212:
504:
492:
50:
1062:
1034:
854:
57:
757:, taught alongside English. The method has proven effective against reducing the drop-out rate, and in 2020 eight students were the first in their community to graduate year 12 with scores enabling them to attend university. Yirrkala School and its sister school, Laynhapuy Homelands School, are now being looked to as models for learning in remote traditional communities.
317:
MOM received a government subsidy to run the mission, and school classes operated from 1936, at first outdoors under a tree, and later beneath the
Mission House. In 1951, a new school building was built, and, by 1952, it had 47 children regularly attending classes there, taught by a Miss Proctor. She
313:
Mission superintendents included founding superintendent Wilbur
Chaseling, Harold Thornell, and Edgar Wells, who wrote about their experiences there. The residents were free to come and go as they wished, and the interaction was on the whole positive in those early days, with a lack of dogmatism by
648:
As of 2015 it represented more than 300 artists from around the homelands, and exhibitions of work by the artists were being shown across
Australia and internationally. As of 2020, the centre comprises two divisions: the Yirrkala Art Centre, which represents the artists exhibiting and selling
744:
At
Yirrkala School, formerly Yirrkala Community School, renamed "Yirrkala Community Education Centre" or "Yirrkala CEC" after it became a location of one of the trial Community Education Centres (CEC) in 1988, students undertake a method of
211:
833:
She retired in early 2023 after 40 years at the school, with family, friends, colleagues and other community members gathering to celebrate her contribution. Since retirement, she has been teaching traditional healing with
1503:
1477:
390:
went ahead as planned, it alerted non-Indigenous
Australians to the need for Indigenous representation in such decisions, and it prompted a government report recommending compensation payments, protection of
2117:
815:
in 1998. This was despite the fact that
Yirrkala School had been identified as the first to undergo bilingual accreditation in 1980, and bilingual students outperformed the non-bilingual students.
818:
Yunupingu was appointed senior teacher at the school in 2004, and has often been called "mother of the school", and became known for her mentoring of other teachers. She was awarded the
2110:
2187:
2146:
455:
is the local government for
Yirrkala, which is in the council's Gumurr Miwatj Ward. It consults with Yirrkala Mala Leaders Association, consisting of 12 elected community members.
2182:
2167:
822:'s Teaching Excellence Award in the Remote Primary category for her work at Yirrkala, and her artwork has featured in exhibitions in Australia and the US. She has also been an
2103:
709:
1702:
523:. Their work is visible to the public at the Buku-Larrnggay Mulka Art Centre and Museum and also at the YBE art centre. Pioneer bark painters from this region who the
2265:
520:
575:
There is a stage called the Roy Marika Stage at the centre, which is used for the annual
Yarrapay Festival. The festival's June 2021 iteration was directed by
399:
to scrutinise developments at
Yirrkala, and also acknowledgments of the Indigenous people's moral right to their lands. The Bark Petition is on display in the
1454:
1989:
468:
198:
186:
701:
634:
532:
344:
Around 1974, control of the mission was passed to the
Yirrkala Dhanbul Community Association, and it was no longer was operated as a mission thereafter.
1641:
174:
1750:
49:
2216:
82:
753:
order to teach English for the first four hours each day, the school continued to teach in its own way, with the child's first language,
1963:
1667:
1811:
1587:
1560:
503:
2255:
1172:
1775:
1868:
594:
The centre was established by local artists in the old Mission health centre in 1976, after the missionaries had left and as the
322:
for three years. The mission received child endowment for every Aboriginal child there, regardless of attendance at the school.
1930:
650:
1694:
1061:
1033:
1415:
491:
2035:
1938:
1819:
1423:
353:
1178:
1365:
1188:
416:
392:
749:
dubbed "both ways", incorporating a cultural curriculum called Galtha Rom, meaning cultural lessons. Despite a 2009
2141:
625:), who painted one sheet with their major ancestral narratives and clan designs, and eight elders of the Yirritja
2192:
1046:
1011:
883:
1246:
286:
community at Yirrkala throughout recorded history, but the community increased enormously in size when Yirrkala
2177:
2088:
1672:
1336:
1205:
865:
2197:
2172:
1225:
819:
808:
750:
626:
432:
387:
235:
159:
153:
1311:
519:, can be found in art galleries around the world, and whose work frequently wins awards such as the Telstra
2202:
2162:
2040:
1613:
1298:
1050:
524:
452:
341:
by other means. The school did not operate during this time, and all "white women" were evacuated in 1942.
