34:
57:
50:
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5077:
558:
4583:
674:
4456:
4466:
4476:
4589:
624:
722:
687:
1522:
657:
House B had an upper floor whose rubble (unbaked bricks of the walls, threshold slabs, stuccos, plasters, decorated cocciopesto floor and mosaic) filled the rooms on the ground floor during their collapse. The state of preservation of the walls is exceptional, not only of the lower stone part but
697:
Four phases of construction are known, the earliest being of stone. The second wall was rebuilt twice, the last version in the 3rd-2nd c. BC restricting the city to the western part of the plateau, passing through the urban area including House A, reducing the enclosed area during the Punic and
292:
with gently sloping sides down to the
Platani valley to the north and sheer white cliffs to the ocean on the south side. The Heraclean promontory is mentioned by Strabo in his description of the coasts of Sicily, and which he correctly gives as 20 miles distant from the port of Agrigentum.
429:, is as a small town in Agrigentine territory, but still subject to Carthage. Hence it is probable that the treaty between Dionysius and the Carthaginians which had fixed the Halycus as the boundary of the latter, had left Heraclea, though on its southeast bank, still in their hands:
669:
framed by north–south and east–west roads follows the pattern of the previous phase. The houses typically consist of two or more rooms surrounding a courtyard with a hearth. The house walls are built on a base of chalk stone blocks with mud bricks above.
390:
However it was destroyed by the
Carthaginians probably in 406 BC, through jealousy of its increasing power. When this took place is uncertain; it was probably in the 10th book of Diodorus, now lost. He makes no mention of any such event during the
376:, he was defeated and slain and almost all his leading companions also perished. Euryleon, the only one of the chiefs who escaped, made himself master of Minoa which now, in all probability, obtained for the first time the name of Heraclea.
410:
The territory of
Heraclea Minoa fell under Carthaginian control as a result of the treaty of 405 BC. but the absence of all mention of Heraclea suggests that either it did not then exist or must have been in a very reduced condition.
588:
at the site strongly suggests that the city was abandoned by the beginning of the 1st century AD. Many cemeteries and tombs have been excavated in the nearby countryside and many of their grave goods are on display in the on-site museum.
329:, landed at the mouth of the river Halycus, and founded there a city, to which he gave the name of Minoa; or, according to another version of the story, the city was first established by his followers, after the death of Minos himself.
470:
Again, in 256 BC, it was at
Heraclea that the Carthaginian fleet of 350 ships was posted to prevent the passage of the Roman fleet to Africa and where it sustained a great defeat by the
345:
Archaeological finds from the necropolis show the city was founded in the mid-6th century BC. The first written mention of the city is of a small town and a colony of the Greek settlement of
569:; the foundations of the walls could be distinctly traced and, though no ruins remained standing, the whole site abounded with remains of pottery and brickwork. According to Fazello an
549:
The urban area outside the wall was occupied in the III-VII c. AD by a late Roman villa, and in the
Byzantine period with the construction of a large basilica and a connected cemetery.
443:
From this time
Heraclea reappears in history, and assumes the position of an important city; though there is no known reason for its resurgence. It joined in the movement originated by
447:
of
Agrigentum in 309 BC and declared itself free both from the Carthaginians and Agathocles, though it was soon recovered by Agathocles on his return from Africa in 305 BC.
573:
was then also still visible between the city and the mouth of the river but its remains have since disappeared, though the height difference makes this unlikely to be practible.
288:
The city is situated a few hundred metres southeast of the mouth of the river
Platani (the ancient Halycus) in a defendable position atop the conspicuous promontory now called
1477:
6192:
6197:
5066:
4512:
612:
the fixings for cables of a mobile wooden podium were found. The theatre was abandoned in the 2nd-1st c. BC when other buildings used the walls of the staircases.
1181:
Field Survey at
Heraclea Minoa (Agrigento), Sicily, R. J. A. Wilson and A. Leonard, Jr., Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 7, No. 2 (Summer, 1980), pp. 219-239
6202:
387:
The city was only briefly under the control of the
Spartans and during the whole of the 5th c. BC it was under Akragan control and became very prosperous.
605:. The side of the theatre is built onto the city walls. The sides of the auditorium are prolonged like a few other Greek theatres (e.g. Segeste, Athens).
524:, when Heraclea was still flourishing. Soon afterwards it must have fallen into decay, in common with most of the towns on the southern coast of Sicily.
1037:
907:
581:
459:, it had been in the hands of the Carthaginians and was the first city taken from him as he advanced westward from Agrigentum. In 260 BC in the
5662:
1492:, translated by Horace Leonard Jones; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. (1924). Vol. 3, Books 6–7
1573:
1191:
197:
6222:
6217:
5703:
1603:
379:
From the time of this new settlement it seems to have borne the name of Heraclea, though coupled with that of Minoa for the sake of distinction.
349:(itself founded about 650 BC), bearing the name of Minoa. From its founding Minoa was in contention between Selinus (as its eastern outpost) and
289:
481:. It appears at this time to have been one of the principal naval stations of the Carthaginians in Sicily and in 249 BC their admiral,
5059:
4505:
771:
368:) came to Sicily with the intent of reclaiming the territory which he believed had belonged to his ancestor Heracles. But in fighting the
314:
in a wrestling match, obtained thereby the right to the whole western portion of Sicily, which he expressly reserved for his descendants.
1050:
961:
842:
817:
788:
767:
444:
276:
Archaeology has shown that the city was founded in the middle of the 6th century BC as an outpost of the Greek colony of Selinus (modern
3203:
694:
The imposing walls are visible for most of their path, built of a chalky stone base and mud-bricks above and including square towers.
6207:
520:. At the same time the relations of the old and new citizens were regulated by a municipal law, which still subsisted in the time of
1260:
100:
1169:
1369:
542:. The latter author is the last who mentions the name of Heraclea; it appears to have certainly disappeared before the age of the
6227:
5052:
4498:
1536:
1472:
1077:
1066:
857:
661:
The older settlement was overbuilt in the II-I c. BC by that identified with the repopulation of the colony at the end of the
615:
The soft building stone, as used throughout the city, has mandated a modern roof to protect the theatre from further erosion.
2591:
1409:(eds. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S. H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A.) London. Taylor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. (1855).
49:
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1292:
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534:. However it is one of three south coastal Sicilian cities briefly mentioned by the 1st century AD Roman geographer
4410:
3159:
2586:
2581:
516:(134–132 BC) and in consequence received a body of fresh colonists, who were established there by the praetor
333:
adds that there was previously a native city on the spot, the name of which was Macara. No intimation is given by
5888:
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33:
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http://www.regione.sicilia.it/beniculturali/dirbenicult/database/page_musei/pagina_musei.asp?ID=35&IdSito=9
584:
from 1950 uncovered late 4th–late 1st century BC dwellings and the late 4th century BC theatre. The absence of
1265:, C. D. Yonge (translator), B. A. London. George Bell & Sons, York Street, Covent Garden. 1891. 4 volumes.
