Ship - Knowledge

2156: 34: 3290:, and the hull actually settles slightly in the water as it is now only supported by two wave peaks. As the vessel exceeds a speed/length ratio of 1.34, the hull speed, the wavelength is now longer than the hull, and the stern is no longer supported by the wake, causing the stern to squat, and the bow rise. The hull is now starting to climb its own bow wave, and resistance begins to increase at a very high rate. While it is possible to drive a displacement hull faster than a speed/length ratio of 1.34, it is prohibitively expensive to do so. Most large vessels operate at speed/length ratios well below that level, at speed/length ratios of under 1.0. 2546: 8693: 3578: 1259: 4095:(PCBs) are typical examples. Asbestos was used heavily in ship construction until it was finally banned in most of the developed world in the mid-1980s. Currently, the costs associated with removing asbestos, along with the potentially expensive insurance and health risks, have meant that ship-breaking in most developed countries is no longer economically viable. Removing the metal for scrap can potentially cost more than the scrap value of the metal itself. In most of the developing world, however, shipyards can operate without the risk of 724: 916: 3340: 1527: 3135: 3430: 4144: 2956: 3523: 3668: 478: 4069: 1243: 2839: 1983: 228: 8585: 8162: 4130: 1968: 8289: 1383: 3772: 2747: 2437:

sudden appearance of shoal waters, and often floating or sunken logs and trees (called snags) can endanger the hulls and propulsion of riverboats. Riverboats are generally of shallow draft, being broad of beam and rather square in plan, with a low freeboard and high topsides. Riverboats can survive with this type of configuration as they do not have to withstand the high winds or large waves that are seen on large lakes, seas, or oceans.

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As of 2004, the world's fishing fleet consisted of some 4 million vessels. Of these, 1.3 million were decked vessels with enclosed areas and the rest were open vessels. Most decked vessels were mechanized, but two-thirds of the open vessels were traditional craft propelled by sails and oars. More than 60% of all existing large fishing vessels were built in Japan, Peru, the Russian Federation, Spain or the United States of America.

7546: 732: 3329: 496: 1374:, and the ability to construct ships from metal triggered an explosion in ship design. Factors including the quest for more efficient ships, the end of long running and wasteful maritime conflicts, and the increased financial capacity of industrial powers created an avalanche of more specialized boats and ships. Ships built for entirely new functions, such as firefighting, rescue, and research, also began to appear. 1281: 983: 3146:. To reduce resistance and therefore increase the speed for a given power, it is necessary to reduce the wetted surface and use submerged hull shapes that produce low amplitude waves. To do so, high-speed vessels are often more slender, with fewer or smaller appendages. The friction of the water is also reduced by regular maintenance of the hull to remove the sea creatures and algae that accumulate there. 455:. Cities such as Rome were totally reliant on the delivery by sailing and human powered (oars) ships of the large amounts of grain needed. It has been estimated that it cost less for a sailing ship of the Roman Empire to carry grain the length of the Mediterranean than to move the same amount 15 miles by road. Rome consumed about 150,000 tons of Egyptian grain each year over the first three centuries AD. 2441: 3116: 2473: 974:, built in northern Java, for transporting troops overseas. The jongs were transport ships which could carry 100–2000 tons of cargo and 50–1000 people, 28.99–88.56 meter in length. The exact number of jong fielded by Majapahit is unknown, but the largest number of jong deployed in an expedition is about 400 jongs, when Majapahit attacked Pasai, in 1350. 4103:, meaning many of these shipyards may operate with high health risks. Furthermore, workers are paid very low rates with no overtime or other allowances. Protective equipment is sometimes absent or inadequate. Dangerous vapors and fumes from burning materials can be inhaled, and dusty asbestos-laden areas around such breakdown locations are commonplace. 3999: 3868: 703:, a well kept naval fleet was an integral part of the military. Sternpost-mounted rudders started to appear on Chinese ship models starting in the 1st century AD. However, these early Chinese ships were fluvial (riverine), and were not seaworthy. The Chinese only acquired sea-going ship technologies in the 10th-century AD 2970:, steering systems may not be necessary. In most designs, such as boats propelled by engines or sails, a steering system becomes necessary. The most common is a rudder, a submerged plane located at the rear of the hull. Rudders are rotated to generate a lateral force which turns the boat. Rudders can be rotated by a 2858:. Propulsion by sail generally consists of a sail hoisted on an erect mast, supported by stays and spars and controlled by ropes. Sail systems were the dominant form of propulsion until the 19th century. They are now generally used for recreation and competition, although experimental sail systems, such as the 4013:. "Seagoing vessels are responsible for an estimated 14 percent of emissions of nitrogen from fossil fuels and 16 percent of the emissions of sulfur from petroleum uses into the atmosphere." In Europe ships make up a large percentage of the sulfur introduced to the air, "as much sulfur as all the cars, 3589:

Most ocean-going cargo ships have a life expectancy of between 20 and 30 years. A sailboat made of plywood or fiberglass can last between 30 and 40 years. Solid wooden ships can last much longer but require regular maintenance. Carefully maintained steel-hulled yachts can have a lifespan of

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uses to create a project outline, assess required dimensions, and create a basic layout of spaces and a rough displacement. After this initial rough draft, the architect can create an initial hull design, a general profile and an initial overview of the ship's propulsion. At this stage, the designer

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A simple way of considering wave-making resistance is to look at the hull in relation to its wake. At speeds lower than the wave propagation speed, the wave rapidly dissipates to the sides. As the hull approaches the wave propagation speed, however, the wake at the bow begins to build up faster than

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As environmental sustainability becomes a paramount concern, the maritime industry is exploring cleaner propulsion technologies. Alternatives like LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas), ammonia, and hydrogen are emerging as viable options. LPG is already utilized as fuel for long-distance shipping, offering

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are a subset of commercial vessels, but generally small in size and often subject to different regulations and classification. They can be categorized by several criteria: architecture, the type of fish they catch, the fishing method used, geographical origin, and technical features such as rigging.

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is larger than any Seaway lock, salties that can pass through the Seaway may travel anywhere in the Great Lakes. Because of their deeper draft, salties may accept partial loads on the Great Lakes, "topping off" when they have exited the Seaway. Similarly, the largest lakers are confined to the Upper

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the circle is replaced with a diamond. Because different types of water (summer, fresh, tropical fresh, winter north Atlantic) have different densities, subsequent regulations required painting a group of lines forward of the Plimsoll mark to indicate the safe depth (or freeboard above the surface)

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Hulls are subject to various hydrostatic and hydrodynamic constraints. The key hydrostatic constraint is that it must be able to support the entire weight of the boat, and maintain stability even with often unevenly distributed weight. Hydrodynamic constraints include the ability to withstand shock

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Because ships are constructed using the principles of naval architecture that require same structural components, their classification is based on their function such as that suggested by Paulet and Presles, which requires modification of the components. The categories accepted in general by naval

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For most of history, transport by ship – provided there is a feasible route – has generally been cheaper, safer and faster than making the same journey on land. Only the coming of railways in the middle of the 19th century and the growth of commercial aviation in the

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The International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation has researched 9,351 accidental spills since 1974. According to this study, most spills result from routine operations such as loading cargo, discharging cargo, and taking on fuel oil. 91% of the operational oil spills were small, resulting in

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By the sheer amount of oil carried, modern oil tankers must be considered something of a threat to the environment. An oil tanker can carry 2 million barrels (318,000 m) of crude oil, or 84,000,000 US gallons (69,940,000 imp gal; 318,000,000 L). This is more than six times the

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The weather ship crews were normally at sea for three weeks at a time, returning to port for 10-day stretches. Weather ship observations proved to be helpful in wind and wave studies, as they did not avoid weather systems like other ships tended to for safety reasons. They were also helpful in

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Some components exist in vessels of any size and purpose. Every vessel has a hull of sorts. Every vessel has some sort of propulsion, whether it's a pole, an ox, or a nuclear reactor. Most vessels have some sort of steering system. Other characteristics are common, but not as universal, such as

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are specially designed to carry passengers, cargo, or both in the challenging river environment. Rivers present special hazards to vessels. They usually have varying water flows that alternately lead to high speed water flows or protruding rock hazards. Changing siltation patterns may cause the

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The designer will typically produce an overall plan, a general specification describing the peculiarities of the vessel, and construction blueprints to be used at the building site. Designs for larger or more complex vessels may also include sail plans, electrical schematics, and plumbing and

1332:, featuring seventy-four guns. This type of ship became the backbone of all European fighting fleets. These ships were 56 metres (184 ft) long and their construction required 2,800 oak trees and 40 kilometres (25 mi) of rope; they carried a crew of about 800 sailors and soldiers. 607:

with outriggers or lashed together to large edge-pegged plank-built boats built around a keel made from a dugout canoe. Their designs were unique, evolving from ancient rafts to the characteristic double-hulled, single-outrigger, and double-outrigger designs of Austronesian ships.

5828:: p. 98 and 157: "Then he directed them to make ready all the equipment and munitions of war needed for an attack on the land of Pasai – about four hundred of the largest junks, and also many barges (malangbang) and galleys." See also Nugroho (2011). p. 270 and 286, quoting 2927:

In addition to traditional fixed and controllable pitch propellers there are many specialized variations, such as contra-rotating and nozzle-style propellers. Most vessels have a single propeller, but some large vessels may have up to four propellers supplemented with

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Hull materials and vessel size play a large part in determining the method of construction. The hull of a mass-produced fiberglass sailboat is constructed from a mold, while the steel hull of a cargo ship is made from large sections welded together as they are built.

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passed its own stringent anti-pollution packages (known as Erika I, II, and III), which require all tankers entering its waters to be double-hulled by 2010. The Erika packages are controversial because they introduced the new legal concept of "serious negligence".

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Freshwater shipping may occur on lakes, rivers and canals. Ships designed for those body of waters may be specially adapted to the widths and depths of specific waterways. Examples of freshwater waterways that are navigable in part by large vessels include the

2255:, the catch can be made ready for market and sold more quickly once the ship makes port. Special purpose vessels have special gear. For example, trawlers have winches and arms, stern-trawlers have a rear ramp, and tuna seiners have skiffs. In 2004, 85,800,000 2228:. Most commercial vessels have full hull-forms to maximize cargo capacity. Hulls are usually made of steel, although aluminum can be used on faster craft, and fiberglass on the smallest service vessels. Commercial vessels generally have a crew headed by a 6354:

The role of the ocean in predicting climate: a report of workshops conducted by Study Panel on Ocean Atmosphere Interaction under the auspices of the Ocean Science Committee of the Ocean Affairs Board, Commission on Natural Resources, National Research

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is often a ceremony of some significance, and is usually when the vessel is formally named. A typical small rowboat can cost under US$ 100, $ 1,000 for a small speedboat, tens of thousands of dollars for a cruising sailboat, and about $ 2,000,000 for a

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Superstructures are found above the main deck. On sailboats, these are usually very low. On modern cargo ships, they are almost always located near the ship's stern. On passenger ships and warships, the superstructure generally extends far forward.

3683:, ship-owners could load their vessels until their decks were almost awash, resulting in a dangerously unstable condition. Anyone who signed on to such a ship for a voyage and, upon realizing the danger, chose to leave the ship, could end up in 3699:

to determine the position of a line on the side of any specific ship's hull which, when it reached the surface of the water during loading of cargo, meant the ship had reached its maximum safe loading level. To this day, that mark, called the

3089:. As a vessel is lowered into the water its weight remains constant but the corresponding weight of water displaced by its hull increases. If the vessel's mass is evenly distributed throughout, it floats evenly along its length and across its 3953:

material, alter landscapes and jeopardize the ability of native species to obtain food. "On land and in the sea, invasive species are responsible for about 137 billion dollars in lost revenue and management costs in the U.S. each year."

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Sa-telah itu, maka di-suroh baginda musta'idkan segala kelengkapan dan segala alat senjata peperangan akan mendatangi negeri Pasai itu, sa-kira-kira empat ratus jong yang besar-besar dan lain daripada itu banyak lagi daripada malangbang dan

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class sailboat. A 25 meters (82 ft) trawler may cost $ 2.5 million, and a 1,000-person-capacity high-speed passenger ferry can cost in the neighborhood of $ 50 million. A ship's cost partly depends on its complexity: a small,

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Reference to a ship with a name appears in an inscription of 2613 BC that recounts the shipbuilding achievements of the fourth-dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Sneferu. He was recorded as the builder of a cedarwood vessel called "Praise of the Two

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a cleaner option with a lower carbon footprint. Meanwhile, hydrogen and ammonia technologies are in development stages for long-haul applications, promising even more significant reductions in emissions and a step closer to achieving

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One of the problems with ballast water transfer is the transport of harmful organisms. Meinesz believes that one of the worst cases of a single invasive species causing harm to an ecosystem can be attributed to a seemingly harmless

3809:. In this spill, the ship ran aground and dumped 10,800,000 US gallons (8,993,000 imp gal; 40,880,000 L) of oil into the ocean in March 1989. Despite efforts of scientists, managers, and volunteers, over 400,000 3369:. Then, the design phase carried out by a naval architect. Then the ship is constructed in a shipyard. After construction, the vessel is launched and goes into service. Ships end their careers in a number of ways, ranging from 2499:. Surface weather observations were taken hourly, and four radiosonde releases occurred daily. It was also meant to aid in search and rescue operations and to support transatlantic flights. Proposed as early as 1927 by the 3909:. It was first introduced in 1982, and thought to have been transported to the Black Sea in a ship's ballast water. The population of the comb jelly shot up exponentially and, by 1988, it was wreaking havoc upon the local 5837:." (After that, he is tasked by His Majesty to ready all the equipment and all weapons of war to come to that country of Pasai, about four hundred large jongs and other than that much more of malangbang and kelulus.) 4114:, enabling large quantities of highly toxic materials to escape into the environment and causing serious health problems among ship breakers, the local population and wildlife. Environmental campaign groups such as 3320:. Pitching movement is more difficult to limit and can be dangerous if the bow submerges in the waves, a phenomenon called pounding. Sometimes, ships must change course or speed to stop violent rolling or pitching. 3220: 3275: 4526:

Almost all paddle steamers had a single engine with their paddles permanently coupled, without any clutches, and so could not be used for steering. Only a few examples with separate engines were steerable. The

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Ships are typically larger than boats, but there is no universally accepted distinction between the two. Ships generally can remain at sea for longer periods of time than boats. A legal definition of ship from

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potentially causing health issues for humans and marine life alike. Discharges into coastal waters, along with other sources of marine pollution, have the potential to be toxic to marine plants, animals, and

2770:. Vessels with more than three hulls are rare, but some experiments have been conducted with designs such as pentamarans. Multiple hulls are generally parallel to each other and connected by rigid arms. 4065:. Most ships have a lifespan of a few decades before there is so much wear that refitting and repair becomes uneconomical. Ship breaking allows materials from the ship, especially steel, to be reused. 3879:

or an oil tanker unloads cargo, seawater is pumped into other compartments in the hull to help stabilize and balance the ship. During loading, this ballast water is pumped out from these compartments.

3929:) in 1984 to 200 tonnes (220 short tons; 197 long tons) in 1993; sprat from 24,600 tonnes (27,100 short tons; 24,200 long tons) in 1984 to 12,000 tonnes (13,200 short tons; 11,800 long tons) in 1993; 3471:

or on land. Once the hull is assembled and painted, it is launched. The last stages, such as raising the superstructure and adding equipment and accommodation, can be done after the vessel is afloat.

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less than 7 tons per spill. Spills resulting from accidents like collisions, groundings, hull failures, and explosions are much larger, with 84% of these involving losses of over 700 tons.