75:
1015:
314:
the missionaries, and the Yolngu people accommodating Christianity within a version of their own beliefs.
290:
was founded in 1935, with people from 13 different Yolngu clans moving to Yirrkala. Around this time, the
1724:
561:
555:
258:
191:
1884:...the 68-year-old has been teaching the next generation about traditional healing since her retirement.
2095:
1135:
1114:
400:
291:
165:
827:
357:
326:
1449:
2070:
964:
2075:
1869:"Melanoma researchers Richard Scolyer and Georgina Long named joint 2024 Australians of the Year"
919:
766:
693:
689:
645:
designs. They were discarded by the church in 1974, but were salvaged by Buku-Larrnggay in 1978.
2010:
1115:"Mutual conversion?: The methodist church and the Yolngu, with particular reference to Yirrkala"
721:
606:
595:
480:
476:
367:
361:
283:
266:
262:
250:
129:
121:
1899:
769:, also known as Yalmay Yunupingu Marika (sometimes hyphenated) or just Yalmay Yunupingu (born
2045:
979:
630:
459:
378:
to protest the Prime Minister's announcement that a parcel of their land was to be sold to a
375:
307:
2085:
Printmaking by Yolngu artists of Northeast Arnhem Land: 'Another way of telling our stories'
1389:
1173:
Parliament of Australia. House of Representatives Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs;
841:
On 25 January 2024 she was announced as 2024 Senior Australian of the Year and travelled to
2260:
1812:"At Yirrkala School, bilingual education has become a model for remote Aboriginal learning"
990:
907:
725:
705:
622:
569:
528:
334:
203:
653:, and The Mulka Project, which incorporates the museum. It is known for its production of
8:
975:
949:
804:
746:
1416:"Coronavirus restrictions are easing, and now this NT gallery is marking two milestones"
1217:
2127:
984:
733:
729:
713:
431:, Northern Territory, 18 kilometres (11 mi) southeast of the large mining town of
428:
396:
231:
227:
179:
36:
1371:
1361:
1274:
1184:
1082:
697:
685:
673:
638:
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546:(didgeridoo), and some of the world's finest didgeridoos are still made at Yirrkala.
303:
1147:
382:
mining company. Although the petition itself was unsuccessful in the sense that the
261:
pilots and engineers based in Arnhem Land, providing air transport services. At the
1931:"Yolngu elder and bilingual educator Yalmay Yunupingu retires from Yirrkala school"
925:
901:
895:
812:
681:
1174:
823:
781:
717:
576:
319:
287:
20:
1301:. 2021 Census, All persons QuickStats Australian Bureau of Statistics. (n.d.).
937:
889:
793:
618:
614:
536:
512:
436:
383:
239:
1964:"Yalmay Yunupingu: The Bilingual Warrior and Champion of Indigenous Education"
511:
Yirrkala is home to a number of leading Indigenous artists, whose traditional
366:
Yirrkala played a pivotal role in the development of the relationship between
234:, Australia, 18 kilometres (11 mi) southeast of the large mining town of
2249:
2231:
2218:
1990:"Government Support for NT Bilingual Education after 1950: A Longer Timeline"
1531:
1375:
955:
913:
853:
835:
677:
654:
516:
371:
216:
97:
84:
960:
800:
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588:
463:
295:
969:
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785:
580:
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496:
440:
299:
243:
2125:
931:
777:
338:
330:
1840:
1478:"Bark Ladies at NGV review: This exhibition will knock your socks off"
877:
662:
692:. Women artists who have worked at the centre include five sisters:
842:
642:
404:
329:
airbase operated close by. Many mission residents worked there, as
310:
culture, in particular the Yolngu people who lived in East Arnhem.
807:" bilingual education for her whole career, standing firm against
1642:"Buku-Larrnggay Mulka Centre – sharing Yolgnu art with the world"
943:
811:
policies which dictated that NT schools should teach only in the
658:
584:
379:
1561:"Yirrkala Church Panels: how pictures redrew indigenous history"
928:(c.1959–2008), scholar, educator, linguist and cultural advocate
672:
The centre has been a base for several major artists, including
479:, Yirrkala had a population of 657, of whom 79.8% identified as
265:, Yirrkala had a population of 657, of whom 79.8% identified as
1565:
1045:
1010:
784:
and the sister of artist, cultural leader and environmentalist
666:
543:
254:
1501:
963:(born 1994 in Yirrkala), professional football player for the
1792:
610:
1588:"Marking Places, Cross-Hatching Worlds: The Yirrkala Panels"
318:
was not a trained teacher, but had worked at the mission on
1180:
Inquiry into the Aboriginal homelands movement in Australia
861:
Yirrkala has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
1636:
1634:
780:
of north-east Arnhem Land, and is the daughter of artist
572:
based there. It is often referred to as Buku for short.
