1092:, W. D. Birrell, produced a report on the immediate post-war priorities for Kew. Birrell strongly urged the council to propose the closure of Kew Asylum, with the grounds to be subdivided and "...laid out on modern town planning principles with some 700 to 800 homes". According to Birrell, this would have been an ideal post-war scheme as it would provide employment and much needed land for housing. Birrell's proposal was not new; ever since the establishment of the asylum, proposals for its closure and redevelopment had recurred every few years. Birrell's plans did not eventuate as overcrowding at other mental hospitals throughout Victoria necessitated Kew's continued operation.
445:, many of which were retained when the complex was redeveloped. Internally, the dormitories had 14 ft (4.3 m) ceilings and brightly coloured walls with the beds aligned in neat rows. The floors were of timber, principally so they could be scrubbed. The primary access to the complex was from a tree-lined drive from Princess Street (now known as "Main Drive") culminating in an elliptical carriageway in front of the main building. A second drive (now known as "Lower Drive") extended from Princess Street to the rear gates of the asylum. This road was commonly used for deliveries to and from the asylum via the rear gatehouse.
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331:(which was originally a gaol) was in a state of disrepair. As a result, in 1854 the Government of the Colony of Victoria commissioned a report proposing sites and designs for a new lunatic asylum. Contemporary educated opinion was that lunatic asylums should be built "on a healthy site, freely admitting light and air, and drainage ... a gentle eminence in a fertile and agreeable country". In a report by the
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648:. Other information recorded, where available, were dates of previous admissions, "form of mental disorder", bodily condition ("satisfactory", "unsatisfactory", "feeble", etc.) and "duration of existing attack". From approximately 1900 onwards, photographs were usually taken on admission. If the person was very restless, the photograph was omitted. Belongings, such as books, clothes, and
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312:
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Asylums, all private/semi-private inebriate asylums were abolished under the provisions of the
Inebriate Asylums Act 1888. Northcote was taken over by the Government of Victoria in 1890 and converted into a public inebriate retreat. Brightside and Lara Inebriate Retreats were opened soon after, and many alcoholics were moved out of the lunatic asylums.
1147:. Some of the early documents are open (or part open) to the public for viewing such as admission books, case notes, registers, and medical journals. However, the majority of documents dating from 1915 onwards are closed, due to the sensitive nature of the material they contain and the possibility that first degree relatives may still be alive.
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Patients Ward", development of an archive and resource collection consisting of the few remaining records and artifacts left behind when
Central Equity gained control of the site from A.V. Jennings. The archive and resource collection was created by the Australian Science Archives Project (ASAP) at the University of Melbourne.
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use. Widening and straightening of
Princess Street in 1939-1940 resulted in the demolishing of Kew's gatehouses, loss of land and the relocation of the main gates to Victoria Park, Kew. Construction of Yarra Boulevard during the 1930s led to a section of the asylum's river frontage being acquired by the roads department.
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various Health Acts. From its establishment until 1905 the institution at Kew was known as an asylum – a title which emphasised its function as a place of detention rather than a place where people could possibly be cured. Kew was also for a short period known as the
Metropolitan Lunatic Asylum at
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were housed with the adults at Kew. By 1879 nearly 600 children, representing a quarter of all inmates, were accommodated in various institutions in
Victoria. In the 1880s the government decided that a separate building should be built to accommodate child inmates. The Zox Commission recommended the
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were often returned to friends or family. Inmates were required to dress in institutional clothes. This was useful in a number of ways as it assisted the public in easily identifying escaped inmates; reduced the need to request clothes (or money for clothes) from the inmate's family or their estate;
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At the request of a friend, relative or acquaintance, with medical certificates written by two medical practitioners. This method was amended by The Mental Health Act 1959 which stated a person could be admitted upon the recommendation of a medical practitioner who had examined the person. As soon as
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When opened, Kew's extensive 398 acres (1.6 km; 0.6 sq mi) of grounds were intended to be used for farming, agriculture and recreation for the inmates. However, as treatment methods, inmate profiles, superintendents and societal factors changed, use of the grounds changed accordingly.
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The Lunacy Act of 1903 changed the title of all
Victorian "asylums" to "hospitals for the insane" however this Act didn't come into operation until March 1905. From this time onwards, inmates began being referred to as patients. The Mental Hygiene Act of 1933 again altered Kew's title to "Kew Mental
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around the patients' courtyards. They consisted of a trench, one side of which was vertical and faced with stone or bricks, the other side sloped and turfed. From the inside, the walls presented a tall face to patients, deterring them from escaping, while from outside the walls looked low so as not
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The Zox
Commission further recommended increasing the role of medical doctors at the asylums and that "Medical men have the sole and exclusive right to determine whether their fellow citizens are sane or insane. The medical expert therefore stands in the position of witness, jury and judge". Prior
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and were housed in the two main wings — men in the right wing, women in the left. The wards were dormitory style and were divided by patient type — male/female, paying/pauper, manageable/refractory. The area of the women's wards was smaller due to the laundries and drying courtyards being located
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The conifer plantings and oak avenues along Main and Lower Drives were well established and of a mature size by the 1940s. Conifers were widely planted from the 1860s along with
Moreton Bay figs and occasionally oaks. Oaks and elms were more widely planted from the 1880s. It is not known if Linaker
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a section of land, about 400 acres in extent, situated on the River Yarra, about 4 miles from
Melbourne, and ½ a mile to the north of the village of Kew ... the site selected is a fine slope, elevated about 100 feet above the level of the river, admitting of proper drainage
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By 1986 Willsmere
Hospital's bed numbers had been reduced to 430, three quarters of which were for psychogeriatric patients. As a result of ongoing mental health reform, the then Labor Government of Victoria commissioned the "Willsmere Project", the purpose of which was to plan for decommissioning
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A large area of the grounds between the asylum main buildings and Princess Street was allocated to Children's Cottages in 1885. When the Children's Cottages became a separate institution, the area surrounding the cottages became no longer under asylum management and was no longer for asylum inmate
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In 1962 the decision was made to no longer house acute or short-term patients at Kew and therefore it was formally proclaimed a Mental Hospital under the Mental Health Act of 1959. Up until this time, Kew Mental Hospital was still colloquially known as "Kew Asylum". In the 1960s Kew began to be
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Until the end of World War I, there was little change in the admission process at Kew. Upon arriving, a variable amount of data was collected on the person being admitted. These basic details included age, sex, marital status and former address (or name of the asylum/jail transferred from). Other