3757:, climate, food, and human health. However, the degree to which humans are polluting and how it affects the world is highly debated and has been a hot international topic for the past 30 years. 5111: 346:. American and British 19th century maritime law distinguished "vessels" from other watercraft; ships and boats fall in one legal category, whereas open boats and rafts are not considered vessels. 2758:

For a ship to float, its weight must be less than that of the water displaced by the ship's hull. There are many types of hulls, from logs lashed together to form a raft to the advanced hulls of

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Ships undergo nearly constant maintenance during their career, whether they be underway, pierside, or in some cases, in periods of reduced operating status between charters or shipping seasons.

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sense, when subjected to movement, rolling and pitching, and the action of waves and wind. Stability problems can lead to excessive pitching and rolling, and eventually capsizing and sinking.

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A ship will pass through several stages during its career. The first is usually an initial contract to build the ship, the details of which can vary widely based on relationships between the

3316:. These movements can be stressful for passengers and equipment, and must be controlled if possible. The rolling movement can be controlled, to an extent, by ballasting or by devices such as 4546:

The distance by sea from Alexandria (the main Egyptian grain port during the Roman Empire) to Civitavecchia (the modern port for Rome) is 1,142 nautical miles (2,115 km; 1,314 mi).

2064:, the latest major vessel to be wrecked on the Lakes. These vessels are traditionally called boats, not ships. Visiting ocean-going vessels are called "salties". Because of their additional 2932:

for maneuvring at ports. The propeller is connected to the main engine via a propeller shaft and, in case of medium- and high-speed engines, a reduction gearbox. Some modern vessels have a

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the primary role of the diesel/electric submarine was anti-ship warfare, inserting and removing covert agents and military forces, and intelligence-gathering. With the development of the

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Pham, Charlotte Minh-Hà L. (2012). "Unit 14: Asian Shipbuilding (Training Manual for the UNESCO Foundation Course on the Protection and Management of the Underwater Cultural Heritage)".

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The advance of a vessel through water is resisted by the water. This resistance can be broken down into several components, the main ones being the friction of the water on the hull and

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Shipboard equipment varies from ship to ship depending on such factors as the ship's era, design, area of operation, and purpose. Some types of equipment that are widely found include:

1414:, totaling 1.96 billion tons. Such ships carried 11 billion tons of cargo in 2018, a sum that grew by 2.7% over the previous year. In terms of tonnage, 29% of ships were 5654: 5043: 414:

being an abbreviation of the ship class, for example "MS" (motor ship) or "SV" (sailing vessel), making it easier to distinguish a ship name from other individual names in a text.

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used to protect submerged equipment from corrosion. Major repairs to the propulsion and steering systems as well as major electrical systems are also often performed at dry dock.

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went from initially eight months or longer, down to weeks or even days. Builders employed production line and prefabrication techniques such as those used in shipyards today.

1295: 7213: 3017:, and various compartments for work. Tanks are used to store fuel, engine oil, and fresh water. Ballast tanks are equipped to change a ship's trim and modify its stability. 2428:, which carry passengers on voyages undertaken for pleasure, visiting several places and with leisure activities on board, often returning them to the port of embarkation. 1321:

boats also became widely used for transporting small cargoes. Mercantile trade went hand-in-hand with exploration, self-financed by the commercial benefits of exploration.

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Some vessels that sustain major damage at sea may be repaired at a facility equipped for major repairs, such as a shipyard. Ships may also be converted for a new purpose:

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of the oceans, lakers tend to last much longer than ocean freighters. Lakers older than 50 years are not unusual, and as of 2005, all were over 20 years of age.

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already made large ships measuring over 50 m long and standing 4–7 m out of the water. They could carry 600–1000 people and 250–1000 ton cargo. These ships were known as

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are found on sailboats over about 25 feet (7.6 m). Fishing boats and cargo ships typically have one or more cargo holds. Most larger vessels have an engine room, a

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were building large merchant ships. In world maritime history, declares Richard Woodman, they are recognized as "the first true seafarers, founding the art of pilotage,

6350: 3162:. Since the water is not able to "get out of the way of the hull fast enough", the hull, in essence, has to climb over or push through the bow wave. This results in an 5351:

Manguin, Pierre-Yves (1993). "Trading Ships of the South China Sea. Shipbuilding Techniques and Their Role in the History of the Development of Asian Trade Networks".

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Directive 2005/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 September 2005 on ship-source pollution and on the introduction of penalties for infringements

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represented the largest single catch at 10,700,000 tonnes (10,500,000 long tons; 11,800,000 short tons). That year, the top ten marine capture species also included

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In addition to steel and other useful materials, however, ships (particularly older vessels) can contain many substances that are banned or considered dangerous in

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to which a specific ship could load in water of various densities. Hence the "ladder" of lines seen forward of the Plimsoll mark to this day. These are called the "

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and marine environment. Marine species constantly exposed to PAHs can exhibit developmental problems, susceptibility to disease, and abnormal reproductive cycles.

10375: 2511:(ICAO) established a global network of weather ships in 1948, with 13 to be supplied by the United States. This number was eventually negotiated down to nine. 6820:

National Research Council, Committee on the Ocean's Role in Human Health, Ocean Studies Board, Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources. (1999).

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As environmental laws are becoming more strict, ship designers need to create their design in such a way that the ship, when it nears its end-of-term, can be

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from the 15th century to 17th century, the great struggle for feudal supremacy was fought, in part, by coastal fleets of several hundred boats, including the

7408: 3745:. It is a problem that has been accelerating as trade has become increasingly globalized, posing an increasing threat to the world's oceans and waterways as 2816:

Older ships and pleasure craft often have or had wooden hulls. Steel is used for most commercial vessels. Aluminium is frequently used for fast vessels, and

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Maritime trade was driven by the development of shipping companies with significant financial resources. Canal barges, towed by draft animals on an adjacent

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As ships age, forces such as corrosion, osmosis, and rotting compromise hull strength, and a vessel becomes too dangerous to sail. At this point, it can be

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Williams, Charles Frederic (1895), "Vessel", in Merrill, John Houston; Williams, Charles Frederic; Michie, Thomas Johnson; Garland, David Shephard (eds.),

2616:. The distinctions among cruisers, destroyers, frigates, and corvettes are not codified; the same vessel may be described differently in different navies. 1492:

estimated 4 million fishing vessels were operating worldwide. The same study estimated that the world's 29 million fishermen caught 85,800,000

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Parallel to the development of warships, ships in service of marine fishery and trade also developed in the period between antiquity and the Renaissance.

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due to the ships' significant cost. The agreement of the use of weather ships by the international community ended in 1990. The last weather ship was

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in 1281. It is likely that the Mongols of the time took advantage of both European and Asian shipbuilding techniques. During the 15th century, China's

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continues. It is expected that "shipping traffic to and from the United States is projected to double by 2020." Because of increased traffic in ocean

2155: 6058: 844:, and navigation" and the architects of "the first true ship, built of planks, capable of carrying a deadweight cargo and being sailed and steered." 458:

Until recently, it was generally the case that a ship represented the most advanced representation of the technology that any society could achieve.

133:, carrying cargo or passengers, or in support of specialized missions, such as defense, research and fishing. Ships are generally distinguished from 2713:

Fast combat vessels such as cruisers and destroyers usually have fine hulls to maximize speed and maneuverability. They also usually have advanced

6618: 2533:, known as weather station M ("Mike"), which was put out of operation on 1 January 2010. Weather observations from ships continue from a fleet of 8623: 8198: 7465: 6351:

National Research Council (U.S.). Ocean Science Committee, National Research Council (U.S.). Study Panel on Ocean Atmosphere Interaction (1974).

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second half of the 20th century have changed this principle. This applied equally to sea crossings, coastal voyages and use of rivers and lakes.

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Generally, construction starts with the hull, and on vessels over about 30 meters (98 ft), by the laying of the keel. This is done in a

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categorizes ships as: oil tankers, bulk (and combination) carriers, general cargo ships, container ships, and "other ships", which includes "

1461:, and the rise to power of naval forces of the two blocs. The world's major powers have recently used their naval power in cases such as the 4699: 7232: 5885: 3233: 5817: 8338: 8263: 5568:

Training Manual for the UNESCO Foundation Course on the Protection and Management of Underwater Cultural Heritage in Asia and the Pacific

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and factories in Europe put together". "By 2010, up to 40% of air pollution over land could come from ships." Sulfur in the air creates

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For large projects with adequate funding, hydrodynamic resistance can be tested experimentally in a hull testing pool or using tools of

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Fishing boats are generally small, often little more than 30 meters (98 ft) but up to 100 metres (330 ft) for a large tuna or

8802: 3664:. A number of different tonnage definitions exist and are used when describing merchant ships for the purpose of tolls, taxation, etc. 1611: 10424: 9053: 2508: 3081:

Ships float in the water at a level where mass of the displaced water equals the mass of the vessel, so that the downwards force of

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Mahdi, Waruno (1999). "The Dispersal of Austronesian boat forms in the Indian Ocean". In Blench, Roger; Spriggs, Matthew (eds.).

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gave submarines a substantial and long-ranged ability to attack both land and sea targets with a variety of weapons ranging from

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The Liberty Ships: The History of the "Emergency" Type Cargo Ships Constructed in the United States During the Second World War,

9079: 7065: 4399: 3448:, and can last from a few months for a unit produced in series, to several years to reconstruct a wooden boat like the frigate 1268: 10414: 7374: 7291: 7253: 7181: 7160: 7141: 7122: 7103: 7030: 7011: 6964: 6934: 6906: 6587: 6257: 6230: 6149: 6108: 6000: 5576: 5424: 5027: 4935: 4794: 4767: 4732: 4682: 4649: 4591: 3933:

from 4,000 tonnes (4,410 short tons; 3,940 long tons) in 1984 to zero in 1993." Now that the comb jellies have exhausted the

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can be the home of antennas, navigation lights, radar transponders, fog signals, and similar devices often required by law.

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began to develop towers on the bow and stern. These towers decreased the vessel's stability, and in the 15th century, the

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At this time, ships were developing in Asia in much the same way as Europe. Japan used defensive naval techniques in the

620: 6374: 5450:"The Sea and Seacoast in Old Javanese Court Poetry: Fishermen, Ports, Ships, and Shipwrecks in the Literary Imagination" 6865: 6508: 5320: 5156: 5077: 3138:

Vessels move along the three axes: 1. heave, 2. sway, 3. surge, 4. yaw, 5. pitch, 6. roll

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Ship designs stayed fairly unchanged until the late 19th century. The industrial revolution, new mechanical methods of

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is at the very bottom of the hull, extending the entire length of the ship. The rear part of the hull is known as the

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Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part III: Civil Engineering and Nautics

5279: 5252: 5224: 5183: 4988: 4960: 4879: 4839: 3937:, including fish larvae, their numbers have fallen dramatically, yet they continue to maintain a stranglehold on the 1489: 1229: 897: 3504:

nearly $ 200 million. The most expensive ships generally are so because of the cost of embedded electronics: a

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to quell a ship's rolling motion. Other hull features can be related to the vessel's work, such as fishing gear and

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is more difficult to estimate. The largest of these are counted as commercial vessels, but the smallest are legion.

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on larger vessels. Special-purpose vessels often have specialized crew if necessary, for example scientists aboard

5643:: Travel and Trade in the Indian Ocean by a Merchant of the First Century, Translated from the Greek and Annotated 11190: 3930: 3680: 2125:, was the oldest laker still working on the Lakes until its conversion into a barge starting in 2013. Similarly, 1554: 6313: 2213:, other non-cargo". General cargo ships include "multi-purpose and project vessels and roll-on/roll-off cargo". 10496: 8609: 8184: 7451: 7384: 6708:

Panetta, L.E. (Chair) (2003). America's living oceans: charting a course for sea change Pew Oceans Commission.

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Hoffmann, Jan; Asariotis, Regina; Benamara, Hassiba; Premti, Anila; Valentine, Vincent; Yousse, Frida (2016),

4531:

however operated diesel–electric harbour tugs with paddles into the 1970s, for their superior maneuverability.

10269: 8692: 4384: 3645: 6729: 6454: 4106:

Aside from the health of the yard workers, in recent years, ship breaking has also become an issue of major

357:

might apply generally to a seagoing vessel or particularly to a full-rigged sailing ship with three or more

10882: 10285: 7419: 6920: 5907:

Auguste Mayer's picture as described by the official website of the Musée national de la Marine (in French)

4394: 3717: 3294: 572:

enabled them to sail for vast distances in open ocean. From Taiwan, they rapidly colonized the islands of

5925: 2224:., but until the mid-19th century they were predominantly square sail rigged. The fastest vessels may use 11165: 11011: 8343: 8238: 7505: 6948: 2945: 2644: 1392: 6983:

Sailing Ships and Their Story: The Story of Their Development from the Earliest Times to the Present Day

6725: 6478: 6428: 1059:

which could sail closer to the wind, became more widely used. The towers were gradually replaced by the

11212: 10594: 6657: 4981:

A maritime archaeology of ships : innovation and social change in medieval and early modern Europe

2625: 2496: 10367: 11107: 10776: 10652: 10551: 10541: 9616: 8566: 8561: 8444: 8116: 5650: 4895: 4273: 4092: 3829: 3475: 3434: 2906: 1599: 928: 400: 6304: 11185: 11175: 11102: 10745: 10603: 10320: 9979: 8258: 8165: 7792: 7562: 7554: 4925: 4100: 3544:

at regular intervals. Tasks often done at drydock include removing biological growths on the hull,

2545: 1192: 599:

plants. These were complemented by paddlers, who usually positioned themselves on platforms on the

7632: 7490: 7482: 5020:

Ancient ocean crossings : reconsidering the case for contacts with the pre-Columbian Americas

4819:, The American and English Encyclopædia of Law, vol. 28, Edward Thompson Company, p. 440 997: 10975: 10781: 10491: 8538: 8081: 5268:

Bellina, Bérénice (2014). "Southeast Asia and the Early Maritime Silk Road". In Guy, John (ed.).

4379: 3505: 2613: 2190: 2115: 1883: 1196: 1165: 868: 647: 573: 7236: 2331:, are also commercially fished. Modern commercial fishermen use many methods. One is fishing by 322:

is a vessel that carries goods by sea. A common notion is that a ship can carry a boat, but not

10970: 10857: 10821: 10816: 10642: 10546: 9583: 8916: 8729: 7662: 7495: 6299: 6282: 6222: 4637: 4238: 3803: 3776: 3722: 3610: 3343: 3143: 2629: 2252: 1972: 1580: 1291: 1164:

that had come from and to the Americas via the European seafarers significantly contributed to

557: 421:

in some usages, which allows it sometimes to be referred to as a "she" without being of female

138: 10178: 6274: 6247: 6195: 6168: 6139: 5495:"The assembly of hulls in Southeast Asian shipbuilding traditions: from lashings to treenails" 5366:

Christie, Anthony (1957). "An Obscure Passage from the "Periplus: ΚΟΛΑΝΔΙΟϕΩΝΤΑ ΤΑ ΜΕΓΙΣΤΑ"".

4814: 4784: 4757: 4616: 747:

The earliest historical evidence of boats is found in Egypt during the 4th millennium BCE The

172:

has meant, depending on the era and the context, either just a large vessel or specifically a

11057: 11006: 10902: 10806: 10801: 10521: 9788: 9682: 8901: 8139: 6352: 6333: 5646: 5173: 4903: 4453: 4404: 4389: 4178: 4026: 2387: 2194: 2069: 1570: 1314: 1203: 1153: 936: 875: 820: 696: 668:

by the Greeks. They had 4–7 masts and were able to sail against the wind due to the usage of

467: 20: 10599: 7264: 6398: 4672: 3782:

10,800,000 US gallons (8,993,000 imp gal; 40,880,000 L) of oil into Alaska's

1068: 326:. A ship is likely to have a full-time crew assigned. A US Navy rule of thumb is that ships 11283: 10887: 10836: 10579: 10461: 10335: 8906: 8383: 8248: 7331: 7300: 6406: 6291: 6016: 5893: 4328: 3833: 3783: 3753:, pollution from ships also directly affects coastal areas. The pollution produced affects 3688: 3163: 3050: 2448: 2379: 2058: 1895: 1078: 1074: 943:. Elsewhere in Japan in the 15th century, one of the world's first iron-clads, "Tekkōsen" ( 549: 209:

The earliest historical evidence of boats is found in Egypt during the 4th millennium BCE.

