2557:, if colonialism refers to the process of a country taking physical control of another, imperialism refers to the political and monetary dominance, either formally or informally. Colonialism is seen to be the architect deciding how to start dominating areas and then imperialism can be seen as creating the idea behind conquest cooperating with colonialism. Colonialism is when the imperial nation begins a conquest over an area and then eventually is able to rule over the areas the previous nation had controlled. Colonialism's core meaning is the exploitation of the valuable assets and supplies of the nation that was conquered and the conquering nation then gaining the benefits from the spoils of the war. The meaning of imperialism is to create an empire, by conquering the other state's lands and therefore increasing its own dominance. Colonialism is the builder and preserver of the colonial possessions in an area by a population coming from a foreign region. Colonialism can completely change the existing social structure, physical structure, and economics of an area; it is not unusual that the characteristics of the conquering peoples are inherited by the conquered indigenous populations. Few colonies remain remote from their mother country. Thus, most will eventually establish a separate nationality or remain under complete control of their mother colony.
2634: ... During the centuries of pre-colonial trade, some control over social political and economic life was retained in Africa, in spite of the disadvantageous commerce with Europeans. That little control over internal matters disappeared under colonialism. Colonialism went much further than trade. It meant a tendency towards direct appropriation by Europeans of the social institutions within Africa. Africans ceased to set indigenous cultural goals and standards, and lost full command of training young members of the society. Those were undoubtedly major steps backwards ... Colonialism was not merely a system of exploitation, but one whose essential purpose was to repatriate the profits to the so-called 'mother country'. From an African view-point, that amounted to consistent expatriation of surplus produced by African labour out of African resources. It meant the development of Europe as part of the same dialectical process in which Africa was underdeveloped. Colonial Africa fell within that part of the international capitalist economy from which surplus was drawn to feed the metropolitan sector. As seen earlier, exploitation of land and labour is essential for human social advance, but only on the assumption that the product is made available within the area where the exploitation takes place.
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Mughals in India and the Incas in the
Americas. One explanation offered by the paper focuses on the political institutions of the various colonies: it was less likely for European colonists to introduce economic institutions where they could benefit quickly from the extraction of resources in the area. Therefore, given a more developed civilisation and denser population, European colonists would rather keep the existing economic systems than introduce an entirely new system; while in places with little to extract, European colonists would rather establish new economic institutions to protect their interests. Political institutions thus gave rise to different types of economic systems, which determined the colonial economic performance.
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1177:(1891â1938) argues an emphatic "No!" He reports that in every case the support cost, especially the military system necessary to support and defend colonies, outran the total trade they produced. Apart from the British Empire, they did not provide favoured destinations for the immigration of surplus metropole populations. The question of whether colonies paid is a complicated one when recognizing the multiplicity of interests involved. In some cases colonial powers paid a lot in military costs while private investors pocketed the benefits. In other cases the colonial powers managed to move the burden of administrative costs to the colonies themselves by imposing taxes.
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to imply a degree of geographic separation between the colony and the imperial power. Particularly, Edward Said distinguishes between imperialism and colonialism by stating: "imperialism involved 'the practice, the theory and the attitudes of a dominating metropolitan center ruling a distant territory', while colonialism refers to the 'implanting of settlements on a distant territory.' Contiguous land empires such as the
Russian, Chinese or Ottoman have traditionally been excluded from discussions of colonialism, though this is beginning to change, since it is accepted that they also sent populations into the territories they ruled.
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not scientifically objective, cartography was often manipulated during the colonial era. Social norms and values had an effect on the constructing of maps. During colonialism map-makers used rhetoric in their formation of boundaries and in their art. The rhetoric favoured the view of the conquering
Europeans; this is evident in the fact that any map created by a non-European was instantly regarded as inaccurate. Furthermore, European cartographers were required to follow a set of rules which led to ethnocentrism; portraying one's own ethnicity in the centre of the map. As
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2753:. Such cases embraced a natural superiority and inferiority relationship between the races based on the observations of naturalists' from the mother-countries. European studies along these lines gave rise to the perception that African women's anatomy, and especially genitalia, resembled those of mandrills, baboons, and monkeys, thus differentiating colonised Africans from what were viewed as the features of the evolutionarily superior, and thus rightfully authoritarian, European woman.
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as well. The employees became "indentured" to the employer because they owed a debt back to the employer for their travel expense to the colony, which they were expected to pay through their wages. In practice, indentured servants were exploited through terrible working conditions and burdensome debts imposed by the employers, with whom the servants had no means of negotiating the debt once they arrived in the colony.
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Britain if the founders had not understood that slavery empowered them to do so; nor if they had not believed that independence was required in order to ensure that slavery would continue. It is not incidental that 10 of this nation's first 12 presidents were enslavers, and some might argue that this nation was founded not as a democracy but as a slavocracy.
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possessions, 2% in
American possessions, 3% in Portuguese possessions, 1% in Belgian possessions and 0.5% in Italian possessions. The domestic domains of the colonial powers had a total population of about 370 million people. Outside Europe, few areas had remained without coming under formal colonial tutorship â and even
2729:
these same racial belief systems within the "mother-countries" themselves. Usually also included within the colonial belief systems was a certain belief in the inherent superiority of male over female. This particular belief was often pre-existing amongst the pre-colonial societies, prior to their colonisation.
437:, Roger Tignor says "For Osterhammel, the essence of colonialism is the existence of colonies, which are by definition governed differently from other territories such as protectorates or informal spheres of influence." In the book, Osterhammel asks, "How can 'colonialism' be defined independently from 'colony?
2171:'s voyages. The findings suggested Europeans could have carried the nonvenereal tropical bacteria home, where the organisms may have mutated into a more deadly form in the different conditions of Europe. The disease was more frequently fatal than it is today; syphilis was a major killer in Europe during the
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maintained farmland in which they had usage rights. While men would make political and communal decisions for a community, the women would control the village's food supply or their individual family's land. This allowed women to achieve power and autonomy, even in patrilineal and patriarchal societies.
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The decisiveness of the short period of colonialism and its negative consequences for Africa spring mainly from the fact that Africa lost power. Power is the ultimate determinant in human society, being basic to the relations within any group and between groups. It implies the ability to defend one's
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thought that working within the global capitalist system, colonialism is closely associated with uneven development. It is an "instrument of wholesale destruction, dependency and systematic exploitation producing distorted economies, socio-psychological disorientation, massive poverty and neocolonial
2457:
Maps played an extensive role in colonialism, as
Bassett would put it "by providing geographical information in a convenient and standardised format, cartographers helped open West Africa to European conquest, commerce, and colonisation". Because the relationship between colonialism and geography was
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Political geographers also maintain that colonial behaviour was reinforced by the physical mapping of the world, therefore creating a visual separation between "them" and "us". Geographers are primarily focused on the spaces of colonialism and imperialism; more specifically, the material and symbolic
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is the process of creating a separate entity to persons or groups who are labelled as different or non-normal due to the repetition of characteristics. Othering is the creation of those who discriminate, to distinguish, label, categorise those who do not fit in the societal norm. Several scholars in
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Settlers acted as the link between indigenous populations and the imperial hegemony, thus bridging the geographical, ideological and commercial gap between the colonisers and colonised. While the extent in which geography as an academic study is implicated in colonialism is contentious, geographical
1982:
Global travel and migration in general developed at an increasingly brisk pace throughout the era of
European colonial expansion. Citizens of the former colonies of European countries may have a privileged status in some respects with regard to immigration rights when settling in the former European
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consented to a contract with the
European colonisers. Under their contract, the servant would work for an employer for a term of at least a year, while the employer agreed to pay for the servant's voyage to the colony, possibly pay for the return to the country of origin, and pay the employee a wage
660:
When colonists settled in pre-populated areas, the societies and cultures of the people in those areas permanently changed. Colonial practices directly and indirectly forced the colonized peoples to abandon their traditional cultures. For example, European colonizers in the United States implemented
625:
National colonialism is a process involving elements of both settler and internal colonialism, in which nation-building and colonization are symbiotically connected, with the colonial regime seeking to remake the colonized peoples into their own cultural and political image. The goal is to integrate
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of commodities, monopoly capitalism thrived on the export of capital amassed by profits from banks and industry. This, to Lenin, was the highest stage of capitalism. He goes on to state that this form of capitalism was doomed for war between the capitalists and the exploited nations with the former
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of peoples in his "Theses on the
Socialist Revolution and the Right of Nations to Self-Determination" as an integral plank in the programme of socialist internationalism" and he quotes Lenin who contended that "The right of nations to self-determination implies exclusively the right to independence
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writes that imperialism operates from the centre as a state policy and is developed for ideological as well as financial reasons, while colonialism is simply the development for settlement or commercial intentions; however, colonialism still includes invasion. Colonialism in modern usage also tends
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The territorial boundaries imposed by
European colonisers, notably in central Africa and South Asia, defied the existing boundaries of native populations that had previously interacted little with one another. European colonisers disregarded native political and cultural animosities, imposing peace
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India and China were the largest source of indentured servants during the colonial era. Indentured servants from India travelled to
British colonies in Asia, Africa and the Caribbean, and also to French and Portuguese colonies, while Chinese servants travelled to British and Dutch colonies. Between
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Political geographers explain how colonial/imperial powers "othered" places they wanted to dominate to legalise their exploitation of the land. During and after the rise of colonialism the Western powers perceived the East as the "other", being different and separate from their societal norm. This
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that led scientists to argue that the typical brain size of the female human was, on the average, slightly smaller than that of the male, thus inferring that therefore female humans must be less developed and less evolutionarily advanced than males. This finding of relative cranial size difference
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During the colonial era, the global process of colonisation served to spread and synthesize the social and political belief systems of the "mother-countries" which often included a belief in a certain natural racial superiority of the race of the mother-country. Colonialism also acted to reinforce
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David Livingstone stresses "that geography has meant different things at different times and in different places" and that we should keep an open mind in regards to the relationship between geography and colonialism instead of identifying boundaries. Geography as a discipline was not and is not an
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For example, one interesting observation is "the Reversal of Fortune" â the less developed civilisations in 1500, like North America, Australia, and New Zealand, are now much richer than those countries who used to be in the prosperous civilisations in 1500 before the colonists came, like the
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A new YouGov survey finds that most think the British Empire is more something to be proud of (59%) than to be ashamed of (19%). 23% don't know. Young people are least likely to feel pride over shame when it comes to the Empire, though about half (48%) of 18â24 year old's do. In comparison, about
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notes that cartography was used to empty 'undiscovered' lands of their Indigenous meaning and bring them into spatial existence via the imposition of "Western place-names and borders, priming 'virgin' (putatively empty land, 'wilderness') for colonisation (thus sexualising colonial landscapes as
2005:
Migration from former colonies has proven to be problematic for European countries, where the majority population may express hostility to ethnic minorities who have immigrated from former colonies. Cultural and religious conflict have often erupted in France in recent decades, between immigrants
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European nations entered their imperial projects with the goal of enriching the European metropoles. Exploitation of non-Europeans and of other Europeans to support imperial goals was acceptable to the colonisers. Two outgrowths of this imperial agenda were the extension of slavery and indentured
1535:
Through the rise of European colonialism came a large push for development and industrialisation of most economic systems. When working to improve productivity, Europeans focused mostly on male workers. Foreign aid arrived in the form of loans, land, credit, and tools to speed up development, but
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once quipped that there were three types of colonial empire: "The English, which consists in making colonies with colonists; the German, which collects colonists without colonies; the French, which sets up colonies without colonists." Modern studies of colonialism have often distinguished between
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According to Julian Go, "Colonialism refers to the direct political control of a society and its people by a foreign ruling state... The ruling state monopolizes political power and keeps the subordinated society and its people in a legally inferior position." He also writes, "colonialism depends
445:
Colonialism is a relationship between an indigenous (or forcibly imported) majority and a minority of foreign invaders. The fundamental decisions affecting the lives of the colonised people are made and implemented by the colonial rulers in pursuit of interests that are often defined in a distant
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and states that "he difficulty of defining colonialism stems from the fact that the term is often used as a synonym for imperialism. Both colonialism and imperialism were forms of conquest that were expected to benefit Europe economically and strategically," and continues "given the difficulty of
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The wealth and prominence that allowed Jefferson, at just 33, and the other founding fathers to believe they could successfully break off from one of the mightiest empires in the world came from the dizzying profits generated by chattel slavery. In other words, we may never have revolted against
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A common practice by the European cartographers of the time was to map unexplored areas as "blank spaces". This influenced the colonial powers as it sparked competition amongst them to explore and colonise these regions. Imperialists aggressively and passionately looked forward to filling these
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The world's colonial population at the outbreak of the First World War (1914) â a high point for colonialism â totalled about 560 million people, of whom 70% lived in British possessions, 10% in French possessions, 9% in Dutch possessions, 4% in Japanese possessions, 2% in German
2756:
In addition to what would now be viewed as pseudo-scientific studies of race, which tended to reinforce a belief in an inherent mother-country racial superiority, a new supposedly "science-based" ideology concerning gender roles also then emerged as an adjunct to the general body of beliefs of
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European colonisation and development also changed gendered systems of power already in place around the world. In many pre-colonialist areas, women maintained power, prestige, or authority through reproductive or agricultural control. For example, in certain parts of sub-Saharan Africa women
1953:
In a reversal of the migration patterns experienced during the modern colonial era, post-independence era migration followed a route back towards the imperial country. In some cases, this was a movement of settlers of European origin returning to the land of their birth, or to an ancestral
1496:
According to the paper, economic institutions are the determinant of the colonial success because they determine their financial performance and order for the distribution of resources. At the same time, these institutions are also consequences of political institutions â especially how
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inevitably losing. War is stated to be the consequence of imperialism. As a continuation of this thought, G.N. Uzoigwe states, "But it is now clear from more serious investigations of African history in this period that imperialism was essentially economic in its fundamental impulses."
2552:
Imperialism and colonialism both dictate the political and economic advantage over a land and the indigenous populations they control, yet scholars sometimes find it difficult to illustrate the difference between the two. Although imperialism and colonialism focus on the suppression of
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in the political sense, the right to free political separation from the oppressor nation. Specifically, this demand for political democracy implies complete freedom to agitate for secession and for a referendum on secession by the seceding nation." Non-Russian Marxists within the
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Trade with the early explorers, whalers, sealers, and shore-based traders; interaction with missionaries; the availability of muskets; unprecedented warfare; new methods of dispute resolution; and English law all played their part in influencing the increase or decline of Maori
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recent decades developed the notion of the "other" as an epistemological concept in social theory. For example, postcolonial scholars, believed that colonising powers explained an "other" who were there to dominate, civilise, and extract resources through colonisation of land.
513:
to colonies, often motivated by religious, political, or economic reasons. This form of colonialism aims largely to supplant prior existing populations with a settler one, and involves large number of settlers emigrating to colonies for the purpose of establishing settlements.
1746:, an early but secondary focus for most colonial regimes was the suppression of slavery and the slave trade. By the end of the colonial period they were mostly successful in this aim, though slavery persists in Africa and in the world at large with much the same practices of
6737:
The economic value of the slave to the community was considerable. Slavery among the Maori is certainly not comparable to the system as it existed among the ancient civilized states of Europe, but relative to the culture of this native people, it played an important part
1331:
about the brutality committed by Western nations: the personifications of England, the United States, and Germany carrying spears topped by the severed heads of Tibet, the Philippines, and Southwest Africa respectively. The caption describes this as "The advance guard of
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2010:
countries of north Africa and the majority population of France. Nonetheless, immigration has changed the ethnic composition of France; by the 1980s, 25% of the total population of "inner Paris" and 14% of the metropolitan region were of foreign origin, mainly Algerian.
1581:, and then in Latin America, by the 16th century. The British, French and Dutch joined in the slave trade in subsequent centuries. The European colonial system took approximately 11 million Africans to the Caribbean and to North and South America as slaves.
1680:
in Europe and Americas protested the inhumane treatment of African slaves, which led to the elimination of the slave trade (and later, of most forms of slavery) by the late 19th century. One (disputed) school of thought points to the role of abolitionism in the
1400:, has accompanied imperial expansion since ancient times. Greek trade networks spread throughout the Mediterranean region while Roman trade expanded with the primary goal of directing tribute from the colonised areas towards the Roman metropole. According to
383:
The earliest uses of colonialism referred to plantations that men emigrated to and settled. The term expanded its meaning in the early 20th century to primarily refer to European imperial expansion and the imperial subjection of Asian and African peoples.
2543:
The term "imperialism" is often conflated with "colonialism"; however, many scholars have argued that each has its own distinct definition. Imperialism and colonialism have been used in order to describe one's influence upon a person or group of people.
1266:. Generally it does not refer to a type of direct colonisation â rather to colonialism or colonial-style exploitation by other means. Specifically, neocolonialism may refer to the theory that former or existing economic relationships, such as the
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The abolition of slavery had an effect on why the Great Trek was undertaken and has links to the Afrikaner cultural preservation theory. Slavery was an integral part of Afrikaner society, and there was a sense of discontent when it was called to an
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developed into an extensive empire that, much like the Roman Empire, had the goal of exacting tribute from the conquered colonial areas. For the Aztecs, a significant tribute was the acquisition of sacrificial victims for their religious rituals.
10145:
9057:
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Colonial botany refers to the body of works concerning the study, cultivation, marketing and naming of the new plants that were acquired or traded during the age of European colonialism. Notable examples of these plants included sugar,
173:
by a foreign group. Colonizers monopolize political power and hold conquered societies and their people to be inferior to their conquerors in legal, administrative, social, cultural, or biological terms. While frequently advanced as an
12866:
2411:, mining and agricultural productivity were instrumental in European colonial expansion. Colonisers' awareness of the Earth's surface and abundance of practical skills provided colonisers with a knowledge that, in turn, created power.
1925:. These events also caused much bloodshed at the time of the migration of immigrants from the two countries. Muslims from India and Hindus and Sikhs from Pakistan migrated to the respective countries they sought independence for.
591:
Surrogate colonialism involves a settlement project supported by a colonial power, in which most of the settlers do not come from the same ethnic group as the ruling power, as it has been (controversially) argued was the case of
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two-thirds (65%) of over 60's feel mostly proud. ... A third of British people (34%) also say they would like it if Britain still had an empire. Under half (45%) say they would not like the Empire to exist today. 20% don't know.
412:
uses the term "to describe the process of European settlement and political control over the rest of the world, including the Americas, Australia, and parts of Africa and Asia". It discusses the distinction between colonialism,
4843:
1739:
1830 and 1930, around 30 million indentured servants migrated from India, and 24 million returned to India. China sent more indentured servants to European colonies, and around the same proportion returned to China.
610:. The source of exploitation comes from within the state. This is demonstrated in the way control and exploitation may pass from people from the colonizing country to an immigrant population within a newly independent country.
2719:
that Britain should grant independence to all of its colonies and also argued that it would be economically beneficial for British people in the average, although the merchants having mercantilist privileges would lose out.
2495:
representations of ostensibly tropical environments in science fiction art support this conjecture, finding the notion of the tropics to be an artificial collection of ideas and beliefs that are independent of geography.
2885:
Post-colonialism (or post-colonial theory) can refer to a set of theories in philosophy and literature that grapple with the legacy of colonial rule. In this sense, one can regard post-colonial literature as a branch of
2732:
Popular political practices of the time reinforced colonial rule by legitimising European (and/ or Japanese) male authority, and also legitimising female and non-mother-country race inferiority through studies of
1729:
The labour shortages that resulted from abolition inspired European colonisers in Queensland, British Guaiana and Fiji (for example) to develop new sources of labour, re-adopting a system of indentured servitude.
1480:
compare the economic influences of the European colonists on different colonies and study what could explain the huge discrepancies in previous European colonies, for example, between West African colonies like
451:
first and foremost upon the declaration of sovereignty and/or territorial seizure by a core state over another territory and its inhabitants who are classified as inferior subjects rather than equal citizens."
1248:
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were only allocated to men. In a more European fashion, women were expected to serve on a more domestic level. The result was a technologic, economic, and class-based gender gap that widened over time.
1381:, improved infrastructure, and technological progress. Colonial practices also spur the spread of conquerors' languages, literature and cultural institutions, while endangering or obliterating those of
2765:
Within the former European colonies, non-Europeans and women sometimes faced invasive studies by the colonial powers in the interest of the then prevailing pro-colonial scientific ideology of the day.
1239:
progressed rapidly. The tumultuous upheaval of the war significantly weakened the major colonial powers, and they quickly lost control of colonies such as Singapore, India, and Libya. In addition, the
1318:
633:
Trade colonialism involves the undertaking of colonialist ventures in support of trade opportunities for merchants. This form of colonialism was most prominent in 19th-century Asia, where previously
1539:
Within a colony, the presence of extractive colonial institutions in a given area has been found have effects on the modern day economic development, institutions and infrastructure of these areas.
1468:
Despite the general trend of economic expansion, the economic performance of former European colonies varies significantly. In "Institutions as a Fundamental Cause of Long-run Growth", economists
1427:
Hindus, Syrian Muslims, Jews, Armenians, Christians from south and central Europe operated trading routes that supplied Persian and Arab horses to the armies of all three empires, Mocha coffee to
1208:, grouping these territories into three classes according to how quickly it was deemed that they could prepare for independence. The empires of Russia and Austria collapsed in 1917â1918, and the
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system, which enabled their military units to present themselves to their enemies as a wall, with foot soldiers using shields to cover one another during their advance on the battlefield. Under
1465:
On the other hand, European colonial empires sometimes attempted to channel, restrict and impede trade involving their colonies, funneling activity through the metropole and taxing accordingly.
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2630:
interests and if necessary to impose one's will by any means available ... When one society finds itself forced to relinquish power entirely to another society that in itself is a form of
2577:
dependency". Colonies are constructed into modes of production. The search for raw materials and the current search for new investment opportunities is a result of inter-capitalist rivalry for
1902:. Other European colonies had much more pronounced conflict between European settlers and the local population. Rebellions broke out in the later decades of the imperial era, such as India's
9912:
1990:
is an organisation that promotes cooperation between and among Britain and its former colonies, the Commonwealth members. A similar organisation exists for former colonies of France, the
1886:
The populations of some colonial territories, such as Canada, enjoyed relative peace and prosperity as part of a European power, at least among the majority. Minority populations such as
6310:
Anglo-French carving of colonial space is a significant geographical legacy: nearly 40 percent of the entire length of today's international boundaries were traced by Britain and France.
5370:
1286:) fostered by former colonial powers were or are used to maintain control of former colonies and dependencies after the colonial independence movements of the postâWorld War II period.
2563:
suggested that "imperialism was the highest form of capitalism", claiming that "imperialism developed after colonialism, and was distinguished from colonialism by monopoly capitalism".
2462:
put it, "The steps in making a map â selection, omission, simplification, classification, the creation of hierarchies, and 'symbolisation' â are all inherently rhetorical."
2286:
epidemic in Africa was arrested due to mobile teams systematically screening millions of people at risk. In the 20th century, the world saw the biggest increase in its population in
12411:
2047:
Encounters between explorers and populations in the rest of the world often introduced new diseases, which sometimes caused local epidemics of extraordinary virulence. For example,
2226:
of Africans decreased by 1.1 centimetres upon colonization and later recovered and increased overall during colonial rule. The authors attributed the decrease to diseases, such as
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426:
broadly to refer to the project of European political domination from the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries that ended with the national liberation movements of the 1960s".
7199:
1964:
origin migrated to Portugal after the independence of former colonies in Africa between 1974 and 1979; 300,000 settlers of Dutch origin migrated to the Netherlands from the
392:
defines colonialism as "the practice by which a powerful country directly controls less powerful countries and uses their resources to increase its own power and wealth".
2282:
in India. From the beginning of the 20th century onwards, the elimination or control of disease in tropical countries became a driving force for all colonial powers. The
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political power is allocated. To explain the different colonial cases, we thus need to look first into the political institutions that shaped the economic institutions.
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6892:
Crul, Lindo and Lin Pang. Culture, Structure and Beyond, Changing identities and social positions of immigrants and their children (Het Spinhuis Publishers, 1999).
2781:
viewpoint and separation of culture had divided the Eastern and Western culture creating a dominant/subordinate dynamic, both being the "other" towards themselves.