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The grounds of the Kew Asylum were originally landscaped in the tradition of an English country park. This was consistent with the Victorian idea that pleasant or beautiful surroundings would help ease the mental anguish of the inmates. It has been proposed that the initial plantings on the site
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has a small number of theses on Kew – the majority of which are short in length and are architecture-based. The exception to this is Cheryl Day's unpublished PhD thesis which is an ethnographic description of the first fifty years of Kew's existence. While the thesis was unpublished, it is
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described the walls as an "excellent arrangement, as it enables the patients to see the outside world, and does away with that gaol appearance and feeling inculcated by the walls of the old asylums". Many of Kew's ha-ha walls were retained and remain intact, unlike those at Beechworth and Ararat
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One of the conditions of the development permit from the Historic Buildings Council required that a section of the building be set aside and maintained as a museum that documented the history of the site. This led to the creation of an interpretive display in a section of the old "Female Paying
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The remaining grasslands between the Eastern Freeway and the main hospital buildings, including the site of the asylum's cricket field were developed as the Kew Gardens residential estate. The Kew Gardens project was completed in 1995. The buildings and grounds of the Kew Cottages (formerly the
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to an asylum for any period up to twelve months. Inebriates who were able to pay the lodging fees at private inebriate asylums were able to be housed in inebriate-specific institutions such as Northcote Inebriate Asylum. Paupers were placed in lunatic asylums. After the 1888 Zox Commission into
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Melbourne. Designed to be elegant, beautiful, yet substantial, and to be viewed as "a magnificent asylum for the insane" with the aim of portraying Melbourne as a civilised and benevolent city whilst avoiding the jail-like appearance of other asylums. These aims were furthered by the use of low
1031:(discovered in 1950s) lead to improvements in treatment. Thus many people with a mental illness could in many cases be treated in hospital for a shorter period and return to the community. The Mental Health Act of 1959 designated hospitals providing short-term diagnosis and accommodation as "
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in the landscape is almost certainly due to Linaker as he favoured upright trees. It is possible that the two remnant Monterey cypress along Main Drive and a Monterey pine along Lower Drive are trees from an earlier planting scheme. Several trees and plants on the grounds of Kew Asylum and
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was required to inquire into and report upon the state and condition of Asylums for the Insane and Inebriates, both public and private. The Royal Commission made some sixty five recommendations in its final report. A number of the commission's recommendations were implemented prior to the
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were permanently reserved as a "Site for Lunatic Asylum" in the Government Gazette of 1864. Construction began in 1864, however was halted almost immediately with reports of inferior works on the foundations. An investigation followed and Frederick Kawerau resigned. Contractor
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of impure air caused epidemics. The area Vivian recommended for the asylum had originally been set aside for a village reserve. Locals from Kew were upset by the proposal and petitioned the government, to no avail. 340 acres (1.4 km; 0.5 sq mi) of land in the
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In addition to the asylum's ornamental gardens, the grounds featured vegetable gardens, farms and recreational areas such as cricket ovals and bowling greens. Little evidence remains of these structures except that there is now a road that encircles the former cricket oval.
1933:
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Kew continued to operate throughout the 20th century as a "hospital for the insane", "mental hospital", or "psychiatric hospital", treating acute, long-term and geriatric patients until it closed in December 1988. The main building and surrounding grounds were sold by the
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style asylum due to its perceived resemblance to stockades or gaols. The buildings are constructed from oversize bricks, made from local clay which was quarried on-site. The bricks were then rendered with cement. The central administration block is three storied with a
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In January 1982 three wards of Kew Mental Hospital were proclaimed a Psychiatric Hospital under the provisions of the Mental Health Act 1959. These wards were then known as the Willsmere Unit and were established to receive and accommodate short-term acute patients.
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During its 120 years of operation, Kew's title changed numerous times. This has been in response to society's changing views towards the treatment and care of mentally ill persons; improvements in treatment leading to better health outcomes and changes in the
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Some of these terms are still in use today, however they may now have different meanings. For example, from examining the notes on some of Kew's early "dementia" patients, it can be deduced that many were most likely suffering from what we now term severe
1035:". Therefore, any institution could have a section designated as a mental hospital for long-term or indefinite hospitalisation and a section designated as a psychiatric hospital for short term diagnosis and treatment of acute psychiatric illness.
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Any (lunatic) person found wandering at large or not under proper care and control could be brought before two justices who could order the person's removal to an asylum. The police were usually responsible for bringing the person before the two
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Some contemporary accounts of life in Kew are available. Paul Ward Farmer wrote an essay "Three weeks in the Kew Lunatic Asylum", describing his admission to Kew in the 1890s. Julian Thomas, an American reporter, wrote a series of articles for
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and minimised inmate conflict when inmates swapped or stole clothes from each other. The property and estates of people who were deemed to be insane were controlled and administered by the Master-in-Equity, also known as the Master-in-Lunacy.
2006:
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in 1876–1877 under the pseudonym of "The Vagabond". Thomas was an attendant at Kew at the time. There are also excerpts of affidavits from patients, doctors, and attendants at Kew (as well as other Victorian mental hospitals such as
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the hospital and develop services and facilities in the community. Long-term psychogeriatric patients were transferred to new psychogeriatric nursing homes in the suburbs, to a re-opened ward of Plenty Psychiatric Hospital in
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Overview of the building's layout. Female wards were accommodated in the left-hand wing; males in the right. The administration areas were in the front building and the centre wing. The small, round buildings are the
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site as appropriate for buildings for "imbecile" children. However, a site between the main building and the entrance gates of Kew was chosen and in 1885 a contract was let for the erection of cottage units. The
1100:, to the refurbished Heatherton Tuberculosis Sanatorium or to other psychiatric institutions. Acutely unwell patients that would have previously been admitted to Willsmere were now sent to newly built units at
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In 1958, 58 acres (0.2 km; 0.1 sq mi) of the northern section of the asylum grounds were offered under a Crown Grant to the Talbot Colony for Epileptics. Later known as Royal Talbot (now part of
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and admirably adapted for ornamental grounds, the aspect chosen is south-east, and during the summer months the refreshing influence of the sea-breeze will be felt, without being exposed to south west gales.
