1232:
487:. Closely resembling the general Australian accent, the variety was based on the acoustic phonetic characteristics in the speech of young, Lebanese Australian male university students in Sydney, who speak English as their first language and also use vernacular Arabic. Compared to the standard Australian English, the students had minor vowel motion differences with striking voicing and related timing effects.
328:), and further, showed a greater tendency to exhibit pervasive nasality. Diphthongs are usually pronounced longer as well. Along the East Coast, there is an approximate correlation between latitude and accent, being the further north one is, the more nasal/broad the accent. Nasality is already evident at the
414:
Australian
Aboriginal English refers to a dialect of Australian English used by a large proportion of Indigenous Australians. It is made up of a range of forms which developed differently in different parts of Australia, and are said to vary along a continuum, from forms close to Standard Australian
367:
honesty, and status. In comparison, Broad
Australian English speakers are rated higher in terms of humorousness and talkativity, similar to what was found in a study in 1975 comparing regional British accents to RP (Received Pronunciation). Cultivated Australian English also has some similarities to
443:
groups, which are of non-English speaking background. A massive immigration from Asia has made a large increase in diversity and the will for people to show their cultural identity within the
Australian context. These ethnocultural varieties contain features of General Australian English as adopted
455:
From the 1960s and 1970s, major cities such as Sydney and
Melbourne received large numbers of immigrants from Southern Europe and the Middle East (Italians, Greeks, Lebanese, Maltese, Croats, Macedonians, Turks etc.); the second generation of these immigrants can also have a distinct accent, in a
366:
Cultivated
Australian English has in the past been perceived as indicating high social class or education. Additionally, a study in 1989 reported that Cultivated Australian English speakers were being rated higher than Broad Australian English speakers in intelligence, competence, reliability,
671:), is used to denote following a team or club. Barrack has its origins in British English, although in the UK it now usually means to jeer or denigrate an opposing team or players. The expression "root (or rooting) for a team", as used in the United States, is not generally used in Australia (
575:
dominates. What is referred to by schoolchildren as a bag in most parts of
Australia is known as a "port" by some Queenslanders. Further, the processed meat known as "devon" on the East Coast is known as "polony" on the West Coast, while in Central Australia (South Australia and the Northern
498:" has a use similar to mate (meaning friend), but can also be a pejorative word for males who assert themselves aggressively - a type of person obsessed with grabbing girls' attention, "hotted-up" (meaning modified or hot-rodded) cars and loud music.
649:
has been traditionally associated with either
Australian rules football (Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania, Northern Territory) or rugby league football (New South Wales, Queensland). Prominent examples in popular culture are
579:
Tasmanian
English features numerous deviations from mainland vocabulary, including "cordial" to refer to carbonated soft drink. Tasmanian vocabulary also retains words from historic English dialects that have otherwise gone extinct - such as
642:, depending on the major code of the state, remains the standard usage in Australia. In all places, the specific name or nickname of the code ("soccer", "league", "union" or "Aussie rules") can often be heard used for disambiguation.
510:
Although relatively homogeneous, some regional variations in
Australian English are notable. The dialects of English spoken in the eastern states, where the majority of the population lives, differ somewhat to those spoken in
527:, spoken by the inhabitants of the Torres Strait Islands. Torres Strait English, as distinct from Torres Strait Creole, developed separately to, but has been significantly influenced by, General Australian English.
530:
The regional varieties of
English can be distinguished in terms of vocabulary and phonology. With each local dialect taking words from various sources such as British, Irish and American English as well as local
375:
as well. In recent generations, it has fallen sharply in usage. However, the cultivated usages of in "face" and "price" have been integrated into the speech of some of the speakers of General Australian. for
1233:
270:
Broad Australian English is recognisable and familiar to English speakers around the world. It is prevalent nationwide but is especially common in rural areas. Examples of people with this accent include
1675:
1393:'Perhaps I should start by saying that with my broad Australian accent, even the English speakers in the room may want to access the translation to make sure they're understanding my words,' joked.
535:, it is in vocabulary where regional varieties are most distinct from each other. Regional phonological features may be inherited due to differing settlement patterns or may have developed locally.
1239:. For some older Victorian speakers, the words "celery" and "salary" also sound the same but instead both sound like "celery". These speakers will also pronounce words such as "alps" as "elps".
1783:
1145:
are typically realised as full diphthongs, or and or respectively, whereas in the eastern states they may also be realised as monophthongs (without jaw movement), and respectively.
835:) in these words, particularly in South Australia, which had a different settlement chronology and type from other parts of the country.. In parts of Victoria and South Australia,
267:. They are part of a continuum, reflecting variations in accent. They can, but do not always, reflect the social class, education and urban or rural background of the speaker.
