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and the other was south of the moat (the Old Garden). A third garden (the New Garden) was laid out north of the castle around 1472–1517. The Old and New
Gardens covered about 1 acre (4,000 m) each; the former had a brick wall while the later was enclosed by a wet moat. The Old Garden contained an orchard and alleys for bowling and walking, popular pastimes of the nobility from the 16th century onwards. It also contained a two-storey 15th-century building known as the ‘School House’ where
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193:(partially demolished) on several occasions in 1646–50. The 1648 demolition work was focused on the castle's battlements, with a contemporary letter noting that “ agents would show no care in preserving any of the materials, but pitched of the stones from the battlements to the ground” Destruction was more extensive two years later, when
403:, a type of broad shallow lake. As well as this, there were two fishponds, but their dating is uncertain. During Wressle Castle's heyday in the 16th century, the quality of the gardens and ornamental landscape would have paralleled the interior of the renovated buildings, possibly even rivalling gardens at royal properties.
382:
in 1086. The castle was built at the west end of the settlement on one of the two main roads through
Wressle. It is unclear whether this was a manorial centre before the castle was built, or whether it was an entirely new site. The castle was given multiple gardens which likely resulted in some parts
390:
The gardens at
Wressle Castle were probably created at the same time as the castle was built. Documentary evidence indicates that by the late-15th century Wressle Castle had two gardens, both located to the south of the castle. One was probably between the south moat and the castle (the Moat Garden)
268:
As part of the conservation and repair work, ecological surveys were carried out. They found four different species of bat at the site across 20 roosting locations. Repair work was timed to minimise the impact on the bats, and some cracks were left as they were so that they could continue to be used
110:
in which Thomas Percy was captured. Two days later, on 23 July, he was beheaded and his property – including
Wressle Castle – was subsequently confiscated by the crown. Between 1403 and 1471 ownership of the castle swapped between the crown and those the reigning monarch chose to grant it
154:
and in
October he sought the support of the Percy family. Aske travelled to Wressle Castle and tried to persuade Henry Algernon Percy, who at the time was suffering from illness, to join the rebellion. Though initially opposed to Aske, Percy eventually gave him control of Wressle Castle. Percy had
40:
in the 1390s. It is privately owned and it is usually open to the public for a few days each year. Wressle Castle originally consisted of four ranges built around a central courtyard; there was a tower at each corner, and the structure was entered through a gatehouse in the east wall, facing the
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A banqueting house was built just inside the south-west corner of the moat. Though it was probably built in the 16th century, it was in a dilapidated state by 1577. A base court (an enclosed area) was added in front of the castle's gatehouse after the main complex was built, but it unclear when.
264:
invested £500,000 in repairing the castle and in 2015 Wressle was no longer considered ‘at risk’ and was removed from the register. This included architectural and landscape surveys carried out by Ed
Dennison Archaeological Services, with funding from the Castle Studies Trust for the landscape
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that the castle was "one of the most proper beyond the Trent, and seemeth as newly made ...The castle is all of very fair and great squared stone, both within and without". He also gave the first surviving description of the castle gardens, noting that they were "exceedingly fair" and with
55:
The castle was embedded within an ornamental landscape, with two gardens laid out at the same time as the castle was founded and a third created later. Wressle was intended as a high-status residence rather than a fortress and was never besieged. However, it was held by
Parliament during the
80:
In the later Middle Ages, the Percy family was one of four major land-owning dynasties in
Yorkshire. The 14th century saw their properties spread into Northumberland, though Yorkshire remained important. The Percys held the manor of Wressle from the early 14th century, and it was granted to
155:
fallen out with his younger brothers, and when he died in 1537 his one surviving brother did not inherit because he was imprisoned for his role in the
Pilgrimage of Grace. In 1537, the crown again resumed control of Wressle Castle, and Henry VIII visited for three nights in 1541.
297:. Clockwise from north east the corner towers were named the Constable Tower (where the constable who ran the castle on a daily basis lived), the Chapel Tower, the Lord's Tower, and the Kitchen Tower. Opposite the gatehouse, in the castle's west range, was the
85:
in 1364. Wressle Castle was first documented in 1402, but was probably built in the 1390s. By 1390, Thomas Percy had spent nearly ten years abroad as either a soldier or on diplomatic errands. From then on he was active in the royal sphere and friends of both
197:, was ordered to demolish everything that remain except the south range of the castle. The earl would be allowed to use the surviving range as a manor house. The damage was not confined to the castle buildings, and probably affected the ornamental landscape.