446:
metropolis. Rejecting cultural compromises with the colonised population, the colonisers are convinced of their own superiority and their ordained mandate to rule.
2087:
1770:
Conquering forces have throughout history applied innovation in order to gain an advantage over the armies of the people they aim to conquer. Greeks developed the
10169:
RĂ©veiller l'archive d'une guerre coloniale. Photographies et Ă©crits de Gaston ChĂ©rau, correspondant de guerre lors du conflit italo-turc pour la Libye (1911â1912)
6121:
Alessio, Dominic; Renfro, Wesley (2022-08-01). "Building empires litorally in the South China Sea: artificial islands and contesting definitions of imperialism".
1297:
While colonies of contiguous empires have been historically excluded, they can be seen as colonies. Contemporary expansion of colonies is seen by some in case of
1079:
existed at the same time but did not expand over oceans. Rather, these empires expanded through the conquest of neighbouring territories. There was, though, some
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8301:
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1879:
8126:
Sunga traces the origin of the international movement against colonialism, and relates it to the rise of the right to self-determination in international law.
6501:
2422:
legitimised colonialism by positing the view that some parts of the world were underdeveloped, which created notions of skewed evolution. Geographers such as
297:, which started in the 18th century, gradually in waves led to the independence of colonies, with a particular large wave of decolonizations happening in the
5454:
Wong, Ting-Hong (May 2020). "Education and National Colonialism in Postwar Taiwan: The Paradoxical Use of Private Schools to Extend State Power, 1944â1966".
2028:
2745:. Biologists, naturalists, anthropologists, and ethnologists of the 19th century were focused on the study of colonised indigenous women, as in the case of
12854:
12401:
10164:
RönnbĂ€ck, K. & Broberg, O. (2019) Capital and Colonialism. The Return on British Investments in Africa 1869â1969 (Palgrave Studies in Economic History)
9674:
2341:. This work was a large part of securing financing for colonial ambitions, supporting European expansion and ensuring the profitability of such endeavors.
1052:
prolifically published so as to conjure up sympathy for the oppressed native peoples and the slaves of the new world, thereby starting the idealization of
8639:
3028:
12802:
5489:
5069:
9959:
Proportions of ethnic groups are calculated based only on the resident population, which comprises Singapore Citizens (SC) and Permanent Residents (PR)
1960:) resettled in France following Algeria's independence in 1962. A significant number of these migrants were also of Algerian descent. 800,000 people of
12760:
12269:
9916:
8704:
Tarnus, Evelyne; Bourdon, Emmanuel (2006). "Anthropometric evaluations of body composition of undergraduate students at the University of La RĂ©union".
4634:
1778:, they were able to organise thousands of soldiers into a formidable battle force, bringing together carefully trained infantry and cavalry regiments.
852:
in Britain, Ireland, Iceland, Greenland, North America, present-day Russia and Ukraine, France (Normandy) and Sicily. In the 9th century a new wave of
7236:
5371:
https://cers.leeds.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/97/2016/04/On-Racialized-Citizenship-The-History-of-Black-colonialism-in-Liberia-Naomi-Whittaker.pdf
4391:"Intersectional Colonialities: Embodied Colonial Violence and Practices of Resistance at the Axis of Disability, Race, Indigeneity, Class, and Gender"
1689:
saw this as one of the reasons to fight for their post-colonial independence and for the right to develop and continue a largely slave-based economy.
13045:
12222:
1159:
355:
sharecroppers started as tenants of landlords, but as the system evolved they became permanently indebted to the landowner and trapped in servitude.
13413:
10309:
6280:
5859:
RönnbĂ€ck & Broberg (2019) Capital and Colonialism. The Return on British Investments in Africa 1869â1969 (Palgrave Studies in Economic History)
2353:, India and China by sea that would be independent of the established routes controlled by Venetian and Middle Eastern merchants. Naturalists like
7164:
5354:
12838:
12431:
9843:
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754:
wire, holding a book, and highlighting different stages of economic activity and evolving forms of transportation, while on the left, displacing
12826:
12451:
10376:
7400:
10181:
Awaken the archive of a colonial war. Photographs and writings of a French war correspondent during the Italo-Turkish war in Libya (1911â1912)
1898:, for example, were vocal in opposing conscription into the armed services to fight on behalf of Britain during World War I, resulting in the
279:
Because of this broad impact different instances of colonialism have been identified from around the world and in history, starting with when
8555:
8443:
1717:
1251:, which affirmed its stance (though notably, colonial empires such as France, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States abstained).
2963:) not only tend to exclude the subaltern from their discussions, but actively prevent non-Europeans from occupying positions as fully human
1388:
With respect to international borders, Britain and France traced close to 40% of the entire length of the world's international boundaries.
12436:
12426:
2595:
10183:. With contributions from art historian Caroline Recher, critic Smaranda OlcĂšse, writer Mathieu Larnaudie and historian Quentin Deluermoz.
7418:
2930:, but modify or subvert it; for instance by retelling a familiar story from the perspective of an oppressed minor character in the story.
396:
defines colonialism as "the system or policy of a nation seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories". The
9301:
7182:
2156:
population decreased drastically in the 19th century, due in large part to infectious diseases brought by Japanese settlers pouring into
1983:
imperial nation. For example, rights to dual citizenship may be generous, or larger immigrant quotas may be extended to former colonies.
1789:
warriors through the use of weapons made of stronger metal, predominantly iron, which was able to shatter the blades of axes used by the
1017:
8885:
7146:
11166:
10807:
9151:
6876:
Willems, Wim "De uittocht uit Indie (1945â1995), De geschiedenis van Indische Nederlanders" (Publisher: Bert Bakker, Amsterdam, 2001).
5231:
Gold, Dore. (2011). "The Myth of Israel as a Colonialist Entity: An Instrument of Political Warfare to Delegitimize the Jewish State".
4669:
1995:
1961:
403:
offers four definitions, including "something characteristic of a colony" and "control by one power over a dependent area or people".
6575:
6218:
Thong, Tezenlo (2012). "Civilised Colonisers and Barbaric Colonised: Reclaiming Naga Identity by Demythologising Colonial Portraits".
2585:
regarded colonialism as the root cause of imperialism, as imperialism was distinguished by monopoly capitalism via colonialism and as
1353:
The impacts of colonisation are immense and pervasive. Various effects, both immediate and protracted, include the spread of virulent
13065:
12949:
8525:
8406:
368:
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2430:
put forward the notion that northern climates bred vigour and intelligence as opposed to those indigenous to tropical climates (See
13408:
12682:
12327:
11351:
9612:
5886:
1986:
In some cases, the former European imperial nations continue to foster close political and economic ties with former colonies. The
363:
7925:
Greaves, Margaret (2023-06-22). ""The Moon's Corpse Rising": The Poetic Moon and Imperialist Nostalgia from the U.S. to Kashmir".
305:
on a wide range of modern outcomes, as scholars have shown that variations in colonial institutions can account for variations in
13525:
13173:
13168:
13163:
13095:
12462:
11959:
11261:
3938:
2762:
was later attributed to the general typical size difference of the human male body versus that of the typical human female body.
2757:
inherent superiority of the colonial era. Female inferiority across all cultures was emerging as an idea supposedly supported by
1701:
1244:
12976:
6650:
1584:
13428:
12672:
12262:
11380:
7847:
5087:
Barker, Adam J. (2009). "The Contemporary Reality of Canadian Imperialism: Settler Colonialism and the Hybrid Colonial State".
1477:
1267:
9816:
8624:
1910:
upon people under their military control. Native populations were often relocated at the will of the colonial administrators.
810:
had an enterprising maritime trading-culture that spread across the Mediterranean from 1550 BC to 300 BC; later the
13038:
12557:
12456:
11368:
10176:
10124:
10062:
9161:
8487:
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8049:
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7790:
7606:
7541:
6861:
6830:
6805:
6630:
6484:
6453:
6369:
6344:
6303:
6264:
6044:
Forsyth, James. A history of the peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian colony 1581-1990. Cambridge University Press, 1994.
5830:
These statistics exclude the Russian Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, Spain and Denmark. U.S. Tariff Commission.
5656:
5590:
5561:
5530:
5391:
5053:
4956:
4919:
4802:
4714:
4687:
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4373:
4340:
4305:
4280:
4208:
4162:
4043:
3928:
1271:
1080:
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755:
580:
as well as larger colonies where colonists would constitute much of the political and economic administration. The European
13433:
13423:
12848:
12371:
12332:
5696:
3958:
1508:
1131:
321:
to describe the continuation or imposition of elements of colonial rule through indirect means in the contemporary period.
10247:
10221:
Velychenko, Stephen (2002). "The Issue of Russian Colonialism in Ukrainian Thought. Dependency Identity and Development".
9330:
7873:
7808:"Cities in Flight: A Descriptive Examination of the Tropical City Imagined in Twentieth Century Science Fiction Cover Art"
6099:
1797:
weapons cemented the European military advantage over the peoples they sought to subjugate in the Americas and elsewhere.
272:
to cultivate land and life, based on beliefs of entitlement and superiority, historically often rooted in the belief of a
102:
13418:
13271:
13261:
12069:
11979:
10346:
8817:
4127:
3933:
3719:
683:. In fact, everywhere where colonial powers established a consistent and continued presence, hybrid communities existed.
408:
147:, a basic example of colonialism illustrating its different elements, hierarchies and impact on the land and people (the
134:
12094:
9888:
7299:
6199:
Lovejoy, Paul E. (2012). Transformations of Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa. London: Cambridge University Press.
2491:
objective science, Painter and Jeffrey argue, rather it is based on assumptions about the physical world. Comparison of
1087:
modelled itself on European colonial empires and expanded its territories in the Pacific and on the Asian mainland. The
74:
13188:
13178:
12832:
12520:
12337:
10369:
10155:
5131:
2243:
1946:
1704:, when it officially abolished slavery in the 1830s, caused rifts in society which arguably perpetuated slavery in the
905:
12662:
8268:
8208:
13484:
13438:
13115:
12255:
10048:
9788:
9001:
8929:
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8800:
8119:
8092:
8017:
6897:
6881:
6761:
6723:
6685:
6411:
6075:
5921:
5789:
5615:
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2858:
1858:
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colonized a substantial portion of the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Asia and Europe. From the 9th century
776:
170:
121:
8656:
8597:
2840:
2270:, and establish mass vaccination programs there. By 1832, the federal government of the United States established a
1979:, repatriated to the Netherlands. A significant number later migrated to the US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
1840:
1566:
servitude. In the 17th century, nearly two-thirds of English settlers came to North America as indentured servants.
13031:
12964:
12712:
12421:
12366:
12349:
12307:
12302:
12039:
10489:
9804:
9691:
9563:
9551:
9517:
9462:
9416:
9404:
9376:
9288:
9014:
7377:
7355:
7328:
Baten, Joerg; Maravall, Laura (2021). "The Influence of Colonialism on Africa's Welfare: An Anthropometric Study".
6775:
There were also threats to what the Afrikaner perceived as tradition, and slavery was included in this perception.
2875:
662:
81:
9266:
8967:
6651:"Our democracy's founding ideals were false when they were written. Black Americans have fought to make them true"
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612:
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12532:
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10017:
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9078:
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9671:
9242:
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8766:
7681:
7218:
3699:
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domains of male penetration), reconfiguring alien space as absolute, quantifiable and separable (as property)."
2373:
identified and developed techniques to grow cinnamon, tea and rice locally as an alternative to costly imports.
13400:
13155:
12896:
12619:
12406:
12196:
12049:
10935:
9739:
9648:
9354:
9102:
8748:
8680:
8636:
3903:
3833:
2836:
1836:
1569:
European slave traders brought large numbers of African slaves to the Americas by sail. Spain and Portugal had
1306:
559:
59:
17:
9529:
9440:
9126:
2074:
killed a further two million Mexican natives in the 17th century. In 1618â1619, smallpox wiped out 90% of the
572:
involves fewer colonists and focuses on the exploitation of natural resources or labour to the benefit of the
12959:
12727:
12236:
12109:
11331:
10362:
10263:
10197:
10095:
7900:
6092:"So-called referenda in Russian-controlled Ukraine 'cannot be regarded as legal': UN political affairs chief"
1685:: while the British colonial metropole started to move towards outlawing slavery, slave-owning elites in the
88:
12776:
Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge, and Folklore
9930:
9587:
8482:. International Library of Sociology. Translated by Lorimer, E.-O. Routledge (published 2013). p. 137.
6975:
4548:
1578:
1385:
peoples. The cultures of the colonised peoples can also have a powerful influence on the imperial country.
13100:
12911:
12886:
12134:
12129:
11823:
10861:
10494:
7233:
5691:
5260:"Tracing Settler Colonialism: A Genealogy of a Paradigm in the Sociology of Knowledge Production in Israel"
3858:
3155:): 6.5% of the population, of which most are Afrikaans-speaking, in addition to a German-speaking minority.
2936:
2890:
concerned with the political and cultural independence of peoples formerly subjugated in colonial empires.
2832:
2653:. He states it is, "connected with the intensification of the struggle for the partition of the world". As
1918:
1832:
1328:
990:
458:
recognition by the international community or through full incorporation into an existing sovereign state.
55:
1118:
13520:
13281:
12707:
12567:
12441:
12149:
12144:
11929:
9940:
9898:
9798:
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9725:
9701:
9658:
9597:
9573:
9539:
9505:
9450:
9426:
9398:
9364:
9340:
9276:
9252:
9136:
9112:
9088:
9024:
8977:
8852:
8776:
8690:
8666:
6655:
5631:
5132:"Settler Colonialism as Structure: A Framework for Comparative Studies of U.S. Race and Gender Formation"
4008:
2295:
1899:
1374:
750:, a personification of the United States, leads settler civilization westward, bringing light, stringing
585:
454:
According to David Strang, decolonization is achieved through the attainment of sovereign statehood with
233:
8269:"Making Empire Respectable: The Politics of Race and Sexual Morality in 20th-Century Colonical Cultures"
7168:
1696:
from the early 19th century played a part in ending slave-taking and slave-keeping among the indigenous
70:
13489:
13298:
13075:
13004:
10814:
10474:
5323:
4089:
2931:
2183:, then spread across India by 1820. Ten thousand British troops and countless Indians died during this
1914:
1875:
1013:
940:
747:
388:
377:
11131:
9998:
9840:
6592:
6322:
12396:
11178:
11121:
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10293:
9874:
7286:
3948:
3943:
2435:
2419:
2079:
2020:
1516:
1473:
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1002:
298:
10304:
9613:"ComposiciĂłn Ătnica de las Tres Ăreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI"
7397:
6165:
13291:
13010:
12737:
12019:
7557:
Arnold, David (March 2000). ""Illusory Riches": Representations of the Tropical World, 1840â1950".
7269:
5522:
4084:
3593:
2821:
1821:
1520:
1512:
1319:
Analysis of Western European colonialism and colonization § Colonial actions and their impacts
1096:
998:
569:
487:
187:
151:
9153:
ComposiciĂłn Ătnica de las Tres Ăreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI
8111:
The Emerging System of International Criminal Law: Developments in Codification and Implementation
6502:"The Development Effects of the Extractive Colonial Economy: The Dutch Cultivation System in Java"
6256:
The Vanishing Black African Woman: Volume Two: A Compendium of the Global Skin-Lightening Practice
4358:
Race and the Education of Desire: Foucault's History of Sexuality and the Colonial Order of Things
498:. Some historians have identified other forms of colonialism, including national and trade forms.
466:
13464:
13276:
13054:
12931:
12717:
11999:
11919:
11336:
10925:
10836:
10259:
10193:
10091:
8462:
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5259:
4190:
4003:
3757:
3485:
3076:
2969:
2825:
2800:
2794:
2690:
2483:
2358:
2283:
2275:
2231:
1987:
1887:
1825:
1763:
1041:
1033:
566:, are examples of nations created or expanded in their contemporary form by settler colonization.
48:
11733:
7722:
Bassett, Thomas J. (1994). "Cartography and Empire Building in Nineteenth-Century West Africa".
7629:
Bassett, Thomas J. (1994). "Cartography and Empire Building in Nineteenth-Century West Africa".
1028:(1808â1833). Empire-builders established several new colonies after this time, including in the
786:
Activity that could be called colonialism has a long history, starting at least as early as the
12916:
12867:
Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge (GRATK)
12515:
12446:
12312:
12247:
11326:
11306:
11156:
10826:
10454:
10013:"Introduction: The historiography of slavery in the Danish-Norwegian West Indies, c. 1950â2016"
9302:"Tabla II.3 PoblaciĂłn por color de la piel y grupos de edades, segĂșn zona de residencia y sexo"
8065:
8000:. In Gallaher, Carolyn; Dahlman, Carl; Gilmartin, Mary; Mountz, Alison; Shirlow, Peter (eds.).
7782:
7773:
Gregory, Derek; Johnston, Ron; Pratt, Geraldine; Watts, Michael; Whatmore, Sarah, eds. (2009).
7415:
6853:
6847:
6797:
6791:
6622:
6616:
6058:. In Gallaher, Carolyn; Dahlman, Carl; Gilmartin, Mary; Mountz, Alison; Shirlow, Peter (eds.).
5873:
3973:
3350:
3142:
3108:
3047:
2423:
2259:
2176:
2114:
1447:
1443:
1378:
1147:
1029:
986:
768:
581:
166:
139:
11193:
9974:
European Colonial Rule, 1880â1940: The Impact of the West on India, Southeast Asia, and Africa
9309:
8992:
8832:, About 50,000 Europeans (mostly French) and Lebanese reside in Senegal, mainly in the cities.
8532:. Consulate General of the People's Republic of China in Toronto. 16 June 2021. Archived from
8164:
8137:
8080:
7997:
7186:
6476:
6470:
6055:
5646:
5578:
5551:
3039:
2871:
12921:
12542:
12344:
11480:
11435:
11246:
10841:
10069:
Harper Encyclopedia of the Modern World: A Concise Reference History from 1760 to the Present
8920:
8882:
8791:
8363:"Gender, Race, and Nation: The Comparative Anatomy of "Hottentot" women in Europe, 1815â1817"
8109:
7150:
7122:
6445:
6439:
4946:
4909:
4033:
3354:
3168:
3033:
2887:
2715:
2678:
2603:
2572:
Marxism views colonialism as a form of capitalism, enforcing exploitation and social change.
2414:
Anne Godlewska and Neil Smith argue that "empire was 'quintessentially a geographical project
1938:
1201:
967:
803:
491:
11296:
9388:
8479:
The Sociology of the Colonies [Part 1]: An Introduction to the Study of Race Contact
7774:
7596:
6718:. Routledge Revivals (reprint ed.). Abingdon: Routledge (published 2011). p. 203.
4942:
4905:
4564:
3308:
2536:
430:
13515:
13454:
13368:
13105:
12891:
12602:
12491:
12354:
11989:
11869:
11638:
11445:
11286:
11213:
10905:
10866:
10851:
10385:
9477:
8526:"Main Data of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from the Seventh National Population Census"
8233:(Gale Virtual Reference Library ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 57â65
7731:
7638:
7566:
6544:
4794:
4509:
3913:
3893:
3883:
3747:
3737:
3602:
3431:
3340:
2964:
2578:
2427:
2387:
2346:
2279:
2168:
1999:
1775:
1570:
1548:
1204:
divided up the German colonial empire and much of the Ottoman Empire between themselves as
1100:
699:
687:
668:
655:
603:
495:
306:
225:
11460:
8533:
6994:
3010:
studies colonialism from such viewpoints as those of economics, sociology and psychology.
1871:
1262:
in 1956, to refer to a variety of contexts since the decolonisation that took place after
8:
13378:
13373:
13236:
12597:
12496:
12317:
12179:
12059:
12029:
11949:
11475:
11415:
10736:
10656:
7934:
7252:
7049:
6646:
5518:
Negotiating with Imperialism: The Unequal Treaties and the Culture of Japanese Diplomacy.
5186:
Veracini, Lorenzo (2007). "Historylessness: Australia as a settler colonial collective".
4706:
States and Power in Africa: Comparative Lessons in Authority and Control - Second Edition
4671:
The Deep Roots of Modern Democracy: Geography and the Diffusion of Political Institutions
4132:
3853:
3723:
3703:
3694:
3413:
3132:
3019:
2738:
2650:
2615:
1779:
1743:
1682:
1302:
1298:
1167:
1107:
1049:
1045:
739:
729:
593:
502:
483:
302:
183:
179:
95:
11223:
9631:
7735:
7642:
7570:
7356:"Dr. Francisco de Balmis and his Mission of Mercy, Society of Philippine Health History"
5947:
Beyond Empire and Nation: The Decolonization of African and Asian societies, 1930sâ1970s
4879:
3689:
2912:
2621:
In his critique of colonialism in Africa, the Guyanese historian and political activist
1180:
818:
continued on this line of setting up colonies. The Romans would soon follow, setting up
13209:
12981:
12971:
12572:
12537:
12481:
12322:
12191:
12186:
12169:
12164:
11633:
11141:
11078:
10238:
9935:
9893:
9793:
9744:
9720:
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9592:
9568:
9534:
9500:
9445:
9421:
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9335:
9271:
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9219:
9194:
9131:
9107:
9083:
9019:
8972:
8847:
8771:
8729:
8685:
8661:
7755:
7747:
7704:
7662:
7654:
7478:
7470:
7200:
How did Easter Island's ancient statues lead to the destruction of an entire ecosystem?
7099:
7072:
7006:
6931:
6567:
6545:"Colonial Legacies and State Institutions in China: Evidence From a Natural Experiment"
6274:
6235:
6146:
6027:
5951:
5471:
5436:
5346:
5279:
5240:
5213:
5154:
5112:
5104:
5008:
4981:"From Dependency to Sovereignty: An Event History Analysis of Decolonization 1870-1987"
4720:
4490:
4463:"From Dependency to Sovereignty: An Event History Analysis of Decolonization 1870-1987"
4443:
3863:
3659:
3517:
3299:
3253:
3214:
3194:
3152:
2923:, arguing that they helped to shape a societal fantasy of European racial superiority.
2916:
2898:
2670:
2607:
2590:
2545:
2509:
2505:
2354:
2188:
2103:
2099:
2024:
1790:
1758:
1731:
1552:
1458:
1382:
1223:
1218:
893:
815:
637:
states were forced to open their ports to Western powers. Examples of this include the
269:
229:
208:, which spread globally from the 15th century to the mid-20th century, spanning 35% of
191:
11623:
10329:
10253:
10187:
9180:
8950:
8921:
Migrant resettlement in the Russian federation: reconstructing 'homes' and 'homelands'
8865:
6403:
6208:
Ferguson, Niall (2003). Empire: How Britain Made the Modern World. London: Allen Lane.
5751:
4587:
13474:
13343:
13308:
13251:
13219:
13136:
12807:
12416:
12279:
12154:
12099:
11939:
11728:
11390:
11316:
11291:
11093:
10895:
10281:
10242:
10215:
10172:
10151:
10120:
10085:
10072:
10058:
10044:
9623:
9224:
9157:
8997:
8925:
8796:
8721:
8483:
8387:
8362:
8334:
8170:
8143:
8115:
8088:
8045:
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7973:
7963:
7938:
7829:
7786:
7775:
7759:
7708:
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7537:
7104:
6893:
6877:
6857:
6826:
6801:
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6719:
6681:
6626:
6571:
6480:
6449:
6407:
6365:
6340:
6299:
6260:
6239:
6173:
6150:
6138:
6071:
6031:
5917:
5835:
5785:
5652:
5611:
5586:
5557:
5534:
5526:
5475:
5440:
5428:
5387:
5350:
5302:
5283:
5217:
5158:
5116:
5049:
5028:
The Kaiser's Holocaust: Germany's Forgotten Genocide and the Colonial Roots of Nazism
5000:
4952:
4915:
4861:
4798:
4769:
4740:"Colonial Legacy, State-building and the Salience of Ethnicity in Sub-Saharan Africa"
4710:
4683:
4648:
4615:
4607:
4568:
4529:
4482:
4435:
4369:
4336:
4311:
4301:
4276:
4248:
4204:
4168:
4158:
4039:
3993:
3918:
3848:
3715:
3577:
3407:
3313:
3273:
2941:
2904:
2750:
2706:
2638:
According to Lenin, the new imperialism emphasised the transition of capitalism from
2333:
2263:
2192:
2075:
1972:
1965:
1922:
1686:
1346:
1275:
1188:
1068:
1037:
975:
811:
734:
715:
680:
617:
597:
334:
273:
261:
241:
221:
12652:
11208:
8733:
7824:
7807:
7482:
7147:"Stacy Goodling, "Effects of European Diseases on the Inhabitants of the New World""
5955:
5945:
4200:
2492:
2051:, measles, malaria, yellow fever, and others were unknown in pre-Columbian America.