496:
it again fell into the hands of the Carthaginians, and was one of the last places that still held out against
5076:
4556:
4432:
3989:
3482:
2998:
2918:
2616:
2326:
1531:
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1279:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989. Vol. 2. Books 2.35–4.58.
4405:
2934:
2388:
707:
654:
decorated with white pieces while the walls retain remnants of the stucco decoration (Pompeian 1st style).
631:
The oldest IV-III c. BC settlement is visible at present through two completely excavated houses: A and B.
4927:
4922:
4736:
3460:
3068:
2944:
2606:
2560:
2515:
2291:
1980:
478:
395:
when it might otherwise be supposed to have occurred. An inscription from the temple of Athena Lindia of
3999:
1558:
4121:
3994:
3127:
3122:
3098:
3008:
2525:
1623:
1545:
1404:
1389:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. (1918). Vol. 2. Books III–V:
1317:
492:
At the close of the war Heraclea passed, with the rest of Sicily, under the Roman dominion; but in the
5080:
4912:
4597:
4560:
4479:
4422:
3378:
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1132:
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497:
20:
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936:
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891:
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3139:
3073:
2739:
2626:
1350:, Rev. Canon Roberts (translator), Ernest Rhys (editor); (1905) London: J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd.
306:
Its two names were connected with separate myths regarding its origin. The first of these was that
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570:
415:
1335:
597:
The theatre was built in the 4th-3rd c. BC into the hollow of a small hill with, unusually, the
5773:
4867:
4769:
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3083:
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2500:
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2121:
1970:
1965:
1386:
1376:
1276:
935:
For example Heraclea is not mentioned in Diodorus' account of the peace treaty of 405 BC,
512:
Little of it is recorded under Roman dominion, but it appears to have suffered severely in the
474:
464:
433:
1444:
646:) of which the quadrangular altar leaning against the northwest corner and the shrine for the
5647:
5094:
4746:
4530:
4469:
3698:
3688:
3678:
3663:
3353:
3093:
3063:
3018:
3013:
2644:
2611:
2413:
2318:
2304:
1960:
1831:
1795:
635:
404:
80:
5883:
5713:
5588:
5244:
5153:
4837:
3941:
3935:
3921:
3405:
3363:
3335:
3220:
3033:
2263:
2059:
1461:
1450:
1353:
5903:
485:, took his post there to watch for the Roman fleet which was approaching to the relief of
8:
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4713:
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4072:
4042:
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2757:
2072:
1985:
1955:
1909:
1672:
1503:
Wilson, R.J.A. and Leonard, A. Jr., "Field Survey at Heraclea Mino (Agrigento), Sicily",
1203:
330:
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3541:
3043:
2867:
2383:
2363:
2220:
2091:
1975:
1770:
1697:
527:
Archaeology shows that towards the end of the first century BC the city was abandoned.
467:
when advancing to the relief of Agrigentum, at that time besieged by the Roman armies.
865:
273:
Excavations have revealed several parts of the city which are now open to the public.
6074:
5957:
5377:
5285:
5249:
4917:
4465:
4364:
3951:
3500:
3348:
3300:
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2975:
2852:
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2271:
2145:
2127:
2103:
2085:
2040:
1995:
1990:
1641:
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1430:
1390:
1327:
1296:
1288:
1280:
1074:
1063:
662:
513:
456:
263:
76:
1429:(translator). Modern Library; Modern Library Paperback Ed edition (April 10, 2001).
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1859:
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1667:
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903:
878:
830:
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517:
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493:
432:
It was included in the similar treaty of 314 BC between the Carthaginians and
426:
422:
334:
311:
226:
565:
The location of Heraclea Minoa was first identified by the 16th century historian
5487:
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246:
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3515:
3510:
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2358:
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2151:
2139:
1939:
1914:
1687:
1612:
1420:
1365:
727:
557:
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234:
212:
156:
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2423:
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2015:
1854:
1775:
1526:
1453:(translator); London, New York. Macmillan (1889); Reprint Bloomington (1962).
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115:
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651:
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365:
5809:
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1525: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
673:
280:) and was finally abandoned around the beginning of the 1st century AD.
6050:
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2010:
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639:
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804:
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658:
also of the higher mud bricks. The walls were plastered and painted.
642:
pitched roofs drained. North of the courtyard was a domestic shrine (
609:
602:
486:
346:
277:
254:
5948:
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3959:
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3490:
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2882:
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2837:
2812:
2792:
2719:
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2353:
2281:
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1440:
1416:
643:
623:
482:
369:
326:
307:
5898:
5878:
5224:
3979:
418:
in his first Punic war, but recovered by Carthage in 383 BC.
407:
as spoils from an undated victory of the Agrigentines over Minoa.
6134:
6125:
6110:
6100:
6060:
6035:
5989:
5927:
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5723:
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5408:
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3751:
3741:
3693:
3683:
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3623:
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3593:
3246:
3028:
2689:
2679:
2438:
2408:
2398:
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2248:
2195:
1904:
1894:
1884:
1879:
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1581:
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1146:
Inter Pachynum et Lilybaeum, Acragas est, et Heraclea, et Thermae
666:
539:
373:
357:
350:
4314:
3628:
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6115:
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6019:
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5733:
5667:
5554:
5543:
5514:
5337:
5316:
5275:
5254:
5238:
5219:
5199:
5159:
4784:
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4522:
4339:
4269:
4249:
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4077:
3883:
3776:
3713:
3703:
3648:
3266:
3251:
2847:
2832:
2807:
2802:
2787:
2448:
2443:
2210:
2190:
1934:
1924:
1919:
1790:
1750:
1740:
1725:
1483:
1256:
521:
437:
400:
396:
361:
259:
257:). It is located near the modern town of the same name in the
242:
170:
84:
6119:
6095:
5984:
5979:
5892:
5862:
5858:
5651:
5574:
5519:
5483:
5468:
5453:
5422:
5371:
5357:
5321:
5149:
5128:
4996:
4971:
4877:
4845:
4779:
4349:
4324:
4221:
4161:
4146:
4014:
3974:
3726:
3638:
3633:
3603:
3598:
3573:
3256:
2797:
2752:
2704:
2276:
2228:
1929:
1899:
1846:
1821:
1760:
1730:
906:(Blinkenberg, Lindos II, Inscriptions, #2, Col C, line 56ff)
647:
598:
322:
318:
267:
216:
88:
686:
650:
in the east wall are preserved. The floor of the room is in
5743:
5657:
5583:
5564:
5524:
5311:
4605:
4354:
4329:
4279:
3766:
3756:
1341:
638:) equipped with a large cistern into which water from the
576:
In the early 20th century, a mid-6th-early 5th century BC
5614:
1326:(translator), Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1920;
665:
in 132 BC. The organisation of the city with a grid of
421:
The next mention of it (under the name of Minoa), when
580:
was discovered. A large-scale excavation by Professor
440:
should continue to be subject to Carthage as before.