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Though Henry IV gave Thomas Percy influence in south Wales, relations between the two deteriorated due partly to delays in payment. Thomas’ nephew, Henry Percy, rose in armed rebellion in July 1403 and Thomas joined him. The rebellion culminated in the
331:
and worked at Lumley, both Percy properties. Archaeologist
Malcolm Hislop suggests that Lewyn also designed Wressle, and that "it is difficult to believe that were designed independently of each other."
48:, Wressle Castle was confiscated by the Crown. With occasional periods when it was granted to other people, the castle was mostly under royal control until 1471 when it was returned to the Percy family.
241:. The remains include earthworks indicating the moat, and some parts of the castle: the remains of the two towers of the south range; and a building fragment, thought to have been a bakehouse.
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Wressle Castle from the south east in 1961. Between the camera and the castle lie the earthworks of what probably used to be part of the village. Beyond that would have been the outer garden.
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119:, undertook an extensive programme of refurbishment at Wressle Castle, refurbishing the interior and updating the gardens. At the time he was one of the richest men in England.
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and partly demolished in 1646–50, leaving the south range still standing. Nearly 150 years later, it was further damaged by a fire that struck the house. In the 21st century,
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during which time it was badly damaged. At the time it was estimated that the damaged to the castle and surrounding area would take £1,000 to repair. Wressle Castle was
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94:. According to archaeologist and architectural historian Anthony Emery Wressle Castle was built “as a residence reflecting pedigree and distinguished state service”.
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who on 19 February 1796 caused a fire which gutted the castle's remaining wing. He had been trying to clear the chimney. A report three months later in
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Brears, Peter (2010), "Wressle Castle: Functions, Fixtures and Furnishings for Henry Percy 'The Magnificent' fifth Earl of Northumberland, 1498–1527",
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noted that “This loss was of truly national significance". The farm continued to be leased to tenants, and the farmhouse which still stands was built
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which spanned two storeys, with the 'Lady's Chamber' and a library above. The 'Lady's Chamber' is the only explicitly space for women in the castle.
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323:, historian Eric John Fisher suggested that Wressle Castle was built in the last quarter of the 14th century. This coincides with the career of
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225:. By 1880 the castle was partially covered in ivy. In 1957 the castle and farm were sold to the Falkingham family who own the site today.
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Richardson, Shaun; Dennison, Ed (2014–15), "Wressle Castle, East Yorkshire: Gardens Survey Interim Summary",
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was compiled around this time and details day-to-day domestic activities at the castles of Wressle and
252:. The state of the site deteriorated to the point at which in 1999 Wressle Castle was included on the
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who assumed the name Percy and was later Duchess of Northumberland. Wressle Castle was occupied by a
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Garden and Other Earthworks, South of Wressle Castle, Wressle, East Yorkshire: Archaeological Survey
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812:"The bakehouse at Wressle castle approximately 30 metres north of ruins of Wressle castle (1160652)"
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and the Lord's Tower in the south west contained the owner's accommodation and private rooms.
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Archaeology of destruction: a reinterpretation of castle slightings in the English Civil War
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Hoyle, R. W. (2008b). "Percy, Henry Algernon, sixth earl of Northumberland (c.1502–1537)".
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The castle remained with the Percy family until the mid-18th century when it passed to the
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Hoyle, R. W. (2008a). "Percy, Henry Algernon, fifth earl of Northumberland (1478–1527)".
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Late 14th-century quadrangular castle in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England
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Wetland areas south and east of the castle may have been used to emulate a
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to, though only for short periods. In 1471, Wressle Castle was given to
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Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales: Volume I Northern England
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Brown, A. L. (2008). "Percy, Thomas, earl of Worcester (c.1343–1403)".
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flows north–south about 590 feet (180 m) west of the castle.
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was ordered to complete demolition of Wressle Castle in 1650.
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Percy died at Wressle in 1527 and was succeeded by his son,
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The castle was garrisoned by parliamentarians during the
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Grade I listed buildings in the East Riding of Yorkshire
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https://www.facebook.com/Wressle-Castle-618710304943730/
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Based on architectural similarities with the castles of
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Buildings and structures completed in the 14th century
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visited Wressle Castle in about 1540. He wrote in his
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After Thomas Percy was executed for rebelling against
1346:: a bibliography of sources related to Wressle Castle
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The Pilgrimage of Grace and the Politics of the 1530s
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Behind the Castle Gate: From Medieval to Renaissance
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Scheduled monuments in the East Riding of Yorkshire
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All that remains of the building is the south range
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1267:. The Buildings of England. Yale University Press.