7193: 7075: 6777: 6048:

UNCTAD 2007, p. xii uses a similar, but slightly more detailed classification system.

5592:

Maguin, Pierre-Yves (September 1980). "The Southeast Asian Ship: An Historical Approach".

4576: 3514:

costs around $ 2 billion, and an aircraft carrier goes for about $ 3.5 billion.

2762:

sailboats. A vessel may have a single hull (called a monohull design), two in the case of

8: 11319: 11137: 10826: 10689: 10531: 10356: 10290: 9928: 9758: 9033: 8977: 8759: 8268: 8050: 6750: 5403:"Burials, Texts and Rituals: Ethnoarchaeological Investigations in North Bali, Indonesia" 4414: 4253: 4183: 4084: 2966:

For ships with independent propulsion systems for each side, such as manual oars or some

2553: 2520: 2519:. The removal of a weather ship became a negative factor in forecasts leading up to the 1933: 1710: 1558: 1247: 1136:

was possible. These explorations in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans were soon followed by

1121: 1093: 1052: 1008:

Several civilizations became sea powers. Such examples include the maritime republics of

452: 6981: 6295: 5209:ʻIke Ulana Lau Hala: The Vitality and Vibrancy of Lau Hala Weaving Traditions in Hawaiʻi 1258: 11253: 11117: 11072: 10965: 10867: 10831: 10811: 10710: 10536: 10431: 10016: 9969: 9413: 9358: 8987: 8662: 8577: 8464: 8421: 8406: 8348: 8320: 7962: 7429: 7171: 7092: 6916: 6896: 6612: 6370: 6215: 5799: 5694: 5617: 5609: 5520: 5475: 5383: 5087: 4998: 4258: 4233: 3844: 3577: 3485: 3400:

can iterate on the ship's design, adding detail and refining the design at each stage.

3390: 3301: 2902: 2898: 2874: 2817: 2790: 2726: 2714: 2699: 2687: 2560: 2375: 2300: 2221: 1941: 1639: 1550: 1521: 1340: 1161: 1013: 993: 944: 661: 632: 515: 418: 343: 191: 66: 3286:

When the vessel exceeds a speed/length ratio of 0.94, it starts to outrun most of its

2173:

are ships used for commercial purposes and can be divided into four broad categories:

1120:

rapidly accelerated, and many new trade routes were established. In 1498, by reaching

695:

In China, miniature models of ships that feature steering oars have been dated to the

11288: 11238: 11180: 11170: 10937: 10791: 10669: 10609: 10456: 10193: 9964: 9887: 8764: 8667: 8401: 8305: 8253: 8233: 7370: 7287: 7249: 7177: 7156: 7137: 7118: 7099: 7050: 7026: 7007: 6960: 6953: 6930: 6902: 6583: 6558: 6536: 6253: 6226: 6176: 6145: 6104: 5996: 5865: 5803: 5756: 5731: 5621: 5572: 5545: 5524: 5512: 5479: 5467: 5430: 5420: 5387: 5316: 5275: 5269: 5248: 5220: 5200: 5179: 5152: 5073: 5023: 4984: 4956: 4931: 4875: 4835: 4790: 4763: 4762:. Reeds Marine Engineering and Technology. Vol. 13. A&C Black. p. 784. 4738: 4728: 4678: 4645: 4597: 4587: 4111: 3889: 3656:, depth (distance between the crown of the weather deck and the top of the keelson), 3549: 3317: 3094: 3010: 2894: 2851: 2833: 2802: 2741: 2360: 2356: 2138: 2019: 1839: 1751: 1654: 1576: 1531: 1371: 1137: 1009: 723: 9180: 9064: 8176: 7389: 7069: 5777: 4110:. Many developing nations, in which ship breaking yards are located, have lax or no 3438: 2370:

Cargo ships transport dry and liquid cargo. Dry cargo can be transported in bulk by

915: 11273: 11207: 11160: 11142: 11092: 10922: 10786: 10730: 10725: 10720: 10627: 10483: 10441: 10436: 9984: 9933: 9857: 9842: 9254: 9155: 9124: 9119: 9012: 8997: 8931: 8875: 8774: 8677: 8589: 8449: 8396: 8330: 8096: 7827: 7707: 7515: 6309: 5789: 5690: 5601: 5502: 5457: 5410: 5375: 5212: 4361: 4243: 4149: 4107: 3945:. Invasive species can take over once occupied areas, facilitate the spread of new 3649: 3530: 3339: 3014: 2979: 2759: 2672: 2640: 2621: 2589: 2550: 2516: 2284: 1879: 1780: 1743: 1735: 1692: 1662: 1635: 1584: 1542: 1488:

can be found in most seaside villages in the world. As of 2004, the United Nations

1466: 1329: 1265: 1117: 1097: 1017: 740: 581: 560:. Their distinctive maritime technology was integral to this movement and included 434: 173: 6809: 6202:. Vol. 111, no. 2. Popular Science Publishing Company, Inc. p. 121. 5338:

The Phantom Voyagers: Evidence of Indonesian Settlement in Africa in Ancient Times

5271:

Lost Kingdoms of Early Southeast Asia: Hindu-Buddhist Sculpture 5th to 8th century

2732:

compartments, holds, a superstructure, and equipment such as anchors and winches.

2216:

Modern commercial vessels are typically powered by a single propeller driven by a

11197: 11127: 11052: 10950: 10684: 10664: 10632: 10589: 10556: 10501: 10446: 10264: 10244: 10239: 10127: 10057: 9697: 9541: 9483: 9458: 9383: 9002: 8992: 8812: 8797: 8744: 8672: 8543: 8363: 8106: 8076: 8055: 8045: 7992: 7837: 7612: 7577: 7530: 7520: 7364: 7246:

Sailing ship to supertanker: the hundred-year story of British Esso and its ships

6992: 5913: 5794: 5544:. Honolulu: The Hawaii Chinese History Center of the University of Hawaii Press. 4096: 3726: 3676: 3653: 3614: 3429: 3396: 3362: 3090: 3043: 2886: 2668: 2663:, submarines also became able to effectively hunt each other. The development of 2395: 2348: 2241: 2225: 2174: 2065: 1929: 1850: 1774: 1723: 1623: 1387: 1274: 1101: 1001: 988: 935:

assembled one of the largest and most powerful naval fleets in the world for the

827: 776: 772: 611:

Early Austronesian sailors influenced the development of sailing technologies in

150: 96: 7545: 6840: 6686: 5507: 5494: 3480: 3134: 3039:

Ground tackle comprises the anchor, its chain or cable, and connecting fittings.

3005:

Larger boats and ships generally have multiple decks and compartments. Separate

2820:

are often found in sailboats and pleasure craft. Some ships have been made with

11347: 11067: 11062: 11047: 10917: 10679: 10516: 10310: 10208: 10188: 10037: 9636: 9558: 9501: 9269: 9259: 9150: 8972: 8832: 8754: 8739: 8734: 8548: 8517: 8492: 8482: 8474: 8353: 8315: 8278: 8101: 7907: 7872: 7474: 7345: 7314: 7074:. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Archived from 7041: 5906: 4409: 4303: 4168: 4062: 3971: 3876: 3849: 3838: 3832:(OPA-90), which included a stipulation that all tankers entering its waters be 3709: 3705: 3641: 3621: 3620:

Many ships do not make it to the scrapyard, and are lost in fires, collisions,

3127: 3110: 3098: 2986: 2967: 2937: 2676: 2652: 2633: 2582: 2495:

as a platform for surface and upper air meteorological observations for use in

2454: 2409: 2403: 2383: 2304: 2272: 2237: 2182: 2160: 2137:

was still afloat as a stationary transfer vessel at a riverside cement silo in

2046: 1925: 1688: 1617: 1526: 1513: 1485: 1462: 1446: 1423: 1021: 804:

is the first reference recorded (2613 BC) to a ship being referred to by name.

748: 656: 616: 569: 565: 539: 534:, the ideogram for "ship" is attested, but in the inscriptions of the kings of 489: 485: 385: 358: 339: 308: 203: 162: 6557:(2nd ed.). Palo Alto, California: Glencannon Press. pp. 4–9, 15–32. 5864:. Greenwood Guides to Historic Events, 1500–1900. Greenwood Publishing Group. 5605: 5379: 5216: 2985:

Some propulsion systems are inherently steering systems. Examples include the

11341: 11303: 11298: 11263: 11248: 11202: 11112: 11097: 10955: 10897: 10892: 10796: 10674: 10659: 10647: 10637: 10526: 10506: 10213: 10198: 10137: 10117: 10006: 9827: 9817: 9763: 9249: 9043: 9038: 8921: 8789: 8682: 8633: 8368: 8040: 7967: 7892: 7862: 7822: 7817: 7772: 7717: 7667: 7627: 7587: 7525: 7510: 7403:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 880–970. 7394: 7207:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 284–298. 7198: 6378: 6180: 5635: 5516: 5471: 5434: 4742: 4601: 4514: 4308: 4158: 4135: 4051: 4038: 4010: 3979: 3867: 3771: 3746: 3701: 3602: 3598: 3572: 3412: 3408: 3378: 3225: 3120: 3076: 3058: 2955: 2821: 2703: 2477: 2336: 2288: 2280: 2217: 2170: 2164: 2150: 2098: 2094: 2082: 2078: 1953: 1891: 1854: 1813: 1758: 1739: 1631: 1588: 1481: 1470: 1438: 1415: 1407: 1352: 1149: 1125: 1033: 808: 784: 762: 758: 543: 396:, which may be designed for operation on inland or protected coastal waters. 236: 187: 146: 88: 76: 5368:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

5211:. Hawai'inuiakea School of Hawaiian Knowledge; University of Hawai'i Press. 5175:

A Shark Going Inland Is My Chief: The Island Civilization of Ancient Hawai'i

3522: 2917:, and there have been attempts to use them to power commercial vessels (see 2503:

community, the establishment of weather ships proved to be so useful during

947:), literally meaning "iron ships", was also developed. In Japan, during the 688:. This type of ship was built using wooden dowels and treenails, unlike the 481: 11258: 11243: 11082: 11077: 11016: 10960: 10927: 10760: 10755: 10561: 10305: 10183: 10142: 10092: 9996: 9938: 9898: 9743: 9723: 9470: 9443: 9216: 9190: 8957: 8749: 8714: 8507: 8502: 8487: 8454: 8243: 8129: 7997: 7952: 7832: 7762: 7722: 7672: 7572: 7500: 5571:. Bangkok: UNESCO Bangkok, Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education. 5207:. In Keawe, Lia O'Neill M.A.; MacDowell, Marsha; Dewhurst, C. Kurt (eds.). 4366: 4288: 4193: 4143: 3790:

Oil spills have devastating effects on the environment. Crude oil contains

3754: 3657: 3637: 3625: 3606: 3545: 3493: 3457: 3453: 3424: 2990: 2929: 2890: 2846:

Propulsion systems for ships fall into three categories: human propulsion,

2660: 2648: 2524: 2504: 2488: 2467: 2371: 2364: 2276: 2248: 2233: 2031: 1846: 1817: 1727: 1706: 1643: 1607: 1592: 1419: 1411: 1364: 1129: 932: 812: 736: 704: 677: 624: 604: 568:. It has been deduced that they had sails some time before 2000 BCE. Their 477: 438: 417:"Ship" (along with "nation") is an English word that has retained a female 199: 176: 154: 142: 112: 100: 84: 7687: 6869: 5462: 5449: 4900:"The Saga of the Submarine: Early Years to the Beginning of Nuclear Power" 4722: 4068: 4021:

which damages crops and buildings. When inhaled, sulfur is known to cause

3897:

that inhabits estuaries from the United States to the Valdés peninsula in

3667: 1702: 1242: 11293: 11132: 11031: 10907: 10862: 10584: 10325: 10300: 10218: 10112: 10067: 10062: 10011: 9943: 9903: 9847: 9631: 9621: 9606: 9563: 9553: 9536: 9521: 9408: 9388: 9284: 9229: 9145: 9114: 8952: 8926: 8880: 8870: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8817: 8807: 8779: 8769: 8512: 8439: 8411: 8358: 8273: 8228: 8147: 7787: 7582: 6822:

From monsoons to microbes: understanding the ocean's role in human health

6175:. Vol. 89, no. 1. Hearst Magazines. January 1948. p. 136. 6059:"Different Types of Marine Propulsion Systems Used in the Shipping World" 5415: 5402: 4323: 4298: 4248: 4022: 4006: 3942: 3934: 3526: 3501: 3497: 3374: 3151: 3147: 3033: 2918: 2778: 2751: 2695: 2691: 2425: 2421: 2413: 2399: 2332: 2229: 2206: 2198: 2054: 2035: 2023: 1998: 1937: 1919: 1915: 1834: 1789: 1785: 1770: 1766: 1747: 1731: 1675: 1453:

402,830 tons. The 20th century saw many naval engagements during the two

1434: 1396: 1325: 1284: 1157: 1145: 971: 960: 948: 811:

were perfectly at ease building sailboats. A remarkable example of their

768: 712: 700: 628: 603:

in the larger boats. Austronesian ships ranged in complexity from simple

519: 448: 411: 370: 350: 327: 300: 284: 92: 80: 38: 10750: 8601: 5613: 3660:(distance between the highest waterline and the bottom of the ship) and 2838: 2624:

and occasionally since then (the last battleships were removed from the

137:, based on size, shape, load capacity and purpose. Ships have supported 11278: 11087: 11021: 10571: 10471: 10398: 10397: 10203: 10152: 10021: 9948: 9918: 9768: 9707: 9702: 9646: 9611: 9573: 9448: 9398: 9239: 9205: 9200: 9165: 9129: 8982: 8865: 8822: 8724: 8701: 8652: 8434: 8035: 8002: 7897: 7767: 7702: 6580:

Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II

4528: 4493: 4483: 4458: 4356: 4338: 4318: 4278: 4263: 4203: 4115: 4077: 4073: 3894: 3814: 3794:(PAHs) which are very difficult to clean up, and last for years in the 3582: 3556: 3333: 3215:{\displaystyle {\mbox{knots}}\approx 1.34\times {\sqrt {L{\mbox{ft}}}}} 3170: 3150:

paint is commonly used to assist in this. Advanced designs such as the

3046:

and cargo booms may be used to load and unload cargo and ship's stores.

