Ireland - Knowledge

1619: 4196: 3560:, which supported agricultural practices that preserved hedgerow environments, are undergoing reforms. The Common Agricultural Policy had in the past subsidised potentially destructive agricultural practices, for example by emphasising production without placing limits on indiscriminate use of fertilisers and pesticides; but reforms have gradually decoupled subsidies from production levels and introduced environmental and other requirements. 32% of Ireland's greenhouse gas emissions are correlated to agriculture. Forested areas typically consist of monoculture plantations of non-native species, which may result in habitats that are not suitable for supporting native species of invertebrates. Natural areas require fencing to prevent over-grazing by 6669: 2053: 1085:

northern Iberia to western Scandinavia rather than substantially central European. In 2012, research showed that the occurrence of genetic markers for the earliest farmers was almost eliminated by Beaker-culture immigrants: they carried what was then a new Y-chromosome R1b marker, believed to have originated in Iberia about 2,500 BC. The prevalence amongst modern Irish men of this mutation is a remarkable 84%, the highest in the world, and closely matched in other populations along the Atlantic fringes down to Spain. A similar genetic replacement happened with lineages in mitochondrial DNA. This conclusion is supported by recent research carried out by the geneticist

2436: 4600: 1779: 3931: 3266: 1915: 18755: 2179: 552: 520: 2486: 5574: 4185: 3326: 2312: 3542: 3954: 3938: 4679: 1272: 3986: 100: 3970: 85: 6062: 4452: 3587: 1089:, who says: "British and Irish skeletons from the Bronze Age that followed the Beaker period had at most 10 per cent ancestry from the first farmers of these islands, with other 90 per cent from people like those associated with the Bell Beaker culture in the Netherlands." He suggests that it was Beaker users who introduced an Indo-European language, represented here by Celtic (i.e. a new language and culture introduced directly by migration and genetic replacement). 16555: 5794: 5496: 2730: 3474: 17000: 5963: 4905: 4152: 2839: 1022: 5171: 1723:, Irish Roman Catholics and Dissenters were increasingly deprived of various civil rights, even the ownership of hereditary property. Additional regressive punitive legislation followed in 1703, 1709 and 1728. This completed a comprehensive systemic effort to materially disadvantage Roman Catholics and Protestant Dissenters while enriching a new ruling class of Anglican conformists. The new Anglo-Irish ruling class became known as the 3875:, which killed roughly two-fifths of the island's population. The population rebounded and multiplied over the next century, but the Great Famine of the 1840s caused one million deaths and forced over one million more to emigrate in its immediate wake. Over the following century, the population was reduced by over half, at a time when the general trend in European countries was for populations to rise by an average of three-fold. 889:) forming between Ireland and Great Britain. By 14,000 BC this ice bridge existed only between Northern Ireland and Scotland and by 12,000 BC Ireland was completely separated from Great Britain. Later, around 6,100 BC, Great Britain became separated from continental Europe. Until recently, the earliest evidence of human activity in Ireland was dated at 12,500 years ago, demonstrated by a butchered bear bone found in a cave in 2603: 4141: 1459:, in recapturing his kingdom. In 1171, Henry arrived in Ireland in order to review the general progress of the expedition. He wanted to re-exert royal authority over the invasion which was expanding beyond his control. Henry successfully re-imposed his authority over Strongbow and the Cambro-Norman warlords and persuaded many of the Irish kings to accept him as their overlord, an arrangement confirmed in the 1175 1393: 14933: 1495: 1104: 3556:

rearing limits the space available for the establishment of native wild species. Hedgerows, however, traditionally used for maintaining and demarcating land boundaries, act as a refuge for native wild flora. This ecosystem stretches across the countryside and acts as a network of connections to preserve remnants of the ecosystem that once covered the island. Subsidies under the

6193:), a growing amount of commercial activity is carried out on an all-Ireland basis. This has been facilitated by the two jurisdictions' former shared membership of the European Union, and there have been calls from members of the business community and policymakers for the creation of an "all-Ireland economy" to take advantage of 1752:. An estimated 250,000 people (about one in eight of the population) died from the ensuing pestilence and disease. The Irish government halted export of corn and kept the army in quarters but did little more. Local gentry and charitable organisations provided relief but could do little to prevent the ensuing mortality. 1060:, a medieval Christian pseudo-history of Ireland, along with the presence of Celtic culture, language and artefacts found in Ireland such as Celtic bronze spears, shields, torcs and other finely crafted Celtic associated possessions. The theory holds that there were four separate Celtic invasions of Ireland. The 4550:

plantations gave it a permanent foothold in Ulster, and it remained the official and upper-class language elsewhere, the Irish-speaking chieftains and nobility having been deposed. Language shift during the 19th century replaced Irish with English as the first language for a vast majority of the population.

2013:". Unionists, especially those located in Ulster, were strongly opposed to Home Rule, which they thought would be dominated by Catholic interests. After several attempts to pass a Home Rule bill through parliament, it looked certain that one would finally pass in 1914. To prevent this from happening, the 5807:

Horse racing and greyhound racing are both popular in Ireland. There are frequent horse race meetings and greyhound stadiums are well-attended. The island is noted for the breeding and training of race horses and is also a large exporter of racing dogs. The horse racing sector is largely concentrated

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has played a significant role in the cultural life of the island since ancient times (and since the 17th century plantations, has been the focus of political identity and divisions on the island). Ireland's pre-Christian heritage fused with the Celtic Church following the missions of Saint Patrick in

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Precipitation falls throughout the year but is light overall, particularly in the east. The west tends to be wetter on average and prone to Atlantic storms, especially in the late autumn and winter months. These occasionally bring destructive winds and higher total rainfall to these areas, as well as

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The passage of the Act in the Irish Parliament was ultimately achieved with substantial majorities, having failed on the first attempt in 1799. According to contemporary documents and historical analysis, this was achieved through a considerable degree of bribery, with funding provided by the British

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between Ireland and large areas of continental Europe, in contrast to parts of the Y-chromosome pattern. When taking both into account, a study concluded that modern Celtic speakers in Ireland could be thought of as European "Atlantic Celts" showing a shared ancestry throughout the Atlantic zone from

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incorporated elements of Irish traditional music into contemporary rock music and, during the 1970s and 1980s, the distinction between traditional and rock musicians became blurred, with many individuals regularly crossing over between these styles of playing. This trend can be seen more recently in

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has seen large-scale immigration, with 420,000 foreign nationals as of 2006, about 10% of the population. Nearly a quarter of births (24 percent) in 2009 were to mothers born outside of Ireland. Up to 50,000 eastern and central European migrant workers left Ireland in response to the Irish financial

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The population of Ireland collapsed dramatically during the second half of the 19th century. A population of over eight million in 1841 was reduced to slightly over four million by 1921. In part, the fall in population was caused by death from the Great Famine of 1845 to 1852, which took roughly one

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provides for co-operation between the Government of Ireland and the Government of the United Kingdom on all matters of mutual interest, especially Northern Ireland. In light of the Republic's particular interest in the governance of Northern Ireland, "regular and frequent" meetings co-chaired by the

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to build upon inroads to greater sovereignty made by the previous government. The oath was abolished and in 1937 a new constitution was adopted. This completed a process of gradual separation from the British Empire that governments had pursued since independence. However, it was not until 1949 that

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energy, this source of heat is still widely used in rural areas. However, because of the ecological importance of peatlands in storing carbon and their rarity, the EU is attempting to protect this habitat by fining Ireland for digging up peat. In cities, heat is generally supplied by natural gas or

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Music has been in evidence in Ireland since prehistoric times. Although in the early Middle Ages the church was "quite unlike its counterpart in continental Europe", there was a considerable interchange between monastic settlements in Ireland and the rest of Europe that contributed to what is known

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Modernisation brought secularisation in its wake. The traditionally high levels of religiosity have sharply declined. Foster points to three factors: First, Irish feminism, largely imported from America with liberal stances on contraception, abortion and divorce, undermined the authority of bishops

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made arrests based on surveillance carried out on the key diplomatic legations in Dublin. To the authorities, counterintelligence was a fundamental line of defence. With a regular army of only slightly over seven thousand men at the start of the war, and with limited supplies of modern weapons, the

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of 1845–1851 devastated Ireland, as in those years Ireland's population fell by one-third. More than one million people died from starvation and disease, with an additional million people emigrating during the famine, mostly to the United States and Canada. In the century that followed, an economic

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The GDP of the Republic of Ireland as of 2021 was €423.5 billion (nominal), and in Northern Ireland in 2021, it was £52 billion (GVA Balanced). The GDP per capita in the Republic of Ireland was €84,049.9 (nominal) as of 2021, and in Northern Ireland 2021 was £27,154 (GVA Balanced). The Republic of

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that are now being produced across the country. An example of this new cuisine is "Dublin Lawyer": lobster cooked in whiskey and cream. The potato remains however a fundamental feature of this cuisine and the Irish remain the highest per capita consumers of potatoes in Europe. Traditional regional

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has won gold in every European and World championship since 2005. In August 2012 at the Olympic Games in London, Taylor created history by becoming the first Irish woman to win a gold medal in boxing in the 60 kg lightweight. More recently, Kellie Harrington won a gold medal at the 2020 Tokyo

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In 1950, FIFA directed the associations only to select players from within their respective territories and, in 1953, directed that the FAI's team be known only as "Republic of Ireland" and that the IFA's team be known as "Northern Ireland" (with certain exceptions). Northern Ireland qualified for

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that began in 2008 dramatically ended this period of boom. GDP fell by 3% in 2008 and by 7.1% in 2009, the worst year since records began (although earnings by foreign-owned businesses continued to grow). The state has since experienced deep recession, with unemployment, which doubled during 2009,

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in Belfast being Ireland's oldest club. It was most popular, especially in its first decades, around Belfast and in Ulster. However, some clubs based outside Belfast thought that the IFA largely favoured Ulster-based clubs in such matters as selection for the national team. In 1921, following an

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The long history of agricultural production, coupled with modern intensive agricultural methods such as pesticide and fertiliser use and runoff from contaminants into streams, rivers and lakes, has placed pressure on biodiversity in Ireland. A land of green fields for crop cultivation and cattle

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Although Northern Ireland was largely spared the strife of the civil war, in the decades that followed partition there were sporadic episodes of inter-communal violence. Nationalists, mainly Roman Catholic, wanted to unite Ireland as an independent republic, whereas unionists, mainly Protestant,

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The theory was advanced in part because of the lack of archaeological evidence for large-scale Celtic immigration, though it is accepted that such movements are notoriously difficult to identify. Historical linguists are skeptical that this method alone could account for the absorption of Celtic

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Fewer than 2% of the population of the Republic of Ireland today speak Irish on a daily basis, and under 10% regularly, outside of the education system and 38% of those over 15 years are classified as "Irish speakers". In Northern Ireland, English is the de facto official language, but official

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argues the cause was a combination of a new sense of initiative and the entry of American corporations. He concludes the chief factors were low taxation, pro-business regulatory policies, and a young, tech-savvy workforce. For many multinationals, the decision to do business in Ireland was made

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British Isles: A geographical term taken to mean Great Britain, Ireland and some or all of the adjacent islands such as Orkney, Shetland and the Isle of Man. The phrase is best avoided, given its (understandable) unpopularity in the Irish Republic. Alternatives adopted by some publications are

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Food and cuisine in Ireland take their influence from the crops grown and animals farmed in the island's temperate climate and from the social and political circumstances of Irish history. For example, whilst from the Middle Ages until the arrival of the potato in the 16th century the dominant

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Although for most of their existence electricity networks in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland were entirely separate, the island has operated for some time as a single market for electricity. Both networks were designed and constructed independently post-partition but they are now

4977:(1742) being among the highlights of the baroque era. In the 19th century, public concerts provided access to classical music to all classes of society. Yet, for political and financial reasons Ireland has been too small to provide a living to many musicians, so the names of the better-known 6000:

The introduction of the potato in the second half of the 16th century heavily influenced cuisine thereafter. Great poverty encouraged a subsistence approach to food, and by the mid-19th century, the vast majority of the population sufficed with a diet of potatoes and milk. A typical family,

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and dance have seen a surge in popularity and global coverage since the 1960s. In the middle years of the 20th century, as Irish society was modernising, traditional music had fallen out of favour, especially in urban areas. However during the 1960s, there was a revival of interest in Irish

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and priests. Second, the mishandling of the paedophile scandals humiliated the Church, whose bishops seemed less concerned with the victims and more concerned with covering up for errant priests. Third, prosperity brought hedonism and materialism that undercut the ideals of saintly poverty.

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was first introduced during the Norman invasion. It was spoken by a few peasants and merchants brought over from England and was largely replaced by Irish before the Tudor conquest of Ireland. It was introduced as the official language during the Tudor and Cromwellian conquests. The Ulster

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is an institution through which ministers from the Government of Ireland and the Northern Ireland Executive agree all-island policies. At least six of these policy areas must have an associated all-island "implementation body," and at least six others must be implemented separately in each

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of the late 19th and early 20th centuries had a long-term influence. Irish is taught in mainstream Irish schools as a compulsory subject, but teaching methods have been criticised for their ineffectiveness, with most students showing little evidence of fluency even after fourteen years of

1184:. Ptolemy records sixteen nations inhabiting every part of Ireland in 100 AD. The relationship between the Roman Empire and the kingdoms of ancient Ireland is unclear. However, a number of finds of Roman coins have been made, for example at the Iron Age settlement of Freestone Hill near 6414:

Prior to partition in 1921, Ireland had a long history as an economic colony – first, partially, of the Norse, via their cities (9th to 10th centuries CE), and later, to varying extents, of polities related to England. Though the climate and soil favoured certain forms of agriculture,

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By the end of the 15th century, central English authority in Ireland had all but disappeared, and a renewed Irish culture and language, albeit with Norman influences, was again dominant. English Crown control remained relatively unshaken in an amorphous foothold around Dublin known as

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tradition collapsed in the face of the new religion. Irish Christian scholars excelled in the study of Latin and Greek learning and Christian theology. In the monastic culture that followed the Christianisation of Ireland, Latin and Greek learning was preserved in Ireland during the

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portrays an almost unbroken sequence of high kings stretching back thousands of years, but some modern historians believe the scheme was constructed in the 8th century to justify the status of powerful political groupings by projecting the origins of their rule into the remote past.

1076:) were said to have reached Ireland from either northern Iberia or southern Gaul. It was claimed that a second wave named the Euerni, belonging to the Belgae people of northern Gaul, began arriving about the sixth century BC. They were said to have given their name to the island. 5456:

The island fields a single international team in most sports. One notable exception to this is association football, although both associations continued to field international teams under the name "Ireland" until the 1950s. The sport is also the most notable exception where the

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The two official languages of the Republic of Ireland are Irish and English. Each language has produced noteworthy literature. Irish, though now only the language of a minority, was the vernacular of the Irish people for thousands of years and was possibly introduced during the

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lives. As of 2006, 4.3 million Canadians, or 14% of the population, were of Irish descent, while around one-third of the Australian population had an element of Irish descent. As of 2013, there were 40 million Irish-Americans and 33 million Americans who claimed Irish ancestry.

5985:(known as rashers) and the eating of salted butter (i.e. a dairy product rather than beef itself) have been a central feature of the diet in Ireland since the Middle Ages. The practice of bleeding cattle and mixing the blood with milk and butter (not unlike the practice of the 11404: 1731: 6032:

Since the last quarter of the 20th century, with a re-emergence of wealth in Ireland, a "New Irish Cuisine" based on traditional ingredients incorporating international influences has emerged. This cuisine is based on fresh vegetables, fish (especially salmon, trout,

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in Europe, with the earliest examples dating from the 6th century. Irish remained the dominant literary language down to the nineteenth century, despite the spread of English from the seventeenth century on. Prominent names from the medieval period and later include

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language, with some saying that an assumed processual view of Celtic linguistic formation is 'an especially hazardous exercise'. Genetic lineage investigation into the area of Celtic migration to Ireland has led to findings that showed no significant differences in

4562:, which are spoken by roughly 2% of Northern Ireland residents, and also spoken by some in the Republic of Ireland. Since the 1960s with the increase in immigration, many more languages have been introduced, particularly deriving from Asia and Eastern Europe. 1748:" struck Ireland and the rest of Europe between December 1739 and September 1741, after a decade of relatively mild winters. The winters destroyed stored crops of potatoes and other staples, and the poor summers severely damaged harvests. This resulted in the 993:

How and when the island became Celtic has been debated for close to a century, with the migrations of the Celts being one of the more enduring themes of archaeological and linguistic studies. The most recent genetic research strongly associates the spread of

1686:) are estimated to include 20,000 battlefield casualties. 200,000 civilians are estimated to have died as a result of a combination of war-related famine, displacement, guerrilla activity and pestilence throughout the war. A further 50,000 were sent into 2243:

Large-scale emigration marked most of the post-WWII period (particularly during the 1950s and 1980s), but beginning in 1987 the economy improved, and the 1990s saw the beginning of substantial economic growth. This period of growth became known as the

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in 2007–2010, international rugby and soccer were played there. All GAA players, even at the highest level, are amateurs, receiving no wages, although they are permitted to receive a limited amount of sport-related income from commercial sponsorship.

3497:, is commonly found growing in the uplands and ferns are plentiful in the more moist regions, especially in the western parts. It is home to hundreds of plant species, some of them unique to the island, and has been "invaded" by some grasses, such as 1698:

estimated that 504,000 Catholic Irish and 112,000 Protestant settlers died, and 100,000 people were transported, as a result of the war. If a prewar population of 1.5 million is assumed, this would mean that the population was reduced by almost half.

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counter-protests. The government's reaction to confrontations was seen to be one-sided and heavy-handed in favour of unionists. Law and order broke down as unrest and inter-communal violence increased. The Northern Ireland government requested the

5275:, a physicist and mathematician, made innovations in the understanding of electricity, dynamics, thermodynamics and the electron theory of matter. His most influential work was Aether and Matter, a book on theoretical physics published in 1900. 1763:

was repealed, giving Ireland legislative independence from Great Britain for the first time since 1495. The British government, however, still retained the right to nominate the government of Ireland without the consent of the Irish parliament.

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A 16th-century perception of Irish women and girls, illustrated in the manuscript "Théâtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel". Painted by

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in particular, have popular surfing beaches, being fully exposed to the Atlantic Ocean. Donegal Bay is shaped like a funnel and catches west/south-west Atlantic winds, creating good surf, especially in winter. Since just before the year 2010,

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The substance of the Agreement (formally referred to as the Belfast Agreement) was later endorsed by referendums in both parts of Ireland. The Agreement restored self-government to Northern Ireland on the basis of power-sharing in a regional

6661:, County Dublin. Supplies come from the Corrib Gas Field, off the coast of County Mayo, with a supply previously also coming from the Kinsale gas field off the County Cork coast. The County Mayo field faces some localised opposition over 11371: 2995:

sometimes snow and hail. The regions of north County Galway and east County Mayo have the highest incidents of recorded lightning annually for the island, with lightning occurring approximately five to ten days per year in these areas.

2773:, in France. Ireland has a total area of 84,421 km (32,595 sq mi), of which the Republic of Ireland occupies 83 percent. Ireland and Great Britain, together with many nearby smaller islands, are known collectively as the 10085: 11401: 5409:

is the most popular sport in Ireland in terms of match attendance and community involvement, with about 2,600 clubs on the island. In 2003 it represented 34% of total sports attendances at events in Ireland and abroad, followed by

732:, which became increasingly sovereign over the following decades until it declared a republic in 1948 ( Republic of Ireland Act, 1948) and Northern Ireland, which remained a part of the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland saw much 3355:

bogs and a variety of coastal habitats. However, agriculture drives current land use patterns in Ireland, limiting natural habitat preserves, particularly for larger wild mammals with greater territorial needs. With no large

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is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate, and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area, although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe. Rainfall and cloud cover are abundant.

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consisting of a man, a woman and four children, would eat 18 stone (110 kg) of potatoes per week. Consequently, dishes that are considered as national dishes represent a fundamental simplicity to cooking, such as the

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Proportion of respondents to the Ireland census 2011 or the Northern Ireland census 2011 who stated they were Catholic. Areas in which Catholics are in the majority are blue. Areas in which Catholics are in a minority are

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are less so. Aquatic wildlife, such as species of sea turtle, shark, seal, whale, and dolphin, are common off the coast. About 400 species of birds have been recorded in Ireland. Many of these are migratory, including the

1911:, partly because it lacked coal and iron resources and partly because of the impact of the sudden union with the structurally superior economy of England, which saw Ireland as a source of agricultural produce and capital. 7079: 2032:

was passed. The Act was passed but with the "temporary" exclusion of the six counties of Ulster, which later became Northern Ireland. Before it could be implemented, however, the Act was suspended for the duration of the

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The 2022 population of the Republic of Ireland was 5,123,536 and that of Northern Ireland in 2021 was 1,903,100. These are Census data from the official governmental statistics agencies in the respective jurisdictions:

2300:, and until 1972 was a self-governing jurisdiction within the United Kingdom with its own parliament and prime minister. Northern Ireland, as part of the United Kingdom, was not neutral during the Second World War, and 8888: 2462:

The Republic of Ireland is a member state of the European Union while the United Kingdom is a former member state, having both acceded to its precursor entity, the European Economic Community (EEC), in 1973 but the UK

4516:). It has been argued that they tend to be more highly educated than monolingual English speakers. Recent research suggests that urban Irish is developing in a direction of its own, both in pronunciation and grammar. 4507:

There is now a growing population of urban Irish speakers in both the Republic and Northern Ireland, especially in Dublin and Belfast, with the children of such Irish speakers sometimes attending Irish-medium schools

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which exercise devolved powers. The executive is jointly headed by the first and deputy first minister, with the ministries being allocated in proportion to each party's representation in the assembly. Its capital is

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drawn from the unionist and nationalist parties. Violence had decreased greatly after the Provisional IRA and loyalist ceasefires in 1994 and in 2005 the Provisional IRA announced the end of its armed campaign and an

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inherited the crown of England and retained the Lordship of Ireland. Over the century that followed, Norman feudal law gradually replaced the Gaelic Brehon Law across large areas, so that by the late 13th century the

7450: 2075:. The British response, executing fifteen leaders of the Rising over a period of ten days and imprisoning or interning more than a thousand people, turned the mood of the country in favour of the rebels. Support for 6268:

Below is a comparison of the goods being sold and purchased between Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom, compared with the goods being exported and imported between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland:

2224:, particularly in the potential defence of Northern Ireland. Despite their country's neutrality, approximately 50,000 volunteers from independent Ireland joined the British forces during the war, four being awarded 5566:). However, both the IFA and FAI continued to select their teams from the whole of Ireland, with some players earning international caps for matches with both teams. Both also referred to their respective teams as 8881:"Théâtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel par Luc Dheere peintre et sculpteur Gantois[manuscript]" 1587:

in 1367. These were a set of laws designed to prevent the assimilation of the Normans into Irish society by requiring English subjects in Ireland to speak English, follow English customs and abide by English law.

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The Assembly and power-sharing Executive were suspended several times but were restored again in 2007. In that year the British government officially ended its military support of the police in Northern Ireland

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The religious struggles of the 17th century left a deep sectarian division in Ireland. Religious allegiance now determined the perception in law of loyalty to the Irish King and Parliament. After the passing of

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is increasingly popular in Ireland with clear waters and large populations of sea life, particularly along the western seaboard. There are also many shipwrecks along the coast of Ireland, with some of the best

3462:, and only 2% is native woodland. The average woodland cover of European countries is over 33%. In the Republic, about 389,356 hectares (3,893.56 km) is owned by the state, mainly by the forestry service 2265:

membership was helpful, giving the country lucrative access to markets that it had previously reached only through the United Kingdom, and pumping huge subsidies and investment capital into the Irish economy.

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in August. Harrington became the first European to win the PGA Championship in 78 years and was the first winner from Ireland. Three golfers from Northern Ireland have been particularly successful. In 2010,

5517:(GAA), with the exception of women's Gaelic football and camogie (women's variant of hurling), which are governed by separate organisations. The headquarters of the GAA (and the main stadium) is located at 9198: 4955:, in particular, was of such significance that it became Ireland's national symbol. Classical music following European models first developed in urban areas, in establishments of Anglo-Irish rule such as 4483:

from the 10th to 13th century, Early Modern Irish until the 17th century, and the Modern Irish spoken today. It remained the dominant language of Ireland for most of those periods, having influences from

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from the 5th century onwards. During this period Ireland was divided into many petty kingships under provincial kingships (Cúige "fifth" of the traditional provinces) vying for dominance and the title of

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of the 1930s, sales of Irish whiskey worldwide fell to a mere 2% by the mid-20th century. In 1953, an Irish government survey, found that 50% of whiskey drinkers in the United States had never heard of

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had established a feudal system throughout much of Ireland. Norman settlements were characterised by the establishment of baronies, manors, towns and the seeds of the modern county system. A version of

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Other sporting activities with the highest levels of playing participation include swimming, golf, aerobics, cycling, and billiards/snooker. Many other sports are also played and followed, including

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In the aftermath of the famine, an increase in industrial production and a surge in trade brought a succession of construction booms. The population soared in the latter part of this century and the

11472: 2382:" began. More than 3,600 deaths resulted over the subsequent three decades of conflict. Owing to the civil unrest during the Troubles, the British government suspended home rule in 1972 and imposed 1509:

further encouraged Henry to advance the integration of the Irish Church with Rome. Henry was authorised to impose a tithe of one penny per hearth as an annual contribution. This church levy, called

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million lives. The remaining decline of around three million was due to the entrenched culture of emigration caused by the dire economic state of the country, lasting until the late 20th century.

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connected with three interlinks and are also connected through Great Britain to mainland Europe. The situation in Northern Ireland is complicated by the issue of private companies not supplying

1943:. Mass emigration became deeply entrenched and the population continued to decline until the mid-20th century. Immediately prior to the famine the population was recorded as 8.2 million by the 9694: 6139:, is typically associated with Ireland, although historically it was more closely associated with London. Porter remains very popular, although it has lost sales since the mid-20th century to 10093: 4744:) was an outstanding poet in the oral tradition. The latter part of the nineteenth century saw a rapid replacement of Irish by English. By 1900, however, cultural nationalists had begun the 12575:"Initiative's latest ViewerTrack study shows that in Ireland GAA and soccer still dominate the sporting arena, while globally the Superbowl (sic) was the most watched sporting event of 2005" 5974:

feature of the Irish economy was the herding of cattle, the number of cattle a person owned was equated to their social standing. Thus herders would avoid slaughtering a milk-producing cow.

11784: 10918: 7152: 6077:(who sold poor-quality whiskey bearing Irish-sounding names thus eroding the pre-prohibition popularity for Irish brands) and tariffs on Irish whiskey across the British Empire during the 2991:, avoiding the extremes in temperature of many other areas in the world at similar latitudes. This is a result of the moist winds which ordinarily prevail from the southwestern Atlantic. 1809:

was put down by British and Irish government and yeomanry forces. The rebellion lasted from the 24th of May to the 12th of October that year and saw the establishment of the short lived

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The algal and seaweed flora is that of the cold-temperate variety. The total number of species is 574 The island has been invaded by some algae, some of which are now well established.

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for local governmental purposes, but, as in the Republic, their traditional boundaries are still used for informal purposes such as sports leagues and in cultural or tourism contexts.

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is a joint parliamentary forum for the island of Ireland. It has no formal powers but operates as a forum for discussing matters of common concern between the respective legislatures.

7273: 4091:, is the largest city on the island. Belfast, with 579,726 residents, is the largest city in Northern Ireland. City status does not directly equate with population size. For example, 4044:

is often used as a synonym for Northern Ireland, although the two are not coterminous. In the Republic of Ireland, counties form the basis of the system of local government. Counties

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The earliest known Irish graphic art and sculpture are Neolithic carvings found at sites such as Newgrange and is traced through Bronze Age artefacts and the religious carvings and

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have been broken up into smaller administrative areas. However, they are still treated as counties for cultural and some official purposes, for example, postal addresses and by the

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All of the Irish kingdoms had their own kings but were nominally subject to the high king. The high king was drawn from the ranks of the provincial kings and ruled also the royal

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Ireland once dominated the world's market for whiskey, producing 90% of the world's whiskey at the start of the 20th century. However, as a consequence of bootleggers during the

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and sheep that roam over uncultivated areas. Grazing in this manner is one of the main factors preventing the natural regeneration of forests across many regions of the country.

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from northern Gaul and Britain. Later, Laighin tribes from Armorica (present-day Brittany) were said to have invaded Ireland and Britain more or less simultaneously. Lastly, the

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extending inland. Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature. Much of Ireland was woodland until the end of the

18206: 5550:

semi-final replay from Dublin to Belfast, Dublin-based clubs broke away to form the Football Association of the Irish Free State. Today the southern association is known as the

13830: 8858: 1195:

Ireland continued as a patchwork of rival kingdoms; however, beginning in the 7th century, a concept of national kingship gradually became articulated through the concept of a

8880: 3360:

in Ireland other than humans and dogs, such populations of animals as semi-wild deer that cannot be controlled by smaller predators, such as the fox, are controlled by annual

12972: 9336: 7020: 6093:

American broadcaster, remains popular domestically and has grown in international sales steadily over a few decades. Typically CNBC states Irish whiskey is not as smoky as a

4644:

These can be seen in the ornamentation of medieval religious and secular works. The style is still popular today in jewellery and graphic art, as is the distinctive style of

14082: 10478: 7442: 4426:

With growing prosperity since the last decade of the 20th century, Ireland became a destination for immigrants. Since the European Union expanded to include Poland in 2004,

14209: 12542: 7332: 3901:. About 4% of the Republic's population and about 14% of the Northern Ireland population describe themselves as of no religion. In a 2010 survey conducted on behalf of the 16522: 4430:

have comprised the largest number of immigrants (over 150,000) from Central Europe. There has also been significant immigration from Lithuania, Czech Republic and Latvia.

2704:

Irish Minister for Foreign Affairs and the British Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, dealing with non-devolved matters to do with Northern Ireland and non-devolved

11706: 11612: 10453: 2640:, from which Northern Ireland has gone through intermittent periods of direct rule during which devolved powers have been suspended. Northern Ireland elects 18 of the UK 914:, domesticated animals such as cattle and sheep, built large timber buildings, and stone monuments. The earliest evidence for farming in Ireland or Great Britain is from 16960: 14054: 11430: 12727: 11750: 11733: 4132: 13770: 11207: 1251:, arrived the following year. There is continued debate over the missions of Palladius and Patrick, but the consensus is that they both took place and that the older 748:(EU) in 2020. Northern Ireland was granted a limited special status and allowed to operate within the EU single market for goods without being in the European Union. 11508: 5835:

won gold at the 2006 World Indoor Championship in Moscow. Olive Loughnane won a silver medal in the 20k walk at the World Athletics Championships in Berlin in 2009.

7704: 6716:

as unsightly. The Republic is hindered by an ageing network that was not designed to handle the varying availability of power that comes from wind farms. The ESB's

5993:, made from blood, grain (usually barley) and seasoning, remains a breakfast staple in Ireland. All of these influences can be seen today in the phenomenon of the " 10993:

Guiry, M. D.; Nic Dhonncha, E. N. (2001). "The Marine Macroalgae of Ireland: Biodiversity and Distribution in Marine Biodiversity in Ireland and Adjacent Waters".

3595:

The population of Ireland is just over 7 million, of which approximately 5.1 million reside in the Republic of Ireland and 1.9 million reside in Northern Ireland.

2468: 15373: 14179: 12701: 12221: 16470: 15393: 12420: 10211: 9182: 8226: 2412: 2197:

During its first decade, the newly formed Irish Free State was governed by the victors of the civil war. When de Valera achieved power, he took advantage of the

1575:, Norman settlements in Ireland went into a period of decline. The Norman rulers and the Gaelic Irish elites intermarried and the areas under Norman rule became 7204: 6991: 6630:

has failed to modernise its power stations, and the availability of power plants has recently averaged only 66%, one of the worst such rates in Western Europe.

14143: 13703: 9680: 8010: 6712:

in Cork, Donegal, Mayo and Antrim. The construction of wind farms has in some cases been delayed by opposition from local communities, some of whom regard the

5676:. Irish rugby has become increasingly competitive at both the international and provincial levels since the sport went professional in 1994. During that time, 5513:

Gaelic football, hurling and Gaelic handball are the best-known Irish traditional sports, collectively known as Gaelic games. Gaelic games are governed by the

15490: 13215: 12328: 7413: 10412: 13539: 1428:, known as 'Strongbow' owing to his prowess as an archer. The invasion, which coincided with a period of renewed Norman expansion, was at the invitation of 652:. Today, woodland makes up about 10% of the island, compared with a European average of over 33%, with most of it being non-native conifer plantations. The 11643: 11462: 7930: 7540: 7369: 14369: 13674: 12612: 3897:

is growing in Ireland, mostly through increased immigration, with a 50% increase in the republic between the 2006 and 2011 census. The island has a small

1479:, in 1155. The document apparently encouraged Henry to take control in Ireland in order to oversee the financial and administrative reorganisation of the 12294: 11049: 10517: 5507: 4555: 1888:

Secret Service Office, and the awarding of peerages, places and honours to secure votes. Thus, the parliament in Ireland was abolished and replaced by a

14257: 12582: 5948:

continues to increase its profile. Sea angling is developed with many beaches mapped and signposted, and the range of sea angling species is around 80.