415:
English to more non-standard forms. There are distinctive features of accent, grammar, words and meanings, as well as language use. The dialect is not to be confused with
1221:
490:
Other Middle Eastern Australians too, particularly in the Sydney area (in the 2006 census, 72.8% of Lebanese-Australians lived in Sydney) have a similar dialect. Among
74:
English. The major varieties of Australian English are sociocultural rather than regional. They are divided into 3 main categories: general, broad and cultivated.
548:
1434:
630:), has promoted the use of "football" in place of "soccer". Several media outlets have adopted this use, while others have stuck with "soccer". However, use of
1224:
the same, so that both words sound like "salary". These speakers will also tend to say "halicopter" instead of "helicopter", and pronounce their capital city (
1169:
occurs at the ends of words before pauses and before other consonants, the consonantal articulation can be obscured by the vowel articulation. This makes the
3236:
81:. Differing significantly from English, these are not considered dialects of English; rather, they are considered separate languages. Notable examples are
3176:
772:
712:
591:
Many regional variations are due to Australians' passion for sport and the differences in non-linguistic traditions from one state to another: the word
1376:
55:
1406:
2070:
483:
Lebanese Australian English (LAusE) has been prescribed as a new dialect of Australian English. It is generally spoken by Australian speakers of
1157:
occurs at the ends of words before pauses and before consonants it sometimes sounds like a vowel sound rather than a consonant. This is because
1663:
1348:
1475:
3271:
2244:
1423:
Gillard had her broad Australian accent — something that served former prime ministers like Bob Hawke and John Howard particularly well
547:
from one area to another. In the 2000s, however, the range of glass sizes in actual use has been greatly reduced. In New South Wales,
339:
General Australian English is the most common of Australian accents. It is especially prominent in urban Australia and is used as a
419:, which is not mutually intelligible with Australian English but in fact a separate language spoken by over 30,000 people. On the
3377:
1946:
1918:
3321:
3106:
101:, which developed in and around the Sydney region in the days of early settlement, and now exists only in rural areas of the
3341:
2414:
2299:
1884:
1274:
584:(fog), nointer (a mischievous child), and yaffler (a loud mouthed, obnoxious person), derived from an archaic word for the
1961:
1505:
1220:
in a way that is distinct from speakers in other states. Many younger speakers from Victoria pronounce the first vowel in
1165:. One of the articulations is like a vowel articulation and the other is more like a typical consonant articulation. When
2822:
1902:
1639:
2927:
1550:
1313:
17:
2182:
2144:
Bryant, Pauline (1991). "A survey of regional usage in the lexicon of Australian English". In Suzanne Romaine (ed.).
2105:
Bernard, J. R. (1989). "Regional variation in Australian English: a survey". In Peter Collins and David Blair (ed.).
544:
2114:
Bradley, David (1989). "Regional dialects in Australian English phonology". In Peter Collins and David Blair (ed.).
2726:
588:. The Norfolk dialect word "rummum" (strange, odd person) has become "rum'un" (a scallywag, eccentric character).
2770:
1334:
711:
Australian English has adopted and adapted words from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages, often for
652:
532:
37:
3291:
2731:
2237:
1697:
595:
refers to the most popular code of football in different States or regions, or even ethnic groups within them.
78:
3331:
3024:
2986:
1264:
627:
409:
1978:
3326:
2979:
2799:
2616:
2437:
1666:
Australian Linguistic Society Annual Conference - Brisbane. Felicity Cox, Sallyanne Palethorpe. 9 July 2006
1269:
1244:
1217:
1213:
1201:
1197:
1181:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1158:
1154:
892:
884:
876:
872:
848:
828:
820:
796:
792:
788:
784:
776:
765:
761:
381:
301:
297:
236:
218:
200:
182:
164:
146:
51:
47:
3372:
2702:
2692:
2290:
2257:
2253:
456:
similar fashion to the east coast of the United States with descendants of European migrants having the "
3286:
3001:
2859:
2270:
2078:
1134:
520:
2222:
1810:
3266:
2792:
2750:
2721:
2653:
2621:
2230:
1613:
1353:
635:
600:
416:
1446:
2991:
2945:
2844:
2817:
2782:
2677:
2548:
1189:
700:. Tasmania sometime uses the terms Chigger and Ravo, derived from the low-socioeconomic suburbs of
657:
512:
463:
Chinese-Australian English has the all-purpose exclamation "aiyah!"/"aiyoh!" (what a shame! - from
3203:
3036:
2854:
2829:
3118:
3096:
2900:
2597:
2566:
2444:
2153:
1569:
1542:
1162:
568:
368:
33:
3014:
2022:
1756:
1691:
3316:
3101:
2996:
2709:
2643:
2397:
2387:
2382:
1591:
576:
Territory), the term "fritz" is used. Tasmania uses the term "belgium" for the same product.