717:
690:
Last version of Walls built across the city's houses
745:
743:
6193:Populated places established in the 6th century BC
4520:
6198:Archaeological sites in the province of Agrigento
1507:, Vol. 7, No. 2 (Summer, 1980), pp. 219–239.
1275:. Translated by C. H. Oldfather. Twelve volumes.
6184:
740:
538:and also by the 2nd century AD Greek geographer
1817:
1190:Area archeologica e Antiquarium Eraclea Minoa:
1209:, p. 216; Biscari, Viaggio in Sicilia, p. 188.
627:Heraclea House A showing mud brick upper walls
5060:
4506:
1597:
1336:Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
425:landed there in 357 BC when he attacked
1144:Describing the southern coast, Mela writes:
463:it was occupied by the Carthaginian general
353:which wanted control of the Platani valley.
245:near the mouth of the river Halycus (modern
198:Area Archeologia e Antiquarium Eraclea Minoa
6203:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Italy
5067:
5053:
4513:
4499:
2483:
1604:
1590:
1530:
32:
1362:Macmillan and Co., Limited. London. 1908.
1273:Diodorus Siculus: The Library of History
799:
797:
685:
672:
622:
556:
455:In 278 BC during the expedition of
337:of the names relating to the same spot.
38:The remains of a house in Heraclea Minoa
1537:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
1473:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
1359:Sicily in Fable, History, Art, and Song
608:It did not have a real stage as in the
6223:1st-century disestablishments in Italy
6218:6th-century BC establishments in Italy
6185:
3537:
1251:Viaggio per le Antichità della Sicilia
325:, having come to Sicily in pursuit of
56:
5048:
4494:
4394:
3536:
2965:
2469:
1816:
1636:
1585:
1262:The Orations of Marcus Tullius Cicero
794:
382:
4005:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
1637:
601:facing south against the advice of
403:attests the dedication of an ivory
317:The other was that somewhat later,
310:, having vanquished the local hero
13:
2966:
1611:
414:It was won back in 397 BC by
249:), 25 km west of Agrigentum (
241:situated on the southern coast of
14:
6239:
1567:
450:
340:
6208:Former populated places in Italy
5075:
4587:
4581:
4575:
4474:
4464:
4455:
4454:
1520:
720:
393:First Sicilian War (480 BC)
55:
48:
5709:Heq she Elisha (Ksar es-Seghir)
4475:
1425:, Arthur Hugh Clough (editor),
1413:at the Perseus Digital Library.
1385:. W. H. S. Jones (translator).
1242:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1196:
1184:
1175:
1162:
1138:
1125:
1104:
1087:
1056:
1043:
1030:
1017:
1000:
983:
971:
954:
941:
929:
912:
897:
884:
507:
436:in that Heraclea, Selinus, and
6228:Archaeological sites in Sicily
5081:Phoenician cities and colonies
4893:Roman amphitheatre of Syracuse
4633:Polizzello archaeological site
871:
847:
835:
823:
810:
777:
756:
592:
552:
1:
2076:
2063:
2044:
2027:
1308:De Rebus Siculis Decades Duae
1287:. Vol. 7. Books 15.20–16.65.
713:
681:
3204:Funeral and burial practices
2389:Military of Mycenaean Greece
1505:Journal of Field Archaeology
862:Heraclea, quam vocant Minoam
734:
708:List of ancient Greek cities
301:
148:Middle of the 6th century BC
7:
4737:Ancient theatre of Taormina
4676:Sant'Ippolito (Caltagirone)
1422:Plutarch's Lives: Volume II
1295:. Vol. 10. Books 19.66–20.
701:
10:
6244:
6061:Hippo Diarrhytus (Bizerte)
3128:Greek Revival architecture
2470:
791:; Heraclides Ponticus, 29.
296:
217:
18:
6213:Pre-Roman cities in Italy
6149:
6028:
5972:
5841:
5814:Portus Magonis (Portimão)
5802:
5686:
5633:
5597:
5507:
5386:
5378:Strato's Tower (Caesarea)
5330:
5299:
5263:
5087:
4958:
4913:Greek Theatre of Syracuse
4836:
4803:
4755:
4712:
4684:
4651:
4598:Province of Caltanissetta
4596:
4573:
4529:
4450:
4401:
4395:
4390:
4235:
4112:
4101:
4028:
3950:
3907:
3854:
3712:
3564:
3555:
3551:
3532:
3481:
3396:
3334:
3296:
3289:
3239:
3199:
3190:
3112:
2989:
2985:
2961:
2927:
2896:
2738:
2625:
2569:
2536:Attalid kings of Pergamon
2491:
2482:
2478:
2465:
2344:Antigonid Macedonian army
2317:
2290:
2262:
2219:
2176:
2167:
2009:
1948:
1845:
1841:
1812:
1711:
1660:
1656:
1632:
1619:
995:pp. 317–319, p. 330
634:House A had a courtyard (
618:
500:, even after the fall of
193:
185:
180:
166:
152:
144:
139:
131:
94:
72:
43:
31:
21:Heraclea (disambiguation)
5560:Ornithon (Tell el-Burak)
5034:Roman furnaces in Alcamo
4950:Villa Romana del Tellaro
4521:Archaeological sites in
1006:Diodorus, 22.10, Booth,
989:Diodorus, 20.56, Booth,
977:Diodorus, 19.71, Booth,
4940:Necropolis of Pantalica
4935:Necropolis of Cassibile
4704:Villa Romana del Casale
4565:Temple of Olympian Zeus
1023:Diodorus, 23.8, Booth,
530:It is not mentioned by
283:
4868:Colonne di San Basilio
2570:Artists & scholars
2485:List of ancient Greeks
2122:Second Athenian League
1971:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
1796:Ancient Greek colonies
1540:. London: John Murray.