5541:(IFA) was originally the governing body for soccer across the island. The game has been played in an organised fashion in Ireland since the 1870s, with 4496:

and English. It declined under British rule but remained the majority tongue until the early 19th century, and since then has been a minority language.

4418:

Emigration from Ireland in the 19th century contributed to the populations of England, the United States, Canada and Australia, in all of which a large

2667:

As part of the Good Friday Agreement, the British and Irish governments agreed on the creation of all-island institutions and areas of cooperation. The

16475: 11916: 11230: 9775: 7242: 5422:

is the most watched event in the sporting calendar. Soccer is the most widely played team game on the island and the most popular in Northern Ireland.

3033:. Temperatures fell as low as −17.2 °C (1 °F) in County Mayo on 20 December and up to a metre (3 ft) of snow fell in mountainous areas. 3030: 11831: 8977: 4659:

England and the Frankish Empire. These missions brought written language to an illiterate population of Europe during the Dark Ages that followed the

15486: 11149: 9674: 9313: 6944: 3398:

Ireland is now one of the least forested countries in Europe. Until the end of the Middle Ages, Ireland was heavily forested. Native species include

13068: 6359:

Below is a comparison of the monthly cost of living and average wage after tax in Northern Ireland versus those in the Republic of Ireland in 2023:

4700:

Ireland has made a substantial contribution to world literature in all its branches, both in Irish and English. Poetry in Irish is among the oldest

14313: 13979:

It was inevitable that the depression of agriculture which followed the repeal should fall with greater severity on Ireland than on Great Britain.

13120: 4610:

Ireland's culture comprises elements of the culture of ancient peoples, later immigrant and broadcast cultural influences (chiefly Gaelic culture,

14708: 11795: 10898: 10241: 9468: 9151: 6909:"The Relative Lengths of Seashore Substrata Around the Coastline of Ireland as Determined by Digital Methods in a Geographical Information System" 3882:, representing over 73% of the island (and about 87% of the Republic of Ireland). Most of the rest of the population adhere to one of the various 2148:

and make a statement of faithfulness to the king. Disagreements over these provisions led to a split in the nationalist movement and a subsequent

16332: 13184: 10594: 8622: 7148: 6180: 5486: 2308:

was not extended to Northern Ireland, and roughly an equal number volunteered from Northern Ireland as volunteered from the Republic of Ireland.

14291: 11451:"Rank of States for Selected Ancestry Groups with 100,000 or more persons: 1980" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 November 2012. 10290:

The British Isles are the islands of North-Western Europe comprising all of the UK, the Irish Republic, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.

8937:'lave-hunts' certainly happened, though their extent has been exaggerated; there were probably 12,000 Irish in the West Indies by the late 1600s 7983: 7654: 4807:, though they spent most of their lives in England. The Anglo-Irish novel came to the fore in the nineteenth century, featuring such writers as 18954: 12750: 11869: 10834: 8745: 8335: 7211: 5887:

at Royal St. George's. In August 2012, McIlroy won his 2nd major championship by winning the USPGA Championship by a record margin of 8 shots.

2700: 13158: 12941: 12819: 11950: 7806: 6871: 4464:. It began to be written down after Christianisation in the 5th century and spread to Scotland and the Isle of Man, where it evolved into the 15552: 13038: 12497: 12450: 10341: 10130: 10034: 9555: 9283: 6709: 4433: 2765:, which has a width of 23 kilometres (14 mi) at its narrowest point. To the west is the northern Atlantic Ocean and to the south is the 961:

began around 2,500 BC, with technology changing people's everyday lives during this period through innovations such as the wheel, harnessing

14113: 12919: 10004: 7270: 5084:

of the medieval period. During the course of the 19th and 20th centuries, a strong tradition of painting emerged, including such figures as

3598:

People have lived in Ireland for over 9,000 years. Early historical and genealogical records note the existence of major groups such as the

1491:, and there is no general agreement as to whether the bull was genuine or a forgery. Further, it had no standing in the Irish legal system. 19066: 16504: 13121:"Séamus Brennan, Minister for Arts, Sport and Tourism comments on victory by Padraig Harrington in the 2007 British Open Golf Championship" 11027: 14432: 10876: 10699: 1719:, Roman Catholics and nonconforming Protestant Dissenters were barred from sitting as members in the Irish Parliament. Under the emerging 141: 19244: 19122: 15671: 15095: 15007: 14433:"Options For Future Renewable Energy Policy, Targets And Programmes issued by Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources" 13641: 13090: 8556: 7647:"The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland" 2712: 2331:

wanted Northern Ireland to remain in the United Kingdom. The Protestant and Catholic communities in Northern Ireland voted largely along

2136:. It gave Ireland complete independence in its home affairs and practical independence for foreign policy, but an opt-out clause allowed 1881: 1863: 1760: 1597: 717: 13947:

All agricultural produce in Ireland , in fact, outperformed that of other European countries (it was twice that of France, for example).

11547: 11093: 10758: 9743: 8139: 5189:, an Irish explorer, was one of the principal figures of Antarctic exploration. He, along with his expedition, made the first ascent of 1666:

This control was consolidated during the wars and conflicts of the 17th century, including the English and Scottish colonisation in the

19076: 16518: 13736: 12641: 7851: 7299: 5759: 5458: 4001: 10963: 10186: 8096: 5355:

made progress in different fields of science, including mechanics and geometrical methods in general relativity. He had mathematician

4103: 18691: 16658: 16629: 15439: 15317: 13837: 11119: 9918: 8846: 8589: 5259:, he was the first to split the nucleus of the atom by artificial means and made contributions to the development of a new theory of 4111: 2762: 1344:

that was already deep-seated in Ireland. The Vikings were involved in establishing most of the major coastal settlements in Ireland:

586: 13805: 13004: 10731: 9846: 9346: 7592: 7173: 5924:

With thousands of lakes, over 14,000 kilometres (8,700 mi) of fish-bearing rivers and over 7,500 kilometres (4,660 mi) of

4655:

the fifth century. The Hiberno-Scottish missions, begun by the Irish monk Saint Columba, spread the Irish vision of Christianity to

3930: 633:

is just over 7 million, with 5.1 million living in the Republic of Ireland and 1.9 million in Northern Ireland, ranking it the

18959: 16337: 14973: 12979: 12785: 12003: 11917:"Table 15: Irish speakers aged 3 years and over in each Province, County and City, classified by frequency of speaking Irish, 2006" 11319: 10063: 7623: 7016: 5522: 5490: 4040:. The six counties that constitute Northern Ireland are all in the province of Ulster (which has nine counties in total). As such, 2407: 1971: 1817:. It saw numerous battles across the island with an estimated 30,000 dead with some listed below (for full list see main article.) 1219:

and even then was not a consistent one. Ireland did have a culturally unifying rule of law: the early written judicial system, the

14090: 12390: 7537: 18788: 18711: 18701: 16509: 15533: 15322: 14201: 12549: 11580: 7324: 5526: 5521:

in north Dublin and has a capacity of 82,500. Many major GAA games are played there, including the semi-finals and finals of the

5462: 3577: 2606: 1483:

and its integration into the Roman Church system. Some restructuring had already begun at the ecclesiastical level following the

7741: 2915:

limestone over the centre of the country, giving rise to a comparatively fertile and lush landscape. The west-coast district of

2343:. Over time, the minority Catholic community felt increasingly alienated with further disaffection fuelled by practices such as 2049:

in the war. A minority, approximately 13,000, retained the Irish Volunteers' name and opposed Ireland's involvement in the war.

18731: 18716: 18706: 15683: 15567: 15227: 14231: 11696: 11602: 10442: 2685: 2641: 1970:. O'Connell spearheaded a vigorous campaign that was taken up by the Prime Minister, the Irish-born soldier and statesman, the 1425: 634: 13917:(1998). "Peel, rotten potatoes, and providence: the repeal of the Corn Laws and the irish Famine". In Marrison, Andrew (ed.). 12883: 10640: 9007: 8820: 4455:

Proportion of respondents who said they could speak Irish in the Ireland census in 2011 or the Northern Ireland census in 2011

19086: 18721: 17105: 16485: 15516: 14914: 14879: 14838: 14797: 14759: 14731: 14691: 14638: 14617: 14592: 14550: 14518: 14488: 14051: 13999: 13928: 13635: 13578: 13497: 13466: 13435: 13404: 13309: 12361: 12262: 12161: 12134: 12112: 11983: 11900: 11541: 11422: 11265: 10912: 10578: 9984: 9954: 9688: 9658: 9633: 9602: 9499: 9438: 9410: 9229: 9192: 9135: 9107: 9079: 9038: 8961: 8930: 8793: 8768: 8709: 8684: 8659: 8529: 8468: 8441: 8413: 8133: 7887: 7783: 7685: 7407: 5820: 4404: 3844:. Many survived into late medieval times, others vanished as they became politically unimportant. Over the past 1,200 years, 3344: 2372: 14885: 14803: 14765: 14644: 14556: 14343: 13966: 13934: 13862: 12723: 12167: 11729: 11123: 10539: 10273: 8494: 5940:

fishing remain popular with anglers, salmon fishing, in particular, received a boost in 2006 with the closing of the salmon

2350:

In the late 1960s, nationalist grievances were aired publicly in mass civil rights protests, which were often confronted by

2248:. The Republic's real GDP grew by an average of 9.6% per annum between 1995 and 1999, in which year the Republic joined the 18944: 16387: 15770: 15656: 14407: 13766: 12845: 11498: 10941: 10386: 10126: 8038:"The Longue Durée of Genetic Ancestry: Multiple Genetic Marker Systems and Celtic Origins on the Atlantic Facade of Europe" 7114: 4670:

worldwide have become outposts of Irish culture, especially those with a full range of cultural and gastronomic offerings.

4073: 2221: 778:. The island's culture shares many features with that of Great Britain, including the English language, and sports such as 598: 12199: 10219: 2655:

and with Scotland, Northern Ireland forms one of the three separate legal jurisdictions of the UK, all of which share the

18726: 15725: 15638: 15595: 10803: 9786: 7715: 7046: 5925: 5585: 4195: 2656: 12693: 6789: 4935:. Outside religious establishments, musical genres in early Gaelic Ireland are referred to as a triad of weeping music ( 2394:

was concluded as a treaty between the British and Irish governments, annexing the text agreed in the multi-party talks.

1618: 19154: 19081: 16490: 16254: 16157: 15651: 15562: 15337: 15140: 15100: 15088: 15083: 15071: 14999: 14169: 14029: 8042: 7562: 7365: 6170: 5838:

Golf is very popular, and golf tourism is a major industry attracting more than 240,000 golfing visitors annually. The

2173: 2169: 2076: 1963: 1935:

depression caused by the famine resulted in a further million people emigrating. By the end of the decade, half of all

1377: 740:

in 1998. In 1973, both the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, with Northern Ireland as part of it, joined the

13923:. Free trade and its reception 1815–1960 : freedom and trade. Vol. 1. London: Psychology Press. p. 52. 12412: 12225: 18189: 18002: 15347: 15066: 13522: 12491: 12074: 12025: 11289: 10312: 9886: 9840: 6980: 5739: 5649: 4978: 4960: 4748:, which saw the beginnings of modern literature in Irish. This was to produce a number of notable writers, including 2581: 2383: 2364: 2274: 1098: 527: 12320: 10676: 10486: 9892: 8198: 8019: 3871:

The population of Ireland rose rapidly from the 16th century until the mid-19th century, interrupted briefly by the

2423:) and began withdrawing troops. On 27 June 2012, Northern Ireland's deputy first minister and former IRA commander, 2005:

Daniel O'Connell led a subsequent campaign, for the repeal of the Act of Union, which failed. Later in the century,

18813: 16513: 15537: 15169: 15112: 15052: 14375: 13267: 13207: 11673: 9858: 7395: 6638:

transmission line between Ireland and Great Britain with a capacity of 500 MW, about 10% of Ireland's peak demand.

6424: 6074: 3581: 1939:

was from Ireland. The period of civil unrest that followed until the end of the 19th century is referred to as the

1936: 1889: 1373: 1265: 681: 606: 3293:

in Ireland, and of them, only 26 land mammal species are considered native to Ireland. Some species, such as, the

1293:, ornate jewellery and the many carved stone crosses that still dot the island today. A mission founded in 563 on 17181: 16591: 16150: 15777: 15223: 13888: 11635: 6474: 5843: 5551: 4964: 2668: 2114:, which ended in a truce in July 1921 (although violence continued until June 1922, mostly in Northern Ireland). 1983: 1868:

As a direct result of the 1798 rebellion in its aftermath in 1800, the British and Irish parliaments both passed

1745: 1683: 1651:. English rule was reinforced and expanded in Ireland during the latter part of the 16th century, leading to the 713: 273: 12877: 10159: 7926: 7354: 6537:

The Dublin region receives the most tourists and is home to several of the most popular attractions such as the

5712:) have won the Heineken Cup. In addition to this, the Irish International side has had increased success in the 4533:

areas are in the west, south-west and north-west, in Galway, Mayo, Donegal, western Cork and Kerry with smaller

19507: 19387: 15782: 15678: 15352: 15332: 15287: 14985: 14379: 13666: 13241: 12604: 7512: 4578: 3898: 3017:, compared to 10 days at coastal stations. Ireland is sometimes affected by heat waves, most recently in 1995, 2297: 1975: 360: 12279: 11060: 10509: 3006:

Inland areas are warmer in summer and colder in winter. Usually around 40 days of the year are below freezing

1002:, with its arrival in Britain and Ireland dated to around the middle of the third millennium BC. According to 19159: 18172: 15760: 15469: 15383: 14261: 13602: 12574: 11575: 7050: 6668: 5221: 5205:. He is largely regarded as one of the founders of modern chemistry and is best known for the formulation of 4728: 4708: 4475:

The Irish language has a vast treasury of written texts from many centuries and is divided by linguists into

3868:

and Eastern Europeans have all added to the population and have had significant influences on Irish culture.

3289:

and as a result, it has fewer land animal and plant species than Great Britain or mainland Europe. There are

2693: 2689: 2202: 1236: 1161:. These 'new' names were likely to have been the local names for the islands at the time. The earlier names, 317: 14741: 11924: 8981: 8295: 4883:

Modern Irish literature is often connected with its rural heritage through English-language writers such as

2965:

oil field was discovered, which was estimated to contain over 28 million barrels (4,500,000 m) of oil.

2808:, which rises to 1,039 m (3,409 ft) above sea level. The most arable land lies in the province of 1958:, primarily among the Roman Catholic population. The pre-eminent Irish political figure after the Union was 688:

claimed sovereignty. However, English rule did not extend over the whole island until the 16th–17th century

19117: 18445: 16417: 15735: 15661: 15511: 15444: 15368: 15242: 15199: 14966: 11949:. Access Research Knowledge Northern Ireland (Queen's University Belfast / Ulster University). 9 May 2003. 11821: 9305: 9159: 6623: 5563: 4037: 3260: 3026: 2778: 2145: 1749: 1656: 11163: 10420: 6908: 6641:

As with electricity, the natural gas distribution network is also now all-island, with a pipeline linking

2979:

The island's lush vegetation, a product of its mild climate and frequent rainfall, earns it the sobriquet

2240:

state would have had great difficulty in defending itself from invasion from either side in the conflict.

19169: 19096: 18781: 17645: 16905: 15755: 15128: 14856: 14542: 13060: 11494: 9832: 7118: 6746: 6635: 6531: 6409: 6212: 6174: 5514: 4890: 4594: 3022: 2677: 2291: 2287: 2198: 2091: 2080: 2052: 1821: 1580: 1142: 741: 14321: 13128: 11258:

Anglicizing the Government of Ireland: The Irish Privy Council and the Expansion of Tudor Rule 1556–1578

10251: 19452: 19196: 19091: 19071: 18808: 18216: 18091: 17696: 17665: 17045: 16460: 16099: 15765: 15459: 14705: 13180: 12104: 9460: 8739: 8612: 8521: 8329: 7912:

A Race Apart: Insularity and Connectivity in Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 75, 2009, pp. 55–64

6654: 6218: 5717: 5653: 5610: 5538: 5419: 5379: 5370:

Ireland has nine universities, seven in the Republic of Ireland and two in Northern Ireland, including

5256: 4854:

is widely considered to be one of the most significant writers of the 20th century. Joyce's 1922 novel

4831: 3872: 3557: 3290: 2645: 2621: 2399: 2336: 1802: 1671: 1014:

developed. This contrasts with the traditional view that their origin lies in mainland Europe with the

12670: 10604: 2792:

A ring of coastal mountains surrounds low plains at the centre of the island. The highest of these is

1947:. The population has never returned to this level since. The population continued to fall until 1961; 680:

on 23 April 1014 which resulted in the ending of Viking power in Ireland. Following the 12th century

18949: 18177: 18012: 17640: 16167: 16023: 15743: 15557: 15479: 15464: 15449: 15297: 15232: 15194: 15184: 15174: 15034: 14584: 14283: 11863: 8125: 7992: 7646: 7109: 6762: 6568: 5375: 4804: 4123: 2625: 2614: 2435: 2403: 2111: 1675: 1652: 1387: 1381: 1200: 1006:

and others, Ireland in the Late Bronze Age was part of a maritime trading-network culture called the

721: 689: 630: 17977: 16185: 13798:"Regional GDP GDP per capita in the EU in 2011: seven capital regions among the ten most prosperous" 13396: 13390: 12525: 10841: 9915:"'We Shall Overcome' ... The History of the Struggle for Civil Rights in Northern Ireland 1968–1978" 6696:

The Republic has a strong commitment to renewable energy and ranks as one of the top 10 markets for

4869: 4751: 4716: 2427:, shook hands with Queen Elizabeth II in Belfast, symbolising reconciliation between the two sides. 19229: 19101: 18517: 17951: 17927: 17253: 16412: 15542: 15156: 14936: 14667: 13093:. PGA of America, Ryder Cup Limited, and Turner Sports Interactive. 23 January 2006. Archived from 12815: 11946: 11853: 8910: 8545: 7799: 6642: 6224: 6066: 5721: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5693: 5689: 5681: 5378:, as well as numerous third-level colleges and institutes and a branch of the Open University, the 5320: 5182: 4330: 2901: 2253: 2037:. The Irish Volunteers split into two groups. The majority, approximately 175,000 in number, under 1991: 1877: 1787: 1628: 1540: 1456: 1302: 1231: 1086: 618: 28: 13547: 13489: 13483: 13030: 12905: 12473: 12442: 11349: 10115: 10027: 9551: 9275: 7879:

Celtic from the West: Alternative Perspectives from Archaeology, Genetics, Language and Literature

2415:

supervised its disarmament and that of other nationalist and unionist paramilitary organisations.

2140:

to remain within the United Kingdom, which it immediately exercised. Additionally, Members of the

19502: 18228: 17876: 17422: 17136: 16955: 16845: 16480: 16429: 16145: 15897: 15646: 15506: 15312: 15257: 15247: 15214: 15047: 14959: 14751: 14121: 12290: 10949: 10345: 10000: 9872: 8363: 8282:

A catalogue of the Roman coins from Newgrange, Co. Meath and notes on the coins and related finds

7775: 5780: 5763: 5642: 5482: 5401: 5383: 5278: 5186: 5081: 5075: 5051: 4645: 4633: 4630:

and Brittany. This combination of cultural influences is visible in the intricate designs termed

4069: 3467: 3337: 3018: 2938: 2573: 2512: 2504: 2491: 2406:, with entrenched protections for the two main communities. The Executive is jointly headed by a 2378:

Other groups, both the unionist and nationalist participated in violence, and a period known as "

2217: 2046: 2006: 1897: 1806: 1773: 1248: 1056: 995: 610: 201: 11023: 8651: 8645: 2953:

off the County Mayo coast. This has increased activity off the west coast in parallel with the "

1444: 19497: 18774: 18696: 18615: 18578: 17650: 16935: 16930: 16500: 16377: 16003: 15523: 15378: 15267: 15218: 14439: 10866: 10145: 9748: 6662: 6495:. Several other places are on the tentative list, for example the Burren, the Ceide Fields and 6449: 6443: 5884: 5581: 5478: 5465:

field separate international teams. Northern Ireland has produced two World Snooker Champions.

5371: 5367:, became the first female president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. 5308: 5252: 4968: 4820: 4722: 4554:

recognition is afforded to Irish, including specific protective measures under Part III of the

4099: 3922: 3487:

Much of the land is now covered with pasture and there are many species of wild-flower. Gorse (

2942: 2252:. In 2000, it was the sixth-richest country in the world in terms of GDP per capita. Historian 1999: 1944: 1931: 1919: 1831: 1708: 1667: 1499: 1460: 1284: 977:, which produced new weapons and tools, along with fine gold decoration and jewellery, such as 907: 893:. Since 2021, the earliest evidence of human activity in Ireland is dated to 33,000 years ago. 836:

first recorded in the ninth century. The etymology of Ériu is disputed but may derive from the

744:. Following a referendum vote in 2016, the United Kingdom, Northern Ireland included, left the 693: 594: 14683: 14609: 14603: 14480: 14470: 13625: 13094: 12254: 12248: 11531: 8922: 8549: 8183: 7877: 6693:, although some urban suppliers distribute sods of turf as "smokeless fuel" for domestic use. 4759: 2954: 19377: 19222: 18918: 18462: 18277: 18022: 17922: 17293: 17131: 17110: 16162: 16133: 15666: 14723: 13458: 13452: 11085: 9753: 8385: 8119: 6793: 6078: 6042: 5855: 5828: 5364: 5312: 4789: 4701: 4695: 4559: 4493: 2548: 2391: 2387: 2340: 2323: 2107: 2010: 1995: 1908: 1810: 1756: 1724: 1601: 1560: 1429: 1340:

raiders plundered Irish monasteries and towns. These raids added to a pattern of raiding and

1173: 926:

to c. 4,350 BC. Field systems were developed in different parts of Ireland, including at the

896:

By about 8,000 BC, more sustained occupation of the island has been shown, with evidence for

737: 697: 7832: 7296: 5847: 5047: 4787:, often called the foremost satirist in the English language, gained fame for works such as 2927:

features. Significant stratiform lead-zinc mineralisation is found in the limestones around

2568:

The Republic of Ireland today ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of

2311: 18996: 18838: 18605: 18477: 18211: 17861: 17258: 17176: 16985: 16910: 16532: 16299: 16070: 16047: 15832: 15718: 15572: 15547: 15416: 15237: 15209: 14174: 10971: 10177: 8581: 8088: 7488: 6920: 6835: 6428: 5824: 5784: 5751: 5668:(including a quarter-final). There are four professional Irish teams; all four play in the 5665: 5661: 5356: 5300: 4967:

as well as the country houses of the Anglo-Irish ascendancy, with the first performance of

4861: 4839: 4446: 4013: 4005: 3914: 3466:. Remnants of native forest can be found scattered around the island, in particular in the 2724: 2572:

and in 2015 was ranked the sixth most developed nation in the world by the United Nations'

2516: 2497: 2123: 2071:

of 1916 was carried out by the latter group together with a smaller socialist militia, the

1841: 1801:) made common cause with Roman Catholics in a republican rebellion inspired and led by the 1720: 1687: 1584: 1196: 1115:-speaking people from Ireland who settled in western Scotland in the 6th century or before. 779: 725: 669: 641: 559: 449: 355: 70: 14830: 14820: 9914: 9262:

Why Ireland Starved: A Quantitative and Analytical History of the Irish Economy, 1800–1850

9031:

Arctic Ireland: The Extraordinary Story of the Great Frost and Forgotten Famine of 1740–41

8724: 7584: 4775: 2949:

in the mid-1970s. In 1999, economically significant finds of natural gas were made in the

2390:

of 1973. In 1998, following a ceasefire by the Provisional IRA and multi-party talks, the

2375:

and began a campaign against what it called the "British occupation of the six counties".

1778: 8: 19462: 19382: 19239: 19186: 19174: 18875: 18754: 18492: 18361: 18291: 18272: 18251: 18184: 18007: 17881: 17701: 17686: 17681: 17635: 17610: 17283: 17171: 17156: 16970: 16789: 16584: 16407: 16309: 16205: 16093: 15938: 15628: 15618: 15528: 15204: 15061: 15042: 14996: 13797: 13008: 11999: 11503: 11467: 10735: 10246: 9824: 9625: 9619: 7169: 6538: 6492: 6480: 6110: 6041:

and other shellfish), as well as traditional soda breads and the wide range of hand-made

5862:

in July 2007. He successfully defended his title in July 2008 before going on to win the

5816: 5626: 5622: 5618: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5202: 5194: 4835: 4651: 4574: 4368: 4088: 4033: 3918: 3522: 3343:

Several different habitat types are found in Ireland, including farmland, open woodland,

3286: 2746: 2742: 2480: 2236: 2207: 2191: 2178: 2057: 2042: 2029: 1959: 1851: 1660: 1522: 1405: 1314: 1306: 1147: 1007: 874: 868: 837: 614: 578: 467: 462: 432: 350: 244: 20: 17891: 16234: 13730:"National Competitiveness Council Submission on the National Development Plan 2007–2013" 12793: 12386: 11311: 10059: 9128:

The Irish Constitutional Tradition: Responsible Government and Modern Ireland, 1782–1992

8379: 8353: 7615: 7492: 6924: 6839: 2386:. There were several unsuccessful attempts to end the Troubles politically, such as the 1914: 1243:

to minister to the Irish "already believing in Christ". The same chronicle records that

19272: 19234: 19217: 19164: 19138: 18964: 18910: 18658: 18389: 18282: 18246: 18167: 18122: 18017: 17843: 17734: 17691: 17620: 17427: 17202: 16965: 16950: 16945: 16940: 16850: 16707: 16663: 16434: 16367: 16362: 16289: 16272: 16190: 15877: 15872: 15805: 15434: 15302: 15252: 15189: 15164: 15160: 15078: 15022: 14848: 14780: 14510: 14476: 13427: 13421: 13374: 13341: 12513: 9532: 9374: 9058: 8218: 8210: 8064: 8037: 7504: 6936: 6542: 6486: 6194: 5851: 5832: 5352: 4880:

is regarded as a modernist masterpiece and has been translated into several languages.

4590: 3435: 3407: 3029:. In common with the rest of Europe, Ireland experienced unusually cold weather during 2974: 2862: 2833: 2750: 2585: 2508: 2452: 2183: 2160:. The civil war officially ended in May 1923 when de Valera issued a cease-fire order. 2129: 2072: 1873: 1869: 1712: 1655:. A near-complete conquest was achieved by the turn of the 17th century, following the 1613: 1506: 1162: 1025: 923: 915: 878: 857: 802: 751: 709: 685: 677: 653: 405: 12086:

Brannon, Patrick V.: "Medieval Ireland: Music in Cathedral, Church and Cloister", in:

11570: 7073:"Census 2021 Main statistics for Northern Ireland, Statistical bulletin, Ethnic group" 5143: 2157: 1805:, with the aim of creating an independent Ireland. Despite assistance from France the 1678:. Irish losses during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (which, in Ireland, included the 19442: 19333: 19191: 18522: 18497: 18487: 18223: 18196: 18077: 17932: 17917: 17912: 17871: 17866: 17771: 17660: 17615: 17605: 17597: 17268: 17222: 17212: 17053: 16880: 16860: 16819: 16465: 16395: 16115: 15977: 15842: 15748: 15698: 15613: 15474: 15388: 14910: 14875: 14834: 14826: 14793: 14755: 14727: 14687: 14672: 14634: 14613: 14588: 14546: 14514: 14484: 13924: 13914: 13631: 13574: 13518: 13493: 13462: 13431: 13400: 13361: 13305: 12942:"Tokyo 2020: Kellie Harrington lands lightweight Olympic gold after dominant display" 12487: 12258: 12157: 12130: 12108: 12070: 11979: 11973: 11896: 11537: 11261: 10908: 10704: 10574: 9980: 9950: 9882: 9836: 9790: 9684: 9654: 9629: 9598: 9495: 9434: 9406: 9225: 9188: 9131: 9103: 9075: 9034: 8957: 8926: 8915: 8789: 8764: 8705: 8680: 8655: 8525: 8464: 8458: 8437: 8409: 8405: 8222: 8177: 8129: 8069: 7883: 7843: 7779: 7745: 7681: 7508: 7403: 6940: 6853: 6616: 6006: 5812: 5733: 5577: 5542: 5360: 5328: 5292: 5288: 5085: 5012: 4948: 4795: 4603: 4200: 4032:(north). In a system that developed between the 13th and 17th centuries, Ireland has 3890: 3879: 3384: 3368: 3298: 2988: 2850: 2754: 2738: 2681: 2673: 2652: 2530: 2424: 2360: 2014: 1955: 1836: 1783: 1679: 1433: 1330: 1261: 1165:, were likely to have been coined before direct contact with local peoples was made. 1120: 1081: 1069: 1015: 645: 89: 15971: 15708: 14235: 13116: 12867: 11402:

Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories – 20% sample data

11178: 11157: 3905:, 32% of respondents said they went to a religious service more than once per week. 2538: 2485: 1704: 1513:, is extant in Ireland as a voluntary donation. In turn, Henry assumed the title of 19492: 19437: 19303: 19295: 19280: 19212: 19179: 18889: 18551: 18512: 18467: 18454: 18374: 18353: 18256: 18201: 17886: 17706: 17625: 17437: 17217: 17151: 17041: 16920: 16915: 16885: 16855: 16809: 16771: 16637: 16324: 16304: 16125: 16080: 15454: 15135: 15117: 15004: 13991: 13369: 13353: 12479: 10626: 9524: 9003: 8809: 8349: 8261: 8059: 8051: 7496: 6928: 6843: 6701: 6697: 6604: 6592: 6588: 6580: 6546: 6515: 6102: 6098: 5872: 5863: 5747: 5660:, making the quarter-finals in eight of them. Ireland also hosted games during the 5434: 5395: 5336: 5225: 5097: 5006: 4973: 4921: 4816: 4812: 4800: 4619: 4570: 4558:. A lesser status (including recognition under Part II of the Charter) is given to 4065: 4061: 3894: 3865: 3839: 3499: 3431: 3411: 3392: 3256: 3252: 2950: 2905: 2882: 2597: 2447:, and Northern Ireland, a constituent country of the United Kingdom. They share an 2420: 2225: 2213: 2187: 2153: 2137: 2025: 1846: 1510: 1326: 1322: 1240: 1208: 1011: 904: 767: 755: 729: 664: 622: 492: 278: 24: 12351: 6161:, a soft-drink, is consumed on its own and as a mixer, particularly with whiskey. 3458:. Only about 10% of Ireland today is woodland; most of this is non-native conifer 3285:, Ireland only had an ice bridge ending around 14,000 years ago at the end of the 877:, and until about 16,000 BC, much of Ireland was periodically covered in ice. The 19457: 19346: 19308: 19050: 18991: 18867: 18594: 18532: 18472: 18435: 18407: 18369: 18334: 18314: 18097: 18087: 18072: 17959: 17766: 17630: 17393: 17248: 17207: 17197: 17036: 16975: 16895: 16890: 16875: 16870: 16783: 16424: 16352: 16347: 16177: 16055: 15982: 15623: 15307: 15282: 14871: 14865: 14787: 14745: 14712: 14628: 14536: 14347: 14058: 13960: 13918: 13866: 12841: 12151: 11826: 11737: 11701: 11408: 11202: 11115: 10945: 10763: 10547: 10514:

The Karst of Ireland: Limestone Landscapes, Caves and Groundwater Drainage System

9341: 8488: 8484: 8359: 7772:

Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past

7616:"Reindeer bone found in north Cork to alter understanding of Irish human history" 7544: 7500: 7303: 7282: 7277: 7254: 7249: 6511: 6503: 6419:

frequently hobbled its development. Repeated invasions and plantations disrupted

6018: 5868: 5831:

won silver in the 20k walk at the 2003 World Championships, while sprint hurdler

5788: 5743: 5657: 5656:, governs the sport across the island. The Irish rugby team have played in every 5573: 5438: 5406: 5155: 5151: 5055: 5039: 5002: 4998: 4932: 4856: 4808: 4615: 4566: 4546: 4465: 4053: 3861: 3561: 3451: 3427: 3419: 3302: 3282: 3014: 2984: 2911:-aged rocks. This partial ring of "hard rock" geology is covered by a blanket of 2610: 2444: 2351: 2319: 2149: 2034: 1951:

was the final Irish county to record a population increase post-famine, in 2006.

1798: 1738: 1644: 1636: 1526: 1514: 1440: 1341: 1321:

on continental Europe after the fall of Rome. These missions continued until the

1318: 833: 759: 701: 340: 14400: 10938: 10390: 8847:"Charles James Fox, the Repeal of Poynings Law, and the Act of Union: 1782–1801" 6595:

are also of interest to tourists. Some have been converted into hotels, such as

5307:, County Armagh, discovered pulsars in 1967. Notable mathematicians include Sir 4875: 4184: 3609: 3325: 929: 19422: 19417: 19412: 19323: 19313: 19285: 19033: 19016: 19011: 18880: 18633: 18623: 18599: 18546: 18502: 18417: 18397: 18379: 18324: 18319: 18287: 18132: 18112: 17937: 17838: 17817: 17812: 17449: 17383: 17378: 17367: 17348: 17342: 17338: 17146: 17141: 17100: 17027: 17013: 16925: 16900: 16865: 16824: 16814: 16750: 16737: 16677: 16621: 16613: 16604: 16577: 16559: 16455: 16294: 16282: 16060: 15123: 15107: 15057: 14062: 13357: 13325:

Salaman, Redcliffe Nathan; Burton, William Glynn; Hawkes, John Gregory (1985).