13494:
13363:
13286:
12936:
12906:
12901:
12860:
12782:
12609:
12297:
12159:
12089:
11859:
11778:
11773:
11698:
11673:
11618:
11608:
11598:
11568:
11548:
11538:
11405:
11400:
11358:
11301:
11098:
10781:
10776:
10751:
10696:
10671:
10298:
10230:
10026:
9820:
9214:
9206:
8829:
8713:
8291:
8283:
8005:
7930:
7819:
7739:
7696:
7646:
7592:
7574:
7462:
7337:
7307:
7094:
7084:
6559:
6523:
6513:
6399:
6227:
6130:
6063:
6019:
5705:
5463:
5420:
5338:
5271:
5203:
5195:
5146:
5096:
4992:
4851:
4759:
4751:
4675:
4640:
4599:
4560:
4521:
4474:
4427:
4361:
4240:
4196:
3983:
3908:
3843:
3838:
3789:
3773:
3665:
3617:
3364:
3283:
3204:
2790:
2631:
2449:
2439:
2391:
2382:
2299:
2271:
2140:. Introduced diseases, notably smallpox, nearly wiped out the native population of
2039:
1933:
1397:
1259:
1155:
1143:
1088:
955:
948:
861:
849:
772:
743:
703:
626:
them into the state, but only as reflections of the state's preferred culture. The
482:
various overlapping categories of colonialism, broadly classified into four types:
344:
11763:
10337:
10031:
10012:
8287:
5985:
5342:
4819:
1289:
The term "neocolonialism" became popular in ex-colonies in the late 20th century.
13323:
13318:
13313:
13231:
12844:
12283:
12216:
11889:
11808:
11768:
11738:
11723:
11688:
11683:
11653:
11628:
11613:
11588:
11573:
11508:
11485:
11470:
11455:
11440:
11311:
11266:
11251:
11241:
11063:
11058:
10915:
10910:
10890:
10878:
10341:
10141:
9847:
9678:
9176:
9061:
8889:
8643:
8477:
8381:
8212:
7422:
7404:
7240:
7222:
7058:
6751:
6713:
6675:
6599:
6231:
5911:
5516:
4788:
4330:
4270:
4122:
3998:
3873:
3643:
3495:
3475:
3263:
3243:
3100:
2974:
2911:(1925â1961) made similar claims decades before SaĂŻd). SaĂŻd analyzed the works of
2686:
2362:
1903:
1891:
1362:
1139:
1084:
865:
819:
711:
707:
398:
373:
201:
8325:
Fee, E. (1979). "Nineteenth-century craniology: The study of the female skull".
7700:
5684:
4844:"What Is Colonialism? The Dual Claims of a Twentieth-Century Political Category"
3436:
2673:
were generally in abstract opposition to colonialism and imperialism, including
2121:
1697:
857:
675:
of the Americas, as well as racially divided populations such as those found in
13120:
12954:
12926:
12767:
12614:
12582:
12547:
12508:
12206:
12114:
12104:
11833:
11708:
11693:
11668:
11663:
11658:
11603:
11578:
11533:
11513:
11375:
11346:
11321:
11276:
11256:
11218:
11173:
11053:
11043:
10900:
10731:
10544:
7073:"The first smallpox epidemic on the Canadian Plains: In the fur-traders' words"
6134:
6091:
6010:
Uzoigw, Godfrey N. (2019). "Neocolonialism Is Dead: Long Live Neocolonialism".
5512:
3824:
3801:
3239:
3235:
3043:
3023:
2989:
2746:
2682:
2582:
2560:
2479:
2291:
2267:
2208:
2204:
2133:
2083:
1705:
1469:
1451:
1417:
1255:
1240:
1236:
1163:
1076:
1072:
1021:
994:
971:
936:
932:
916:
901:
795:
695:
676:
607:
318:
314:
294:
265:
257:
155:
148:
8813:
8009:
7466:
7341:
6909:
6067:
5199:
4856:
4172:
2920:
13509:
12577:
12361:
12139:
11969:
11879:
11828:
11798:
11788:
11718:
11713:
11703:
11563:
11553:
11543:
11518:
11385:
11363:
11281:
11188:
11161:
11146:
11088:
10771:
10276:
10130:
9627:
9037:
8893:
8717:
8583:
Re-conceptualizing Taiwan: Settler Colonial Criticism and Cultural Production
8444:"Colonial nostalgia is back in fashion, blinding us to the horrors of empire"
7977:
7833:
6563:
6177:
6142:
5583:
Dutch Culture Overseas: Colonial Practice in the Netherlands Indies 1900â1942
5432:
5275:
5162:
5150:
5004:
4865:
4773:
4738:
Ali, Merima; Fjeldstad, Odd-Helge; Jiang, Boqian; Shifa, Abdulaziz B (2018).
4611:
4572:
4533:
4510:"The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation"
4486:
4439:
4315:
4252:
4094:
3953:
3898:
3763:
3711:
3671:
3545:
3426:
3417:
3336:
3224:
2956:
2622:
2611:
2586:
2370:
2342:
2328:
2287:
2239:
2235:
2219:
2141:
1345:
The Dutch Public Health Service provides medical care for the natives of the
1249:
Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
1209:
1092:
920:
873:
853:
787:
551:
9860:
8581:
7595:; Dahlman, Carl T.; Gilmartin, Mary; Mountz, Alison; Shirlow, Peter (2009).
7578:
7374:"Lewis Cass and the Politics of Disease: The Indian Vaccination Act of 1832"
7300:"Sahib: The British Soldier in India, 1750â1914 by Richard Holmes [AsiâŠ"
6518:
5553:
Being "Dutch" in the Indies: A History of Creolisation and Empire, 1500â1920
4603:
4189:
Go, Julian (2007). "Colonialism (Neocolonialism)". In Ritzer, George (ed.).
2215:
665:
program to force native children to assimilate into the hegemonic culture.
13383:
13303:
13256:
12391:
12119:
11803:
11793:
11783:
11648:
11643:
11583:
11558:
11528:
11523:
11430:
11425:
11271:
11151:
10885:
10821:
10691:
10681:
10676:
10595:
10585:
10529:
10419:
10288:
8725:
8205:
7108:
6753:
To what extent was the Great Trek undertaken to preserve Afrikaner Culture?
6296:
Scars of Partition: Postcolonial Legacies in French and British Borderlands
5648:
Colonialism: An International, Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia
4724:
4704:
4668:
Gerring, John; Apfeld, Brendan; Wig, Tore; Tollefsen, Andreas ForĂž (2022).
4619:
3988:
3888:
3868:
3380:
3279:
3138:
2908:
2698:
2599:
2404:
2369:
did not possess an extensive colonial network, botanical research based on
2223:
2063:
1991:
1786:
1677:
1560:
1482:
1263:
1232:
1213:
1174:
1135:
982:
963:
845:
799:
691:
634:
577:
547:
348:
280:
217:
13023:
12587:
10234:
10110:
Colonialism: An International Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia
9228:
8296:
7498:
Colonial Botany: Science, Commerce, and Politics in the Early Modern World
7089:
6023:
5819:
Colonialism: An International Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia
5768:
Colonialism: An International Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia
4679:
4644:
4525:
3441:
2098:
diseases. Over the centuries, the Europeans had developed high degrees of
900:
and reached its greatest nominal colonial extent at the conclusion of the
13469:
13348:
13328:
13226:
13141:
11818:
11813:
11748:
11743:
11593:
11465:
11420:
11410:
11203:
11198:
11136:
11073:
10856:
10831:
10756:
10716:
10686:
10641:
10620:
10600:
10580:
10570:
10539:
10404:
9210:
8501:
There are thus three elements in Colonistics or colonial study: Colonial
8338:
6528:
5538:
4821:
Neocolonialism | Definition, Examples, & Facts | Britannica
4709:. Vol. 149 (REV - Revised, 2 ed.). Princeton University Press.
4365:
3978:
3753:
3567:
3535:
3511:
3397:
3220:
3059:
2988:
survey found that British people are mostly proud of colonialism and the
2952:
2894:
2694:
2519:
2459:
2431:
2400:
2349:
were seeking to establish routes to trade spices, dyes and silk from the
2172:
2153:
2118:
1976:
1693:
1413:
1409:
1370:
1197:
723:
539:
506:
414:
330:
237:
213:
175:
7359:
7010:
5709:
5467:
5244:
5108:
4739:
4244:
2926:
Writers of post-colonial fiction interact with the traditional colonial
2903:(1978) as the theory's founding work (although French theorists such as
1882:, British Secretary of State for India, after a meeting on 18 April 1946
927:
The European early modern period began with the Turkish colonization of
722:) the vast majority of "Dutch" settlers were in fact Eurasians known as
144:
13353:
12941:
12624:
12201:
12009:
11909:
11758:
11678:
11450:
11341:
11183:
11126:
11103:
11068:
11017:
11007:
10975:
10920:
10746:
10726:
10651:
10615:
10519:
10504:
10429:
10354:
10147:
The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America
7534:
Geographical thought : an introduction to ideas in human geography
5424:
5100:
5012:
4980:
4755:
4494:
4462:
4447:
4415:
3683:
3501:
3386:
3374:
3360:
3346:
3249:
2758:
2742:
2734:
2710:
2702:
2674:
2654:
2646:
2639:
2610:, meanwhile, between 1918 and 1923 and then after 1929, considered the
2408:
2247:
2055:
1574:
1358:
1151:
1009:
889:
885:
837:
638:
422:
consistently distinguishing between the two terms, this entry will use
310:
245:
205:
182:, whereby colonial settlers invade and occupy territory to permanently
7751:
7658:
7474:
6417:
5916:. Seminar Studies (2 ed.). Abingdon: Routledge (published 2014).
5208:
4764:
3158:
2365:
compiled data about eastern plants on behalf of the Europeans. Though
1106:
In the late 19th century, many European powers became involved in the
13459:
13214:
12592:
12562:
12503:
11899:
11838:
11395:
11038:
10965:
10950:
10871:
10791:
10786:
10711:
10666:
10646:
10625:
10610:
10590:
10575:
10439:
10399:
8035:
8033:
8031:
8029:
7215:
5408:
3777:
3743:
3677:
3613:
3555:
3455:
3392:
3200:
3178:
3088:
2927:
2879:
2573:
2302:
has grown from 1.6 billion in 1900 to over seven billion today.
2137:
2110:
2095:
2091:
1956:
1794:
1710:
1490:
1486:
877:
869:
824:
throughout the Mediterranean, in North Africa, and in Western Asia.
807:
791:
751:
719:
671:
gave rise to culturally and ethnically mixed populations such as the
642:
588:
was largely conducted under the auspices of exploitation colonialism.
573:
519:
515:
340:
288:
9672:
Resultado Basico del XIV Censo Nacional de PoblaciĂłn y Vivienda 2011
9308:(in Spanish). Oficina Nacional de EstadĂsticas. 2002. Archived from
7038:
The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492
6677:
Outcasts of the Gods? The Struggle over Slavery in Maori New Zealand
4996:
4478:
4431:
4229:"Reverberations of Empire: How the Colonial Past Shapes the Present"
4069:
Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language
3598:
2977:
as the most accomplished of all, while Kant also had some traces of
2810:
2033:
1810:
1158:
had felt varying degrees of Western colonial-style influence â
1059:
37:
13266:
13204:
13183:
12552:
12174:
11753:
11490:
11083:
11048:
11022:
11002:
10955:
10766:
10721:
10605:
10509:
10499:
10464:
10434:
8954:
8226:
7743:
7650:
5910:
White, Nicholas (17 July 2014). "Economics and the end of Empire".
3767:
3639:
3627:
3583:
3529:
3491:
3332:
3289:
3184:
3164:
3107:
Nations and regions outside Europe with significant populations of
3094:
3066:
2773:
2643:
2526:
and the Moon have become an object of non-terrestrial colonialism.
2515:
2350:
2324:
2184:
2164:
2157:
2048:
1498:
1436:
1432:
1405:
1354:
1184:
Map of colonial and land-based empires throughout the world in 1914
959:
928:
897:
881:
841:
418:
284:
8026:
6796:. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press. pp.
5070:"The Legacy of the Chinese Empires Beyond "the West and the Rest""
12525:
12412:
Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin
12211:
12124:
11012:
10980:
10970:
10741:
10701:
10534:
10459:
10444:
10424:
10324:
7453:
Iliffe, John (1989). "The Origins of African Population Growth".
6936:
Portail de lâOrganisation Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF)
6852:. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press. p.
6621:. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press. p.
5986:"Neocolonialism | Definition, Examples, & Facts | Britannica"
3732:
3649:
3633:
3589:
3549:
3523:
3465:
3328:
3295:
3269:
3259:
3230:
3210:
3174:
3148:
3114:
2658:
2316:
2227:
2200:
2196:
2145:
2129:
2071:
2007:
1782:
exploited this military foundation further during his conquests.
1771:
1722:
1589:
1502:
1279:
672:
555:
510:
253:
12277:
10301:. Translated by Constance Farrington. London: Penguin Book, 2001
7436:"Fact sheet N°259: African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness"
6472:
No Turning Back: The History of Feminism and The Future of Women
6441:
No Turning Back: The History of Feminism and The Future of Women
2689:, H.R. Fox Bourne, Edward Morel, Josephine Butler, W.J. Fox and
2589:
explains: "Vladimir Lenin advocated forcefully the principle of
2117:
in the early years of British colonisation. It also killed many
726:, formally belonging to the European legal class in the colony.
13358:
13246:
12703:
Ministry for the Development of the Russian Far East and Arctic
10960:
10761:
10549:
10524:
10514:
10484:
10469:
7927:
Lyric Poetry and Space Exploration from Einstein to the Present
5299:
The Development of Capitalism in Colonial Indochina (1870â1940)
4951:. trans. Shelley Frisch. Markus Weiner Publishers. p. 16.
4914:. trans. Shelley Frisch. Markus Weiner Publishers. p. 15.
3783:
3655:
3606:
3561:
3541:
3471:
3127:
3082:
3055:
2985:
2978:
2523:
2366:
2320:
2312:
2180:
2125:
2059:
1975:, of which the majority were people of Eurasian descent called
1942:
1895:
1556:
1424:
1401:
1283:
627:
563:
543:
527:
523:
249:
198:
9995:
Western Power in Asia: Its Slow Rise and Swift Fall, 1415â1999
8254:
The nature and causes of the wealth of nations ("Of Colonies")
7840:
7591:
2163:
Conversely, researchers have hypothesised that a precursor to
13333:
13090:
10990:
10479:
10414:
10079:
The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism
8868:, Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations. Thomson Gale. 2007.
7991:
7989:
7987:
7495:
7398:
Smallpox History â Other histories of smallpox in South Asia.
5384:
Race, Ethnicity, Crime, and Justice: An International Dilemma
3481:
3403:
3368:
3190:
3072:
2960:
1998:
plays a similar role for former Portuguese colonies, and the
1428:
944:
833:
535:
531:
209:
9149:
6938:(in French). Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie.
6390:
Acemoglu, Daron; Johnson, Simon; Robinson, James A. (2005).
4508:
Acemoglu, Daron; Johnson, Simon; Robinson, James A. (2001).
630:
is the archetypal example of a national-colonialist society.
13110:
12839:
UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)
10985:
10409:
9610:
8556:"How Much Does Beijing Control the Ethnic Makeup of Tibet?"
7918:
7781:(5th ed.). Chichester (UK): Wiley-Blackwell. pp.
5638:
5490:"A Typology of Colonialism | Perspectives on History | AHA"
3795:
3573:
3507:
3322:
3118:
2149:
2067:
471:
7984:
6950:"Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries â CPLP | DGES"
4300:. Lincoln: U of Nebraska Press. p. 24, 81, 421, 430.
2002:
is the equivalent for former colonies of the Netherlands.
1894:
and resented colonial practices. Francophone residents of
606:
is a notion of uneven structural power between areas of a
268:. Colonialism has been justified with beliefs of having a
13390:
10554:
10449:
10135:
The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World
8386:(3 ed.). Indiana University press. pp. 359â76.
8162:
7772:
4667:
2973:(1807), famous for its explicit ethnocentrism, considers
2338:
2167:
may have been carried from the New World to Europe after
1416:
to India. With the development of trade routes under the
10041:
Coloniser, Exterminer â Sur la guerre et l'Etat colonial
10005:
Modern Imperialism and Colonialism: A Global Perspective
8356:
8354:
8352:
8350:
8348:
7536:. Harlow, England: Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. 4â5.
6995:"Cultural Conflicts: North African Immigrants in France"
6392:"Institutions as a Fundamental Cause of Long-Run Growth"
6195:
6193:
4272:
Settling for Less: Why States Colonize and Why They Stop
2466:
spaces for the glory of their respective countries. The
1928:
6389:
4507:
3969:
International relations of the Great Powers (1814â1919)
3964:
Impact of Western European colonialism and colonisation
2124:. As late as 1848â49, as many as 40,000 out of 150,000
2082:
brought devastation and drastic depopulation among the
1408:, up to 120 Roman ships would set sail every year from
212:'s land by 1800 and peaking at 84% by the beginning of
9195:"Genetic epidemiology of single gene defects in Chile"
5944:
Betts, Raymond F; Bogaerts, Els; Raben, Raben (2012).
4790:
European Overseas Empire, 1879 â 1999: A Short History
4737:
2238:
during the early decades of colonial rule, conflicts,
2078:
Native Americans. Smallpox epidemics in 1780â1782 and
2058:
in 1518 was killed by smallpox. Smallpox also ravaged
8345:
7812:
ETropic: Electronic Journal of Studies in the Tropics
6190:
5887:"How Western scholars overlooked Russian imperialism"
2274:
program for Native Americans. Under the direction of
2195:, who mainly worked in India, who developed and used
2029:
Impact and evaluation of colonialism and colonization
1083:
across the Bering Strait. From the 1860s onwards the
12402:
Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador
7929:. Oxford University PressOxford. p. 101âC3P68.
6976:"Taalunie â Union for the Dutch Language â Taalunie"
4549:"The Importance of History for Economic Development"
3814:
3548:): 9% or ~17% of the population. and 70â80% more as
2191:'s officers survived to take the final voyage home.
347:", which was used to describe tenant farmers in the
291:, the base colonial separation and characteristic.
12827:
Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (ILO C169)
9988:
Colonialism in Question: Theory, Knowledge, History
9331:"Dominican Republic § People and Society"
7848:"Deep sea mining and neocolonialism in the Pacific"
7123:"Guns Germs & Steel: Variables. Smallpox | PBS"
5870:
A Short History of International Affairs, 1920â1939
5324:"The Surrogate Colonization of Palestine 1917â1939"
3103:: 80%+ Han Chinese, <20% Indigenous Manchurians.
2951:(1999), Spivak argued that major works of European
1954:birthplace. 900,000 French colonists (known as the
1542:
970:divided the areas of these "new" lands between the
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
10003:Getz, Trevor R. and Heather Streets-Salter, eds.:
8996:". Petr Kokaisl, Pavla Kokaislova (2009). p. 125.
8463:"The British Empire is 'something to be proud of'"
8066:"Imperialism: A Study â Online Library of Liberty"
7051:Smallpox â The Fight to Eradicate a Global Scourge
5943:
4382:
3706:immigrant family in Hawaii during the 19th century
2086:. Some believe that the death of up to 95% of the
1968:after Dutch military control of the colony ended.
12855:UN Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (UNDROP)
9889:"French Polynesia § People and Society"
7892:
5913:Decolonisation: The British Experience since 1945
5046:The Shadow of Colonialism on Europe's Modern Past
4818:Halperin, Sandra (2023-12-02). "Neocolonialism".
4328:
3377:(Russians and other Slavs): 14% of the population
2152:, approximately one-third of the population. The
1305:. There is also ongoing debate in academia about
1173:Asking whether colonies paid, economic historian
939:in 1453, the sea routes discovered by Portuguese
856:colonisation began, with competitors such as the
13507:
10310:A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies
10057:, 1992, New Press; Reprint edition (June 1997),
7253:Genetic Study Bolsters Columbus Link to Syphilis
5694:(1955). "The Turkish colonization of Anatolia".
5413:Studies in Comparative International Development
3389:(Russians and other Slavs): 1% of the population
3383:(Russians and other Slavs): 4% of the population
1605:Number of slaves imported between 1450 and 1870
742:is an allegorical representation of the idea of
12761:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
12432:International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
10011:Jensen, Niklas Thode; Simonsen, Gunvor (2016).
9611:Francisco Lizcano FernĂĄndez (MayâAugust 2005).
9192:
8646:Statistics (where available) from CIA Factbook.
8409:10 February 2016, by Dean Burnett, The Guardian
8365:. In Muriel Lederman and Ingrid Bartsch (ed.).
8360:
7416:Conquest and Disease or Colonialism and Health?
6610:
6608:
6385:
6383:
6381:
5409:"Internal colonialism and national development"
3161:: estimated to be approx. 25% of the population
2453:Comparison of Africa in the years 1880 and 1913
1785:The Spanish Empire held a major advantage over
1396:Economic expansion, sometimes described as the
228:, which keeps the colonized socio-economically
13096:Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)
12452:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
10010:
9981:Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism Since 1450
9789:"French Guiana § People and Society"
8231:Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism since 1450
8142:. East African Publishers. pp. 149, 224.
8114:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 90ff.
8039:
7866:
7496:Londa Schiebinger; Claudia Swan, eds. (2007).
7270:"Columbus May Have Brought Syphilis to Europe"
7070:
7025:The Cambridge Historical Dictionary of Disease
5806:Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism Since 1450
5779:
5740:Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism Since 1450
5644:
5257:
4636:Colonial Origins of Democracy and Dictatorship
4588:"The historical roots of economic development"
4416:"Global Patterns of Decolonization, 1500-1987"
4349:
4035:Preface to Colonialism: a theoretical overview
2070:in the 1530s, aiding the European conquerors.
1391:
197:Colonialism developed as a concept describing
178:regime, colonialism can also take the form of
13039:
12263:
10370:
10137:, The New Press, 2007. ISBN 978-1-56584-785-9
10067:Morris, Richard B. and Graham W. Irwin, eds.
8703:
8657:"South Africa § People and Society"
8135:
7327:
6120:
6047:
5782:European Elites and Ideas of Empire 1917â1957
5048:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 126.
5043:
5039:
5037:
4289:
4120:
3462:): 97% European and mestizo of the population
2446:appropriation of space enabling colonialism.
1243:shows support for decolonisation in its 1945
441:" He settles on a three-sentence definition:
12437:National Indigenous Organization of Colombia
12427:Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism
10876:
9692:"Bahamas The § People and Society"
9564:"Puerto Rico § People and Society"
9417:"El Salvador § People and Society"
9015:"Turkemistan § People and Society"
8945:
8943:
8941:
8939:
8937:
8407:Male and female brains: the REAL differences
8380:Stepan, Nancy (1993). Sandra Harding (ed.).
8260:
7806:Menadue, Christopher Benjamin (2018-09-04).
7531:
6715:Primitive Economics of the New Zealand Maori
6645:
6605:
6602:", by Richard Hofstadter, Montgomery College
6378:
6279:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
5884:
5301:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
4335:. Princeton University Press. pp. 2â3.
2665:
2418:". Historical geographical theories such as
2109:Smallpox decimated the native population of
13053:
10812:
9267:"Costa Rica § People and Society"
8968:"Kyrgyzstan § People and Society"
8590:
8251:
7519:, 2nd ed., Sage. "Imperialism" p. 23 (GIC).
