014
7036:2014
7010:2014
6984:2014
6958:2014
6932:2014
6906:2014
6880:2014
6854:2014
6828:2014
6802:2022
6776:2014
6751:2014
6728:2012
6701:2010
6676:2010
6648:2008
6621:2010
6596:2007
6567:2010
6517:2020
6485:ISBN
6464:2010
6439:2010
6413:2014
6388:2014
6363:2014
6311:2010
6270:2010
6087:2010
6006:2006
5605:ISBN
5572:2010
5535:2010
5163:ISBN
5130:2010
5094:2010
4957:2015
4215:2012
4041:2014
3975:2014
3813:2010
3750:2012
3717:2018
3692:2010
3663:2016
3623:ISBN
3604:2023
3517:2019
3471:-lΙm
3467:gof
3179:and
3162:RAAF
3088:and
3072:and
2886:Tony
2782:ASIO
2683:1:00
2538:Bass
2376:and
1396:RAAF
1360:and
1240:1977
1235:1975
1230:1974
1225:1972
1220:1969
1089:1976
1084:1968
1079:1967
830:and
781:Unit
771:Rank
648:and
646:Tony
631:2012
627:1942
568:Died
544:Born
492:for
9020:III
7517:SBS
4638:ABC
4409:at
3561:doi
3469:WIT
3230:of
3185:ABC
3167:in
3148:by
3138:by
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3080:(a
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1323:Kew
889:to
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8025:.
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