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Entrance gates and gatehouse of Kew Asylum, c. 1880. The gate house was demolished and the gates moved to Victoria Park, Kew in the 1930s or 1940s to facilitate the straightening of Princess Street.
1064:), the hospital and training centre continue to operate on the site to this day. An area of Kew's grounds adjacent to the Talbot Colony was granted to the Guide Dogs, Victoria for the building of a
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have been classified as of historical significance by the Victorian Heritage Council and the National Trust of Australia (Victoria), and have been protected during the property's redevelopment.
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presentation of its final report, others were implemented through the Lunacy Amendment Act 1888 and some recommendations were not implemented until proclamation of the Lunacy Act 1903 in 1905.
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Hospital". The move from 'asylum' to 'hospital' and 'inmate' to 'patient' also reflected the increased involvement of the medical profession in the management and treatment of mental illness.
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According to Dr Dick's assessment in 1884 'the Kew Asylum for buildings, fittings, boundary walls, fencing, and laying on services of gas and water cost 198,334 pounds compared to
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The hospital complex was eventually developed by Central Equity into residential apartments. The Willsmere residential development was officially opened on 27 October 1993 by Premier
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Public outcry at the treatment of the insane in the colony's lunatic asylums increased in the 1870s, fueled by articles and woodcuts in magazines and the writings of "The Vagabond" in
437:. Two storeyed ward wings extend to each side, one for each sex. Each wing has a four-storey, mansard-roofed tower, which contained water tanks. The ward wings were surrounded by
898:, which at the time was thought to have been virtually eradicated in Melbourne. This inquiry in turn led to amendments to the Lunacy Act, improvements to Kew (and the state's other
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There are few documented or published histories of Kew Asylum. The majority of information available on the asylum comes from the Kew's official records which are now held by the
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Despite initial grand plans and ideals, Kew Asylum had a difficult and chequered history, contributing to several inquiries throughout its 117 years of operation, including a
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walls and extensively landscaped grounds. Long considered of cultural and historic significance to Melbourne, Kew Asylum and its complex of buildings were registered on the
775:(Kew Cottages) was opened in May 1887. The Idiot Ward was initially considered a ward of Kew Lunatic Asylum, however later became known as a separate institution –
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549:. As landscape gardener for the State Lunacy Department he commenced a program of landscape improvements and tree plantings at other asylums in Victoria, including Kew.
291:. Overcrowding, mismanagement, lack of resources, poor sanitation and diseases were common criticisms during the asylum's first five decades; out-dated facilities and
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possible after admission the superintendent of the hospital was required to examine the patient and either approve the recommended admission or discharge the patient.
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continued construction at Kew using Kawerau's designs. They were derived from plans earlier outlined by Vivian, and were basically identical to Kawerau's designs for
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details requested included names of relatives or friends, the person's religion and occupation and whether others in the family have ever been classified as
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Under the Lunacy Statute of 1867, Lunacy Acts from 1880 to 1928 and Mental Hygiene Act of 1933, people could be admitted to the asylum by a number of means:
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stated that "the site chosen is of primary importance. On it must depend the comfort, happiness and health of the inmates." Thus a hilltop site, across the
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Grose, R (1986). "Project Manager's Report to the Minister for Health Willsmere Hospital Proposed Decommissioning Strategy". Health Department Victoria.
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1001:. During this period, all people committed to the asylum were termed 'inmates' rather than patients – again emphasising detention rather than cure.
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in the late 1980s. An extensive conservation analysis was completed in 1988 that recommended the bulk of the original buildings be conserved.
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894:. The first inquiry occurred in 1876, only five years after Kew opened. Another notable inquiry occurred in 1907 after a severe outbreak of
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to (and in some instances, for a time after) the Zox Commission, many superintendents at asylums did not have any training in insanity.
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The Commission recommended that criminal patients be kept apart from other patients; thus male criminally insane patients were moved to
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Despite initial grand plans and ideals, Kew Asylum had a difficult and chequered history resulting in several inquiries, including a
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Gerrand, Valerie (December 2005). "Can deinstitutionalisation work? Mental health reform from 1993 to 1998 in Victoria, Australia".
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456:, the Kew asylum is much larger with the front buildings and towers more impressive architecturally. Kew's distinctive towers and
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Lewis, Miles; Best Overend and Partners (1988). "Kew Lunatic Asylum (Willsmere) conservation analysis". Best Overend and Partners.
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The diagnoses given to patients during Kew's first fifty years were the common ailments found in most lunatic asylums of the pre-
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Ian, Goss; Mason, Ian G.R. (1959). "The older buildings of the Kew mental asylum". University of Melbourne undergraduate thesis.
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779:. Although the Idiot Asylum only admitted children, many of those children remained in residence at the Cottages as adults.
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Any prisoner of the Crown thought to be a lunatic could be removed from a jail to an asylum by order of the Chief Secretary.
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Voluntary Boarders were those who requested that they be admitted for a mutually agreed period of time (from 1915 onwards).
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Bourke, A. (2011). "Land Marks in the Cure of Madness: The Shaping of 19th Century Asylum Sites in Melbourne, Australia".
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232:. Operational from 1871 to 1988, Kew Asylum was one of the largest asylums ever built in Australia. Later known as
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3031:"Kew Asylum Museum / Archives page at Australian Science Archives Project Published: 25 February 1998"
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was recommended in a report by G.W. Vivian of the Public Works Office. Vivian described the site as:
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577:, predate Linaker and the oaks and elms may have been planted soon after his appointment. The use of
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Another distinctive feature of Kew Asylum and its sister asylums is the use of a variation on
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During the 1850s, the existing lunatic asylums of the Colony of Victoria were overcrowded.
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known as "Willsmere", however some authors state the name change to "Willsmere" was later.
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A number of photographs of Kew Asylum are kept by the Victorian Mental Health Library at
816:(1851 – 1891) Australia's first heavyweight boxing champion. Later died in his home 1891.
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in the early 1970s also resulted in property loss for both Royal Talbot and Kew Asylum.
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The asylum complex is an example of the E-plan lunatic asylums based on the model 1850s
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Tuer, Graeme. "Kew Lunatic Asylum". University of Melbourne Undergraduate Thesis.