1387:Loeb Classical Library
1277:Loeb Classical Library
1249:Biscari, Principe di,
691:
678:
628:
562:
434:Agathocles of Syracuse
230:
5404:Cape Melqart (Cefalù)
4747:Villa Romana di Patti
4531:Province of Agrigento
3689:Sybaris on the Traeis
2414:Sacred Band of Thebes
2154:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
1668:Cycladic civilization
1382:Description of Greece
1354:Perry, Walter Copland
1236:Cic., Verr ., II, 125
854:Hêrakleian tên Minôan
689:
676:
626:
560:
116:37.39389°N 13.28083°E
81:Province of Agrigento
6081:Maqom Hadesh (Ounga)
5919:Carthage (Cartagena)
5307:Callista (Santorini)
5245:Tipasa in Mauretania
5205:Rusippisir (Taksebt)
4838:Province of Syracuse
3214:mythological figures
2935:Ancient Greek tribes
2060:Peloponnesian League
1451:Evelyn S. Shuckburgh
1099:2.50 (123–125)
677:City walls NE sector
19:For other uses, see
5818:Olissipona (Lisbon)
4987:Grotta del Genovese
4960:Province of Trapani
4863:Cava del Rivettazzo
4770:Grotta dell'Addaura
4757:Province of Palermo
4714:Province of Messina
4653:Province of Catania
4616:Greek baths of Gela
4553:Temple of Concordia
3326:Tunnel of Eupalinos
3321:Theatre of Dionysus
2945:Ancient Macedonians
2561:Tyrants of Syracuse
2073:Amphictyonic League
1673:Minoan civilization
1534:, ed. (1854–1857).
1515:Extracts of History
1406:The Natural History
1204:William Henry Smyth
331:Heraclides Ponticus
112: /
64:Shown within Sicily
28:
5990:Balanaea (Baniyas)
5220:Rusuccuru (Dellys)
4805:Province of Ragusa
4557:Temple of Heracles
4000:Menestheus's Limin
3654:Pandosia (Lucania)
3542:Greek colonisation
2904:Athenian statesmen
2665:Diogenes of Sinope
2526:Kings of Macedonia
2516:Kings of Commagene
2384:Macedonian phalanx
2364:Hellenistic armies
2112:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
1976:Indo-Greek Kingdom
1698:Hellenistic Greece
1306:Fazello, Tommaso,
1155:2007-01-18 at the
1080:2009-06-17 at the
1069:2014-10-23 at the
692:
679:
629:
563:
383:5th–4th century BC
356:In c. 510 BC
121:37.39389; 13.28083
26:
16:Ancient Greek city
6180:
6179:
5810:Portus Hannibalis
5699:Arambys (Mogador)
5584:Ushu (Palaetyrus)
5565:Porphyreon (Jieh)
5434:Kapara (Soluntum)
5250:Tipasa in Numidia
5200:Rusicade (Skikda)
5042:
5041:
4918:Grotta del Ninfeo
4488:
4487:
4446:
4445:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4378:
4377:
3952:Iberian Peninsula
3884:Lipara/Meligounis
3850:
3849:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3501:Cypriot syllabary
3392:
3391:
3301:Athenian Treasury
3285:
3284:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2546:Ptolemaic dynasty
2506:Archons of Athens
2461:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2332:Athenian military
2313:
2312:
2146:League of Corinth
2128:Thessalian League
2104:Chalcidian League
2086:Acarnanian League
1996:Ptolemaic Kingdom
1808:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1553:Missing or empty
1546:cite encyclopedia
1038:1.25–28, 30
949:pp. 191–192
924:pp. 172–178
663:First Servile War
544:Roman Itineraries
514:First Servile War
264:Cattolica Eraclea
206:
205:
77:Cattolica Eraclea
6235:
5949:Tagilit (Tíjola)
5724:Shalat (Chellah)
5694:Azama (Azemmour)
5079:
5069:
5062:
5055:
5046:
5045:
4928:Temple of Apollo
4923:Temple of Athena
4908:Galermi Aqueduct
4903:Ear of Dionysius
4686:Province of Enna
4591:
4585:
4579:
4549:Valle dei Templi
4515:
4508:
4501:
4492:
4491:
4478:
4477:
4468:
4458:
4457:
4392:
4391:
4110:
4109:
3609:Heraclea Lucania
3562:
3561:
3553:
3552:
3534:
3533:
3294:
3293:
3226:Twelve Olympians
3197:
3196:
2987:
2986:
2963:
2962:
2551:Seleucid dynasty
2531:Kings of Paionia
2480:
2479:
2467:
2466:
2337:Scythian archers
2244:Graphe paranomon
2174:
2173:
2081:
2078:
2068:
2065:
2049:
2046:
2036:
2032:
2029:
1843:
1842:
1814:
1813:
1693:Classical Greece
1678:Mycenaean Greece
1658:
1657:
1634:
1633:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1574:Official website
1562:
1556:
1551:
1549:
1541:
1524:
1523:
1269:Diodorus Siculus
1237:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1210:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1173:
1166:
1160:
1142:
1136:
1129:
1123:
1108:
1102:
1091:
1085:
1060:
1054:
1047:
1041:
1040:; Zonaras, 8.12.
1034:
1028:
1021:
1015:
1004:
998:
987:
981:
975:
969:
958:
952:
945:
939:
933:
927:
916:
910:
904:Lindos Chronicle
901:
895:
888:
882:
875:
869:
851:
845:
839:
833:
827:
821:
814:
808:
801:
792:
781:
775:
760:
754:
747:
730:
725:
724:
723:
518:Publius Rupilius
494:Second Punic War
223:Hērákleia Minṓia
220:
219:
202:
127:
126:
124:
123:
122:
117:
113:
110:
109:
108:
105:
59:
58:
52:
36:
29:
25:
6243:
6242:
6238:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6233:
6232:
6183:
6182:
6181:
6176:
6145:
6036:Aspis (Kelibia)
6024:
5968:
5837:
5823:Ossonoba (Faro)
5798:
5682:
5629:
5593:
5530:Athar (Tripoli)
5503:
5382:
5326:
5295:
5259:
5135:Iol (Cherchell)
5083:
5073:
5043:
5038:
4954:
4898:Altar of Hieron
4832:
4799:
4751:
4708:
4680:
4647:
4592:
4586:
4580:
4571:
4525:
4519:
4489:
4484:
4442:
4397:
4374:
4237:
4231:
4114:
4105:
4097:
4068:Melaina Korkyra
4024:
3946:
3903:
3856:Aeolian Islands
3846:
3708:
3566:
3547:
3546:
3520:
3477:
3388:
3330:
3281:
3235:
3186:
3108:
3099:Wedding customs
2981:
2980:
2949:
2940:Thracian Greeks
2923:
2914:Olympic victors
2892:
2734:
2621:
2565:
2556:Kings of Sparta
2541:Kings of Pontus
2511:Kings of Athens
2487:
2474:
2453:
2349:Army of Macedon
2309:
2286:
2258:
2215:
2163:
2136:(370–c. 230 BC)
2134:Arcadian League
2118:(c. 400–188 BC)
2116:Aetolian League
2110:Boeotian League
2092:Hellenic League
2079:
2066:
2056:(c. 650–404 BC)
2047:
2041:Italiote League
2034:
2030:
2024:Doric Hexapolis
2014:
2005:
2001:Seleucid Empire
1944:
1837:
1836:
1800:
1707:
1683:Greek Dark Ages
1652:
1651:
1628:
1615:
1610:
1576:
1570:
1565:
1554:
1552:
1543:
1542:
1521:
1480:, London (1867)
1401:Pliny the Elder
1347:History of Rome
1310:, Palermo, 1558
1253:, Palermo, 1817
1245:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1218:Wilson, p. 220.