7511:
7509:
7507:
7077:The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases
4941:
4904:
3091:: 74.3% Han Chinese, 13.5% Indigenous Malay
2839:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2266:) to transport the smallpox vaccine to the
1839:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1750:servility despite legislative prohibition.
1095:gained overseas territories after the 1898
1024:largely collapsed in the Americas with the
923:of Spain and Portugal between 1580 and 1640
649:
13046:
13032:
12270:
12256:
10377:
10363:
10220:
10150:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 448.
9496:"Nicaragua § People and Society"
9079:"Argentina § People and Society"
8430:The Other, Key Concepts in Human Geography
8423:
8421:
8419:
8417:
8415:
8191:Africa under Colonial Domination 1880â1935
7766:
6500:Dell, Melissa; Olken, Benjamin A. (2020).
6444:. Random House Publishing Group. pp.
5784:. Cambridge University Press. p. 14.
5549:
5034:
4116:
4114:
4112:
2222:influence of colonialism on Africans, the
1996:Community of Portuguese Language Countries
1519:, financed by shares that established the
1274:, or the operations of companies (such as
1091:fought for hegemony in South America. The
13111:North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
12693:National Commission on Indigenous Peoples
10030:
9716:"Barbados § People and Society"
9381:
9243:"Columbia § People and Society"
9218:
8934:
8843:"Eswatini § People and Society"
8767:"Botswana § People and Society"
8746:
8460:
8295:
8085:Encyclopedia of International Development
7995:
7823:
7585:
7527:
7525:
7098:
7088:
6849:People on the Move: An Atlas of Migration
6793:People on the Move: An Atlas of Migration
6618:People on the Move: An Atlas of Migration
6542:
6527:
6517:
6499:
6166:"Come Back, Colonialism, All Is Forgiven"
6053:
5846:Raymond Leslie Buell, "Do Colonies Pay?"
5727:The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415â1825
5207:
4855:
4763:
4674:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4639:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4079:
4077:
4064:
4062:
3046:leaving Ireland, many in response to the
2859:Learn how and when to remove this message
2187:. Between 1736 and 1834 only some 10% of
1890:peoples and French-Canadians experienced
1859:Learn how and when to remove this message
369:The East Offering its Riches to Britannia
301:between 1945 and 1975. Colonialism has a
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
12683:National Institute of Indigenous Peoples
10384:
10140:
9740:"Bermuda § People and Society"
9649:"Uruguay § People and Society"
9355:"Ecuador § People and Society"
9103:"Bolivia § People and Society"
8681:"Naimbia § People and Society"
7504:
7425:, Gresham College | Lectures and Events.
6468:
6437:
6339:. New York: Modern Library. p. 45.
5721:
5719:
5605:
5406:
5381:
5258:Sabbagh-Khoury, Areej (March 15, 2022).
5185:
5044:Healy, Roisin; Dal Lago, Enrico (2014).
4817:
4632:
4388:
3698:
3597:
3435:
3400:(Spanish Ancestry): 3% of the population
3307:
3113:
3069:: 42.24% Han settlers, 44.96% Indigenous
3038:
3027:
2870:
2482:(as of 1910). At its height, it was the
2473:
2448:
2386:
2032:
1932:
1870:
1757:
1716:
1583:
1507:
1454:trade routes (white) established in 1568
1442:
1335:
1322:
1228:) in Eastern Europe in the early 1940s.
1187:
1179:
1117:
1058:
966:or conquered large extents of land. The
915:
728:
611:
465:
362:
133:
13116:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
12803:UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
11960:Reflections on the Revolution in France
9530:"Panama § People and Society"
9472:
9470:
9441:"Mexico § People and Society"
9127:"Brazil § People and Society"
8792:Migration and development co-operation.
8475:
8412:
8320:
8318:
8316:
8314:
8224:
7924:
7805:
7721:
7628:
7559:Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography
7550:
6912:. The National Archives, United Kingdom
6825:. New York: Modern Library. p. 6.
6364:. New York: Modern Library. p. 5.
5407:Casanova, Pablo Gonzalez (1965-04-01).
5025:
4786:
4565:10.1146/annurev.economics.050708.143336
4389:Abay, Robel Afeworki; Soldatic, Karen.
4268:
4192:The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology
4109:
4038:. Markus Weiner Publishers. p. x.
4027:
4025:
3939:European colonisation of Southeast Asia
3085:: 95â97% Han Taiwanese, 2.3% Indigenous
461:
14:
13508:
12673:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
10205:European colonial expansion since 1871
10189:Colonialism and Imperialism, 1450â1950
8951:"Russians left behind in Central Asia"
8697:
8586:(Thesis) – via escholarship.org.
8379:
8266:
8201:
8199:
8169:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 271.
7898:
7679:
7556:
7522:
7515:"Painter, J. & Jeffrey, A., 2009.
7452:
6999:International Journal of Peace Studies
6992:
6954:DGES- Direção-Geral de Ensino Superior
6820:
6673:
6359:
6334:
6253:Mercy, Olumide, Yetunde (2016-10-06).
6102:from the original on 28 September 2022
6009:
5968:
5296:
5086:
4978:
4841:
4702:
4460:
4413:
4355:
4295:
4152:
4074:
4059:
4031:
2207:in the 1890s, is considered the first
2014:
1753:
1700:. On the other hand, British colonial
1268:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
981:The 17th century saw the birth of the
186:with that of the colonizers, possibly
13027:
12558:Lands inhabited by indigenous peoples
12457:Zapatista Army of National Liberation
12251:
10358:
10098:, 2010, retrieved: December 17, 2012.
9931:"Guam § People and Society"
9588:"Peru § People and Society"
9193:Cruz-Coke, R.; Moreno, R. S. (1994).
9150:FernĂĄndez, Francisco Lizcano (2007).
8256:. London: T. Cadell. pp. 343â84.
8193:. London: Heinemann, 1985. 11. Print.
8107:
8078:
7962:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 54.
7957:
7901:"The Settler Logics of (Outer) Space"
6711:
6323:Strabo's Geography Book II Chapter 5
6293:
6252:
6217:
6163:
5909:
5885:Kassymbekova, Botakoz (24 Jan 2023).
5716:
5690:
5645:Page, M.E.; Sonnenburg, P.M. (2003).
5576:
5556:. Singapore: NUS Press. p. 223.
5321:
5129:
4837:
4835:
3929:European colonization of the Americas
3097:: 22.9% Han Chinese, 69.7% Indigenous
3075:: disputed. 12.2% Han Chinese in the
2701:, in opposition to the principles of
2535:These paragraphs are an excerpt from
2529:
2253:
1971:After WWII 300,000 Dutchmen from the
1929:Post-independence population movement
1272:Central American Free Trade Agreement
1216:set up short-lived colonial systems (
1081:Russian colonization of North America
1026:Spanish American wars of independence
962:in 1492 through sea travel and built
904:in 1204, with the declaration of the
756:Native Americans in the United States
686:Notable examples in Asia include the
9467:
8789:De Azevedo, Raimondo Cagiano (1994)
8579:
8548:
8311:
8163:Henry Schwarz; Sangeeta Ray (2004).
8040:Painter, Joe; Jeffrey, Alex (2009).
7532:Nayak, Anoop; Jeffrey, Alex (2011).
7183:"New Zealand Historical Perspective"
6845:
6789:
6749:
6614:
6475:. Random House Publishing. pp.
5983:
5697:Bulletin of the John Rylands Library
5632:"John Gast, American Progress, 1872"
5608:Manifest Destiny: Westward Expansion
5453:
5386:. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE. p. 8.
5230:
4633:Lee, Alexander; Paine, Jack (2024).
4585:
4546:
4264:
4262:
4222:
4220:
4184:
4182:
4022:
3959:Historiography of the British Empire
3718:): 72% of the population, including
2837:adding citations to reliable sources
2804:
2278:a program was launched to propagate
2106:had no time to build such immunity.
1837:adding citations to reliable sources
1804:
1573:to work in African colonies such as
1377:, the creation of new institutions,
868:infiltrating the wealthy previously
317:. Some academics have used the term
60:adding citations to reliable sources
31:
12070:The End of History and the Last Man
11980:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
10347:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
10103:Colonialism: A Theoretical Overview
9522:
9347:
8818:Library of Congress Country Studies
8749:"Former settlers return to Algeria"
8327:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
8324:
8196:
8166:A Companion To Postcolonial Studies
8002:Key Concepts in Political Geography
7598:Key Concepts in Political Geography
7500:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
7071:Houston, C.S.; Houston, S. (2000).
6060:Key Concepts in Political Geography
5610:. Infobase Publishing. p. 19.
4948:Colonialism: A Theoretical Overview
4911:Colonialism: a theoretical overview
4780:
4128:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3934:European colonization of Micronesia
3032:Indigenous Tibetans protesting the
2784:
2616:Russian imperialism and colonialism
1018:Rise of the "Second" British Empire
997:. It also saw the establishment of
435:Colonialism: A Theoretical Overview
409:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
24:
13189:International relations since 1989
13179:Diplomatic history of World War II
13101:International Criminal Court (ICC)
12833:Convention on Biological Diversity
10270:
10077:Ness, Immanuel and Zak Cope, eds.
9966:
9841:Martinique: People: Ethnic Groups.
8605:Singapore Department of Statistics
8427:
8215:, professor Daniel Klein, 1.7.2004
7935:10.1093/oso/9780192867452.003.0004
7899:Smiles, Deondre (March 11, 2024).
6398:. Vol. 1A. pp. 385â472.
6298:. U of Nebraska Press. p. 3.
6114:
4832:
4811:
4296:Jacobs, Margaret D. (2009-07-01).
4226:
4188:
2723:
2522:technologies, colonization of the
2499:
2066:alone, including the emperor, and
1947:Trinidadian and Tobagonian British
1099:, hence, the coining of the term "
25:
13537:
13485:International political sociology
12861:High Seas Treaty (BBNJ Agreement)
10317:
10266:, 2011, retrieved: June 13, 2012.
10200:, 2011, retrieved: July 13, 2011.
10105:, Princeton, NJ: M. Wiener, 1997.
9291:= 3.9 million whites and mestizos
8883:Russia â Coming In From the Cold?
8747:Laurenson, John (July 29, 2006).
7874:"Our deep sea is being colonised"
7777:The dictionary of human geography
5752:David Cody, "The British Empire"
4848:American Political Science Review
4332:Why Did Europe Conquer the World?
4259:
4217:
4179:
3879:Colonialism and the Olympic Games
3460:European Immigration to Argentina
2949:A Critique of Postcolonial Reason
2062:in the 1520s, killing 150,000 in
1702:administration in Southern Africa
1123:The Harmsworth atlas and Gazetter
777:Chronology of Western colonialism
394:Webster's Encyclopedic Dictionary
13000:
12999:
12713:Government of the Sakha Republic
12422:Indigenous Environmental Network
12303:Free, prior and informed consent
12040:The Open Society and Its Enemies
10335:
10323:
9953:
9923:
9905:
9881:
9867:
9853:
9834:
9809:
9781:
9756:
9732:
9708:
9684:
9665:
9641:
9604:
9580:
9556:
9488:
9433:
9409:
9323:
9294:
9259:
9235:
9186:
9170:
9143:
9119:
9095:
9071:
9047:
9031:
9007:
8984:
8960:
8912:
8899:
8875:
8859:
8835:
8823:
8806:
8783:
8759:
8740:
8706:Advances in Physiology Education
8673:
8649:
8630:
8618:
8573:
8518:
8469:
8461:Dahlgreen, Will (26 July 2014).
8454:
8436:
8400:
8373:
8307:from the original on 2019-04-30.
8245:
8218:
8183:
8156:
8139:How Europe Underdeveloped Africa
8129:
8101:
8072:
8058:
7951:
7799:
7715:
7673:
7622:
7489:
7446:
7428:
7409:
7391:
7366:
7348:
7330:Journal of Comparative Economics
7321:
7292:
7280:
7262:
7246:
7227:
7209:
7193:
7175:
7157:
7139:
7115:
7064:
7043:
7030:
7017:
6986:
6968:
6942:
6581:from the original on 2016-07-14.
5679:An Encyclopedia of World History
5360:from the original on 2018-05-18.
4356:Stoler, Ann Laura (1995-10-04).
4155:How Europe underdeveloped Africa
4121:Margaret Kohn (29 August 2017).
3817:
3792:: approx. 20% of the population.
3058:with significant populations of
2878:in the former British colony of
2809:
2537:Imperialism § Versus colonialism
1809:
1800:
1543:Slavery and indentured servitude
216:. European colonialism employed
36:
13480:International political economy
12987:Persecution of Uyghurs in China
12849:Fair Access and Benefit-Sharing
12533:Dakota Access Pipeline protests
10847:Family as a model for the state
10018:Scandinavian Journal of History
9913:"American FactFinder â Results"
8993:The Kyrgyz â Children of Manas.
8580:Tsai, Lin-chin (May 10, 2019).
8383:The "Racial" Economy of Science
7825:10.25120/etropic.17.2.2018.3658
7243:, TIMEasia.com, 21 August 2000.
6924:
6902:
6886:
6870:
6839:
6814:
6783:
6743:
6705:
6667:
6639:
6585:
6536:
6493:
6462:
6431:
6353:
6328:
6315:
6287:
6246:
6211:
6202:
6157:
6084:
6038:
6012:Journal of Global South Studies
6003:
5977:
5962:
5937:
5903:
5878:
5862:
5853:
5840:
5824:
5811:
5798:
5773:
5760:
5745:
5732:
5671:
5624:
5599:
5570:
5543:
5506:
5482:
5447:
5400:
5375:
5364:
5315:
5290:
5251:
5233:Jewish Political Studies Review
5224:
5179:
5139:Sociology of Race and Ethnicity
5123:
5080:
5062:
5019:
4972:
4935:
4898:
4872:
4731:
4696:
4661:
4626:
4579:
4540:
4501:
4454:
4420:International Studies Quarterly
4407:
4322:
4201:10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosc071
3924:European colonization of Africa
3586:: approx. 20% of the population
3570:: approx. 80% of the population
3440:Italian immigrants arriving in
2693:. Their philosophies found the
2262:Crown organised a mission (the
1708:and fed into the philosophy of
1692:British colonising activity in
1292:
1113:
1063:Map of colonial empires in 1800
1036:. Starting with the end of the
47:needs additional citations for
13526:International relations theory
12897:2009 Peruvian political crisis
12407:Congress of Aboriginal Peoples
12197:Separation of church and state
12095:Collectivism and individualism
12050:The Origins of Totalitarianism
9861:"Fact Sheet on St. Barthélemy"
9306:Censo de PoblaciĂłn y Viviendas
8924:". Moya Flynn. (1994). p. 15.
8361:Fausto-Sterling, Anne (2001).
7455:The Journal of African History
6910:"British Nationality Act 1981"
6506:The Review of Economic Studies
5971:Colonialism and Neocolonialism
5456:History of Education Quarterly
5322:Atran, Scott (November 1989).
4275:. Princeton University Press.
4146:
3904:Decolonization of the Americas
3834:African independence movements
3316:, present-day Kazakhstan, 1911
3001:
2685:, John Bright, Henry Richard,
2514:With contemporary advances in
2128:are estimated to have died of
2054:Half the native population of
1307:Zionism as settler colonialism
1125:1908 European colonization map
943:(1394â1460) became central to
832:Beginning in the 7th century,
358:
13:
1:
12728:Council of Indigenous Peoples
12237:Category:Political philosophy
12110:Critique of political economy
10264:Institute of European History
10198:Institute of European History
10096:Institute of European History
10039:LeCour Grandmaison, Olivier:
10032:10.1080/03468755.2016.1210880
8367:The Gender and Science Reader
8288:10.1525/ae.1989.16.4.02a00030
8229:. In Benjamin, Thomas (ed.).
7601:. London: Sage. p. 392.
7289:. CBC News. December 2, 2008.
7234:Meeting the First Inhabitants
6680:. Auckland University Press.
6552:Comparative Political Studies
6543:Mattingly, Daniel C. (2017).
6404:10.1016/S1574-0684(05)01006-3
6294:Miles, William F. S. (2014).
5579:"Gender, Race, and Sexuality"
5550:Bosma, U.; Raben, R. (2008).
5343:10.1525/ae.1989.16.4.02a00070
5130:Glenn, Evelyn Nakano (2015).
5074:Association for Asian Studies
4015:
3445:
3286:(UK): predominantly European.
3013:
2468:Dictionary of Human Geography
2434:) viz a viz a combination of
2214:According to a 2021 study by
2102:to these diseases, while the
1247:. In 1960, the UN issued the
335:Colonization § Etymology
260:, among others, resulting in
13448:Related fields and subfields
12912:Expulsion of the Chagossians
12135:Institutional discrimination
12130:History of political thought
10862:Negative and positive rights
10108:Page, Melvin E. et al. eds.
9177:Informe LatinobarĂłmetro 2011
8795:. Council of Europe. p. 25.
7306:. 2012-05-30. Archived from
6232:10.1080/02757206.2012.697060
4985:American Sociological Review
4787:Stanard, Matthew G. (2018).
4467:American Sociological Review
3859:Christianity and colonialism
3668:: mostly of British descent.
3488:): 60â70% of the population.
3121:family in South Africa, 1886
3054:Nations and regions outside
2376:
1945:is a celebration led by the
1435:, Persian silk to India and
1200:(1914â1918), the victorious
1016:(1775â1783), initiating the
991:English overseas possessions
906:acquisition of three octaves
876:islands and lands. European
781:
324:
283:was developed by developing
7:
12708:Government of Bashkortostan
12573:American Indian reservation
12442:Native American Rights Fund
12145:Justification for the state
11930:Two Treatises of Government
9941:Central Intelligence Agency
9899:Central Intelligence Agency
9799:Central Intelligence Agency
9750:Central Intelligence Agency
9726:Central Intelligence Agency
9702:Central Intelligence Agency
9659:Central Intelligence Agency
9598:Central Intelligence Agency
9574:Central Intelligence Agency
9540:Central Intelligence Agency
9506:Central Intelligence Agency
9451:Central Intelligence Agency
9427:Central Intelligence Agency
9399:Central Intelligence Agency
9365:Central Intelligence Agency
9341:Central Intelligence Agency
9277:Central Intelligence Agency
9253:Central Intelligence Agency
9199:Journal of Medical Genetics
9137:Central Intelligence Agency
9113:Central Intelligence Agency
9089:Central Intelligence Agency
9025:Central Intelligence Agency
8978:Central Intelligence Agency
8853:Central Intelligence Agency
8777:Central Intelligence Agency
8691:Central Intelligence Agency
8667:Central Intelligence Agency
8267:Stoler, Ann L. (Nov 1989).
7701:10.3138/E635-7827-1757-9T53
6932:"The Francophonie in Brief"
6656:The New York Times Magazine
6396:Handbook of Economic Growth
4298:White Mother to a Dark Race
4009:Western imperialism in Asia
3810:
2768:
2037:Aztecs dying of smallpox, (
1900:Conscription crisis of 1917
1521:first modern stock exchange
1392:Economy, trade and commerce
880:set up colonial regimes in
827:
628:Republic of China in Taiwan
184:replace an existing society
10:
13542:
13490:Peace and conflict studies
13106:Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
12663:Fundação Nacional do Ăndio
10815:Bellum omnium contra omnes
10313:(1542, published in 1552).
10171:, Créaphis, 480 p., 2018 (
10055:Exterminate All The Brutes
9068:. Retrieved on 2007-03-08.
9038:Tajikistan â Ethnic Groups
7960:Empire, colony, postcolony
7165:"Smallpox Through History"
6469:Freedman, Estelle (2002).
6438:Freedman, Estelle (2002).
6164:Perry, Alex (2008-02-14).
6135:10.1057/s41311-021-00328-x
5969:Sartre, Jean-Paul (2001).
5297:Murray, Martin J. (1980).
4553:Annual Review of Economics
4329:Philip T. Hoffman (2015).
4090:Collins English Dictionary
3017:
2932:Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
2798:
2788:
2567:
2534:
2503:
2380:
2218:and Laura Maravall on the
2088:Native American population
2018:
1917:in August 1947 led to the
1915:Partition of British India
1546:
1316:
1206:League of Nations mandates
1014:American Revolutionary War
941:Prince Henry the Navigator
766:
762:
653:
389:Collins English Dictionary
378:British East India Company
343:rooted in the Latin word "
328:
13447:
13399:
13197:
13154:
13129:
13083:
13074:
13061:
12995:
12879:
12816:
12791:
12748:
12640:
12633:
12474:
12397:Assembly of First Nations
12382:
12290:
12232:
12082:
11851:
11499:
11232:
11112:
11031:
10943:
10934:
10800:
10634:
10563:
10392:
10294:The Wretched of the Earth
10214:(1922), worldwide; 922pp
10117:Brazza, A Life for Africa
8814:Ivory Coast â The Economy
8637:Ethnic groups by country.
8083:. In Forsyth, Tim (ed.).
8081:"colonialism, history of"
8010:10.4135/9781446279496.n13
7998:"Colonialism/Imperialism"
7467:10.1017/s0021853700030942
7342:10.1016/j.jce.2021.01.001
7287:Cholera's seven pandemics
7221:October 20, 2014, at the
6068:10.4135/9781446279496.n13
6056:"Colonialism/Imperialism"
5651:. ABC-CLIO. p. 421.
5634:. Picturing U.S. History.
5200:10.1080/13688790701488155
5089:American Indian Quarterly
4857:10.1017/S0003055424000388
4395:Routledge & CRC Press
4360:. Duke University Press.
4269:McNamee, Lachlan (2023).
3949:German eastward expansion
3944:French law on colonialism
3145:): 5.8% of the population
2666:Liberalism and capitalism
2436:environmental determinism
2420:environmental determinism
2305:
2294:in many countries due to
2021:Globalisation and disease
1721:Planting the sugar cane,
1517:multinational corporation
1404:, by the time of emperor
1312:
1040:European authors such as
1003:Swedish overseas colonies
993:, which later became the
911:
908:of the Byzantine Empire.
376:for the boardroom of the
299:aftermath of World War II
27:Control by foreign groups
12887:ChechenâRussian conflict
12738:Bureau of Indian Affairs
12020:The Revolt of the Masses
10212:Colonial tariff policies
10210:U.S. Tariff Commission.
9997:(2009) popular history;
9875:"Trinidad French Creole"
9805:(Archived 2006 edition.)
9552:(Archived 2007 edition.)
9518:(Archived 2007 edition.)
9463:(Archived 2010 edition.)
9405:(Archived 2021 edition.)
9377:(Archived 2007 edition.)
9289:(Archived 2007 edition.)
9042:U.S. Library of Congress
8718:10.1152/advan.00069.2005
8225:Hidalgo, Dennis (2007).
8206:Liberal Anti-Imperialism
7996:Gilmartin, Mary (2009).
7682:"Deconstructing the Map"
6821:Pagden, Anthony (2003).
6564:10.1177/0010414015600465
6360:Pagden, Anthony (2003).
6335:Pagden, Anthony (2003).
6220:History and Anthropology
6054:Gilmartin, Mary (2009).
5950:. Brill. pp. 7â22.
5832:Colonial tariff policies
5606:Mountjoy, Shane (2009).
5585:. Equinox. p. 163.
5523:Harvard University Press
5382:Gabbidon, Shaun (2010).
5276:10.1177/0032329221999906
5151:10.1177/2332649214560440
4703:Herbst, Jeffrey (2000).
4514:American Economic Review
3804:: 9â5% of the population
3770:): 35% of the population
3760:): 78% of the population
3750:): 90% of the population
3662:): 80% of the population
3620:): 42% of the population
3596:): 88% of the population
3580:): 15% of the population
3514:): 65% of the population
3498:): 37% of the population
3478:): 47% of the population
3357:): 30% of the population
2940:(1998) gave its name to
2937:Can the Subaltern Speak?
2893:Many practitioners take
2290:due to lessening of the
2244:widespread cattle deaths
2113:, killing around 50% of
1588:Slave traders in Gorée,
1513:Dutch East India Company
1452:Manila-Acapulco galleons
1359:unequal social relations
999:Danish overseas colonies
892:(12th century onwards).
