101:
229:
20:
253:
276:
908:
1183:
337:
designed to ride between the locomotive frames of side-rod locomotives, the first granted in 1913, had open gearing. Later improvements had fully enclosed gears. This was offered as both a single-speed and two-speed transmission, and it was used in four-coupled and six-coupled side-rod locomotives,
124:
and desired maximum speed; the radius of the driving wheels determines this. The radius of the crank affixed to the wheel is of course less than this; its radius determines the length of the piston stroke. This cannot be too large, for the locomotive will be unable to generate enough steam to supply
136:
operations. Steeply graded lines, especially when the track is cheaply built and not suited to high speeds, will also favour the usage of a locomotive with a high tractive effort. Although the trade-off of speed versus torque can be adjusted in favour of torque and tractive effort by reducing the
363:
of Thames, New
Zealand built a number of geared locomotives, often home-grown variants of the Climax A, Climax B or Heisler types. They did however produce a type that is known as the "16-wheeler" (0-4-4-4-4-0) that was also produced by another NZ manufacturer, Johnson Brothers of Invercargill.
327:) after key patents expired. West coast logging customers were clamoring for improvements in detail design and the application of more modern locomotive technology to the geared locomotive; Lima (manufacturers of the Shay) were dragging their heels. The Willamette was the response to that.
863:
that was first restored in 1975. It was severely damaged in the 1985 fire, but restored again between 2000 and 2006 in time for the foundation's 50th anniversary. Restoration has since continued, and "The Big Shay" will begin offering rides to museum patrons the weekend of August 5,
438:, and no doubt elsewhere too, but in most countries they may now be seen only on tourist lines, preservation sites and museums. These locomotives' particular advantage in cane sugar operations is their ability to use the dried solid residue of pressing the cane (see
140:
The solution is to separate the crank from the wheels, firstly allowing for a reasonable piston stroke and crank radius without requiring larger than desired driving wheels, and secondly allowing for reduction in rotational speed via gearing. Such a locomotive is a
731:, operates Climax #6, built in 1920 (builder number 1603), on its tourist line. Clark's also has the last remaining Shay in New England. The Shay is non-operational but in storage. Clark's also has a 32-ton Heisler locomotive that is awaiting staybolt replacement.
764:
state, a 99-ton West Fork
Logging Heisler #91 is operational, a 70-ton Hillcrest Lumber Climax #10 is operational, a 95-ton Pickering Lumber Shay #11 is awaiting boiler work, and a 75-ton Rayonier Company Willamette #2 is operational and is the only Willamette
311:
to several designs mainly with vertical water-tube boilers and high-speed, enclosed, poppet-valve engines. These combined high-pressure boilers with high-reduction gearing to provide high torque at low
153:
The vast majority of geared locomotives in the world were built to one of three distinct designs, whether licensed and official, or clones built after the expiration of key patents. Of the types, the
813:
769:
89:; thus, there is no gearing, one revolution of the driving wheels is equivalent to one revolution of the crank and thus two power strokes per piston (steam locomotives are almost universally
477:'s museum for static display in 1965. Restored to steam by the Puffing Billy Railway in the 1980s. A major overhaul has been finished and it returned to service Sunday 8 September 2013.
350:
were built with 2 4-coupled geared trucks, with the cylinders at the inboard ends and gearboxes outboard. Davenport advertised these locomotives for industrial, quarry and logging use.
264:
have two inclined cylinders driving a transverse crankshaft, geared to a longitudinal driveshaft placed centrally on the locomotive and driving the powered trucks via internal gearing.
753:, has a two-truck Heisler (#9) lovingly restored on static display inside the main exhibit hall. The Heisler is painted for the Campbell Limestone Co and is in excellent condition.
65:
Unlike conventional steam locomotives, they are not classified by their wheel arrangement. Instead, they are classified by their model and the number of trucks they have.
132:
Many industrial applications require a low speed locomotive with ample starting tractive effort. These industries range from mining and quarry operations to forestry and
408:
used different ends of the same cylinders for steam or diesel propulsion. The crank was above the frame and a gear train of fixed reduction linked it to the centre axle.
240:
features an offset boiler with a multiple-cylinder engine affixed to it on the opposite side, driving a longitudinal shaft geared to the axles via bevel gears (see also
137:
size of the driving wheels, there is a practical limit below which this cannot be done without making the piston stroke too short on a directly-driven locomotive.
354:
267:
There was also an earlier Class A Climax with a vertically mounted marine-type steam engine, working through a similar drive-line, via a two-speed gearbox.
216:
used gear ratios on the order of 2:1 so that each turn of the crankshaft caused about two turns of the driving axles. This allowed use of relatively small
519:. Shays - Lima shop numbers 2475 (display) and 3147 (out of service pending boiler work). Climax shop numbers 1057 (display) and 1359 (operational).