521:
National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Art Awards
1631:
940:(1927–1987), artist, actor, Indigenous rights activist
1843:. Darwin: Charles Darwin University Press (CDU Press)
507:
A woodcarving of female spirit collected at Yirrkala
469:
Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976
466:
to the community, responsible for matters under the
1098:
Created: 7 February 2011, Last modified: 8 May 2014
564:, formerly Buku-Larrŋgay Arts, is a world-renowned
294:(MOM) was encouraging their senior staff to study
1695:"Indigenous Visual Arts Industry Support program"
1358:Old masters : Australia's great bark artists
499:of Nureri the fire ancestor collected at Yirrkala
370:and non-Indigenous Australians when the document
2266:Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory
2247:
374:was created at Yirrkala in 1963 and sent to the
1957:
1955:
1862:
1860:
1858:
481:Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people
267:Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people
609:were created in 1963 by Yolngu elders of the
549:
2111:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1558:
978:(1948–2023), land rights activist and chair,
2071:Mirrored realms: The bark ladies of Yirrkala
1952:
1855:
1183:. Australian Government Publishing Service.
1108:
1106:
1080:
1292:
422:
257:people, and it is also home to a number of
118:
2118:
2104:
1917:
1805:
1803:
1791:Nambara Schools Council Submission to the
1725:"Bark Ladies to open at NGV International"
1450:"Bark Ladies centres female Yolŋu artists"
1081:George, Gary; George, Karen (8 May 2014).
1060:
1032:
760:
579:, and featured the Andrew Gurruwiwi Band,
2082:
1894:
1892:
1166:
1103:
857:One of the Wurrwurrwuy stone arrangements
799:She has translated children's books into
16:Town in the Northern Territory, Australia
2005:
2003:
1961:
852:
502:
490:
446:
395:, creation of a permanent parliamentary
210:
2083:Salvestro, Denise Yvonne (April 2016).
1809:
1800:
1781:(Report). Nambara Schools Council. 1999
1526:
1524:
1443:
1441:
249:Its population comprises predominantly
2248:
1987:
1889:
1475:
1360:. National Museum of Australia. 2013.
1269:
1267:
1112:
2099:
2034:
2000:
1928:
1768:
1751:"Yirrkala Community Education Centre"
1554:
1552:
1447:
1239:
1200:– via Parliament of Australia.
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
542:It is also a traditional home of the
1866:
1521:
1502:Rirratjingu Aboriginal Corporation.
1469:
1448:Perin, Victoria (13 December 2021).
1438:
1251:Miwatj Health Aboriginal Corporation
1148:"Yirrkala bark petitions 1963 (Cth)"
904:(1988–), Australian rules footballer
892:(1985-), Australian rules footballer
848:
410:
1939:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1867:Gore, Charlotte (25 January 2024).
1841:"Yalangbara: art of the Djang'kawu"
1820:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1476:Kubler, Alison (19 February 2022).
1424:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1264:
641:, who painted the other sheet with
354:Aboriginal land rights in Australia
13:
2126:Localities and communities of the
2063:
1988:Devlin, Brian (12 November 2020).
1795:Rural and Remote Education Inquiry
1705:from the original on 15 March 2024
1549:
1067:
987:(1956–2013), musician and educator
934:(1925–1993), councillor and artist
568:, with well-known artists such as
14:
2277:
1962:Kennelly, Shane (2 August 2023).
1929:James, Felicity (20 March 2023).
1614:"Buku-Larrnggay Mulka (Yirrkala)"
1020:Australian Census 2021 QuickStats
886:, businessman and cultural leader
871:
427:Yirrkala is a small community in
164:1,037 km (644 mi) E of
158:723 km (449 mi) ENE of
1154:. Museum of Australian Democracy
1051:"Yirrkala (suburb and locality)"
1016:"Yirrkala (suburb and locality)"
415:The settlement was funded as an
56:
55:
48:
2256:Towns in the Northern Territory
2036:"Wurrwurrwuy (Place ID 106088)"
2028:
1981:
1968:Indigenous Employment Australia
1833:
1743:
1717:
1687:
1660:
1606:
1580:
1495:
1408:
1382:
1350:
1329:
1304:
1047:Australian Bureau of Statistics
1012:Australian Bureau of Statistics
776:), is one member of the famous
669:, and many other forms of art.