524:
424:
420:
86:
3309:
2201:
Ramson, W. S. (1989). "Regionalism in Australian English: the value of newspaper evidence".
2145:
1534:
439:
The ethnocultural dialects are diverse accents in Australian English that are spoken by the
2738:
2631:
2571:
2449:
2422:
2339:
2044:
2000:
1678:
705:
696:
in Queensland. These variations, however, have almost completely been replaced by the term
596:
484:
444:
by the children of immigrants blended with some non-English language features, such as the
428:
372:
82:
871:, shows the percentage of speakers from different capital cities who pronounce words with
8:
3336:
3166:
3158:
3056:
3019:
2905:
2890:
2765:
2755:
2682:
2521:
3226:
3193:
3128:
3111:
2966:
2787:
2334:
2324:
1259:
701:
676:
468:
102:
63:
1730:
Exploring Tasmania's place in Australian English regional variation through diphthongs
3231:
3216:
3188:
3148:
2940:
2877:
2626:
2402:
2366:
2178:
2146:
1546:
1535:
581:
464:
340:
2922:
1757:"Tasmanian slang and terminology - ABC (none) - Australian Broadcasting Corporation"
3351:
3304:
3256:
3183:
3091:
3081:
3076:
3066:
2912:
2885:
2743:
2663:
2608:
2506:
2488:
2475:
2312:
2307:
2210:
2132:
1943:
1922:
1733:
1701:
585:
98:
71:
3221:
3123:
3061:
3031:
2839:
2714:
2535:
2511:
2483:
2454:
2427:
2392:
2279:
1950:
1906:
1888:
748:
631:
491:
449:
356:
329:
90:
67:
2123:
Bryant, Pauline (1985). "Regional variation in the Australian English lexicon".
1881:
771:
There exists significant regional variation in terms of the extent to which the
3296:
3211:
3171:
3071:
2895:
2648:
2553:
2543:
2459:
2261:
1868:
1185:
440:
397:
385:
312:. Tests indicated that the Broad speakers demonstrated a greater tendency for
94:
2214:
2136:
255:
Three main varieties of Australian English are spoken according to linguists:
3366:
3346:
3261:
2917:
2834:
2775:
2687:
2638:
2516:
2498:
2170:
1899:
1294:
457:
393:
321:
280:
2849:
2697:
2576:
1706:
1314:"Robert Mannell, "Impressionistic Studies of Australian English Phonetics""
744:
639:
612:
445:
389:
352:
344:
320:, were more likely to use weak consonants or restricted intonation (narrow
1836:
1784:"Tasmania's play on words makes it to the Australian National Dictionary"
616:
564:
343:
for Australian films, television programs and advertising. It is used by
288:
272:
1850:
1407:"The sound of a voice in power: Bob Carr's reflections on Julia Gillard"
2760:
2252:
1737:
1250:
The vowel in words like "pool", "school" and "fool" varies regionally.
736:
732:
720:
683:
348:
333:
276:
626:
From 2004, the national governing body for Association football, (the
2317:
1225:
913:
494:, words such as "shoo" (what's up) and "yallah" (let's go/goodbye). "
360:
284:
682:
There are many regional variations for describing social classes or
2344:
1979:"Australian English Transcription Practice Exercises – Orthography"
928:
918:
728:
716:
516:
472:
313:
43:
384:
is variable. Speakers with a Cultivated Australian accent include
3281:
3276:
3086:
2432:
2359:
2354:
2069:
Loakes, Debbie; Hajek, John; Fletcher, Janet (23 November 2010).
740:
724:
380:
is also within the General Australian range, as the ongliding of
317:
403:
2349:
2329:
1976:
923:
908:
747:). A notable borrowing is "hard yakka" meaning hard work (from
293:
1965:
1200:, leading to the pronunciation , whereas in other states the
688:
495:
325:
309:
1664:
Some phonetic characteristics of Lebanese Australian English
1506:"Evolution of Australian accent | interactive website"
611:; New South Wales people and Queenslanders start a game of
113:
1962:"It's rooted: Aussie terms that foreigners just won't get"
1476:"Struth! Someone's nicked me Strine – Sushi Das – Opinion"
89:, Northern Cape York and South-Western Coastal Papua; the
2194:
Variation in Australian English: The Sociolects of Sydney
308:), and a speaker of the dialect may be referred to as an
2177:(1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2163:
Regional variation in the lexicon of Australian English
1693:
Regional Variation in the Lexicon of Australian English
1337:
Edition 34, 2007 (23 August 2007) – The Macquarie Globe
1614:"Australian English defined | Australian Voices"
1301:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 597
502:
is also used, meaning "I swear to God" or "Really!"