888:, 1097â1291) and in the
650:Socio-cultural evolution
576:. This form consists of
570:Exploitation colonialism
488:exploitation colonialism
13465:Foreign policy analysis
13277:International community
13055:International relations
12932:Little Danes experiment
12718:Government of Tatarstan
12385:political organizations
12000:The Communist Manifesto
10926:Tyranny of the majority
10837:Consent of the governed
10305:Las Casas, Bartolomé de
10260:European History Online
10203:Townsend, Mary Evelyn.
10194:European History Online
10092:European History Online
9972:Albertini, Rudolf von.
9482:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
9478:"Mexico: Ethnic Groups"
8108:Sunga, Lyal S. (1997).
8079:Watts, Michael (2005).
7579:10.1111/1467-9493.00060
7216:Fiji School of Medicine
7036:Alfred W. Crosby, Jr.,
6712:Firth, Raymond (1929).
5780:Dina Gusejnova (2016).
5677:Peter N. Stearns, ed.,
5577:Gouda, Frances (2008).
5026:Olusoga, David (2010).
4842:Sultan, Nazmul (2024).
4604:10.1126/science.aaz9986
4153:Rodney, Walter (2018).
4004:Stranger King (Concept)
3786:: 25% of the population
3780:) 10% of the population
3758:European New Zealanders
3680:: 12% of the population
3674:: 12% of the population
3652:: 34% of the population
3646:): 4% of the population
3636:: 12% of the population
3564:: 10% of the population
3558:: 17% of the population
3538:: 12% of the population
3520:: 16% of the population
3504:: 83% of the population
3468:: 15% of the population
3371:): 6% of the population
3077:Tibet Autonomous Region
2970:Phenomenology of Spirit
2801:Dutch Indies literature
2795:Postcolonial literature
2691:William Ewart Gladstone
2359:Georg Eberhard Rumphius
2276:Mountstuart Elphinstone
1988:Commonwealth of Nations
1904:Sepoy Rebellion of 1857
1793:and others. The use of
1764:First Anglo-Ashanti War
1448:Portuguese trade routes
1192:Imperial powers in 1945
1042:Johann Gottfried Herder
1034:Belgian colonial empire
331:Colony § Etymology
12917:High Arctic relocation
12819:Declarations of Rights
12516:Cultural appropriation
12447:Survival International
10877:
10827:Clash of civilizations
10813:
10328:Quotations related to
10255:European Overseas Rule
10167:Schill, Pierre :
9979:Benjamin, Thomas, ed.
9764:"Canadian Census 2006"
8476:Maunier, René (1949).
8136:Walter Rodney (1972).
7958:Young, Robert (2015).
7680:Harley, J. B. (1989).
7239:June 22, 2011, at the
7023:Kenneth F. Kiple, ed.
6993:Seljuq, Affan (1997).
6846:King, Russell (2010).
6790:King, Russell (2010).
6674:Petrie, Hazel (2015).
6615:King, Russell (2010).
6123:International Politics
5850:, August 1, 1936 p 6 ]
5264:Politics & Society
4979:Strang, David (1990).
4461:Strang, David (1990).
4414:Strang, David (1991).
4233:Social Science History
4032:Tignor, Roger (2005).
3798:: 7% of the population
3707:
3697:: 1% of the population
3686:: 5% of the population
3609:
3532:: 1% of the population
3526:: 7% of the population
3451:
3351:Russians in Kazakhstan
3317:
3292:: 3% of the population
3187:: 3% of the population
3143:European South African
3122:
3051:
3036:
2999:
2882:
2636:
2487:
2454:
2424:Ellen Churchill Semple
2395:
2258:As early as 1803, the
2177:first cholera pandemic
2115:indigenous Australians
2044:
1950:
1883:
1880:Lord Pethwick-Lawrence
1767:
1726:
1593:
1571:brought African slaves
1524:
1455:
1441:
1350:
1333:
1193:
1185:
1126:
1064:
1030:German colonial empire
987:French colonial empire
947:, and helped fuel the
924:
769:History of colonialism
759:
621:
582:colonization of Africa
475:
448:
380:
159:
12922:Human rights in Tibet
12649:Aotearoa-New Zealand
12543:Fortress conservation
12345:Traditional knowledge
12308:Intellectual property
10842:Divine right of kings
10235:10.1353/imp.2002.0070
10101:Osterhammel, JĂŒrgen:
10081:(2 vol 2015), 1456 pp
9850:World Factbook of CIA
7362:on December 23, 2004.
6750:Lowe, Joshua (2014).
6519:10.1093/restud/rdz017
6098:. 27 September 2022.
6024:10.1353/gss.2019.0004
5868:G.M. Gathorne-Hardy,
5817:Melvin E. Page, ed.,
5766:Melvin E. Page, ed.,
5738:Thomas Benjamin, ed.
4795:John Wiley & Sons
4680:10.1017/9781009115223
4645:10.1017/9781009423526
4586:Nunn, Nathan (2020).
4547:Nunn, Nathan (2009).
4526:10.1257/aer.91.5.1369
4195:(1 ed.). Wiley.
3702:
3605:of German descent in
3601:
3439:
3355:Germans of Kazakhstan
3311:
3169:Europeans in Zimbabwe
3117:
3042:
3034:Sinicization of Tibet
3031:
3018:Further information:
2994:
2888:postmodern literature
2876:Queen Victoria Street
2874:
2799:Further information:
2716:The Wealth of Nations
2627:
2614:a renewed version of
2504:Further information:
2477:
2452:
2390:
2381:Further information:
2036:
1939:Notting Hill Carnival
1936:
1919:Independence of India
1874:
1761:
1720:
1668:British North America
1587:
1579:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1547:Further information:
1511:
1450:(blue) and the rival
1446:
1422:
1344:
1326:
1191:
1183:
1121:
1062:
968:Treaty of Tordesillas
919:
804:colonies in antiquity
732:
654:Further information:
615:
505:involves large-scale
492:surrogate colonialism
469:
443:
366:
137:
13455:Comparative politics
12946:Residential schools
12892:Sri Lankan Civil War
12634:Legal representation
12603:Urban Indian reserve
12492:Internal colonialism
12383:Non-governmental and
12338:in the United States
11990:Democracy in America
11369:political philosophy
11352:political philosophy
11167:political philosophy
10996:political philosophy
10906:Separation of powers
10867:Night-watchman state
10852:Monopoly on violence
10386:Political philosophy
10186:Stuchtey, Benedikt:
9622:(38). UAEM, MĂ©xico.
9211:10.1136/jmg.31.9.702
8276:American Ethnologist
8252:Smith, Adam (1811).
8004:. pp. 115â123.
6647:Hannah-Jones, Nikole
6062:. pp. 115â123.
5956:10.1163/j.ctt1w8h2zm
5331:American Ethnologist
5188:Postcolonial Studies
5030:. Faber & Faber.
4744:The Economic Journal
4366:10.2307/j.ctv11319d6
3914:Direct colonial rule
3894:Cultural colonialism
3884:Coloniality of power
3748:European Australians
3738:Europeans in Oceania
3432:White Latin American
3312:Russian settlers in
2975:Western civilisation
2833:improve this section
2579:capital accumulation
2428:Ellsworth Huntington
2347:Christopher Columbus
2280:smallpox vaccination
2272:smallpox vaccination
2000:Dutch Language Union
1923:creation of Pakistan
1833:improve this section
1776:Philip II of Macedon
1602:Colonial destination
1549:Atlantic slave trade
1231:In the aftermath of
1101:American imperialism
1097:SpanishâAmerican War
700:Eurasian Singaporean
669:Cultural colonialism
656:Coloniality of power
604:Internal colonialism
496:internal colonialism
462:Types of colonialism
307:economic development
165:is the exploitation
56:improve this article
13237:Collective security
13121:United Nations (UN)
12497:Settler colonialism
12180:Right-wing politics
12060:A Theory of Justice
12030:The Road to Serfdom
11950:The Social Contract
10657:Christian democracy
9993:Cotterell, Arthur.
9986:Cooper, Frederick.
9484:. 23 February 2024.
8957:, 23 November 2005.
8042:Political Geography
7905:Society & Space
7852:Greenpeace Aotearoa
7736:1994GeoRv..84..316B
7724:Geographical Review
7643:1994GeoRv..84..316B
7631:Geographical Review
7571:2000SJTG...21....6A
7517:Political Geography
7259:, January 15, 2008.
7090:10.1155/2000/782978
6823:Peoples and Empires
6756:. GRIN. p. 2.
6649:(August 14, 2019).
6362:Peoples and Empires
6337:Peoples and Empires
5973:. Psychology Press.
5848:The Saturday Review
5710:10.7227/BJRL.38.1.2
5468:10.1017/heq.2020.25
4943:Osterhammel, JĂŒrgen
4906:Osterhammel, JĂŒrgen
4245:10.1017/ssh.2023.37
4227:Go, Julian (2024).
4133:Stanford University
3854:Chinese imperialism
3724:Non-Hispanic Whites
3695:Trinidad and Tobago
3414:Indian subcontinent
3133:Europeans in Africa
3020:Settler colonialism
2739:comparative anatomy
2695:colonial enterprise
2442:in their approach.
2148:killed over 40,000
2015:Introduced diseases
1780:Alexander the Great
1754:Military innovation
1744:Scramble for Africa
1732:Indentured servants
1683:American Revolution
1515:was the first-ever
1303:Chinese imperialism
1299:Russian imperialism
1225:Generalgouvernement
1219:Reichskommissariate
1168:extraterritoriality
1108:Scramble for Africa
1050:Heinrich von Kleist
1046:August von Kotzebue
758:from their homeland
663:residential schools
594:Mandatory Palestine
503:Settler colonialism
484:settler colonialism
222:chartered companies
180:settler colonialism
13521:Cultural geography
12982:Stolen Generations
12783:BBNJ ABS Committee
12538:Discovery doctrine
12482:Civilizing mission
12323:Self-determination
12192:Political violence
12187:Political theology
12170:Left-wing politics
12165:Political spectrum
9936:The World Factbook
9894:The World Factbook
9846:2018-09-11 at the
9794:The World Factbook
9745:The World Factbook
9721:The World Factbook
9697:The World Factbook
9677:2017-12-03 at the
9654:The World Factbook
9593:The World Factbook
9569:The World Factbook
9535:The World Factbook
9501:The World Factbook
9446:The World Factbook
9422:The World Factbook
9401:. 19 October 2021.
9394:The World Factbook
9360:The World Factbook
9336:The World Factbook
9272:The World Factbook
9248:The World Factbook
9132:The World Factbook
9108:The World Factbook
9084:The World Factbook
9060:2007-12-08 at the
9020:The World Factbook
8973:The World Factbook
8896:, 23 February 2004
8888:2011-07-15 at the
8848:The World Factbook
8772:The World Factbook
8686:The World Factbook
8662:The World Factbook
8642:2019-01-06 at the
8211:2011-09-22 at the
7730:(3): 322, 324â25.
7421:2008-12-07 at the
7403:2012-04-16 at the
7276:. 15 January 2008.
7257:The New York Times
7061:, David A. Koplow.
7057:2008-09-07 at the
6598:2014-10-09 at the
5990:www.britannica.com
5984:Halperin, Sandra.
5754:The Victorians Web
5725:Charles R. Boxer,
5513:Auslin, Michael R.
5494:www.historians.org
5425:10.1007/BF02800542
5101:10.1353/aiq.0.0054
4756:10.1111/ecoj.12595
4750:(619): 1048â1081.
3864:Civilising mission
3708:
3660:European Canadians
3610:
3518:Dominican Republic
3452:
3318:
3300:European Tunisians
3254:Franco-Seychellois
3215:European Moroccans
3195:Europeans in Kenya
3153:European Namibians
3123:
3052:
3037:
2955:(such as those of
2883:
2671:Classical liberals
2591:self-determination
2559:The Soviet leader
2530:Versus imperialism
2510:Space colonization
2506:Ocean colonization
2488:
2455:
2396:
2355:Hendrik van Rheede
2254:Countering disease
2189:East India Company
2104:indigenous peoples
2045:
2025:Columbian Exchange
1951:
1884:
1791:Aztec civilisation
1768:
1727:
1594:
1553:Indentured servant
1525:
1459:Aztec civilisation
1456:
1351:
1334:
1327:A 1904 cartoon by
1258:" originated from
1194:
1186:
1127:
1065:
925:
896:began to dominate
760:
622:
476:
431:JĂŒrgen Osterhammel
429:In his preface to
381:
270:civilizing mission
224:, and established
192:native populations
188:towards a genocide
160:
158:, Bengal, in 1665)
13503:
13502:
13475:International law
13344:Right of conquest
13309:National interest
13252:Deterrence theory
13150:
13149:
13137:League of Nations
13021:
13020:
13006:Indigenous rights
12875:
12874:
12808:Indigenous Caucus
12749:Intergovernmental
12598:Russian republics
12568:Autonomous okrugs
12417:Cultural Survival
12245:
12244:
12155:Philosophy of law
12100:Conflict theories
11940:The Spirit of Law
11847:
11846:
10896:Original position
10282:Heart of Darkness
10252:Wendt, Reinhard:
10177:978-2-35428-141-0
10144:, Andres (2016).
10125:978-1-4259-1198-0
10115:Petringa, Maria,
10063:978-1-56584-359-2
10053:Lindqvist, Sven:
9939:(2024 ed.).
9897:(2024 ed.).
9797:(2024 ed.).
9748:(2024 ed.).
9724:(2024 ed.).
9700:(2024 ed.).
9657:(2024 ed.).
9637:on June 26, 2013.
9596:(2024 ed.).
9572:(2024 ed.).
9538:(2024 ed.).
9504:(2024 ed.).
9449:(2024 ed.).
9425:(2024 ed.).
9397:(2024 ed.).
9363:(2024 ed.).
9339:(2024 ed.).
9275:(2024 ed.).
9251:(2024 ed.).
9163:978-970-757-052-8
9135:(2024 ed.).
9111:(2024 ed.).
9087:(2024 ed.).
9066:Statistical Table
9023:(2024 ed.).
8976:(2024 ed.).
8949:Robert Greenall,
8851:(2024 ed.).
8775:(2024 ed.).
8689:(2024 ed.).
8665:(2024 ed.).
8489:978-1-136-24522-0
8450:. 24 August 2016.
8393:978-0-253-20810-1
8227:"Anticolonialism"
8176:978-0-470-99833-5
8149:978-9966-25-113-8
8051:978-1-4462-4435-7
7969:978-1-4051-9355-9
7944:978-0-19-286745-2
7792:978-1-4051-3288-6
7608:978-1-4129-4672-8
7593:Gallaher, Carolyn
7543:978-0-13-222824-4
7189:on June 12, 2010.
6863:978-0-520-26124-2
6832:978-0-8129-6761-6
6807:978-0-520-26124-2
6632:978-0-520-26124-2
6486:978-0-345-45053-1
6455:978-0-345-45053-1
6371:978-0-8129-6761-6
6346:978-0-8129-6761-6
6305:978-0-8032-6771-8
6266:978-9956-763-68-9
5658:978-1-57607-335-3
5592:978-979-3780-62-7
5563:978-9971-69-373-2
5531:978-0-674-01521-0
5393:978-1-4129-4988-0
5055:978-1-137-45075-3
4958:978-1-55876-340-1
4921:978-1-55876-340-1
4804:978-1-119-13013-0
4716:978-0-691-16414-4
4689:978-1-009-10037-3
4654:978-1-009-42353-3
4375:978-0-8223-7771-9
4342:978-1-4008-6584-0
4307:978-0-8032-1100-1
4282:978-0-691-23781-7
4210:978-1-4051-2433-1
4164:978-1-78873-119-5
4045:978-1-55876-340-1
3994:Right of conquest
3919:Empire of Liberty
3849:Chartered company
3716:European American
3578:European Peruvian
3408:Russians in China
3274:Italian Eritreans
2942:Subaltern Studies
2869:
2868:
2861:
2334:Sassafras albidum
2284:sleeping sickness
2264:Balmis expedition
2232:sleeping sickness
2193:Waldemar Haffkine
2076:Massachusetts Bay
1973:Dutch East Indies
1966:Dutch West Indies
1869:
1868:
1861:
1687:Thirteen Colonies
1675:
1674:
1624:British Caribbean
1610:Portuguese Empire
1478:James A. Robinson
1347:Dutch East Indies
1342:
1276:Royal Dutch Shell
1069:Habsburg monarchy
1038:French Revolution
1020:(1783â1815). The
1012:started with the
989:, as well as the
976:Portuguese Empire
816:Greek city-states
788:ancient Egyptians
735:American Progress
716:Dutch East Indies
681:Southern Rhodesia
618:Kingston, Jamaica
598:Colony of Liberia
303:persistent impact
274:Christian mission
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
13533:
13495:Security studies
13287:Internationality
13282:Internationalism
13081:
13080:
13048:
13041:
13034:
13025:
13024:
13003:
13002:
12937:Mapuche conflict
12907:Chiapas conflict
12902:Alta controversy
12880:Historical cases
12638:
12637:
12620:Rainbow Warriors
12610:Manifest destiny
12298:Ancestral domain
12272:
12265:
12258:
12249:
12248:
12160:Political ethics
12150:Machiavellianism
12090:Authoritarianism
12075:
12065:
12055:
12045:
12035:
12025:
12015:
12005:
11995:
11985:
11975:
11965:
11955:
11945:
11935:
11925:
11915:
11905:
11895:
11885:
11875:
11865:
10941:
10940:
10882:
10818:
10808:Balance of power
10782:Social democracy
10777:Social Darwinism
10752:Multiculturalism
10697:Environmentalism
10672:Communitarianism
10379:
10372:
10365:
10356:
10355:
10351:
10342:Zalta, Edward N.
10336:Kohn, Margaret.
10327:
10299:Jean-Paul Sartre
10246:
10161:
10043:, Fayard, 2005,
10036:
10034:
10025:(4â5): 475â494.
9960:
9957:
9945:
9944:
9927:
9921:
9920:
9915:. Archived from
9909:
9903:
9902:
9885:
9879:
9878:
9871:
9865:
9864:
9857:
9851:
9838:
9832:
9831:
9829:
9828:
9819:. Archived from
9813:
9807:
9802:
9785:
9779:
9778:
9776:
9775:
9766:. Archived from
9760:
9754:
9753:
9736:
9730:
9729:
9712:
9706:
9705:
9688:
9682:
9669:
9663:
9662:
9645:
9639:
9638:
9636:
9630:. Archived from
9617:
9608:
9602:
9601:
9584:
9578:
9577:
9560:
9554:
9549:
9547:
9546:
9526:
9520:
9515:
9513:
9512:
9492:
9486:
9485:
9474:
9465:
9460:
9458:
9457:
9437:
9431:
9430:
9413:
9407:
9402:
9385:
9379:
9374:
9372:
9371:
9351:
9345:
9344:
9327:
9321:
9320:
9318:
9317:
9298:
9292:
9286:
9284:
9283:
9263:
9257:
9256:
9239:
9233:
9232:
9222:
9190:
9184:
9174:
9168:
9167:
9147:
9141:
9140:
9123:
9117:
9116:
9099:
9093:
9092:
9075:
9069:
9051:
9045:
9035:
9029:
9028:
9011:
9005:
8988:
8982:
8981:
8964:
8958:
8947:
8932:
8916:
8910:
8907:Siberian Germans
8903:
8897:
8879:
8873:
8870:Encyclopedia.com
8863:
8857:
8856:
8839:
8833:
8827:
8821:
8810:
8804:
8787:
8781:
8780:
8763:
8757:
8756:
8744:
8738:
8737:
8701:
8695:
8694:
8677:
8671:
8670:
8653:
8647:
8634:
8628:
8622:
8616:
8615:
8613:
8611:
8602:
8594:
8588:
8587:
8577:
8571:
8570:
8568:
8567:
8552:
8546:
8545:
8543:
8541:
8530:www.fmprc.gov.cn
8522:
8516:
8515:
8498:
8496:
8473:
8467:
8466:
8458:
8452:
8451:
8440:
8434:
8433:
8428:Mountz, Alison.
8425:
8410:
8404:
8398:
8397:
8377:
8371:
8370:
8358:
8343:
8342:
8322:
8309:
8308:
8306:
8299:
8273:
8264:
8258:
8257:
8249:
8243:
8242:
8240:
8238:
8222:
8216:
8203:
8194:
8189:Boahen, A. Adu.
8187:
8181:
8180:
8160:
8154:
8153:
8133:
8127:
8125:
8105:
8099:
8098:
8076:
8070:
8069:
8062:
8056:
8055:
8044:(2nd ed.).
8037:
8024:
8023:
7993:
7982:
7981:
7955:
7949:
7948:
7922:
7916:
7915:
7913:
7911:
7896:
7890:
7889:
7887:
7885:
7870:
7864:
7863:
7861:
7859:
7844:
7838:
7837:
7827:
7803:
7797:
7796:
7780:
7770:
7764:
7763:
7719:
7713:
7712:
7686:
7677:
7671:
7670:
7626:
7620:
7619:
7617:
7615:
7589:
7583:
7582:
7554:
7548:
7547:
7529:
7520:
7513:
7502:
7501:
7493:
7487:
7486:
7450:
7444:
7443:
7440:WHO Media centre
7432:
7426:
7413:
7407:
7395:
7389:
7388:
7386:
7385:
7376:. Archived from
7370:
7364:
7363:
7358:. Archived from
7352:
7346:
7345:
7325:
7319:
7318:
7316:
7315:
7296:
7290:
7284:
7278:
7277:
7266:
7260:
7250:
7244:
7231:
7225:
7213:
7207:
7197:
7191:
7190:
7185:. Archived from
7179:
7173:
7172:
7167:. Archived from
7161:
7155:
7154:
7153:on May 10, 2008.
7149:. Archived from
7143:
7137:
7136:
7134:
7133:
7119:
7113:
7112:
7102:
7092:
7068:
7062:
7047:
7041:
7034:
7028:
7021:
7015:
7014:
6990:
6984:
6983:
6972:
6966:
6965:
6963:
6961:
6946:
6940:
6939:
6928:
6922:
6921:
6919:
6917:
6906:
6900:
6890:
6884:
6874:
6868:
6867:
6843:
6837:
6836:
6818:
6812:
6811:
6787:
6781:
6780:
6772:
6770:
6747:
6741:
6740:
6734:
6732:
6709:
6703:
6702:
6696:
6694:
6671:
6665:
6664:
6643:
6637:
6636:
6612:
6603:
6589:
6583:
6582:
6580:
6549:
6540:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6521:
6497:
6491:
6490:
6466:
6460:
6459:
6435:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6425:
6416:. Archived from
6387:
6376:
6375:
6357:
6351:
6350:
6332:
6326:
6319:
6313:
6312:
6291:
6285:
6284:
6278:
6270:
6259:. Langaa RPCIG.
6250:
6244:
6243:
6215:
6209:
6206:
6200:
6197:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6184:
6161:
6155:
6154:
6118:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6107:
6088:
6082:
6081:
6051:
6045:
6042:
6036:
6035:
6007:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5996:
5981:
5975:
5974:
5966:
5960:
5959:
5941:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5930:
5907:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5897:
5882:
5876:
5872:(4th ed. 1950),
5866:
5860:
5857:
5851:
5844:
5838:
5828:
5822:
5815:
5809:
5802:
5796:
5795:
5777:
5771:
5764:
5758:
5749:
5743:
5736:
5730:
5723:
5714:
5713:
5688:
5682:
5681:(2001) pp 21â238
5675:
5669:
5668:
5666:
5665:
5642:
5636:
5635:
5628:
5622:
5621:
5603:
5597:
5596:
5574:
5568:
5567:
5547:
5541:
5510:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5500:
5486:
5480:
5479:
5451:
5445:
5444:
5404:
5398:
5397:
5379:
5373:
5368:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5328:
5319:
5313:
5312:
5294:
5288:
5287:
5255:
5249:
5248:
5228:
5222:
5221:
5211:
5183:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5167:
5161:. Archived from
5136:
5127:
5121:
5120:
5084:
5078:
5077:
5066:
5060:
5059:
5041:
5032:
5031:
5023:
5017:
5016:
4976:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4939:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4902:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4859:
4839:
4830:
4829:
4815:
4809:
4808:
4784:
4778:
4777:
4767:
4735:
4729:
4728:
4700:
4694:
4693:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4630:
4624:
4623:
4583:
4577:
4576:
4544:
4538:
4537:
4520:(5): 1369â1401.