2089:Australian National University
1810:Masters, Emma (11 July 2021).
1776:Education in the Yirrkala Area
1673:Art Gallery of South Australia
1559:Northern Myth (11 July 2013).
1210:
1140:
1039:
1004:
898:(1949–2004), ceremonial leader
866:Wurrwurrwuy stone arrangements
347:
152:18 km (11 mi) SE of
1:
1994:Friends of Bilingual Learning
1316:gallery.discoverymedia.com.au
1226:Northern Territory Government
1202:Published online 12 June 2011
997:
820:Northern Territory Government
809:Northern Territory Government
770:
751:Northern Territory Government
527:consider old masters include
2041:Australian Heritage Database
1904:National Museum of Australia
1668:"Buku-Larrŋgay Mulka Centre"
1279:East Arnhem Regional Council
1083:"Yirrkala Mission - Summary"
788:. She was married to former
765:Artist and teacher-linguist
739:
525:National Museum of Australia
453:East Arnhem Regional Council
7:
562:Buku-Larrnggay Mulka Centre
556:Buku-Larrnggay Mulka Centre
550:Buku-Larrnggay Mulka Centre
259:Mission Aviation Fellowship
19:For the genus of eels, see
10:
2282:
1536:Buku-Larrŋgay Mulka Centre
1312:"Art Right Now2 – IndgRes"
946:(1993–), Australian singer
875:
710:Eunice Djerrkngu Yunupingu
553:
486:
351:
292:Methodist Overseas Mission
277:
272:
18:
2155:
2134:
1618:Lauraine Diggins Fine Art
1504:"Annual Report 2021–2021"
1394:Aboriginal Bark Paintings
828:Charles Darwin University
792:lead singer and educator
358:Native title in Australia
197:
185:
173:
146:
138:
128:
113:
74:
43:
30:
2069:Fitzgerald, M. (2022). "
965:Western Sydney Wanderers
423:Location and description
226:is a small community in
2076:Art Monthly Australasia
1247:"On the Gove Peninsula"
1222:NT Place Names Register
1152:Documenting A Democracy
1113:Morphy, Howard (2005).
920:Kathy Balngayngu Marika
803:languages, and taught "
767:Yalmay Marika Yunupingu
761:Yalmay Marika Yunupingu
694:Nancy Gaymala Yunupingu
690:Yanggarriny Wunungmurra
325:During World War II, a
187:Territory electorate(s)
2232:12.25278°S 136.89167°E
2015:Australian of the Year
1055:Australian Census 2021
972:(1986–2000), rock band
858:
722:Naminapu Maymuru-White
607:Yirrkala Church Panels
596:Aboriginal land rights
508:
500:
362:Yirrkala Church Panels
306:, to learn more about
251:Aboriginal Australians
220:
98:12.25278°S 136.89167°E
2046:Australian Government
1594:(111). September 2020
1532:"Buku-Larrŋgay Mulka"
1125:(1). ANU Press: 41–53
980:Northern Land Council
856:
845:to accept the award.
631:Mungurrawuy Yunupingu
506:
494:
460:Northern Land Council
447:Governance and people
333:for the RAAF and the
308:Aboriginal Australian
219:collected at Yirrkala
214:
142:8 m (26 ft)
2237:-12.25278; 136.89167
1701:. 18 February 2024.
1275:"Yirrkala in detail"
991:Nyapanyapa Yunupingu
908:Nonggirrnga Marawili
878:Marika § Family
726:Nonggirrnga Marawili
706:Nyapanyapa Yunupingu
623:Mithinarri Gurruwiwi
570:Nyapanyapa Yunupingu
529:Mithinarri Gurruwiwi
335:Royal Australia Navy
103:-12.25278; 136.89167
2228: /
1900:"The Marika family"
1699:Office for the Arts
1455:Art Guide Australia
1119:Humanities Research
976:Galarrwuy Yunupingu
950:Maminydjama Maymuru
916:(1954–2021), artist
661:in natural fibres,
199:Federal division(s)
94: /
2128:East Arnhem Region
1087:Find & Connect
985:Mandawuy Yunupingu
859:
734:Margaret Wirrpanda
730:Dhambit Mununggurr
714:Dhuwarrwarr Marika
665:(memorial poles),
613:moiety (including
600:Homeland movements
509:
501:
429:East Arnhem Region
419:during the 1980s.