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1186:) detailing the terrible conditions in the asylums during the 1920s in the book
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A Plea for Better Treatment of the Mentally Afflicted: What can happen to a man
2293:"The Mysterious Edward/Ellen De Lacy Evans – The Picaresque in Real Life"
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The Construction and Government of Lunatic Asylums and Hospitals for the Insane
1357:"Willsmere Hospital (former), Princess St, Kew, Vic, Australia (Place ID 5684)"
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be housed in asylums separate from the insane which led to the construction of
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was responsible for the oak avenues, but it appears that many of the conifers,
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Royal Commission on Asylums for the Insane and Inebriate Report 29 April 1886
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breeding and training centre, which opened in 1962. The construction of the
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The idea that breezes or wind-swept locations were healthy came from a wider
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Walker Corporation Pty Ltd (December 2005). "Walker Development Plan – Kew".
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McIntosh (1950). "Kew asylum". University of Melbourne undergraduate thesis.
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Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities
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available in PDF form through the University of Melbourne Library website.
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walls adjoining the front archways, enclosing one of the female courtyards.
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396:, though Kew was much larger, and more expensive at a cost of £198,334.
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Royal Commission on Asylums for the Insane and Inebriate 1884–1886
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grounds of Kew Asylum) were redeveloped as the "Main Drive" project by
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Under the Lunacy Statute of 1867, the Master-in-Lunacy was able commit
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Victorian places listed on the defunct Register of the National Estate
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who played for both Australia and England. Died in Kew Asylum in 1890.
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Oxford Companion to Australian History – entry for Thomas Wills
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Kew, possibly to differentiate it from its sister country asylums at
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belief that associated disease with congestion and squalor, and that
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of the Victorian Public Works Office to house the growing number of "
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259:, Kew was also larger and more expensive than its sister asylums at
3301:"Passages of Time – Lee Street School & Carlton Lunatic Asylum"
2091:"Passages of Time – Lee Street School & Carlton Lunatic Asylum"
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roofs make it one of the most prominent architectural landmarks in
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While Kew's plan and detail are similar to its sister asylums at
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1112:. Willsmere was finally closed in December 1988 and sold by the
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which were partially dismantled or the trenches were filled in.
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Magnificence, Misery and Madness – A History of the Kew Asylum
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1508:"And your petitioners humbly pray – Lunatic Asylum 1858"
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there was a period of significant change in the treatment and
804:– Political cartoonist and satirist. Died in Kew Asylum.
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in the 1980s and were redeveloped as residential properties.
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2303:(Autumn 2002). State Library of Victoria Foundation: 59–68.
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In the early days of Kew Asylum, the distinction between "
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327:, while only six years old, was considered unsuitable and
311:
3200:. Kew: Society for the Welfare of the Mentally Afflicted.
526:
522:
2629:"Lithium salts in the treatment of psychotic excitement"
420:, England, which itself was based on the 1830 design of
220:
located between Princess Street and Yarra Boulevard in
3242:
Education, Health and Welfare – Mental Health Records"
1538:"Kew and Heidelberg Lands Act 1933 - SECOND SCHEDULE"
1188:
A Plea for Better Treatment of the Mentally Afflicted
1158:
also holds a number of early photographs of Kew. The
267:. The asylum's buildings are typical examples of the
1938:
Register of Patients (VA 2840) Kew, 1871–1919"
1857:
1855:
1075:
3413:
Public Record Office of Victoria – Kew Asylum
3303:. Infoserv, University of Melbourne. Archived from
1777:"Classification Report – Holly-leaved Cherry"
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
970:
842:– barrister, politician and newspaper editor.
598:Many of Kew's early patients were transferred from
3893:Buildings and structures in the City of Boroondara
3087:
2038:
2036:
979:Kew Asylum, circa 1885–1887. Note the brick
810:– Picaresque transgender man from the 1870s.
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
1852:
315:Engraving of Kew Asylum circa 1880. Buildings of
3829:
3642:St John of God Frankston Rehabilitation Hospital
2843:
1728:"Former Kew Cottages (Kew Residential Services)"
1259:
1016:for people with a mental illness. Drugs such as
517:. Initially, the grounds were planted with many
2767:
2331:Silent Revolutions: Writings on Cricket History
2050:
2048:
2033:
1983:
1981:
877:
464:and is clearly visible on the eastern skyline.
2587:
1867:Admission Warrants – Male and Female Patients"
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
3440:
3294:(Thesis). University of Melbourne PhD thesis.
2503:
2501:
2157:
2155:
1722:
1278:"Former Willsmere Hospital (listing VICH861)"
2360:Wisden Cricketers' Almanack – online edition
2120:
2118:
2116:
2045:
1978:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1431:
1429:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
485:to suggest imprisonment. A journalist with
3352:
3260:
1484:
1339:
1337:
1224:List of Australian psychiatric institutions
476:Cross section of a Ha-Ha wall at Kew Asylum
206:List of Australian psychiatric institutions
3797:Preston & Northcote Community Hospital
3447:
3433:
3344:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2839:
2837:
2835:
2515:
2513:
2498:
2475:. Melbourne: Black Inc. pp. 107–115.
2395:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
2243:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
2152:
1573:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
1351:
1349:
495:
3454:
3355:Report on the Proposed Kew Lunatic Asylum
3320:Pru Sanderson Design Pty Ltd (May 1988).
3153:"University of Melbourne Library website"
2728:
2724:
2722:
2652:
2347:
2235:"Dyson, Ambrose Arthur (1876–1913)"
2113:
1658:
1468:New South Wales Report on Lunatic Asylums
1426:
1403:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1235:
826:& umpire. Died in Kew Asylum in 1903.
761:, "difficult" children and children with
357:Report on the Proposed Kew Lunatic Asylum
3792:Mordialloc-Cheltenham Community Hospital
3261:Brothers, C. R. D. (c. 1959).
3119:
2802:
2800:
2384:
2232:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1334:
1079:
974:
881:
660:
614:
499:
471:
403:
310:
3883:Second Empire architecture in Australia
3647:St Vincent's Private Hospital Melbourne
2832:
2510:
2442:
2194:
2192:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1462:
1444:
1346:
1138:
909:
696:General paralysis/paresis of the insane
545:was employed to lay out the grounds of
399:
295:were criticisms of Kew's later period.