4505:
4499:
4498:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4411:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4386:
4380:
4379:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4266:
4257:
4256:
4224:
4215:
4214:
4186:
4177:
4176:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4118:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4081:
4072:
4066:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4029:
3984:Pluricontinental
3974:Muslim conquests
3909:Developmentalism
3844:Anti-imperialism
3839:Age of Discovery
3827:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3790:Christmas Island
3774:French Polynesia
3690:Saint Barthélemy
3666:Falkland Islands
3618:White Venezuelan
3450:
3447:
3284:Tristan da Cunha
3205:Franco-Mauritian
2907:(1913â2008) and
2864:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2844:
2813:
2805:
2791:Post-colonialism
2785:Post-colonialism
2707:liberal policies
2679:Frédéric Bastiat
2632:underdevelopment
2440:Social Darwinism
2417:
2392:British Togoland
2383:List of colonies
2300:world population
2296:medical advances
2268:Spanish colonies
2040:Florentine Codex
1864:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1844:
1813:
1805:
1635:French Caribbean
1596:
1595:
1398:colonial surplus
1375:medical advances
1343:
1260:Jean-Paul Sartre
1164:unequal treaties
1089:Empire of Brazil
1008:A first wave of
958:encountered the
956:Crown of Castile
949:Age of Discovery
773:List of colonies
744:manifest destiny
712:Macanese peoples
704:Filipino mestizo
643:opening of Japan
616:Harbour Street,
470:Dutch family in
440:
202:colonial empires
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
13541:
13540:
13536:
13535:
13534:
13532:
13531:
13530:
13506:
13505:
13504:
13499:
13443:
13434:Postcolonialism
13395:
13324:Non-state actor
13319:Non-belligerent
13314:Neutral country
13299:Interventionism
13232:Co-belligerence
13193:
13146:
13125:
13070:
13057:
13052:
13022:
13017:
13012:Minority rights
12991:
12977:San controversy
12871:
12845:Nagoya Protocol
12818:
12812:
12795:
12793:
12787:
12750:
12744:
12642:
12629:
12470:
12384:
12378:
12286:
12284:minority rights
12276:
12246:
12241:
12228:
12217:Totalitarianism
12078:
12073:
12063:
12053:
12043:
12033:
12023:
12013:
12003:
11993:
11983:
11973:
11963:
11953:
11943:
11933:
11923:
11913:
11903:
11893:
11890:Treatise on Law
11883:
11873:
11863:
11843:
11501:
11495:
11234:
11228:
11114:
11108:
11027:
10930:
10916:State of nature
10911:Social contract
10891:Ordered liberty
10879:Noblesse oblige
10796:
10630:
10559:
10388:
10383:
10320:
10273:
10271:Primary sources
10158:
9969:
9967:Further reading
9964:
9963:
9958:
9954:
9949:
9948:
9929:
9928:
9924:
9919:on 21 May 2019.
9911:
9910:
9906:
9887:
9886:
9882:
9873:
9872:
9868:
9859:
9858:
9854:
9848:Wayback Machine
9839:
9835:
9826:
9824:
9815:
9814:
9810:
9787:
9786:
9782:
9773:
9771:
9762:
9761:
9757:
9738:
9737:
9733:
9714:
9713:
9709:
9690:
9689:
9685:
9679:Wayback Machine
9670:
9666:
9647:
9646:
9642:
9634:
9615:
9609:
9605:
9586:
9585:
9581:
9562:
9561:
9557:
9544:
9542:
9528:
9527:
9523:
9510:
9508:
9494:
9493:
9489:
9476:
9475:
9468:
9455:
9453:
9439:
9438:
9434:
9415:
9414:
9410:
9387:
9386:
9382:
9369:
9367:
9353:
9352:
9348:
9329:
9328:
9324:
9315:
9313:
9300:
9299:
9295:
9281:
9279:
9265:
9264:
9260:
9241:
9240:
9236:
9191:
9187:
9181:LatinobarĂłmetro
9175:
9171:
9164:
9148:
9144:
9125:
9124:
9120:
9101:
9100:
9096:
9077:
9076:
9072:
9062:Wayback Machine
9052:
9048:
9036:
9032:
9013:
9012:
9008:
8989:
8985:
8966:
8965:
8961:
8948:
8935:
8917:
8913:
8904:
8900:
8890:Wayback Machine
8880:
8876:
8864:
8860:
8841:
8840:
8836:
8828:
8824:
8811:
8807:
8788:
8784:
8765:
8764:
8760:
8745:
8741:
8702:
8698:
8679:
8678:
8674:
8655:
8654:
8650:
8644:Wayback Machine
8635:
8631:
8623:
8619:
8609:
8607:
8600:
8596:
8595:
8591:
8578:
8574:
8565:
8563:
8554:
8553:
8549:
8539:
8537:
8536:on 13 June 2022
8524:
8523:
8519:
8494:
8492:
8490:
8474:
8470:
8459:
8455:
8442:
8441:
8437:
8426:
8413:
8405:
8401:
8394:
8378:
8374:
8359:
8346:
8323:
8312:
8304:
8271:
8265:
8261:
8250:
8246:
8236:
8234:
8223:
8219:
8213:Wayback Machine
8204:
8197:
8188:
8184:
8177:
8161:
8157:
8150:
8134:
8130:
8122:
8106:
8102:
8095:
8077:
8073:
8064:
8063:
8059:
8052:
8038:
8027:
8020:
7994:
7985:
7970:
7956:
7952:
7945:
7923:
7919:
7909:
7907:
7897:
7893:
7883:
7881:
7880:. April 4, 2023
7872:
7871:
7867:
7857:
7855:
7846:
7845:
7841:
7804:
7800:
7793:
7771:
7767:
7720:
7716:
7684:
7678:
7674:
7627:
7623:
7613:
7611:
7609:
7590:
7586:
7555:
7551:
7544:
7530:
7523:
7514:
7505:
7494:
7490:
7451:
7447:
7434:
7433:
7429:
7423:Wayback Machine
7414:
7410:
7405:Wayback Machine
7396:
7392:
7383:
7381:
7372:
7371:
7367:
7354:
7353:
7349:
7326:
7322:
7313:
7311:
7298:
7297:
7293:
7285:
7281:
7268:
7267:
7263:
7251:
7247:
7241:Wayback Machine
7232:
7228:
7223:Wayback Machine
7214:
7210:
7204:The Independent
7198:
7194:
7181:
7180:
7176:
7163:
7162:
7158:
7145:
7144:
7140:
7131:
7129:
7121:
7120:
7116:
7069:
7065:
7059:Wayback Machine
7048:
7044:
7035:
7031:
7022:
7018:
6991:
6987:
6974:
6973:
6969:
6959:
6957:
6956:(in Portuguese)
6948:
6947:
6943:
6930:
6929:
6925:
6915:
6913:
6908:
6907:
6903:
6891:
6887:
6875:
6871:
6864:
6844:
6840:
6833:
6819:
6815:
6808:
6788:
6784:
6776:
6768:
6766:
6764:
6748:
6744:
6730:
6728:
6726:
6710:
6706:
6700:captive-taking.
6692:
6690:
6688:
6672:
6668:
6644:
6640:
6633:
6613:
6606:
6600:Wayback Machine
6593:White Servitude
6590:
6586:
6578:
6547:
6541:
6537:
6498:
6494:
6487:
6467:
6463:
6456:
6436:
6432:
6423:
6421:
6414:
6388:
6379:
6372:
6358:
6354:
6347:
6333:
6329:
6320:
6316:
6306:
6292:
6288:
6272:
6271:
6267:
6251:
6247:
6216:
6212:
6207:
6203:
6198:
6191:
6182:
6180:
6162:
6158:
6119:
6115:
6105:
6103:
6090:
6089:
6085:
6078:
6052:
6048:
6043:
6039:
6008:
6004:
5994:
5992:
5982:
5978:
5967:
5963:
5942:
5938:
5928:
5926:
5924:
5908:
5904:
5895:
5893:
5883:
5879:
5867:
5863:
5858:
5854:
5845:
5841:
5829:
5825:
5816:
5812:
5804:Benjamin, ed.
5803:
5799:
5792:
5778:
5774:
5765:
5761:
5750:
5746:
5737:
5733:
5724:
5717:
5689:
5685:
5676:
5672:
5663:
5661:
5659:
5643:
5639:
5630:
5629:
5625:
5618:
5604:
5600:
5593:
5575:
5571:
5564:
5548:
5544:
5511:
5507:
5498:
5496:
5488:
5487:
5483:
5452:
5448:
5405:
5401:
5394:
5380:
5376:
5369:
5365:
5357:
5326:
5320:
5316:
5309:
5295:
5291:
5256:
5252:
5229:
5225:
5184:
5180:
5171:
5169:
5165:
5134:
5128:
5124:
5085:
5081:
5068:
5067:
5063:
5056:
5042:
5035:
5024:
5020:
4997:10.2307/2095750
4977:
4973:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4940:
4936:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4903:
4899:
4889:
4887:
4884:Merriam-Webster
4878:
4877:
4873:
4840:
4833:
4816:
4812:
4805:
4785:
4781:
4736:
4732:
4717:
4701:
4697:
4690:
4666:
4662:
4655:
4631:
4627:
4584:
4580:
4545:
4541:
4506:
4502:
4479:10.2307/2095750
4459:
4455:
4432:10.2307/2600949
4412:
4408:
4399:
4397:
4387:
4383:
4376:
4354:
4350:
4343:
4327:
4323:
4308:
4294:
4290:
4283:
4267:
4260:
4225:
4218:
4211:
4187:
4180:
4165:
4157:. Verso Books.
4151:
4147:
4137:
4135:
4119:
4110:
4100:
4098:
4083:
4082:
4075:
4071:, 1989, p. 291.
4067:
4060:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4030:
4023:
4018:
4013:
3999:Satellite state
3874:Colonial Empire
3823:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3644:White Barbadian
3594:White Uruguayan
3496:White Colombian
3476:White Brazilian
3448:
3282:(UK) including
3264:Italian Somalis
3026:
3016:
3004:
2865:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2830:
2814:
2803:
2797:
2789:Main articles:
2787:
2771:
2726:
2724:Race and gender
2697:, particularly
2687:Herbert Spencer
2668:
2570:
2565:
2564:
2540:
2532:
2512:
2502:
2500:Ocean and space
2493:exogeographical
2415:
2385:
2379:
2363:Jacobus Bontius
2308:
2256:
2250:viral disease.
2031:
2017:
1931:
1892:marginalisation
1865:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1830:
1814:
1803:
1756:
1657:Dutch Caribbean
1599:European empire
1563:
1545:
1394:
1363:detribalization
1336:
1329:Bob Satterfield
1321:
1315:
1295:
1116:
1085:Empire of Japan
914:
890:Baltic littoral
830:
784:
779:
767:Main articles:
765:
658:
652:
560:controversially
464:
438:
399:Merriam-Webster
374:Spiridione Roma
361:
339:Colonialism is
337:
327:
236:through modern
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13539:
13529:
13528:
13523:
13518:
13501:
13500:
13498:
13497:
13492:
13487:
13482:
13477:
13472:
13467:
13462:
13457:
13451:
13449:
13445:
13444:
13442:
13441:
13436:
13431:
13426:
13421:
13416:
13414:English school
13411:
13409:Constructivism
13405:
13403:
13397:
13396:
13394:
13393:
13388:
13387:
13386:
13381:
13379:Non-aggression
13376:
13371:
13366:
13356:
13351:
13346:
13341:
13336:
13331:
13326:
13321:
13316:
13311:
13306:
13301:
13296:
13295:
13294:
13289:
13279:
13274:
13269:
13264:
13259:
13254:
13249:
13244:
13239:
13234:
13229:
13224:
13223:
13222:
13217:
13212:
13201:
13199:
13195:
13194:
13192:
13191:
13186:
13181:
13176:
13171:
13166:
13160:
13158:
13152:
13151:
13148:
13147:
13145:
13144:
13139:
13133:
13131:
13127:
13126:
13124:
13123:
13118:
13113:
13108:
13103:
13098:
13093:
13087:
13085:
13078:
13072:
13071:
13069:
13068:
13062:
13059:
13058:
13051:
13050:
13043:
13036:
13028:
13019:
13018:
13016:
13015:
12996:
12993:
12992:
12990:
12989:
12984:
12979:
12974:
12969:
12968:
12967:
12962:
12957:
12952:
12944:
12939:
12934:
12929:
12927:Indian removal
12924:
12919:
12914:
12909:
12904:
12899:
12894:
12889:
12883:
12881:
12877:
12876:
12873:
12872:
12870:
12869:
12863:
12857:
12851:
12841:
12835:
12829:
12822:
12820:
12814:
12813:
12811:
12810:
12805:
12799:
12797:
12792:Indigenous-led
12789:
12788:
12786:
12785:
12780:
12779:
12778:
12770:
12768:Arctic Council
12765:
12764:
12763:
12757:African Union
12754:
12752:
12746:
12745:
12743:
12742:
12741:
12740:
12732:
12731:
12730:
12722:
12721:
12720:
12715:
12710:
12705:
12697:
12696:
12695:
12687:
12686:
12685:
12677:
12676:
12675:
12667:
12666:
12665:
12657:
12656:
12655:
12653:Te Puni KĆkiri
12646:
12644:
12635:
12631:
12630:
12628:
12627:
12622:
12617:
12615:Plastic shaman
12612:
12607:
12606:
12605:
12600:
12595:
12590:
12585:
12583:Indian reserve
12580:
12575:
12570:
12565:
12555:
12550:
12548:Green grabbing
12545:
12540:
12535:
12530:
12529:
12528:
12523:
12521:Sports mascots
12513:
12512:
12511:
12509:Bioprospecting
12501:
12500:
12499:
12494:
12484:
12478:
12476:
12472:
12471:
12469:
12468:
12459:
12454:
12449:
12444:
12439:
12434:
12429:
12424:
12419:
12414:
12409:
12404:
12399:
12394:
12388:
12386:
12380:
12379:
12377:
12376:
12375:
12374:
12372:in New Zealand
12369:
12359:
12358:
12357:
12352:
12342:
12341:
12340:
12335:
12330:
12320:
12315:
12310:
12305:
12300:
12294:
12292:
12288:
12287:
12278:International
12275:
12274:
12267:
12260:
12252:
12243:
12242:
12240:
12239:
12233:
12230:
12229:
12227:
12226:
12219:
12214:
12209:
12207:Social justice
12204:
12199:
12194:
12189:
12184:
12183:
12182:
12177:
12172:
12162:
12157:
12152:
12147:
12142:
12137:
12132:
12127:
12122:
12117:
12115:Egalitarianism
12112:
12107:
12105:Contractualism
12102:
12097:
12092:
12086:
12084:
12080:
12079:
12077:
12076:
12066:
12056:
12046:
12036:
12026:
12016:
12006:
11996:
11986:
11976:
11966:
11956:
11946:
11936:
11926:
11916:
11906:
11896:
11886:
11876:
11866:
11855:
11853:
11849:
11848:
11845:
11844:
11842:
11841:
11836:
11831:
11826:
11821:
11816:
11811:
11806:
11801:
11796:
11791:
11786:
11781:
11776:
11771:
11766:
11761:
11756:
11751:
11746:
11741:
11736:
11731:
11726:
11721:
11716:
11711:
11706:
11701:
11696:
11691:
11686:
11681:
11676:
11671:
11666:
11661:
11656:
11651:
11646:
11641:
11636:
11631:
11626:
11621:
11616:
11611:
11606:
11601:
11596:
11591:
11586:
11581:
11576:
11571:
11566:
11561:
11556:
11551:
11546:
11541:
11536:
11531:
11526:
11521:
11516:
11511:
11505:
11503:
11497:
11496:
11494:
11493:
11488:
11483:
11478:
11473:
11468:
11463:
11458:
11453:
11448:
11443:
11438:
11433:
11428:
11423:
11418:
11413:
11408:
11403:
11398:
11393:
11388:
11383:
11378:
11373:
11372:
11371:
11361:
11356:
11355:
11354:
11344:
11339:
11334:
11329:
11324:
11319:
11314:
11309:
11304:
11299:
11294:
11289:
11284:
11279:
11274:
11269:
11264:
11259:
11254:
11249:
11244:
11238:
11236:
11230:
11229:
11227:
11226:
11221:
11216:
11211:
11206:
11201:
11196:
11191:
11186:
11181:
11176:
11171:
11170:
11169:
11159:
11154:
11149:
11144:
11139:
11134:
11129:
11124:
11118:
11116:
11110:
11109:
11107:
11106:
11101:
11096:
11091:
11086:
11081:
11076:
11071:
11066:
11061:
11056:
11051:
11046:
11041:
11035:
11033:
11029:
11028:
11026:
11025:
11020:
11015:
11010:
11005:
11000:
10999:
10998:
10988:
10983:
10978:
10973:
10968:
10963:
10958:
10953:
10947:
10945:
10938:
10932:
10931:
10929:
10928:
10923:
10918:
10913:
10908:
10903:
10901:Overton window
10898:
10893:
10888:
10883:
10874:
10869:
10864:
10859:
10854:
10849:
10844:
10839:
10834:
10829:
10824:
10819:
10810:
10804:
10802:
10798:
10797:
10795:
10794:
10789:
10784:
10779:
10774:
10769:
10764:
10759:
10754:
10749:
10744:
10739:
10734:
10732:Libertarianism
10729:
10724:
10719:
10714:
10709:
10704:
10699:
10694:
10689:
10684:
10679:
10674:
10669:
10664:
10659:
10654:
10649:
10644:
10638:
10636:
10632:
10631:
10629:
10628:
10623:
10618:
10613:
10608:
10603:
10598:
10593:
10588:
10583:
10578:
10573:
10567:
10565:
10561:
10560:
10558:
10557:
10552:
10547:
10542:
10537:
10532:
10527:
10522:
10517:
10512:
10507:
10502:
10497:
10492:
10487:
10482:
10477:
10472:
10467:
10462:
10457:
10452:
10447:
10442:
10437:
10432:
10427:
10422:
10417:
10412:
10407:
10402:
10396:
10394:
10390:
10389:
10382:
10381:
10374:
10367:
10359:
10353:
10352:
10333:
10319:
10318:External links
10316:
10315:
10314:
10302:
10286:
10277:Conrad, Joseph
10272:
10269:
10268:
10267:
10250:
10229:(1): 323â367.
10218:
10208:
10201:
10184:
10165:
10162:
10157:978-0544602670
10156:
10138:
10131:Prashad, Vijay
10128:
10113:
10106:
10099:
10084:Nuzzo, Luigi:
10082:
10075:
10065:
10051:
10037:
10008:
10001:
9991:
9984:
9977:
9968:
9965:
9962:
9961:
9951:
9950:
9947:
9946:
9922:
9904:
9880:
9866:
9852:
9833:
9808:
9780:
9755:
9731:
9707:
9683:
9664:
9640:
9603:
9579:
9555:
9521:
9487:
9466:
9432:
9408:
9380:
9346:
9322:
9293:
9258:
9234:
9205:(9): 702â706.
9185:
9169:
9162:
9142:
9118:
9094:
9070:
9046:
9030:
9006:
8983:
8959:
8933:
8911:
8898:
8874:
8858:
8834:
8822:
8805:
8782:
8758:
8739:
8696:
8672:
8648:
8629:
8617:
8589:
8572:
8547:
8517:
8488:
8468:
8453:
8435:
8411:
8399:
8392:
8372:
8344:
8310:
8297:2027.42/136501
8259:
8244:
8217:
8195:
8182:
8175:
8155:
8148:
8128:
8120:
8100:
8093:
8071:
8057:
8050:
8025:
8018:
7983:
7968:
7950:
7943:
7917:
7891:
7865:
7854:. May 29, 2018
7839:
7798:
7791:
7765:
7744:10.2307/215456
7714:
7672:
7651:10.2307/215456
7637:(3): 316â335.
7621:
7607:
7584:
7549:
7542:
7521:
7503:
7488:
7445:
7427:
7408:
7390:
7365:
7347:
7336:(3): 751â775.
7320:
7291:
7279:
7261:
7245:
7226:
7208:
7192:
7174:
7171:on 2009-10-29.
7156:
7138:
7114:
7063:
7042:
7029:
7016:
6985:
6967:
6941:
6923:
6901:
6885:
6869:
6862:
6838:
6831:
6813:
6806:
6782:
6762:
6742:
6724:
6704:
6686:
6666:
6638:
6631:
6604:
6584:
6558:(4): 434â463.
6535:
6492:
6485:
6461:
6454:
6430:
6412:
6377:
6370:
6352:
6345:
6327:
6314:
6304:
6286:
6265:
6245:
6210:
6201:
6189:
6156:
6129:(4): 687â706.
6113:
6083:
6076:
6046:
6037:
6002:
5976:
5961:
5936:
5922:
5902:
5877:
5861:
5852:
5839:
5823:
5810:
5797:
5790:
5772:
5759:
5744:
5731:
5715:
5683:
5670:
5657:
5637:
5623:
5616:
5598:
5591:
5569:
5562:
5542:
5505:
5481:
5462:(2): 156â184.
5446:
5399:
5392:
5374:
5363:
5337:(4): 719â744.
5314:
5307:
5289:
5250:
5239:(3/4): 84â90.
5223:
5194:(3): 271â285.
5178:
5122:
5095:(3): 325â351.
5079:
5061:
5054:
5033:
5018:
4991:(6): 846â860.
4971:
4957:
4934:
4920:
4897:
4871:
4831:
4810:
4803:
4779:
4730:
4715:
4695:
4688:
4660:
4653:
4625:
4578:
4539:
4500:
4473:(6): 846â860.
4453:
4426:(4): 429â454.
4406:
4381:
4374:
4348:
4341:
4321:
4306:
4288:
4281:
4258:
4216:
4209:
4178:
4163:
4145:
4108:
4073:
4058:
4044:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
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3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3825:History portal
3812:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3802:Norfolk Island
3799:
3793:
3787:
3781:
3771:
3761:
3751:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3709:
3692:
3687:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3653:
3647:
3637:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3611:
3587:
3581:
3571:
3565:
3559:
3553:
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3527:
3521:
3515:
3505:
3499:
3489:
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3463:
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3384:
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3358:
3344:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3293:
3287:
3277:
3267:
3257:
3247:
3236:Canary Islands
3233:
3228:
3218:
3208:
3198:
3188:
3182:
3172:
3162:
3156:
3146:
3105:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3070:
3056:Northern China
3024:Greater Europe
3015:
3012:
3003:
3000:
2990:British Empire
2867:
2866:
2817:
2815:
2808:
2786:
2783:
2770:
2767:
2751:Sarah Baartman
2747:Georges Cuvier
2725:
2722:
2683:Richard Cobden
2667:
2664:
2642:to a stage of
2608:Vasyl Shakhrai
2598:and later the
2569:
2566:
2561:Vladimir Lenin
2541:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2501:
2498:
2484:largest empire
2480:British Empire
2399:tools such as
2378:
2375:
2307:
2304:
2292:mortality rate
2255:
2252:
2224:average height
2220:anthropometric
2209:microbiologist
2205:bubonic plague
2134:whooping cough
2094:was caused by
2084:Plains Indians
2016:
2013:
1977:Indo Europeans
1930:
1927:
1867:
1866:
1817:
1815:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1755:
1752:
1742:Following the
1706:Boer Republics
1673:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1665:British Empire
1662:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1643:Spanish Empire
1640:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1621:British Empire
1618:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1592:, 18th century
1544:
1541:
1470:Daron Acemoglu
1418:Ottoman Empire
1393:
1390:
1332:civilization".
1317:Main article:
1314:
1311:
1294:
1291:
1256:neocolonialism
1241:United Nations
1237:decolonisation
1170:and the like.
