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of the chemical considers the long-term effects a chemical will have on human health and the environment, as well as the ethical and social effects of chemical use. Examples include the addition of greenhouse gas emissions from the use of a chemical or carcinogenic effects of a chemical after
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Several factors must be assessed to determine if a chemical is a suitable substitute including potential hazards, exposure, technical feasibility, and low-budget considerations. After substitutes are proposed, the risks of each substitute are compared to one another and tested until a suitable
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If a potential chemical substitute has greater exposure to humans and the environment than the original chemical, the toxicity of increased exposure must be considered. A chemical substitute with less exposure or a similar exposure but lower toxicity is preferred.
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contain pertinent information about hazards associated with chemicals, including short- and long-term effects. A process analysis is performed, which studies how and when the chemical is used and what technology, equipment, and chemistry are needed.
749:. National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology., National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology., National Research Council (U.S.). Division on Earth and Life Studies. Washington, D.C.
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prolonged usage. An ethical or social effect considered during the assessment could include a consideration of if the chemical is ethically sourced or if its use infringes on the rights of indigenous people.
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of the chemical to both humans and the environment. An assessment of the chemical should list the dangerous properties of the chemical, such as flammability or corrosivity. It should also note any
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requires industries to collect safety information on their chemicals and report them to a database. It also requires the substitution of dangerous chemicals to safer alternatives if they are found.
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If a risk is not "small", then possible substitutions are considered. A chemical has a "small" risk to humans if there are no long-term negative effects. The exposure is lower than the
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The availability of the chemical commercially in the quantities required is noted. A substitution that is more cost-efficient is ideal, but is not always available.
292:. The process can be time-consuming; assessments of dangers, costs, and practicality may be necessary. Substituting hazardous chemicals follows the principles of
600:
Fantke, Peter; Weber, Roland; Scheringer, Martin (2015-06-01). "From incremental to fundamental substitution in chemical alternatives assessment".
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are used to determine which chemical is fit to be a substitute. A process-based method of substituting chemicals in the workplace involves:
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694:"Basics of Substitution & Assessment | Transitioning to Safer Chemicals | Occupational Safety and Health Administration"
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433:(TSCA) to require industries to record and report the production, use, and disposal of specific dangerous chemicals.
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National
Research Council (U.S.). Committee on the Design and Evaluation of Safer Chemical Substitutions.
646:"Alternatives Assessment Frameworks: Research Needs for the Informed Substitution of Hazardous Chemicals"
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for cleaning of printing machines: from organic solvents to products based on esters of vegetable oils,
368:, reprotoxic, allergenic, neurotoxic, and other related effects on the chemical has on human health.
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From bonding with adhesives to a new design of items locking them mechanically together, mutually,
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The potential hazards of a chemical or a substitute candidate must be assessed by noting the
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with organic solvents to no surface treatment especially used for furniture of quality.
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Jacobs Molly M.; Malloy
Timothy F.; Tickner Joel A.; Edwards Sally (2016-03-01).
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Substitution of hazardous chemicals can be on different levels such as using:
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to high pressure hosing with hot alkaline solution in a closed system,
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For construction paints: from organic solvents to water-based paints,
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in the workplace is the process of replacing or eliminating the use
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348:(TLV), and there are no risks of disease or other health issues.
577:"Substitution of Hazardous Chemicals in The Working Environment"
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A chemical substitute performs the intended task efficiently.
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Avoid production of products which have hazardous processes.
779:"REACH - Chemicals - Environment - European Commission"
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A framework to guide selection of chemical alternatives
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compounds to use of a furnace with reducing atmosphere,
719:"Design for the Environment Alternatives Assessments"
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284:. The goal of the substitution process is to improve
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467:In metal degreasing: from vapor degreasing with
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445:Less hazardous chemicals in the same process:
804:"Summary of the Toxic Substances Control Act"
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62:Learn how and when to remove this message
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16:Hazardous chemical reduction strategies
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510:with steel sand in a closed system.
274:substitution of dangerous chemicals
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602:Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy
525:only applied for cosmetic reasons.
34:tone or style may not reflect the
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650:Environmental Health Perspectives
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333:Submitting a substitute proposal
304:Chemical alternative assessments
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44:guide to writing better articles
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839:Occupational safety and health
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518:Avoid the use of the process:
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318:Noting composition information
286:occupational health and safety
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521:Avoiding electroplating with
381:Life-Impacts characterization
205:Workplace health surveillance
179:Workplace exposure monitoring
151:Personal protective equipment
717:US EPA, OCSPP (2013-12-03).
431:Toxic Substances Control Act
122:Hierarchy of hazard controls
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169:Occupational exposure limit
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802:US EPA, OA (2013-02-22).
614:10.1016/j.scp.2015.08.001
478:: from fluxes containing
372:Exposure characterization
200:Occupational epidemiology
309:Alternatives assessments
528:Wooden furniture: from
352:substitution is found.
195:Occupational toxicology
146:Administrative controls
280:that have significant
394:Technical feasibility
387:life-cycle assessment
346:threshold limit value
315:Listing the chemicals
290:environmental impacts
288:and minimize harmful
498:: from a mixture of
402:Economic feasibility
160:Occupational hygiene
141:Engineering controls
87:Occupational hazards
662:10.1289/ehp.1409581
548:Hazard substitution
321:Filling data sheets
174:Exposure assessment
581:www.arbejdskemi.dk
338:Safety data sheets
296:and can result in
469:trichloroethylene
453:printing industry
356:Hazard assessment
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410:Legislature
131:Elimination
828:Categories
813:2019-12-04
788:2019-12-04
728:2019-12-04
703:2019-12-04
586:2019-11-20
554:References
107:Biological
52:April 2017
765:892973957
622:2352-5541
429:uses the
418:in 2006,
278:chemicals
680:26339778
542:See also
508:blasting
504:methanol
484:fluorine
437:Examples
362:toxicity
102:Chemical
97:Physical
671:4786344
608:: 1–8.
530:lacquer
476:brazing
808:US EPA
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523:nickel
462:design
460:A new
496:paint
480:boron
420:REACH
187:Study
761:OCLC
751:ISBN
676:PMID
618:ISSN
502:and
482:and
425:The
272:The
666:PMC
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427:EPA
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