14:
3853:Heritage-listed buildings in Melbourne
3838:Government buildings completed in 1871
3830:
3767:Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital
3272:"Kew Lunatic Asylum – Historical Walk"
3177:
2719:
2551:"Findings of the Zox Royal Commission"
2473:Game For Anything: Writings On Cricket
2445:Henry Handel Richardson – A Life
2353:
2307:from the original on 15 September 2008
1894:
1892:
1816:
1389:
424:in London. Kew was also considered a
255:The first purpose-built asylum in the
27:Former hospital in Victoria, Australia
3873:Defunct hospitals in Victoria (state)
3589:Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre
3428:
3365:Victorian Parliamentary Papers (1876)
3277:. Australian Science Archives Project
3263:Early Victorian Psychiatry: 1835–1905
3192:
3180:Three weeks in the Kew Lunatic Asylum
2976:from the original on 21 November 2008
2806:
2797:
2677:"Games Village (Royal Park Hospital)"
2471:(2004). "The Madness Of King Harry".
2467:
2325:
2082:
1764:
1705:
951:The commission also recommended that
3843:Hospital buildings completed in 1861
3559:Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital
3480:Paula Fox Melanoma and Cancer Centre
3269:
3002:from the original on 11 October 2008
2880:"Heatherton Tuberculosis Sanatorium"
2776:from the original on 26 January 2010
2740:from the original on 26 October 2009
2734:"Royal Talbot Rehabilitation Centre"
2623:
2366:from the original on 20 January 2013
2290:
2189:
1948:from the original on 20 January 2021
1672:
1562:
1046:
845:Walter Richardson – father of
782:
610:
533:; and trees indigenous to the area,
306:
216:is a decommissioned heritage-listed
3868:1988 disestablishments in Australia
3737:St John of God Warrnambool Hospital
3289:
3037:from the original on 22 August 2008
2770:"History of Guide Dogs in Victoria"
1889:
1877:from the original on 10 August 2020
1355:
1282:Australia Heritage Places Inventory
1276:
1088:In June 1943 the town clerk of the
607:on the women's side of the asylum.
24:
3858:Psychiatric hospitals in Australia
3418:Central Equity Projects: Willsmere
3159:from the original on 23 April 2015
2938:"About Central Equity – Willsmere"
2882:. City of Kingston. Archived from
2521:""Function VF 128" Health, Mental"
2392:Australian Dictionary of Biography
2240:Australian Dictionary of Biography
2021:from the original on 13 April 2019
1570:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1313:from the original on 17 April 2016
1020:(discovered in 1948 by Australian
902:) and the planned construction of
795:
740:
25:
3904:
3632:Jessie McPherson Private Hospital
3401:
3357:. Victorian Parliamentary Papers.
3298:
2557:from the original on 25 July 2011
2531:from the original on 23 July 2008
2387:"Nesbit, Paris (1852–1927)"
2214:from the original on 26 July 2008
2177:from the original on 26 July 2008
2140:from the original on 26 July 2008
2088:
2070:from the original on 25 July 2008
1914:from the original on 26 July 2008
1789:from the original on 19 July 2008
1565:"Amess, Samuel (1826–1896)"
1084:Willsmere Residential Development
1076:Decommissioning and redevelopment
944:and female dangerous patients to
757:") was not made. Therefore, many
3888:1861 establishments in Australia
3722:St John of God Ballarat Hospital
3408:Kew Asylum Museum & Archives
3353:Vivian, G. W. (1856–1857).
3055:
2689:from the original on 23 May 2009
2645:10.1080/j.1440-1614.1999.06241.x
1734:from the original on 24 May 2011
1544:from the original on 22 May 2007
971:Changing names, changing society
43:
3732:St John of God Geelong Hospital
3727:St John of God Bendigo Hospital
3637:St John of God Berwick Hospital
3186:
3171:
3145:
3113:
3081:
3049:
3023:
3014:
2988:
2956:
2930:
2898:
2872:
2788:
2761:
2752:
2710:
2701:
2682:. Victorian Heritage Register.
2669:
2617:
2578:
2569:
2543:
2489:
2461:
2436:
2378:
2319:
2284:
2226:
1999:
1990:
1969:
1960:
1926:
1843:
1810:
1801:
1755:
1746:
1696:
1649:
1640:
1623:
1614:
1556:
1530:
1500:
1475:
1456:
1438:
1417:
963:and various Inebriate Asylums.
319:are depicted in the foreground.
282:Register of the National Estate
32:Hospital in Victoria, Australia
3627:Frances Perry Private Hospital
2447:. Cambridge University Press.
2397:Australian National University
2245:Australian National University
2011:Case Books of Female Patients"
1782:. National Trust of Victoria.
1575:Australian National University
1380:
1325:
1299:
467:
13:
1:
3863:Hospitals established in 1871
3594:Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
3246:Public Record Office Victoria
3223:Public Record Office Victoria
3207:
2964:"Willsmere & Kew Gardens"
2525:Public Record Office Victoria
2208:Public Record Office Victoria
2171:Public Record Office Victoria
2167:Brightside Inebriate Retreat"
2134:Public Record Office Victoria
2064:Public Record Office Victoria
2015:Public Record Office Victoria
1942:Public Record Office Victoria
1908:Public Record Office Victoria
1871:Public Record Office Victoria
1512:Public Record Office Victoria
1145:Public Record Office Victoria
252:" in the Colony of Victoria.
3323:Kew Urban Conservation Study
2633:Medical Journal of Australia
1827:10.1007/978-90-481-9920-4_80
1362:Australian Heritage Database
878:Investigations and inquiries
859:and Australian team captain.
656:
7:
2130:Northcote Inebriate Asylum"
1197:
593:
511:Baron Ferdinand von Mueller
271:style which was popular in
10:
3909:
3532:Monash Children's Hospital
2969:. Cardno Grogan Richards.
2333:. Black Inc. p. 243.
1637:166,403' (Zox, vol.4 p.12)
808:Edward/Ellen De Lacy Evans
504:Asylum grounds, circa 1890
3749:
3714:
3666:
3659:
3604:
3544:Royal Children's Hospital
3467:
3460:
3182:. Melbourne: JJ Halligan.
2443:Ackland, Michael (2004).