1217:
1213:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1167:
1163:
1157:Wayback Machine
1143:
1139:
1130:
1126:
1109:
1105:
1092:
1088:
1082:Wayback Machine
1071:Wayback Machine
1061:
1057:
1048:
1044:
1035:
1031:
1022:
1018:
1005:
1001:
988:
984:
976:
972:
959:
955:
946:
942:
934:
930:
917:
913:
902:
898:
889:
885:
876:
872:
852:
848:
840:
836:
828:
824:
815:
811:
802:
795:
782:
778:
761:
757:
748:
741:
737:
726:
721:
719:
716:
704:
684:
621:
595:
582:Ernesto de Miro
567:Tommaso Fazello
555:
510:
461:First Punic War
453:
385:
343:
304:
299:
286:
200:
120:
118:
114:
111:
106:
103:
101:
99:
98:
68:
67:
66:
65:
62:
61:
60:
39:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6241:
6231:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6153:
6151:
6147:
6146:
6144:
6143:
6138:
6128:
6123:
6113:
6108:
6106:Sicca (El Kef)
6103:
6098:
6093:
6083:
6078:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6032:
6030:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5976:
5974:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5966:
5961:
5951:
5946:
5936:
5931:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5901:
5896:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5866:
5856:
5845:
5843:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5835:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5812:
5806:
5804:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5741:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5690:
5688:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5680:
5675:
5673:Ras il-Wardija
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5645:
5637:
5635:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5622:
5612:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5591:
5586:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5555:Gebal (Byblos)
5552:
5550:Botrys (Teros)
5547:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5511:
5509:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5436:
5431:
5429:Heraclea Minoa
5426:
5416:
5406:
5401:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5380:
5375:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5334:
5332:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5303:
5301:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5273:
5267:
5265:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5232:
5222:
5217:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5187:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5160:Kissi (Djinet)
5157:
5147:
5137:
5132:
5122:
5112:
5107:
5097:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5084:
5072:
5071:
5064:
5057:
5049:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5030:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4964:
4962:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4931:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4885:
4883:Megara Hyblaea
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4842:
4840:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4809:
4807:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4761:
4759:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4718:
4716:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4690:
4688:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4657:
4655:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4628:Monte Bubbonia
4625:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4611:Bosco Littorio
4602:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4561:Temple of Juno
4541:
4539:Heraclea Minoa
4535:
4533:
4527:
4526:
4518:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4495:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4472:
4462:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4241:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4118:
4116:
4107:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4034:
4032:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3956:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3913:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3860:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3802:Megara Hyblaea
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3782:Hybla Gereatis
3779:
3774:
3772:Heraclea Minoa
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3570:
3568:
3559:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3538:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3516:Attic numerals
3513:
3511:Greek numerals
3508:
3506:Greek alphabet
3503:
3498:
3493:
3487:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3340:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3160:Musical system
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3119:
3117:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2995:
2993:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2967:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2744:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2631:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2592:Mathematicians
2589:
2584:
2579:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2501:Kings of Argos
2497:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2476:
2475:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
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2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2359:Cretan archers
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2329:
2323:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2268:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2158:Achaean League
2155:
2152:Euboean League
2149:
2143:
2140:Epirote League
2137:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2088:(c. 500–31 BC)
2083:
2070:
2057:
2051:
2038:
2020:
2018:
2016:Confederations
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1940:Lissus (Crete)
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1688:Archaic Greece
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1664:
1662:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1638:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1613:Ancient Greece
1609:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1569:
1568:External links
1566:
1564:
1563:
1532:Smith, William
1518:
1508:
1501:
1481:
1468:Smith, William
1465:
1454:
1438:
1414:
1411:Online version
1398:
1374:
1366:Pomponius Mela
1363:
1351:
1339:
1311:
1304:
1266:
1254:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1229:
1227:De Arch. V, 32
1220:
1211:
1202:Fazello, 6.2;
1195:
1183:
1174:
1161:
1137:
1124:
1103:
1086:
1055:
1042:
1029:
1016:
999:
982:
970:
953:
940:
928:
911:
896:
892:11.20–23
883:
870:
846:
834:
822:
809:
793:
776:
772:3.16.4–5
755:
738:
736:
733:
732:
731:
728:History portal
715:
712:
711:
710:
703:
700:
698:Servile wars.
683:
680:
620:
617:
594:
591:
554:
551:
509:
506:
452:
451:3rd century BC
449:
384:
381:
342:
341:6th century BC
339:
303:
300:
298:
295:
285:
282:
218:Ἡράκλεια Μινῴα
209:Heraclea Minoa
204:
203:
195:
191:
190:
187:
183:
182:
178:
177:
168:
164:
163:
161:Roman Imperial
154:
150:
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142:
141:
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
96:
92:
91:
74:
70:
69:
63:
54:
53:
47:
46:
45:
44:
41:
40:
37:
27:Heraclea Minoa
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6240:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
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6194:
6191:
6190:
6188:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
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6160:
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6148:
6142:
6139:
6136:
6132:
6129:
6127:
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6112:
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6102:
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6037:
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6021:
6018:
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6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5985:Marat (Amrit)
5983:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5971:
5965:
5962:
5959:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
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5912:
5909:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5894:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5879:Gadir (Cadiz)
5877:
5874:
5870:
5867:
5864:
5860:
5857:
5854:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5840:
5833:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
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5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5801:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
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5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5749:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5719:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5704:Caricus Murus
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5691:
5689:
5685:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5658:Gaulos (Gozo)
5656:
5653:
5649:
5646:
5643:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5632:
5626:
5623:
5620:
5616:
5613:
5610:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5596:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
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5556:
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5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5506:
5500:
5499:Ṣiṣ (Palermo)
5497:
5495:
5492:
5489:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5444:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5424:
5420:
5417:
5414:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5399:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5379:
5376:
5373:
5369:
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5364:
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5320:
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5018:
5015:
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5010:
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5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4992:Monte Polizzo
4990:
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4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4966:
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4119:
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4027:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
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4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3980:Hemeroscopion
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3957:
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3953:
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3828:
3825:
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3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
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3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
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3768:
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3717:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
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3667:
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3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3557:Magna Graecia
3554:
3550:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3474:
3471:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3431:Arcadocypriot
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3385:
3384:Zeus, Olympia
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3369:Hera, Olympia
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3272:Mount Olympus
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:Sacred places
3238:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
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3165:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3064:Olympic Games
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3054:Homosexuality
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
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2988:
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2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
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2964:
2960:
2946:
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2926:
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2869:
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2864:
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2856:
2854:
2851:
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2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
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2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
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2759:
2756:
2754:
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2746:
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2743:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
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2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
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2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
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2534:
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2468:
2464:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2424:Seleucid army
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
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2328:
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2320:
2316:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
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2295:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2098:Delian League
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2074:
2071:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2054:Ionian League
2052:
2042:
2039:
2035: 560 BC
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
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1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
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1815:
1811:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1776:Magna Graecia
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
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1729:
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1724:
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1719:
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1704:
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1699:
1696:
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1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1595:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1560:
1547:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1527:public domain
1519:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1498:0-674-99201-6
1495:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1435:0-375-75677-9
1432:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1395:0-674-99207-5
1392:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1371:De situ orbis
1367:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1332:0-674-99133-8
1329:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1301:0-674-99429-9
1298:
1294:
1293:0-674-99428-0
1290:
1286:
1285:0-674-99334-9
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1233:
1224:
1215:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1178:
1171:
1165:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1134:
1128:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1075:25.27, 40, 41
1072:
1068:
1065:
1059:
1052:
1046:
1039:
1033:
1026:
1020:
1013:
1009:
1003:
996:
992:
986:
980:
974:
967:
963:
957:
950:
944:
938:
932:
925:
921:
915:
908:
905:
900:
893:
887:
880:
874:
867:
863:
859:
855:
850:
844:
843:5.42–46
838:
832:
826:
819:
813:
806:
800:
798:
790:
786:
780:
773:
770:; Pausanias,
769:
766:; Herodotus,
765:
759:
752:
746:
744:
739:
729:
718:
709:
706:
705:
699:
695:
688:
675:
671:
668:
664:
659:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
632:
625:
616:
613:
611:
606:
604:
600:
590:
587:
586:Arretine ware
583:
579:
574:
572:
568:
559:
550:
547:
545:
541:
537:
533:
528:
525:
523:
519:
515:
505:
503:
499:
495:
490:
488:
484:
480:
476:
473:
472:Roman consuls
468:
466:
462:
458:
448:
446:
441:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
419:
417:
412:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
388:
380:
377:
375:
371:
370:Carthaginians
367:
363:
359:
354:
352:
348:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
313:
309:
294:
291:
281:
279:
274:
271:
269:
265:
262:
261:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
239:Magna Graecia
236:
235:ancient Greek
232:
231:Eraclea Minoa
228:
224:
214:
210:
199:
196:
192:
188:
184:
179:
176:
172:
169:
165:
162:
158:
157:Archaic Greek
155:
151:
147:
143:
138:
134:
130:
125:
97:
93:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:
71:
51:
42:
35:
30:
22:
5789:Thymiaterium
5663:Għajn Qajjet
5488:Sant'Antioco
5428:
5110:Hippo Regius
5027:Cave di Cusa
4818:Hybla Heraea
4661:Aetna (city)
4538:
4275:Dionysopolis
4245:Abonoteichos
4197:Pantikapaion
3787:Hybla Heraea
3771:
3123:Architecture
3079:Prostitution
2768:Aristophanes
2627:Philosophers
2597:Philosophers
2429:Spartan army
2160:(280–146 BC)
2148:(338–322 BC)
2142:(370–168 BC)
2130:(374–196 BC)
2124:(378–355 BC)
2106:(430–348 BC)
2100:(478–404 BC)
2094:(499–449 BC)
1781:Peloponnesus
1703:Roman Greece
1577:(in Italian)
1555:|title=
1535:
1514:
1504:
1488:
1471:
1460:
1445:
1421:
1405:
1380:
1370:
1358:
1346:
1324:A. D. Godley
1318:
1307:
1272:
1261:
1250:
1243:Bibliography
1232:
1223:
1214:
1206:
1198:
1186:
1177:
1164:
1145:
1140:
1127:
1111:
1106:
1094:
1089:
1058:
1045:
1032:
1019:
1002:
985:
973:
964:; Plutarch,
956:
943:
931:
914:
899:
886:
873:
861:
856:, Polybius,
853:
849:
837:
825:
812:
779:
758:
696:
693:
660:
656:
633:
630:
614:
607:
596:
575:
564:
548:
529:
526:
511:
508:Roman period
491:
469:
454:
442:
431:
420:
413:
409:
389:
386:
378:
364:(brother of
355:
344:
316:
305:
287:
275:
272:
258:
250:
222:
208:
207:
201:(in Italian)
6041:Bulla Regia
5589:Umm al-Amad
5474:Pantelleria
5343:Akka (Acre)
5229:Aïn Oulmene
5210:Rusubbicari
5194:Tamentfoust
5154:Constantine
4643:Vassallaggi
4623:Gibil Gabib
4423:Place names
4335:Salmydessus
4157:Kalos Limen
4137:Chersonesus
4127:Borysthenes
3832:Tauromenion
3644:Metapontion
3406:Proto-Greek
3359:Erechtheion
3354:Athena Nike
3316:Philippeion
3145:Mathematics
3116:and science
2999:Agriculture
2863:Stesichorus
2773:Bacchylides
2763:Archilochus
2650:Antisthenes
2640:Anaximander
2612:Seven Sages
2602:Playwrights
2582:Geographers
2577:Astronomers
2404:Pezhetairos
2031: 1100
2011:Federations
1910:Megalopolis
1847:City states
1822:City states
1478:"Heracleia"
1427:John Dryden
1025:p. 520, 521
841:Herodotus,
816:Herodotus,
652:cocciopesto
593:The theatre
561:The theatre
553:Archaeology
366:Cleomenes I
290:Capo Bianco
119: /
95:Coordinates
6187:Categories
6051:Hadrumetum
5869:Akra Leuka
5748:Casablanca
5580:Sur (Tyre)
4888:Syrakousai
4699:Morgantina
4325:Polemonion
4202:Phanagoria
4172:Kimmerikon
4167:Kerkinitis
4152:Hermonassa
4142:Dioscurias
4038:Aspalathos
3985:Kalathousa
3960:Akra Leuke
3889:Phoenicusa
3674:Scylletium
3659:Poseidonia
3579:Brentesion
3466:Pamphylian
3461:Macedonian
3379:Samothrace
3364:Hephaestus
3311:Long Walls
3290:Structures
3231:Underworld
3177:Technology
3140:Literature
3074:Philosophy
3039:Euergetism
2928:By culture
2873:Thucydides
2715:Pythagoras
2710:Protagoras
2700:Parmenides
2685:Heraclitus
2670:Empedocles
2660:Democritus
2645:Anaximenes
2635:Anaxagoras
2587:Historians
2080: 595
2067: 550
2048: 800
2033: – c.