2914: 2774: 2707: 2617: 2566: 2529: 2433: 2391: 2178: 2105: 2093:) because they are too large to use the Seaway locks, beginning at the 2086: 1982: 1967: 1887: 1870: 1864: 1858: 1806: 1762: 1719: 1696: 1627: 1603: 1562: 1360: 1336: 1060: 1037: 882: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 816: 780: 755: 669: 640: 589: 577: 523: 404: 292: 227: 195: 180: 126: 10072: 8288: 7677: 6340:. Vol. 116, no. 1583. IPC Magazines. 1987-10-22. p. 22. 4129: 2750:

A ship's hull endures harsh conditions at sea, as illustrated by this

1382: 819:, a vessel 143 feet (44 m) in length entombed at the foot of the 11152: 11026: 10841: 10735: 10715: 10259: 10254: 10087: 10001: 9991: 9923: 9783: 9511: 9368: 9333: 9299: 9007: 8967: 8719: 8533: 8497: 8429: 8310: 8124: 8086: 7942: 7917: 7912: 7867: 7727: 7712: 7567: 7063: 6605:

Sea Lanes in Wartime – The American Experience 1775–1945; 2nd edition

6100:

The Shipping Industry: The Technology and Economics of Specialisation

4473: 4448: 4313: 4058: 4018: 3962: 3938: 3922: 3906: 3898: 3766: 3738: 3594: 3511: 3370: 3358: 3305: 3270:{\displaystyle {\mbox{knots}}\approx 2.5\times {\sqrt {L{\mbox{m}}}}} 3159: 2975: 2960: 2878: 2863: 2859: 2794: 2763: 2746: 2609: 2597: 2429: 2352: 2296: 2268: 2264: 2090: 2073: 1945: 1903: 1566: 1546: 1501: 1454: 1356: 967: 952: 920: 837: 751: 612: 600: 585: 561: 508: 500: 393: 389: 381: 268: 252: 7617: 7211: 5566: 5542:

Echoes from Old China: Life, Legends, and Lore of the Middle Kingdom

5151:. One World Archaeology. Vol. 34. Routledge. pp. 144–179. 4724:

Maritime sniper manual : precision fire from seaborne platforms

3456:, the need for cargo ships was so urgent that construction time for 2390:. Liquid cargo is generally carried in bulk aboard tankers, such as 1181: 857: 11268: 11001: 10872: 10511: 10466: 10132: 10122: 9908: 9893: 9878: 9873: 9822: 9738: 9656: 9641: 9591: 9491: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9274: 9185: 9170: 9160: 9017: 8962: 8911: 8459: 7987: 7957: 7947: 7927: 7882: 7857: 7797: 7732: 7592: 6535:

pp. 7–10, 2nd Edition, Lloyd's of London Press Ltd., London. 1985.

6368:

With the addition of corvettes, this is the categorization used at

4443: 4438: 4433: 4088: 3950: 3946: 3926: 3902: 3884: 3810: 3795: 3742: 3692: 3540:

Most ships, however, require trips to special facilities such as a

3445: 3366: 3287: 3086: 3054: 3006: 2893:

were first used for this purpose, but have mostly been replaced by

2882: 2867: 2767: 2605: 2523:. Beginning in the 1970s, their role became largely superseded by 2500: 2260: 2109: 1911: 1875: 1650: 1497: 1458: 1406:

In 2019, the world's fleet included 51,684 commercial vessels with

1133: 940: 841: 830: 636: 596: 319: 264: 130: 9308: 7443: 6637: 6625: 4009:

emissions from ships are considered to be a significant source of

2588:

Modern warships are generally divided into seven main categories:

2402:, although smaller shipments may be carried on container ships in 731: 11222: 11122: 10980: 10877: 10740: 10619: 10402: 10147: 10097: 10077: 9974: 9883: 9852: 9832: 9778: 9773: 9748: 9733: 9687: 9677: 9601: 9531: 9418: 9373: 9363: 9343: 9328: 9313: 9244: 9100: 9096: 8936: 8391: 8373: 8297: 8220: 8211: 8207: 7977: 7902: 7847: 7737: 7692: 7682: 7657: 7647: 7622: 7607: 7192: 6402: 5657:. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co. pp. 50, 57 (for quote). 4488: 4478: 4463: 4428: 4333: 4283: 4213: 4163: 3975: 3914: 3910: 3696: 3661: 3541: 3489: 3468: 3313: 3082: 2994: 2910: 2847: 2686:

also include many types of support and auxiliary vessel, such as

2601: 2593: 2340: 2316: 2292: 2202: 2027: 2006: 1907: 1899: 1830: 1684: 1680: 1669: 1430: 1400: 1348: 1310: 1306: 1141: 1109: 1105: 1089: 1082: 1048: 1044: 797: 788: 495: 158: 49: 6940: 5753:

Empire of the Winds: The Global Role of Asia's Great Archipelago

5070:

The Austronesians : historical and comparative perspectives

3328: 2133:, was sailing the lakes 98 years later in 1996. As of 2007 1280: 1148:, who explored the Portuguese and Spanish trade routes into the 526:, which date back to the 4th millennium BC. In archaic texts in 11217: 10945: 10912: 10340: 10315: 10173: 10107: 10102: 9913: 9837: 9728: 9692: 9651: 9596: 9546: 9526: 9516: 9378: 9348: 9318: 9224: 9195: 9175: 8071: 8007: 7972: 7932: 7922: 7887: 7842: 7807: 7782: 7777: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7597: 7535: 6990: 4859:(1958 reprint ed.). Glasgow: Brown, Son and Ferguson, Ltd. 4612: 4610: 4574: 4343: 4293: 4218: 3987: 3983: 3974:, causing alterations such as changes in growth, disruption of 3966: 3713: 2971: 2855: 2798: 2312: 2308: 2015: 2002: 1826: 1822: 1442: 1344: 1025: 982: 956: 553: 535: 422: 366: 276: 256: 3115: 3000: 2440: 361:, all square-rigged. Other rigs on seagoing vessels included 10705: 10295: 10249: 10223: 10082: 9801: 9753: 9661: 9626: 9568: 9496: 9453: 9393: 9323: 9279: 9264: 8860: 8709: 8657: 8091: 7982: 7937: 7877: 7852: 7812: 7802: 7697: 7652: 7642: 7637: 7602: 7413:"International Convention on Load Lines, 1966 (with annexes)" 6778:"Scientists map global routes of ship-borne invasive species" 6726:"International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Statistics" 6683:"Frequently asked questions about the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill" 4659:

Ship' means any vessel used for the carriage of goods by sea.

4468: 4208: 4198: 4055: 4014: 3958: 3918: 3624:, or sinking at sea. The Allies lost some 5,150 ships during 3452:, to more than 10 years for an aircraft carrier. During 3350: 2806: 2786: 2656: 2492: 2472: 2417: 2398:

which may also carry vegetable oils other than chemicals and

2344: 2324: 2256: 2210: 2050: 1976: 1802: 1796: 1595: 1493: 1450: 1262: 1113: 1064: 1029: 792: 673: 595:

Austronesian sails were made from woven leaves, usually from

592:, eventually colonizing a territory spanning half the globe. 531: 316: 244: 7134:

Tanker operations: a handbook for the person-in-charge (PIC)

5822:

Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

5681:

Pulak, Cemal (1998). "The Uluburun shipwreck: an overview".

5288: 5149:

Archaeology and Language III: Artefacts languages, and texts

5044:"Alexandria - Civitavecchia distance is 1142 NM - SeaRoutes" 4607: 2978:

systems combine mechanical rudders with navigation systems.

10330: 10157: 9506: 9403: 9353: 9338: 9289: 9234: 8027: 8017: 8012: 7757: 7388: 7333:

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

7302:

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

6991:

Cotterill, Charles Clement; Little, Edward Delanoy (1868).

6947: 6314:

10.1175/1520-0493(1967)095<0121:SAOTDO>2.3.CO;2

4268: 4173: 3750: 3684: 3309: 2782: 2683: 2394:

which may include both crude and finished products of oil,

2328: 2320: 1658: 1474: 1433:

operating in the world, not counting small vessels such as

1318: 1040:

and plunder many of the coastal regions of Western Europe.

833:

shipwreck off the coast of Turkey, dating back to 1300 BC.

685: 681: 527: 504: 362: 134: 7243: 7230: 6137: 5401:

Hauser-Schäublin, Brigitta; Ardika, I Wayan, eds. (2008).

3998: 2870:

have been used on larger modern vessels for fuel savings.

2197:

carriers, parcel (chemical) tankers, specialized tankers,

165:

is responsible for the largest portion of world commerce.

7286:(4th ed.). Centreville, MD: Cornell Maritime Press. 6602: 4894: 4118:

have made the issue a high priority for their campaigns.

3474:

Once completed, the vessel is delivered to the customer.

3093:(width). A vessel's stability is considered in both this 1867:– watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. 7153:

Ship: The Epic Story of Maritime Adventure (Smithsonian)

6555:

The Lane Victory: The Last Victory Ship in War and Peace

5990: 5353:

Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient

3941:. Recently the comb jellies have been discovered in the 2424:, which carry passengers from one place to another; and 7219:. United States Maritime Administration. Archived from 7025:(15th ed.). Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. 6603:

Albion, Robert Greenhalgh, Pope, Jennie Barnes (1968).

5862:

Maritime exploration in the age of discovery, 1415–1800

4857:

Masting and Rigging, the Clipper Ship and Ocean Carrier

3395:

A vessel's design starts with a specification, which a

2850:, and mechanical propulsion. Human propulsion includes 2777:

is the foremost part of the hull. Many ships feature a

1959:

Some of these are discussed in the following sections.

639:

of Chinese ships is also believed to be developed from

447:

Examples of the consequences of this include the large

7004:

The Bluejacket's Manual (Bluejacket's Manual, 22nd ed)

6275:"Some Aspects of the Development of Hurricane Dorothy" 5400: 5315:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. pp. 93–4. 3581:

Workers drag steel plate ashore from beached ships in

3259: 3238: 3204: 3183: 1351:

was a very fast sailing ship of the 19th century. The

9094: 8206: 7409:

Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization

7344:. New York and Geneva: United Nations. Archived from 7313:. New York and Geneva: United Nations. Archived from 7112: 3236: 3181: 2628:

in March 2006), but were made obsolete by the use of

2420:, which move passengers and vehicles on short trips; 2412:

range in size from small river ferries to very large

2267:) of fish were caught in the marine capture fishery. 1441:

accounted for 3 million tons worth of these vessels,

1355:

fell into commercial disuse with the introduction of

410:

In many documents the ship name is introduced with a

6193: 4125: 1359:

with better fuel efficiency, and the opening of the

1043:

Towards the end of the 14th century, ships like the

826:

The oldest discovered sea faring hulled boat is the

6749: 6582:. New York: Random House. pp. 135–36, 178–80. 6245: 5536: 5534: 4700:"Bluejacket's Manual - Of Ships and Boats and . . " 1171: 7212:Office of Data and Economic Analysis (July 2006). 7176:(64th ed.). New York: Hearst Communications. 7091: 7040: 6952: 6214: 5178:. University of California Press. pp. 25–26. 4720: 3716:with a horizontal line through the centre. On the 3283:is the length of the waterline in feet or meters. 3269: 3214: 3130:, characteristic of vessels passing through water. 3061:are carried aboard many vessels for emergency use. 2068:, very large salties are never seen inland of the 847: 8803:Floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) 7071:The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2006 7001: 6249:Ocean surface waves: their physics and prediction 6039:Office of Data and Economic Analysis, 2006, p. 2. 5926:"UNCTAD Review of maritime transport 2019, p. 37" 5714:Cabotage refers to navigation along the coastline 5306: 5304: 4756:Ridley, Jonathan; Patterson, Christopher (2014). 4513:UNFAO defines a large fishing vessel as one with 2877:generally consist of a motor or engine turning a 1328:began to develop a new type of vessel known as a 955:. In Korea, in the early 15th century during the 711:trading ships, leading to the development of the 676:. In the 11th century, a new type of ship called 11339: 6272: 6212: 5947:UNCTAD Review of maritime transport 2019, p. 29. 5653:) with a foreword by W.P. Wilson, Sc. Director, 5531: 5068:Horridge, Adrian (2006). Bellwood, Peter (ed.). 4644:. Universal Law Publishing. 2009. p. 1168. 3561:floating production storage and offloading units 334:of a sharp turn, whereas boats heel towards the 115: – two or more masts, variety of sail plans 6901:(International ed.). H.W. Wilson Company. 6810:https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/algae/impact.html 6808:. PBS: NOVA. Retrieved November 26, 2006, from 5938:UNCTAD Review of maritime transport 2019, p. 7. 5755:. London, New York: I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd. 5022:. Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press. 4930:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 83–132. 4755: 3415:easily and that waste is reduced to a minimum. 2974:, manual wheels, or electro-hydraulic systems. 2717:and communication systems, as well as weapons. 1324:During the first half of the 18th century, the 635:, which was established at around 1500 BC. The 7282:Turpin, Edward A.; McEwen, William A. (1980). 7064:Fisheries and Aquacultures Department (2007). 6509:"Ship Stability - What Makes a Ship Unstable?" 6369: 5991:Paulet, Dominique; Presles, Dominique (1999). 5782:HISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidik Dan Peneliti Sejarah 5778:"Re-Estimating the Size of Javanese Jong Ship" 5301: 4848: 3871:A cargo ship pumps ballast water over the side 3166:increase in resistance with increasing speed. 538:, ships were first mentioned in connection to 10383: 9080: 8617: 8192: 7459: 7150: 5995:(in French). Paris: Éditions de la Villette. 5993:Architecture navale, connaissance et pratique 5683:International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 5634: 5061: 4974: 4972: 4955:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 3712:", exists on ships' sides, and consists of a 2789:, and many hulls have a flat back known as a 1842:and craft – rowed, masted and motorised craft 718: 7281: 7235:. Overseas Shipholding Group. Archived from 7113:Hayler, William B.; Keever, John M. (2003). 6868:. Greenpeace. March 16, 2006. Archived from 6617:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5238: 5236: 5192: 5142: 5140: 5105: 5103: 4823: 3671:load line mark (left) and load lines (right) 376:Some large vessels are traditionally called 8339:List of harvested aquatic animals by weight 8264:Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing 7098:. Centreville, MD: Cornell Maritime Press. 6834: 6832: 6830: 6506: 6431:. Better Planet Education (formerly YPTE). 4944: 4863: 4808: 4806: 4789:. Cambridge University Press. p. 454. 4786:Hydrodynamics of High-Speed Marine Vehicles 3990:, and genetic abnormalities or even death. 3961:discharge from ships can also spread human 3863:Ballast water discharge and the environment 3817:, and immense numbers of fish were killed. 3001:Holds, compartments, and the superstructure 2108:lakes are less corrosive to ships than the 1210:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 761:had documented ship-faring among the early 727:Egyptian sailing ship, c. 1422–1411 BC 461: 179:with three or more masts, each of which is 10390: 10376: 9087: 9073: 8624: 8610: 8199: 8185: 7466: 7452: 7434:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7424:. Vol. 640. London. pp. 133–300. 6979: 6800: 6798: 6704: 6702: 6700: 6698: 6696: 5092:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5003:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4969: 3978:cycles, birth defects, suppression of the 2959:The rudder and propeller on a newly built 2813:waves, weather collisions and groundings. 2461: 1612:floating production storage and offloading 129:that travels the world's oceans and other 9054:List of merchant navy capacity by country 8631: 7231:Overseas Shipholding Group (2008-02-22). 7136:. Cambridge, MD: Cornell Maritime Press. 7094:Stability and Trim for the Ship's Officer 6303: 5793: 5730:. London: Cassell & Co. p. 102. 5506: 5461: 5414: 5335: 5310: 5274:. Yale University Press. pp. 22–25. 5233: 5165: 5137: 5100: 5011: 4953:Ships and seamanship in the ancient world 4854: 4782: 4670: 2509:International Civil Aviation Organization 1230:Learn how and when to remove this message 898:Learn how and when to remove this message 823:around 2500 BC and found intact in 1954. 672:. These ships may have reached as far as 7362: 7006:. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. 6986:. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company. 6915: 6838: 6827: 6824:. Washington, DC: National Academy Press 6720: 6718: 6716: 6714: 6138:Malcolm Francis Willoughby (June 1980). 6083: 6081: 6079: 5959: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5725: 5560: 5558: 5365: 5298:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5198: 5067: 4812: 4803: 4776: 4664: 4570: 4568: 4067: 3997: 3905:coast, has caused notable damage in the 3866: 3770: 3691:, realised the problem and engaged some 3666: 3576: 3521: 3517: 3428: 3338: 3327: 3133: 3114: 3065: 2954: 2837: 2745: 2544: 2471: 2439: 2154: 1981: 1966: 1525: 1381: 1279: 1257: 1241: 1085:, and the artillery associated with it. 981: 977: 914: 730: 722: 692:which used vegetal fibres for lashings. 494: 476: 338:because of the relative location of the 226: 186:As of 2016, there were more than 49,000 7233:"Overseas Shipholding Group Fleet List" 7169: 7089: 6997:. London: Seeley, Jackson and Halliday. 6894: 6804:Meinesz, A. (2003). Deep Sea Invasion. 6795: 6775: 6728:. Itopf.com. 2005-06-09. Archived from 6693: 6096: 6090: 5878: 5775: 5750: 5707: 5492: 5350: 5267: 5261: 4927:Gender Shifts in the History of English 4874:. London: Macdonald and Janes Limited. 4829: 4759:Ship Stability, Powering and Resistance 4674:101 Amazing Facts about Ships and Boats 4054:involving the breaking up of ships for 3548:and repainting the hull, and replacing 2936:in which the propeller is turned by an 1792:and special trade passenger (STP) ships 937:diplomatic and power projection voyages 910: 646:In the 2nd century AD, people from the 499:One of the sailing vessels depicted in 399:In most maritime traditions ships have 11340: 7190: 7020: 6655: 6596: 6577: 6571: 6552: 6546: 6525: 6239: 6163: 6161: 5591: 4950: 4923: 4869: 4714: 4697: 4630: 4400:List of largest ships by gross tonnage 3500:around $ 105 million and a large 3154:assist in decreasing wave resistance. 514:The earliest attestations of ships in 10371: 9068: 8605: 8180: 7447: 7383: 7262: 7248:. Lavenham, Suffolk: Terence Dalton. 7244:Sawyer, L.A.; Mitchell, W.O. (1987). 7131: 6994:Ships and sailors, ancient and modern 6743: 6711: 6252:. World Scientific. pp. 369–71. 6133: 6131: 6129: 6076: 5950: 5712:. New York: Lyons Press. p. 16. 5680: 5555: 5242: 5171: 5146: 5116:The Journal of the Polynesian Society 5109: 4978: 4749: 4565: 3741:is the pollution of air and water by 3158:it can dissipate, and so it grows in 2901:diesel engines, outboard motors, and 2827: 1395:container ship owned and operated by 1313:up to and past the early days of the 767:"During the prosperous period of the 472: 7170:Maloney, Elbert S. (December 2003). 6377:. United States Navy. Archived from 6206: 6194:George Lee Dowd, Jr. (August 1927). 6141:The U.S. Coast Guard in World War II 5859: 5853: 5564: 5447: 5359: 5017: 4902:. United States Navy. Archived from 4061:, with the hulls being discarded in 4025:problems and increase the risk of a 3993: 3828:spill, the United States passed the 3349:under construction in a shipyard in 2639:Most military submarines are either 2009:, at a heritage ship meeting in 2009 1347:, and continued to map the world. A 1208:adding citations to reliable sources 1175: 880:adding citations to reliable sources 851: 7473: 7407: 7039: 7021:Cutler, Thomas J. (December 2003). 6927:National Imagery and Mapping Agency 6658:"Ship pollution clouds USA's skies" 6643: 6631: 6344: 6158: 5848:The European Golden Age of Shipping 5810: 4577:"Review of Maritime Transport 2016" 3836:by 2015. Following the sinkings of 3802:amount spilled in the widely known 3650:length of the ship at the waterline 3444:Ship construction takes place in a 3332:Lines plan for the hull of a basic 2950: 2909:producing steam are used to propel 2355:and lines are used in methods like 2187:UNCTAD review of maritime transport 1795:Cross-channel, coastal and harbour 1504:) of fish and shellfish that year. 707:after contact with Southeast Asian 621:Austronesian maritime trade network 556:. From here, they took part in the 403:, and modern ships may belong to a 13: 7338:Review of Maritime Transport, 2007 7307:Review of Maritime Transport, 2006 7284:Merchant Marine Officers' Handbook 6507:Chakraborty, Soumya (2021-01-09). 6334:"Romeo Would Have Spied the Storm" 6126: 5695:10.1111/j.1095-9270.1998.tb00803.x 5594:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 5344: 5247:. Texas A&M University Press. 5245:Wangka: Austronesian Canoe Origins 4832:Sailing Rigs, an Illustrated Guide 4698:Cutler, Thomas J. (October 2017). 4677:. Andrews UK Limited. p. 35. 4002:Exhaust stack on a container ship. 3631: 2940:powered by the ship's generators. 2515:monitoring storms at sea, such as 1108:was developed in Portugal and the 503:temple, c. 8th century AD in 407:often named after its first ship. 14: 11359: 9049:International Chamber of Shipping 8897:Anchor handling tug supply vessel 7115:American Merchant Seaman's Manual 7066:"The Status of the Fishing Fleet" 6980:Chatterton, Edward Keble (1915). 6685:. State of Alaska. Archived from 6646:, pp. 174–178, Regulation 6. 6634:, pp. 172–174, Regulation 5. 6435:from the original on Dec 31, 2012 6358:. National Academies. p. 40. 5651:Commercial Museum of Philadelphia 5407:Göttinger Beiträge zur Ethnologie 3732: 3566: 2982:are sometimes used for steering. 2793:. Common hull appendages include 2773:Hulls have several elements. The 2537:in routine commercial operation. 2343:, or entangling nets. Another is 2185:, and special-purpose ships. The 1962: 1507: 1490:Food and Agriculture Organization 1160:in 1642. After the 15th century, 576:, then sailed further onwards to 8691: 8584: 8583: 8571: 8287: 8161: 8160: 7544: 7214:"World Merchant Fleet 2001–2005" 6922:The American Practical Navigator 6553:Jaffee, Capt. Walter W. (1997). 6531:Sawyer, L.A. and Mitchell, W.H. 6489:from the original on 12 Jan 2024 6217:Physics of the marine atmosphere 5890:The University of North Carolina 4872:Jane's Dictionary of Naval Terms 4229:Glossary of nautical terms (M-Z) 4224:Glossary of nautical terms (A-L) 4189:Environmental impact of shipping 4142: 4128: 4032: 3856: 3792:polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 3104: 2540: 2144: 1180: 1172:Specialization and modernization 1081:allowed another innovation: the 856: 783:-routes were kept in order, and 451:in the Mediterranean during the 223:Glossary of nautical terms (M–Z) 219:Glossary of nautical terms (A–L) 32: 8572: 7263:Singh, Baljit (July 11, 1999). 7191:Martin, William Robert (1911). 7173:Chapman Piloting and Seamanship 7155:. New York: DK Publishing Inc. 6858: 6814: 6769: 6675: 6649: 6500: 6471: 6447: 6421: 6412: 6392: 6362: 6326: 6273:Carl O. Erickson (March 1967). 6266: 6187: 6144:. Arno Press. pp. 127–30. 6117: 6051: 6042: 6033: 6009: 5984: 5975: 5966: 5941: 5932: 5918: 5900: 5840: 5769: 5744: 5719: 5701: 5674: 5661: 5628: 5585: 5486: 5441: 5394: 5329: 5036: 4917: 4888: 4540: 4520: 4507: 3965:and other harmful diseases and 3488:will cost $ 20 million, a 3418: 3070: 2854:, which was used even on large 2720: 2416:. This type of vessel includes 2363:. Another method is the use of 1555:small-waterplane-area twin hull 1377: 867:needs additional citations for 848:14th through the 18th centuries 739:ship carved on the face of the 212: 10497:Anti-submarine warfare carrier 6806:The Impact of Invasive Species 6169:"Britain's First Weather Ship" 5641:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea 5201:"The Past and Future of Hala ( 5172:Kirch, Patrick Vinton (2012). 4983:(First ed.). Oxford, UK. 4834:. London: Chatham Publishing. 4691: 4621: 3875:When a large vessel such as a 2072:. Because the smallest of the 2041: 1600:semi-submersible drilling rigs 1518:List of types of naval vessels 1290:departs from Southampton. Her 1000:led the first expedition that 190:, totaling almost 1.8 billion 46:Container Terminal Altenwerder 1: 10415:Naval ship classes in service 6841:"EU Faces Ship Clean-up Call" 6839:Harrabin, R. (25 June 2003). 6656:Watson, T. (30 August 2004). 5667:Anzovin, item # 5393, p. 385 5493:Manguin, Pierre-Yves (2021). 4617:Britannica - History of ships 4553: 4385:List of historical ship types 3982:, and disorders resulting in 3760: 3681:Merchant Shipping Act of 1876 3646:length between perpendiculars 1754:& light vehicle carriers. 1317:. Flat-bottomed and flexible 699:(c. 475–221 BC). By the 664:people") by the Chinese, and 10883:Harbour defence motor launch 10286:Bristol Channel pilot cutter 7421:United Nations Treaty Series 7023:Dutton's Nautical Navigation 6776:McGrath, Matt (2013-05-05). 6429:"Boats – Why do they float?" 6246:Stanislaw R. Massel (1996). 6196:"The First Plane to Germany" 5795:10.17509/historia.v5i1.39181 5122:(2): 130–140. Archived from 4642:Wharton's concise dictionary 4584:Review of Maritime Transport 4558: 4395:List of largest cruise ships 3718:Great Lakes of North America 3605:. Ships can also be used as 3496:around $ 35 million, a 3437:at the Northern Shipyard in 3323: 3300:Vessels are also subject to 3295:computational fluid dynamics 3024: 2645:ballistic missile submarines 2491:was a ship stationed in the 1530:Various vessel types in the 1335:During the 19th century the 267:(the right side is known as 7: 11166:Ballistic missile submarine 11012:Mine countermeasures vessel 8239:Fish diseases and parasites 7506:Fishery Protection Squadron 6949:Central Intelligence Agency 6221:. Academic Press. pp. 6097:Gubbins, Edmund J. (1986). 5508:10.4000/archaeonautica.2397 4924:Curzan, Anne (2003-04-24). 4855:Underhill, Harold (1946) . 4816:Utmost care to Watercourses 4721:Fredrik C. Jonsson (2011). 4121: 3609:, or expended to construct 3085:equals the upward force of 2447:, a tuna boat at work near 2307:. Other species including 800:'s ancient cedar wood ship 10: 11364: 11213:Submarine aircraft carrier 10595:Pre-dreadnought battleship 10405:in 19th and 20th centuries 7265:"The world's biggest ship" 7002:Cutler, Thomas J. (1999). 6887: 6483:Collins English Dictionary 6479:"Ground tackle definition" 6455:"LPG Propulsion Explained" 5776:Averoes, Muhammad (2022). 5726:Turnbull, Stephen (1996). 5336:Dick-Read, Robert (2005). 5313:The Seacraft of Prehistory 5199:Gallaher, Timothy (2014). 4783:Faltinsen, Odd M. (2005). 4036: 3860: 3764: 3695:to derive a fairly simple 3570: 3422: 3388: 3108: 3074: 2934:diesel–electric powertrain 2831: 2766:, or three in the case of 2739: 2724: 2665:submarine-launched nuclear 2626:U.S. Naval Vessel Register 2535:voluntary merchant vessels 2497:marine weather forecasting 2465: 2339:, beach seine, lift nets, 2148: 2049:, also called lakers, are 1845:Special-purpose vessels – 1511: 1429:In 2008, there were 1,240 1426:and 15% were other types. 