481:
709:
508:
has an operational 50 short tons (45 long tons; 45 t) class B Shay
Locomotive, that is in operation Sundays and Wednesdays in July and August.
291:' style steam engine, one cylinder each side of the boiler, affixed to a centrally located longitudinal driveshaft, again geared to the wheels.
58:
locomotive along the rack between the rails. The geared steam locomotives that have been built have been for conventional track, relying on the
1153:
532:
locomotives that use an articulation technique incorporating a geared drive to the outer-most axles, the inner pair being direct-drive.
678:
662:
652:
512:
885:
469:
east of
Melbourne. After decommissioning the locomotive in the early 1950s it was stored (abandoned) at the State Sawmill site at
100:
926:
411:
In 1899, the Wiener
Lokomotivfabrik, Floridsdorf, Austria produced the narrow gauge geared steam cog locomotives operated on the
357:
sold a line of small industrial locomotives based on modular, fully enclosed 2-cylinder "steam motors" geared to the drive axles.
780:
849:
642:
501:
431:
With the decline of the commercial use of steam traction, the commercial use of geared locomotives has similarly reduced.
701:
uses only geared locomotives, and features the largest remaining and last Shay locomotive ever built, the 162-ton former
605:
1260:
689:
No geared steam locomotives remain in commercial use in
America. However, several are in operation on tourist lines.
921:
720:
694:
320:
116:
The maximum rotational speed is fairly fixed for a given engine technology. Given the lack of any variable-ratio
179:
821:
628:
442:) as a fuel of trivial cost, providing that low cost technical labor is available to maintain the locomotives.
405:
105:
757:
609:
1089:, No. 7, (May, 1924); page 189. The same ad appears on page 189 of the July, Aug., Sept., and Oct. Issues.
802:
892:. Sixteen of the original 22 have been preserved, with 3 in operational condition and 1 preserved on the
145:. Most were and are still single speed, but some did employ a variable-ratio gearbox and multiple ratios.
746:
624:
About 30 Sentinels and a few
Aveling & Porters have been preserved. A few examples are shown below:
462:
213:
330:
94:
1161:
1265:
838:
702:
516:
117:
705:#6. The railroad also owns a Climax locomotive and a Heisler, enabling all three types to be seen.
125:
those large cylinders at speed; it cannot be too small, or the available starting torque and thus
1127:
791:
724:
542:
394:
50:
This gearing is part of the machinery within the locomotive and should not be confused with the
1230:
874:
817:
728:
397:
produced a small number of narrow gauge geared steam locomotives for sugar cane plantations in
347:
200:
120:
between the piston engine and the wheels, the designer is forced to compromise between desired
90:
1140:
1086:
1058:
716:, has several operational Shays, a seldom-operated Heisler, and a Climax awaiting restoration.
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304:
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734:
A 65-ton 1922 Lima locomotive with three-truck Shay design is on static display at the
713:
371:
365:
284:
178:
These were not the first locomotives to use geared transmission. Richard
Trevithick's
806:
261:
82:
465:
in 1928 for hauling logs on the Tyers Valley timber tramway which branched off the
418:
Vertical boilered "coffee-pot" locomotives were often geared, though those made by
412:
74:
59:
36:
889:
860:
834:
Shay (Lima
Locomotive Works shop #3118) operational. Not available to the public.
750:
505:
470:
398:
375:
237:
155:
126:
24:
319:
was an improved-upon clone of the Shay locomotive produced in limited number by
159:
was the most numerous and best known. The overwhelming majority operated on the
360:
299:
Besides the three main designs mentioned, there were other designs and clones:
217:
40:
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913:
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343:
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86:
677:
2-2-0WT Blue Circle has changed ownership many times. Last known location -
434:
Some geared steam locomotives are still at work in the sugar plantations of
931:
528:
Wide variety of types still in use at sugar mills. Most are long wheelbase
241:
228:
191:
55:
19:
969:
936:
739:
252:
172:
129:
will be too small, and the locomotive will not be able to start a train.
112:(partially visible under a cover), which transferred power to the wheel.
339:
195:
187:
109:
44:
387:
435:
419:
168:
881:
operated 22 Shay locomotives in the past, with the oldest dating to
589:
Te
Awamutu "Climax, makers no. 1317 (under static restoration 2014)
1061:, Keystone Consolidated Publishing Co., Pittsburgh, 1922; page 347.
383:
308:
183:
613:
575:
Price E 111 (Class B Climax clone, under static restoration 2014)
439:
334:
133:
275:
878:
563:
Heisler, makers no. 1063 (parts only. Engine unit and 2 bogies)
529:
485:
379:
121:
78:
51:
1245:
108:(seen towards the right of the photo) transferred power to a
1057:
Davenport Locomotive Works, Rod and Gear-Drive Locomotives,
997:
Elmer F. Backer, Truck for Articulated Geared Locomotive,
907:
572:
Price Cb 117 (Class A Climax clone, restored, operational)
368:, built 3 years after the last American Heisler was built.