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1103:Some Yorkshire estates of the Percies, 1450–1650
362:Wressle Castle, East Yorkshire: Beginning to End
167:orchards beyond the moat. The Scottish nobleman
136:Henry Algernon Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland
117:Henry Algernon Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland
1350:Details of the work by the Castle Studies Trust
876:"Nature recovery and the historic environment"
378:pre-dates the castle, and was recorded in the
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204:. The lands and castle were then inherited by
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115:, returning it to the Percy family. His son,
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1211:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1176:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1061:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
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839:"Heritage at Risk: Yorkshire Register 2015"
195:Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland
179:Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland
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142:was a popular revolt against the rule of
1303:Richardson, Shaun; Dennison, Ed (2015),
1263:Pevsner, Nikolaus; Neave, David (2002).
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364:, talk given by Shaun Richardson to the
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1208:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1201:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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383:of the village being built over. The
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413:Castles in Great Britain and Ireland
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1265:Yorkshire: York and the East Riding
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703:"Ruins of Wressle Castle (1083170)"
169:Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox
32:is a ruined palace-fortress in the
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817:National Heritage List for England
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708:National Heritage List for England
327:, who designed the great tower at
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734:"Wressle Castle (1005210)"
418:List of castles in England
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475:. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
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233:Wressle Castle is now a
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101:Ruins of Wressle Castle
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256:. Historic England,
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945:, p. 191
944:
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840:
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765:, p. 768
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731:
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710:
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385:River Derwent
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244:According to
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210:tenant farmer
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998:
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957:, p. 46
950:
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886:. Retrieved
882:
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846:. Retrieved
833:
821:. Retrieved
815:
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790:. Retrieved
786:
743:. Retrieved
737:
724:
712:. Retrieved
706:
693:
681:
669:
662:Rakoczy 2007
656:
650:Rakoczy 2007
633:, p. 12
615:
610:
593:
582:
570:
559:
554:, p. 90
552:Johnson 2002
547:
542:, p. 55
535:
523:
494:
468:
456:. Retrieved
452:
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273:Architecture
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158:Antiquarian
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83:Thomas Percy
79:
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43:
38:Thomas Percy
29:
28:
18:
1458:East Riding
1388: /
955:Hislop 2007
939:Fisher 1954
927:Brears 2010
848:16 February
674:Brears 2010
605:, p. 9
587:Hoyle 2008b
564:Hoyle 2008a
540:Brears 2010
269:as roosts.
237:ruin and a
223: 1810
160:John Leland
152:Robert Aske
1518:Categories
1466:Cottingham
1394: (
1372:53°46′32″N
1227:required.)
1192:required.)
1077:required.)
1027:: 55–114,
979:Emery 1996
915:Emery 1996
903:Neave 1984
888:1 December
714:7 February
660:Quoted in
599:Neave 1984
597:Quoted in
575:Hoyle 2001
528:Emery 1996
499:Emery 1996
488:Brown 2008
436:Emery 1996
325:John Lewyn
299:great hall
144:Henry VIII
125:Leconfield
1502:Also See:
1471:Driffield
1375:0°55′43″W
1298:: 190–198
1041:161565669
823:5 January
336:Landscape
295:gatehouse
164:Itinerary
41:village.
745:23 March
407:See also
265:survey.
260:and the
191:slighted
68:and the
1491:Wressle
1486:Skipsea
1446:England
1258:: 58–60
792:26 July
376:Wressle
368:in 2016
76:History
1443:
1240:
1221:
1186:
1152:
1134:
1090:
1071:
1039:
458:31 May
321:Lumley
319:, and
317:Bolton
138:. The
1481:Paull
1310:(PDF)
1037:S2CID
879:(PDF)
842:(PDF)
424:Notes
1476:Hull
1238:ISBN
1150:ISBN
1132:ISBN
1088:ISBN
890:2023
850:2016
825:2015
794:2014
747:2015
716:2013
460:2022
401:mere
90:and
1256:141
1213:doi
1178:doi
1124:doi
1063:doi
1029:doi
1025:167
1520::
1296:28
1294:,
1254:,
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1130:,
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810:.
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781:.
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732:.
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1215::
1184:.
1180::
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1065::
1031::
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852:.
827:.
796:.
749:.
718:.
462:.
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