1961:Cappadocia
1766:Ionian Sea
1756:Hellespont
1721:Aegean Sea
1462:Geographia
1120:5.49 (129)
1049:Polybius,
1036:Polybius,
960:Diodorus,
918:Diodorus,
890:Diodorus,
877:Diodorus,
829:Diodorus,
783:Diodorus,
762:Diodorus,
714:References
682:City walls
640:compluvium
578:necropolis
321:, king of
181:Site notes
135:Settlement
107:13°16′51″E
104:37°23′38″N
6172:Tahpanhes
6167:Gibraltar
6162:Phoenicus
6157:Myriandus
6066:Kerkouane
5943:Almunecar
5754:Volubilis
5625:Tsabratan
5479:Selinunte
5449:Lilybaeum
5216:El Bahri)
5190:Rusguniae
5165:Macomades
5100:Cartennae
5007:Selinunte
4722:Abacaenum
4694:Centuripe
4411:in Epirus
4360:Trapezous
4305:Mesambria
4290:Eupatoria
4260:Apollonia
4255:Anchialos
4217:Theodosia
4187:Nymphaion
4177:Myrmekion
4147:Gorgippia
4103:Black Sea
4088:Tragurion
4073:Nymphaion
4058:Epidauros
4053:Epidamnos
4043:Apollonia
4020:Zacynthos
3942:Ptolemais
3936:Apollonia
3909:Cyrenaica
3899:Therassía
3894:Strongyle
3874:Ereikousa
3797:Leontinoi
3737:Apollonia
3614:Hipponion
3411:Mycenaean
3374:Parthenon
3306:Lion Gate
3209:Mythology
3172:Sculpture
3135:Astronomy
3069:Pederasty
3044:Festivals
3029:Education
2909:Lawgivers
2878:Timocreon
2858:Sophocles
2853:Simonides
2828:Philocles
2823:Panyassis
2818:Mimnermus
2783:Herodotus
2778:Euripides
2748:Aeschylus
2695:Leucippus
2655:Aristotle
2434:Strategos
2300:Synedrion
2254:Ostracism
2234:Areopagus
2186:Free city
1981:Macedonia
1865:Byzantion
1771:Macedonia
1736:Cyrenaica
1713:Geography
1647:Geography
1489:Geography
1446:Histories
1377:Pausanias
1319:Histories
1314:Herodotus
1168:Ptolemy,
1116:5.33 (86)
1112:In Verrem
1095:In Verrem
1010:; Perry,
993:; Perry,
922:; Perry,
735:Citations
610:orchestra
603:Vitruvius
498:Marcellus
487:Lilybaeum
445:Xenodicus
416:Dionysius
405:palladium
374:Segestans
302:Two Myths
278:Selinunte
255:Agrigento
253:, modern
233:) was an
186:Condition
6131:Thysdrus
6075:Monastir
6046:Carthage
5954:Toscanos
5934:Saguntum
5924:Rushadir
5873:Alicante
5803:Portugal
5769:Oualidia
5729:Tamusida
5678:Tas-Silġ
5642:Cospicua
5640:Maleth (
5459:Neapolis
5443:Cagliari
5409:Drepanum
5368:Shikmona
5286:Lapathus
5214:Zemmouri
5184:Azeffoun
5175:Rachgoun
5125:Igilgili
5095:Camarata
5022:Temple F
5017:Temple E
5012:Temple C
4982:Halyciae
4977:Drepanum
4858:Casmenae
4823:Kamarina
4813:Akrillai
4795:Soluntum
4638:Sabucina
4460:Category
4438:Theatres
4365:Tripolis
4300:Kerasous
4295:Heraclea
4227:Tyritake
4182:Nikonion
4093:Thronion
4015:Salauris
3970:Emporion
3927:Berenice
3917:Balagrae
3869:Euonymos
3842:Tyndaris
3827:Syracuse
3822:Selinous
3792:Kamarina
3747:Casmenae
3732:Akrillai
3649:Neápolis
3584:Caulonia
3565:Mainland
3496:Linear B
3491:Linear A
3421:Dialects
3398:Language
3192:Religion
3150:Medicine
3084:Religion
3049:Folklore
3034:Emporium
3009:Clothing
3004:Calendar
2888:Xenophon
2883:Tyrtaeus
2868:Theognis
2843:Polybius
2838:Plutarch
2813:Menander
2793:Hipponax
2720:Socrates
2675:Epicurus
2521:Diadochi
2419:Sciritae
2379:Hetairoi
2354:Ballista
2319:Military
2282:Gerousia
2272:Ekklesia
2239:Ecclesia
2221:Athenian
2169:Politics
2082:–279 BC)
2069:–366 BC)
2050:–389 BC)
1986:Pergamon
1956:Bithynia
1949:Kingdoms
1890:Pergamon
1832:Military
1827:Politics
1624:Timeline
1441:Polybius
1417:Plutarch
1153:Archived
1133:3.14 (8)
1110:Cicero,
1093:Cicero,
1078:Archived
1067:Archived
937:13.114.1
920:13.114.1
864:, Livy.