957:
The Early Motive Power of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
1059:
The Mining Catalog (Metal and Quarry Edition), 2nd issue
552:
Climax, makers no.1203 (out of service pending overhaul)
374:
built a few geared locomotives which were, essentially,
1141:
The Locomotive Magazine and Railway and Carriage Review
1139:
The Bell Industrial Locomotive with Oil-Fired Boiler,
845:. Shay (Lima Locomotive Works shop #3199) operational.
163:
region, but with a number in use in various parts of
903:
279:
A Heisler locomotive — note cylinder location
47:, as opposed to the common directly driven design.
16:
Steam railway locomotive with a geared transmission
27:is among the most popular geared steam locomotives
970:"LNER Encyclopedia article on Sentinel class Y10"
1252:
1143:, Vol XXVIII, No. 358 (June 15, 1922); page 162.
710:Roaring Camp and Big Trees Narrow Gauge Railroad
569:Climax, makers no. 1650 (under restoration 2014)
599:Price Cb 113 (Class A Climax clone, restored)
148:
566:Heisler, makers no. 1082 (awaiting overhaul)
68:
1085:Davenport Locomotive Works, Advertisement,
401:. These were similar in design to Heislers.
1098:Contractors Light Oil-Burning Locomotive,
679:Rushden, Higham and Wellingborough Railway
663:Rushden, Higham and Wellingborough Railway
342:input to the gearbox just behind the rear
776:. Heisler shop number 1260 in operation.
593:"Ferrymead Heritage Park", Christchurch:
270:
787:. Climax shop number 1059 in operation.
653:Northamptonshire Ironstone Railway Trust
583:Price V 148 (Heisler clone, operational)
513:British Columbia Forest Discovery Centre
488:, although it has not yet been restored.
274:
251:
247:
227:
99:
18:
927:Glossary of steam locomotive components
859:in Hesston, Indiana has an operational
781:Durbin & Greenbrier Valley Railroad
1253:
814:Foster Brook & State Line Railroad
461:Class B Climax 1694. Purchased by the
223:
982:Lorin W. Barger, Articulated Engine,
850:Yosemite Mountain Sugar Pine Railroad
643:Embsay and Bolton Abbey Steam Railway
612:, unrestored G & D Davidson 1913
596:Heisler, makers no. 1450 (unrestored)
549:Heisler, makers no. 1494 (unrestored)
1231:Good Roads Construction Co. No. 3118
1070:Lorin W. Barger, Steam Pipe System,
1042:Elmer F. Backer, Geared Locomotive,
1027:Elmer F. Backer, Geared Locomotive,
1012:Elmer F. Backer, Geared Locomotive,
770:Silver Creek and Stephenson Railroad
502:Canada Science and Technology Museum
480:Lima-built Shay locomotive from the
798:. Heisler shop #1306 in operation.
386:chain drive but later versions had
13:
1158:Puffing Billy Preservation Society
809:. Heisler shop #1198 in operation.
232:Class C Shay (three driven trucks)
175:, including home-developed types.
14:
1282:
1246:The Geared Steam Locomotive Works
1239:
619:
212:(1842) locomotives built for the
1102:, No. 1 (Jan. 2, 1913); page 40.
906:
684:
364:Price's last steam engine was a
104:A wheel on a Shay locomotive. A
77:, as commonly employed, has its
1224:
1200:
1176:
1146:
1133:
1120:
1105:
1092:
1079:
922:Cass Scenic Railroad State Park
721:White Mountain Central Railroad
695:Cass Scenic Railroad State Park
1184:"9 State Hwy 7, Arnold Valley"
1064:
1051:
1036:
1021:
1006:
991:
976:
962:
949:
629:Buckinghamshire Railway Centre
535:
323:(better known for their steam
294:
1:
1100:Municipal Journal, Vol. XXXIV
942:
758:Mount Rainier Scenic Railroad
580:"Steam Scene", Christchurch:
382:wheels. The early ones used
333:held a series of patents for
182:used a large gear instead of
1111:Harvey W. Bell, Locomotive,
803:Oregon Coast Scenic Railroad
523:
473:until it was transferred to
445:
39:which uses gearing, usually
7:
899:
747:Southeastern Railway Museum
463:Forests Commission Victoria
321:Willamette Iron & Steel
220:without sacrificing speed.
214:Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
93:, unlike the more familiar
10:
1287:
1154:"Climax 1694 steams again"
852:in Sugar Pine, California.
331:Davenport Locomotive Works
149:Types of geared locomotive
95:internal combustion engine
1130:, Feb. 15, 1916; page 46.