499:
471:) and sometimes will end sentences with "lah" (from
42:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2118:. University of Queensland Press. pp. 260–270.
2109:. University of Queensland Press. pp. 255–259.
2068:
2175:The Cambridge encyclopedia of the English language
1751:
1749:
1747:
1732:(Honours thesis). Australian National University.
1541:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp.
1196:, for example, in South Australia has a vocalised
571:area this can vary. In most other areas, the term
1977:Felicity Cox and Robert Mannell (9 August 2009).
1499:
1497:
291:. In Australia, this dialect is sometimes called
3364:
1349:"Accent on politicians' speech misses the point"
56:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
1744:
1570:"ethnocultural voices | Australian Voices"
2023:"audio illustrations | Australian Voices"
1637:
1494:
1311:
478:
2238:
2165:(PhD thesis). Australian National University.
1727:
1676:Ethnocultural varieties of Australian English
1592:"Australian English | Australian Voices"
1564:
1562:
404:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander English
66:is relatively homogeneous when compared with
2596:
1503:
1470:
1468:
1346:
656:s; also FootyTAB, a betting wing of the NSW
2001:"regional accents | Australian Voices"
1659:
1657:
119:Variation in Australian closing diphthongs
3272:Comparison of American and British English
2245:
2231:
1559:
434:
324:range), were more likely to speak slowly (
108:
1705:
1465:
1404:
623:, as do soccer players across Australia.
2965:
1839:. Foxsports.news.com.au. 7 October 2015.
1654:
1633:
1631:
1532:
1377:"Julia Gillard: How broad is my accent?"
114:Broad, general and cultivated Australian
2191:
2169:
2152:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
2113:
2104:
2077:. Private Media Pty Ltd. Archived from
1728:Powell-Davies, Thomas Johannes (2022).
1374:
868:
14:
3365:
2200:
2160:
2143:
2122:
1689:
1640:"It's our own strain of strine, habib"
2226:
1808:
1628:
1528:
1526:
1375:Madigan, Michael (24 November 2010).
1335:Australia's unique and evolving sound
1293:
1212:In Victoria, many speakers pronounce
505:
3342:Non-native pronunciations of English
1275:Regional accents of English speakers
46:. For the distinction between ,
1811:"Tasmanian Words – a lingua franca"
1137:, the centring diphthong vowels in
775:has taken hold particularly before
708:, though bogan is also understood.
24:
1809:Moore, Bruce (23 September 2007).
1690:Bryant, Pauline (24 August 1992).
1523:
1405:Priestley, Angela (9 April 2014).
819:, the majority of Australians use
427:, the furthest extent of which is
25:
3389:
2203:Australian Journal of Linguistics
2125:Australian Journal of Linguistics
1616:. Clas.mq.edu.au. 25 October 2009
1347:Lauren Gawne (29 November 2011).
1312:Robert Mannell (14 August 2009).
423:, a distinctive dialect known as
77:There are a number of Australian
1921:. Thewest.com.au. Archived from
1504:Amy Corderoy (26 January 2010).
93:, spoken by some inhabitants of
2097:
2062:
2037:
2015:
1993:
1970:
1955:
1937:
1911:
1893:
1875:
1861:
1843:
1829:
1802:
1781:
1775:
1721:
1683:
1669:
1638:Harriet Vietch (9 March 2009).
1606:
1584:
727:) or the names of animals (eg:
667:(or the accompanying noun form
663:For many Australians, the verb
38:International Phonetic Alphabet
3292:English-based creole languages
2025:. Clas.mq.edu.au. 29 July 2010
1698:Australian National University
1594:. Clas.mq.edu.au. 30 July 2010
1572:. Clas.mq.edu.au. 29 July 2010
1447:"The Different Aussie Accents"
1439:
1428:
1398:
1368:
1340:
1328:
1305:
1287:
1204:is pronounced as a consonant.
563:. In border areas such as the
79:English-based creole languages
13:
1:
3378:Language varieties and styles
3332:List of English-based pidgins
2196:. Cambridge University Press.