12751:"New Zealand hold off Ireland in titanic battle to reach World Cup semi-finals" 12189: 11607: 10599: 7167: 6848: 6823: 6700:

investment in the 2014 Global Green Economy Index. Research and development in

6596: 6519: 6507: 6432: 6190: 5994: 5966: 5945: 5839: 5720:

in 2004, 2006 and 2007, culminated with a clean sweep of victories, known as a

5697: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5614: 5594: 5530: 5415: 5327:. remains influential in neo-classical microeconomic theory to this day; while 5296: 5229: 5217: 5206: 5201:

was a 17th-century natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, inventor and early

5133: 5071: 4994: 4843: 4784: 4745: 4623: 4500: 4485: 4419: 4119: 4096: 3878:

Ireland's largest religious group is Christianity. The largest denomination is

3541: 3526: 3518: 3489: 3479: 2886: 2854: 2797: 2569: 2368: 2344: 2262: 2095: 1948: 1826: 1624: 1531: 1484: 1476: 1452: 1421: 1325:, establishing monasteries and centres of learning, producing scholars such as 1216: 1169: 999: 970: 943: 771: 745: 660: 626: 574: 546: 536: 345: 265: 54: 19351: 14021: 11183:

Debate involving Former Minister for Environment Heritage and Local Government

10811: 9579:

Hull, Mark: "The Irish Interlude: German Intelligence in Ireland, 1939–1943",

8266: 8249: 7309: 7078:. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. September 2022. p. 4. 5185:

was considered one of the leading intellectuals of the early Middle Ages. Sir

4678: 3265: 2812:. Western areas are mainly mountainous and rocky with green panoramic vistas. 2133: 1487:

in 1152. There has been significant controversy regarding the authenticity of

1271: 1010:

that also included Britain, western France and Iberia, and that this is where

946:. The fields were farmed for several centuries between 3,500 BC and 3,000 BC. 942:, arguably the oldest in the world, consisted of small divisions separated by 754:

has had a significant influence on other cultures, especially in the field of

19486: 19318: 19001: 18797: 18430: 18402: 18309: 18301: 18043: 17995: 17781: 17729: 17458: 17398: 17388: 17288: 17263: 17049: 16110: 15943: 15817: 15292: 15277: 14679: 13365: 12356: 10871: 9794: 7847: 7558: 6872:"Irish Coastal Habitats: A Study of Impacts on Designated Conservation Areas" 6857: 6797: 6717: 6649:, County Antrim. Most of Ireland's gas comes through interconnectors between 6600: 6496: 6416: 6128: 6094: 6083: 5990: 5986: 5957: 5880: 5685: 5348: 5340: 5324: 5272: 5260: 5248: 5237: 5127: 5121: 5089: 5018: 4990: 4956: 4884: 4847: 4683: 4611: 4469: 4427: 4084: 4057: 4045: 3455: 3447: 3357: 3306: 2958: 2912: 2813: 2793: 2774: 2637: 2576:. A period of rapid economic expansion from 1995 onwards became known as the 2456: 2315: 2301: 2068: 2061: 2018: 1695: 1648: 1576: 1518: 1480: 1413: 1289: 1276: 1244: 1050:

script and culture were brought to Ireland by waves of invading or migrating

998:(including Celtic) through Western Europe with a people bringing a composite 602: 582: 230: 176: 156: 143: 4648:

and dance, and has become indicative of modern "Celtic" culture in general.

3689: 2141: 2101: 1600:

of 1494, Irish Parliamentary legislation was subject to the approval of the

19467: 19432: 18748: 18541: 18329: 17853: 17807: 17746: 17655: 17432: 17410: 17403: 16840: 16765: 16755: 16687: 16264: 16200: 16195: 16105: 16088: 15913: 15852: 15342: 15327: 14906: 12978:(Report). Department of Arts, Sport and Tourism. p. 11. Archived from 12755: 12387:"John Bell: Belfast street named after physicist who proved Einstein wrong" 10307: 10302: 8617: 8073: 6932: 6713: 6584: 6560: 6554: 6527: 6158: 6114: 6061: 5932:

destination. The temperate Irish climate is suited to sport angling. While

5909: 5876: 5797: 5767: 5755: 5677: 5673: 5555: 5474: 5450: 5442: 5344: 5213: 5198: 5190: 5174: 5105: 5026: 4660: 4480: 4349: 4107: 3853: 3573: 3549: 3388: 3319: 2920: 2817: 2816:, the island's longest river at 360.5 km (224 mi) long, rises in 2805: 2577: 2448: 2379: 2356: 2305: 2245: 2106:) and government. Simultaneously the Volunteers, which became known as the 2038: 1967: 1893: 1734: 1579:. In some parts, a hybrid Hiberno-Norman culture emerged. In response, the 1471: 1401: 1287:, metalworking and sculpture flourished and produced treasures such as the 1212: 1040: 1032: 1003: 974: 939: 919: 890: 787: 763: 733: 644:

comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain, with

393: 387: 381: 99: 17032: 14317: 14120:. Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government. Archived from 12029: 11281: 11198:"Census Reveals Northern Ireland's Protestant Population is at Record Low" 6684:(known locally as "turf") as a source of energy for home fires. A form of 6189:

Despite the two jurisdictions using two distinct currencies (the euro and

3799: 3719: 3711: 3617: 2087: 1521:, in 1185. This defined the Anglo-Norman administration in Ireland as the 19447: 19028: 18928: 18663: 18648: 18049: 17968: 17776: 17761: 17751: 17724: 17550: 17503: 17415: 17161: 16778: 16682: 16569: 16401: 16314: 16013: 15957: 15918: 15179: 10662: 9876: 9825:"How much discrimination was there under the Unionist regime, 1921–1968?" 8284:, pp. 35–55. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 77, section C 6690: 6658: 6576: 6523: 6420: 6132: 6106: 5914: 5900: 5793: 5742:. Ireland has won more medals in boxing than in any other Olympic sport. 5495: 5446: 5316: 5264: 5233: 5159: 5147: 5109: 5101: 4925: 4908: 4851: 4824: 4639: 4627: 4451: 4253: 4189: 4080: 4049: 3902: 3887: 3586: 3314: 2946: 2928: 2858: 2729: 2705: 2544: 2296:

Northern Ireland resulted from the division of the United Kingdom by the

2258: 1979: 1691: 1572: 1536: 1397: 1353: 1257: 1220: 886: 783: 775: 649: 399: 19356: 17318: 17084: 14659:

Ferriter, Diarmaid. "Women and political change in Ireland since 1960."

13704:"Regional economic activity by gross domestic product, UK: 1998 to 2021" 13342:"Feast and Famine: a History of Food and Nutrition in Ireland 1500–1920" 12483: 9618:

Clancy, Patrick; Drudy, Sheelagh; Lynch, Kathleen; O'Dowd, Liam (1997).

9536: 7972:"A History of Ireland: From the Earliest Times to 1922" By Edmund Curtis 6442:

16th and 17th centuries: confiscation and redistribution of land in the

5130:, which was founded in 1904, and the national Irish-language theatre is 4767: 3831: 2235:

was also active in Ireland. Its operations ended in September 1941 when

2132:

was concluded between the British government and representatives of the

19427: 19361: 18586: 18574: 18027: 17991: 17791: 17756: 17716: 17308: 17070: 17061: 16495: 16018: 15928: 15892: 15882: 15688: 13263: 11758: 11145: 8810:"The Great Irish Famine: Laws that Isolated and Impoverished the Irish" 8613:"Scion of traitors and warlords: Why Bush is coy about his Irish links" 8402:

Saint Patrick's World: The Christian culture of Ireland's Apostolic Age

6705: 6673: 6646: 6572: 6002: 5978: 5918: 5859: 5562:

in 1923 and organised its first international fixture in 1926 (against

5518: 5499: 5332: 5244: 5093: 5059: 5030: 4985: 4952: 4947:). Vocal and instrumental music (e.g. for the harp, pipes, and various 3883: 3783: 3735: 3681: 3533:: the Celtic broadleaf forests and North Atlantic moist mixed forests. 3510: 3473: 3459: 3443: 3380: 2916: 2897: 2874: 2842: 2766: 2520: 1987: 1716: 1640: 1467: 1466:

The invasion was legitimised by reference to provisions of the alleged

958: 897: 882: 16139: 13892: 11282:"The Gazetteer of British Place Names: Main features of the Gazetteer" 8214: 5962: 4904: 4663:, earning Ireland the sobriquet, "the island of saints and scholars". 4151: 3625: 2443:

The island is divided between the Republic of Ireland, an independent

1137:("Little Britain"), in contrast to the larger island, which he called 19341: 17986: 17093: 16527: 16248: 16032: 15887: 15862: 15837: 15262: 14946: 11794:. Dublin: Central Statistics Office. 22 November 2012. Archived from 10835:"Environment in Focus 2002: Key Environmental Indicators for Ireland" 9528: 8036:

McEvoy, B.; Richards, M.; Forster, P.; Bradley, D.G. (October 2004).

6627: 6564: 6550: 6456: 6014: 5547: 5503: 5043: 4865: 4667: 4540: 4522: 4511: 4489: 4476: 4387: 4122:, while no longer a city for administrative purposes (since the 2001 3807: 3767: 3727: 3703: 3673: 3633: 3530: 3514: 3439: 3399: 3376: 3372: 3367:

There are no snakes in Ireland, and only one species of reptile (the

2890: 2838: 2758: 2554: 2524: 2332: 1361: 1189: 1029: 1021: 824: 705: 590: 424: 17298: 16999: 16213: 15933: 14573:

Sixties Ireland: reshaping the economy, state and society, 1957–1973

11665: 9130:. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press. p. 28. 8378: 7477:"Sea-level change and inner shelf stratigraphy off Northern Ireland" 7476: 7104: 6919:(4). Environmental Sciences Unit, Trinity College, Dublin: 501–508. 6205:

Below is a comparison of the regional GDP on the island of Ireland.

5170: 3649: 19043: 19006: 18894: 18848: 18643: 18107: 17560: 17515: 17479: 17467: 17313: 17273: 17088: 17080: 17075: 17057: 16980: 16717: 16712: 16697: 16439: 16372: 16037: 15923: 15867: 15272: 14260:. Commission for Energy Regulation. 28 January 2011. Archived from 13598: 13237: 10904: 8055: 7588: 7243:"Native trees cover just 2% of Ireland. How can this be increased?" 6650: 6136: 6118: 6051: 5941: 5905: 5283: 5022: 4461: 4273: 4115: 4036:. Twenty-six of these counties are in the Republic of Ireland, and 4021: 4017: 3960: 3944: 3857: 3791: 3775: 3759: 3329: 3310: 2908: 2893:

into more Ordovician and Silurian rocks, like that found in Wales.

2878: 2866: 2821: 2809: 2770: 2335:

lines, meaning that the government of Northern Ireland (elected by

1940: 1814: 1593: 1349: 1310: 1153: 1129: 935: 934:, that has been preserved beneath a blanket of peat in present-day 911: 569: 17328: 11463:"The Irish-American population is seven times larger than Ireland" 11086:"CAP Reform – A Long-term Perspective for Sustainable Agriculture" 9651:

Winning and Losing: the Changing Geography of Europe's Rural Areas

7963:

Early Peoples of Britain and Ireland: A-G Christopher Allen Snyder

7146: 7042: 6966: 6186:

Ireland and the United Kingdom measure these numbers differently.

4519:

Traditional rural Irish-speaking areas, known collectively as the

3886:

denominations (about 48% of Northern Ireland). The largest is the

3743: 2708:

issues, are required to take place under the establishing treaty.

84: 18884: 18833: 18653: 18628: 18507: 18482: 18117: 18082: 18055: 17982: 17964: 17555: 17115: 16745: 16722: 16357: 16342: 16241: 16028: 16008: 14951: 14287: 14150:. National Inventory of Architectural Heritage. 17 September 2008 11231:"Divorce rates soar in Ireland as population continues to expand" 10810:. Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency . 2011. Archived from 9597:. San Francisco: International Scholars Publishers. p. 190. 7538:

The Island of Ireland: Drowning the Myth of an Irish Land-bridge?

6685: 6631: 6149: 6026: 5929: 5896: 5430: 5411: 4233: 4156: 4025: 3992: 3849: 3845: 3823: 3815: 3641: 3601: 3463: 3361: 3348: 3294: 3270: 2996: 2962: 2630: 2602: 2471:

which resulted in 51.9% of UK voters choosing to leave the bloc.

2146:

an oath of allegiance to the Constitution of the Irish Free State

2024:

Their formation was followed in 1914 by the establishment of the

1448: 1357: 1298: 1124: 1061: 1036: 966: 288: 18843: 18766: 7400:

The Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature in Britain, 4 Volume Set

5754:. In 2008 Kenneth Egan won a silver medal in the Beijing Games. 5716:

against the other European elite sides. This success, including

5546:

incident in which, despite an earlier promise, the IFA moved an

4140: 3751: 2857:, is a medium- to high-grade metamorphic and igneous complex of 1994:, to introduce such a bill following the Union of 1801, fearing 1392: 1046:

The long-standing traditional view is that the Celtic language,

828: 613:

in the world. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the

541: 19392: 19038: 18923: 18823: 18638: 18425: 18207:

Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles

18127: 18102: 18066: 18060: 17973: 17896: 17822: 17741: 17243: 16727: 16672: 16227: 16220: 16065: 15998: 15857: 14344:"Northern Ireland Energy Holdings – Frequently Asked Questions" 13127:. Dublin: Department of Arts, Sport and Tourism. Archived from 10389:. Inland Waterways Association of Ireland. 2014. Archived from 10025: 8320:

Jaski, Bart (2005). "Kings and kingship". In Seán Duffy (ed.).

6541:

and Book of Kells. The west and south west, which includes the

6122: 6047: 6038: 6034: 5933: 5637:

and 2016. Across Ireland, there is significant interest in the

5426: 5304: 5268: 5139: 4599: 4292: 4212: 4145: 4092: 4029: 3976: 3657: 3545: 3423: 3000: 2932: 2464: 2232: 1966:

in a surprise result and despite being unable to take his seat

1797:

In 1798, members of the Protestant Dissenter tradition (mainly

1494: 1417: 1345: 1337: 1223:, administered by a professional class of jurists known as the 1185: 1181: 1065: 978: 951: 795: 673: 498: 474: 436: 365: 256: 112: 19:

This article is about the island. For the sovereign state, see

14089:. National Tourism Development Authority. 2006. Archived from 12780: 12778: 12776: 7833:"Tartessian: Celtic from the Southwest at the Dawn of History" 7474: 5819:

won two medals at 5,000 metres on the track; gold at the 1995

4799:. Other notable 18th-century writers of Irish origin included 2620:

Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom with a local

18899: 18828: 17527: 17333: 17278: 17166: 16760: 16702: 16692: 16650: 16600: 16277: 15847: 13157:. R&A Championships Ltd. 16 December 2009. Archived from 10867:"Ireland now has the 'second-smallest' forest area in Europe" 10595:"Providence sees Helvick oil field as key site in Celtic Sea" 6144: 6140: 6010: 5982: 5981:

were more common than beef, and thick fatty strips of salted

5937: 5801: 5669: 4864:

and his life is celebrated annually on 16 June in Dublin as "

4656: 4311: 3665: 3494: 3415: 2924: 2870: 2559:, who is appointed by the president on the nomination of the 1904: 1252: 1112: 1108: 1073: 1051: 1047: 947: 922:, where a flint knife, cattle bones and a sheep's tooth were 621:), a sovereign state covering five-sixths of the island, and 14438:. Hibernian Wind Power Ltd. 27 February 2004. Archived from 10793:

Irish Biogeographic Society Occasional Publications Number 2

8179:

Irish Pedigrees: or, The Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation

8035: 7991:. Dublin: Irish Government Stationery Office. Archived from 7882:. Oxbow Books and Celtic Studies Publications. p. 384. 5875:, and the first European to win that tournament since 1970. 2580:

period, was brought to an end in 2008 with an unprecedented

1119:

The earliest written records of Ireland come from classical

18818: 17786: 17323: 17303: 17238: 17066: 14234:. Single Electricity Market Operator (SEMO). Archived from 12773: 12666: 9515:

Gwynn, Stephen (January 1934). "Ireland Since the Treaty".

6967:"Population at Each Census by Sex and County, 1841 to 2022" 6681: 6438:

Salient events in the economic history of Ireland include:

6090: 6055: 6022: 5738:

Amateur boxing on the island of Ireland is governed by the

5559: 5035: 4095:, with 14,590 is the seat of the Church of Ireland and the 3521:, Ireland belongs to the Atlantic European province of the 3352: 2249: 1294: 1215:. The concept did not become a political reality until the 1103: 982: 962: 791: 762:, a strong indigenous culture exists, as expressed through 504: 13920:

Freedom and Trade: Free trade and its reception, 1815–1960

12768:

let the record state: eight quarter-finals, eight defeats.

11751:"Belfast Gaeltacht inspired Irish speakers all over North" 11499:"Hustling to Find Classrooms For All in a Diverse Ireland" 10986: 10569:

Shannon, Pat; Haughton, P. D. W.; Corcoran, D. V. (2001).

9617: 9100:

Feast and Famine: Food and Nutrition in Ireland, 1500–1920

7875: 7325:"Brexit Questions and Answers | Northern Ireland Assembly" 6720:

facility is the only power-storage facility in the state.

4830:

In the 20th century, Ireland produced four winners of the

4126:), is entitled by law to continue to use the description. 2584:

and an economic depression in 2009. According to the 2024

1730: 1092: 15965: 14630:

The Story of the Irish Race: A Popular History of Ireland

12635:"Sports Participation and Health Among Adults in Ireland" 10832: 10028:"Independent International Commission on Decommissioning" 8786:

Adrian IV, the English Pope, 1154–1159: Studies and Texts

8308:

A New History of Ireland 1: Prehistoric and Early Ireland

6557:

in County Galway, are also popular tourist destinations.

4911:, one of the most significant writers of the 20th century 3403: 2588:, Ireland is the 2nd most peaceful country in the world. 2079:

further due to the ongoing war in Europe, as well as the

2009:

and others campaigned for autonomy within the Union, or "

1954:

The 19th and early 20th centuries saw the rise of modern

14170:"Luxury hotels included in "significant buildings" list" 13735:. National Competitiveness Council. 2006. Archived from 12640:. Economic and Social Research Institute. Archived from 12548:. Economic and Social Research Institute. Archived from 11059:. Environment and Heritage Service. 2007. Archived from 11008:

Minchin, D. (2001). "Biodiversity and Marine Invaders".

10700:"Sub-zero temperatures make 2010 a record-breaking year" 7168:

Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (2022).

5762:(where Ireland came 2nd in the overall medal table) and 5267:, is the person whom the absolute temperature unit, the 2987:

with few extremes. The climate is typically insular and

1707:, and the victory of the forces of the dual monarchy of 15394:

List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland

14702:

Luck and the Irish: A Brief History of Change 1970-2000

13005:"Kildare at the heart of the Irish bloodstock industry" 12694:"For First Time, Croke Park Is Ireland's Common Ground" 11341: 10568: 9871: 9717:

Luck and the Irish: A Brief History of Change 1970–2000

9676:

The Future of International Migration to OECD Countries

9494:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 719–748. 9433:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 478–530. 9405:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 376–400. 6046:

foods can be found throughout the country, for example

3371:) is native to the island. Extinct species include the 1892:

in London, though resistance remained, as evidenced by

14111: 12149: 10571:

The Petroleum Exploration of Ireland's Offshore Basins

10026:

Nieminen, Tauno; de Chastelain, John; Andrew D. Sens.

9681:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

9370:"Ireland Learns to Adapt to a Population Growth Spurt" 8819:. New Jersey Commission on Holocaust Education. 1998. 8463:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 7043:"Population Usually Resident and Present in the State" 6907:

Neilson, Brigitte; Costello, Mark J. (22 April 1999).

1627:

in the 2nd half of the 16th century. Preserved in the

1260:

in contrast to elsewhere in Western Europe, where the

17519: 14941: 13962:

Sixty Points Against Home Rule: A "modern-eye"-opener

10326:

British and Irish Isles or simply Britain and Ireland

7271:"Ireland's native woodlands are quietly disappearing" 5969:, an example of the resurgence in Irish cheese making 5617:. The Republic qualified for the World Cup finals in 5193:

and the discovery of the approximate location of the

4887:

and Seamus Heaney and Irish-language writers such as

4622:). In broad terms, Ireland is regarded as one of the 3509:

Because of its mild climate, many species, including

2865:. Across southeast Ulster and extending southwest to 2789:

is sometimes used as a neutral term for the islands.

708:, and was extended during the 18th century. With the 528: 507: 17905: 15124:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

14314:"Bord Gáis Marks Completion of South-North Pipeline" 13761: 13759: 13757: 12669:. Croke Park Stadium / Gaelic Athletic Association. 12413:"Five Irish Scientists Who Put Chemistry on the Map" 12069:(Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus Publishing, 2004), 10485:. Geological Survey of Ireland. 2007. Archived from 10266: 9337:"1841: A window on Victorian Britain – This Britain" 7699: 7697: 6563:, built during the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries in 6263: 5811:

Irish athletics is an all-Ireland sport governed by

5299:

and was nominated for a Nobel prize. The astronomer

5100:. Contemporary Irish visual artists of note include 2457:

free movement of people, goods, services and capital

1990:

had opposed the plan of the earlier Prime Minister,

1525:. When Henry's successor died unexpectedly in 1199, 1498:

Political boundaries in Ireland in 1450, before the

842: 510: 501: 14202:"Dromoland Castle Hotel is a dreamland for golfers" 13568: 13324: 13151:"Peter Dawson speaks about golf's Olympic ambition" 12321:"Nobel Prize in Physics 1951 – Presentation Speech" 10970:. National Museums Northern Ireland. Archived from 10507: 9917:. Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association. 1978. 9575: 9573: 9424: 9422: 8978:"A Short History of Ireland: The Curse of Cromwell" 8730:, Colmán N. (2005). "Papacy". In Seán Duffy (ed.). 7147:Central Statistics Office, Ireland (23 June 2022). 6626:with enough power. In the Republic of Ireland, the 5508:

2005 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final

5363:, born in Ireland and most known for her work with 4556:

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

2648:is a cabinet-level post in the British government. 1978:through Parliament, aided by future prime minister 676:raids and settlement took place culminating in the 672:. In the late 8th century to early 11th century AD 495: 14671: 14585:Environmental Institute, University College Dublin 14578: 14346:. Northern Ireland Energy Holdings. Archived from 13569:Blocker, Jack; Fahey, David; Tyrrell, Ian (2003). 13546:. Public Radio International (PRI). Archived from 13295: 13293: 13291: 13289: 13287: 13285: 10759:"Balmy start to November sees record temperatures" 9979:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 56–100. 9454: 9452: 9450: 8914: 7437: 7435: 7433: 7431: 7402:. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. p. 750. 6502:Some of the most visited sites in Ireland include 5879:, at the age of 22, won the 2011 U.S. Open, while 5554:(FAI). Despite being initially blacklisted by the 5126:The Republic of Ireland's national theatre is the 3281:Unlike Great Britain which had a land bridge with 1872:that, with effect from 1 January 1801, merged the 1416:knights, with an army of about 600 men, landed at 663:had emerged by the 1st century AD. The island was 15487:List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland 14822:Origins of the British: A Genetic Detective Story 14633:. Ireland: The Irish Publishing Co. p. 768. 14601: 13754: 12868:"RTÉ News: Irish boxer loses out on Olympic gold" 12611:. Derry/Londonderry: Nerve Centre. 14 July 2008. 11364: 11191: 11189: 10992: 10791:Biogeography of Ireland: past, present and future 10783: 10086:"Country Comparison: GDP – per capita (PPP)" 9949:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 33–56. 9744:"Ireland's Economy Suffered Record Slump in 2009" 9093: 9091: 8493:. London: Chapman and Hall. pp. 9, 87, 117. 8460:Eerdman's Handbook to the History of Christianity 7765: 7763: 7694: 7470: 7468: 7149:"Census of Population 2022 – Preliminary Results" 7138: 7136: 6749:wrote 50,000, T. N. Burke said 80,000 to 100,000. 4860:is considered one of the most important works of 4780:continue to produce scores of titles every year. 4087:. Dublin, with over one million residents in the 3239:Source 2: The Irish Times (November record high) 2941:is ongoing following the first major find at the 1907:industry, Ireland was largely passed over by the 19484: 14863: 12726:. Football Association of Ireland. 5 June 2009. 12099:Buckley, Ann: "Medieval Ireland, Music in", in: 12055:. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. 10280:. Office for National Statistics. 24 August 2023 9570: 9419: 9097: 9054: 9052: 9050: 8677:A History of Ireland from Earliest Times to 1922 7019:. Central Statistics Office. 25 September 2023. 7017:"Population and Migration Estimates, April 2023" 6824:"Beyond the boundaries in the island of Ireland" 6757: 6755: 6522:. Historically important monastic sites include 6058:, a doughy white bread particular to Waterford. 4626:of Europe, alongside Scotland, Wales, Cornwall, 2904:, is an area of substantially deformed, lightly 1782:"The Camp on Vinegar Hill" - an illustration by 801:As of 2024, the country is ranked second in the 734:civil unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s 16333:Association football in the Republic of Ireland 14789:A Rocky Road: The Irish Economy Since the 1920s 13769:. Central Statistics Office. 27 February 2020. 13485:The Blackwell Companion to Modern Irish Culture 13329:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 218–219. 13282: 12597: 12050: 11813: 11727:John Walsh; Bernadette OʼRourke; Hugh Rowland, 11562: 9624:. Institute of Public Administration. pp. 9447: 9121: 9119: 9004:"Laws in Ireland for the Suppression of Popery" 8951: 8947: 8945: 7428: 6906: 6181:International Financial Services Centre, Dublin 5487:Association football in the Republic of Ireland 4827:, noted for his epigrams, was born in Ireland. 2999:, in the south, records the least snow whereas 2885:province of Scotland. Further south, along the 1367: 1054:from mainland Europe. This theory draws on the 14579:Dennison, Gabriel; Ni Fhloinn, Baibre (1994). 14534: 13891:. livingcost.org. 27 July 2020. Archived from 13865:. livingcost.org. 27 July 2020. Archived from 13450: 13327:The History and Social Influence of the Potato 12970: 12906:"Katie Taylor wins World Boxing Championships" 12287:Understanding Science: Famous Irish Scientists 12271: 11947:"Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey, 1999" 11627: 11186: 10419:. Geological Survey of Ireland. Archived from 10295: 9827:. In Gallagher, Tom; O'Connell, James (eds.). 9492:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 9431:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 9403:The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism 9222:Culture and Capitalism in Contemporary Ireland 9219: 9088: 8761:Henry II: A Medieval Soldier at War, 1147–1189 8668: 7760: 7465: 7212:Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine 7151:. Dublin: Central Statistics Office, Ireland. 7133: 5758:secured bronze in those games and gold in the 4764:and others. Irish-language publishers such as 2694:Foyle, Carlingford and Irish Lights Commission 2347:and discrimination in housing and employment. 2326:"using all means which may be found necessary" 2206:the state was declared, officially, to be the 988: 724:in the early 20th century was followed by the 18782: 17483: 16585: 14967: 14847: 14740: 14077: 14075: 14073: 14071: 13959:Battersby, Thomas Stephenson Francis (1912). 13792: 13790: 13788: 13304:. Oxford University Press. pp. 407–408. 13299: 12973:Review of the Horse and Greyhound Racing Fund 12667:"Croke Park. Not just a venue. A destination" 12343: 12150:O'Kelly, Michael J.; O'Kelly, Claire (1982). 12107:and Barra Boydell (Dublin: UCD Press, 2013), 11536:. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. p. 156. 10375:. Dublin: Allen Figgis & Co. p. 240. 10092:. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from 9929:– via Conflict Archive on the Internet. 9903:– via Conflict Archive on the Internet. 9224:. Hampshire, UK: Avebury Press. p. 119. 9187:. Oxford University Press. pp. 314–330. 9098:Clarkson, Leslie; Crawford, Margaret (2001). 9047: 8643: 8310:, Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 182–234. 8250:"Ptolemy's Map of Ireland: a Modern Decoding" 7577: 6752: 6125:) is probably the best-known Irish cocktail. 3387:. Some previously extinct birds, such as the 2983:. Overall, Ireland has a mild but changeable 2672:jurisdiction. The implementation bodies are: 2257:easier still by generous incentives from the 1962:. He was elected as Member of Parliament for 17471: 14900: 14864:Woodcock, N. H.; Strachan, Robin A. (2000). 14792:. Manchester University Press. p. 246. 13667:"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects" 13661: 13659: 13599:"Irish Whiskey's Growth Not Just About Luck" 13592: 13590: 12478:. World Intellectual Property Organization. 12352:"William Thomson: king of Victorian physics" 11975:The Oxford Companion to the English Language 11636:"Ireland's Age of Affluence Comes to an End" 11078: 11010:Proceedings of a Conference 26–27 April 2001 10995:Proceedings of a Conference 26–27 April 2001 10532: 10342:"FAQ: What is the longest river in Ireland?" 10336: 10334: 10175: 9116: 8942: 8012:The Question of the Celticization of Ireland 7739: 6354: 6121:of coffee and whiskey reputedly invented at 6089:Irish whiskey, as researched in 2009 by the 5295:and a paper concerning the discovery of the 3908: 3305:, are very common, whereas others, like the 2757:. It is separated from Great Britain by the 2535:(the Dáil), a house of representatives, and 2469:referendum on EU membership was held in 2016 2017:were formed in 1913 under the leadership of 1172:referred to Ireland by this name too in its 700:was designed to materially disadvantage the 19245:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 17531: 17495: 15096:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 14818: 14781: 14284:"Interconnection: East-West Interconnector" 14232:"About SEMO: The Single Electricity Market" 13889:"Cost of living in the Republic of Ireland" 13825: 13823: 13537: 13512: 12913: 12875: 12792:. European Club Rugby. 2014. Archived from 12253:. Working and Living Publications. p. 12193: 11923:. Central Statistics Office. Archived from 11895:. Cambridge University Press. p. 191. 11861: 11176: 11155: 11001: 10756: 10724: 10670: 10655: 10634: 10116:"Human Development Report 2015: Table A1.1" 9973: 9943: 9065: 9059: 8725: 8456: 8324:. Abingdon and New York. pp. 251–254 . 8301: 8293: 7876:John T. Koch; Barry Cunliffe, eds. (2010). 7613: 7532: 7530: 7307: 6484: 6452:occasioned depopulation and mass emigration 5131: 5010: 4896: 4888: 4873: 4773: 4765: 4757: 4749: 4726: 4714: 4706: 4534: 4528: 4520: 4509: 3837: 3829: 3821: 3813: 3805: 3797: 3789: 3781: 3773: 3765: 3757: 3749: 3741: 3733: 3725: 3717: 3709: 3701: 3695: 3687: 3679: 3671: 3663: 3655: 3647: 3639: 3631: 3623: 3615: 3607: 3599: 3230: 2785:in relation to Ireland, the alternate term 2713:North/South Inter-Parliamentary Association 2560: 2552: 2536: 2528: 2489: 2439:Political entities on the island of Ireland 2099: 2090:, received overwhelming endorsement in the 1986:to sign the Bill and proclaim it into law. 1882:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1864:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1857: 1064:were said to be the first, followed by the 927: 818: 563: 62: 46: 18955:British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference 18789: 18775: 17507: 16599: 16592: 16578: 16519:Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland 14974: 14960: 14504: 14068: 13785: 13698: 13696: 13694: 13692: 13451:Davenport, Fionn; Smith, Jonathan (2006). 12475:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition 11529: 11414: 11195: 10968:Invasive Alien Species in Northern Ireland 10833:M Lehane; O Le Bolloch; P Crawley (eds.). 10619: 10274:"A Beginners Guide to UK Geography (2023)" 10123:Human Development Index and its components 9741: 9282:. University of Houston. 7 November 2008. 9184:Ireland: A New Economic History, 1780–1939 9074:. Cambridge University Press. p. 12. 8763:. Brill Academic Publishers. p. 239. 8744:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8734:. Abingdon and New York. pp. 361–362. 8334:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8247: 8175: 7393: 7286:, 19 June 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2019. 7266: 7264: 7238: 7236: 5908:has hosted European championship surfing. 5760:2010 European Amateur Boxing Championships 5558:' associations, the FAI was recognised by 4194: 4183: 4150: 4139: 4012:Traditionally, Ireland is subdivided into 3391:, have been reintroduced after decades of 2701:British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference 2662: 2636:Ultimately political power is held by the 1517:which Henry conferred on his younger son, 98: 83: 23:. For the part of the United Kingdom, see 14867:Geological History of Britain and Ireland 14529:Ireland: The Politics of Enmity 1789-2006 13965:. Unionist assoc. of Ireland. p. 7. 13958: 13656: 13623: 13587: 13481: 13419: 13388: 13373: 13266:. Central and Regional Fisheries Boards. 13240:. Central and Regional Fisheries Boards. 13031:"Loughnane claims silver medal in Berlin" 12349: 11965: 11666:"Head-to-Head: The Irish Language Debate" 11423:"Has Australia forgotten its Irish past?" 11334: 11120:Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland) 10573:. London: Geological Society. p. 2. 10331: 10176:Ritchie, Heather; Ellis, Geraint (2009). 10060:"Queen and Martin McGuinness shake hands" 9583:, Vol. 66, No. 3 (July 2002), pp. 695–717 9249:. Cambridge University Press. p. 47. 9152:"Ireland AD 1750–1900 The Industrial Age" 8610: 8265: 8063: 7398:. In Echard, Sian; Rouse, Robert (eds.). 7258:, 6 July 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2019. 7199: 7197: 7195: 7193: 6847: 6783: 6781: 6680:Ireland has an ancient industry based on 5871:became the first Irish golfer to win the 5228:, is best known for his invention of the 1607: 1555:for, the English church at the time, the 259:, pop. 1,458,154 Metropolitan Area (2022) 16338:Association football in Northern Ireland 14505:Becker, Annette; Wang, Wilfried (1997). 13820: 13573:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 653. 13571:Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History 13346:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 13007:. The Curragh Racecourse. Archived from 12691: 12537: 12535: 12447:World Intellectual Property Organization 12124: 11971: 11748: 11730:Research Report on New Speakers of Irish 11571:"Ireland Steps Up as Immigration Leader" 11493: 11420: 11255: 11228: 10796: 9653:. Chippenham, UK: Ashgate. p. 234. 9621:Irish Society: Sociological Perspectives 9549: 9264:. Oxon: Taylor and Francis. p. 152. 9244: 9102:. Oxford University Press. p. 274. 8611:Chrisafis, Angelique (25 January 2005). 8588:. Ancestry Publishing. 6 December 1998. 8515: 8248:Darcy, R.; Flynn, William (March 2008). 7909: 7824: 7744:. Office of Public Works. Archived from 7585:"Earliest evidence of humans in Ireland" 7527: 6667: 6153:(marketed in the Republic of Ireland as 6060: 5961: 5792: 5572: 5523:All-Ireland Senior Football Championship 5494: 5491:Association football in Northern Ireland 5169: 4989:traditional music led by groups such as 4903: 4677: 4598: 4450: 3585: 3540: 3536: 3529:. The island can be subdivided into two 3472: 3324: 3264: 2853:. In the west, around County Galway and 2837: 2728: 2601: 2484: 2434: 2408:First Minister and deputy First Minister 2310: 2177: 2156:and those opposed to the treaty, led by 2051: 1982:, Wellington prevailed upon a reluctant 1913: 1777: 1729: 1617: 1493: 1391: 1364:, as well as other smaller settlements. 1270: 1102: 1020: 881:was less than 50m lower resulting in an 15534:Demographics of the Republic of Ireland 13913: 13689: 13115: 12581:. Finfacts Multimedia. 4 January 2006. 12277: 12246: 11890: 11777: 11694: 11688: 11007: 9648: 9611: 9592: 9458: 9334: 9180: 9028: 8699: 8457:Dowley, Tim; et al., eds. (1977). 8399: 8348: 8160: 8117: 8008: 7981: 7842:. 9 (Acta Palaeohispanica X): 339–351. 7475:Andrew Cooper & D. Jackson (2006). 7261: 7233: 6817: 6815: 6427:also contributed to repeated phases of 5527:All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 3578:Demographics of the Republic of Ireland 2086:The pro-independence republican party, 1333:and exerting much influence in Europe. 1093:Late antiquity and early medieval times 291:, pop. 671,559 Metropolitan Area (2011) 196:84,421 km (32,595 sq mi) 19485: 17448: 14666: 14608:. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan. p. 14535:Collins, Neil; Cradden, Terry (2001). 14499:The making of Modern Ireland 1603-1923 14468: 13767:"County Incomes and Regional GDP 2018" 13630:. London: Lonely Planet. p. 348. 13339: 13205: 12922:from the original on 23 September 2012 12748: 12393:from the original on 24 September 2015 12318: 11992: 11854:"Where are Ireland's Gaeltacht areas?" 11785:"Press Statement: Census 2011 Results" 11568: 11550:from the original on 29 September 2013 11237:from the original on 19 September 2016 11196:McKittrick, David (19 December 2002). 10370: 10352:from the original on 29 September 2015 9969: 9939: 9816: 9804:from the original on 23 September 2015 9471:from the original on 25 September 2022 9247:Chasing Progress in the Irish Republic 9220:Keating, Paul; Desmond, Derry (1993). 9006:. University of Minnesota Law School. 8909: 8783: 8758: 8674: 8650:. Cambridge University Press. p. 8647:The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History 8483: 8431: 8427: 8425: 7924: 7914:. The Prehistoric Society. p. 61. 7675: 7190: 7023:from the original on 25 September 2023 6778: 4527:, are in linguistic decline. The main 2686:Special European Union Programmes Body 2474: 2402:drawn from the major parties in a new 2363:population. In 1969, the paramilitary 1792:History of the Irish rebellion in 1798 862: 568: 18770: 18680: 18572: 18351: 18153: 17585: 17365: 17011: 16648: 16573: 15803: 15593: 15414: 15020: 14955: 14626: 14393: 14378:, pp. 22, 24, 26, archived from 14294:from the original on 22 February 2020 14032:from the original on 1 September 2015 13644:from the original on 4 September 2015 13395:. Hoboken: Wiley Publishing. p. 13218:from the original on 21 December 2013 13181:"In Pictures: Harrington wins US PGA" 12886:from the original on 20 December 2013 12704:from the original on 11 November 2012 12692:Moynihan, Michael (6 February 2007). 12532: 12453:from the original on 2 September 2021 12300:from the original on 4 September 2015 12278:Reville, William (14 December 2000). 12153:Newgrange: Archaeology Art and Legend 12101:The Encyclopaedia of Music in Ireland 11872:from the original on 7 September 2015 11709:from the original on 16 February 2018 11646:from the original on 6 September 2013 11633: 11460: 11144: 11126:from the original on 15 December 2017 11096:from the original on 22 December 2009 10921:from the original on 4 September 2015 10789:Costello, M.J. and Kelly, K.S., 1993 10697: 10007:from the original on 17 December 2008 9822: 9558:from the original on 17 December 2008 9514: 9367: 9316:from the original on 28 December 2019 9286:from the original on 23 February 2013 9259: 8759:Hosler, John D.; et al. (2007). 8544: 8376: 8319: 7933:from the original on 27 November 2020 7927:"The Arrival of the Celts in Ireland" 7769: 7614:Roseingrave, Louise (18 April 2021). 7559:"The moment Britain became an island" 6828:Journal of Marine and Island Cultures 6822:Royle, Stephen A. (1 December 2012). 6821: 6676:by the road to Leenane, County Galway 6200: 6105:whiskies. Whiskey forms the basis of 5236:and he discovered an early method of 5224:, professor of natural philosophy in 5181:The Irish philosopher and theologian 4850:. Although not a Nobel Prize winner, 4434:The Republic of Ireland in particular 4405:List of metropolitan areas in Ireland 4079:City status in Ireland is decided by 3345:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests 2591: 2519:whose role is mostly ceremonial. The 1571:From the mid-14th century, after the 1239:arrived in Ireland on a mission from 694:colonisation by settlers from Britain 635:second-most populous island in Europe 545: 18960:British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly 14888:from the original on 5 February 2021 14768:from the original on 5 February 2021 14717: 14647:from the original on 5 February 2021 14602:Dooney, Sean; O'Toole, John (1992). 14413:from the original on 28 October 2014 14212:from the original on 22 October 2013 13863:"Cost of living in Northern Ireland" 13831:"Overview of Northern Ireland Trade" 13773:from the original on 8 December 2020 13677:from the original on 5 February 2023 13605:from the original on 10 October 2013 13596: 13513:Leavy, Brian; Wilson, David (1994). 13187:from the original on 2 November 2012 12848:from the original on 8 November 2015 12822:from the original on 24 October 2016 12615:from the original on 16 October 2011 12585:from the original on 2 November 2019 12500:from the original on 22 October 2023 12471: 12423:from the original on 29 January 2017 12327:. Alfred Nobel Memorial Foundation. 12170:from the original on 7 December 2022 12028:. James Joyce Centre. Archived from 11834:from the original on 21 October 2012 11569:Seaver, Michael (5 September 2007). 11530:Tovey, Hilary; Share, Perry (2003). 11433:from the original on 31 January 2019 11322:from the original on 23 October 2010 11292:from the original on 11 January 2010 11057:Northern Ireland Species Action Plan 10879:from the original on 10 January 2014 10643:from the original on 9 February 2010 10562: 10520:from the original on 18 October 2009 10459:from the original on 28 October 2008 10315:from the original on 21 January 2014 10192:from the original on 5 February 2011 10127:United Nations Development Programme 9697:from the original on 5 February 2021 9201:from the original on 6 February 2021 9158:. The British Museum. Archived from 9125: 9010:from the original on 25 January 2010 8891:from the original on 29 October 2020 8844: 8582:"Ireland's History in Maps (800 AD)" 8497:from the original on 5 February 2021 8389:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 8280:Carson, R.A.G. and O'Kelly, Claire: 8196: 8165:. Austin: University of Texas Press. 7830: 7792: 7657:from the original on 19 October 2017 7644: 7416:from the original on 5 February 2021 7221:from the original on 20 October 2019 7121:from the original on 1 December 2015 7115:United Nations Environment Programme 7097: 7085:from the original on 5 December 2022 6997:from the original on 7 November 2017 6913:Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 6888:from the original on 3 December 2020 6812: 6745:Numbers vary, from a low of 12,000. 6054:in Cork, both a type of sausage, or 5115: 4110:in 1994 (having lost that status in 2820:in the north-west and flows through 2222:clandestine assistance to the Allies 1443:, France, following a war involving 18573: 14901:Wallis, Geoff; Wilson, Sue (2001). 14581:Traditional Architecture in Ireland 14575:(Cambridge University Press, 2016). 14052:Mount Stewart's world-class gardens 14002:from the original on 23 August 2015 13808:from the original on 15 August 2017 13538:O'Clery, Conor (25 February 2009). 13300:Davidson, Alan; Jaine, Tom (2006). 13041:from the original on 16 August 2021 12952:from the original on 11 August 2021 12749:Aylwin, Michael (14 October 2023). 12730:from the original on 2 October 2017 12673:from the original on 1 October 2007 12350:McCartney, Mark (1 December 2002). 11953:from the original on 8 January 2011 11819: 11603:"24% of boom births to 'new Irish'" 11382:from the original on 20 August 2023 11352:from the original on 25 August 2021 11288:. Association of British Counties. 11229:Counihan, Patrick (30 March 2012). 10961: 10066:from the original on 20 August 2021 9895:from the original on 4 January 2012 9881:. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 9878:Fair Employment in Northern Ireland 9776:"Measuring Ireland's Progress 2011" 9742:Pogatchnik, Shawn (25 March 2010). 9489: 9428: 9400: 9306:"Effects of the Famine: Emigration" 8788:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 149. 8700:Edwards, Ruth; et al. (2005). 8679:. New York: Routledge. p. 49. 8625:from the original on 29 August 2013 8450: 8422: 8287: 8182:. Dublin: J. Duffy and Co. p. 8099:from the original on 22 August 2015 7453:from the original on 5 October 2022 7375:from the original on 19 August 2024 7366:Institute for Economics & Peace 7362:Institute for Economics & Peace 6463: 6403: 6315:Northern Ireland Purchases/Imports 5672:and at least three compete for the 5138:, which was established in 1928 in 4868:". A comparable writer in Irish is 4072:. Counties in Northern Ireland are 2657:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom 2551:is headed by a prime minister, the 2367:, which favoured the creation of a 2302:Belfast suffered four bombing raids 2281: 2028:, whose aim was to ensure that the 1451:, and sought the assistance of the 1211:, with a ceremonial capital at the 13: 15563:Tourism in the Republic of Ireland 15338:Economy of the Republic of Ireland 15136:Irish Free State (1922–1937) 14981: 14806:from the original on 16 April 2021 14559:from the original on 1 August 2020 14507:20th-century Architecture: Ireland 13710:from the original on 25 April 2023 13270:from the original on 23 March 2010 13244:from the original on 14 March 2010 12543:"The Social Significance of Sport" 12129:. Basement Press. pp. 26–30. 12006:from the original on 16 April 2012 11695:Ó Broin, Brian (16 January 2010). 11475:from the original on 13 April 2016 11318:. Northern Ireland Tourist Board. 10479:"Geology of Kerry-Cork – Sheet 21" 10040:from the original on 11 March 2011 9595:Ireland in the War Years 1939–1945 9459:Morough, Michael (December 2000). 9382:from the original on 16 April 2009 8826:from the original on 19 March 2014 8592:from the original on 9 August 2011 8043:American Journal of Human Genetics 7705:"Prehistoric Genocide in Ireland?" 7626:from the original on 22 April 2021 7515:from the original on 18 April 2023 7205:"Forest Statistics – Ireland 2017" 7172:. Belfast: Department of Finance. 6708:) has increased since 2004. Large 6455:1846: Westminster's repeal of the 6364:Monthly Cost of Living Comparison 6171:Economy of the Republic of Ireland 5529:. During the redevelopment of the 4981:of this time belong to emigrants. 4951:) was transmitted orally, but the 4915: 3670:. Later major groups included the 3246: 3003:, in the north, records the most. 2359:to aid the police and protect the 2190:and independence for 26 out of 32 2174:Economy of the Republic of Ireland 2170:History of the Republic of Ireland 2152:between the new government of the 1903:Aside from the development of the 1439:In 1166, Mac Murrough had fled to 16:Island in the North Atlantic Ocean 14: 19519: 18796: 18003:Festival Interceltique de Lorient 15348:Post-2008 Irish economic downturn 14925: 14853:Early Irish History and Mythology 14401:"2014 Global Green Economy Index" 14320:. 1 November 2007. Archived from 13597:Berk, Christina (19 March 2009). 13517:. London: Routledge. p. 63. 13457:. London: Lonely Planet. p. 13426:. London: Lonely Planet. p. 12364:from the original on 15 July 2008 11765:from the original on 21 June 2023 11676:from the original on 2 April 2015 11615:from the original on 23 June 2013 11583:from the original on 8 March 2009 11511:from the original on 29 June 2011 11421:McDonald, Ronan (16 March 2015). 11090:Agriculture and Rural Development 11030:from the original on 28 June 2010 10771:from the original on 4 March 2016 10712:from the original on 9 March 2013 10698:Keane, Kevin (28 December 2010). 10136:from the original on 1 March 2017 10001:"Turning the pages on lost lives" 9552:"Irish who fought on the beaches" 8861:from the original on 2 April 2015 8817:Irish Famine Curriculum Committee 8732:Medieval Ireland. An Encyclopedia 8562:from the original on 3 April 2017 8355:The Brehon Laws: A Legal Handbook 8322:Medieval Ireland. An Encyclopedia 8142:from the original on 27 July 2020 7857:from the original on 23 June 2010 7800:"O'Donnell Lecture 2008 Appendix" 7595:from the original on 3 April 2017 7335:from the original on 27 July 2023 7155:from the original on 23 June 2022 6947:from the original on 13 July 2021 6787: 6264:Northern Ireland trade comparison 6229:United Kingdom: Northern Ireland 5951: 5740:Irish Athletic Boxing Association 5629:and the European Championship in 5386:in 2023, down from 12th in 2019. 5382:. Ireland was ranked 22nd in the 5021:. Groups and musicians including 2889:coastline, is an area of granite 2769:, which lies between Ireland and 2339:from 1929) was controlled by the 2322:in 1912, declaring opposition to 2098:, setting up its own parliament ( 1767: 728:, leading to the creation of the 18945:Ireland–United Kingdom relations 18753: 17366: 16998: 16553: 15517:Tallest buildings and structures 14931: 14425: 14376:Commission for Energy Regulation 14362: 14336: 14306: 14276: 14250: 14224: 14194: 14162: 14148:Buildings of Ireland Survey Data 14136: 14105: 14044: 14028:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 14014: 13998:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 13984: 13969:from the original on 22 May 2020 13952: 13937:from the original on 22 May 2020 13907: 13881: 13855: 13722: 13617: 13562: 13531: 13506: 13475: 13444: 13413: 13382: 13333: 13318: 13256: 13230: 13199: 13173: 13143: 13109: 13083: 13071:from the original on 29 May 2014 13053: 13023: 12997: 12964: 12934: 12898: 12860: 12834: 12808: 12742: 12716: 12685: 12659: 12627: 12567: 12465: 12435: 12405: 12379: 12331:from the original on 11 May 2012 12312: 12240: 12214: 12202:from the original on 29 May 2014 12182: 12143: 12118: 12093: 12080: 12059: 12051:Higgins Wyndham, Andrew (2006). 12044: 12018: 11939: 11909: 11884: 11846: 11749:McKinney, Seamus (16 May 2020). 11742: 11721: 11658: 11634:Henry, McDonald (5 April 2009). 11595: 11523: 11487: 11454: 11445: 11394: 11304: 11286:Gazetteer of British Place Names 11274: 11249: 11222: 11138: 11108: 11042: 11016: 10955: 10932: 10900:Forestry in the EU and the world 10891: 10859: 10826: 10750: 10691: 10679:from the original on 2 June 2007 10587: 10516:. Geological Survey of Ireland. 10501: 10471: 10452:. Geological Survey of Ireland. 10435: 10405: 10379: 10364: 10234: 10204: 10169: 10152: 10108: 10078: 10052: 10019: 9993: 9963: 9933: 9921:from the original on 31 May 2011 9907: 9865: 9859:Conflict Archive on the Internet 9849:from the original on 14 May 2011 9768: 9735: 9722: 9461:"The Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921" 8434:How the Irish Saved Civilization 8383:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 8009:Waddell, John (September 1992). 