1115:
1112:
1077:Ottoman Empire
1073:Russian Empire
1022:Spanish Empire
995:British Empire
972:Spanish Empire
937:Constantinople
933:Ottoman Empire
913:
910:
902:Fourth Crusade
829:
826:
812:Persian Empire
783:
780:
764:
761:
724:Indo-Europeans
677:French Algeria
651:
648:
647:
646:
631:
623:
601:
589:
567:
463:
460:
360:
357:
341:etymologically
326:
323:
319:neocolonialism
315:state capacity
295:Decolonization
266:discrimination
262:intersectional
156:Hugli-Chuchura
130:
129:
44:
42:
35:
26:
18:Colonial power
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13538:
13527:
13524:
13522:
13519:
13517:
13514:
13513:
13511:
13496:
13493:
13491:
13488:
13486:
13483:
13481:
13478:
13476:
13473:
13471:
13468:
13466:
13463:
13461:
13458:
13456:
13453:
13452:
13450:
13446:
13440:
13437:
13435:
13432:
13430:
13427:
13425:
13422:
13420:
13417:
13415:
13412:
13410:
13407:
13406:
13404:
13402:
13398:
13392:
13389:
13385:
13382:
13380:
13377:
13375:
13372:
13370:
13367:
13365:
13362:
13361:
13360:
13357:
13355:
13352:
13350:
13347:
13345:
13342:
13340:
13337:
13335:
13332:
13330:
13327:
13325:
13322:
13320:
13317:
13315:
13312:
13310:
13307:
13305:
13302:
13300:
13297:
13293:
13290:
13288:
13285:
13284:
13283:
13280:
13278:
13275:
13273:
13270:
13268:
13265:
13263:
13260:
13258:
13255:
13253:
13250:
13248:
13245:
13243:
13240:
13238:
13235:
13233:
13230:
13228:
13225:
13221:
13218:
13216:
13213:
13211:
13208:
13207:
13206:
13203:
13202:
13200:
13196:
13190:
13187:
13185:
13182:
13180:
13177:
13175:
13172:
13170:
13167:
13165:
13162:
13161:
13159:
13157:
13153:
13143:
13140:
13138:
13135:
13134:
13132:
13128:
13122:
13119:
13117:
13114:
13112:
13109:
13107:
13104:
13102:
13099:
13097:
13094:
13092:
13089:
13088:
13086:
13082:
13079:
13077:
13076:Organizations
13073:
13067:
13064:
13063:
13060:
13056:
13049:
13044:
13042:
13037:
13035:
13030:
13029:
13026:
13014:
13013:
13008:
13007:
12998:
12997:
12994:
12988:
12985:
12983:
12980:
12978:
12975:
12973:
12970:
12966:
12965:United States
12963:
12961:
12958:
12956:
12953:
12951:
12948:
12947:
12945:
12943:
12940:
12938:
12935:
12933:
12930:
12928:
12925:
12923:
12920:
12918:
12915:
12913:
12910:
12908:
12905:
12903:
12900:
12898:
12895:
12893:
12890:
12888:
12885:
12884:
12882:
12878:
12868:
12864:
12862:
12858:
12856:
12852:
12850:
12846:
12842:
12840:
12836:
12834:
12830:
12828:
12824:
12823:
12821:
12815:
12809:
12806:
12804:
12801:
12800:
12798:
12794:international
12790:
12784:
12781:
12777:
12774:
12773:
12771:
12769:
12766:
12762:
12759:
12758:
12756:
12755:
12753:
12747:
12739:
12736:
12735:
12733:
12729:
12726:
12725:
12723:
12719:
12716:
12714:
12711:
12709:
12706:
12704:
12701:
12700:
12698:
12694:
12691:
12690:
12688:
12684:
12681:
12680:
12678:
12674:
12671:
12670:
12668:
12664:
12661:
12660:
12658:
12654:
12651:
12650:
12648:
12647:
12645:
12639:
12636:
12632:
12626:
12623:
12621:
12618:
12616:
12613:
12611:
12608:
12604:
12601:
12599:
12596:
12594:
12591:
12589:
12586:
12584:
12581:
12579:
12578:Indian colony
12576:
12574:
12571:
12569:
12566:
12564:
12561:
12560:
12559:
12556:
12554:
12551:
12549:
12546:
12544:
12541:
12539:
12536:
12534:
12531:
12527:
12524:
12522:
12519:
12518:
12517:
12514:
12510:
12507:
12506:
12505:
12502:
12498:
12495:
12493:
12490:
12489:
12488:
12485:
12483:
12480:
12479:
12477:
12473:
12466:
12465:
12460:
12458:
12455:
12453:
12450:
12448:
12445:
12443:
12440:
12438:
12435:
12433:
12430:
12428:
12425:
12423:
12420:
12418:
12415:
12413:
12410:
12408:
12405:
12403:
12400:
12398:
12395:
12393:
12390:
12389:
12387:
12381:
12373:
12370:
12368:
12365:
12364:
12363:
12362:Treaty rights
12360:
12356:
12353:
12351:
12348:
12347:
12346:
12343:
12339:
12336:
12334:
12331:
12329:
12326:
12325:
12324:
12321:
12319:
12316:
12314:
12311:
12309:
12306:
12304:
12301:
12299:
12296:
12295:
12293:
12289:
12285:
12281:
12273:
12268:
12266:
12261:
12259:
12254:
12253:
12250:
12238:
12235:
12234:
12231:
12225:
12224:
12220:
12218:
12215:
12213:
12210:
12208:
12205:
12203:
12200:
12198:
12195:
12193:
12190:
12188:
12185:
12181:
12178:
12176:
12173:
12171:
12168:
12167:
12166:
12163:
12161:
12158:
12156:
12153:
12151:
12148:
12146:
12143:
12141:
12140:Jurisprudence
12138:
12136:
12133:
12131:
12128:
12126:
12123:
12121:
12118:
12116:
12113:
12111:
12108:
12106:
12103:
12101:
12098:
12096:
12093:
12091:
12088:
12087:
12085:
12081:
12072:
12071:
12067:
12062:
12061:
12057:
12052:
12051:
12047:
12042:
12041:
12037:
12032:
12031:
12027:
12022:
12021:
12017:
12012:
12011:
12007:
12002:
12001:
11997:
11992:
11991:
11987:
11982:
11981:
11977:
11972:
11971:
11970:Rights of Man
11967:
11962:
11961:
11957:
11952:
11951:
11947:
11942:
11941:
11937:
11932:
11931:
11927:
11922:
11921:
11917:
11912:
11911:
11907:
11902:
11901:
11897:
11892:
11891:
11887:
11882:
11881:
11880:De re publica
11877:
11872:
11871:
11867:
11862:
11861:
11857:
11856:
11854:
11850:
11840:
11837:
11835:
11832:
11830:
11827:
11825:
11822:
11820:
11817:
11815:
11812:
11810:
11807:
11805:
11802:
11800:
11797:
11795:
11792:
11790:
11787:
11785:
11782:
11780:
11777:
11775:
11772:
11770:
11767:
11765:
11762:
11760:
11757:
11755:
11752:
11750:
11747:
11745:
11742:
11740:
11737:
11735:
11732:
11730:
11727:
11725:
11722:
11720:
11717:
11715:
11712:
11710:
11707:
11705:
11702:
11700:
11697:
11695:
11692:
11690:
11687:
11685:
11682:
11680:
11677:
11675:
11672:
11670:
11667:
11665:
11662:
11660:
11657:
11655:
11652:
11650:
11647:
11645:
11642:
11640:
11637:
11635:
11632:
11630:
11627:
11625:
11622:
11620:
11617:
11615:
11612:
11610:
11607:
11605:
11602:
11600:
11597:
11595:
11592:
11590:
11587:
11585:
11582:
11580:
11577:
11575:
11572:
11570:
11567:
11565:
11562:
11560:
11557:
11555:
11552:
11550:
11547:
11545:
11542:
11540:
11537:
11535:
11532:
11530:
11527:
11525:
11522:
11520:
11517:
11515:
11512:
11510:
11507:
11506:
11504:
11500:20th and 21st
11498:
11492:
11489:
11487:
11484:
11482:
11479:
11477:
11474:
11472:
11469:
11467:
11464:
11462:
11459:
11457:
11454:
11452:
11449:
11447:
11444:
11442:
11439:
11437:
11434:
11432:
11429:
11427:
11424:
11422:
11419:
11417:
11414:
11412:
11409:
11407:
11404:
11402:
11399:
11397:
11394:
11392:
11389:
11387:
11384:
11382:
11379:
11377:
11374:
11370:
11367:
11366:
11365:
11362:
11360:
11357:
11353:
11350:
11349:
11348:
11345:
11343:
11340:
11338:
11335:
11333:
11330:
11328:
11325:
11323:
11320:
11318:
11315:
11313:
11310:
11308:
11305:
11303:
11300:
11298:
11295:
11293:
11290:
11288:
11285:
11283:
11280:
11278:
11275:
11273:
11270:
11268:
11265:
11263:
11260:
11258:
11255:
11253:
11250:
11248:
11245:
11243:
11240:
11239:
11237:
11233:18th and 19th
11231:
11225:
11222:
11220:
11217:
11215:
11212:
11210:
11207:
11205:
11202:
11200:
11197:
11195:
11192:
11190:
11187:
11185:
11182:
11180:
11177:
11175:
11172:
11168:
11165:
11164:
11163:
11160:
11158:
11155:
11153:
11150:
11148:
11145:
11143:
11140:
11138:
11135:
11133:
11130:
11128:
11125:
11123:
11120:
11119:
11117:
11111:
11105:
11102:
11100:
11097:
11095:
11092:
11090:
11089:Nizam al-Mulk
11087:
11085:
11082:
11080:
11077:
11075:
11072:
11070:
11067:
11065:
11062:
11060:
11057:
11055:
11052:
11050:
11047:
11045:
11042:
11040:
11037:
11036:
11034:
11030:
11024:
11021:
11019:
11016:
11014:
11011:
11009:
11006:
11004:
11001:
10997:
10994:
10993:
10992:
10989:
10987:
10984:
10982:
10979:
10977:
10974:
10972:
10969:
10967:
10964:
10962:
10959:
10957:
10954:
10952:
10949:
10948:
10946:
10942:
10939:
10937:
10933:
10927:
10924:
10922:
10919:
10917:
10914:
10912:
10909:
10907:
10904:
10902:
10899:
10897:
10894:
10892:
10889:
10887:
10884:
10881:
10880:
10875:
10873:
10870:
10868:
10865:
10863:
10860:
10858:
10855:
10853:
10850:
10848:
10845:
10843:
10840:
10838:
10835:
10833:
10830:
10828:
10825:
10823:
10820:
10817:
10816:
10811:
10809:
10806:
10805:
10803:
10799:
10793:
10790:
10788:
10785:
10783:
10780:
10778:
10775:
10773:
10772:Republicanism
10770:
10768:
10765:
10763:
10760:
10758:
10755:
10753:
10750:
10748:
10745:
10743:
10740:
10738:
10735:
10733:
10730:
10728:
10725:
10723:
10720:
10718:
10715:
10713:
10710:
10708:
10705:
10703:
10700:
10698:
10695:
10693:
10690:
10688:
10685:
10683:
10680:
10678:
10675:
10673:
10670:
10668:
10665:
10663:
10660:
10658:
10655:
10653:
10650:
10648:
10645:
10643:
10640:
10639:
10637:
10633:
10627:
10624:
10622:
10619:
10617:
10614:
10612:
10609:
10607:
10604:
10602:
10599:
10597:
10594:
10592:
10589:
10587:
10584:
10582:
10579:
10577:
10574:
10572:
10569:
10568:
10566:
10562:
10556:
10553:
10551:
10548:
10546:
10543:
10541:
10538:
10536:
10533:
10531:
10528:
10526:
10523:
10521:
10518:
10516:
10513:
10511:
10508:
10506:
10503:
10501:
10498:
10496:
10493:
10491:
10488:
10486:
10483:
10481:
10478:
10476:
10473:
10471:
10468:
10466:
10463:
10461:
10458:
10456:
10453:
10451:
10448:
10446:
10443:
10441:
10438:
10436:
10433:
10431:
10428:
10426:
10423:
10421:
10418:
10416:
10413:
10411:
10408:
10406:
10403:
10401:
10398:
10397:
10395:
10391:
10387:
10380:
10375:
10373:
10368:
10366:
10361:
10360:
10357:
10349:
10348:
10343:
10339:
10338:"Colonialism"
10334:
10331:
10326:
10322:
10321:
10312:
10311:
10306:
10303:
10300:
10297:, Preface by
10296:
10295:
10290:
10289:Fanon, Frantz
10287:
10284:
10283:
10278:
10275:
10274:
10265:
10261:
10257:
10256:
10251:
10249:
10244:
10240:
10236:
10232:
10228:
10224:
10219:
10217:
10216:survey online
10213:
10209:
10206:
10202:
10199:
10195:
10191:
10190:
10185:
10182:
10178:
10174:
10170:
10166:
10163:
10159:
10153:
10149:
10148:
10143:
10139:
10136:
10132:
10129:
10126:
10122:
10118:
10114:
10111:
10107:
10104:
10100:
10097:
10093:
10089:
10088:
10083:
10080:
10076:
10074:
10070:
10066:
10064:
10060:
10056:
10052:
10050:
10049:2-213-62316-3
10046:
10042:
10038:
10033:
10028:
10024:
10020:
10019:
10014:
10009:
10006:
10002:
10000:
9996:
9992:
9989:
9985:
9982:
9978:
9976:(1982) 581 pp
9975:
9971:
9970:
9956:
9952:
9942:
9938:
9937:
9932:
9926:
9918:
9914:
9908:
9900:
9896:
9895:
9890:
9884:
9876:
9870:
9862:
9856:
9849:
9845:
9842:
9837:
9823:on 2010-09-23
9822:
9818:
9812:
9806:
9800:
9796:
9795:
9790:
9784:
9770:on 2017-10-19
9769:
9765:
9759:
9751:
9747:
9746:
9741:
9735:
9727:
9723:
9722:
9717:
9711:
9703:
9699:
9698:
9693:
9687:
9680:
9676:
9673:
9668:
9660:
9656:
9655:
9650:
9644:
9633:
9629:
9625:
9621:
9614:
9607:
9599:
9595:
9594:
9589:
9583:
9575:
9571:
9570:
9565:
9559:
9553:
9541:
9537:
9536:
9531:
9525:
9519:
9507:
9503:
9502:
9497:
9491:
9483:
9479:
9473:
9471:
9464:
9452:
9448:
9447:
9442:
9436:
9428:
9424:
9423:
9418:
9412:
9406:
9400:
9396:
9395:
9390:
9384:
9378:
9366:
9362:
9361:
9356:
9350:
9342:
9338:
9337:
9332:
9326:
9312:on 2011-04-14
9311:
9307:
9303:
9297:
9290:
9278:
9274:
9273:
9268:
9262:
9254:
9250:
9249:
9244:
9238:
9230:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9212:
9208:
9204:
9200:
9196:
9189:
9182:
9178:
9173:
9165:
9159:
9155:
9154:
9146:
9138:
9134:
9133:
9128:
9122:
9114:
9110:
9109:
9104:
9098:
9090:
9086:
9085:
9080:
9074:
9067:
9063:
9059:
9056:
9053:HK Census. "
9050:
9043:
9039:
9034:
9026:
9022:
9021:
9016:
9010:
9003:
9002:80-254-6365-6
8999:
8995:
8994:
8987:
8979:
8975:
8974:
8969:
8963:
8956:
8952:
8946:
8944:
8942:
8940:
8938:
8931:
8930:1-84331-117-8
8927:
8923:
8922:
8915:
8908:
8902:
8895:
8894:The Globalist
8891:
8887:
8884:
8878:
8871:
8867:
8862:
8854:
8850:
8849:
8844:
8838:
8831:
8826:
8819:
8815:
8809:
8802:
8801:92-871-2611-9
8798:
8794:
8793:
8786:
8778:
8774:
8773:
8768:
8762:
8754:
8750:
8743:
8735:
8731:
8727:
8723:
8719:
8715:
8712:(4): 248â53.
8711:
8707:
8700:
8692:
8688:
8687:
8682:
8676:
8668:
8664:
8663:
8658:
8652:
8645:
8641:
8638:
8633:
8626:
8625:Richards 2003
8621:
8606:
8599:
8598:"Census 2020"
8593:
8585:
8584:
8576:
8561:
8557:
8551:
8535:
8531:
8527:
8521:
8514:
8512:
8509:and Colonial
8508:
8504:
8491:
8485:
8481:
8480:
8472:
8464:
8457:
8449:
8445:
8439:
8431:
8424:
8422:
8420:
8418:
8416:
8408:
8403:
8395:
8389:
8385:
8384:
8376:
8368:
8364:
8357:
8355:
8353:
8351:
8349:
8340:
8336:
8333:(3): 415â33.
8332:
8328:
8321:
8319:
8317:
8315:
8303:
8298:
8293:
8289:
8285:
8282:(4): 634â60.
8281:
8277:
8270:
8263:
8255:
8248:
8232:
8228:
8221:
8214:
8210:
8207:
8202:
8200:
8192:
8186:
8178:
8172:
8168:
8167:
8159:
8151:
8145:
8141:
8140:
8132:
8123:
8121:9789041104724
8117:
8113:
8112:
8104:
8096:
8094:9781136952913
8090:
8087:. Routledge.
8086:
8082:
8075:
8067:
8061:
8053:
8047:
8043:
8036:
8034:
8032:
8030:
8021:
8019:9781412946728
8015:
8011:
8007:
8003:
7999:
7992:
7990:
7988:
7979:
7975:
7971:
7965:
7961:
7954:
7946:
7940:
7936:
7932:
7928:
7921:
7906:
7902:
7895:
7879:
7875:
7869:
7853:
7849:
7843:
7835:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7817:
7813:
7809:
7802:
7794:
7788:
7784:
7779:
7778:
7769:
7761:
7757:
7753:
7749:
7745:
7741:
7737:
7733:
7729:
7725:
7718:
7710:
7706:
7702:
7698:
7694:
7690:
7689:Cartographica
7683:
7676:
7668:
7664:
7660:
7656:
7652:
7648:
7644:
7640:
7636:
7632:
7625:
7610:
7604:
7600:
7599:
7594:
7588:
7580:
7576:
7572:
7568:
7564:
7560:
7553:
7545:
7539:
7535:
7528:
7526:
7518:
7512:
7510:
7508:
7499:
7492:
7484:
7480:
7476:
7472:
7468:
7464:
7461:(1): 165â69.
7460:
7456:
7449:
7441:
7437:
7431:
7424:
7420:
7417:
7412:
7406:
7402:
7399:
7394:
7380:on 2008-02-05
7379:
7375:
7369:
7361:
7357:
7351:
7343:
7339:
7335:
7331:
7324:
7310:on 2012-05-30
7309:
7305:
7301:
7295:
7288:
7283:
7275:
7271:
7265:
7258:
7254:
7249:
7242:
7238:
7235:
7230:
7224:
7220:
7217:
7212:
7205:
7201:
7196:
7188:
7184:
7178:
7170:
7166:
7160:
7152:
7148:
7142:
7128:
7124:
7118:
7110:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7083:(2): 112â15.
7082:
7078:
7074:
7067:
7060:
7056:
7053:
7052:
7046:
7039:
7033:
7026:
7020:
7012:
7008:
7004:
7000:
6996:
6989:
6981:
6977:
6971:
6955:
6951:
6945:
6937:
6933:
6927:
6911:
6905:
6899:
6898:90-5589-173-8
6895:
6889:
6883:
6882:90-351-2361-1
6879:
6873:
6865:
6859:
6855:
6851:
6850:
6842:
6834:
6828:
6824:
6817:
6809:
6803:
6799:
6795:
6794:
6786:
6779:
6765:
6763:9783656715245
6759:
6755:
6754:
6746:
6739:
6727:
6725:9780415694728
6721:
6717:
6716:
6708:
6701:
6689:
6687:9781775587859
6683:
6679:
6678:
6670:
6663:
6658:
6657:
6652:
6648:
6642:
6634:
6628:
6624:
6620:
6619:
6611:
6609:
6601:
6597:
6594:
6588:
6577:
6573:
6569:
6565:
6561:
6557:
6553:
6546:
6539:
6530:
6529:1721.1/136437
6525:
6520:
6515:
6511:
6507:
6503:
6496:
6488:
6482:
6478:
6474:
6473:
6465:
6457:
6451:
6447:
6443:
6442:
6434:
6420:on 2016-02-05
6419:
6415:
6413:9780444520418
6409:
6405:
6401:
6397:
6393:
6386:
6384:
6382:
6373:
6367:
6363:
6356:
6348:
6342:
6338:
6331:
6324:
6318:
6311:
6307:
6301:
6297:
6290:
6282:
6276:
6268:
6262:
6258:
6257:
6249:
6241:
6237:
6233:
6229:
6226:(3): 375â97.
6225:
6221:
6214:
6205:
6196:
6194:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6167:
6160:
6152:
6148:
6144:
6140:
6136:
6132:
6128:
6124:
6117:
6101:
6097:
6093:
6087:
6079:
6077:9781412946728
6073:
6069:
6065:
6061:
6057:
6050:
6041:
6033:
6029:
6025:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6006:
5991:
5987:
5980:
5972:
5965:
5957:
5953:
5949:
5948:
5940:
5925:
5923:9781317701798
5919:
5915:
5914:
5906:
5892:
5888:
5881:
5875:
5871:
5865:
5856:
5849:
5843:
5837:
5834:(1922), p. 5
5833:
5827:
5820:
5814:
5807:
5801:
5793:
5791:9781107120624
5787:
5783:
5776:
5769:
5763:
5757:
5755:
5748:
5741:
5735:
5728:
5722:
5720:
5711:
5707:
5703:
5699:
5698:
5693:
5687:
5680:
5674:
5660:
5654:
5650:
5649:
5641:
5633:
5627:
5619:
5617:9781438119830
5613:
5609:
5602:
5594:
5588:
5584:
5580:
5573:
5565:
5559:
5555:
5554:
5546:
5540:
5536:
5532:
5528:
5524:
5520:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5495:
5491:
5485:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5457:
5450:
5442:
5438:
5434:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5403:
5395:
5389:
5385:
5378:
5372:
5367:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5340:
5336:
5332:
5325:
5318:
5310:
5308:0-520-04000-7
5304:
5300:
5293:
5285:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5254:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5227:
5219:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5182:
5168:on 2019-02-23
5164:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5133:
5126:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5083:
5075:
5071:
5065:
5057:
5051:
5047:
5040:
5038:
5029:
5022:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4975:
4960:
4954:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4938:
4923:
4917:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4901:
4885:
4881:
4880:"Colonialism"
4875:
4867:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4838:
4836:
4827:
4823:
4822:
4814:
4806:
4800:
4797:. p. 5.
4796:
4792:
4791:
4783:
4775:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4734:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4712:
4708:
4707:
4699:
4691:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4672:
4664:
4656:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4637:
4629:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4582:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4543:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4504:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4457:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4410:
4396:
4392:
4385:
4377:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4352:
4344:
4338:
4334:
4333:
4325:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4303:
4299:
4292:
4284:
4278:
4274:
4273:
4265:
4263:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4223:
4221:
4212:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4193:
4185:
4183:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4160:
4156:
4149:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4123:"Colonialism"
4117:
4115:
4113:
4096:
4095:HarperCollins
4092:
4091:
4086:
4085:"Colonialism"
4080:
4078:
4070:
4065:
4063:
4047:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4028:
4026:
4021:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3954:Global Empire
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3899:Decoloniality
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3815:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3765:
3764:New Caledonia
3762:
3759:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3712:United States
3710:
3705:
3701:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3672:French Guiana
3670:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3546:White Mexican
3543:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3486:White Chilean
3483:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3429:
3428:
3427:Latin America
3424:
3419:
3418:Anglo-Indians
3415:
3412:
3409:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3310:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3225:French people
3222:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3110:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3011:
3009:
3006:The field of
2998:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2981:in his work.