1280:
1265:Australian English vocabulary
628:Football Federation Australia
607:, Western Australians with a
543:There are differences in the
538:
523:. Another notable dialect is
410:Australian Aboriginal English
3327:Linguistic purism in English
1537:Introducing Sociolinguistics
1270:Australian English phonology
867:. The table below, based on
754:
7:
2428:London & Thames Estuary
1966:http://www.traveller.com.au
1451:theaussieenglishpodcast.com
1253:
1192:than that of other states.
1161:is made with two different
479:Lebanese Australian English
316:assimilation and consonant
304:, a shortening of the word
279:and former prime ministers
10:
3394:
3287:English as a lingua franca
1435:Australian National Museum
1135:Western Australian English
1104:Ave. over all seven words
559:and, in Queensland, it is
407:
396:and former prime minister
3267:Broad and general accents
3249:
3202:
3177:regional and occupational
3157:
3144:
3137:
3049:
3010:
2958:
2936:
2876:
2808:
2673:
2662:
2607:
2589:
2562:
2534:
2497:
2474:
2413:
2375:
2298:
2289:
2278:
2269:
2215:10.1080/07268608908599412
2192:Horvath, Barbara (1985).
2137:10.1080/07268608508599336
1855:The Sydney Morning Herald
1533:Mesthrie, Rajend (2009).
1510:The Sydney Morning Herald
1354:The Sydney Morning Herald
934:Ave. over all five cities
692:is also referred to as a
601:Australian rules football
417:Australian Kriol language
129:
126:
123:
2161:Bryant, Pauline (1992).
1190:South Australian English
1949:2 February 2007 at the
1905:5 December 2006 at the
1887:5 December 2006 at the
1851:"Sydney Morning Herald"
1642:. Sydney Morning Herald
779:(especially the suffix
435:Ethnocultural varieties
109:Sociocultural variation
34:phonetic transcriptions
2445:Received Pronunciation
2071:"Walcome to Malbourne"
1707:10.25911/5d7a2638eeaaf
1180:The tendency for some
827:). Some, however, use
751:"yaga" meaning work).
369:Received Pronunciation
31:This article contains
2639:Multicultural Toronto
2148:Language in Australia
1222:"celery" and "salary"
847:. Also, some may use
545:names of beer glasses
525:Torres Strait English
425:Torres Strait English
421:Torres Strait Islands
130:Phonetic realization
87:Torres Strait Islands
2800:Western Pennsylvania
2049:Macquarie University
1679:Macquarie University
1208:Salary–celery merger
533:Aboriginal languages
429:Torres Strait Creole
373:Transatlantic accent
83:Torres Strait Creole
3337:Mid-Atlantic accent
2928:Trinidad and Tobago
2081:on 17 November 2015
1857:. 23 December 2012.
1129:Centring diphthongs
899:
636:Australian football
632:the word "football"
120:
3373:Australian English
2860:Pennsylvania Dutch
2116:Australian English
2107:Australian English
2045:"Regional accents"
1815:tasmaniantimes.com
1738:10.25911/W8W9-0952
1299:Accents of English
1260:Australian English
1188:is more common in
882:
760:Variation between
739:) and plants (eg:
677:sexual intercourse
506:Regional variation
118:
103:Northern Territory
64:Australian English
18:General Australian
3360:
3359:
3245:
3244:
3045:
3044:
2954:
2953:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2793:Pacific Northwest
2654:Standard Canadian
2585:
2584:
2530:
2529:
2470:
2469:
1919:"West Australian"
1869:"Daily Telegraph"
1817:. Tasmanian Times
1482:. 28 January 2005
1453:. 5 February 2017
1126:
1125:
521:Western Australia
341:standard language
253:
252:
16:(Redirected from
3385:
3257:English language
3142:
3141:
2963:
2962:
2946:Falkland Islands
2845:General American
2818:African-American
2671:
2670:
2605:
2604:
2594:
2593:
2296:
2295:
2287:
2286:
2276:
2275:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2197:
2188:
2166:
2157:
2151:
2140:
2119:
2110:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2003:. Clas.mq.edu.au
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1981:. Clas.mq.edu.au
1974:
1968:
1964:, Tim Richards,
1959:
1953:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1915:
1909:
1900:The Courier-Mail
1897:
1891:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1753:
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1390:
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1381:The Courier-Mail
1372:
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1321:
1316:. Ling.mq.edu.au
1309:
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1172:
1168:
1160:
1156:
900:
898:
890:
881:
878:
874:
850:
830:
822:
799:. In words like
798:
794:
790:
786:
778:
767:
763:
619:football with a
599:start a game of
586:Green woodpecker
492:Arab Australians
485:Lebanese descent
383:
379:
303:
299:
243:
238:
225:
220:
207:
202:
189:
184:
171:
166:
153:
148:
121:
117:
99:Australian Kriol
85:, spoken on the
53:
49:
21:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3241:
3198:
3153:
3133:
3041:
3037:Solomon Islands
3006:
2950:
2932:
2864:
2855:New York Latino
2830:American Indian
2810:
2804:
2665:
2658:
2599:
2581:
2567:Channel Islands
2558:
2526:
2493:
2466:
2409:
2371:
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2265:
2251:
2221:
2185:
2100:
2095:
2094:
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2053:
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2020:
2016:
2006:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1984:
1982:
1975:
1971:
1960:
1956:
1951:Wayback Machine
1942:
1938:
1928:
1926:
1925:on 19 June 2009
1917:
1916:
1912:
1907:Wayback Machine
1898:
1894:
1889:Wayback Machine
1880:
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1329:
1319:
1317:
1310:
1306:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1256:
1231:
1230:
1229:
773:trap–bath split
757:
679:in Australia).