7812:from the original on 9 July 2012 7565:from the original on 7 July 2017 7556: 7176:from the original on 3 July 2017 7053:from the original on 31 May 2023 6981:"Belfast Metropolitan Area Plan" 6710:wind farms have been constructed 6075:prohibition in the United States 5850:became the first Irishman since 4112:local government reforms of 1840 3984: 3968: 3953: 3952: 3937: 3936: 3929: 3582:Demographics of Northern Ireland 2957:" step-out development from the 2881:rocks, with similarities to the 2659:as their court of final appeal. 2496:, the official residence of the 2259:Industrial Development Authority 1937:immigration to the United States 1890:united parliament at Westminster 1757:architectural legacy of Georgian 1566: 1559:, was published in 1216 and the 1412:On 1 May 1169, an expedition of 1374:Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland 1266:Fall of the Western Roman Empire 491: 14461: 14182:from the original on 7 May 2023 13206:McDaid, Brendan (9 June 2004). 12280:"Ireland's Scientific Heritage" 10757:Dan Griffin (2 November 2015). 9709: 9667: 9642: 9586: 9550:Connolly, Kevin (1 June 2004). 9543: 9508: 9483: 9394: 9368:Quinn, Eamon (19 August 2007). 9361: 9335:Vallely, Paul (25 April 2006). 9328: 9298: 9268: 9253: 9238: 9213: 9174: 9144: 9022: 8996: 8970: 8903: 8873: 8838: 8802: 8777: 8752: 8718: 8693: 8644:Previté-Orton, Charles (1975). 8637: 8604: 8574: 8538: 8509: 8477: 8393: 8377:Moran, Patrick Francis (1913). 8370: 8342: 8313: 8274: 8241: 8229:from the original on 1 May 2023 8190: 8169: 8163:Ireland and the Classical World 8154: 8121:Ireland and the classical world 8111: 8086: 8080: 8029: 8002: 7975: 7966: 7957: 7945: 7918: 7903: 7869: 7733: 7678:Landscapes of Neolithic Ireland 7669: 7653:. Lithics Ireland Consultancy. 7638: 7607: 7550: 7387: 7347: 7317: 7289: 7065: 6739: 6475:Tourist destinations in Ireland 6274:Northern Ireland Sales/Exports 6013:, a type of potato pancake, or 5921:and off the County Cork coast. 5774: 5621:(reaching the quarter-finals), 5601:(reaching the quarter-finals), 5580:reaching for the ball during a 5552:Football Association of Ireland 5468: 5347:in 1999 and a record composite 4114:). In the Republic of Ireland, 3985: 3567: 2669:North/South Ministerial Council 2465:left the European Union in 2020 2455:and as a consequence, there is 2163: 1684:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland 1336:From the 9th century, waves of 1303:a tradition of Irish missionary 1151:, Ptolemy refers to Ireland as 1039:, close to Gleninchaquin Park, 900:communities around the island. 631:population of the entire island 19388:Northern Ireland Sign Language 15353:Post-2008 Irish banking crisis 14903:The Rough Guide to Irish Music 13540:"Whiskey Resists the Downturn" 12443:"Global Innovation Index 2019" 12419:. Science Foundation Ireland. 12389:. BBC News. 19 February 2015. 11822:"Schism fears for Gaeilgeoirí" 11697:"Schism fears for Gaeilgeoirí" 11461:Kliff, Sarah (17 March 2013). 10603:. 17 July 2000. Archived from 8490:Early Christian Art in Ireland 7035: 7009: 6973: 6959: 6900: 6864: 6730: 5652:and a single association, the 5162:are internationally renowned. 4579:Northern Ireland Sign Language 4569:, the language of the nomadic 4479:from the 6th to 10th century, 4133:Cities and towns by population 3969: 3694:. Smaller groups included the 2959:North Sea hydrocarbon province 2849:The island consists of varied 2371:, emerged from a split in the 2298:Government of Ireland Act 1920 1926:by Henry Willard French (1891) 1596:, and under the provisions of 1378:History of Ireland (1169–1536) 848:, referring to flowing water. 736:. This subsided following the 214:7,527 km (4677.1 mi) 1: 18722:Celtic place names in Galicia 18352: 15415: 14819:Oppenheimer, Stephen (2006). 14747:Prehistoric and Early Ireland 14178:. Archiseek.ie. 10 May 2009. 13488:. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 13389:Albertson, Elizabeth (2009). 12319:Waller, Professor I. (1951). 12250:Working and Living in Ireland 12156:. London: Thames and Hudson. 11576:The Christian Science Monitor 10734:. Met Éireann. Archived from 10242:"Ireland Facts, Ireland Flag" 8270:– via Informaworld.com. 6771: 6736:Including surrounding islands 5890: 5222:Father Nicholas Joseph Callan 4734: 4689: 2690:the North/South Language Body 2503:The Republic of Ireland is a 2278:remaining above 14% in 2012. 2077:Irish republicanism increased 1099:History of Ireland (800–1169) 18154: 16659:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups 16418:Northern Ireland flags issue 15594: 15369:List of conflicts in Ireland 15113:Southern Ireland (1921–1922) 14472:Irish Art: A Concise History 14112:National Monuments Service. 13302:The Oxford Companion to Food 13183:. RTÉ News. 11 August 2008. 13091:"2006 Ryder Cup Team Europe" 12842:"Six Nations roll of honour" 12605:"Soccer in Northern Ireland" 12067:Prehistoric Music in Ireland 10540:"Ireland: North West Europe" 10508:Karst Working Group (2000). 10443:"Bedrock Geology of Ireland" 10003:. BBC News. 8 October 1999. 9789:. October 2012. p. 36. 9033:. Belfast: White Row Press. 7982:Waddell, John (April 1995). 7547:" Accessed 15 February 2013. 7501:10.1016/j.margeo.2006.04.002 7314:. Retrieved 25 November 2017 6624:Northern Ireland Electricity 6534:in the Republic of Ireland. 6157:), is also a popular drink. 5343:and discovered a 2000-digit 4440: 4409: 3261:Trees of Britain and Ireland 2733:Physical features of Ireland 2718: 2117: 2094:, and in 1919 proclaimed an 1759:Ireland was built. In 1782, 1396:Remains of the 12th-century 1368:Norman and English invasions 1235:records that in 431, Bishop 808: 696:. In the 1690s, a system of 7: 17646:Welsh literature in English 17586: 17012: 16738:Modern Celtic ethnic groups 16649: 15804: 15389:Gaelic clothing and fashion 15021: 14857:Medieval Academy of America 14543:Manchester University Press 14371:Gas Capacity Statement 2007 14065:. Retrieved 9 December 2017 13340:Garrow, John (March 2002). 12971:FGS Consulting (May 2009). 11978:. Oxford University Press. 11972:McArthur, Tom, ed. (1992). 9833:Manchester University Press 9593:Carroll, Joseph T. (2002). 9581:Journal of Military History 6747:Giovanni Battista Rinuccini 6665:to refine the gas onshore. 6459:disrupted Irish agriculture 6410:Economic history of Ireland 6197:and boost competitiveness. 6175:Economy of Northern Ireland 5895:The west coast of Ireland, 5515:Gaelic Athletic Association 5402:List of Irish sports people 4595:Culture of Northern Ireland 4565:Also native to Ireland are 4543:in Waterford and in Meath. 4038:six are in Northern Ireland 2678:Food Safety Promotion Board 2430: 2292:Economy of Northern Ireland 2288:History of Northern Ireland 2081:Conscription Crisis of 1918 1998:to be in conflict with the 1822:Battle of Ballymore-Eustace 1475:, issued by an Englishman, 989:Emergence of Celtic Ireland 954:were the principal crops. 903:Some time before 4,000 BC, 742:European Economic Community 222:1,041 m (3415 ft) 10: 19524: 17666:Scottish Gaelic literature 17046:Brigantia (ancient region) 14947:Northern Ireland Executive 14937:Wikimedia Atlas of Ireland 14022:"Ireland: Tentative Lists" 13358:10.1177/014107680209500320 10216:Ordnance Survey of Ireland 10129:(UNDP). 2015. p. 47. 10062:. BBC News. 27 June 2012. 9829:Contemporary Irish Studies 9683:(OECD). 2009. p. 67. 8980:. BBC News. Archived from 8952:O'Callaghan, Sean (2000). 8851:Journal of Liberal History 8704:. Routledge. p. 106. 8522:Cambridge University Press 8199:"Tacitus, Agricola, C. 24" 7536:Edwards, Robin & al. " 7447:National Museum of Ireland 6849:10.1016/j.imic.2012.11.005 6614: 6530:, which are maintained as 6472: 6468: 6407: 6379:Cost of living (1 person) 6178: 6168: 6164: 6123:Foynes flying-boat station 5977:For this reason, pork and 5955: 5883:'s latest victory was the 5778: 5750:won a silver medal in the 5731: 5654:Irish Rugby Football Union 5539:Irish Football Association 5472: 5420:All-Ireland Football Final 5414:at 23%, soccer at 16% and 5399: 5393: 5380:Open University in Ireland 5257:Sir John Douglas Cockcroft 5165: 5119: 5069: 4919: 4832:Nobel Prize for Literature 4823:. The playwright and poet 4721:(seventeenth century) and 4693: 4588: 4584: 4444: 4402: 4182: 4138: 3912: 3571: 3558:Common Agricultural Policy 3250: 3238: 3228: 3039: 2972: 2968: 2831: 2827: 2737:Ireland is located in the 2722: 2646:Northern Ireland Secretary 2595: 2478: 2320:Solemn League and Covenant 2285: 2167: 2121: 2060:), Dublin, after the 1916 1861: 1803:Society of United Irishmen 1771: 1672:Wars of the Three Kingdoms 1639:was re-created in 1542 by 1611: 1385: 1371: 1096: 866: 855: 851: 843: 330:82.2/km (212.9/sq mi) 18: 19405: 19370: 19332: 19294: 19271: 19264: 19257: 19205: 19147: 19131: 19116: 19059: 18984: 18977: 18937: 18909: 18866: 18859: 18804: 18744: 18687: 18681: 18676: 18614: 18585: 18568: 18531: 18453: 18444: 18416: 18388: 18360: 18347: 18300: 18265: 18239: 18160: 18149: 18036: 18013:Hebridean Celtic Festival 17950: 17852: 17831: 17800: 17715: 17674: 17641:Welsh-language literature 17596: 17592: 17581: 17543: 17457: 17374: 17361: 17231: 17190: 17124: 17020: 17007: 16996: 16833: 16802: 16736: 16657: 16644: 16611: 16549: 16448: 16386: 16323: 16263: 16176: 16124: 16079: 16046: 15991: 15956: 15906: 15825: 15816: 15812: 15799: 15734: 15637: 15606: 15602: 15589: 15499: 15427: 15423: 15410: 15361: 15149: 15033: 15029: 15016: 14992: 14674:Modern Ireland, 1600–1972 14627:Ellis, Steven G. (1921). 13624:Davenport, Fionn (2010). 13482:McCormack, W. J. (2001). 13420:Davenport, Fionn (2008). 13208:"Shipwrecks ahoy in area" 13125:arts-sport-tourism.gov.ie 12818:. BBC News. 20 May 2006. 12472:WIPO (12 December 2023). 12247:Houston, Eugenie (2001). 12224:. Fodor's. Archived from 12002:. BBC News. 23 May 2009. 11891:Spolsky, Bernard (2004). 11427:The Sydney Morning Herald 11346:Central Statistics Office 11316:Discover Northern Ireland 10804:"Land cover and land use" 10160:"2024 Global Peace Index" 9787:Central Statistics Office 9276:"The Irish Potato Famine" 8921:. Penguin Books. p. 8702:An Atlas of Irish History 8516:Bartlett, Thomas (2010). 8300:, "Ireland, 400–800", in 8267:10.1080/00750770801909375 8237:– via uchicago.edu. 8126:University of Texas Press 7985:Ireland in the Bronze Age 7394:Ní Mhurchú, Síle (2017). 7355:"2024 Global Peace Index" 7110:UN System-Wide Earthwatch 7047:Central Statistics Office 6763:Belfast metropolitan area 6610: 6425:multiple failed uprisings 6373: 6370: 6368: 6355:Cost of living comparison 6324: 6321: 6319: 6283: 6280: 6278: 5727: 5641:and, to a lesser extent, 5389: 5376:University College Dublin 5297:Bell-Jackiw-Adler anomaly 5034:the work of artists like 5011: 4897: 4889: 4815:, and (in collaboration) 4805:Richard Brinsley Sheridan 4774: 4766: 4758: 4750: 4727: 4715: 4707: 4472:languages, respectively. 4131: 3909:Divisions and settlements 3277:) in Gubbeen, County Cork 3158: 3088: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3071: 3068: 3065: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3040:Climate data for Ireland 2896:In the southwest, around 2861:affinity, similar to the 2615:Northern Ireland Assembly 2565:. Its capital is Dublin. 2561: 2553: 2537: 2529: 2451:and both are part of the 2404:Northern Ireland Assembly 1653:Tudor conquest of Ireland 1388:Bruce campaign in Ireland 1382:Tudor conquest of Ireland 1201:Medieval Irish literature 446: 423: 418: 373: 334: 326: 316: 312:7,185,600 (2023 estimate) 308: 300: 295: 284: 272: 263: 252: 241: 236: 226: 218: 210: 200: 192: 182: 172: 135: 127: 122: 97: 82: 41: 19230:Kingdom of Great Britain 18446:Ancient Celtic languages 14711:30 November 2018 at the 14057:10 December 2017 at the 13264:"Sea Fishing in Ireland" 12816:"Munster 23–19 Biarritz" 12724:"FAI History: 1921–1930" 12609:Culture Northern Ireland 12090:28.2 (May 2000), p. 193. 12000:"Tionchar na gCeilteach" 11260:. Irish Academic Press. 11206:. London. Archived from 11026:. Clare County Council. 10808:Environmental Assessment 10732:"Irish Weather Extremes" 10387:"Landscape of the River" 10373:Encyclopaedia of Ireland 9345:. London. Archived from 9181:Ó Gráda, Cormac (1994). 8203:Journal of Roman Studies 8161:Freeman, Philip (2001). 8118:Freeman, Philip (2001). 8089:"Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA)" 8018:. Emania. Archived from 7910:Cunliffe, Barry (2008). 7676:Cooney, Gabriel (2000). 7276:16 February 2019 at the 6723: 6663:a controversial decision 6643:Gormanston, County Meath 6067:Old Bushmills Distillery 5714:Six Nations Championship 5648:Ireland fields a single 5359:as one of his students. 5321:Francis Ysidro Edgeworth 5212:19th-century physicist, 5183:Johannes Scotus Eriugena 4729:Eibhlín Dubh Ní Chonaill 4709:Gofraidh Fionn Ó Dálaigh 3517:, are grown in Ireland. 2527:parliament, composed of 2515:and a popularly elected 2182:Annotated page from the 2112:three-year guerrilla war 2092:general election of 1918 1878:Kingdom of Great Britain 1858:Union with Great Britain 1788:William Hamilton Maxwell 1629:Ghent University Library 1541:Great Charter of Ireland 1297:by the Irish monk Saint 1279:showing Christ enthroned 1232:The Chronicle of Ireland 1157:and to Great Britain as 712:in 1801, Ireland became 704:majority and Protestant 646:several navigable rivers 29:Ireland (disambiguation) 18717:Gaulish words in French 18702:Celtic words in English 16956:Scottish New Zealanders 16846:Anglo-Celtic Australian 16510:Prostitution (Republic) 14752:Oxford University Press 13804:. European Commission. 13515:Strategy and Leadership 12915:Raidió Teilifís Éireann 12878:Raidió Teilifís Éireann 12375:(subscription required) 12291:University College Cork 12190:"Stair na Taibhdheirce" 11256:Crawford, John (1993). 11116:"Climate Change Causes" 11092:. European Commission. 10950:Tree Council of Ireland 10371:Meally, Victor (1968). 10346:Ordnance Survey Ireland 9873:Northern Ireland Office 9649:Schmied, Doris (2005). 9245:Jacobsen, John (1994). 9029:Dickson, David (1997). 8956:. Brandon. p. 85. 8784:Bolton, Brenda (2003). 8675:Curtis, Edmund (2002). 8550:"Vikings & Ireland" 7776:Oxford University Press 6634:has started building a 6390:Average wage after tax 5928:, Ireland is a popular 5808:in the County Kildare. 5781:Horse racing in Ireland 5764:2010 Commonwealth Games 5752:Barcelona Olympic Games 5483:Rugby league in Ireland 5384:Global Innovation Index 5279:George Johnstone Stoney 5187:Ernest Henry Shackleton 5177:formulated Boyle's Law. 5082:illuminated manuscripts 5076:Architecture of Ireland 4673: 4666:Since the 20th century 4646:traditional Irish music 4618:and aspects of broader 4070:Ordnance Survey Ireland 4034:32 traditional counties 3548:harvesting in Clonard, 3468:Killarney National Park 3338:Killarney National Park 2939:Hydrocarbon exploration 2663:All-island institutions 2574:Human Development Index 2505:parliamentary democracy 2203:political circumstances 2144:were required to swear 2007:Charles Stewart Parnell 1898:Irish Rebellion of 1803 1774:Irish Rebellion of 1798 1285:manuscript illumination 1247:, Ireland's best known 996:Indo-European languages 758:. Alongside mainstream 726:partition of the island 698:Protestant English rule 625:, which is part of the 581:. It is separated from 564: 63: 17651:Early Irish literature 17532: 17520: 17508: 17496: 17484: 17472: 16936:Scotch-Irish Canadians 16931:Scotch-Irish Americans 15379:List of Irish kingdoms 14782: 14718:Herm, Gerhard (2002). 14668:Foster, Robert Fitzroy 14605:Irish Government Today 14469:Arnold, Bruce (1977). 14144:"Ashford Castle, Cong" 12914: 12876: 12293:, Faculty of Science. 12194: 12125:Geraghty, Des (1994). 11862: 11533:A Sociology of Ireland 11407:18 August 2016 at the 11177: 11156: 10671: 10635: 10303:"Guardian Style Guide" 10146:Jewish Virtual Library 9974: 9970:Taylor, Peter (1997). 9944: 9940:Taylor, Peter (1997). 9749:Bloomberg BusinessWeek 9126:Ward, Alan J. (1994). 9072:The Great Irish Famine 9066: 9060: 8911:Foster, Robert Fitzroy 8726: 8400:De Paor, Liam (1993). 8302: 8294: 7925:Burton, Holly (1979). 7308: 6933:10.1006/ecss.1999.0507 6790:"Geography of Ireland" 6677: 6485: 6444:Plantations of Ireland 6097:, but not as sweet as 6070: 5970: 5885:2011 Open Championship 5804: 5589: 5531:Lansdowne Road stadium 5510: 5479:Rugby union in Ireland 5372:Trinity College Dublin 5309:William Rowan Hamilton 5291:was the originator of 5271:, is named after. Sir 5263:. William Thomson, or 5253:Nobel Prize in Physics 5178: 5142:. Playwrights such as 5132: 5065: 4961:St Patrick's Cathedral 4943:) and sleeping music ( 4912: 4874: 4821:Violet Florence Martin 4725:(eighteenth century). 4713:(fourteenth century), 4686: 4682:Illuminated page from 4607: 4535: 4529: 4521: 4510: 4456: 4100:Primate of All Ireland 3923:City status in Ireland 3838: 3830: 3822: 3814: 3806: 3798: 3790: 3782: 3774: 3766: 3758: 3750: 3742: 3734: 3726: 3718: 3710: 3702: 3696: 3688: 3680: 3672: 3664: 3656: 3648: 3640: 3632: 3624: 3616: 3608: 3600: 3592: 3552: 3484: 3340: 3278: 3231: 2943:Kinsale Head gas field 2846: 2801: 2734: 2617: 2500: 2490: 2440: 2413:independent commission 2327: 2199:Statute of Westminster 2194: 2128:In December 1921, the 2100: 2064: 2056:Sackville Street (now 2000:Act of Settlement 1701 1927: 1832:Battle of Vinegar Hill 1794: 1741: 1668:Plantations of Ireland 1632: 1608:The Kingdom of Ireland 1502: 1409: 1280: 1141:("Great Britain"). In 1116: 1043: 1026:The Uragh Stone Circle 928: 819: 573:) is an island in the 540: 419:Additional information 219:Highest elevation 47: 27:. For other uses, see 19508:International islands 19378:British Sign Language 19223:Principality of Wales 19067:Bailiwick of Guernsey 18950:British–Irish Council 18938:Political cooperation 18919:Bailiwick of Guernsey 18278:Scottish independence 18023:Celtic Media Festival 17906:National music scenes 17132:Proto-Celtic religion 16834:Related ethnic groups 16486:Mass media (Republic) 16430:National coat of arms 15318:IRA Northern Campaign 14942:Government of Ireland 14663:43.1 (2008): 179–204. 13992:"World Heritage List" 12918:. 18 September 2010. 12786:"Champions of Europe" 11755:Northern Ireland News 11411:". Statistics Canada. 10278:Open Geography Portal 9156:WorldTimelines.org.uk 8586:Rootsweb.ancestry.com 8386:Catholic Encyclopedia 8380:"St. Palladius" 8176:O'Hart, John (1892). 7770:Reich, David (2018). 7680:. London: Routledge. 7543:19 March 2014 at the 7443:"Prehistoric Details" 7329:www.niassembly.gov.uk 7302:16 April 2018 at the 6794:Government of Ireland 6671: 6223:Republic of Ireland: 6217:Republic of Ireland: 6211:Republic of Ireland: 6079:Anglo-Irish Trade War 6064: 5965: 5796: 5746:won a gold medal and 5666:1999 Rugby World Cups 5611:European Championship 5576: 5498: 5323:'s contribution, the 5315:and the invention of 5311:, famous for work in 5251:, winner of the 1951 5240:in the 19th century. 5173: 5009:and individuals like 4907: 4696:Literature of Ireland 4681: 4602: 4560:Ulster Scots dialects 4454: 4403:Further information: 3913:Further information: 3589: 3544: 3537:Impact of agriculture 3476: 3328: 3268: 3031:the winter of 2010–11 2902:MacGillycuddy's Reeks 2900:and the mountains of 2841: 2732: 2605: 2488: 2438: 2392:Good Friday Agreement 2388:Sunningdale Agreement 2373:Irish Republican Army 2341:Ulster Unionist Party 2337:"first-past-the-post" 2314: 2214:The state was neutral 2186:that established the 2181: 2142:Free State Parliament 2108:Irish Republican Army 2055: 1996:Catholic Emancipation 1917: 1909:Industrial Revolution 1811:Irish Republic (1798) 1781: 1733: 1725:Protestant Ascendancy 1621: 1602:English Privy Council 1563:was founded in 1297. 1561:Parliament of Ireland 1497: 1395: 1274: 1133:refers to Ireland as 1106: 1024: 738:Good Friday Agreement 682:Anglo-Norman invasion 637:after Great Britain. 599:second-largest island 448: • Summer ( 18997:Islands of the Clyde 18602:(Medieval Welsh law) 18212:Scottish nationalism 17862:Ancient Celtic music 17177:Romano-Celtic temple 16986:Welsh New Zealanders 16911:Irish New Zealanders 16408:County coats of arms 16300:List of Irish people 15374:List of Irish tribes 15224:Cromwellian conquest 15210:Plantation of Ulster 15141:Ireland (since 1922) 14872:Blackwell Publishing 14538:Irish Politics Today 14406:. Dual Citizen LLC. 14175:Sunday Business Post 14083:"Tourism Facts 2006" 13238:"Fishing in Ireland" 13061:"Golfing in Ireland" 12127:Luke Kelly: A Memoir 12053:Re-imagining Ireland 12032:on 16 September 2014 12026:"What is Bloomsday?" 11864:Údarás na Gaeltachta 11736:8 March 2021 at the 11672:. 21 February 2011. 11012:(Publication No. 8). 10997:(Publication No. 8). 10944:9 April 2022 at the 10814:on 16 September 2008 10627:"Climate of Ireland" 10450:Geology for Everyone 10417:Geology for Everyone 10413:"Geology of Ireland" 10212:"Area and Land Mass" 9972:Provos: The IRA and 9942:Provos: The IRA and 9823:Whyte, John (1983). 9490:Kee, Robert (1972). 9429:Kee, Robert (1972). 9401:Kee, Robert (1972). 9260:Mokyr, Joel (1983). 8546:Ó Corráin, Donnchadh 8432:Cahill, Tim (1996). 7954:, by Dáithí Ó hÓgáin 7952:The Celts: A History 7248:4 March 2020 at the 7117:. 18 February 1998. 6881:. Heritage Council. 6657:, County Antrim and 6549:in County Kerry and 6481:World Heritage Sites 6374:Republic of Ireland 6325:Republic of Ireland 6284:Republic of Ireland 6240:GDP (2018): €127 bn 6237:GDP (2018): €175 bn 6213:Northern and Western 5825:2000 Sydney Olympics 5785:Athletics in Ireland 5724:, in 2009 and 2018. 5339:was a specialist in 5301:Jocelyn Bell Burnell 5281:introduced the term 5243:Other notable Irish 4895:and others from the 4862:Modernist literature 4840:William Butler Yeats 4447:Languages of Ireland 4124:Local Government Act 4006:Provinces of Ireland 4002:class=notpageimage| 3915:Provinces of Ireland 3089:Record high °C (°F) 2851:geological provinces 2783:can be controversial 2741:, between latitudes 2739:north-west of Europe 2725:Geography of Ireland 2607:Parliament Buildings 2513:written constitution 2498:President of Ireland 2124:Partition of Ireland 1976:Catholic Relief Bill 1842:Battle of Prosperous 1694:. Physician-general 1688:indentured servitude 1585:Statutes of Kilkenny 1445:Tighearnán Ua Ruairc 1197:High King of Ireland 780:association football 670:High King of Ireland 642:geography of Ireland 579:north-western Europe 575:North Atlantic Ocean 157:53.44944°N 7.50306°W 19383:Irish Sign Language 19240:Kingdom of Scotland 19077:Bailiwick of Jersey 19060:Lists of islands of 18292:Irish republicanism 18273:Breton independence 18252:Scottish devolution 18185:Cornish nationalism 18008:Pan Celtic Festival 17882:Scottish folk music 17636:Scottish literature 17157:Celtic Christianity 16961:Scottish Travellers 16946:Scottish Argentines 16790:Scottish Travellers 16523:in Northern Ireland 16514:in Northern Ireland 16255:Legendary creatures 16168:Traditional singing 16004:Saint Patrick's Day 15639:Republic of Ireland 15568:Tourist attractions 15553:ROI–UK border 15538:of Northern Ireland 15491:in Northern Ireland 15323:IRA Border Campaign 15298:War of Independence 15268:Second Great Famine 15253:Act of Union (1800) 15205:Flight of the Earls 15062:Lordship of Ireland 14997:Republic of Ireland 14477:Thames & Hudson 14238:on 30 November 2010 14208:. 5 November 2012. 14124:on 20 February 2010 13392:Ireland for Dummies 13097:on 19 November 2008 13067:. Tourism Ireland. 12698:The Washington Post 12647:on 4 September 2015 12484:10.34667/tind.46596 11927:on 27 February 2009 11504:The Washington Post 11497:(24 October 2007). 11468:The Washington Post 11148:(8 November 2006). 11050:"Otter Lutra Lutra" 10738:on 16 December 2016 10489:on 12 December 2007 10247:National Geographic 10222:on 10 November 2012 10096:on 19 November 2011 9162:on 26 December 2010 8954:To Hell or Barbados 8845:Pack, Mark (2001). 8408:. pp. 78, 79. 8197:Bury, J.B. (1922). 7831:Koch, John (2009). 7645:Driscoll, Killian. 7493:2006MGeol.232....1K 6925:1999ECSS...49..501N 6840:2012JMICu...1...91R 6800:on 24 November 2009 6539:Guinness Storehouse 6483:on the island: the 6365: 6316: 6275: 6257:£27,154 per person 6254:€77,794 per person 6251:€74,824 per person 6248:€24,926 per person 6243:GDP (2021): £52 bn 6234:GDP (2018): €22 bn 6219:Eastern and Midland 5854:in 1947 to win the 5846:in County Kildare. 5821:World Championships 5650:national rugby team 5459:Republic of Ireland 5313:classical mechanics 5203:gentleman scientist 5195:South Magnetic Pole 4939:), laughing music ( 4872:, whose 1949 novel 4836:George Bernard Shaw 4760:Máire Mhac an tSaoi 4575:Irish Sign Language 4102:and was re-granted 4089:Greater Dublin Area 3919:Counties of Ireland 3523:Circumboreal Region 3519:Phytogeographically 3159:Record low °C (°F) 2923:has well-developed 2787:Britain and Ireland 2481:Republic of Ireland 2475:Republic of Ireland 2459:across the border. 2233:German intelligence 2208:Republic of Ireland 2043:National Volunteers 1968:as a Roman Catholic 1924:Our Boys in Ireland 1918:A depiction of the 1852:Battle of Castlebar 1813:in the province on 1661:Flight of the Earls 1523:Lordship of Ireland 1430:Dermot Mac Murrough 1307:Celtic Christianity 1145:in his later work, 1008:Atlantic Bronze Age 875:last glacial period 869:Prehistoric Ireland 863:Prehistoric Ireland 838:Proto-Indo-European 722:war of independence 615:Republic of Ireland 609:in Europe, and the 595:St George's Channel 585:to its east by the 468:British Summer Time 463:Irish Standard Time 433:Greenwich Mean Time 245:Republic of Ireland 153: / 131:Northwestern Europe 38: 21:Republic of Ireland 19235:Kingdom of Ireland 19218:Kingdom of England 18965:Common Travel Area 18911:Crown Dependencies 18283:Welsh independence 18247:Cornish devolution 18168:Breton nationalism 18018:Celtic Connections 17621:Cornish literature 16966:Ulster Protestants 16951:Scottish Canadians 16941:Scottish Americans 16851:Anglo-Irish people 16560:Ireland portal 15878:Skirts and kidneys 15384:List of High Kings 15303:Anglo-Irish Treaty 15243:First Great Famine 15228:Settlement of 1652 15200:Tyrone's Rebellion 15190:Desmond Rebellions 15079:Kingdom of Ireland 14827:Carroll & Graf 14724:St. Martin's Press 14264:on 28 January 2011 14206:Coventry Telegraph 14118:National Monuments 14114:"Search by County" 14093:on 12 January 2012 13915:Kinealy, Christine 13742:on 28 October 2008 13037:. 16 August 2009. 12882:. 28 August 2008. 12844:. BBC News. 2014. 11670:UniversityTimes.ie 11066:on 5 February 2011 10964:"Spartina Anglica" 10875:. 30 August 2012. 10847:on 29 January 2017 10607:on 19 January 2012 10090:The World Factbook 9756:on 8 February 2015 9730:Luck and the Irish 9375:The New York Times 9310:wesleyjohnston.com 8518:Ireland: A History 7740:Heritage Ireland. 7297:Climate of Ireland 7214:. pp. 3, 63. 6879:heritagecouncil.ie 6678: 6672:Turf-cutting near 6543:Lakes of Killarney 6532:national monuments 6363: 6314: 6273: 6201:Regional economics 6195:economies of scale 6071: 5971: 5848:Pádraig Harrington 5829:Gillian O'Sullivan 5823:and silver at the 5805: 5590: 5511: 5353:John Lighton Synge 5179: 4949:string instruments 4913: 4790:Gulliver's Travels 4687: 4608: 4591:Culture of Ireland 4547:English in Ireland 4457: 4118:, the seat of the 3593: 3553: 3485: 3341: 3279: 2975:Climate of Ireland 2863:Scottish Highlands 2847: 2834:Geology of Ireland 2735: 2618: 2586:Global Peace Index 2509:Westminster system 2501: 2492:Áras an Uachtaráin 2453:Common Travel Area 2441: 2328: 2195: 2184:Anglo-Irish Treaty 2130:Anglo-Irish Treaty 2110:(IRA), launched a 2073:Irish Citizen Army 2065: 1972:Duke of Wellington 1928: 1874:Kingdom of Ireland 1795: 1742: 1633: 1614:Kingdom of Ireland 1503: 1410: 1281: 1143:his map of Ireland 1117: 1057:Lebor Gabála Érenn 1044: 910:introduced cereal 879:relative sea level 858:History of Ireland 803:Global Peace Index 678:Battle of Clontarf 629:. As of 2022, the 227:Highest point 177:British Isles 162:53.44944; -7.50306 109: (dark green) 36: 19480: 19479: 19476: 19475: 19401: 19400: 19253: 19252: 19112: 19111: 18973: 18972: 18764: 18763: 18740: 18739: 18672: 18671: 18564: 18563: 18560: 18559: 18523:Cisalpine Gaulish 18343: 18342: 18229:national identity 18224:Welsh nationalism 18217:national identity 18197:Irish nationalism 18145: 18144: 18141: 18140: 18078:Cornish wrestling 17946: 17945: 17867:Breton Folk music 17832:Regional cultures 17675:National cultures 17661:Gaelic literature 17616:Breton literature 17577: 17576: 17573: 17572: 17569: 17568: 17357: 17356: 17269:Chief of the Name 17137:Celtic polytheism 17054:Sub-Roman Britain 16994: 16993: 16881:Irish Australians 16861:Cornish Americans 16820:Scottish diaspora 16567: 16566: 16545: 16544: 16541: 16540: 15952: 15951: 15843:Bacon and cabbage 15795: 15794: 15791: 15790: 15662:Foreign relations 15585: 15584: 15581: 15580: 15512:Notable buildings 15406: 15405: 15402: 15401: 14916:978-1-85828-642-6 14881:978-0-632-03656-1 14840:978-0-7867-1890-0 14799:978-0-7190-4584-4 14786:, Cormac (1997). 14761:978-0-19-821737-4 14742:O'Croinin, Daibhi 14733:978-0-312-31343-2 14693:978-0-7139-9010-2 14640:978-0-517-06408-5 14619:978-0-7171-1703-1 14594:978-1-898473-09-1 14552:978-0-7190-6174-5 14520:978-3-7913-1719-9 14490:978-0-500-20148-0 14258:"Interconnection" 13930:978-0-415-15527-4 13706:. 25 April 2023. 13637:978-1-74179-998-9 13580:978-1-57607-833-4 13550:on 3 January 2016 13499:978-0-631-16525-5 13468:978-1-74104-710-3 13437:978-1-74104-696-0 13406:978-0-470-10572-6 13311:978-0-19-280681-9 13212:Belfast Telegraph 12948:. 8 August 2021. 