1296:tighter safety regulations 1128:proved that access to the 719:Mediterranean developments 552:originated in what is now 465: 432: 428: 216: 18: 11312: 11231: 11151: 11108:General stores issue ship 11040: 10994: 10936: 10850: 10777:Amphibious transport dock 10769: 10698: 10618: 10570: 10552:Merchant aircraft carrier 10542:Interdiction Assault Ship 10482: 10410: 10349: 10278: 10232: 10166: 10050: 10030: 9957: 9866: 9810: 9716: 9670: 9582: 9482: 9467: 9298: 9214: 9138: 9107: 9026: 8945: 8889: 8831: 8788: 8700: 8689: 8640: 8557: 8526: 8473: 8445:Gathering seafood by hand 8420: 8382: 8329: 8296: 8285: 8219: 8156: 8138: 8115: 8064: 8026: 7563:Traditional fishing boats 7553: 7542: 7481: 7363:Stopford, Martin (1997). 7090:Georgen, William (2005). 6213:Hans Ulrich Roll (1965). 5912:October 18, 2011, at the 5708:Woodman, Richard (1987). 5606:10.1017/S002246340000446X 5380:10.1017/S0041977X00133105 5217:10.13140/RG.2.1.2571.4648 5110:Doran, Edwin Jr. (1974). 5018:Jett, Stephen C. (2017). 4896:Chief of Naval Operations 4484:Ultra Large Crude Carrier 4274:Nuclear marine propulsion 4093:polychlorinated biphenyls 3830:Oil Pollution Act of 1990 3559:are often converted into 3384: 3173:is found by the formula: 3049:Safety equipment such as 2881:, or less frequently, an 2386:, or driven aboard as in 2378:in break-bulk, packed in 2374:, packed directly onto a 2201:, offshore supply, tugs, 2057:. The most well-known is 929:Mongol invasions of Japan 546:at around 2500–2350 BCE. 56: 31: 11186:Deep-submergence vehicle 11176:Cruise missile submarine 11103:Fast combat support ship 10746:Guided-missile destroyer 10604:Standard-type battleship 9980:Iron-hulled sailing ship 8259:Individual fishing quota 7491:Commercial fishing boats 6895:Anzovin, Steven (2000). 6103:. Taylor & Francis. 5886:"The Columbian Exchange" 5860:Love, Ronald S. (2006). 5751:Bowring, Philip (2019). 5655:The Philadelphia Museums 5311:Johnstone, Paul (1980). 5294:Needham, Joseph (1971). 5243:Doran, Edwin B. (1981). 4979:Adams, Jonathan (2013). 4671:Goldstein, Jack (2014). 4500: 4097:personal injury lawsuits 3917:catch fell from 204,000 3042:Cargo equipment such as 2946:carbon-neutral shipping. 2614:amphibious warfare ships 1884:amphibious warfare ships 1748:refrigerated cargo ships 1480:The size of the world's 970:used large ships called 743:, c. 2nd century AD 680:or jong was recorded in 660:(崑崙舶, lit. "ship of the 462:Prehistory and antiquity 10782:Amphibious warfare ship 10492:Amphibious assault ship 9789:Square-rigged caravel ( 8876:Roll-on/roll-off (RORO) 8775:Roll-on/roll-off (RORO) 7400:Encyclopædia Britannica 7369:. New York: Routledge. 7204:Encyclopædia Britannica 7117:. Cornell Maritime Pr. 6959:. Skyhorse Publishing. 6955:CIA World Factbook 2008 6578:Herman, Arthur (2012). 6021:Encyclopedia Britannica 5830:Hikayat Raja-Raja Pasai 5818:Hikayat Raja-Raja Pasai 5710:The History of the Ship 5048:m.classic.searoutes.com 4951:Casson, Lionel (1995). 4870:Palmer, Joseph (1975). 4830:Bennett, Jenny (2005). 4586:, United Nations: 104, 4380:List of fictional ships 3121:German battleship 2735: 2696:offshore patrol vessels 2462:Special purpose vessels 2191:liquefied petroleum gas 1581:Platform supply vessels 1445:1.35 million tons, the 1166:world population growth 1004:the globe in 1519–1522. 963:"(거북선), was developed. 802:Praise of the Two Lands 627:, the precursor to the 574:Maritime Southeast Asia 57:General characteristics 10858:Armed boarding steamer 10822:Landing Ship Logistics 10817:Landing ship, infantry 10643:Guided missile cruiser 10547:Light aircraft carrier 8917:Platform supply vessel 8730:Coastal trading vessel 8140:Builders and designers 7151:Lavery, Brian (2004). 6283:Monthly Weather Review 4727:. Paladin Press, U S. 4704:Naval History Magazine 4239:Marine fuel management 4101:workers' health claims 4080: 4003: 3872: 3787: 3672: 3586: 3534: 3441: 3354: 3336: 3308:as well as effects of 3271: 3216: 3144:wave making resistance 3139: 3131: 2963: 2843: 2755: 2630:carrier-borne aircraft 2563: 2484: 2451: 2388:roll-on roll-off ships 2253:fish processing vessel 2167: 2010: 1979: 1534: 1403: 1339:enforced a ban on the 1299: 1277: 1255: 1055:, based on the Arabic 1005: 986:Replica of Magellan's 924: 744: 728: 648:Indonesian archipelago 558:Austronesian Expansion 511: 492: 386:Great Lakes freighters 311: 65:Greater than 500 11058:Auxiliary repair dock 11007:Destroyer minesweeper 10903:Ocean boarding vessel 10807:Landing Craft Support 10802:Landing craft carrier 10522:Fighter catapult ship 10321:Pinnace (ship's boat) 9683:Chinese treasure ship 8902:Diving support vessel 7226:on February 21, 2007. 6418:Cutler, 1999, p. 224. 6063:www.marineinsight.com 5850:". Discovery Channel. 5647:Wilfred Harvey Schoff 5463:10.4000/archipel.2078 4454:Maersk Triple E class 4405:List of longest ships 4390:List of Panamax ports 4179:Chartering (shipping) 4108:environmental concern 4071: 4001: 3870: 3774: 3670: 3590:over 100 years. 3580: 3525: 3518:Repair and conversion 3432: 3342: 3331: 3272: 3217: 3137: 3118: 3066:Design considerations 2958: 2841: 2749: 2725:Further information: 2706:which are designated 2620:were used during the 2548: 2475: 2443: 2380:intermodal containers 2297:Chilean jack mackerel 2195:liquefied natural gas 2158: 2070:Saint Lawrence Seaway 2053:vessels that ply the 1985: 1970: 1896:coastal defence ships 1757:Liquid cargo ships – 1571:wing in ground effect 1529: 1385: 1315:Industrial Revolution 1309:, contended with the 1283: 1261: 1245: 998:Juan Sebastián Elcano 985: 978:European developments 923:from the 16th century 918: 821:Great Pyramid of Giza 734: 726: 697:Warring States period 498: 480: 468:Ships of ancient Rome 433:Further information: 230: 217:Further information: 21:Ship (disambiguation) 11284:Littoral combat ship 10837:Landing Ship Vehicle 10580:Coastal defence ship 10336:Thames sailing barge 10167:Recreational vessels 8907:Emergency tow vessel 8249:Fisheries management 7132:Huber, Mark (2001). 6407:Princeton University 6017:"Naval architecture" 5416:10.17875/gup2008-416 4627:Cutler 1999, p. 620. 4329:Vessel safety survey 3784:Prince William Sound 3689:Member of Parliament 3234: 3179: 2930:transverse thrusters 2887:wave propulsion fins 2842:A ship's engine room 2449:Victoria, Seychelles 2118:St. Marys Challenger 1934:replenishment oilers 1801:Luxury and cruising 1657:fishing vessels and 1608:production platforms 1559:surface effect ships 1343:, acted to suppress 1204:improve this section 1118:European exploration 1075:Christopher Columbus 1067:, as in the carrack 876:improve this article 550:Austronesian peoples 349:Particularly in the 231:Main parts of ship. 194:. Of these 28% were 19:For other uses, see 11138:Replenishment oiler 11041:Command and support 10827:Landing Ship Medium 10690:Unprotected cruiser 10532:Flight deck cruiser 10357:Nautical operations 10291:Floating restaurant 10179:Ljungström sailboat 9759:Full-rigged pinnace 9034:Nautical operations 8978:Floating restaurant 8760:Lighter aboard ship 8407:Fishing tournaments 8269:Sustainable fishery 6917:Bowditch, Nathaniel 6872:on October 12, 2002 6751:European Parliament 6296:1967MWRv...95..121E 6123:UNFAO, 2007, p. 28. 6087:UNFAO, 2007, p. 11. 5963:UNFAO, 2007, p. 25. 5816:Hill (June 1960). " 5448:Jákl, Jiří (2020). 4906:on January 14, 2009 4415:Lists of shipwrecks 4254:Nautical operations 4184:Dynamic positioning 4085:developed countries 4072:Ship breaking near 3533:on a mooring winch. 3404:ventilation plans. 3346:Freedom of the Seas 3302:ocean surface waves 3119:Aerial view of the 3097:sense as well as a 2903:gas turbine engines 2818:composite materials 2700:replenishment ships 2647:. Until the end of 2521:Great Storm of 1987 2129:, built in 1898 as 2121:, built in 1906 as 1750:, timber carriers, 1410:of more than 1,000 1248:Battle of Trafalgar 131:navigable waterways 28: 11254:Breastwork monitor 11118:Joint support ship 11073:Combat stores ship 10868:Coastal motor boat 10832:Landing Ship, Tank 10812:Landing Ship Heavy 10711:Convoy rescue ship 10537:Helicopter carrier 9474:and other vessels 9468:Naval and merchant 8988:Merchant submarine 8663:Maritime transport 8349:Commercial fishing 8321:History of fishing 7366:Maritime economics 7269:The Times of India 7194:"Navigation" 7051:Miramar Ship Index 6898:Famous First Facts 6371:United States Navy 5649:(Secretary of the 5540:Tom, K.S. (1989). 5390:– via JSTOR. 5203:Pandanus tectorius 4259:Naval architecture 4234:Marine electronics 4081: 4004: 3873: 3788: 3673: 3587: 3550:sacrificial anodes 3535: 3486:general cargo ship 3442: 3391:Naval architecture 3355: 3337: 3267: 3263: 3242: 3212: 3208: 3187: 3140: 3132: 2964: 2875:propulsion systems 2844: 2828:Propulsion systems 2801:for steering, and 2756: 2727:Naval architecture 2715:marine electronics 2661:nuclear propulsion 2564: 2561:replenishment ship 2485: 2452: 2376:general cargo ship 2301:Largehead hairtail 2222:gas turbine engine 2220:or, less usually, 2168: 2097:that bypasses the 2011: 2001:in the harbour of 1980: 1971:Passenger ship of 1840:Recreational boats 1752:livestock carriers 1703:Floating dry docks 1535: 1522:List of boat types 1404: 1300: 1278: 1256: 1116:. After Columbus, 1051:, designed by the 1006: 994:Ferdinand Magellan 925: 911:Asian developments 836:By 1200 B.C., the 745: 741:"Ship Sarcophagus" 729: 633:maritime silk road 516:maritime transport 512: 493: 473:Asian developments 419:grammatical gender 384:. Others include 344:center of buoyancy 312: 26: 11335: 11334: 11239:Armed merchantman 11181:Cruiser submarine 11171:Coastal submarine 10938:Fast attack craft 10792:Dock landing ship 10670:Protected cruiser 10653:Pocket battleship 10610:Treaty battleship 10600:Super-dreadnought 10484:Aircraft carriers 10432:Operational zones 10365: 10364: 10194:Sailing hydrofoil 10046: 10045: 9965:Blackwall frigate 9888:Baltimore Clipper 9062: 9061: 8765:Livestock carrier 8668:Freight transport 8599: 8598: 8402:Catch and release 8306:Artisanal fishing 8254:Fisheries science 8234:Diversity of fish 8174: 8173: 7376:978-0-415-15309-6 7293:978-0-87033-056-8 7255:978-0-86138-055-8 7183:978-1-58816-089-8 7162:978-0-7566-0496-7 7143:978-0-87033-528-0 7124:978-0-87033-549-5 7105:978-0-87033-564-8 7032:978-1-55750-248-3 7013:978-1-55750-065-6 6966:978-1-60239-080-5 6936:978-0-939837-54-0 6908:978-0-8242-0958-2 6589:978-1-4000-6964-4 6375:"U.S. Navy Ships" 6259:978-981-02-2109-6 6232:978-0-12-593650-7 6173:Popular Mechanics 6151:978-0-405-13081-6 6110:978-2-88124-063-8 6002:978-2-903539-46-7 5981:UNFAO 2005, p. 9. 5972:UNFAO 2005, p. 6. 5578:978-92-9223-414-0 5426:978-3-940344-12-0 5072:. Canberra, ACT. 5029:978-0-8173-1939-7 4937:978-1-139-43668-7 4796:978-0-521-84568-7 4769:978-1-4081-7614-6 4734:978-1-61004-669-5 4684:978-1-78333-525-1 4651:978-81-7534-783-0 4593:978-92-1-112904-5 4112:environmental law 3994:Exhaust emissions 3890:Mnemiopsis leidyi 3675:In Britain until 3265: 3262: 3241: 3210: 3207: 3186: 2980:Ducted propellers 2905:on faster ships. 2834:Marine propulsion 2742:Hull (watercraft) 2708:medical treatment 2673:cluster munitions 2641:attack submarines 2590:aircraft carriers 2517:tropical cyclones 2476:The weather ship 2361:hand-line fishing 2357:long-line fishing 2139:Saginaw, Michigan 2061:Edmund Fitzgerald 1973:Köln-Düsseldorfer 1880:aircraft carriers 1775:chemical carriers 1736:container vessels 1532:Port of Rotterdam 1449:504,660 tons and 1240: 1239: 1232: 1112:was developed in 1092:was developed in 1077:. This increased 908: 907: 900: 809:ancient Egyptians 787:ships sailed the 777:25th centuries BC 119: 118: 11355: 11274:Floating battery 11208:Midget submarine 11161:Attack submarine 11143:Submarine tender 11093:Destroyer tender 10923:Submarine chaser 10787:Attack transport 10731:Escort destroyer 10726:Destroyer leader 10721:Destroyer escort 10628:Aircraft cruiser 10442:Green-water navy 10437:Brown-water navy 10392: 10385: 10378: 10369: 10368: 9934:Ship of the line 9858:Ship of the line 9480: 9479: 9476:(by origin date) 9255:Full-rigged ship 9156:Fore-and-aft rig 9125:Age of Discovery 9120:Maritime history 9089: 9082: 9075: 9066: 9065: 9013:Semi-submersible 8998:Pipe-laying ship 8695: 8678:Maritime history 8626: 8619: 8612: 8603: 8602: 8587: 8586: 8575: 8574: 8544:Fishing villages 8483:Artificial flies 8450:Handline fishing 8397:Big-game fishing 8291: 8201: 8194: 8187: 8178: 8177: 8164: 8163: 8148:Philip C. Bolger 7828:Monterey clipper 7708:Friendship sloop 7548: 7521:Research vessels 7468: 7461: 7454: 7445: 7444: 7439: 7433: 7425: 7417: 7404: 7392: 7380: 7359: 7357: 7356: 7350: 7343: 7328: 7326: 7325: 7319: 7312: 7297: 7278: 7276: 7275: 7259: 7240: 7227: 7225: 7218: 7208: 7196: 7187: 7166: 7147: 7128: 7109: 7097: 7086: 7084: 7083: 7060: 7058: 7057: 7048: 7036: 7017: 6998: 6987: 6976: 6974: 6973: 6958: 6944: 6939:. Archived from 6925:. Bethesda, MD: 6912: 6881: 6880: 6878: 6877: 6862: 6856: 6855: 6853: 6851: 6836: 6825: 6818: 6812: 6802: 6793: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6773: 6767: 6766: 6764: 6763: 6747: 6741: 6740: 6738: 6737: 6722: 6709: 6706: 6691: 6690: 6679: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6653: 6647: 6641: 6635: 6629: 6623: 6622: 6616: 6608: 6600: 6594: 6593: 6575: 6569: 6568: 6550: 6544: 6529: 6523: 6522: 6520: 6519: 6504: 6498: 6497: 6495: 6494: 6475: 6469: 6468: 6466: 6465: 6451: 6445: 6444: 6442: 6440: 6425: 6419: 6416: 6410: 6401:(definition via 6396: 6390: 6389: 6387: 6386: 6366: 6360: 6359: 6348: 6342: 6341: 6330: 6324: 6323: 6321: 6320: 6307: 6279: 6270: 6264: 6263: 6243: 6237: 6236: 6220: 6210: 6204: 6203: 6191: 6185: 6184: 6165: 6156: 6155: 6135: 6124: 6121: 6115: 6114: 6094: 6088: 6085: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6070: 6065:. 25 August 2019 6055: 6049: 6046: 6040: 6037: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6027: 6013: 6007: 6006: 5988: 5982: 5979: 5973: 5970: 5964: 5961: 5948: 5945: 5939: 5936: 5930: 5929: 5922: 5916: 5904: 5898: 5897: 5892:. Archived from 5882: 5876: 5875: 5857: 5851: 5844: 5838: 5814: 5808: 5807: 5797: 5773: 5767: 5766: 5748: 5742: 5741: 5723: 5717: 5716: 5705: 5699: 5698: 5678: 5672: 5665: 5659: 5658: 5632: 5626: 5625: 5589: 5583: 5582: 5562: 5553: 5538: 5529: 5528: 5510: 5490: 5484: 5483: 5465: 5445: 5439: 5438: 5418: 5398: 5392: 5391: 5363: 5357: 5356: 5348: 5342: 5341: 5333: 5327: 5326: 5308: 5299: 5292: 5286: 5285: 5265: 5259: 5258: 5240: 5231: 5230: 5196: 5190: 5189: 5169: 5163: 5162: 5144: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5131: 5112:"Outrigger Ages" 5107: 5098: 5097: 5091: 5083: 5065: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5040: 5034: 5033: 5015: 5009: 5008: 5002: 4994: 4976: 4967: 4966: 4948: 4942: 4941: 4921: 4915: 4914: 4912: 4911: 4892: 4886: 4885: 4867: 4861: 4860: 4852: 4846: 4845: 4827: 4821: 4820: 4810: 4801: 4800: 4780: 4774: 4773: 4753: 4747: 4746: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4695: 4689: 4688: 4668: 4662: 4661: 4658: 4634: 4628: 4625: 4619: 4614: 4605: 4604: 4581: 4572: 4547: 4544: 4532: 4524: 4518: 4511: 4362:Ship model basin 4244:Maritime history 4152: 4150:Transport portal 4147: 4146: 4138: 4133: 4132: 3949:, introduce new 3615:artificial reefs 3531:needlegun scaler 3373:to service as a 3276: 3274: 3273: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3260: 3254: 3243: 3239: 3221: 3219: 3218: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3205: 3199: 3188: 3184: 3126:, showing a 39° 2951:Steering systems 2907:Nuclear reactors 2797:for propulsion, 2622:Second World War 2575:surface warships 2573:. They include: 2551:aircraft carrier 2396:chemical tankers 2293:Japanese anchovy 2285:Atlantic herring 2242:research vessels 2226:pump-jet engines 2123:William P Snyder 2034:Rivers, and the 1930:ammunition ships 1851:research vessels 1724:tramp freighters 1663:handline fishing 1624:fishing trawlers 1543:High-speed craft 1538:architects are: 1467:Falkland Islands 1330:ship of the line 1270:Amerigo Vespucci 1266:full-rigged ship 1246:Painting of the 1235: 1228: 1224: 1221: 1215: 1184: 1176: 1098:Crown of Castile 1018:Hanseatic League 903: 896: 892: 889: 883: 860: 852: 582:Island Melanesia 453:classical period 435:Maritime history 401:individual names 50:Hamburg, Germany 36: 29: 25: 16:Large watercraft 11363: 11362: 11358: 11357: 11356: 11354: 11353: 11352: 11338: 11337: 11336: 11331: 11325:Sailing vessels 11308: 11227: 11198:Fleet submarine 11147: 11128:Net laying ship 11053:Ammunition ship 11036: 10990: 10932: 10846: 10765: 10694: 10685:Torpedo cruiser 10665:Merchant raider 10633:Armored cruiser 10614: 10590:Fast battleship 10566: 10557:Seaplane tender 10502:Balloon carrier 10478: 10462:Central battery 10447:Blue-water navy 10406: 10396: 10366: 10361: 10345: 10274: 10228: 10162: 10051:Fishing vessels 10042: 10026: 9953: 9862: 9806: 9712: 9666: 9578: 9542:Tessarakonteres 9475: 9473: 9469: 9463: 9384:Outrigger canoe 9294: 9210: 9134: 9103: 9093: 9063: 9058: 9022: 9003:Research vessel 8993:Narco-submarine 8941: 8885: 8827: 8813:Hydrogen tanker 8798:Chemical tanker 8784: 8745:Heavy-lift ship 8696: 8687: 8673:Merchant marine 8636: 8630: 8600: 8595: 8553: 8549:Marine habitats 8522: 8493:Bite indicators 8469: 8416: 8378: 8325: 8292: 8283: 8215: 8205: 8175: 8170: 8152: 8134: 8111: 8060: 8022: 7613:Brixham trawler 7549: 7540: 7477: 7475:Fishing vessels 7472: 7442: 7427: 7426: 7415: 7377: 7354: 7352: 7348: 7341: 7323: 7321: 7317: 7310: 7294: 7273: 7271: 7256: 7223: 7216: 7184: 7163: 7144: 7125: 7106: 7081: 7079: 7055: 7053: 7033: 7014: 6971: 6969: 6967: 6937: 6909: 6890: 6885: 6884: 6875: 6873: 6864: 6863: 6859: 6849: 6847: 6837: 6828: 6819: 6815: 6803: 6796: 6786: 6784: 6774: 6770: 6761: 6759: 6748: 6744: 6735: 6733: 6724: 6723: 6712: 6707: 6694: 6681: 6680: 6676: 6666: 6664: 6654: 6650: 6642: 6638: 6630: 6626: 6610: 6609: 6607:. Archon Books. 