2385:Loughlin, Graham (1988).
1214:Beechworth Lunatic Asylum
1156:State Library of Victoria
871:Australian rules football
869:, one of the founders of
521:and large growing trees,
441:lined with iron columned
408:Skyline of the Kew Asylum
355:G. W. Vivian,
201:
191:
186:
178:
170:
165:
157:
147:
142:
132:
122:
117:
78:
63:
58:
54:
42:
37:
3782:Lakeside Mental Hospital
3554:Royal Melbourne Hospital
2758:Sanderson, vol.2, p.4/23
2553:. Women's Jail Project.
2362:. John Wisden & Co.
2354:Parker, Grahame (1971).
1229:
1152:Royal Melbourne Hospital
337:Frederick Norton Manning
335:' Inspector of Asylums,
3802:Queen Victoria Hospital
3757:Aradale Mental Hospital
3706:West Gippsland Hospital
3584:Thomas Embling Hospital
3579:Werribee Mercy Hospital
2846:Health Sociology Review
2794:Sanderson, vol.2 p.4/23
2233:Lindesay, Vane (1981).
2204:Lara Inebriate Retreat"
2095:University of Melbourne
1807:Walker, p.5, p.30, p.36
1160:University of Melbourne
920:. Officially known as
847:Henry Handel Richardson
763:intellectual disability
496:Grounds and landscaping
269:Italianate architecture
49:Kew Asylum c. 1990
3848:Hospitals in Melbourne
3696:Goulburn Valley Health
3679:Queen Elizabeth Centre
3674:Ballarat Base Hospital
3564:Royal Women's Hospital
3461:Melbourne metropolitan
3382:Cite journal requires
3133:Cite journal requires
3101:Cite journal requires
3069:Cite journal requires
2918:Cite journal requires
2820:Cite journal requires
1996:Sanderson, vol.2 p.6/2
1821:. pp. 1425–1439.
1114:Government of Victoria
1085:
990:Victorian Government's
984:
887:
666:
621:
604:Carlton Lunatic Asylum
505:
477:
409:
360:
329:Carlton Lunatic Asylum
320:
196:Hospitals in Australia
3686:Bendigo Base Hospital
3569:St Vincent's Hospital
3549:Royal Dental Hospital
3539:The Northern Hospital
3522:Monash Medical Centre
3455:Hospitals in Victoria
3270:Cass, Daniel (1997).
3178:Farmer, Paul (1900).
2858:10.5172/hesr.14.3.255
2768:Guide Dogs Victoria.
1904:Register of Patients"
1752:James (p.25), in Day.
1563:Hone, J. Ann (1969).
1452:. Pall Mall: Dawsons.
1367:Australian Government
1209:Ararat Lunatic Asylum
1192:Hon. William G. Higgs
1106:Monash Medical Centre
1083:
1033:psychiatric hospitals
978:
885:
664:
618:
503:
475:
407:
349:
314:
3290:Day, Cheryl (1999).
2625:Cade, John Frederick
2356:"The Midwinter file"
1139:Documented histories
910:Zox Royal Commission
849:, Australian author.
400:Distinctive features
293:institutionalisation
218:psychiatric hospital
149:Emergency department
128:Public & Private
102:37.7949°S 145.0236°E
3807:Royal Park Hospital
2886:on 22 November 2008
2297:The LaTrobe Journal
1936:Series VPRS 7680 P1
1481:Vivian, vol.4 p.949
1331:VPP1876 vol.3, p.57
867:Victorian cricketer
855:– Australian
559:Canary Island pines
98: /
3701:Warburton Hospital
3622:Epworth Freemasons
3617:Epworth HealthCare
3612:Cabrini Healthcare
3517:Maroondah Hospital
3512:Frankston Hospital
3507:Footscray Hospital
3502:Caulfield Hospital
3307:on 24 October 2009
2998:. Central Equity.
2944:on 11 October 2008
2101:on 24 October 2009
1129:Walker Corporation
1110:Peninsula Hospital
1102:Maroondah Hospital
1086:
985:
888:
759:wards of the state
667:
622:
513:, director of the
506:
478:
410:
321:
257:Colony of Victoria
214:Kew Lunatic Asylum
107:-37.7949; 145.0236
3825:
3824:
3817:Yarra Bend Asylum
3762:Beechworth Asylum
3745:
3744:
3660:Regional Victoria
3655:
3654:
3574:Sunshine Hospital
3497:Box Hill Hospital
3326:. South Melbourne
2406:978-0-522-84459-7
2254:978-0-522-84459-7
1836:978-90-481-9919-8
1819:Engineering Earth
1724:Heritage Victoria
1584:978-0-522-84459-7
1518:on 17 August 2008
1470:. Canberra: AGPS.
1204:Yarra Bend Asylum
1047:Shrinking grounds
1018:lithium carbonate
1010:World War II
886:Woodcut from 1876
783:Inebriates at Kew
768:Yarra Bend Asylum
611:Admission process
600:Yarra Bend Asylum
571:Bunya Bunya pines
509:were supplied by
325:Yarra Bend Asylum
317:Yarra Bend Asylum
307:Site and planning
238:Frederick Kawerau
211:
210:
16:(Redirected from
3900:
3787:Mont Park Asylum
3691:Geelong Hospital
3664:
3663:
3487:Angliss Hospital
3465:
3464:
3449:
3442:
3435:
3426:
3425:
3391:
3385:
3380:
3378:
3370:
3358:
3349:
3343:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3295:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3276:
3266:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3202:
3201:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3136:
3131:
3129:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3104:
3099:
3097:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3072:
3067:
3065:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2975:
2968:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2940:. Archived from
2934:
2928:
2927:
2921:
2916:
2914:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2841:
2830:
2829:
2823:
2818:
2816:
2808:
2804:
2795:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2765:
2759:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2726:
2717:
2714:
2708:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2681:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2656:
2621:
2615:
2610:
2585:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2517:
2508:
2505:
2496:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2291:Colligan, Mimi.