397:standing committee
376:Federal Government
337:, or assisted the
282:There has been an
232:Northern Territory
228:East Arnhem Region
221:
180:East Arnhem Region
37:Northern Territory
2211:
2210:
2011:"Yalmay Yunupiŋu"
1646:Indigenous.gov.au
1396:. 18 October 2017
1337:"Buku Art Centre"
993:(c.1945), painter
910:(c.1938), painter
884:Timmy Burarrwanga
849:Heritage listings
747:bilingual studies
702:Barrupu Yunupingu
698:Gulumbu Yunupingu
686:Djambawa Marawili
674:Gulumbu Yunupingu
639:Narritjin Maymuru
635:Birrikitji Gumana
533:Birrikitji Gumana
411:Outstation status
304:Sydney University
209:
208:
2273:
2243:
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2240:
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2007:
1998:
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1985:
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1959:
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1949:
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1807:
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1755:Adelaide Schools
1747:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1731:. 18 August 2021
1721:
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1390:"Mawalan Marika"
1386:
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1175:Blanchard, Allen
1170:
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1132:
1130:
1110:
1101:
1100:
1095:
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1078:
1065:
1064:
1058:
1049:(28 June 2022).
1043:
1037:
1036:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1014:(28 June 2022).
1008:
926:Raymattja Marika
902:Nathan Djerrkura
896:Gatjil Djerrkura
813:English language
775:
772:
682:Gunybi Ganambarr
651:contemporary art
401:Parliament House
120:
109:
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2130:
2124:
2079:, (331), 86–91.
2066:
2064:Further reading
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2048:
2033:
2029:
2019:
2017:
2009:
2008:
2001:
1986:
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1972:
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1512:
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1496:
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1128:
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1104:
1091:
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1079:
1068:
1044:
1040:
1024:
1022:
1009:
1005:
1000:
922:(1957–), dancer
880:
874:
851:
824:honorary fellow
782:Mathaman Marika
773:
763:
742:
718:Malaluba Gumana
602:gathered pace.
577:Witiyana Marika
558:
552:
515:, particularly
489:
451:As of 2024 the
449:
425:
413:
364:
350:
320:Goulburn Island
280:
275:
102:
100:
96:
93:
88:
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83:
81:
80:
70:
69:
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60:
35:
34:
31:
24:
21:Yirrkala (fish)
17:
12:
11:
5:
2279:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2200:
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2185:
2180:
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2170:
2165:
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2144:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2123:
2122:
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2108:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2080:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2027:
1999:
1980:
1951:
1916:
1888:
1854:
1832:
1799:
1767:
1742:
1729:green magazine
1716:
1686:
1659:
1648:. 2 March 2015
1630:
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1592:E-flux Journal
1579:
1548:
1520:
1494:
1468:
1437:
1407:
1381:
1366:
1349:
1328:
1303:
1299:"Yirrkala (L)"
1291:
1263:
1238:
1209:
1189:
1177:(March 1987).