645:The slang word
634:to mean either
541:
513:South Australia
508:
481:
450:Asian languages
437:
412:
406:
377:
357:Chris Hemsworth
330:New South Wales
241:
223:
205:
187:
169:
151:
116:
111:
91:Norfuk language
61:
60:
59:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3391:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3358:
3357:
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3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3299:
3297:Englishisation
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3253:
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3247:
3246:
3243:
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3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3206:
3204:Southeast Asia
3200:
3199:
3197:
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3191:
3186:
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3169:
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3119:South Atlantic
3116:
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3099:
3094:
3089:
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3079:
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3069:
3064:
3059:
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3027:
3017:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2983:
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2937:
2934:
2933:
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2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
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2901:Cayman Islands
2898:
2893:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2874:
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2870:
2869:
2866:
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2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2814:
2812:
2811:ethno-cultural
2806:
2805:
2803:
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2797:
2796:
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2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
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2748:
2747:
2746:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2619:
2613:
2611:
2602:
2591:
2587:
2586:
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2582:
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2579:
2574:
2569:
2563:
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2557:
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2551:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2528:
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2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2501:
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2464:
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2457:
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2442:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2403:Stoke-on-Trent
2400:
2395:
2385:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
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2327:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2293:
2284:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2262:Modern English
2250:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2227:
2220:
2219:
2198:
2189:
2183:
2171:Crystal, David
2167:
2158:
2141:
2120:
2111:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2061:
2036:
2014:
1992:
1969:
1954:
1944:The Advertiser
1936:
1910:
1892:
1874:
1871:. News.com.au.
1860:
1842:
1828:
1801:
1782:Gee, Patrick.
1774:
1761:www.abc.net.au
1743:
1720:
1682:
1668:
1653:
1627:
1605:
1583:
1558:
1552:978-0748638444
1551:
1522:
1493:
1464:
1438:
1427:
1413:. Agenda Media
1411:Women's Agenda
1397:
1367:
1339:
1327:
1304:
1295:Wells, John C.
1285:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1210:
1209:
1151:
1150:
1149:L–vocalisation
1131:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1068:
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1059:
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1029:
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1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
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1006:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
983:
982:
979:
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964:
960:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
937:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
891:as opposed to
875:as opposed to
869:Crystal (1995)
769:
768:
756:
753:
653:The Footy Show
540:
537:
507:
504:
480:
477:
436:
433:
408:Main article:
405:
402:
398:Malcolm Fraser
386:Cate Blanchett
300:(or "Strayan"
251:
250:
248:
246:
244:
239:
233:
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143:
142:
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132:
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128:
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115:
112:
110:
107:
95:Norfolk Island
54:⟩, see
30:
29:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3390:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3353:
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3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3317:International
3315:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
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3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
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3265:
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3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
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3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3201:
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3187:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3174:
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3146:
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3140:
3136:
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3127:
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3120:
3117:
3113:
3110:
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3105:
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3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
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3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2997:Torres Strait
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2981:
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2976:
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2970:
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2947:
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2916:
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2907:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2732:North-Central
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2710:New York City
2708:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2644:Ottawa Valley
2642:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2614:
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2610:
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2603:
2601:
2595:
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2588:
2578:
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2573:
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2568:
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2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
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2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2485:
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2481:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2438:Multicultural
2436:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2398:Black Country
2396:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2388:West Midlands
2386:
2384:
2383:East Midlands
2381:
2380:
2378:
2374:
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2365:
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2323:
2319:
2316:
2315:
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2311:
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2305:
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2301:
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2283:
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2268:
2263:
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2255:
2248:
2243:
2241:
2236:
2234:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2184:9780521401791
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2102:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2065:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2024:
2018:
2002:
1996:
1980:
1973:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1940:
1924:
1920:
1914:
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1739:
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1290:
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1261:
1258:
1257:
1251:
1243:Variation in
1242:
1241:
1240:
1234:
1227:
1223:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1186:become vowels
1178:
1164:
1163:articulations
1148:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
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1080:
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1076:
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1069:
1066:
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1060:
1057:
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1026:
1023:
1020:
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1011:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
984:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
961:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
938:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
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888:
880:
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866:
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842:
838:
834:
826:
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814:
810:
806:
802:
782:
774:
759:
758:
752:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
690:
685:
680:
678:
675:is slang for
674:
670:
666:
661:
659:
655:
654:
648:
643:
641:
637:
633:
629:
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
589:
587:
583:
577:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
536:
534:
528:
526:
522:
518:
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503:
501:
497:
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488:
486:
476:
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470:
466:
461:
459:
458:Jersey accent
453:
451:
447:
442:
432:
431:, is spoken.