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2196:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2159:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2122:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2097:. Archived from
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2052:
2043:
2040:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2009:Series VPRS 7397
2003:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1976:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1902:Series VPRS 7680
1896:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1865:Series VPRS 7456
1859:
1850:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1788:
1781:
1773:
1762:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1720:
1703:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1670:
1667:
1656:
1653:
1647:
1644:
1638:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1514:. Archived from
1504:
1498:
1495:
1482:
1479:
1473:
1471:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1442:
1436:
1433:
1424:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1401:
1398:
1387:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1353:
1344:
1341:
1332:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1274:
1257:
1254:
926:Royal Commission
904:Mont Park Asylum
892:Royal Commission
777:Kew Idiot Asylum
575:Himalayan cedars
563:Monterey cypress
547:Mont Park Asylum
531:Moreton Bay figs
373:County of Bourke
301:State Government
289:Royal Commission
113:
112:
110:
109:
108:
103:
99:
96:
95:
94:
91:
47:
35:
34:
21:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3741:
3710:
3651:
3600:
3492:Austin Hospital
3475:Alfred Hospital
3456:
3453:
3404:
3383:
3381:
3372:
3371:
3337:
3336:
3329:
3327:
3310:
3308:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3251:
3249:
3236:
3227:
3225:
3213:
3210:
3205:
3191:
3187:
3176:
3172:
3162:
3160:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3134:
3132:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3102:
3100:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3070:
3068:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3040:
3038:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3019:
3015:
3005:
3003:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2947:
2945:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2919:
2917:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2889:
2887:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2842:
2833:
2821:
2819:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2779:
2777:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2743:
2741:
2727:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2702:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2639:(10): 349–352.
2622:
2618:
2611:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2558:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2534:
2532:
2519:
2518:
2511:
2506:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2483:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2425:
2407:
2383:
2379:
2369:
2367:
2352:
2348:
2341:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2289:
2285:
2275:
2273:
2255:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2180:
2178:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2143:
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2087:
2083:
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2071:
2054:
2053:
2046:
2042:Brothers, p.145
2041:
2034:
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2005:
2004:
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1995:
1991:
1986:
1979:
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1141:
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1070:Eastern Freeway
1049:
973:
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830:Billy Midwinter
820:Patrick McShane
798:
796:Famous patients
785:
743:
741:Children at Kew
659:
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515:Botanic Gardens
498:
470:
402:
333:New South Wales
309:
284:in March 1978.
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3403:
3402:External links
3400:
3399:
3398:
3394:Zox, Ephraim
3392:
3384:|journal=
3366:
3359:
3350:
3317:
3299:Pratt, Valma.
3296:
3287:
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3265:. A.C. Brooks.
3258:
3234:
3217:Agency VA 2840
3209:
3206:
3204:
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3194:Higgs, William
3185:
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3144:
3135:|journal=
3112:
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3080:
3071:|journal=
3048:
3022:
3013:
2987:
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2871:
2852:(3): 255–271.
2831:
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2089:Pratt, Valma.
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2058:Agency VA 2852
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961:Kew Idiot Ward
946:Sunbury Asylum
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857:Test cricketer
850:
843:
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834:Test cricketer
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555:Monterey pines
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2996:"Kew Gardens"
2991:
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2730:Austin Health
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2482:1-86395-309-4
2478:
2474:
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2469:Haigh, Gideon
2464:
2456:
2454:0-521-84055-4
2450:
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2327:Haigh, Gideon
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2129:
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2119:
2117:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2069:
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2060:Kew Cottages"
2059:
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2039:
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2020:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2002:
1993:
1984:
1982:
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1963:
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1761:Connolly, p.9
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1446:Conolly, John
1441:
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1062:Austin Health
1057:
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949:
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943:
942:Ararat Asylum
939:
934:
931:
927:
923:
919:
918:
907:
905:
901:
897:
896:Typhoid fever
893:
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868:
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861:
858:
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851:
848:
844:
841:
838:
835:
831:
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825:
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818:
815:
812:
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803:
802:Ambrose Dyson
800:
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793:
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774:
769:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
738:
736:
735:schizophrenia
732:
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535:river red gum
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41:
36:
30:
19:
3777:Kew Cottages
3771:
3422:
3395:
3375:cite journal
3362:
3354:
3328:. Retrieved
3322:
3309:. Retrieved
3305:the original
3291:
3279:. Retrieved
3262:
3250:. Retrieved
3240:PROVguide 59
3239:
3226:. Retrieved
3216:
3197:
3188:
3179:
3173:
3163:11 September
3161:. Retrieved
3147:
3126:cite journal
3115:
3094:cite journal
3083:
3062:cite journal
3051:
3039:. Retrieved
3025:
3016:
3004:. Retrieved
2990:
2978:. Retrieved
2958:
2946:. Retrieved
2942:the original
2932:
2911:cite journal
2900:
2888:. Retrieved
2884:the original
2874:
2849:
2845:
2813:cite journal
2790:
2778:. Retrieved
2763:
2754:
2742:. Retrieved
2712:
2703:
2691:. Retrieved
2671:
2636:
2632:
2619:
2612:
2580:
2571:
2559:. Retrieved
2545:
2533:. Retrieved
2491:
2472:
2463:
2444:
2438:
2428:22 September
2426:. Retrieved
2390:
2380:
2368:. Retrieved
2359:
2349:
2330:
2321:
2309:. Retrieved
2300:
2296:
2286:
2274:. Retrieved
2238:
2228:
2216:. Retrieved
2201:
2181:28 September
2179:. Retrieved
2164:
2144:28 September
2142:. Retrieved
2127:
2103:. Retrieved
2099:the original
2093:. Infoserv,
2084:
2072:. Retrieved
2057:
2023:. Retrieved
2008:
2001:
1992:
1987:PROVguide 59
1971:
1962:
1950:. Retrieved
1935:
1928:
1916:. Retrieved
1901:
1879:. Retrieved
1864:
1845:
1818:
1812:
1803:
1791:. Retrieved
1757:
1748:
1736:. Retrieved
1698:
1651:
1642:
1633:128,222 ...