803:Wilson,
749:Strabo,
702:See also
644:lararium
571:aqueduct
502:Syracuse
483:Carthalo
427:Syracuse
335:Diodorus
327:Daedalus
308:Heracles
237:city of
167:Cultures
73:Location
6135:El Djem
6126:Thapsus
6116:Tayinat
6111:Tabarka
6101:Ruspina
6029:Tunisia
5964:Tyreche
5928:Melilla
5889:Iboshim
5794:Rusibis
5764:Rusadir
5759:Mogador
5738:Tangier
5718:Larache
5687:Morocco
5619:Tripoli
5570:Sarepta
5535:Baalbek
5508:Lebanon
5494:Tharros
5413:Trapani
5280:Larnaca
5235:Thagora
5180:Rusazus
5144:Tigzirt
5140:Iomnium
5119:Algiers
5115:Icosium
5088:Algeria
5002:Segesta
4945:Thapsos
4873:Helorus
4851:Santoni
4828:Kaukana
4775:Hippana
4765:Entella
4742:Tindari
4727:Halaesa
4544:Akragas
4480:Outline
4433:Temples
4370:Zaliche
4350:Thèrmae
4340:Sesamus
4310:Odessos
4285:Cytorus
4280:Cotyora
4030:Illyria
3995:Mainake
3990:Kypsela
3879:Hycesia
3837:Thermae
3817:Segesta
3807:Messana
3762:Helorus
3742:Calacte
3722:Akragas
3684:Sybaris
3669:Rhegion
3624:Krimisa
3574:Alision
3483:Writing
3456:Locrian
3446:Epirote
3416:Homeric
3349:Artemis
3336:Temples
3277:Olympia
3247:Eleusis
3182:Theatre
3167:Pottery
3094:Warfare
3089:Slavery
3024:Economy
3019:Cuisine
3014:Coinage
2991:Society
2976:Culture
2971:Society
2919:Tyrants
2758:Alcaeus
2740:Authors
2690:Hypatia
2680:Gorgias
2617:Writers
2439:Toxotai
2409:Sarissa
2399:Peltast
2394:Phalanx
2374:Hoplite
2369:Hippeis
2292:Macedon
2264:Spartan
2249:Heliaia
2196:Proxeny
1905:Larissa
1900:Kerkyra
1895:Eretria
1885:Miletus
1880:Ephesus
1875:Corinth
1870:Chalcis
1791:Taurica
1661:Periods
1642:History
1529::
1511:Zonaras
1457:Ptolemy
1131:Pliny,
966:Dion 25
947:Perry,
667:insulae
540:Ptolemy
479:Manlius
475:Regulus
457:Pyrrhus
362:Spartan
358:Dorieus
351:Akragas
347:Selinus
297:History
251:Acragas
247:Platani
227:Italian
194:Website
153:Periods
145:Founded
140:History
6090:Djerba
6086:Meninx
6071:Lepcis
6055:Sousse
6020:Ugarit
6010:Shuksi
6005:Safita
6000:Paltus
5908:Málaga
5904:Malake
5849:Abdera
5832:Tavira
5714:Likush
5668:Mtarfa
5605:Lepcis
5544:Beirut
5439:Karaly
5363:Reshef
5353:Michal
5338:Achzib
5331:Israel
5317:Rhodes
5300:Greece
5291:Marion
5276:Kition
5264:Cyprus
5255:Timici
5239:Taoura
5170:Malaca
4790:Pirama
4785:Himera
4671:Palike
4666:Katáne
4523:Sicily
4470:Portal
4418:People
4406:Cities
4345:Sinope
4330:Rhizos
4320:Phasis
4270:Bathus
4265:Athina
4250:Amisos
4212:Tanais
4207:Pityus
4132:Charax
4083:Pharos
4078:Orikon
3975:Helike
3965:Alonis
3932:Cyrene
3864:Didyme
3777:Himera
3752:Catana
3714:Sicily
3704:Thurii
3699:Terina
3664:Pixous
3619:Hydrus
3594:Croton
3426:Aeolic
3344:Aphaea
3267:Dodona
3252:Delphi
3221:Temple
2897:Others
2848:Sappho
2833:Pindar
2808:Lucian
2803:Ibycus
2788:Hesiod
2725:Thales
2493:Rulers
2472:People
2449:Xyston
2444:Xiphos
2305:Koinon
2211:Tyrant
2201:Stasis
2191:Koinon
1991:Pontus
1966:Epirus
1935:Sparta
1925:Rhodes
1920:Megara
1915:Thebes
1860:Athens
1786:Pontus
1751:Epirus
1741:Cyprus
1726:Aeolis
1496:
1484:Strabo
1433:
1393:
1330:
1299:
1291:
1283:
1257:Cicero
1207:Sicily
1150:2.7.16
1062:Livy,
1012:p. 341
1008:p. 516
991:p. 457
979:p. 379
879:4.23.3
858:1.25.9
805:p. 219
789:16.9.4
636:atrium
619:Houses
522:Cicero
438:Himera
401:Rhodes
397:Lindos
260:comune
243:Sicily
189:Ruined
85:Sicily
6150:Other
6141:Utica
6120:Thyna
6096:Ruspe
6015:Sumur
5995:Carne
5980:Arwad
5973:Syria
5958:Velez
5914:Onoba
5899:Mahón
5893:Ibiza
5884:Herna
5863:Ceuta
5859:Abyla
5842:Spain
5828:Balsa
5779:Gadir
5774:Zilil
5734:Tinga
5652:Mdina
5634:Malta
5609:Khoms
5598:Libya
5575:Sidon
5540:Birut
5484:Sulci
5469:Olbia
5454:Motya
5423:Erice
5394:Bitan
5387:Italy
5372:Haifa
5358:Jaffa
5322:Delos
5271:Dhali
5225:Sarai
5150:Cirta
5129:Jijel
5104:Tenes
4997:Motya
4972:Erice
4878:Netum
4846:Akrai
4780:Ietas
4732:Naxos
4428:Stoae
4396:Lists
4315:Oinòe
4238:coast
4236:South
4222:Tyras
4192:Olbia
4162:Kepoi
4115:coast
4113:North
4106:basin
4048:Aulon
4010:Rhode
3922:Barca
3812:Naxos
3767:Henna
3727:Akrai
3694:Taras
3679:Siris
3639:Medma
3634:Locri
3599:Cumae
3589:Chone
3567:Italy
3473:Koine
3451:Ionic
3441:Doric
3436:Attic
3257:Delos
3155:Music
2798:Homer
2753:Aesop
2705:Plato
2607:Poets
2277:Ephor
2229:Agora
2206:Tagus
2181:Boule
1930:Samos
1855:Argos
1761:Ionia
1746:Doris
1731:Crete
1170:3.4.6
1064:24.35
866:24.35
648:lares
599:cavea
532:Pliny
465:Hanno
323:Crete
319:Minos
268:Italy
213:Greek
175:Roman
171:Greek
89:Italy
5939:Sexi
5853:Adra
5784:Sala
5744:Anfa
5615:Oyat
5525:Arqa
5520:Ampi
5515:Amia
5464:Nora
5419:Eryx
5398:Chia
5348:Dora
5312:Paxi
4968:Eryx
4606:Gela
4355:Tium
4122:Akra
4063:Issa
3757:Gela
3629:Laüs
3604:Elea
3262:Dion
3114:Arts
3104:Wine
2730:Zeno
2327:Wars
1559:help
1494:ISBN
1431:ISBN
1391:ISBN
1342:Livy
1328:ISBN
1297:ISBN
1289:ISBN
1281:ISBN
1051:1.53
962:16.9
831:4.23
818:5.46
785:4.79
768:5.43
764:4.23
536:Mela
477:and
423:Dion
372:and
360:the
312:Eryx
284:Site
132:Type
5648:Ann
3059:Law
751:6.2
399:on
266:in
159:to
6189::
5582:,
4563:-
4559:-
4555:-
4551:-
2077:c.
2064:c.
2045:c.
2028:c.
1550::
1548:}}
1544:{{
1513:.
1486:,
1476::
1470:;
1459:,
1449:,
1443:;
1419:;
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1379:,
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1356:,
1344:;
1334:.
1322:,
1316:;
1271:.
1259:,
1148:,
1118:,
1114:,
1097:,
1073:,
860:;
796:^
787:,
742:^
546:.
504:.
489:.
270:.
229::
225:;
221:,
215::
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