12796:on 6 October 2014 12264:978-0-9536896-8-2 12228:on 2 October 2014 12163:978-0-500-27371-5 12136:978-1-85594-090-1 12113:978-1-906359-78-2 11985:978-0-19-214183-5 11902:978-0-521-01175-4 11543:978-0-7171-3501-1 11372:"Settlement 2015" 11267:978-0-7165-2498-4 11233:. Irish Central. 11154:. Vol. 185. 10914:978-92-79-19988-2 10705:Irish Independent 10580:978-1-4237-1163-6 10179:Across the waters 9986:978-0-7475-3392-4 9956:978-0-7475-3392-4 9690:978-92-64-04449-4 9660:978-0-7546-4101-8 9635:978-1-872002-87-3 9604:978-1-57309-185-5 9501:978-0-297-17987-0 9440:978-0-297-17987-0 9412:978-0-297-17987-0 9231:978-1-85628-362-5 9194:978-0-19-820598-2 9137:978-0-8132-0784-1 9109:978-0-19-822751-9 9081:978-0-521-55266-0 9040:978-1-870132-85-5 8963:978-0-86322-287-0 8932:978-0-14-013250-2 8795:978-0-7546-0708-3 8770:978-90-04-15724-8 8740:cite encyclopedia 8711:978-0-415-33952-0 8686:978-0-415-27949-9 8661:978-0-521-09977-6 8531:978-0-521-19720-5 8470:978-0-8028-3450-8 8443:978-0-385-41849-2 8415:978-1-85182-144-0 8406:Four Courts Press 8350:Ginnell, Laurence 8330:cite encyclopedia 8135:978-0-292-72518-8 8124:. Austin, Texas: 7998:on 19 March 2015. 7889:978-1-84217-529-3 7785:978-0-19-882125-0 7687:978-0-415-16977-6 7651:LithicsIreland.ie 7591:. 21 March 2016. 7409:978-1-118-39698-8 7105:"Islands by Area" 6617:Energy in Ireland 6400: 6399: 6371:Northern Ireland 6351: 6350: 6310: 6309: 6261: 6260: 6007:bacon and cabbage 5989:) was common and 5813:Athletics Ireland 5734:Boxing in Ireland 5543:Cliftonville F.C. 5361:Kathleen Lonsdale 5329:Richard Cantillon 5289:John Stewart Bell 5216:, discovered the 5116:Drama and theatre 5086:John Butler Yeats 4986:traditional music 4891:Máirtín Ó Direáin 4870:Máirtín Ó Cadhain 4796:A Modest Proposal 4776:Cló Iar-Chonnacht 4752:Máirtín Ó Cadhain 4723:Aogán Ó Rathaille 4717:Dáibhí Ó Bruadair 4702:vernacular poetry 4604:Ardboe High Cross 4401: 4400: 4331:Greater Craigavon 4180:population 4175:population 4170:Population 3891:Church of Ireland 3880:Roman Catholicism 3873:Famine of 1740–41 3291:55 mammal species 3243: 3242: 2873:is a province of 2749:, and longitudes 2682:InterTradeIreland 2674:Waterways Ireland 2653:England and Wales 2543:(the Seanad), an 2425:Martin McGuinness 2361:Irish Nationalist 2047:Irish involvement 2015:Ulster Volunteers 1956:Irish nationalism 1837:Battle of Clonard 1784:George Cruikshank 1705:the Test Act 1672 1680:Irish Confederacy 1461:Treaty of Windsor 1331:Johannes Eriugena 1305:work that spread 1258:Early Middle Ages 1082:mitochondrial DNA 1016:Hallstatt culture 611:twentieth-largest 597:. Ireland is the 570:[ˈɑːrlən] 484: 483: 404:1.2% other (inc. 115: (dark grey) 105:Location of 19515: 19438:Irish Travellers 19269: 19268: 19265:Modern languages 19262: 19261: 19213:Irish Free State 19170:Northern Ireland 19129: 19128: 18982: 18981: 18890:Northern Ireland 18868:Sovereign states 18864: 18863: 18791: 18784: 18777: 18768: 18767: 18757: 18678: 18677: 18570: 18569: 18552:Galwegian Gaelic 18451: 18450: 18349: 18348: 18257:Welsh devolution 18151: 18150: 17903: 17902: 17892:Sean-nós singing 17887:Welsh folk music 17877:Irish folk music 17844:Highland culture 17626:Irish literature 17606:Arthurian Legend 17594: 17593: 17583: 17582: 17535: 17523: 17511: 17499: 17487: 17475: 17455: 17454: 17446: 17445: 17423:Neo-Christianity 17363: 17362: 17294:Gaelic astrology 17254:Celtic festivals 17152:Celtic mythology 17125:Ancient religion 17042:Iron Age Britain 17009: 17008: 17002: 16981:Welsh Argentines 16921:Irish Uruguayans 16916:Irish Travellers 16886:Irish Brazilians 16876:Irish Argentines 16856:Breton Americans 16810:Cornish diaspora 16772:Irish Travellers 16646: 16645: 16638:Celtic languages 16594: 16587: 16580: 16571: 16570: 16558: 16557: 16556: 16235:Tuatha Dé Danann 15823: 15822: 15814: 15813: 15801: 15800: 15736:Northern Ireland 15714: 15704: 15694: 15604: 15603: 15591: 15590: 15425: 15424: 15412: 15411: 15288:Home Rule crisis 15118:Northern Ireland 15031: 15030: 15018: 15017: 15005:Northern Ireland 14976: 14969: 14962: 14953: 14952: 14935: 14934: 14920: 14897: 14895: 14893: 14860: 14849:O'Rahilly, T. F. 14844: 14815: 14813: 14811: 14785: 14777: 14775: 14773: 14754:. p. 1219. 14737: 14697: 14677: 14656: 14654: 14652: 14623: 14598: 14568: 14566: 14564: 14524: 14494: 14455: 14454: 14452: 14450: 14445:on 17 March 2012 14444: 14437: 14429: 14423: 14422: 14420: 14418: 14412: 14405: 14397: 14391: 14390: 14389: 14387: 14366: 14360: 14359: 14357: 14355: 14340: 14334: 14333: 14331: 14329: 14310: 14304: 14303: 14301: 14299: 14280: 14274: 14273: 14271: 14269: 14254: 14248: 14247: 14245: 14243: 14228: 14222: 14221: 14219: 14217: 14198: 14192: 14191: 14189: 14187: 14166: 14160: 14159: 14157: 14155: 14140: 14134: 14133: 14131: 14129: 14109: 14103: 14102: 14100: 14098: 14079: 14066: 14048: 14042: 14041: 14039: 14037: 14018: 14012: 14011: 14009: 14007: 13988: 13982: 13981: 13976: 13974: 13956: 13950: 13949: 13944: 13942: 13911: 13905: 13904: 13902: 13900: 13895:on 1 August 2023 13885: 13879: 13878: 13876: 13874: 13869:on 1 August 2023 13859: 13853: 13852: 13850: 13848: 13842: 13836:. Archived from 13835: 13827: 13818: 13817: 13815: 13813: 13794: 13783: 13782: 13780: 13778: 13763: 13752: 13751: 13749: 13747: 13741: 13734: 13726: 13720: 13719: 13717: 13715: 13700: 13687: 13686: 13684: 13682: 13663: 13654: 13653: 13651: 13649: 13627:Discover Ireland 13621: 13615: 13614: 13612: 13610: 13594: 13585: 13584: 13566: 13560: 13559: 13557: 13555: 13535: 13529: 13528: 13510: 13504: 13503: 13479: 13473: 13472: 13448: 13442: 13441: 13417: 13411: 13410: 13386: 13380: 13379: 13377: 13337: 13331: 13330: 13322: 13316: 13315: 13297: 13280: 13279: 13277: 13275: 13260: 13254: 13253: 13251: 13249: 13234: 13228: 13227: 13225: 13223: 13203: 13197: 13196: 13194: 13192: 13177: 13171: 13170: 13168: 13166: 13147: 13141: 13140: 13138: 13136: 13119:(22 July 2007). 13113: 13107: 13106: 13104: 13102: 13087: 13081: 13080: 13078: 13076: 13057: 13051: 13050: 13048: 13046: 13027: 13021: 13020: 13018: 13016: 13001: 12995: 12994: 12992: 12990: 12984: 12977: 12968: 12962: 12961: 12959: 12957: 12938: 12932: 12931: 12929: 12927: 12917: 12902: 12896: 12895: 12893: 12891: 12881: 12864: 12858: 12857: 12855: 12853: 12838: 12832: 12831: 12829: 12827: 12812: 12806: 12805: 12803: 12801: 12782: 12771: 12770: 12765: 12763: 12746: 12740: 12739: 12737: 12735: 12720: 12714: 12713: 12711: 12709: 12689: 12683: 12682: 12680: 12678: 12663: 12657: 12656: 12654: 12652: 12646: 12639: 12631: 12625: 12624: 12622: 12620: 12601: 12595: 12594: 12592: 12590: 12571: 12565: 12564: 12562: 12560: 12554: 12547: 12539: 12530: 12529: 12523: 12519: 12517: 12509: 12507: 12505: 12469: 12463: 12462: 12460: 12458: 12439: 12433: 12432: 12430: 12428: 12409: 12403: 12402: 12400: 12398: 12383: 12377: 12376: 12373: 12371: 12369: 12347: 12341: 12340: 12338: 12336: 12316: 12310: 12309: 12307: 12305: 12299: 12284: 12275: 12269: 12268: 12244: 12238: 12237: 12235: 12233: 12222:"An Taibhdhearc" 12218: 12212: 12211: 12209: 12207: 12197: 12186: 12180: 12179: 12177: 12175: 12147: 12141: 12140: 12122: 12116: 12097: 12091: 12084: 12078: 12065:O'Dwyer, Simon: 12063: 12057: 12056: 12048: 12042: 12041: 12039: 12037: 12022: 12016: 12015: 12013: 12011: 11996: 11990: 11989: 11969: 11963: 11962: 11960: 11958: 11943: 11937: 11936: 11934: 11932: 11913: 11907: 11906: 11888: 11882: 11881: 11879: 11877: 11867: 11850: 11844: 11843: 11841: 11839: 11820:Ó Broin, Brian. 11817: 11811: 11810: 11808: 11806: 11801:on 28 March 2016 11800: 11789: 11781: 11775: 11774: 11772: 11770: 11746: 11740: 11725: 11719: 11718: 11716: 11714: 11692: 11686: 11685: 11683: 11681: 11662: 11656: 11655: 11653: 11651: 11631: 11625: 11624: 11622: 11620: 11611:. 28 June 2011. 11599: 11593: 11592: 11590: 11588: 11566: 11560: 11559: 11557: 11555: 11527: 11521: 11520: 11518: 11516: 11491: 11485: 11484: 11482: 11480: 11458: 11452: 11449: 11443: 11442: 11440: 11438: 11418: 11412: 11398: 11392: 11391: 11389: 11387: 11368: 11362: 11361: 11359: 11357: 11338: 11332: 11331: 11329: 11327: 11308: 11302: 11301: 11299: 11297: 11278: 11272: 11271: 11253: 11247: 11246: 11244: 11242: 11226: 11220: 11219: 11217: 11215: 11193: 11184: 11182: 11175: 11173: 11171: 11162:. Archived from 11161: 11142: 11136: 11135: 11133: 11131: 11112: 11106: 11105: 11103: 11101: 11082: 11076: 11075: 11073: 11071: 11065: 11054: 11046: 11040: 11039: 11037: 11035: 11020: 11014: 11013: 11005: 10999: 10998: 10990: 10984: 10983: 10981: 10979: 10959: 10953: 10936: 10930: 10929: 10928: 10926: 10895: 10889: 10888: 10886: 10884: 10863: 10857: 10856: 10854: 10852: 10846: 10840:. Archived from 10839: 10830: 10824: 10823: 10821: 10819: 10800: 10794: 10787: 10781: 10780: 10778: 10776: 10754: 10748: 10747: 10745: 10743: 10728: 10722: 10721: 10719: 10717: 10695: 10689: 10688: 10686: 10684: 10674: 10659: 10653: 10652: 10650: 10648: 10638: 10623: 10617: 10616: 10614: 10612: 10591: 10585: 10584: 10566: 10560: 10559: 10557: 10555: 10550:on 13 March 2016 10546:. Archived from 10536: 10530: 10529: 10527: 10525: 10505: 10499: 10498: 10496: 10494: 10475: 10469: 10468: 10466: 10464: 10458: 10447: 10439: 10433: 10432: 10430: 10428: 10423:on 27 March 2008 10409: 10403: 10402: 10400: 10398: 10393:on 19 March 2015 10383: 10377: 10376: 10368: 10362: 10361: 10359: 10357: 10338: 10329: 10328: 10322: 10320: 10299: 10293: 10292: 10287: 10285: 10270: 10264: 10263: 10261: 10259: 10250:. Archived from 10238: 10232: 10231: 10229: 10227: 10218:. Archived from 10208: 10202: 10201: 10199: 10197: 10191: 10184: 10173: 10167: 10166: 10164: 10156: 10150: 10149: 10143: 10141: 10135: 10120: 10112: 10106: 10105: 10103: 10101: 10082: 10076: 10075: 10073: 10071: 10056: 10050: 10049: 10047: 10045: 10039: 10032: 10023: 10017: 10016: 10014: 10012: 9997: 9991: 9990: 9977: 9967: 9961: 9960: 9947: 9937: 9931: 9930: 9928: 9926: 9911: 9905: 9904: 9902: 9900: 9869: 9863: 9862: 9856: 9854: 9820: 9814: 9813: 9811: 9809: 9803: 9780: 9772: 9766: 9765: 9763: 9761: 9752:. Archived from 9739: 9733: 9726: 9720: 9713: 9707: 9706: 9704: 9702: 9671: 9665: 9664: 9646: 9640: 9639: 9615: 9609: 9608: 9590: 9584: 9577: 9568: 9567: 9565: 9563: 9547: 9541: 9540: 9529:10.2307/20030588 9512: 9506: 9505: 9487: 9481: 9480: 9478: 9476: 9456: 9445: 9444: 9426: 9417: 9416: 9398: 9392: 9391: 9389: 9387: 9365: 9359: 9358: 9356: 9354: 9332: 9326: 9325: 9323: 9321: 9302: 9296: 9295: 9293: 9291: 9272: 9266: 9265: 9257: 9251: 9250: 9242: 9236: 9235: 9217: 9211: 9210: 9208: 9206: 9178: 9172: 9171: 9169: 9167: 9148: 9142: 9141: 9123: 9114: 9113: 9095: 9086: 9085: 9069: 9063: 9056: 9045: 9044: 9026: 9020: 9019: 9017: 9015: 9000: 8994: 8993: 8991: 8989: 8974: 8968: 8967: 8949: 8940: 8939: 8920: 8907: 8901: 8900: 8898: 8896: 8877: 8871: 8870: 8868: 8866: 8842: 8836: 8835: 8833: 8831: 8825: 8814: 8806: 8800: 8799: 8781: 8775: 8774: 8756: 8750: 8749: 8743: 8735: 8729: 8722: 8716: 8715: 8697: 8691: 8690: 8672: 8666: 8665: 8641: 8635: 8634: 8632: 8630: 8608: 8602: 8601: 8599: 8597: 8578: 8572: 8571: 8569: 8567: 8561: 8554: 8542: 8536: 8535: 8513: 8507: 8506: 8504: 8502: 8485:Stokes, Margaret 8481: 8475: 8474: 8454: 8448: 8447: 8436:. Anchor Books. 8429: 8420: 8419: 8397: 8391: 8390: 8382: 8374: 8368: 8367: 8346: 8340: 8339: 8333: 8325: 8317: 8311: 8305: 8303:Dáibhí Ó Cróinín 8299: 8296:Dáibhí Ó Cróinín 8291: 8285: 8278: 8272: 8271: 8269: 8245: 8239: 8238: 8236: 8234: 8194: 8188: 8187: 8173: 8167: 8166: 8158: 8152: 8151: 8149: 8147: 8115: 8109: 8108: 8106: 8104: 8084: 8078: 8077: 8067: 8033: 8027: 8026: 8025:on 21 July 2015. 8024: 8017: 8006: 8000: 7999: 7997: 7990: 7979: 7973: 7970: 7964: 7961: 7955: 7949: 7943: 7942: 7940: 7938: 7922: 7916: 7915: 7907: 7901: 7900: 7898: 7896: 7873: 7867: 7866: 7864: 7862: 7856: 7837: 7828: 7822: 7821: 7819: 7817: 7811: 7804: 7796: 7790: 7789: 7767: 7758: 7757: 7755: 7753: 7737: 7731: 7730: 7728: 7726: 7721:on 11 April 2019 7720: 7714:. Archived from 7709: 7701: 7692: 7691: 7673: 7667: 7666: 7664: 7662: 7642: 7636: 7635: 7633: 7631: 7611: 7605: 7604: 7602: 7600: 7581: 7575: 7574: 7572: 7570: 7554: 7548: 7534: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7520: 7472: 7463: 7462: 7460: 7458: 7439: 7426: 7425: 7423: 7421: 7391: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7380: 7374: 7359: 7351: 7345: 7344: 7342: 7340: 7321: 7315: 7313: 7293: 7287: 7268: 7259: 7240: 7231: 7230: 7228: 7226: 7220: 7209: 7201: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7181: 7164: 7162: 7160: 7140: 7131: 7130: 7128: 7126: 7101: 7095: 7094: 7092: 7090: 7084: 7077: 7069: 7063: 7062: 7060: 7058: 7039: 7033: 7032: 7030: 7028: 7013: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7002: 6996: 6985: 6977: 6971: 6970: 6963: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6952: 6904: 6898: 6897: 6895: 6893: 6887: 6876: 6868: 6862: 6861: 6851: 6819: 6810: 6809: 6807: 6805: 6796:. Archived from 6788:Nolan, William. 6785: 6765: 6759: 6750: 6743: 6737: 6734: 6702:renewable energy 6698:clean-technology 6653:in Scotland and 6605:Dromoland Castle 6593:Glenveagh Castle 6589:Strokestown Park 6581:Castletown House 6575:styles, such as 6547:Dingle peninsula 6516:Holy Cross Abbey 6493:Giant's Causeway 6491:complex and the 6490: 6464:Major industries 6450:The Great Famine 6404:Economic history 6366: 6362: 6317: 6313: 6276: 6272: 6208: 6207: 6069:in County Antrim 5864:PGA Championship 5817:Sonia O'Sullivan 5748:Wayne McCullough 5645:soccer leagues. 5463:Northern Ireland 5445:, horse racing, 5435:greyhound racing 5396:Sport in Ireland 5337:John B. Cosgrave 5335:, among others. 5226:Maynooth College 5137: 5098:Louis le Brocquy 5016: 5015: 4922:Music of Ireland 4900: 4899: 4894: 4893: 4879: 4817:Edith Somerville 4813:William Carleton 4801:Oliver Goldsmith 4779: 4778: 4771: 4770: 4763: 4762: 4755: 4754: 4743: 4739: 4736: 4732: 4731: 4720: 4719: 4712: 4711: 4620:European culture 4571:Irish Travellers 4538: 4532: 4526: 4515: 4198: 4187: 4154: 4143: 4129: 4128: 3988: 3987: 3972: 3971: 3956: 3955: 3940: 3939: 3933: 3899:Jewish community 3895:Muslim community 3843: 3835: 3827: 3819: 3811: 3803: 3795: 3787: 3779: 3771: 3763: 3755: 3747: 3739: 3731: 3723: 3715: 3707: 3699: 3693: 3685: 3677: 3669: 3661: 3653: 3645: 3637: 3629: 3621: 3613: 3605: 3513:species such as 3500:Spartina anglica 3456:strawberry trees 3257:Flora of Ireland 3253:Fauna of Ireland 3234: 3037: 3036: 3015:weather stations 3012: 3009: 2981:the Emerald Isle 2955:West of Shetland 2951:Corrib Gas Field 2883:Southern Uplands 2824:in the midwest. 2642:House of Commons 2598:Northern Ireland 2592:Northern Ireland 2582:financial crisis 2564: 2563: 2558: 2557: 2542: 2541: 2534: 2533: 2495: 2421:Operation Banner 2282:Northern Ireland 2275:financial crisis 2226:Victoria Crosses 2188:Irish Free State 2154:Irish Free State 2138:Northern Ireland 2105: 2058:O'Connell Street 2041:, took the name 2026:Irish Volunteers 1992:Pitt the Younger 1960:Daniel O'Connell 1847:Battle of Carlow 1581:Irish parliament 1543:), substituting 1434:King of Leinster 1426:Richard de Clare 1424:. It was led by 1327:Sedulius Scottus 1323:late Middle Ages 1309:and learning to 1241:Pope Celestine I 1209:kingdom of Meath 1139:Megale Brettania 1012:Celtic languages 967:weaving textiles 933: 846: 845: 822: 730:Irish Free State 623:Northern Ireland 572: 567: 557: 556: 555: 549: 547:[ˈeːɾʲə] 531: 526: 525: 524: 523: 516: 513: 512: 509: 506: 503: 500: 497: 453: 279:Northern Ireland 185: 168: 167: 165: 164: 163: 158: 154: 151: 150: 149: 146: 108: 102: 87: 74: 66: 58: 50: 39: 35: 25:Northern Ireland 19523: 19522: 19518: 19517: 19516: 19514: 19513: 19512: 19483: 19482: 19481: 19472: 19428:English Gypsies 19397: 19366: 19328: 19309:Scottish Gaelic 19290: 19249: 19201: 19143: 19120: 19108: 19055: 19051:Isles of Scilly 18992:Channel Islands 18969: 18933: 18905: 18855: 18800: 18795: 18765: 18760: 18736: 18683: 18668: 18610: 18606:Early Scots law 18595:Early Irish law 18581: 18556: 18533:Scottish Gaelic 18527: 18468:Proto-Brittonic 18440: 18436:Beurla Reagaird 18412: 18408:Scottish Gaelic 18384: 18356: 18339: 18335:Columba Project 18315:Celtic Congress 18296: 18261: 18235: 18156: 18137: 18098:Gaelic handball 18088:Gaelic football 18073:Cornish hurling 18032: 17942: 17901: 17848: 17827: 17813:Gaelic clothing 17796: 17711: 17670: 17631:Manx literature 17588: 17565: 17544:Other claimants 17539: 17444: 17394:Celtic Congress 17370: 17353: 17249:Celtic calendar 17227: 17186: 17120: 17016: 17003: 16990: 16976:Welsh Americans 16896:Irish Catholics 16891:Irish Canadians 16871:Irish Americans 16829: 16803:Celtic diaspora 16798: 16732: 16661: 16653: 16640: 16607: 16598: 16568: 16563: 16554: 16552: 16537: 16505:outside Ireland 16476:Historic houses 16444: 16425:Irish Wolfhound 16396:Brighid's Cross 16382: 16353:Gaelic handball 16348:Gaelic football 16319: 16290:Hiberno-Normans 16259: 16172: 16120: 16075: 16056:Hiberno-English 16042: 15987: 15948: 15902: 15808: 15787: 15730: 15712: 15702: 15692: 15633: 15624:Ulster loyalism 15598: 15577: 15495: 15419: 15398: 15357: 15283:Dublin lock-out 15219:Confederate War 15170:Norman invasion 15157:Battles of Tara 15145: 15101:1801–1923 15089:1691–1800 15084:1536–1691 15072:1169–1536 15025: 15012: 14988: 14980: 14932: 14928: 14923: 14917: 14909:. p. 599. 14891: 14889: 14882: 14874:. p. 423. 14870:. Hoboken, NJ: 14841: 14809: 14807: 14800: 14771: 14769: 14762: 14734: 14713:Wayback Machine 14700:Foster, R. F. 14694: 14650: 14648: 14641: 14620: 14595: 14562: 14560: 14553: 14545:. p. 163. 14521: 14513:. p. 198. 14491: 14464: 14459: 14458: 14448: 14446: 14442: 14435: 14431: 14430: 14426: 14416: 14414: 14410: 14403: 14399: 14398: 14394: 14385: 14383: 14382:on 5 March 2012 14368: 14367: 14363: 14353: 14351: 14350:on 14 July 2011 14342: 14341: 14337: 14327: 14325: 14312: 14311: 14307: 14297: 14295: 14282: 14281: 14277: 14267: 14265: 14256: 14255: 14251: 14241: 14239: 14230: 14229: 14225: 14215: 14213: 14200: 14199: 14195: 14185: 14183: 14168: 14167: 14163: 14153: 14151: 14142: 14141: 14137: 14127: 14125: 14110: 14106: 14096: 14094: 14081: 14080: 14069: 14059:Wayback Machine 14049: 14045: 14035: 14033: 14020: 14019: 14015: 14005: 14003: 13990: 13989: 13985: 13972: 13970: 13957: 13953: 13940: 13938: 13931: 13912: 13908: 13898: 13896: 13887: 13886: 13882: 13872: 13870: 13861: 13860: 13856: 13846: 13844: 13843:on 25 July 2023 13840: 13833: 13829: 13828: 13821: 13811: 13809: 13796: 13795: 13786: 13776: 13774: 13765: 13764: 13755: 13745: 13743: 13739: 13732: 13728: 13727: 13723: 13713: 13711: 13702: 13701: 13690: 13680: 13678: 13665: 13664: 13657: 13647: 13645: 13638: 13622: 13618: 13608: 13606: 13595: 13588: 13581: 13567: 13563: 13553: 13551: 13536: 13532: 13525: 13511: 13507: 13500: 13480: 13476: 13469: 13449: 13445: 13438: 13418: 13414: 13407: 13387: 13383: 13338: 13334: 13323: 13319: 13312: 13298: 13283: 13273: 13271: 13262: 13261: 13257: 13247: 13245: 13236: 13235: 13231: 13221: 13219: 13204: 13200: 13190: 13188: 13179: 13178: 13174: 13164: 13162: 13161:on 3 April 2015 13149: 13148: 13144: 13134: 13132: 13131:on 23 July 2011 13117:Brennan, Séamus 13114: 13110: 13100: 13098: 13089: 13088: 13084: 13074: 13072: 13059: 13058: 13054: 13044: 13042: 13029: 13028: 13024: 13014: 13012: 13011:on 20 June 2017 13003: 13002: 12998: 12988: 12986: 12985:on 23 July 2011 12982: 12975: 12969: 12965: 12955: 12953: 12940: 12939: 12935: 12925: 12923: 12904: 12903: 12899: 12889: 12887: 12866: 12865: 12861: 12851: 12849: 12840: 12839: 12835: 12825: 12823: 12814: 12813: 12809: 12799: 12797: 12784: 12783: 12774: 12761: 12759: 12747: 12743: 12733: 12731: 12722: 12721: 12717: 12707: 12705: 12690: 12686: 12676: 12674: 12665: 12664: 12660: 12650: 12648: 12644: 12637: 12633: 12632: 12628: 12618: 12616: 12603: 12602: 12598: 12588: 12586: 12573: 12572: 12568: 12558: 12556: 12555:on 12 July 2015 12552: 12545: 12541: 12540: 12533: 12521: 12520: 12511: 12510: 12503: 12501: 12494: 12470: 12466: 12456: 12454: 12441: 12440: 12436: 12426: 12424: 12411: 12410: 12406: 12396: 12394: 12385: 12384: 12380: 12374: 12367: 12365: 12348: 12344: 12334: 12332: 12317: 12313: 12303: 12301: 12297: 12282: 12276: 12272: 12265: 12245: 12241: 12231: 12229: 12220: 12219: 12215: 12205: 12203: 12195:An Taibhdheirce 12188: 12187: 12183: 12173: 12171: 12164: 12148: 12144: 12137: 12123: 12119: 12098: 12094: 12085: 12081: 12064: 12060: 12049: 12045: 12035: 12033: 12024: 12023: 12019: 12009: 12007: 11998: 11997: 11993: 11986: 11970: 11966: 11956: 11954: 11945: 11944: 11940: 11930: 11928: 11915: 11914: 11910: 11903: 11893:Language policy 11889: 11885: 11875: 11873: 11852: 11851: 11847: 11837: 11835: 11827:The Irish Times 11818: 11814: 11804: 11802: 11798: 11787: 11783: 11782: 11778: 11768: 11766: 11747: 11743: 11738:Wayback Machine 11726: 11722: 11712: 11710: 11702:The Irish Times 11693: 11689: 11679: 11677: 11664: 11663: 11659: 11649: 11647: 11632: 11628: 11618: 11616: 11601: 11600: 11596: 11586: 11584: 11567: 11563: 11553: 11551: 11544: 11528: 11524: 11514: 11512: 11495:Sullivan, Kevin 11492: 11488: 11478: 11476: 11459: 11455: 11450: 11446: 11436: 11434: 11419: 11415: 11409:Wayback Machine 11399: 11395: 11385: 11383: 11370: 11369: 11365: 11355: 11353: 11340: 11339: 11335: 11325: 11323: 11310: 11309: 11305: 11295: 11293: 11280: 11279: 11275: 11268: 11254: 11250: 11240: 11238: 11227: 11223: 11213: 11211: 11210:on 24 June 2011 11203:The Independent 11194: 11187: 11169: 11167: 11143: 11139: 11129: 11127: 11114: 11113: 11109: 11099: 11097: 11084: 11083: 11079: 11069: 11067: 11063: 11052: 11048: 11047: 11043: 11033: 11031: 11022: 11021: 11017: 11006: 11002: 10991: 10987: 10977: 10975: 10962:Hackney, Paul. 10960: 10956: 10946:Wayback Machine 10937: 10933: 10924: 10922: 10915: 10897: 10896: 10892: 10882: 10880: 10865: 10864: 10860: 10850: 10848: 10844: 10837: 10831: 10827: 10817: 10815: 10802: 10801: 10797: 10788: 10784: 10774: 10772: 10764:The Irish Times 10755: 10751: 10741: 10739: 10730: 10729: 10725: 10715: 10713: 10696: 10692: 10682: 10680: 10661: 10660: 10656: 10646: 10644: 10625: 10624: 10620: 10610: 10608: 10593: 10592: 10588: 10581: 10567: 10563: 10553: 10551: 10544:EnergyFiles.com 10538: 10537: 10533: 10523: 10521: 10506: 10502: 10492: 10490: 10477: 10476: 10472: 10462: 10460: 10456: 10445: 10441: 10440: 10436: 10426: 10424: 10411: 10410: 10406: 10396: 10394: 10385: 10384: 10380: 10369: 10365: 10355: 10353: 10340: 10339: 10332: 10318: 10316: 10301: 10300: 10296: 10283: 10281: 10272: 10271: 10267: 10257: 10255: 10254:on 24 June 2017 10240: 10239: 10235: 10225: 10223: 10210: 10209: 10205: 10195: 10193: 10189: 10182: 10174: 10170: 10162: 10158: 10157: 10153: 10139: 10137: 10133: 10118: 10114: 10113: 10109: 10099: 10097: 10084: 10083: 10079: 10069: 10067: 10058: 10057: 10053: 10043: 10041: 10037: 10030: 10024: 10020: 10010: 10008: 9999: 9998: 9994: 9987: 9968: 9964: 9957: 9938: 9934: 9924: 9922: 9913: 9912: 9908: 9898: 9896: 9889: 9870: 9866: 9852: 9850: 9843: 9821: 9817: 9807: 9805: 9801: 9778: 9774: 9773: 9769: 9759: 9757: 9740: 9736: 9727: 9723: 9719:(2007), pp 7–36 9714: 9710: 9700: 9698: 9691: 9673: 9672: 9668: 9661: 9647: 9643: 9636: 9616: 9612: 9605: 9591: 9587: 9578: 9571: 9561: 9559: 9548: 9544: 9517:Foreign Affairs 9513: 9509: 9502: 9488: 9484: 9474: 9472: 9457: 9448: 9441: 9427: 9420: 9413: 9399: 9395: 9385: 9383: 9366: 9362: 9352: 9350: 9349:on 17 June 2015 9342:The Independent 9333: 9329: 9319: 9317: 9304: 9303: 9299: 9289: 9287: 9280:Digital History 9274: 9273: 9269: 9258: 9254: 9243: 9239: 9232: 9218: 9214: 9204: 9202: 9195: 9179: 9175: 9165: 9163: 9150: 9149: 9145: 9138: 9124: 9117: 9110: 9096: 9089: 9082: 9057: 9048: 9041: 9027: 9023: 9013: 9011: 9002: 9001: 8997: 8987: 8985: 8984:on 2 March 2012 8976: 8975: 8971: 8964: 8950: 8943: 8933: 8908: 8904: 8894: 8892: 8879: 8878: 8874: 8864: 8862: 8843: 8839: 8829: 8827: 8823: 8812: 8808: 8807: 8803: 8796: 8782: 8778: 8771: 8757: 8753: 8737: 8736: 8723: 8719: 8712: 8698: 8694: 8687: 8673: 8669: 8662: 8642: 8638: 8628: 8626: 8609: 8605: 8595: 8593: 8580: 8579: 8575: 8565: 8563: 8559: 8552: 8543: 8539: 8532: 8514: 8510: 8500: 8498: 8482: 8478: 8471: 8455: 8451: 8444: 8430: 8423: 8416: 8398: 8394: 8375: 8371: 8360:T. Fisher Unwin 8347: 8343: 8327: 8326: 8318: 8314: 8292: 8288: 8279: 8275: 8254:Irish Geography 8246: 8242: 8232: 8230: 8195: 8191: 8174: 8170: 8159: 8155: 8145: 8143: 8136: 8116: 8112: 8102: 8100: 8085: 8081: 8034: 8030: 8022: 8015: 8007: 8003: 7995: 7988: 7980: 7976: 7971: 7967: 7962: 7958: 7950: 7946: 7936: 7934: 7929:. Penn Museum. 7923: 7919: 7908: 7904: 7894: 7892: 7890: 7874: 7870: 7860: 7858: 7854: 7840:Palaeohispanica 7835: 7829: 7825: 7815: 7813: 7809: 7802: 7798: 7797: 7793: 7786: 7778:. p. 115. 7768: 7761: 7751: 7749: 7748:on 2 March 2015 7738: 7734: 7724: 7722: 7718: 7707: 7703: 7702: 7695: 7688: 7674: 7670: 7660: 7658: 7643: 7639: 7629: 7627: 7612: 7608: 7598: 7596: 7583: 7582: 7578: 7568: 7566: 7555: 7551: 7545:Wayback Machine 7535: 7528: 7518: 7516: 7473: 7466: 7456: 7454: 7441: 7440: 7429: 7419: 7417: 7410: 7392: 7388: 7378: 7376: 7372: 7357: 7353: 7352: 7348: 7338: 7336: 7323: 7322: 7318: 7304:Wayback Machine 7294: 7290: 7283:The Irish Times 7278:Wayback Machine 7269: 7262: 7255:The Irish Times 7250:Wayback Machine 7241: 7234: 7224: 7222: 7218: 7207: 7203: 7202: 7191: 7179: 7177: 7158: 7156: 7141: 7134: 7124: 7122: 7103: 7102: 7098: 7088: 7086: 7082: 7075: 7071: 7070: 7066: 7056: 7054: 7049:. 30 May 2023. 