6601: 6597: 6590: 6576: 6572: 6565: 6551: 6547: 6530: 6526: 6517: 6515: 6505: 6501: 6492: 6490: 6477: 6476: 6472: 6463: 6461: 6453: 6452: 6448: 6438: 6436: 6427: 6426: 6422: 6417: 6413: 6397: 6393: 6384: 6382: 6367: 6363: 6349: 6345: 6332: 6331: 6327: 6318: 6316: 6305:10.1.1.395.1891 6277: 6271: 6267: 6260: 6244: 6240: 6233: 6211: 6207: 6200:Popular Science 6192: 6188: 6167: 6166: 6159: 6152: 6136: 6127: 6122: 6118: 6111: 6095: 6091: 6086: 6077: 6068: 6066: 6057: 6056: 6052: 6047: 6043: 6038: 6034: 6025: 6023: 6015: 6014: 6010: 6003: 5989: 5985: 5980: 5976: 5971: 5967: 5962: 5951: 5946: 5942: 5937: 5933: 5924: 5923: 5919: 5914:Wayback Machine 5905: 5901: 5884: 5883: 5879: 5872: 5858: 5854: 5845: 5841: 5815: 5811: 5774: 5770: 5763: 5749: 5745: 5738: 5728:Samurai Warfare 5724: 5720: 5706: 5702: 5679: 5675: 5666: 5662: 5633: 5629: 5590: 5586: 5579: 5563: 5556: 5539: 5532: 5501:(21): 137–140. 5491: 5487: 5446: 5442: 5427: 5399: 5395: 5364: 5360: 5349: 5345: 5334: 5330: 5323: 5309: 5302: 5293: 5289: 5282: 5266: 5262: 5255: 5241: 5234: 5227: 5197: 5193: 5186: 5170: 5166: 5159: 5145: 5138: 5129: 5127: 5108: 5101: 5085: 5084: 5080: 5066: 5062: 5052: 5050: 5042: 5041: 5037: 5030: 5016: 5012: 4996: 4995: 4991: 4977: 4970: 4963: 4949: 4945: 4938: 4922: 4918: 4909: 4907: 4893: 4889: 4882: 4868: 4864: 4853: 4849: 4842: 4828: 4824: 4811: 4804: 4797: 4781: 4777: 4770: 4754: 4750: 4735: 4719: 4715: 4696: 4692: 4685: 4669: 4665: 4656: 4652: 4636: 4635: 4631: 4626: 4622: 4615: 4608: 4594: 4579: 4573: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4550: 4545: 4541: 4536: 4535: 4525: 4521: 4512: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4419: 4348: 4148: 4141: 4134: 4127: 4124: 4063:ship graveyards 4048:ship demolition 4041: 4035: 3996: 3913:industry. "The 3893:, a species of 3865: 3859: 3769: 3763: 3735: 3727:marine industry 3677:Samuel Plimsoll 3634: 3632:Measuring ships 3575: 3569: 3520: 3427: 3421: 3397:naval architect 3393: 3387: 3326: 3318:fin stabilizers 3277: 3258: 3253: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3231: 3222: 3203: 3198: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3176: 3113: 3107: 3079: 3073: 3068: 3027: 3003: 2953: 2836: 2830: 2754:in bad weather. 2744: 2738: 2729: 2723: 2677:nuclear weapons 2669:cruise missiles 2634:guided missiles 2583:auxiliary ships 2571:types of vessel 2569:are diverse in 2556:Harry S. Truman 2543: 2470: 2464: 2455:Fishing vessels 2410:Passenger ships 2404:tank containers 2238:engine officers 2183:passenger ships 2175:fishing vessels 2161:container ships 2153: 2147: 2047:Lake freighters 2044: 1965: 1926:Auxiliary ships 1781:Passenger ships 1689:salvage vessels 1618:Fishing vessels 1524: 1510: 1486:Fishing vessels 1424:container ships 1388:Colombo Express 1380: 1275:New York Harbor 1236: 1225: 1219: 1216: 1201: 1185: 1174: 1102:Crown of Aragon 1036:, trade in the 1002:circumnavigated 980: 913: 904: 893: 887: 884: 873: 861: 850: 828:Late Bronze Age 815:skills was the 721: 570:crab claw sails 475: 470: 464: 441: 431: 225: 215: 204:container ships 202:, and 13% were 192:deadweight tons 103:(reciprocating) 52: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11361: 11351: 11350: 11333: 11332: 11330: 11329: 11328: 11327: 11316: 11314: 11310: 11309: 11307: 11306: 11301: 11296: 11291: 11286: 11281: 11276: 11271: 11266: 11261: 11256: 11251: 11246: 11241: 11235: 11233: 11229: 11228: 11226: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11210: 11205: 11200: 11195: 11194: 11193: 11183: 11178: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11157: 11155: 11149: 11148: 11146: 11145: 11140: 11135: 11130: 11125: 11120: 11115: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11063:Auxiliary ship 11060: 11055: 11050: 11048:Amenities ship 11044: 11042: 11038: 11037: 11035: 11034: 11029: 11024: 11019: 11014: 11009: 11004: 10998: 10996: 10992: 10991: 10989: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10953: 10948: 10942: 10940: 10934: 10933: 10931: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10918:Steam gun boat 10915: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10890: 10885: 10880: 10875: 10870: 10865: 10860: 10854: 10852: 10848: 10847: 10845: 10844: 10839: 10834: 10829: 10824: 10819: 10814: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10773: 10771: 10767: 10766: 10764: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10708: 10702: 10700: 10696: 10695: 10693: 10692: 10687: 10682: 10680:Strike cruiser 10677: 10672: 10667: 10662: 10657: 10656: 10655: 10645: 10640: 10635: 10630: 10624: 10622: 10616: 10615: 10613: 10612: 10607: 10597: 10592: 10587: 10582: 10576: 10574: 10568: 10567: 10565: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10517:Escort carrier 10514: 10509: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10488: 10486: 10480: 10479: 10477: 10476: 10475: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10453:Gun placement 10451: 10450: 10449: 10444: 10439: 10429: 10428: 10427: 10422: 10411: 10408: 10407: 10395: 10394: 10387: 10380: 10372: 10363: 10362: 10360: 10359: 10353: 10351: 10347: 10346: 10344: 10343: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10311:Norfolk wherry 10308: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10282: 10280: 10276: 10275: 10273: 10272: 10267: 10262: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10236: 10234: 10230: 10229: 10227: 10226: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10209:Trailer sailer 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10189:Pocket cruiser 10186: 10181: 10176: 10170: 10168: 10164: 10163: 10161: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10135: 10130: 10125: 10120: 10115: 10110: 10105: 10100: 10095: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10060: 10054: 10052: 10048: 10047: 10044: 10043: 10041: 10040: 10038:Montagu whaler 10034: 10032: 10028: 10027: 10025: 10024: 10019: 10014: 10009: 10004: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9988: 9987: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9961: 9959: 9955: 9954: 9952: 9951: 9946: 9941: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9916: 9911: 9906: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9881: 9876: 9870: 9868: 9864: 9863: 9861: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9825: 9820: 9814: 9812: 9808: 9807: 9805: 9804: 9799: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9720: 9718: 9714: 9713: 9711: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9674: 9672: 9668: 9667: 9665: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9588: 9586: 9584:Post-classical 9580: 9579: 9577: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9550: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9524: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9502:Borobudur ship 9499: 9494: 9488: 9486: 9477: 9465: 9464: 9462: 9461: 9456: 9451: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9421: 9416: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9391: 9386: 9381: 9376: 9371: 9366: 9361: 9356: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9305: 9303: 9296: 9295: 9293: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9260:Jackass-barque 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9221: 9219: 9212: 9211: 9209: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9183: 9181:Ljungström rig 9178: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9148: 9142: 9140: 9136: 9135: 9133: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9117: 9111: 9109: 9105: 9104: 9092: 9091: 9084: 9077: 9069: 9060: 9059: 9057: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9041: 9036: 9030: 9028: 9024: 9023: 9021: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8973:Fishing vessel 8970: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8949: 8947: 8943: 8942: 8940: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8893: 8891: 8887: 8886: 8884: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8837: 8835: 8829: 8828: 8826: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8794: 8792: 8786: 8785: 8783: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8755:Lake freighter 8752: 8747: 8742: 8740:Container ship 8737: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8706: 8704: 8698: 8697: 8690: 8688: 8686: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8644: 8642: 8638: 8637: 8634:merchant ships 8629: 8628: 8621: 8614: 8606: 8597: 8596: 8594: 8593: 8581: 8569: 8564: 8558: 8555: 8554: 8552: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8530: 8528: 8524: 8523: 8521: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8479: 8477: 8471: 8470: 8468: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8426: 8424: 8418: 8417: 8415: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8388: 8386: 8380: 8379: 8377: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8335: 8333: 8327: 8326: 8324: 8323: 8318: 8316:Fishing vessel 8313: 8308: 8302: 8300: 8294: 8293: 8286: 8284: 8282: 8281: 8279:Wild fisheries 8276: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8225: 8223: 8217: 8216: 8204: 8203: 8196: 8189: 8181: 8172: 8171: 8169: 8168: 8157: 8154: 8153: 8151: 8150: 8144: 8142: 8136: 8135: 8133: 8132: 8127: 8121: 8119: 8113: 8112: 8110: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8068: 8066: 8062: 8061: 8059: 8058: 8053: 8051:McKenzie River 8048: 8043: 8038: 8032: 8030: 8024: 8023: 8021: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7559: 7557: 7551: 7550: 7543: 7541: 7539: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7487: 7485: 7479: 7478: 7471: 7470: 7463: 7456: 7448: 7441: 7440: 7405: 7395:Chisholm, Hugh 7381: 7375: 7360: 7329: 7298: 7292: 7279: 7260: 7254: 7241: 7239:on 2008-12-09. 7228: 7209: 7199:Chisholm, Hugh 7188: 7182: 7167: 7161: 7148: 7142: 7129: 7123: 7110: 7104: 7087: 7061: 7037: 7031: 7018: 7012: 6999: 6988: 6977: 6965: 6945: 6943:on 2007-06-24. 6935: 6913: 6907: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6883: 6882: 6866:"Shipbreaking" 6857: 6826: 6813: 6794: 6768: 6742: 6710: 6692: 6689:on 2006-09-25. 6674: 6648: 6636: 6624: 6595: 6588: 6570: 6563: 6545: 6524: 6513:Marine Insight 6499: 6470: 6446: 6420: 6411: 6391: 6361: 6343: 6325: 6265: 6258: 6238: 6231: 6205: 6186: 6157: 6150: 6125: 6116: 6109: 6089: 6075: 6050: 6041: 6032: 6008: 6001: 5983: 5974: 5965: 5949: 5940: 5931: 5917: 5899: 5896:on 2011-07-26. 5877: 5870: 5852: 5839: 5809: 5768: 5761: 5743: 5736: 5718: 5700: 5673: 5660: 5627: 5600:(2): 266–276. 5584: 5577: 5554: 5530: 5499:Archaeonautica 5485: 5456:(100): 69–90. 5440: 5425: 5393: 5358: 5343: 5328: 5322:978-0674795952 5321: 5300: 5287: 5280: 5260: 5253: 5232: 5225: 5191: 5184: 5164: 5158:978-0415100540 5157: 5136: 5099: 5079:978-0731521326 5078: 5060: 5035: 5028: 5010: 4989: 4968: 4961: 4943: 4936: 4916: 4898:(March 2001). 4887: 4880: 4862: 4847: 4840: 4822: 4802: 4795: 4775: 4768: 4748: 4733: 4713: 4690: 4683: 4663: 4650: 4629: 4620: 4606: 4592: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4549: 4548: 4538: 4537: 4534: 4533: 4519: 4505: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4425: 4418: 4417: 4412: 4410:Lists of ships 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4347: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4304:Ship transport 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4169:Auxiliary ship 4166: 4161: 4155: 4154: 4153: 4139: 4123: 4120: 4037:Main article: 4034: 4031: 3995: 3992: 3972:microorganisms 3931:horse mackerel 3877:container ship 3861:Main article: 3858: 3855: 3850:European Union 3824:Following the 3813:, about 1,000 3765:Main article: 3762: 3759: 3734: 3733:Ship pollution 3731: 3710:load line mark 3706:freeboard mark 3687:. Plimsoll, a 3654:beam (breadth) 3642:length overall 3633: 3630: 3571:Main article: 3568: 3567:End of service 3565: 3519: 3516: 3476:Ship launching 3439:Gdańsk, Poland 3435:ship launching 3423:Main article: 3420: 3417: 3386: 3383: 3325: 3322: 3257: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3230: 3202: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3175: 3111:Fluid dynamics 3109:Main article: 3106: 3103: 3075:Main article: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3063: 3062: 3059:survival suits 3047: 3040: 3037: 3026: 3023: 3002: 2999: 2987:outboard motor 2952: 2949: 2938:electric motor 2832:Main article: 2829: 2826: 2822:concrete hulls 2740:Main article: 2737: 2734: 2722: 2719: 2704:hospital ships 2653:homing torpedo 2542: 2539: 2466:Main article: 2463: 2460: 2434:inland ferries 2384:container ship 2305:Yellowfin tuna 2273:Alaska pollock 2171:Merchant ships 2149:Main article: 2146: 2143: 2043: 2040: 1964: 1963:Inland vessels 1961: 1957: 1956: 1954:Hospital ships 1951: 1950: 1949: 1923: 1892:battlecruisers 1868: 1862: 1855:survey vessels 1843: 1837: 1820: 1811: 1810: 1809: 1799: 1793: 1778: 1755: 1740:barge carriers 1716: 1715: 1714: 1700: 1678: 1667: 1666: 1665: 1647: 1615: 1574: 1514:Lists of ships 1509: 1508:Types of ships 1506: 1463:United Kingdom 1447:United Kingdom 1379: 1376: 1353:clipper routes 1238: 1237: 1188: 1186: 1179: 1173: 1170: 1022:Byzantine navy 979: 976: 966:The empire of 912: 909: 906: 905: 864: 862: 855: 849: 846: 791:as far as the 771:, between the 720: 717: 666:kolandiaphonta 631:route and the 617:Southern India 540:maritime trade 490:crab claw sail 486:outrigger boat 474: 471: 463: 460: 430: 427: 423:natural gender 340:center of mass 309:Superstructure 214: 211: 188:merchant ships 163:Ship transport 117: 116: 109: 105: 104: 74: 70: 69: 63: 59: 58: 54: 53: 37: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11360: 11349: 11346: 11345: 11343: 11326: 11323: 11322: 11321: 11318: 11317: 11315: 11311: 11305: 11304:Training ship 11302: 11300: 11299:River monitor 11297: 11295: 11292: 11290: 11287: 11285: 11282: 11280: 11277: 11275: 11272: 11270: 11267: 11265: 11264:Drone carrier 11262: 11260: 11257: 11255: 11252: 11250: 11249:Barracks ship 11247: 11245: 11242: 11240: 11237: 11236: 11234: 11232:Miscellaneous 11230: 11224: 11221: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11203:Human torpedo 11201: 11199: 11196: 11192: 11189: 11188: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11169: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11158: 11156: 11154: 11150: 11144: 11141: 11139: 11136: 11134: 11131: 11129: 11126: 11124: 11123:Naval tugboat 11121: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11113:Hospital ship 11111: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11098:Dispatch boat 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11049: 11046: 11045: 11043: 11039: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10999: 10997: 10993: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10954: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10943: 10941: 10939: 10935: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10898:Naval trawler 10896: 10894: 10893:Naval drifter 10891: 10889: 10886: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10871: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10855: 10853: 10849: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10833: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10797:Landing craft 10795: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10774: 10772: 10768: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10703: 10701: 10697: 10691: 10688: 10686: 10683: 10681: 10678: 10676: 10675:Scout cruiser 10673: 10671: 10668: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10660:Light cruiser 10658: 10654: 10651: 10650: 10649: 10648:Heavy cruiser 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10638:Battlecruiser 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10625: 10623: 10621: 10617: 10611: 10608: 10605: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10581: 10578: 10577: 10575: 10573: 10569: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10527:Fleet carrier 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10507:Battlecarrier 10505: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10489: 10487: 10485: 10481: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10454: 10452: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10434: 10433: 10430: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10417: 10416: 10413: 10412: 10409: 