430:
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418:
411:
401:
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395:
394:Geoffrey Rush
391:
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27:
19:
3102:South Africa
3097:Sierra Leone
2974:
2850:Miami Latino
2739:Philadelphia
2727:Inland North
2632:Newfoundland
2450:West Country
2264:by continent
2209:(1): 73–84.
2206:
2202:
2193:
2174:
2162:
2147:
2131:(1): 55–66.
2128:
2124:
2115:
2106:
2098:Bibliography
2083:. Retrieved
2079:the original
2074:
2064:
2052:. Retrieved
2048:
2039:
2027:. Retrieved
2017:
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1995:
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1972:
1957:
1939:
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1923:the original
1913:
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1831:
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1814:
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840:
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664:
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651:
646:
644:
640:rugby league
625:
620:
615:football or
613:rugby league
608:
604:
592:
590:
578:
572:
560:
556:
552:
551:is known as
542:
529:
509:
489:
482:
462:
454:
446:Afro-Asiatic
438:
413:
390:Lisa Gerrard
365:
353:Rebel Wilson
345:Hugh Jackman
338:
305:
292:
269:
264:
260:
256:
254:
76:
62:
50:and ⟨
32:
26:
3227:Philippines
3020:New Zealand
2906:Bay Islands
2886:The Bahamas
2809:Social and
2766:New Orleans
2683:New England
2577:Isle of Man
2522:Port Talbot
2423:East Anglia
2340:Northumbria
2085:15 November
2054:15 November
1837:"Foxsports"
1790:. News Corp
1788:The Mercury
1763:. ABC Local
1713:12 November
1173:sound like
713:place names
684:subcultures
617:rugby union
609:bounce down
565:Tweed Heads
289:John Howard
273:Steve Irwin
127:Lexical set
3367:Categories
3167:Bangladesh
3159:South Asia
3112:Cape Flats
3062:The Gambia
2987:Aboriginal
2823:vernacular
2788:California
2761:High Tider
2756:Appalachia
2617:Aboriginal
2549:South-West
2393:Birmingham
2350:Sunderland
2335:Manchester
2325:Lancashire
1882:Herald Sun
1794:14 October
1383:. Brisbane
1281:References
1184:sounds to
737:barramundi
733:kookaburra
721:Wollongong
706:Ravenswood
597:Victorians
569:Gold Coast
539:Vocabulary
349:Rose Byrne
334:Queensland
306:Australian
302:/ˈstɹæɪən/
277:Paul Hogan
265:cultivated
135:Cultivated
3232:Singapore
3194:Sri Lanka
3149:Hong Kong
2975:variation
2967:Australia
2878:Caribbean
2744:Baltimore
2627:Lunenburg
2572:Gibraltar
2489:Highlands
2367:Yorkshire
2330:Liverpool
1515:17 August
1486:17 August
1226:Melbourne
1081:contrast
914:Melbourne
755:Phonology
745:kurrajong
669:barracker
469:Cantonese
361:Eric Bana
298:/ˈstɹɑɪn/
285:Bob Hawke
3352:Standard
3322:Learning
3310:Nerrière
3301:Globish
3217:Malaysia
3189:Pakistan
3129:Zimbabwe
3057:Cameroon
2891:Barbados
2622:Atlantic
2590:Americas
2507:Abercraf
2476:Scotland
2455:Cornwall
2376:Midlands
2360:Teesside
2355:Tyneside
2345:Pitmatic
2308:Cheshire
2254:Dialects
2173:(1995).