868:
634:two Aveling & Porters
494:
256:Class C Climax locomotive
69:Explanation and rationale
62:between wheels and rail.
1261:Geared steam locomotives
1048:, Granted Nov. 22, 1921.
1033:, Granted Feb. 22, 1921.
1018:, Granted Nov. 30, 1920.
959:; see chapters I and IV.
839:Georgetown Loop Railroad
703:Western Maryland Railway
667:One Aveling & Porter
517:Duncan, British Columbia
426:
180:Coalbrookdale Locomotive
1208:"The Davidson Survivor"
1117:, Issued Jan. 13, 1914.
1087:The Timberman, Vol. XXV
1003:, Granted Oct. 9, 1917.
792:Sumpter Valley Railroad
406:Kitson-Still locomotive
395:Avonside Engine Company
348:articulated locomotives
33:geared steam locomotive
1076:, Granted Feb 4, 1919.
988:, Granted May 6, 1913.
875:Alishan Forest Railway
818:Bradford, Pennsylvania
729:Lincoln, New Hampshire
307:built numerous geared
280:
271:The Heisler locomotive
257:
233:
113:
28:
1126:New Bell Locomotive,
1114:U.S. patent 1,084,388
1073:U.S. patent 1,292,990
1045:U.S. patent 1,397,716
1030:U.S. patent 1,369,212
1015:U.S. patent 1,360,709
1000:U.S. patent 1,242,308
985:U.S. patent 1,060,883
894:Puffing Billy Railway
785:Durbin, West Virginia
452:Puffing Billy Railway
355:Bell Locomotive Works
317:Willamette locomotive
305:Sentinel Waggon Works
278:
255:
248:The Climax locomotive
231:
167:and a fair number in
103:
81:directly attached to
22:
857:Hesston Steam Museum
843:Georgetown, Colorado
725:Clark's Trading Post
675:Aveling & Porter
467:Moe-Walhalla railway
309:shunting locomotives
738:open-air museum in
456:Victoria, Australia
361:A & G Price Ltd
224:The Shay locomotive
888:2016-04-17 at the
796:Baker City, Oregon
774:Freeport, Illinois
714:Felton, California
372:Aveling and Porter
366:Heisler locomotive
285:Heisler locomotive
281:
262:Climax locomotives
258:
234:
114:
29:
955:J. Snowden Bell,
807:Garibaldi, Oregon
604:Mawhera Reserve,
558:The Pukemiro Line
194:, with a net 1:1
143:geared locomotive
41:reduction gearing
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1212:www.trainweb.org
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75:steam locomotive
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506:Ottawa, Ontario
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165:South America
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48:
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42:
38:
35:is a type of
34:
26:
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1271:Shaft drives
1226:
1215:. Retrieved
1211:
1202:
1191:. Retrieved
1187:
1178:
1166:. Retrieved
1162:the original
1157:
1148:
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1122:
1107:
1094:
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1053:
1038:
1023:
1008:
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964:
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932:Steam donkey
872:
832:narrow gauge
688:
672:
647:one Sentinel
623:
588:
560:, Pukemiro:
557:
541:
527:
433:
430:
298:
282:
266:
259:
242:Ephraim Shay
235:
209:
205:
199:
186:to link the
177:
154:
152:
142:
139:
131:
118:transmission
115:
72:
64:
49:
32:
30:
1188:Google Maps
937:Steam motor
828:610 mm
740:Los Angeles
736:Travel Town
536:New Zealand
295:Other types
208:(1837) and
201:Grasshopper
173:New Zealand
1255:Categories
1217:2022-09-15
1193:2022-09-15
943:References
765:operating.
762:Washington
543:Shantytown
388:spur gears
340:crankshaft
210:Mud Digger
196:gear ratio
188:crankshaft
110:bevel gear
45:drivetrain
823:2 ft
608:, beside
606:Red Jacks
524:Indonesia
446:Australia
436:Indonesia
422:were not.
420:De Winton
346:. Larger
338:with the
335:gearboxes
184:side rods
169:Australia
43:, in the
900:See also
886:Archived
384:sprocket
204:(1832),
60:adhesion
1168:24 June
756:At the
614:0-4-4-0
440:bagasse
380:flanged
312:speeds.
287:has a '
190:to the
134:logging
85:on the
79:pistons
879:Taiwan
869:Taiwan
530:0-10-0
495:Canada
486:Taiwan
344:driver
289:V-twin
122:torque
83:cranks
52:pinion
864:2023.
471:Erica
427:Today
399:Natal
378:with
106:shaft
1170:2014
883:1910
873:The
855:The
848:The
837:The
812:The
801:The
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768:The
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315:The
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283:The
236:The
206:Crab
171:and
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56:rack
25:Shay
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877:in
841:in
816:in
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772:in
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