7041: 7040: 7036: 7026: 7024: 7015: 7014: 7010: 7000: 6998: 6994: 6983: 6979: 6978: 6974: 6965: 6964: 6960: 6950: 6948: 6905: 6901: 6891: 6889: 6885: 6874: 6870: 6869: 6865: 6820: 6813: 6803: 6801: 6786: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6768: 6760: 6753: 6744: 6740: 6735: 6731: 6726: 6619: 6613: 6512:Cliffs of Moher 6504:Bunratty Castle 6477: 6471: 6466: 6412: 6406: 6401: 6357: 6352: 6322:United Kingdom 6311: 6281:United Kingdom 6266: 6203: 6183: 6177: 6169:Main articles: 6167: 6147:, particularly 6135:, particularly 6019:mashed potatoes 5960: 5954: 5893: 5869:Graeme McDowell 5833:Derval O'Rourke 5791: 5789:Golf in Ireland 5779:Main articles: 5777: 5744:Michael Carruth 5736: 5730: 5658:Rugby World Cup 5493: 5473:Main articles: 5471: 5407:Gaelic football 5404: 5398: 5392: 5365:crystallography 5168: 5156:Conor McPherson 5152:Sebastian Barry 5124: 5118: 5078: 5070:Main articles: 5068: 5056:the Cranberries 5048:Sinéad O'Connor 5040:the Saw Doctors 5003:Clancy Brothers 4999:the Wolfe Tones 4979:Irish composers 4933:Gregorian chant 4928: 4920:Main articles: 4918: 4916:Music and dance 4809:Charles Kickham 4741: 4737: 4698: 4692: 4676: 4640:Celtic knotwork 4616:Americanisation 4606:, County Tyrone 4597: 4589:Main articles: 4587: 4466:Scottish Gaelic 4449: 4443: 4412: 4407: 4203: 4199: 4193: 4192: 4188: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4159: 4155: 4149: 4148: 4144: 4010: 4009: 4008: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3996: 3995: 3989: 3981: 3980: 3979: 3973: 3965: 3964: 3963: 3957: 3949: 3948: 3947: 3941: 3925: 3911: 3584: 3572:Main articles: 3570: 3539: 3283:mainland Europe 3263: 3251:Main articles: 3249: 3247:Flora and fauna 3244: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3010: 3007: 2985:oceanic climate 2977: 2971: 2961:. In 2000, the 2836: 2830: 2802:Corrán Tuathail 2727: 2721: 2665: 2644:' 650 MPs. The 2611:Stormont Estate 2600: 2594: 2483: 2477: 2433: 2365:Provisional IRA 2294: 2286:Main articles: 2284: 2176: 2168:Main articles: 2166: 2158:Éamon de Valera 2150:Irish Civil War 2126: 2120: 2035:First World War 1988:George's father 1974:. Steering the 1866: 1860: 1776: 1770: 1739:United Irishmen 1657:Nine Years' War 1645:King of England 1637:King of Ireland 1616: 1610: 1569: 1557:Catholic Church 1515:Lord of Ireland 1420:in present-day 1390: 1384: 1372:Main articles: 1370: 1342:endemic warfare 1319:Frankish Empire 1275:A folio of the 1135:Mikra Brettania 1101: 1095: 991: 944:dry-stone walls 938:. An extensive 916:Ferriter's Cove 871: 865: 860: 854: 834:Irish mythology 832:, a goddess in 811: 760:Western culture 692:, which led to 551: 550: 529: 519: 518: 494: 490: 480: 472: 447: 442: 414: 411:4.5% not stated 318:Population rank 268: 248: 183: 161: 159: 155: 152: 147: 144: 142: 140: 139: 118: 117: 106: 93: 90:Satellite image 78: 77: 68: 52: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 19521: 19511: 19510: 19505: 19503:Celtic nations 19500: 19495: 19478: 19477: 19474: 19473: 19471: 19470: 19465: 19460: 19455: 19453:Northern Irish 19450: 19445: 19440: 19435: 19430: 19425: 19420: 19415: 19409: 19407: 19403: 19402: 19399: 19398: 19396: 19395: 19390: 19385: 19380: 19374: 19372: 19368: 19367: 19365: 19364: 19359: 19354: 19349: 19344: 19338: 19336: 19330: 19329: 19327: 19326: 19321: 19316: 19311: 19306: 19300: 19298: 19292: 19291: 19289: 19288: 19283: 19277: 19275: 19266: 19259: 19255: 19254: 19251: 19250: 19248: 19247: 19242: 19237: 19232: 19227: 19226: 19225: 19215: 19209: 19207: 19203: 19202: 19200: 19199: 19194: 19189: 19184: 19183: 19182: 19177: 19172: 19167: 19160:United Kingdom 19157: 19151: 19149: 19148:Current states 19145: 19144: 19142: 19141: 19135: 19133: 19126: 19114: 19113: 19110: 19109: 19107: 19106: 19105: 19104: 19099: 19094: 19087:United Kingdom 19084: 19079: 19074: 19069: 19063: 19061: 19057: 19056: 19054: 19053: 19048: 19047: 19046: 19041: 19034:Northern Isles 19031: 19026: 19021: 19020: 19019: 19014: 19004: 18999: 18994: 18988: 18986: 18979: 18975: 18974: 18971: 18970: 18968: 18967: 18962: 18957: 18952: 18947: 18941: 18939: 18935: 18934: 18932: 18931: 18926: 18921: 18915: 18913: 18907: 18906: 18904: 18903: 18897: 18892: 18887: 18881:United Kingdom 18878: 18872: 18870: 18861: 18857: 18856: 18854: 18853: 18852: 18851: 18846: 18841: 18836: 18831: 18826: 18821: 18811: 18805: 18802: 18801: 18794: 18793: 18786: 18779: 18771: 18762: 18761: 18759: 18758: 18751: 18745: 18742: 18741: 18738: 18737: 18735: 18734: 18729: 18724: 18719: 18714: 18709: 18704: 18699: 18694: 18688: 18685: 18684: 18674: 18673: 18670: 18669: 18667: 18666: 18661: 18656: 18651: 18646: 18641: 18636: 18631: 18626: 18624:Gaelic warfare 18620: 18618: 18612: 18611: 18609: 18608: 18603: 18600:Cyfraith Hywel 18597: 18591: 18589: 18583: 18582: 18566: 18565: 18562: 18561: 18558: 18557: 18555: 18554: 18549: 18547:Deeside Gaelic 18544: 18538: 18536: 18529: 18528: 18526: 18525: 18520: 18518:Hispano-Celtic 18515: 18510: 18505: 18500: 18495: 18490: 18485: 18480: 18475: 18473:Proto-Goidelic 18470: 18465: 18459: 18457: 18448: 18442: 18441: 18439: 18438: 18433: 18428: 18422: 18420: 18414: 18413: 18411: 18410: 18405: 18400: 18394: 18392: 18386: 18385: 18383: 18382: 18377: 18372: 18366: 18364: 18358: 18357: 18345: 18344: 18341: 18340: 18338: 18337: 18332: 18327: 18325:Celtic society 18322: 18320:Celtic Revival 18317: 18312: 18306: 18304: 18298: 18297: 18295: 18294: 18288:United Ireland 18285: 18280: 18275: 18269: 18267: 18263: 18262: 18260: 18259: 18254: 18249: 18243: 18241: 18237: 18236: 18234: 18233: 18232: 18231: 18221: 18220: 18219: 18209: 18204: 18199: 18194: 18193: 18192: 18182: 18181: 18180: 18175: 18164: 18162: 18158: 18157: 18147: 18146: 18143: 18142: 18139: 18138: 18136: 18135: 18133:Welsh handball 18130: 18125: 18120: 18115: 18113:Highland games 18110: 18105: 18100: 18095: 18085: 18080: 18075: 18070: 18063: 18058: 18053: 18046: 18040: 18038: 18034: 18033: 18031: 18030: 18025: 18020: 18015: 18010: 18005: 18000: 17999: 17998: 17989: 17980: 17971: 17956: 17954: 17948: 17947: 17944: 17943: 17941: 17940: 17935: 17930: 17925: 17920: 17915: 17909: 17907: 17900: 17899: 17894: 17889: 17884: 17879: 17874: 17869: 17864: 17858: 17856: 17850: 17849: 17847: 17846: 17841: 17839:Gaelic culture 17835: 17833: 17829: 17828: 17826: 17825: 17820: 17818:Highland dress 17815: 17810: 17804: 17802: 17798: 17797: 17795: 17794: 17789: 17784: 17782:Pictish stones 17779: 17774: 17769: 17764: 17759: 17754: 17749: 17744: 17739: 17738: 17737: 17727: 17721: 17719: 17713: 17712: 17710: 17709: 17704: 17699: 17694: 17689: 17684: 17678: 17676: 17672: 17671: 17669: 17668: 17663: 17658: 17653: 17648: 17643: 17638: 17633: 17628: 17623: 17618: 17613: 17608: 17602: 17600: 17590: 17589: 17579: 17578: 17575: 17574: 17571: 17570: 17567: 17566: 17564: 17563: 17558: 17553: 17547: 17545: 17541: 17540: 17538: 17537: 17525: 17513: 17501: 17489: 17477: 17464: 17462: 17452: 17443: 17442: 17441: 17440: 17435: 17425: 17420: 17419: 17418: 17408: 17407: 17406: 17401: 17396: 17386: 17384:Celtic nations 17381: 17379:Celtic Revival 17375: 17372: 17371: 17359: 17358: 17355: 17354: 17352: 17351: 17346: 17336: 17331: 17326: 17321: 17316: 17311: 17306: 17301: 17296: 17291: 17286: 17281: 17276: 17271: 17266: 17261: 17256: 17251: 17246: 17241: 17235: 17233: 17229: 17228: 17226: 17225: 17220: 17215: 17210: 17205: 17200: 17194: 17192: 17188: 17187: 17185: 17184: 17179: 17174: 17169: 17164: 17159: 17154: 17149: 17147:Celtic Animism 17144: 17142:Celtic deities 17139: 17134: 17128: 17126: 17122: 17121: 17119: 17118: 17113: 17108: 17103: 17101:Cisalpine Gaul 17098: 17097: 17096: 17091: 17073: 17064: 17039: 17030: 17028:Gaelic Ireland 17024: 17022: 17018: 17017: 17005: 17004: 16997: 16995: 16992: 16991: 16989: 16988: 16983: 16978: 16973: 16968: 16963: 16958: 16953: 16948: 16943: 16938: 16933: 16928: 16926:Manx Americans 16923: 16918: 16913: 16908: 16903: 16901:Irish Chileans 16898: 16893: 16888: 16883: 16878: 16873: 16868: 16866:English people 16863: 16858: 16853: 16848: 16843: 16837: 16835: 16831: 16830: 16828: 16827: 16825:Welsh diaspora 16822: 16817: 16815:Irish diaspora 16812: 16806: 16804: 16800: 16799: 16797: 16796: 16795: 16794: 16793: 16792: 16781: 16776: 16775: 16774: 16758: 16753: 16748: 16742: 16740: 16734: 16733: 16731: 16730: 16725: 16720: 16715: 16710: 16705: 16700: 16695: 16690: 16685: 16680: 16675: 16669: 16667: 16655: 16654: 16642: 16641: 16622:Celtic studies 16614:Celtic nations 16612: 16609: 16608: 16597: 16596: 16589: 16582: 16574: 16565: 16564: 16550: 16547: 16546: 16543: 16542: 16539: 16538: 16536: 16535: 16530: 16525: 16516: 16507: 16498: 16493: 16488: 16483: 16478: 16473: 16471:Heritage Sites 16468: 16463: 16458: 16452: 16450: 16446: 16445: 16443: 16442: 16437: 16432: 16427: 16422: 16421: 16420: 16410: 16405: 16398: 16392: 16390: 16384: 16383: 16381: 16380: 16375: 16370: 16365: 16360: 16355: 16350: 16345: 16340: 16335: 16329: 16327: 16321: 16320: 16318: 16317: 16312: 16307: 16302: 16297: 16295:Irish diaspora 16292: 16287: 16286: 16285: 16283:Gaelic Ireland 16275: 16269: 16267: 16261: 16260: 16258: 16257: 16252: 16245: 16238: 16231: 16224: 16217: 16210: 16209: 16208: 16203: 16198: 16193: 16182: 16180: 16174: 16173: 16171: 16170: 16165: 16160: 16155: 16154: 16153: 16143: 16136: 16130: 16128: 16122: 16121: 16119: 16118: 16113: 16108: 16103: 16096: 16091: 16085: 16083: 16077: 16076: 16074: 16073: 16068: 16063: 16058: 16052: 16050: 16044: 16043: 16041: 16040: 16035: 16026: 16024:Rose of Tralee 16021: 16016: 16011: 16006: 16001: 15995: 15993: 15989: 15988: 15986: 15985: 15980: 15975: 15968: 15962: 15960: 15954: 15953: 15950: 15949: 15947: 15946: 15941: 15936: 15931: 15926: 15921: 15916: 15910: 15908: 15904: 15903: 15901: 15900: 15895: 15890: 15885: 15880: 15875: 15870: 15865: 15860: 15855: 15850: 15845: 15840: 15835: 15833:List of dishes 15829: 15827: 15820: 15810: 15809: 15797: 15796: 15793: 15792: 15789: 15788: 15786: 15785: 15780: 15775: 15774: 15773: 15763: 15758: 15753: 15752: 15751: 15749:D'Hondt method 15740: 15738: 15732: 15731: 15729: 15728: 15723: 15722: 15721: 15716: 15710:Seanad Éireann 15706: 15686: 15681: 15676: 15675: 15674: 15664: 15659: 15654: 15649: 15643: 15641: 15635: 15634: 15632: 15631: 15626: 15621: 15616: 15610: 15608: 15600: 15599: 15587: 15586: 15583: 15582: 15579: 15578: 15576: 15575: 15570: 15565: 15560: 15555: 15550: 15545: 15540: 15531: 15526: 15521: 15520: 15519: 15514: 15503: 15501: 15497: 15496: 15494: 15493: 15484: 15483: 15482: 15472: 15467: 15462: 15457: 15452: 15450:Extreme points 15447: 15442: 15440:Climate change 15437: 15431: 15429: 15421: 15420: 15408: 15407: 15404: 15403: 15400: 15399: 15397: 15396: 15391: 15386: 15381: 15376: 15371: 15365: 15363: 15359: 15358: 15356: 15355: 15350: 15345: 15340: 15335: 15330: 15325: 15320: 15315: 15310: 15305: 15300: 15295: 15290: 15285: 15280: 15275: 15270: 15265: 15260: 15258:1803 Rebellion 15255: 15250: 15248:1798 Rebellion 15245: 15240: 15235: 15233:Williamite War 15230: 15221: 15215:1641 Rebellion 15212: 15207: 15202: 15197: 15195:Spanish Armada 15192: 15187: 15185:Tudor conquest 15182: 15177: 15175:Bruce campaign 15172: 15167: 15153: 15151: 15147: 15146: 15144: 15143: 15138: 15133: 15132: 15131: 15121: 15120:(1921–present) 15115: 15110: 15108:Irish Republic 15105: 15104: 15103: 15093: 15092: 15091: 15086: 15076: 15075: 15074: 15069: 15067:800–1169 15058:Gaelic Ireland 15055: 15050: 15045: 15039: 15037: 15027: 15026: 15014: 15013: 15011: 15010: 15002: 14993: 14990: 14989: 14979: 14978: 14971: 14964: 14956: 14950: 14949: 14944: 14939: 14927: 14926:External links 14924: 14922: 14921: 14915: 14898: 14880: 14861: 14845: 14839: 14816: 14798: 14778: 14760: 14738: 14732: 14715: 14698: 14692: 14664: 14657: 14639: 14624: 14618: 14599: 14593: 14587:. p. 94. 14576: 14571:Daly, Mary E. 14569: 14551: 14532: 14525: 14519: 14502: 14497:Beckett, J.C. 14495: 14489: 14465: 14463: 14460: 14457: 14456: 14424: 14392: 14361: 14335: 14324:on 29 May 2014 14305: 14275: 14249: 14223: 14193: 14161: 14135: 14104: 14087:Fáilte Ireland 14067: 14063:National Trust 14043: 14026:World Heritage 14013: 13996:World Heritage 13983: 13951: 13929: 13906: 13880: 13854: 13819: 13784: 13753: 13721: 13688: 13655: 13636: 13616: 13586: 13579: 13561: 13530: 13523: 13505: 13498: 13474: 13467: 13443: 13436: 13412: 13405: 13381: 13352:(3): 160–161. 13332: 13317: 13310: 13281: 13255: 13229: 13198: 13172: 13142: 13108: 13082: 13052: 13022: 12996: 12963: 12933: 12897: 12859: 12833: 12807: 12772: 12741: 12715: 12684: 12658: 12626: 12596: 12566: 12531: 12522:|website= 12492: 12464: 12434: 12404: 12378: 12342: 12325:NobelPrize.org 12311: 12270: 12263: 12239: 12213: 12181: 12162: 12142: 12135: 12117: 12092: 12079: 12058: 12043: 12017: 11991: 11984: 11964: 11938: 11908: 11901: 11883: 11845: 11812: 11776: 11741: 11720: 11687: 11657: 11626: 11608:Irish Examiner 11594: 11561: 11542: 11522: 11486: 11453: 11444: 11413: 11393: 11363: 11333: 11312:"NI by County" 11303: 11273: 11266: 11248: 11221: 11185: 11166:on 11 May 2011 11158:Seanad Éireann 11151:National Parks 11137: 11107: 11077: 11041: 11024:"Biodiversity" 11015: 11000: 10985: 10974:on 19 May 2011 10954: 10939:Native Species 10931: 10913: 10890: 10858: 10825: 10795: 10782: 10749: 10723: 10690: 10654: 10618: 10600:Irish Examiner 10586: 10579: 10561: 10531: 10500: 10470: 10434: 10404: 10378: 10363: 10330: 10294: 10265: 10233: 10203: 10168: 10151: 10107: 10077: 10051: 10018: 9992: 9985: 9962: 9955: 9932: 9906: 9887: 9864: 9841: 9815: 9767: 9734: 9721: 9715:R. F. Foster, 9708: 9689: 9666: 9659: 9641: 9634: 9610: 9603: 9585: 9569: 9542: 9507: 9500: 9482: 9465:History Review 9446: 9439: 9418: 9411: 9393: 9360: 9327: 9297: 9267: 9252: 9237: 9230: 9212: 9193: 9173: 9143: 9136: 9115: 9108: 9087: 9080: 9046: 9039: 9021: 8995: 8969: 8962: 8941: 8931: 8917:Modern Ireland 8902: 8872: 8837: 8801: 8794: 8776: 8769: 8751: 8717: 8710: 8692: 8685: 8667: 8660: 8636: 8603: 8573: 8537: 8530: 8508: 8476: 8469: 8449: 8442: 8421: 8414: 8392: 8369: 8341: 8312: 8286: 8273: 8240: 8189: 8168: 8153: 8134: 8128:. p. 65. 8110: 8087:Hay, Maciamo. 8079: 8056:10.1086/424697 8050:(4): 693–702. 8028: 8001: 7974: 7965: 7956: 7944: 7917: 7902: 7888: 7868: 7823: 7791: 7784: 7759: 7742:"Céide Fields" 7732: 7693: 7686: 7668: 7637: 7620:Irish Examiner 7606: 7576: 7549: 7526: 7481:Marine Geology 7464: 7427: 7408: 7386: 7346: 7316: 7288: 7260: 7232: 7189: 7187: 7186: 7165: 7132: 7096: 7064: 7034: 7008: 6988:Planningni.gov 6972: 6958: 6899: 6863: 6811: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6767: 6766: 6751: 6738: 6728: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6615:Main article: 6612: 6609: 6597:Ashford Castle 6520:Blarney Castle 6508:Rock of Cashel 6479:There are two 6473:Main article: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6461: 6460: 6453: 6446: 6421:land-ownership 6417:trade barriers 6408:Main article: 6405: 6402: 6398: 6397: 6394: 6391: 6387: 6386: 6383: 6380: 6376: 6375: 6372: 6369: 6361: 6356: 6353: 6349: 6348: 6345: 6344:£14.4 billion 6342: 6338: 6337: 6334: 6331: 6327: 6326: 6323: 6320: 6312: 6308: 6307: 6304: 6303:£12.8 billion 6301: 6297: 6296: 6293: 6290: 6286: 6285: 6282: 6279: 6271: 6265: 6262: 6259: 6258: 6255: 6252: 6249: 6245: 6244: 6241: 6238: 6235: 6231: 6230: 6227: 6221: 6215: 6202: 6199: 6191:pound sterling 6166: 6163: 6107:cream liqueurs 5995:breakfast roll 5967:Gubbeen cheese 5956:Main article: 5953: 5952:Food and drink 5950: 5946:Coarse fishing 5892: 5889: 5840:2006 Ryder Cup 5776: 5773: 5732:Main article: 5729: 5726: 5578:Paul O'Connell 5470: 5467: 5394:Main article: 5391: 5388: 5293:Bell's Theorem 5230:induction coil 5218:Tyndall effect 5167: 5164: 5134:An Taibhdhearc 5120:Main article: 5117: 5114: 5072:Art of Ireland 5067: 5064: 5062:among others. 4995:the Chieftains 4917: 4914: 4844:Samuel Beckett 4785:Jonathan Swift 4746:Gaelic revival 4694:Main article: 4691: 4688: 4675: 4672: 4624:Celtic nations 4586: 4583: 4501:Gaelic Revival 4445:Main article: 4442: 4439: 4420:Irish diaspora 4411: 4408: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4384: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4365: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4346: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4327: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4308: 4304: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4289: 4285: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4270: 4266: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4250: 4246: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4230: 4226: 4225: 4222: 4219: 4216: 4209: 4205: 4204: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4163: 4160: 4136: 4135: 4120:Butler dynasty 4097:Roman Catholic 4074:no longer used 4014:four provinces 4000: 3999: 3991: 3990: 3983: 3982: 3975: 3974: 3967: 3966: 3959: 3958: 3951: 3950: 3943: 3942: 3935: 3934: 3928: 3927: 3926: 3910: 3907: 3697:aithechthúatha 3569: 3566: 3538: 3535: 3527:Boreal Kingdom 3490:Ulex europaeus 3480:Ulex europaeus 3402:trees such as 3358:apex predators 3334:Cervus elaphus 3248: 3245: 3241: 3240: 3236: 3235: 3226: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3156: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3086: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3042: 3041: 3035: 2973:Main article: 2970: 2967: 2887:County Wexford 2855:County Donegal 2832:Main article: 2829: 2826: 2723:Main article: 2720: 2717: 2664: 2661: 2613:, seat of the 2596:Main article: 2593: 2590: 2570:GDP per capita 2539:Seanad Éireann 2479:Main article: 2476: 2473: 2432: 2429: 2369:united Ireland 2345:gerrymandering 2283: 2280: 2263:European Union 2261:. In addition 2220:, but offered 2192:Irish counties 2165: 2162: 2122:Main article: 2119: 2116: 2096:Irish Republic 2045:and supported 2030:Home Rule Bill 1949:County Leitrim 1862:Main article: 1859: 1856: 1855: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1827:Battle of Naas 1824: 1772:Main article: 1769: 1768:1798 Rebellion 1766: 1750:famine of 1740 1676:Williamite War 1612:Main article: 1609: 1606: 1568: 1565: 1505:In 1172, Pope 1485:Synod of Kells 1422:County Wexford 1404:, the largest 1369: 1366: 1097:Main article: 1094: 1091: 1000:Beaker culture 990: 987: 867:Main article: 864: 861: 856:Main article: 853: 850: 810: 807: 772:Irish language 746:European Union 718:United Kingdom 690:Tudor conquest 661:Gaelic Ireland 627:United Kingdom 482: 481: 479: 478: 471: 470: 465: 459: 456: 454: 444: 443: 441: 440: 429: 427: 421: 420: 416: 415: 413: 412: 409: 402: 396: 390: 384: 377: 375: 371: 370: 369: 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 336: 332: 331: 328: 324: 323: 320: 314: 313: 310: 306: 305: 302: 298: 297: 293: 292: 286: 282: 281: 276: 270: 269: 266:United Kingdom 264: 261: 260: 254: 250: 249: 242: 239: 238: 237:Administration 234: 233: 228: 224: 223: 220: 216: 215: 212: 208: 207: 204: 198: 197: 194: 190: 189: 188:Atlantic Ocean 186: 180: 179: 174: 170: 169: 137: 133: 132: 129: 125: 124: 120: 119: 104: 103: 95: 94: 92:, October 2010 88: 80: 79: 76: 75: 59: 43: 42: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 19520: 19509: 19506: 19504: 19501: 19499: 19498:British Isles 19496: 19494: 19491: 19490: 19488: 19469: 19466: 19464: 19461: 19459: 19456: 19454: 19451: 19449: 19446: 19444: 19441: 19439: 19436: 19434: 19431: 19429: 19426: 19424: 19421: 19419: 19416: 19414: 19411: 19410: 19408: 19404: 19394: 19391: 19389: 19386: 19384: 19381: 19379: 19376: 19375: 19373: 19369: 19363: 19360: 19358: 19355: 19353: 19350: 19348: 19345: 19343: 19340: 19339: 19337: 19335: 19331: 19325: 19322: 19320: 19317: 19315: 19312: 19310: 19307: 19305: 19302: 19301: 19299: 19297: 19293: 19287: 19284: 19282: 19279: 19278: 19276: 19274: 19270: 19267: 19263: 19260: 19256: 19246: 19243: 19241: 19238: 19236: 19233: 19231: 19228: 19224: 19221: 19220: 19219: 19216: 19214: 19211: 19210: 19208: 19206:Former states 19204: 19198: 19195: 19193: 19190: 19188: 19185: 19181: 19178: 19176: 19173: 19171: 19168: 19166: 19163: 19162: 19161: 19158: 19156: 19153: 19152: 19150: 19146: 19140: 19137: 19136: 19134: 19132:Island groups 19130: 19127: 19124: 19119: 19115: 19103: 19100: 19098: 19095: 19093: 19090: 19089: 19088: 19085: 19083: 19080: 19078: 19075: 19073: 19070: 19068: 19065: 19064: 19062: 19058: 19052: 19049: 19045: 19042: 19040: 19037: 19036: 19035: 19032: 19030: 19027: 19025: 19022: 19018: 19015: 19013: 19010: 19009: 19008: 19005: 19003: 19002:Great Britain 19000: 18998: 18995: 18993: 18990: 18989: 18987: 18985:Island groups 18983: 18980: 18976: 18966: 18963: 18961: 18958: 18956: 18953: 18951: 18948: 18946: 18943: 18942: 18940: 18936: 18930: 18927: 18925: 18922: 18920: 18917: 18916: 18914: 18912: 18908: 18901: 18898: 18896: 18893: 18891: 18888: 18886: 18882: 18879: 18877: 18874: 18873: 18871: 18869: 18865: 18862: 18858: 18850: 18847: 18845: 18842: 18840: 18837: 18835: 18832: 18830: 18827: 18825: 18822: 18820: 18817: 18816: 18815: 18812: 18810: 18807: 18806: 18803: 18799: 18798:British Isles 18792: 18787: 18785: 18780: 18778: 18773: 18772: 18769: 18756: 18752: 18750: 18747: 18746: 18743: 18733: 18732:– in Portugal 18730: 18728: 18725: 18723: 18720: 18718: 18715: 18713: 18712:– in Galician 18710: 18708: 18705: 18703: 18700: 18698: 18695: 18693: 18690: 18689: 18686: 18679: 18675: 18665: 18662: 18660: 18657: 18655: 18652: 18650: 18647: 18645: 18642: 18640: 18637: 18635: 18632: 18630: 18627: 18625: 18622: 18621: 18619: 18617: 18613: 18607: 18604: 18601: 18598: 18596: 18593: 18592: 18590: 18588: 18584: 18580: 18576: 18571: 18567: 18553: 18550: 18548: 18545: 18543: 18540: 18539: 18537: 18534: 18530: 18524: 18521: 18519: 18516: 18514: 18511: 18509: 18506: 18504: 18501: 18499: 18496: 18494: 18491: 18489: 18486: 18484: 18481: 18479: 18476: 18474: 18471: 18469: 18466: 18464: 18461: 18460: 18458: 18456: 18452: 18449: 18447: 18443: 18437: 18434: 18432: 18429: 18427: 18424: 18423: 18421: 18419: 18415: 18409: 18406: 18404: 18401: 18399: 18396: 18395: 18393: 18391: 18387: 18381: 18378: 18376: 18373: 18371: 18368: 18367: 18365: 18363: 18359: 18355: 18350: 18346: 18336: 18333: 18331: 18328: 18326: 18323: 18321: 18318: 18316: 18313: 18311: 18310:Celtic League 18308: 18307: 18305: 18303: 18302:Pan-Celticism 18299: 18293: 18289: 18286: 18284: 18281: 18279: 18276: 18274: 18271: 18270: 18268: 18264: 18258: 18255: 18253: 18250: 18248: 18245: 18244: 18242: 18238: 18230: 18227: 18226: 18225: 18222: 18218: 18215: 18214: 18213: 18210: 18208: 18205: 18203: 18200: 18198: 18195: 18191: 18188: 18187: 18186: 18183: 18179: 18178:reunification 18176: 18174: 18171: 18170: 18169: 18166: 18165: 18163: 18159: 18152: 18148: 18134: 18131: 18129: 18126: 18124: 18121: 18119: 18116: 18114: 18111: 18109: 18106: 18104: 18101: 18099: 18096: 18093: 18089: 18086: 18084: 18081: 18079: 18076: 18074: 18071: 18069: 18068: 18064: 18062: 18059: 18057: 18054: 18052: 18051: 18047: 18045: 18042: 18041: 18039: 18035: 18029: 18026: 18024: 18021: 18019: 18016: 18014: 18011: 18009: 18006: 18004: 18001: 17997: 17993: 17990: 17988: 17984: 17981: 17979: 17975: 17972: 17970: 17966: 17963: 17962: 17961: 17958: 17957: 17955: 17953: 17949: 17939: 17936: 17934: 17931: 17929: 17926: 17924: 17921: 17919: 17916: 17914: 17911: 17910: 17908: 17904: 17898: 17895: 17893: 17890: 17888: 17885: 17883: 17880: 17878: 17875: 17873: 17870: 17868: 17865: 17863: 17860: 17859: 17857: 17855: 17851: 17845: 17842: 17840: 17837: 17836: 17834: 17830: 17824: 17821: 17819: 17816: 17814: 17811: 17809: 17806: 17805: 17803: 17799: 17793: 17792:Triple spiral 17790: 17788: 17785: 17783: 17780: 17778: 17775: 17773: 17770: 17768: 17765: 17763: 17760: 17758: 17755: 17753: 17750: 17748: 17745: 17743: 17740: 17736: 17733: 17732: 17731: 17728: 17726: 17723: 17722: 17720: 17718: 17714: 17708: 17705: 17703: 17700: 17698: 17695: 17693: 17690: 17688: 17685: 17683: 17680: 17679: 17677: 17673: 17667: 17664: 17662: 17659: 17657: 17654: 17652: 17649: 17647: 17644: 17642: 17639: 17637: 17634: 17632: 17629: 17627: 17624: 17622: 17619: 17617: 17614: 17612: 17611:Bardic Poetry 17609: 17607: 17604: 17603: 17601: 17599: 17595: 17591: 17584: 17580: 17562: 17559: 17557: 17554: 17552: 17549: 17548: 17546: 17542: 17534: 17529: 17526: 17522: 17517: 17514: 17510: 17505: 17502: 17498: 17493: 17490: 17486: 17481: 17478: 17474: 17469: 17466: 17465: 17463: 17460: 17459:Celtic League 17456: 17453: 17451: 17447: 17439: 17436: 17434: 17431: 17430: 17429: 17426: 17424: 17421: 17417: 17414: 17413: 17412: 17409: 17405: 17402: 17400: 17399:Celtic League 17397: 17395: 17392: 17391: 17390: 17389:Pan-Celticism 17387: 17385: 17382: 17380: 17377: 17376: 17373: 17369: 17364: 17360: 17350: 17347: 17344: 17340: 17337: 17335: 17332: 17330: 17327: 17325: 17322: 17320: 17317: 17315: 17312: 17310: 17307: 17305: 17302: 17300: 17297: 17295: 17292: 17290: 17289:Gaelicisation 17287: 17285: 17282: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17270: 17267: 17265: 17264:Celticisation 17262: 17260: 17257: 17255: 17252: 17250: 17247: 17245: 17242: 17240: 17237: 17236: 17234: 17230: 17224: 17221: 17219: 17216: 17214: 17211: 17209: 17206: 17204: 17201: 17199: 17196: 17195: 17193: 17189: 17183: 17180: 17178: 17175: 17173: 17170: 17168: 17165: 17163: 17160: 17158: 17155: 17153: 17150: 17148: 17145: 17143: 17140: 17138: 17135: 17133: 17130: 17129: 17127: 17123: 17117: 17114: 17112: 17109: 17107: 17104: 17102: 17099: 17095: 17092: 17090: 17086: 17082: 17079: 17078: 17077: 17074: 17072: 17068: 17067:Iron Age Gaul 17065: 17063: 17059: 17055: 17051: 17050:Roman Britain 17047: 17043: 17040: 17038: 17034: 17031: 17029: 17026: 17025: 17023: 17019: 17015: 17010: 17006: 17001: 16987: 16984: 16982: 16979: 16977: 16974: 16972: 16969: 16967: 16964: 16962: 16959: 16957: 16954: 16952: 16949: 16947: 16944: 16942: 16939: 16937: 16934: 16932: 16929: 16927: 16924: 16922: 16919: 16917: 16914: 16912: 16909: 16907: 16906:Irish Mexican 16904: 16902: 16899: 16897: 16894: 16892: 16889: 16887: 16884: 16882: 16879: 16877: 16874: 16872: 16869: 16867: 16864: 16862: 16859: 16857: 16854: 16852: 16849: 16847: 16844: 16842: 16839: 16838: 16836: 16832: 16826: 16823: 16821: 16818: 16816: 16813: 16811: 16808: 16807: 16805: 16801: 16791: 16787: 16786: 16785: 16782: 16780: 16777: 16773: 16769: 16768: 16767: 16764: 16763: 16762: 16759: 16757: 16754: 16752: 16749: 16747: 16744: 16743: 16741: 16739: 16735: 16729: 16726: 16724: 16721: 16719: 16716: 16714: 16711: 16709: 16706: 16704: 16701: 16699: 16696: 16694: 16691: 16689: 16686: 16684: 16681: 16679: 16676: 16674: 16671: 16670: 16668: 16665: 16660: 16656: 16652: 16647: 16643: 16639: 16635: 16631: 16630:Celtic tribes 16627: 16623: 16619: 16615: 16610: 16606: 16602: 16595: 16590: 16588: 16583: 16581: 16576: 16575: 16572: 16562: 16561: 16548: 16534: 16531: 16529: 16528:Public houses 16526: 16524: 16520: 16517: 16515: 16511: 16508: 16506: 16502: 16499: 16497: 16494: 16492: 16489: 16487: 16484: 16482: 16479: 16477: 16474: 16472: 16469: 16467: 16464: 16462: 16459: 16457: 16454: 16453: 16451: 16447: 16441: 16438: 16436: 16433: 16431: 16428: 16426: 16423: 16419: 16416: 16415: 16414: 16411: 16409: 16406: 16404: 16403: 16399: 16397: 16394: 16393: 16391: 16389: 16385: 16379: 16376: 16374: 16371: 16369: 16366: 16364: 16361: 16359: 16356: 16354: 16351: 16349: 16346: 16344: 16341: 16339: 16336: 16334: 16331: 16330: 16328: 16326: 16322: 16316: 16313: 16311: 16308: 16306: 16303: 16301: 16298: 16296: 16293: 16291: 16288: 16284: 16281: 16280: 16279: 16276: 16274: 16271: 16270: 16268: 16266: 16262: 16256: 16253: 16251: 16250: 16246: 16244: 16243: 16239: 16237: 16236: 16232: 16230: 16229: 16225: 16223: 16222: 16218: 16216: 16215: 16211: 16207: 16204: 16202: 16199: 16197: 16194: 16192: 16189: 16188: 16187: 16184: 16183: 16181: 16179: 16175: 16169: 16166: 16164: 16161: 16159: 16156: 16152: 16149: 16148: 16147: 16144: 16142: 16141: 16137: 16135: 16132: 16131: 16129: 16127: 16123: 16117: 16114: 16112: 16109: 16107: 16104: 16102: 16101: 16097: 16095: 16092: 16090: 16087: 16086: 16084: 16082: 16078: 16072: 16069: 16067: 16064: 16062: 16059: 16057: 16054: 16053: 16051: 16049: 16045: 16039: 16036: 16034: 16030: 16027: 16025: 16022: 16020: 16017: 16015: 16012: 16010: 16007: 16005: 16002: 16000: 15997: 15996: 15994: 15990: 15984: 15981: 15979: 15976: 15974: 15973: 15969: 15967: 15964: 15963: 15961: 15959: 15955: 15945: 15942: 15940: 15937: 15935: 15932: 15930: 15927: 15925: 15922: 15920: 15917: 15915: 15912: 15911: 15909: 15905: 15899: 15896: 15894: 15891: 15889: 15886: 15884: 15881: 15879: 15876: 15874: 15871: 15869: 15866: 15864: 15861: 15859: 15856: 15854: 15851: 15849: 15846: 15844: 15841: 15839: 15836: 15834: 15831: 15830: 15828: 15824: 15821: 15819: 15815: 15811: 15807: 15802: 15798: 15784: 15783:Peace process 15781: 15779: 15776: 15772: 15769: 15768: 15767: 15764: 15762: 15759: 15757: 15754: 15750: 15747: 15746: 15745: 15742: 15741: 15739: 15737: 15733: 15727: 15724: 15720: 15717: 15715: 15713:(upper house) 15711: 15707: 15705: 15703:(lower house) 15701: 15697: 15696: 15695: 15691: 15687: 15685: 15682: 15680: 15677: 15673: 15670: 15669: 15668: 15665: 15663: 15660: 15658: 15655: 15653: 15650: 15648: 15645: 15644: 15642: 15640: 15636: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15619:Republicanism 15617: 15615: 15612: 15611: 15609: 15605: 15601: 15597: 15592: 15588: 15574: 15571: 15569: 15566: 15564: 15561: 15559: 15556: 15554: 15551: 15549: 15546: 15544: 15541: 15539: 15535: 15532: 15530: 15527: 15525: 15522: 15518: 15515: 15513: 15510: 15509: 15508: 15505: 15504: 15502: 15498: 15492: 15488: 15485: 15481: 15478: 15477: 15476: 15473: 15471: 15468: 15466: 15463: 15461: 15458: 15456: 15453: 15451: 15448: 15446: 15443: 15441: 15438: 15436: 15433: 15432: 15430: 15426: 15422: 15418: 15413: 15409: 15395: 15392: 15390: 15387: 15385: 15382: 15380: 15377: 15375: 15372: 15370: 15367: 15366: 15364: 15360: 15354: 15351: 15349: 15346: 15344: 15341: 15339: 15336: 15334: 15333:Peace process 15331: 15329: 15326: 15324: 15321: 15319: 15316: 15314: 15313:The Emergency 15311: 15309: 15306: 15304: 15301: 15299: 15296: 15294: 15293:Easter Rising 15291: 15289: 15286: 15284: 15281: 15279: 15278:Fenian Rising 15276: 15274: 15271: 15269: 15266: 15264: 15261: 15259: 15256: 15254: 15251: 15249: 15246: 15244: 15241: 15239: 15236: 15234: 15231: 15229: 15225: 15222: 15220: 15216: 15213: 15211: 15208: 15206: 15203: 15201: 15198: 15196: 15193: 15191: 15188: 15186: 15183: 15181: 15178: 15176: 15173: 15171: 15168: 15166: 15162: 15158: 15155: 15154: 15152: 15148: 15142: 15139: 15137: 15134: 15130: 15127: 15126: 15125: 15122: 15119: 15116: 15114: 15111: 15109: 15106: 15102: 15099: 15098: 15097: 15094: 15090: 15087: 15085: 15082: 15081: 15080: 15077: 15073: 15070: 15068: 15065: 15064: 15063: 15059: 15056: 15054: 15053:Early history 15051: 15049: 15046: 15044: 15041: 15040: 15038: 15036: 15032: 15028: 15024: 15019: 15015: 15009: 15006: 15003: 15001: 14998: 14995: 14994: 14991: 14987: 14984: 14977: 14972: 14970: 14965: 14963: 14958: 14957: 14954: 14948: 14945: 14943: 14940: 14938: 14930: 14929: 14918: 14912: 14908: 14904: 14899: 14887: 14883: 14877: 14873: 14869: 14868: 14862: 14858: 14854: 14850: 14846: 14842: 14836: 14832: 14828: 14824: 14823: 14817: 14805: 14801: 14795: 14791: 14790: 14784: 14779: 14767: 14763: 14757: 14753: 14749: 14748: 14743: 14739: 14735: 14729: 14725: 14721: 14716: 14714: 14710: 14707: 14703: 14699: 14695: 14689: 14685: 14681: 14680:Penguin Books 14676: 14675: 14669: 14665: 14662: 14658: 14646: 14642: 14636: 14632: 14631: 14625: 14621: 14615: 14611: 14607: 14606: 14600: 14596: 14590: 14586: 14582: 14577: 14574: 14570: 14558: 14554: 14548: 14544: 14540: 14539: 14533: 14530: 14526: 14522: 14516: 14512: 14508: 14503: 14500: 14496: 14492: 14486: 14482: 14478: 14474: 14473: 14467: 14466: 14441: 14434: 14428: 14409: 14402: 14396: 14381: 14377: 14373: 14372: 14365: 14349: 14345: 14339: 14323: 14319: 14315: 14309: 14293: 14289: 14285: 14279: 14263: 14259: 14253: 14237: 14233: 14227: 14211: 14207: 14203: 14197: 14181: 14177: 14176: 14171: 14165: 14149: 14145: 14139: 14123: 14119: 14115: 14108: 14092: 14088: 14084: 14078: 14076: 14074: 14072: 14064: 14060: 14056: 14053: 14047: 14031: 14027: 14023: 14017: 14001: 13997: 13993: 13987: 13980: 13968: 13964: 13963: 13955: 13948: 13936: 13932: 13926: 13922: 13921: 13916: 13910: 13894: 13890: 13884: 13868: 13864: 13858: 13839: 13832: 13826: 13824: 13807: 13803: 13799: 13793: 13791: 13789: 13772: 13768: 13762: 13760: 13758: 13738: 13731: 13725: 13709: 13705: 13699: 13697: 13695: 13693: 13676: 13672: 13668: 13662: 13660: 13643: 13639: 13633: 13629: 13628: 13620: 13604: 13600: 13593: 13591: 13582: 13576: 13572: 13565: 13549: 13545: 13541: 13534: 13526: 13524:9780415070911 13520: 13516: 13509: 13501: 13495: 13491: 13487: 13486: 13478: 13470: 13464: 13460: 13456: 13455: 13447: 13439: 13433: 13429: 13425: 13424: 13416: 13408: 13402: 13398: 13394: 13393: 13385: 13376: 13371: 13367: 13363: 13359: 13355: 13351: 13347: 13343: 13336: 13328: 13321: 13313: 13307: 13303: 13296: 13294: 13292: 13290: 13288: 13286: 13269: 13265: 13259: 13243: 13239: 13233: 13217: 13213: 13209: 13202: 13186: 13182: 13176: 13160: 13156: 13152: 13146: 13130: 13126: 13122: 13118: 13112: 13096: 13092: 13086: 13070: 13066: 13062: 13056: 13040: 13036: 13032: 13026: 13010: 13006: 13000: 12981: 12974: 12967: 12951: 12947: 12943: 12937: 12921: 12916: 12911: 12907: 12901: 12885: 12880: 12879: 12873: 12869: 12863: 12847: 12843: 12837: 12821: 12817: 12811: 12795: 12791: 12787: 12781: 12779: 12777: 12769: 12758: 12757: 12752: 12745: 12729: 12725: 12719: 12703: 12699: 12695: 12688: 12672: 12668: 12662: 12643: 12636: 12630: 12614: 12610: 12606: 12600: 12584: 12580: 12576: 12570: 12551: 12544: 12538: 12536: 12527: 12515: 12499: 12495: 12493:9789280534320 12489: 12485: 12481: 12477: 12476: 12468: 12452: 12448: 12444: 12438: 12422: 12418: 12414: 12408: 12392: 12388: 12382: 12363: 12359: 12358: 12357:Physics World 12353: 12346: 12330: 12326: 12322: 12315: 12296: 12292: 12288: 12281: 12274: 12266: 12260: 12256: 12252: 12251: 12243: 12227: 12223: 12217: 12201: 12196: 12191: 12185: 12169: 12165: 12159: 12155: 12154: 12146: 12138: 12132: 12128: 12121: 12114: 12110: 12106: 12102: 12096: 12089: 12083: 12076: 12075:0-7524-3129-3 12072: 12068: 12062: 12054: 12047: 12031: 12027: 12021: 12005: 12001: 11995: 11987: 11981: 11977: 11976: 11968: 11952: 11948: 11942: 11926: 11922: 11918: 11912: 11904: 11898: 11894: 11887: 11871: 11866: 11865: 11859: 11855: 11849: 11833: 11829: 11828: 11823: 11816: 11797: 11793: 11786: 11780: 11764: 11760: 11756: 11752: 11745: 11739: 11735: 11732: 11731: 11724: 11708: 11704: 11703: 11698: 11691: 11675: 11671: 11667: 11661: 11645: 11641: 11637: 11630: 11614: 11610: 11609: 11604: 11598: 11582: 11578: 11577: 11572: 11565: 11549: 11545: 11539: 11535: 11534: 11526: 11510: 11506: 11505: 11500: 11496: 11490: 11474: 11470: 11469: 11464: 11457: 11448: 11432: 11428: 11424: 11417: 11410: 11406: 11403: 11397: 11381: 11377: 11373: 11367: 11351: 11347: 11343: 11337: 11321: 11317: 11313: 11307: 11291: 11287: 11283: 11277: 11269: 11263: 11259: 11252: 11236: 11232: 11225: 11209: 11205: 11204: 11199: 11192: 11190: 11181: 11180: 11165: 11160: 11159: 11153: 11152: 11147: 11141: 11125: 11121: 11117: 11111: 11095: 11091: 11087: 11081: 11062: 11058: 11051: 11045: 11029: 11025: 11019: 11011: 11004: 10996: 10989: 10973: 10969: 10965: 10958: 10951: 10947: 10943: 10940: 10935: 10920: 10916: 10910: 10906: 10902: 10901: 10894: 10878: 10874: 10873: 10868: 10862: 10843: 10836: 10829: 10813: 10809: 10805: 10799: 10792: 10786: 10770: 10766: 10765: 10760: 10753: 10737: 10733: 10727: 10711: 10707: 10706: 10701: 10694: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10664: 10658: 10642: 10637: 10632: 10628: 10622: 10606: 10602: 10601: 10596: 10590: 10582: 10576: 10572: 10565: 10549: 10545: 10541: 10535: 10519: 10515: 10511: 10504: 10488: 10484: 10480: 10474: 10455: 10451: 10444: 10438: 10422: 10418: 10414: 10408: 10392: 10388: 10382: 10374: 10367: 10351: 10347: 10343: 10337: 10335: 10327: 10314: 10310: 10309: 10304: 10298: 10291: 10279: 10275: 10269: 10253: 10249: 10248: 10243: 10237: 10221: 10217: 10213: 10207: 10188: 10181: 10180: 10172: 10161: 10155: 10147: 10132: 10128: 10124: 10117: 10111: 10095: 10091: 10087: 10081: 10065: 10061: 10055: 10036: 10029: 10022: 10006: 10002: 9996: 9988: 9982: 9978: 9976: 9966: 9958: 9952: 9948: 9946: 9936: 9920: 9916: 9910: 9894: 9890: 9888:0-10-103802-X 9884: 9880: 9879: 9874: 9868: 9860: 9848: 9844: 9842:0-7190-0919-7 9838: 9834: 9830: 9826: 9819: 9800: 9796: 9792: 9788: 9784: 9777: 9771: 9755: 9751: 9750: 9745: 9738: 9731: 9725: 9718: 9712: 9696: 9692: 9686: 9682: 9678: 9677: 9670: 9662: 9656: 9652: 9645: 9637: 9631: 9627: 9623: 9622: 9614: 9606: 9600: 9596: 9589: 9582: 9576: 9574: 9557: 9553: 9546: 9538: 9534: 9530: 9526: 9522: 9518: 9511: 9503: 9497: 9493: 9486: 9470: 9467:(38): 34–36. 