1625:
1616:
1604:. Retrieved
1568:
1558:
1546:. Retrieved
1532:
1520:. Retrieved
1516:the original
1502:
1477:
1467:
1464:Manning, F.N
1458:
1449:
1440:
1419:
1382:
1370:. Retrieved
1360:
1327:
1315:. Retrieved
1301:
1289:. Retrieved
1281:
1219:Kew Cottages
1187:
1168:
1165:
1149:
1142:
1133:
1125:
1121:Jeff Kennett
1118:
1094:
1087:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1041:
1037:
1022:psychiatrist
1007:
1003:
986:
965:
950:
935:
921:
915:
913:
889:
840:Paris Nesbit
786:
776:
744:
723:
668:
642:
623:
597:
588:
584:Kew Cottages
551:
543:Hugh Linaker
507:
486:
479:
447:
431:mansard roof
418:Colney Hatch
411:
386:Samuel Amess
375:, parish of
361:
356:
354:
350:
322:
297:
286:
254:
233:
213:
212:
118:Organisation
29:
3527:MonashHeart
3363:Kew Inquiry
3311:9 September
3281:1 September
3248:. July 2005
3219:Kew Asylum"
2311:1 September
2218:8 September
2105:9 September
2074:5 September
2025:8 September
1952:7 September
1522:7 September
1497:Walker, p.4
1372:2 September
1090:City of Kew
930:Ephraim Zox
928:chaired by
853:Harry Trott
814:Bill Farnan
711:Melancholia
706:Inebriation
482:ha-ha walls
468:Ha-Ha walls
341:Yarra River
202:Other links
138:Psychiatric
124:Care system
105: /
93:145°01′25″E
80:Coordinates
74:, Australia
3832:Categories
3772:Kew Asylum
3330:2 November
3252:20 October
3208:References
3006:8 November
2980:9 November
2948:7 November
2890:17 October
2780:2 November
2744:2 November
2575:Zox, p.284
2561:25 October
2535:17 October
2370:6 November
2276:7 November
1793:25 October
1738:25 October
1635:Beechworth
1606:7 November
1548:8 November
1176:Royal Park
999:Beechworth
953:inebriates
789:inebriates
727:depression
678:Delusional
650:spectacles
539:yellow box
454:Beechworth
439:courtyards
394:Beechworth
379:, city of
377:Boroondara
345:Yarra Bend
265:Beechworth
246:inebriates
90:37°47′42″S
38:Kew Asylum
3340:cite book
3228:27 August
3041:28 August
2716:Sanderson
2707:Day, p.35
2693:5 October
2584:Day, p.82
2415:1833-7538
2263:1833-7538
1975:Day, p.60
1966:Day, p.57
1881:30 August
1849:Day, p.67
1702:Day, p.71
1669:Day, p.34
1655:Day, p.37
1646:Day, p.32
1620:Day, p.29
1593:1833-7538
1435:Day, p.22
1423:Day, p.30
1386:Day, p.36
1343:Day, p.31
1291:30 August
1180:Mont Park
1170:The Argus
1066:guide dog
1025:John Cade
1014:prognosis
917:The Argus
863:Tom Wills
755:imbeciles
731:catatonia
716:Puerperal
671:Kraepelin
657:Diagnoses
633:justices.
567:hoop pine
488:The Argus
462:Melbourne
364:Victorian
273:Victorian
234:Willsmere
230:Australia
226:Melbourne
59:Geography
18:Willsmere
3361:VPP1876
3196:(1931).
3157:Archived
3035:Archived
3000:Archived
2971:Archived
2866:71386821
2774:Archived
2738:Archived
2684:Archived
2663:18142718
2627:(1949).
2555:Archived
2529:Archived
2423:70677943
2364:Archived
2329:(2006).
2305:Archived
2271:70677943
2212:Archived
2175:Archived
2138:Archived
2068:Archived
2019:Archived
1946:Archived
1912:Archived
1875:Archived
1784:Archived
1732:Archived
1601:70677943
1542:Archived
1466:(1868).
1448:(1847).
1311:Archived
1198:See also
1098:Bundoora
865:–
832:–
822:–
747:lunatics
691:Epilepsy
686:Dementia
681:insanity
620:privies.
594:Patients
519:conifers
443:verandas
426:barracks
248:", and "
242:lunatics
143:Services
72:Victoria
64:Location
3750:Defunct
3715:Private
3605:Private
2654:2560740
1400:VPP1876
1317:8 April
1184:Sunbury
940:of the
900:asylums
753:" (or "
749:" and "
458:mansard
368:miasmas
166:History
3667:Public
3468:Public
3020:Walker
2864:
2661:
2651:
2479:
2451:
2421:
2413:
2403:
2337:
2269:
2261:
2251:
1918:10 May
1833:
1631:Ararat
1599:
1591:
1581:
1154:. The
1027:) and
1008:After
995:Ararat
957:idiots
938:J Ward
924:, the
751:idiots
701:Idiocy
646:insane
450:Ararat
435:cupola
414:asylum
390:Ararat
261:Ararat
250:idiots
179:Closed
171:Opened
161:1000 +
3275:(jpg)
2974:(PDF)
2967:(PDF)
2862:S2CID
2687:(PDF)
2680:(PDF)
2507:Pratt
1787:(PDF)
1780:(PDF)
1472:p.166
1307:"VHD"
1230:Notes
981:Ha ha
719:mania
343:from
278:ha-ha
192:Lists
187:Links
3388:help
3346:link
3332:2009
3313:2008
3283:2008
3254:2008
3230:2008
3165:2008
3139:help
3107:help
3075:help
3043:2008
3008:2008
2982:2008
2950:2008
2924:help
2892:2008
2826:help
2782:2009
2746:2009
2695:2008
2659:PMID
2563:2008
2537:2008
2477:ISBN
2449:ISBN
2430:2008
2419:OCLC
2411:ISSN
2401:ISBN
2372:2008
2335:ISBN
2313:2008
2278:2008
2267:OCLC
2259:ISSN
2249:ISBN
2220:2008
2183:2008
2146:2008
2107:2008
2076:2008
2027:2008
1954:2008
1920:2008
1883:2008
1831:ISBN
1795:2008
1740:2008
1693:Cass
1608:2008
1597:OCLC
1589:ISSN
1579:ISBN
1550:2008
1524:2008
1374:2008
1319:2016
1293:2008
1182:and
997:and
955:and
673:era
602:and
573:and
529:and
527:elms
523:oaks
452:and
433:and
392:and
263:and
244:", "
182:1988
174:1871
158:Beds
134:Type
2854:doi
2649:PMC
2641:doi
1823:doi
1414:Zox
1256:Day
1190:by
1108:or
733:or
416:in
381:Kew
222:Kew
68:Kew
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