2980:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2889:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2860:
2852:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2818:This section
2816:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2792:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2633:
2626:
2624:
2623:Walter Rodney
2619:
2617:
2613:
2612:Soviet regime
2609:
2605:
2604:Sultan Galiev
2601:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2587:Lyal S. Sunga
2584:
2580:
2575:
2562:
2558:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2538:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2494:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2463:
2461:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2374:
2372:
2371:Carl Linnaeus
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2343:Vasco de Gama
2340:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2329:Peruvian bark
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2288:human history
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2240:land grabbing
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2142:Easter Island
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2012:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1888:First Nations
1881:
1877:
1873:
1863:
1860:
1852:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1818:This section
1816:
1812:
1807:
1806:
1801:End of empire
1798:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1765:
1760:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1724:
1719:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1678:Abolitionists
1670:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1646:Latin America
1645:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1632:French Empire
1631:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1475:
1474:Simon Johnson
1471:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1440:
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1426:
1421:
1419:
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1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1235:(1939â1945),
1234:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1210:Soviet empire
1207:
1203:
1199:
1190:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1124:
1120:
1111:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1093:United States
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
964:trading posts
961:
957:
952:
950:
946:
942:
938:
935:colonialised
934:
930:
922:
921:Iberian Union
918:
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
874:Eastern Roman
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
854:Mediterranean
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
825:
823:
822:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
778:
774:
770:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
736:
731:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
688:Anglo-Burmese
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
664:
657:
644:
640:
636:
632:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
605:
602:
599:
595:
590:
587:
583:
579:
578:trading posts
575:
571:
568:
565:
561:
557:
553:
552:United States
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
512:
508:
504:
501:
500:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
480:
473:
468:
459:
457:
452:
447:
442:
436:
432:
427:
425:
420:
416:
411:
410:
404:
402:
400:
395:
391:
390:
385:
379:
375:
372:, painted by
371:
370:
365:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
336:
332:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
290:
286:
282:
277:
275:
271:
267:
264:violence and
263:
259:
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243:
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227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
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177:
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136:
126:
123:
115:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73: â
72:
71:"Colonialism"
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
13374:Multilateral
13304:Isolationism
13257:Expansionism
13241:
13011:
13005:
12960:South Africa
12817:Treaties and
12689:Philippines
12641:Governmental
12486:
12463:
12392:Amazon Watch
12367:in Australia
12328:in Australia
12221:
12120:Elite theory
12068:
12058:
12048:
12038:
12028:
12018:
12008:
11998:
11988:
11978:
11968:
11958:
11948:
11938:
11928:
11918:
11908:
11898:
11888:
11878:
11868:
11858:
11157:Guicciardini
11113:Early modern
10936:Philosophers
10886:Open society
10822:Body politic
10692:Distributism
10682:Conservatism
10677:Confucianism
10661:
10596:Gerontocracy
10586:Dictatorship
10540:Sovereigntyâ
10530:Ruling class
10420:Emancipation
10405:Citizenshipâ
10345:
10332:at Wikiquote
10308:
10292:
10280:
10254:
10248:Ab Imperio E
10226:
10222:
10211:
10204:
10188:
10180:
10168:
10146:
10134:
10116:
10112:(3 vol 2003)
10109:
10102:
10087:Colonial Law
10086:
10078:
10068:
10054:
10040:
10022:
10016:
10004:
9994:
9987:
9980:
9973:
9955:
9934:
9925:
9917:the original
9907:
9892:
9883:
9869:
9855:
9836:
9825:. Retrieved
9821:the original
9811:
9792:
9783:
9772:. Retrieved
9768:the original
9758:
9743:
9734:
9719:
9710:
9695:
9686:
9667:
9652:
9643:
9632:the original
9620:Convergencia
9619:
9606:
9591:
9582:
9567:
9558:
9543:. Retrieved
9533:
9524:
9509:. Retrieved
9499:
9490:
9481:
9454:. Retrieved
9444:
9435:
9420:
9411:
9392:
9383:
9368:. Retrieved
9358:
9349:
9334:
9325:
9314:. Retrieved
9310:the original
9305:
9296:
9280:. Retrieved
9270:
9261:
9246:
9237:
9202:
9198:
9188:
9172:
9152:
9145:
9130:
9121:
9106:
9097:
9082:
9073:
9065:
9049:
9041:
9033:
9018:
9009:
8991:
8986:
8971:
8962:
8919:
8914:
8901:
8881:Fiona Hill,
8877:
8869:
8861:
8846:
8837:
8825:
8808:
8790:
8785:
8770:
8761:
8752:
8742:
8709:
8705:
8699:
8684:
8675:
8660:
8651:
8632:
8620:
8608:. Retrieved
8604:
8592:
8582:
8575:
8564:. Retrieved
8562:. 2021-09-02
8559:
8550:
8538:. Retrieved
8534:the original
8529:
8520:
8510:
8506:
8502:
8500:
8493:. Retrieved
8478:
8471:
8456:
8448:The Guardian
8447:
8438:
8432:. p. 2.
8429:
8402:
8382:
8375:
8369:. Routledge.
8366:
8330:
8326:
8279:
8275:
8262:
8253:
8247:
8235:. Retrieved
8230:
8220:
8190:
8185:
8165:
8158:
8138:
8131:
8110:
8103:
8084:
8074:
8060:
8041:
8001:
7959:
7953:
7926:
7920:
7908:. Retrieved
7904:
7894:
7882:. Retrieved
7877:
7868:
7856:. Retrieved
7851:
7842:
7815:
7811:
7801:
7776:
7768:
7727:
7723:
7717:
7692:
7688:
7675:
7634:
7630:
7624:
7612:. Retrieved
7597:
7587:
7562:
7558:
7552:
7533:
7516:
7497:
7491:
7458:
7454:
7448:
7439:
7430:
7411:
7393:
7382:. Retrieved
7378:the original
7368:
7360:the original
7350:
7333:
7329:
7323:
7312:. Retrieved
7308:the original
7303:
7294:
7282:
7273:
7264:
7256:
7248:
7229:
7211:
7203:
7195:
7187:the original
7177:
7169:the original
7159:
7151:the original
7141:
7130:. Retrieved
7126:
7117:
7080:
7076:
7066:
7050:
7045:
7037:
7032:
7024:
7019:
7005:(2): 67â75.
7002:
6998:
6988:
6980:taalunie.org
6979:
6970:
6958:. Retrieved
6953:
6944:
6935:
6926:
6916:February 24,
6914:. Retrieved
6904:
6888:
6872:
6848:
6841:
6822:
6816:
6792:
6785:
6774:
6767:. Retrieved
6752:
6745:
6736:
6729:. Retrieved
6714:
6707:
6698:
6691:. Retrieved
6676:
6669:
6660:
6654:
6641:
6617:
6587:
6555:
6551:
6538:
6509:
6505:
6495:
6471:
6464:
6440:
6433:
6422:. Retrieved
6418:the original
6395:
6361:
6355:
6336:
6330:
6317:
6309:
6295:
6289:
6255:
6248:
6223:
6219:
6213:
6204:
6181:. Retrieved
6169:
6159:
6126:
6122:
6116:
6106:29 September
6104:. Retrieved
6095:
6086:
6059:
6049:
6040:
6018:(1): 59â87.
6015:
6011:
6005:
5993:. Retrieved
5989:
5979:
5970:
5964:
5946:
5939:
5927:. Retrieved
5912:
5905:
5894:. Retrieved
5890:
5880:
5869:
5864:
5855:
5847:
5842:
5831:
5826:
5818:
5813:
5808:(3 vol 2006)
5805:
5800:
5781:
5775:
5767:
5762:
5753:
5747:
5742:(3 vol 2006)
5739:
5734:
5726:
5704:(1): 18â44.
5701:
5695:
5692:Brice, W. C.
5686:
5678:
5673:
5662:. Retrieved
5647:
5640:
5626:
5607:
5601:
5582:
5572:
5552:
5545:
5517:
5508:
5497:. Retrieved
5493:
5484:
5459:
5455:
5449:
5419:(4): 27â37.
5416:
5412:
5402:
5383:
5377:
5366:
5334:
5330:
5317:
5298:
5292:
5270:(1): 44â83.
5267:
5263:
5253:
5236:
5232:
5226:
5191:
5187:
5181:
5170:. Retrieved
5163:the original
5145:(1): 52â72.
5142:
5138:
5125:
5092:
5088:
5082:
5073:
5064:
5045:
5027:
5021:
4988:
4984:
4974:
4962:. Retrieved
4947:
4937:
4925:. Retrieved
4910:
4900:
4888:. Retrieved
4883:
4874:
4847:
4825:
4820:
4813:
4789:
4782:
4747:
4743:
4733:
4705:
4698:
4670:
4663:
4635:
4628:
4595:
4591:
4581:
4559:(1): 65â92.
4556:
4552:
4542:
4517:
4513:
4503:
4470:
4466:
4456:
4423:
4419:
4409:
4398:. Retrieved
4394:
4384:
4357:
4351:
4331:
4324:
4297:
4291:
4271:
4236:
4232:
4191:
4154:
4148:
4136:. Retrieved
4126:
4099:. Retrieved
4088:
4068:
4049:. Retrieved
4034:
3989:Protectorate
3889:Colonial war
3869:Client state
3731:
3626:
3625:Rest of the
3425:
3381:Turkmenistan
3321:
3314:Central Asia
3280:Saint Helena
3242:), known as
3139:South Africa
3126:
3106:
3053:
3050:in the 1840s
3048:Great Famine
3007:
3005:
2995:
2983:
2968:
2948:
2946:
2935:
2925:
2909:Frantz Fanon
2905:Aimé Césaire
2899:
2892:
2884:
2855:
2846:
2831:Please help
2819:
2779:
2772:
2764:
2755:
2749:'s study of
2731:
2727:
2714:
2699:mercantilism
2669:
2637:
2628:
2620:
2571:
2554:
2551:
2546:Robert Young
2542:
2513:
2489:
2467:
2464:
2456:
2444:
2413:
2405:shipbuilding
2397:
2332:
2309:
2257:
2236:forced labor
2213:
2162:
2108:
2064:Tenochtitlan
2053:
2046:
2043:, 1540â1585)
2038:
2004:
1992:Francophonie
1985:
1981:
1970:
1955:
1952:
1912:
1908:
1885:
1855:
1846:
1831:Please help
1819:
1787:Mesoamerican
1784:
1769:
1747:
1741:
1737:
1728:
1709:
1691:
1676:
1654:Dutch Empire
1568:
1564:
1561:Blackbirding
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1495:
1483:Sierra Leone
1467:
1464:
1457:
1423:
1395:
1387:
1379:abolitionism
1367:exploitation
1352:
1296:
1293:Contemporary
1288:
1264:World War II
1253:
1233:World War II
1230:
1224:
1217:
1214:Nazi Germany
1195:
1175:Grover Clark
1172:
1128:
1122:
1114:20th century
1105:
1066:
1053:
1007:
983:Dutch Empire
980:
953:
931:. After the
926:
848:established
846:Leif Erikson
831:
820:
814:and various
785:
733:
692:Anglo-Indian
685:
667:
659:
635:isolationist
548:South Africa
478:
477:
455:
453:
449:
444:
434:
428:
423:
407:
405:
397:
393:
387:
386:
382:
367:
352:
349:Roman Empire
338:
311:regime types
293:
281:colonization
278:
218:mercantilism
196:
171:of resources
162:
161:
140:
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
13516:Colonialism
13470:Geopolitics
13349:Sovereignty
13329:Imperialism
13242:Colonialism
13227:Appeasement
13142:Warsaw Pact
12972:Rubber boom
12955:New Zealand
12487:Colonialism
12313:Land rights
11994:(1835â1840)
11874:(c. 350 BC)
11864:(c. 375 BC)
11481:Tocqueville
11446:Saint-Simon
11411:Montesquieu
11262:Bolingbroke
11194:Machiavelli
11074:Ibn Khaldun
11039:Alpharabius
11032:Middle Ages
10857:Natural law
10832:Common good
10757:Nationalism
10717:Imperialism
10687:Corporatism
10662:Colonialism
10642:Agrarianism
10621:Technocracy
10601:Meritocracy
10581:Bureaucracy
10571:Aristocracy
10330:colonialism
9817:"Greenland"
8505:, Colonial
7695:(2): 1â20.
7565:(1): 6â18.
7274:LiveScience
7127:www.pbs.org
6982:(in Dutch).
6512:: 164â203.
5995:29 November
5929:12 February
5521:Cambridge:
4725:j.ctt9qh05m
4239:(1): 1â18.
3979:Orientalism
3754:New Zealand
3568:Puerto Rico
3536:El Salvador
3512:White Cuban
3449: 1890
3398:Philippines
3221:Ivory Coast
3060:Han Chinese
3008:colonistics
3002:Colonistics
2953:metaphysics
2921:Lautréamont
2900:Orientalism
2895:Edward SaĂŻd
2657:thrives on
2649:to finance
2520:outer space
2486:in history.
2478:Map of the
2460:J.B. Harley
2432:The Tropics
2401:cartography
2331:, peppers,
2173:Renaissance
2144:. In 1875,
2119:New Zealand
1937:The annual
1766:, 1823â1831
1694:New Zealand
1414:Roman Egypt
1410:Myos Hormos
1371:enslavement
1349:, May 1946.
1198:World War I
1160:concessions
1148:Afghanistan
792:Phoenicians
540:New Zealand
507:immigration
424:colonialism
415:imperialism
359:Definitions
238:biopolitics
226:coloniality
214:World War I
176:imperialist
163:Colonialism
154:factory in
13510:Categories
13424:Liberalism
13369:Friendship
13354:Suzerainty
12942:Oka Crisis
12625:Two-spirit
12350:ecological
12280:Indigenous
12202:Separatism
12010:On Liberty
11910:The Prince
11639:Huntington
11142:Campanella
11069:al-Ghazali
11018:Thucydides
10976:Lactantius
10921:Statolatry
10747:Monarchism
10727:Liberalism
10652:Capitalism
10635:Ideologies
10616:Plutocracy
10564:Government
10520:Revolution
10505:Propaganda
10455:Legitimacy
10430:Government
10223:Ab Imperio
9827:2012-08-23
9774:2012-08-23
9545:2007-11-21
9511:2007-11-15
9456:2010-01-24
9389:"Honduras"
9370:2007-11-26
9316:2008-10-13
9282:2007-11-21
9040:. Source:
8566:2023-05-08
8511:Psychology
8495:7 December
7384:2022-02-12
7314:2019-09-29
7304:archive.fo
7132:2019-09-29
6960:9 November
6424:2016-02-15
6183:2019-09-29
5896:2023-04-13
5891:Al Jazeera
5664:2023-04-01
5499:2021-05-11
5209:1885/27945
5172:2019-04-16
4826:Britannica
4765:2263/71163
4400:2024-03-08
4173:1048081465
4016:References
3704:Portuguese
3684:Martinique
3603:Mennonites
3502:Costa Rica
3444:, Brazil,
3387:Tajikistan
3375:Kyrgyzstan
3367:and other
3361:Uzbekistan
3347:Kazakhstan
3341:Ukrainians
3250:Seychelles
3062:ancestry:
3014:Migrations
2967:. Hegel's
2917:Baudelaire
2849:April 2021
2759:craniology
2743:phrenology
2735:craniology
2711:Adam Smith
2703:free trade
2675:Adam Smith
2655:free trade
2647:capitalism
2640:free trade
2409:navigation
2248:rinderpest
2216:Jörg Baten
2056:Hispaniola
2019:See also:
1962:Portuguese
1957:Pied-Noirs
1949:community.
1849:April 2021
1649:1,552,100
1638:1,600,200
1627:1,665,000
1616:3,646,800
1575:Cape Verde
1383:Indigenous
1254:The word "
1075:, and the
1010:separatism
886:the Levant
844:) such as
738:(1872) by
639:Opium Wars
401:Dictionary
329:See also:
289:metropoles
254:disability
206:modern era
112:April 2021
82:newspapers
13460:Diplomacy
13364:Bilateral
13262:Grey-zone
13215:Coalition
13174:1919â1939
13169:1814â1919
13164:1648â1814
12593:Rancherie
12588:RancherĂa
12563:Bantustan
12504:Biopiracy
12333:in Canada
11920:Leviathan
11900:Monarchia
11894:(c. 1274)
11729:Oakeshott
11674:Mansfield
11669:Luxemburg
11654:Kropotkin
11549:Bernstein
11502:centuries
11416:Nietzsche
11359:Jefferson
11287:Condorcet
11235:centuries
11214:Pufendorf
11079:Marsilius
10966:Confucius
10951:Aristotle
10944:Antiquity
10872:Noble lie
10792:Third Way
10787:Socialism
10712:Feudalism
10667:Communism
10647:Anarchism
10626:Theocracy
10611:Oligarchy
10591:Democracy
10576:Autocracy
10490:Pluralism
10475:Obedience
10440:Hierarchy
10400:Authority
10262:, Mainz:
10243:155635060
10196:, Mainz:
10094:, Mainz:
9628:1405-1435
9055:HK Census
8627:, p. 141.
8560:ChinaFile
8507:Sociology
8503:Economics
8465:. YouGov.
7978:907133189
7910:March 12,
7884:March 12,
7858:March 12,
7834:1448-2940
7760:161167051
7709:145766679
7667:161167051
6572:156822667
6275:cite book
6240:162411962
6178:0040-781X
6151:240567127
6143:1740-3898
6032:166252688
5476:225917190
5441:153821137
5433:1936-6167
5351:130148053
5284:233635930
5218:144872634
5159:147875813
5117:162692337
5005:0003-1224
4866:0003-0554
4774:0013-0133
4612:0036-8075
4573:1941-1383
4534:0002-8282
4487:0003-1224
4440:0020-8833
4316:268789976
4253:0145-5532
4101:8 January
3778:Zoreilles
3744:Australia
3678:Greenland
3614:Venezuela
3556:Nicaragua
3456:Argentina
3442:SĂŁo Paulo
3393:Hong Kong
3244:Canarians
3240:Spaniards
3201:Mauritius
3179:Pied-noir
3111:ancestry
3101:Manchuria
3089:Singapore
2984:The 2014
2979:racialism
2928:discourse
2880:Hong Kong
2820:does not
2713:wrote in
2377:Geography
2246:from the
2179:began in
2138:influenza
2126:Hawaiians
2111:Australia
2096:Old World
2092:New World
2080:1837â1838
2006:from the
1820:does not
1795:gunpowder
1711:apartheid
1491:Singapore
1487:Hong Kong
1212:started.
1156:Abyssinia
978:in 1494.
878:Crusaders
870:Byzantine
866:Amalfians
858:Venetians
808:Phoenicia
782:Antiquity
752:telegraph
740:John Gast
720:Indonesia
714:. In the
620:, c. 1820
574:metropole
520:Australia
516:Argentina
479:The Times
325:Etymology
242:sexuality
234:subaltern
167:of people
13419:Feminism
13272:Idealism
13267:Hegemony
13220:Military
13205:Alliance
13198:Concepts
13184:Cold War
13066:Glossary
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12464:more ...
12318:Language
12175:Centrism
11870:Politics
11860:Republic
11829:Voegelin
11809:Spengler
11794:Shariati
11769:Rothbard
11724:Nussbaum
11624:Habermas
11599:Fukuyama
11589:Foucault
11514:Ambedkar
11491:Voltaire
11461:de Staël
11436:Rousseau
11317:Franklin
11292:Constant
11252:Beccaria
11084:Muhammad
11064:Gelasius
11049:Averroes
11023:Xenophon
11003:Polybius
10956:Chanakya
10801:Concepts
10767:Populism
10737:Localism
10722:Islamism
10707:Feminism
10606:Monarchy
10510:Property
10500:Progress
10465:Monopoly
10435:Hegemony
10142:Resendez
10119:(2006),
9844:Archived
9681:(p. 14).
9675:Archived
9183:(p. 58).
9156:. UAEM.
9058:Archived
8955:BBC News
8886:Archived
8753:BBC News
8734:19474655
8726:17108254
8640:Archived
8540:8 August
8302:Archived
8209:Archived
7614:July 31,
7483:59931797
7419:Archived
7401:Archived
7237:Archived
7219:Archived
7109:18159275
7055:Archived
7011:45038321
6596:Archived
6576:Archived
6100:Archived
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5525:, 2004.
5355:Archived
5245:41575861
5109:40388468
4945:(2005).
4908:(2005).
4850:: 1â14.
4620:32217703
4598:(6485).
3811:See also
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3720:Hispanic
3640:Barbados
3628:Americas
3584:Paraguay
3550:Mestizos
3530:Honduras
3492:Colombia
3365:Russians
3333:Russians
3290:Eswatini
3185:Botswana
3165:Zimbabwe
3109:European
3095:Malaysia
3067:Xinjiang
2965:subjects
2897:'s book
2774:Othering
2769:Othering
2644:monopoly
2516:deep sea
2351:Moluccas
2325:cinnamon
2199:against
2197:vaccines
2185:pandemic
2169:Columbus
2165:syphilis
2158:Hokkaido
2100:immunity
2049:smallpox
1921:and the
1748:de facto
1671:399,000
1660:500,000
1499:de facto
1437:Istanbul
1433:Belgrade
1406:Augustus
1355:diseases
1270:and the
1056:humans.
974:and the
960:Americas
929:Anatolia
898:Dalmatia
882:Outremer
862:Genovese
850:colonies
842:Norsemen
828:Medieval
821:coloniae
802:founded
748:Columbia
708:Kristang
673:mestizos
641:and the
596:and the
511:settlers
419:conquest
285:colonies
199:European
145:entrepĂŽt
13439:Realism
13429:Marxism
13292:Liberal
13210:Entente
13156:History
13084:Present
12724:Taiwan
12699:Russia
12679:Mexico
12669:Canada
12659:Brazil
12526:Redface
12355:medical
12212:Statism
12125:Elitism
12083:Related
11884:(51 BC)
11814:Strauss
11789:Scruton
11784:Schmitt
11774:Russell
11694:Michels
11689:Maurras
11684:Marcuse
11644:Kautsky
11614:Gramsci
11609:Gentile
11579:Dworkin
11569:Du Bois
11564:Dmowski
11559:Chomsky
11554:Burnham
11539:Benoist
11509:Agamben
11476:Thoreau
11466:Stirner
11456:Spencer
11401:Mazzini
11391:Maistre
11386:Madison
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11312:Fourier
11277:Carlyle
11257:Bentham
11247:Bastiat
11242:Bakunin
11219:Spinoza
11209:MĂŒntzer
11179:Leibniz
11152:Grotius
11132:Bossuet
11099:Plethon
11044:Aquinas
11013:Sun Tzu
10981:Mencius
10971:Han Fei
10742:Marxism
10702:Fascism
10535:Society
10460:Liberty
10445:Justice
10425:Freedom
10344:(ed.).
10207:(1941).
10071:(1970)
9999:excerpt
9229:7815439
9220:1050080
8866:Tunisia
8830:Senegal
8610:16 June
8237:May 22,
7732:Bibcode
7639:Bibcode
7567:Bibcode
7442:. 2001.
7100:2094753
7027:(2003).
6769:17 June
6731:17 June
6693:17 June
6096:UN News
5013:2095750
4964:5 April
4927:5 April
4890:5 April
4592:Science
4495:2095750
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4051:5 April
3733:Oceania
3650:Bermuda
3634:Bahamas
3590:Uruguay
3524:Ecuador
3466:Bolivia
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3296:Tunisia
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2841:removed
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2659:exports
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2602:, like
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2555:another
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2090:of the
2072:Measles
2008:Maghreb
1841:removed
1826:sources
1772:phalanx
1723:Antigua
1590:Senegal
1503:de jure
1280:Nigeria
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838:Vikings
763:History
718:(later
696:Burgher
558:, and (
556:Uruguay
456:de jure
345:Colonus
230:othered
204:of the
141:factory
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12825:1989:
12796:bodies
12751:bodies
12643:bodies
12475:Issues
12291:Rights
12074:(1992)
12064:(1971)
12054:(1951)
12044:(1945)
12034:(1944)
12024:(1929)
12014:(1859)
12004:(1848)
11984:(1820)
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11954:(1762)
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11924:(1651)
11914:(1532)
11904:(1313)
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11824:Taylor
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11744:Popper
11739:Pareto
11734:Ortega
11719:Nozick
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11619:Guénon
11604:Gandhi
11544:Berlin
11534:Bauman
11529:Badiou
11519:Arendt
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11297:Cortés
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11224:SuĂĄrez
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11189:Luther
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11094:Ockham
10961:Cicero
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