9466: 9462: 9455: 9453: 9451: 9442: 9436: 9432: 9425: 9423: 9414: 9408: 9404: 9397: 9381: 9377: 9376: 9371: 9364: 9348: 9344: 9343: 9338: 9331: 9315: 9311: 9307: 9301: 9285: 9281: 9277: 9271: 9263: 9256: 9248: 9241: 9233: 9227: 9223: 9216: 9200: 9196: 9190: 9186: 9185: 9177: 9161: 9157: 9153: 9147: 9139: 9133: 9129: 9122: 9120: 9111: 9105: 9101: 9094: 9092: 9083: 9077: 9073: 9068: 9062: 9055: 9053: 9051: 9042: 9036: 9032: 9025: 9009: 9005: 8999: 8983: 8979: 8973: 8965: 8959: 8955: 8948: 8946: 8938: 8934: 8928: 8924: 8919: 8918: 8912: 8906: 8890: 8886: 8882: 8876: 8860: 8856: 8852: 8848: 8841: 8822: 8818: 8811: 8805: 8797: 8791: 8787: 8780: 8772: 8766: 8762: 8755: 8747: 8741: 8733: 8728: 8721: 8713: 8707: 8703: 8696: 8688: 8682: 8678: 8671: 8663: 8657: 8653: 8649: 8648: 8640: 8624: 8620: 8619: 8614: 8607: 8591: 8587: 8583: 8577: 8558: 8551: 8547: 8541: 8533: 8527: 8523: 8519: 8512: 8496: 8492: 8491: 8486: 8480: 8472: 8466: 8462: 8461: 8453: 8445: 8439: 8435: 8428: 8426: 8417: 8411: 8407: 8403: 8396: 8388: 8387: 8381: 8373: 8365: 8361: 8357: 8356: 8351: 8345: 8337: 8331: 8323: 8316: 8309: 8304: 8298: 8297: 8290: 8283: 8277: 8268: 8263: 8259: 8255: 8251: 8244: 8228: 8224: 8220: 8216: 8212: 8208: 8204: 8200: 8193: 8185: 8181: 8180: 8172: 8164: 8157: 8141: 8137: 8131: 8127: 8123: 8122: 8114: 8098: 8094: 8090: 8083: 8075: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8057: 8053: 8049: 8045: 8044: 8039: 8032: 8021: 8014: 8013: 8005: 7994: 7987: 7986: 7978: 7969: 7960: 7953: 7948: 7932: 7928: 7921: 7913: 7906: 7891: 7885: 7881: 7880: 7872: 7853: 7849: 7845: 7841: 7834: 7827: 7808: 7801: 7795: 7787: 7781: 7777: 7773: 7766: 7764: 7747: 7743: 7736: 7717: 7713: 7712:Ireland's DNA 7706: 7700: 7698: 7689: 7683: 7679: 7672: 7656: 7652: 7648: 7641: 7625: 7621: 7617: 7610: 7594: 7590: 7586: 7580: 7564: 7560: 7557:Lane, Megan. 7553: 7546: 7542: 7539: 7533: 7531: 7514: 7510: 7506: 7502: 7498: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7482: 7478: 7471: 7469: 7452: 7448: 7444: 7438: 7436: 7434: 7432: 7415: 7411: 7405: 7401: 7397: 7390: 7371: 7368:. June 2024. 7367: 7363: 7356: 7350: 7334: 7330: 7326: 7320: 7312: 7311: 7305: 7301: 7298: 7292: 7285: 7284: 7279: 7275: 7272: 7267: 7265: 7257: 7256: 7251: 7247: 7244: 7239: 7237: 7217: 7213: 7206: 7200: 7198: 7196: 7194: 7175: 7171: 7170:"2021 Census" 7166: 7154: 7150: 7145: 7144: 7139: 7137: 7120: 7116: 7112: 7111: 7106: 7100: 7081: 7074: 7068: 7052: 7048: 7044: 7038: 7022: 7018: 7012: 6993: 6989: 6982: 6976: 6968: 6962: 6946: 6942: 6938: 6934: 6930: 6926: 6922: 6918: 6914: 6910: 6903: 6884: 6880: 6873: 6867: 6859: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6841: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6825: 6818: 6816: 6799: 6795: 6791: 6784: 6782: 6777: 6764: 6758: 6756: 6748: 6742: 6733: 6729: 6721: 6719: 6718:Turlough Hill 6715: 6714:wind turbines 6711: 6707: 6703: 6699: 6694: 6692: 6687: 6683: 6675: 6670: 6666: 6664: 6660: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6644: 6639: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6618: 6608: 6606: 6602: 6601:Castle Leslie 6598: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6561:Stately homes 6558: 6556: 6552: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6535: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6500: 6498: 6497:Mount Stewart 6494: 6489: 6488: 6487:Brú na Bóinne 6482: 6476: 6458: 6454: 6451: 6447: 6445: 6441: 6440: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6411: 6395: 6392: 6389: 6388: 6384: 6381: 6378: 6377: 6367: 6360: 6347:£3.1 billion 6346: 6343: 6340: 6339: 6336:£2.5 billion 6335: 6333:£13.4 billion 6332: 6329: 6328: 6318: 6306:£5.2 billion 6305: 6302: 6299: 6298: 6295:£4.2 billion 6294: 6292:£11.3 billion 6291: 6288: 6287: 6277: 6270: 6256: 6253: 6250: 6247: 6246: 6242: 6239: 6236: 6233: 6232: 6228: 6226: 6222: 6220: 6216: 6214: 6210: 6209: 6206: 6198: 6196: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6176: 6172: 6162: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6151: 6146: 6142: 6138: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6095:Scotch whisky 6092: 6087: 6085: 6084:Irish whiskey 6080: 6076: 6068: 6063: 6059: 6057: 6053: 6050:in Dublin or 6049: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6030: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 5998: 5996: 5992: 5991:black pudding 5988: 5984: 5980: 5975: 5968: 5964: 5959: 5958:Irish cuisine 5949: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5922: 5920: 5916: 5911: 5907: 5902: 5898: 5888: 5886: 5882: 5881:Darren Clarke 5878: 5874: 5870: 5865: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5836: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5809: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5772: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5735: 5725: 5723: 5719: 5718:Triple Crowns 5715: 5711: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5646: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5544: 5540: 5535: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5466: 5464: 5460: 5454: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5423: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5397: 5387: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5368: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5349:Fermat number 5346: 5342: 5341:number theory 5338: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5325:Edgeworth Box 5322: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5285: 5280: 5276: 5274: 5273:Joseph Larmor 5270: 5266: 5262: 5261:wave equation 5258: 5254: 5250: 5249:Ernest Walton 5246: 5241: 5239: 5238:galvanisation 5235: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5210: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5176: 5172: 5163: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5136: 5135: 5129: 5128:Abbey Theatre 5123: 5122:Irish theatre 5113: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5090:William Orpen 5087: 5083: 5077: 5073: 5063: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5019:Christy Moore 5014: 5008: 5007:Sweeney's Men 5004: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4991:the Dubliners 4987: 4982: 4980: 4976: 4975: 4970: 4966: 4965:Christ Church 4962: 4958: 4957:Dublin Castle 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4927: 4923: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4892: 4886: 4885:John McGahern 4881: 4878: 4877: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4858: 4853: 4849: 4848:Seamus Heaney 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4828: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4797: 4792: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4777: 4769: 4761: 4753: 4747: 4730: 4724: 4718: 4710: 4703: 4697: 4685: 4684:Book of Kells 4680: 4671: 4669: 4664: 4662: 4658: 4653: 4649: 4647: 4643: 4641: 4636: 4635: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4612:Anglicisation 4605: 4601: 4596: 4592: 4582: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4563: 4561: 4557: 4551: 4548: 4544: 4542: 4537: 4531: 4525: 4524: 4517: 4514: 4513: 4505: 4504:instruction. 4502: 4497: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4482: 4478: 4473: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4453: 4448: 4438: 4435: 4431: 4429: 4428:Polish people 4424: 4421: 4416: 4406: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4389: 4385: 4382: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4370: 4366: 4363: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4351: 4347: 4344: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4332: 4328: 4325: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4313: 4309: 4306: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4294: 4290: 4287: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4275: 4271: 4268: 4267: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4255: 4251: 4248: 4247: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4235: 4231: 4228: 4227: 4223: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4214: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4202: 4197: 4191: 4186: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4164: 4161: 4158: 4153: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4134: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4085:royal charter 4082: 4077: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4028:(south), and 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4007: 4003: 3994: 3978: 3962: 3946: 3932: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3906: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3876: 3874: 3869: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3842: 3841: 3834: 3833: 3826: 3825: 3818: 3817: 3810: 3809: 3802: 3801: 3794: 3793: 3786: 3785: 3778: 3777: 3770: 3769: 3762: 3761: 3754: 3753: 3746: 3745: 3738: 3737: 3730: 3729: 3722: 3721: 3714: 3713: 3706: 3705: 3698: 3692: 3691: 3684: 3683: 3676: 3675: 3668: 3667: 3660: 3659: 3652: 3651: 3644: 3643: 3636: 3635: 3628: 3627: 3620: 3619: 3612: 3611: 3604: 3603: 3596: 3588: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3565: 3563: 3559: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3534: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3501: 3496: 3492: 3491: 3482: 3481: 3475: 3471: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3438:, as well as 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3396: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3369:common lizard 3365: 3363: 3359: 3354: 3351:plantations, 3350: 3346: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3321: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3276: 3275:Vulpes vulpes 3272: 3267: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3237: 3233: 3227: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3157: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3087: 3043: 3038: 3034: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3004: 3002: 2998: 2992: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2976: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2913:Carboniferous 2910: 2907: 2906:metamorphosed 2903: 2899: 2894: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2869:and south to 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2844: 2840: 2835: 2825: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2814:River Shannon 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2794:Carrauntoohil 2790: 2788: 2784: 2782: 2781:British Isles 2776: 2775:British Isles 2772: 2768: 2764: 2763:North Channel 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2731: 2726: 2716: 2714: 2709: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2670: 2660: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2638:UK government 2634: 2632: 2627: 2623: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2599: 2589: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2566: 2556: 2550: 2546: 2540: 2532: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2507:based on the 2506: 2499: 2494: 2493: 2487: 2482: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2460: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2437: 2428: 2426: 2422: 2416: 2414: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2395: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2376: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2316:Edward Carson 2313: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2293: 2289: 2279: 2276: 2271: 2267: 2264: 2260: 2255: 2251: 2247: 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Retrieved 14866: 14852: 14825:. New York: 14821: 14808:. Retrieved 14788: 14770:. Retrieved 14746: 14719: 14701: 14673: 14661:Éire-Ireland 14660: 14649:. Retrieved 14629: 14604: 14580: 14572: 14561:. Retrieved 14537: 14528: 14506: 14498: 14471: 14462:Bibliography 14447:. Retrieved 14440:the original 14427: 14415:. Retrieved 14395: 14384:, retrieved 14380:the original 14370: 14364: 14352:. Retrieved 14348:the original 14338: 14326:. Retrieved 14322:the original 14308: 14298:19 September 14296:. Retrieved 14278: 14266:. Retrieved 14262:the original 14252: 14240:. Retrieved 14236:the original 14226: 14214:. Retrieved 14205: 14196: 14184:. Retrieved 14173: 14164: 14152:. Retrieved 14147: 14138: 14126:. Retrieved 14122:the original 14117: 14107: 14095:. Retrieved 14091:the original 14086: 14046: 14034:. Retrieved 14025: 14016: 14004:. Retrieved 13995: 13986: 13978: 13971:. Retrieved 13961: 13954: 13946: 13939:. Retrieved 13919: 13909: 13897:. Retrieved 13893:the original 13883: 13871:. 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The 5317:quaternions 5265:Lord Kelvin 5234:transformer 5207:Boyle's law 5160:Billy Roche 5148:Brian Friel 5110:Alice Maher 5102:Sean Scully 4926:Irish dance 4909:James Joyce 4852:James Joyce 4825:Oscar Wilde 4742: 1800 4738: 1743 4628:Isle of Man 4539:areas near 4165:Settlement 4104:city status 4081:legislative 3903:Irish Times 3864:, English, 3840:Uí Liatháin 3525:within the 3460:plantations 3442:trees such 3393:extirpation 3315:pine marten 3232:Met Éireann 3025:, 2013 and 2929:Silvermines 2706:all-Ireland 2651:Along with 2545:upper house 2449:open border 2384:direct rule 2134:Second Dáil 1980:Robert Peel 1945:1841 census 1746:Great Frost 1692:West Indies 1643:, the then 1583:passed the 1573:Black Death 1537:Magna Carta 1500:plantations 1398:Trim Castle 1221:Brehon Laws 1163:in contrast 1121:Greco-Roman 1087:David Reich 887:land bridge 885:(but not a 873:During the 776:Irish dance 768:Irish music 650:Middle Ages 184:Adjacent to 173:Archipelago 160: / 136:Coordinates 19487:Categories 19362:Sercquiais 18727:– in Italy 18629:Ceathairne 18493:Gallaecian 18123:Road bowls 18028:Eisteddfod 17996:Calan Awst 17992:Lughnasadh 17598:Literature 17461:definition 17284:Clan chief 17071:Roman Gaul 17062:Hen Ogledd 16788:including 16770:including 16402:Cláirseach 16305:Travellers 16163:Rock music 16146:Folk music 16081:Literature 15883:Soda bread 15766:Government 15693:parliament 15690:Oireachtas 15667:Government 15607:Ideologies 15238:Penal Laws 15129:since 1922 15043:Prehistory 14892:26 October 14829:. p. 14810:26 October 14772:26 October 14682:. p. 14651:26 October 14583:. Dublin: 14563:26 October 14509:. Munich: 14479:. p. 14475:. London: 14417:20 October 14242:13 January 14097:22 October 13746:28 October 13681:9 February 13544:GlobalPost 13135:8 November 13101:8 November 12826:13 October 12762:25 January 12651:15 October 12589:24 January 12559:21 October 12504:23 October 12417:Science.ie 12010:23 January 11957:20 October 11931:9 November 11759:Irish News 11642:. London. 11619:9 December 11515:9 November 11437:31 January 11326:15 October 11296:23 January 11130:4 December 10851:28 October 10775:2 November 10683:5 November 10663:"Rainfall" 10611:27 January 10524:5 November 10493:9 November 10463:5 November 10427:5 November 10311:. London. 10284:9 December 10044:15 October 9925:23 October 9899:23 October 9701:26 October 9562:8 November 9523:(2): 322. 9475:13 October 9386:8 November 9290:8 November 9205:26 October 9014:23 January 8988:8 November 8727:Ó Clabaigh 8629:8 November 8621:. London. 8501:26 October 8404:. Dublin: 8362:. p. 8233:17 October 8146:26 October 7895:28 October 7774:. Oxford: 7752:23 October 7487:(1–2): 1. 7420:26 October 7225:29 January 7027:17 January 6892:2 November 6772:References 6706:wind power 6674:Maam Cross 6647:Ballyclare 6573:neo-Gothic 6433:emigration 6179:See also: 6109:, such as 6003:Irish stew 5979:white meat 5919:Malin Head 5891:Recreation 5860:Carnoustie 5844:The K Club 5771:Olympics. 5722:Grand Slam 5597:finals in 5519:Croke Park 5400:See also: 5333:Adam Smith 5245:physicists 5094:Jack Yeats 5060:the Pogues 5031:Thin Lizzy 4953:Irish harp 4945:suantraige 4941:geantraige 4740: – c. 4690:Literature 4668:Irish pubs 4224:1,458,154 3884:Protestant 3784:Gamanraige 3736:Dartraighe 3690:Eóganachta 3682:Ciannachta 3531:ecoregions 3515:palm trees 3493:), a wild 3444:Scots pine 3381:brown bear 3307:Irish hare 3229:Source 1: 3013:at inland 2917:the Burren 2898:Bantry Bay 2891:intrusives 2875:Ordovician 2859:Caledonide 2845:of Ireland 2843:Topography 2767:Celtic Sea 2549:government 2521:Oireachtas 1896:'s failed 1721:Penal Laws 1641:Henry VIII 1577:Gaelicised 1468:Papal Bull 1408:in Ireland 1386:See also: 1217:Viking Age 969:, brewing 959:Bronze Age 898:Mesolithic 883:ice bridge 813:The names 756:literature 706:dissenters 309:Population 148:07°30′11″W 145:53°26′58″N 19342:Auregnais 18978:Geography 18659:Redshanks 18634:Ceithearn 18362:Brittonic 18354:Languages 17987:Calan Mai 17978:Gŵyl Fair 17952:Festivals 17767:Interlace 17191:Mythology 17182:Practices 17094:Gallaecia 16708:Galatians 16533:Squatting 16249:Fomorians 16178:Mythology 16048:Languages 16033:Halloween 16009:Bealtaine 15992:Festivals 15983:Stepdance 15888:Spice Bag 15873:Irish fry 15863:Colcannon 15838:Barmbrack 15761:Education 15719:President 15657:Education 15573:Transport 15548:Provinces 15470:Mountains 15445:Coastline 15417:Geography 15308:Civil War 15263:Tithe War 14720:The Celts 14318:Bord Gáis 14128:1 January 14036:30 August 14006:30 August 13973:17 August 13941:17 August 13802:Europa.eu 13366:1758-1095 13191:14 August 13045:16 August 12956:14 August 12910:RTÉ Sport 12800:4 October 12708:14 August 12677:3 October 12524:ignored ( 12514:cite book 12397:30 August 12304:30 August 12232:4 October 12115:, p. 659. 12103:, ed. by 12036:4 October 11805:6 October 11386:17 August 11070:1 January 10978:1 January 10925:30 August 10883:30 August 10818:15 August 10554:30 August 10100:29 August 10011:4 January 9975:Sinn Féin 9945:Sinn Féin 9808:30 August 9795:1649-6728 9732:pp 37–66. 9679:. Paris: 8895:25 August 8596:15 August 8223:163531116 8209:: 57–59. 7848:1578-5386 7509:128396341 7125:30 August 7089:7 October 7057:7 October 6941:128982465 6858:2212-6821 6704:(such as 6565:Palladian 6551:Connemara 6457:Corn Laws 6015:colcannon 5944:fishery. 5926:coastline 5917:being in 5873:U.S. Open 5852:Fred Daly 5595:World Cup 5586:Argentina 5548:Irish Cup 5357:John Nash 5351:in 2003. 5331:inspired 5287:in 1891. 5044:the Corrs 4937:goltraige 4898:Gaeltacht 4866:Bloomsday 4634:interlace 4541:Dungarvan 4536:Gaeltacht 4530:Gaeltacht 4523:Gaeltacht 4512:Gaelscoil 4490:Old Norse 4477:Old Irish 4441:Languages 4410:Migration 4388:Waterford 4221:1,263,219 4106:by Queen 4066:Tipperary 4062:Waterford 3808:Partraige 3800:Múscraige 3768:Fortuatha 3728:Conmaicne 3720:Cíarraige 3712:Cálraighe 3704:Attacotti 3674:Connachta 3634:Deirgtine 3618:Dál Riata 3440:evergreen 3400:deciduous 3377:great auk 3373:Irish elk 3271:red foxes 3008:0 °C 2989:temperate 2779:the term 2759:Irish Sea 2719:Geography 2622:executive 2555:Taoiseach 2525:bicameral 2517:president 2511:, with a 2400:Executive 2333:sectarian 2324:Home Rule 2304:in 1941. 2118:Partition 2088:Sinn Féin 2011:Home Rule 1984:George IV 1807:rebellion 1717:Jacobites 1715:over the 1647:, of the 1477:Adrian IV 1362:Waterford 1262:Dark Ages 1237:Palladius 1190:Newgrange 1174:Latinised 1148:Geography 1070:Milesians 1030:Neolithic 912:cultivars 905:Neolithic 825:Old Irish 809:Etymology 714:a part of 591:Irish Sea 425:Time zone 335:Languages 211:Coastline 202:Area rank 123:Geography 19458:Scottish 19357:Jèrriais 19273:Germanic 19187:Guernsey 19175:Scotland 19097:Scotland 19044:Shetland 19007:Hebrides 18895:Scotland 18860:Politics 18849:Hibernia 18644:Gaesatae 18535:dialects 18498:Lepontic 18488:Galatian 18390:Goidelic 18240:Autonomy 18155:Politics 18108:Rounders 17960:Calendar 17933:Scotland 17918:Cornwall 17913:Brittany 17801:Clothing 17752:Knotwork 17730:Brooches 17702:Scotland 17687:Cornwall 17682:Brittany 17561:Y Wladfa 17516:Scotland 17480:Cornwall 17468:Brittany 17319:Seanchaí 17314:Tanistry 17274:Derbfine 17203:Scottish 17089:Brittany 17085:Domnonée 17081:Armorica 17076:Britonia 17058:Dumnonia 17033:Dálriata 16718:Lepontii 16713:Helvetii 16698:Gallaeci 16491:Monastic 16456:Calendar 16440:Shamrock 16435:Red Hand 16373:Rounders 16038:Wren Day 15972:Sean-nós 15924:Guinness 15868:Drisheen 15744:Assembly 15726:Taxation 15629:Unionism 15596:Politics 15529:Counties 15273:Land War 15165:Clontarf 15161:Glenmama 15035:Timeline 14886:Archived 14851:(1947). 14804:Archived 14766:Archived 14744:(2005). 14709:Archived 14670:(1988). 14645:Archived 14557:Archived 14408:Archived 14292:Archived 14268:30 March 14210:Archived 14180:Archived 14055:Archived 14030:Archived 14000:Archived 13967:Archived 13935:Archived 13899:1 August 13873:1 August 13806:Archived 13771:Archived 13708:Archived 13675:Archived 13642:Archived 13603:Archived 13601:. 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2692:and the 2626:assembly 2467:after a 2431:Politics 2352:loyalist 1941:Land War 1876:and the 1815:Connacht 1682:and the 1674:and the 1659:and the 1594:The Pale 1551:and the 1457:Henry II 1350:Limerick 1317:and the 1311:Scotland 1178:Hibernia 1154:Iouernia 1130:Almagest 979:brooches 936:Tyrawley 908:settlers 702:Catholic 128:Location 19493:Ireland 19423:English 19418:Cornish 19413:British 19334:Romance 19304:Cornish 19281:English 19258:Society 19165:England 19155:Ireland 19139:Ireland 19123:outline 19118:History 19092:England 19072:Ireland 19024:Ireland 18885:England 18876:Ireland 18839:Britain 18834:Prydain 18697:Deities 18654:Hobelar 18616:Warfare 18579:Warfare 18513:Pictish 18508:Cumbric 18483:Gaulish 18455:Extinct 18375:Cornish 18173:history 18118:Hurling 18092:Ladies' 18083:Curling 18056:Camogie 17983:Beltane 17965:Samhain 17923:Ireland 17692:Ireland 17587:Culture 17556:England 17492:Ireland 17450:Nations 17349:Coinage 17339:Warfare 17232:Society 17223:Cornish 17213:British 17116:Galatia 17106:Balkans 17014:Studies 16751:Cornish 16746:Bretons 16723:Noricum 16678:Britons 16651:Peoples 16461:Castles 16388:Symbols 16358:Hurling 16343:Camogie 16242:Firbolg 16228:Immrama 16221:Echtrai 16151:session 16134:Ballads 16111:Theatre 16100:Gaeilge 16094:Fiction 16029:Samhain 15944:Whiskey 15818:Cuisine 15806:Culture 15756:Economy 15652:Economy 15460:Islands 15435:Climate 15428:Natural 15023:History 14983:Ireland 14783:Ó Gráda 14706:excerpt 14704:(2007) 14531:(2007). 14511:Prestel 14501:(1971). 14288:EirGrid 13847:25 July 13714:20 July 13648:27 June 13609:4 April 13554:5 April 13423:Ireland 13375:1279494 12335:4 April 11170:30 July 11100:30 July 10716:21 July 10667:Climate 10631:Climate 10258:28 June 10070:22 June 9760:6 April 9061:Ó Gráda 8306:(ed.), 8093:Eupedia 8065:1182057 7725:27 June 7661:19 July 7569:19 July 7489:Bibcode 7339:31 July 7180:23 June 7159:23 June 6951:13 July 6921:Bibcode 6836:Bibcode 6686:biomass 6632:EirGrid 6469:Tourism 6431:and of 6396:$ 3010 6393:$ 2393 6385:$ 2198 6165:Economy 6155:Bulmers 6150:Magners 6111:Baileys 6043:cheeses 6039:mussels 6035:oysters 6027:cabbage 5930:angling 5897:Lahinch 5686:Munster 5639:English 5588:in 2007 5568:Ireland 5506:in the 5431:cricket 5412:hurling 5303:, from 5255:. With 5166:Science 5052:Clannad 4974:Messiah 4857:Ulysses 4585:Culture 4355:67,599 4279:102,287 4259:222,333 4239:293,298 4234:Belfast 4218:592,713 4157:Belfast 4026:Munster 3993:Munster 3850:Normans 3846:Vikings 3824:Uaithni 3816:Soghain 3642:Delbhna 3626:Dáirine 3602:Cruthin 3477:Furze ( 3464:Coillte 3362:culling 3349:conifer 3295:red fox 3224:(−2.4) 3214:(11.3) 3209:(17.1) 3199:(27.1) 3194:(31.5) 3189:(26.1) 3184:(21.9) 3179:(18.1) 3164:(−2.4) 3154:(91.9) 3149:(64.6) 3144:(68.2) 3139:(77.4) 3134:(84.4) 3129:(89.8) 3124:(91.4) 3119:(91.9) 3114:(83.1) 3109:(78.4) 3104:(74.5) 3099:(64.6) 3094:(65.3) 2997:Munster 2969:Climate 2963:Helvick 2919:around 2828:Geology 2631:Belfast 2216:during 1709:William 1690:in the 1453:Angevin 1449:Breifne 1358:Wexford 1315:England 1299:Columba 1225:brehons 1127:in his 1125:Ptolemy 1062:Priteni 1037:Tuosist 971:alcohol 852:History 815:Ireland 686:England 601:of the 565:Airlann 487:Ireland 341:English 301:Demonym 289:Belfast 274:Country 107:Ireland 64:Airlann 37:Ireland 19406:People 19393:Shelta 19347:French 19296:Celtic 19192:Jersey 19039:Orkney 18924:Jersey 18824:Albion 18692:Tribes 18639:Fianna 18426:Shelta 18370:Breton 18190:status 18128:Shinty 18103:Gouren 18067:Cnapan 18061:Cammag 17974:Imbolc 17897:Carnyx 17823:Tartan 17742:Carnyx 17509:Mannin 17485:Kernow 17473:Breizh 17343:Gaelic 17299:Fáinne 17244:Brehon 17218:Breton 17167:Druids 17021:Places 16728:Volcae 16673:Belgae 16634:· 16632: 16626:· 16624: 16618:· 16616: 16466:Cinema 16265:People 16214:Aos Sí 16201:Ulster 16196:Fenian 16186:Cycles 16116:Triads 16106:Poetry 16089:Annals 16066:Shelta 16019:Lúnasa 15999:Imbolc 15934:Poitín 15914:Coffee 15907:Drinks 15858:Coddle 15524:Cities 15475:Rivers 15465:Loughs 15150:Events 15008:topics 15000:topics 14986:topics 14913: 14878: 14837: 14796: 14758: 14730: 14690: 14637: 14616: 14591: 14549: 14517: 14487: 14328:27 May 13927: 13812:10 May 13777:4 July 13634: 13577: 13521: 13496: 13465: 13454:Dublin 13434: 13403: 13372: 13364: 13308: 13075:28 May 12852:28 May 12619:8 June 12490: 12261: 12206:28 May 12160: 12133: 12111: 12073: 11982: 11899: 11792:CSO.ie 11540: 11264: 11241:7 June 11179:Seanad 10911: 10577: 10397:30 May 10356:30 May 10319:2 June 9983: 9953: 9885: 9839: 9793: 9783:CSO.ie 9687: 9657: 9632: 9601: 9535: 9498: 9437: 9409: 9228: 9191: 9134: 9106: 9078: 9067:Cormac 9037: 8960: 8929: 8792: 8767: 8708: 8683: 8658: 8528: 8467: 8440: 8412: 8221: 8215:296171 8213: 8132: 8072: 8062: 7886: 7861:17 May 7846: 7816:27 May 7782: 7684: 7507: 7406: 7396:"Ériu" 6939: 6856: 6645:, and 6611:Energy 6510:, the 6506:, the 6423:, and 6382:$ 1459 6048:coddle 5987:Maasai 5934:salmon 5787:, and 5728:Boxing 5696:) and 5678:Ulster 5500:Tyrone 5489:, and 5443:hockey 5427:boxing 5390:Sports 5305:Lurgan 5269:kelvin 5140:Galway 5108:, and 5001:, the 4984:Irish 4969:Handel 4632:Irish 4577:, and 4567:Shelta 4494:French 4393:60,079 4374:64,596 4369:Bangor 4336:72,301 4317:85,279 4298:85,910 4293:Galway 4213:Dublin 4146:Dublin 4093:Armagh 4058:Galway 4046:Dublin 4042:Ulster 4030:Ulster 3977:Ulster 3921:, and 3893:. 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