1165:
1139:
1102:
1066:
1038:
1002:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
994:
988:
982:
973:
967:
958:
953:
952:(1997–), model
947:
944:Yirrmal Marika
941:
938:Wandjuk Marika
935:
929:
923:
917:
911:
905:
899:
893:
890:Raphael Clarke
887:
873:
872:Notable people
870:
869:
868:
850:
847:
836:bush medicines
794:Dr M Yunupingu
762:
759:
741:
738:
655:bark paintings
619:Wandjuk Marika
615:Mawalan Marika
554:Main article:
551:
548:
537:Mawalan Marika
513:Aboriginal art
488:
485:
448:
445:
437:Gove Peninsula
424:
421:
412:
409:
384:bauxite mining
349:
346:
279:
276:
274:
271:
240:Gove Peninsula
207:
206:
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2086:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2047:
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2037:
2031:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2004:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1956:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1925:
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1901:
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1426:. 29 May 2020
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1367:9781921953163
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956:Wukun Wanambi
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951:
948:
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942:
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930:
927:
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912:
909:
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903:
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864:
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797:
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778:Marika family
768:
758:
756:
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735:
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715:
712:; as well as
711:
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699:
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2039:
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2014:
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1967:
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1934:
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1903:
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1872:
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1835:
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1815:
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1733:. Retrieved
1728:
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1698:
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1645:
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1617:
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1564:
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1535:
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1509:. p. 15
1497:
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1481:
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1453:
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1419:
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1398:. Retrieved
1393:
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1331:
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1315:
1306:
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1278:
1254:. Retrieved
1250:
1241:
1229:. Retrieved
1221:
1212:
1201:
1194:. Retrieved
1179:
1168:
1156:. Retrieved
1151:
1142:
1127:. Retrieved
1122:
1118:
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1090:. Retrieved
1086:
1054:
1041:
1023:. Retrieved
1019:
1006:
961:Kwame Yeboah
860:
840:
832:
817:
801:Yolngu Matha
798:
764:
755:Yolngu Matha
743:
671:
647:
629:, including
604:
593:
589:East Journey
574:
559:
541:
510:
474:
467:
464:land council
457:
450:
426:
414:
393:sacred sites
365:
343:
324:
316:
312:
296:anthropology
281:
248:
223:
222:
25:
2261:Arnhem Land
2235: /
2223:136°53′30″E
2193:Ramingining
2188:Milyakburra
2156:Communities
2147:East Arnhem
1342:16 November
1321:16 November
970:Yothu Yindi
790:Yothu Yindi
786:Dr B Marika
774: 1955
581:Yothu Yindi
497:woodcarving
477:2021 census
441:Arnhem Land
348:Land rights
331:boat pilots
300:A. P. Elkin
263:2021 census
244:Arnhem Land
130:Postcode(s)
101: /
89:136°53′30″E
76:Coordinates
2250:Categories
2220:12°15′10″S
2183:Milingimbi
2178:Gunyangara
2135:Localities
2051:13 October
2020:25 January
1973:25 January
1878:25 January
1847:25 January
1513:17 January
1231:14 October
1218:"Yirrkala"
998:References
932:Roy Marika
876:See also:
566:art centre
417:outstation
368:Indigenous
352:See also:
339:war effort
284:Aboriginal
114:Population
86:12°15′10″S
2198:Umbakumba
2173:Gapuwiyak
2168:Galiwinku
1400:22 August
1376:857187130
1284:16 August
1256:5 October
1196:16 August
805:both ways
740:Education
663:larrakitj
435:, on the
433:Nhulunbuy
388:Nhulunbuy
238:, on the
236:Nhulunbuy
160:Katherine
154:Nhulunbuy
139:Elevation
2203:Yirrkala
2163:Angurugu
1944:21 March
1935:ABC News
1873:ABC News
1816:ABC News
1703:Archived
1420:ABC News
843:Canberra
643:Yirritja
405:Canberra
224:Yirrkala
204:Lingiari
147:Location
63:Yirrkala
32:Yirrkala
2087:(PhD).
1909:27 July
1825:16 July
1785:27 July
1760:27 July
1709:6 April
1652:6 April
1158:16 July
1025:28 June
659:weaving
585:Yirrmal
487:Culture
475:At the
462:is the
380:bauxite
288:mission
278:Mission
273:History
253:of the
1735:7 July
1679:6 July
1623:5 July
1598:5 July
1572:5 July
1566:Crikey
1541:30 May
1487:7 July
1482:Escape
1461:7 July
1430:30 May
1374:
1364:
1187:
1129:7 June
1092:7 June
1059:
1031:
732:; and
708:, and
688:, and
667:yidaki
627:moiety
587:, and
544:Yidaki
360:, and
298:under
255:Yolngu
175:LGA(s)
166:Darwin
1793:HREOC
1779:(PDF)
1507:(PDF)
611:Dhuwa
192:Mulka
117:657 (
2053:2018
2022:2024
1975:2024
1946:2023
1911:2021
1880:2024
1849:2024
1827:2021
1787:2021
1762:2021
1737:2022
1711:2024
1681:2022
1654:2024
1625:2022
1600:2022
1574:2022
1543:2020
1515:2022
1489:2022
1463:2022
1432:2020
1402:2019
1372:OCLC
1362:ISBN
1344:2018
1323:2018
1286:2020
1258:2020
1233:2018
1198:2020
1185:ISBN
1160:2021
1131:2023
1094:2023
1027:2022
637:and
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598:and
560:The
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