1947:Archived
1903:Archived
1885:Archived
1821:27 March
1457:18 April
1417:10 March
1387:10 March
1360:23 March
1297:(1982),
1254:See also
929:Adelaide
919:Brisbane
729:kangaroo
717:Canberra
702:Chigwell
621:kick off
593:football
553:swimmers
549:swimwear
517:Tasmania
473:Singlish
465:Mandarin
441:minority
371:and the
336:border.
314:syllable
72:American
48:/ /
44:Help:IPA
3282:Engrish
3277:E-Prime
3250:Related
3237:Vietnam
3222:Myanmar
3092:Nigeria
3087:Namibia
3077:Liberia
2959:Oceania
2941:Bermuda
2913:Jamaica
2840:Chicano
2678:Midland
2664:United
2600:America
2536:Ireland
2512:Cardiff
2484:Glasgow
2433:Cockney
2313:Cumbria
2291:England
2282:Britain
2258:accents
2029:26 July
2007:26 July
1985:26 July
1767:7 March
1696:(PhD).
1646:19 July
1620:26 July
1598:26 July
1576:26 July
1480:The Age
1320:26 July
1032:castle
986:demand
963:chance
883:Use of
831:(as in
823:(as in
741:waratah
725:Geelong
665:barrack
605:ball up
603:with a
573:bathers
318:elision
261:general
138:General
124:Phoneme
68:British
36:in the
3305:Gogate
3212:Brunei
3124:Uganda
3107:accent
3082:Malawi
3050:Africa
3025:accent
2980:accent
2923:Samaná
2896:Bequia
2715:accent
2688:Boston
2666:States
2649:Quebec
2609:Canada
2598:North
2554:Ulster
2544:Dublin
2460:Dorset
2318:Barrow
2280:Great
2271:Europe
2181:
2075:Crikey
1929:15 May
1549:
1143:square
1055:grasp
1009:dance
940:graph
924:Sydney
909:Hobart
861:plaque
845:parcel
841:hassle
837:castle
817:demand
813:sample
809:branch
801:chance
797:/mpəl/
749:Yagara
557:cossie
500:wallah
378:FLEECE
294:Strine
152:FLEECE
141:Broad
97:, and
52:
3347:Plain
3262:Basic
3184:Nepal
3172:India
3072:Kenya
3067:Ghana
3032:Palau
2992:South
2835:Cajun
2776:Texas
2771:Older
2751:South
2722:North
2698:Maine
2517:Gower
2499:Wales
2415:South
2300:North
2156:–303.
1245:/ʉːl/
1228:) as
1153:When
853:grasp
805:plant
793:/ntʃ/
781:-mand
715:(eg:
698:bogan
694:bevan
689:bogan
647:footy
582:Jerry
496:Habib
326:drawl
322:pitch
310:Ocker
257:broad
242:MOUTH
224:PRICE
170:GOOSE
40:(IPA)
3138:Asia
3015:Fiji
3002:West
2918:Saba
2783:West
2703:West
2693:East
2256:and
2179:ISBN
2087:2015
2056:2015
2031:2011
2009:2011
1987:2011
1931:2009
1823:2023
1796:2023
1769:2023
1715:2022
1648:2022
1622:2011
1600:2011
1578:2011
1547:ISBN
1517:2012
1488:2012
1459:2018
1419:2024
1389:2024
1362:2013
1322:2011
1216:and
1194:Milk
1141:and
1139:near
1122:65%
1099:94%
1093:100%
1090:100%
1087:100%
1084:100%
1073:93%
1070:100%
1050:62%
1044:100%
1027:34%
1004:71%
1001:100%
981:50%
958:48%
904:Word
873:/aː/
865:rasp
863:and
857:gasp
849:/æː/
833:cart
829:/aː/
821:/æː/
815:and
795:and
789:/nt/
785:/ns/
777:/nd/
764:and
762:/aː/
704:and
686:. A
673:root
561:togs
519:and
448:and
382:/iː/
359:and
287:and
263:and
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219:/ɑɪ/
206:GOAT
201:/əʉ/
188:FACE
183:/æɪ/
165:/ʉː/
147:/iː/
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2154:287
2133:doi
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1198:/l/
1182:/l/
1175:/ʊ/
1171:/l/
1167:/l/
1159:/l/
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1119:88%
1116:81%
1113:56%
1110:60%
1107:39%
1096:71%
1067:95%
1064:89%
1061:89%
1058:90%
1047:86%
1041:33%
1038:30%
1035:60%
1024:86%
1021:30%
1018:11%
1015:35%
1012:10%
998:90%
995:78%
992:78%
989:10%
978:86%
975:80%
972:25%
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955:86%
952:70%
949:56%
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