10404: 10400: 10393: 10388: 10386: 10381: 10379: 10374: 10373: 10370: 10358: 10355: 10354: 10352: 10348: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10283: 10281: 10277: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10237: 10235: 10233:Special terms 10231: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10199:Sailing yacht 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10171: 10169: 10165: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10096: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10055: 10053: 10049: 10039: 10036: 10035: 10033: 10029: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9986: 9983: 9982: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9962: 9960: 9956: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9889: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9871: 9869: 9865: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9828:East Indiaman 9826: 9824: 9821: 9819: 9818:Bermuda sloop 9816: 9815: 9813: 9809: 9803: 9800: 9798: 9796: 9792: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9721: 9719: 9715: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9675: 9673: 9669: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9655: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9589: 9587: 9585: 9581: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9519: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9489: 9487: 9485: 9481: 9478: 9472: 9471:sailing ships 9466: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9297: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9222: 9220: 9218: 9213: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9143: 9141: 9137: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9112: 9110: 9106: 9102: 9098: 9090: 9085: 9083: 9078: 9076: 9071: 9070: 9067: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9044:Admiralty law 9042: 9040: 9039:Affreightment 9037: 9035: 9032: 9031: 9029: 9025: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8950: 8948: 8944: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8894: 8892: 8888: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8838: 8836: 8834: 8830: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8795: 8793: 8791: 8787: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8707: 8705: 8703: 8699: 8694: 8684: 8683:Shipping line 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8645: 8643: 8639: 8635: 8627: 8622: 8620: 8615: 8613: 8608: 8607: 8604: 8592: 8591: 8582: 8580: 8579: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8559: 8556: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8539:Fishing banks 8537: 8535: 8532: 8531: 8529: 8525: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8480: 8478: 8476: 8472: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8427: 8425: 8423: 8419: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8389: 8387: 8385: 8381: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8336: 8334: 8332: 8328: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8303: 8301: 8299: 8295: 8290: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8226: 8224: 8222: 8218: 8213: 8209: 8202: 8197: 8195: 8190: 8188: 8183: 8182: 8179: 8167: 8159: 8158: 8155: 8149: 8146: 8145: 8143: 8141: 8137: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8122: 8120: 8118: 8114: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8069: 8067: 8063: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8033: 8031: 8029: 8025: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7893:Perahu payang 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7718:Galway hooker 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7628:Cape Islander 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7560: 7558: 7556: 7552: 7547: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7511:Fishing fleet 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7501:Factory ships 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7488: 7486: 7484: 7480: 7476: 7469: 7464: 7462: 7457: 7455: 7450: 7449: 7446: 7437: 7431: 7423: 7422: 7414: 7410: 7406: 7402: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7385:Watts, Philip 7382: 7378: 7372: 7368: 7367: 7361: 7351:on 2017-12-07 7347: 7340: 7339: 7334: 7330: 7320:on 2011-07-28 7316: 7309: 7308: 7303: 7299: 7295: 7289: 7285: 7280: 7270: 7266: 7261: 7257: 7251: 7247: 7242: 7238: 7234: 7229: 7222: 7215: 7210: 7206: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7189: 7185: 7179: 7175: 7174: 7168: 7164: 7158: 7154: 7149: 7145: 7139: 7135: 7130: 7126: 7120: 7116: 7111: 7107: 7101: 7096: 7095: 7088: 7078:on 2008-04-12 7077: 7073: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7052: 7047: 7045: 7038: 7034: 7028: 7024: 7019: 7015: 7009: 7005: 7000: 6996: 6995: 6989: 6985: 6984: 6978: 6968: 6962: 6957: 6956: 6950: 6946: 6942: 6938: 6932: 6928: 6924: 6923: 6918: 6914: 6910: 6904: 6900: 6899: 6893: 6892: 6871: 6867: 6861: 6846: 6842: 6835: 6833: 6831: 6823: 6817: 6811: 6807: 6801: 6799: 6783: 6779: 6772: 6758: 6757: 6752: 6746: 6732:on 2020-12-16 6731: 6727: 6721: 6719: 6717: 6715: 6705: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6697: 6688: 6684: 6678: 6663: 6659: 6652: 6645: 6640: 6633: 6628: 6620: 6614: 6606: 6599: 6591: 6585: 6581: 6574: 6566: 6564:0-9637586-9-1 6560: 6556: 6549: 6542: 6541:1-85044-049-2 6538: 6534: 6528: 6514: 6510: 6503: 6488: 6484: 6480: 6474: 6460: 6456: 6450: 6434: 6430: 6424: 6415: 6408: 6404: 6400: 6399:Hospital Ship 6395: 6381:on 2008-04-10 6380: 6376: 6372: 6365: 6357: 6356: 6347: 6339: 6338:New Scientist 6335: 6329: 6315: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6297: 6293: 6290:(3): 121–30. 6289: 6285: 6284: 6276: 6269: 6261: 6255: 6251: 6250: 6242: 6234: 6228: 6224: 6219: 6218: 6209: 6201: 6197: 6190: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6164: 6162: 6153: 6147: 6143: 6142: 6134: 6132: 6130: 6120: 6112: 6106: 6102: 6101: 6093: 6084: 6082: 6080: 6064: 6060: 6054: 6045: 6036: 6022: 6018: 6012: 6004: 5998: 5994: 5987: 5978: 5969: 5960: 5958: 5956: 5954: 5944: 5935: 5927: 5921: 5915: 5911: 5908: 5903: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5881: 5873: 5871:0-313-32043-8 5867: 5863: 5856: 5849: 5843: 5836: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5813: 5805: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5772: 5764: 5762:9781788314466 5758: 5754: 5747: 5739: 5737:1-85409-280-4 5733: 5729: 5722: 5715: 5711: 5704: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5677: 5671: 5664: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5642: 5637: 5636:Agatharchides 5631: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5588: 5580: 5574: 5570: 5569: 5561: 5559: 5552:. pp. 103–04. 5551: 5550:0-8248-1285-9 5547: 5543: 5537: 5535: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5489: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5444: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5397: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5362: 5354: 5347: 5339: 5332: 5324: 5318: 5314: 5307: 5305: 5297: 5291: 5283: 5281:9781588395245 5277: 5273: 5272: 5264: 5256: 5254:9780890961070 5250: 5246: 5239: 5237: 5228: 5226:9780824840938 5222: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5204: 5195: 5187: 5185:9780520953833 5181: 5177: 5176: 5168: 5160: 5154: 5150: 5143: 5141: 5126:on 2020-01-18 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5106: 5104: 5095: 5089: 5081: 5075: 5071: 5064: 5049: 5045: 5039: 5031: 5025: 5021: 5014: 5006: 5000: 4992: 4990:9781842172971 4986: 4982: 4975: 4973: 4964: 4962:0-8018-5130-0 4958: 4954: 4947: 4939: 4933: 4929: 4928: 4920: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4891: 4883: 4881:0-356-08258-X 4877: 4873: 4866: 4858: 4851: 4843: 4841:1-86176-243-7 4837: 4833: 4826: 4818: 4817: 4809: 4807: 4798: 4792: 4788: 4787: 4779: 4771: 4765: 4761: 4760: 4752: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4730: 4726: 4725: 4717: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4694: 4686: 4680: 4676: 4675: 4667: 4660: 4653: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4633: 4624: 4618: 4613: 4611: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4589: 4585: 4578: 4571: 4569: 4564: 4543: 4539: 4530: 4523: 4516: 4515:gross tonnage 4510: 4506: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4423: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4377: 4375: 4374: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4354: 4353: 4352: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4309:Ship watching 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4159:Admiralty law 4157: 4156: 4151: 4145: 4140: 4137: 4136:Oceans portal 4131: 4126: 4119: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4104: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4079: 4075: 4070: 4066: 4064: 4060: 4057: 4053: 4052:ship disposal 4050:is a type of 4049: 4045: 4044:Ship breaking 4040: 4039:Ship breaking 4033:Ship breaking 4030: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4011:air pollution 4008: 4000: 3991: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3980:immune system 3977: 3973: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3955: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3891: 3886: 3880: 3878: 3869: 3864: 3857:Ballast water 3854: 3851: 3847: 3846: 3841: 3840: 3835: 3834:double-hulled 3831: 3827: 3822: 3818: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3806: 3799: 3797: 3793: 3785: 3781: 3779: 3773: 3768: 3758: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3747:globalization 3744: 3740: 3730: 3728: 3724: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3702:Plimsoll mark 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3669: 3665: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3638:measure ships 3629: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3591: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3573:Ship disposal 3564: 3562: 3558: 3553: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3538: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3470: 3465: 3461: 3459: 3458:Liberty Ships 3455: 3451: 3447: 3440: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3416: 3414: 3410: 3405: 3401: 3398: 3392: 3382: 3380: 3379:the scrapyard 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3361:, operators, 3360: 3352: 3348: 3347: 3341: 3335: 3330: 3321: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3296: 3291: 3289: 3284: 3282: 3255: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3229: 3227: 3200: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3174: 3172: 3167: 3165: 3161: 3155: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3136: 3129: 3125: 3124: 3117: 3112: 3105:Hydrodynamics 3102: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3078: 3077:Fluid statics 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3045: 3041: 3038: 3035: 3032: 3031: 3030: 3022: 3018: 3016: 3012: 3008: 2998: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2962: 2957: 2948: 2947: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2925: 2923: 2922: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2891:Steam engines 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2871: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2840: 2835: 2825: 2823: 2819: 2814: 2810: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2771: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2760:America's Cup 2753: 2748: 2743: 2733: 2728: 2718: 2716: 2711: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2680: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2659:systems, and 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2637: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2586: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2562: 2558: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2541:Naval vessels 2538: 2536: 2532: 2531: 2526: 2525:weather buoys 2522: 2518: 2512: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2482: 2481: 2474: 2469: 2459: 2456: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2372:bulk carriers 2368: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2289:Chub mackerel 2286: 2282: 2281:Skipjack tuna 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2263:; 94,600,000 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2245: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2234:deck officers 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2166: 2165:San Francisco 2162: 2157: 2152: 2151:Merchant ship 2145:Merchant ship 2142: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2119: 2113: 2111: 2107: 2102: 2100: 2099:Niagara River 2096: 2095:Welland Canal 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2062: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2039: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1978: 1975:on the river 1974: 1969: 1960: 1955: 1952: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1874: 1873: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1818:sailing ships 1815: 1814:Sail training 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1791: 1787: 1784: 1783: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1728:bulk carriers 1725: 1721: 1717: 1712: 1708: 1707:crane vessels 1704: 1701: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1645: 1644:factory ships 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1620: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1594: 1590: 1589:accommodation 1586: 1582: 1578: 1577:Off shore oil 1575: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1551:wave piercers 1548: 1544: 1541: 1540: 1539: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1505: 1503: 1500:; 94,600,000 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1482:fishing fleet 1478: 1476: 1472: 1471:United States 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1439:United States 1436: 1432: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1420:bulk carriers 1417: 1413: 1409: 1408:gross tonnage 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1389: 1384: 1375: 1373: 1368: 1366: 1365:Panama Canals 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1303: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1288: 1282: 1276: 1272: 1271: 1267: 1264: 1260: 1253: 1252:Auguste Mayer 1249: 1244: 1234: 1231: 1223: 1220:December 2019 1213: 1209: 1205: 1199: 1198: 1194: 1189:This section 1187: 1183: 1178: 1177: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1150:Pacific Ocean 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1126:Vasco da Gama 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1071: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1034:North America 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 990: 984: 975: 973: 969: 964: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 922: 917: 902: 899: 891: 888:December 2019 881: 877: 871: 870: 865:This section 863: 859: 854: 853: 845: 843: 839: 834: 832: 829: 824: 822: 818: 814: 810: 805: 803: 799: 796: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 764: 760: 759:Agatharchides 757: 753: 750: 742: 738: 733: 725: 716: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 693: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 658: 653: 649: 644: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 609: 606: 605:dugout canoes 602: 598: 593: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 545: 544:naval warfare 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 510: 506: 502: 497: 491: 487: 483: 479: 469: 459: 456: 454: 450: 445: 440: 436: 426: 424: 420: 415: 413: 408: 406: 402: 397: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 374: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 347: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 318: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 229: 224: 220: 210: 207: 205: 201: 200:bulk carriers 197: 193: 189: 184: 182: 181:square-rigged 178: 175: 171: 166: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 114: 113:sailing ships 110: 107: 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 77:steam turbine 75: 72: 71: 68: 64: 61: 60: 55: 51: 47: 43: 40: 35: 30: 22: 11259:Capital ship 11244:Arsenal ship 11083:Crane vessel 11078:Command ship 11017:Mine planter 10995:Mine warfare 10961:Missile boat 10928:Torpedo boat 10888:Motor launch 10851:Patrol craft 10756:Radar picket 10562:Supercarrier 10306:Norfolk punt 10184:Mast aft rig 10093:Herring buss 10017:West Country 9939:Sloop-of-war 9794: 9790: 9724:Crommesteven 9217:sailing rigs 9191:Mast aft rig 9139:Sailing rigs 9099:vessels and 8958:Crane vessel 8750:Hopper barge 8715:Bulk carrier 8647: 8588: 8576: 8455:Spearfishing 8244:Fish farming 8117:Recreational 8065:Oyster boats 7723:Herring buss 7633:Chasse-marée 7420: 7398: 7390:"Ship" 7365: 7353:. 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Retrieved 6020: 6011: 5992: 5986: 5977: 5968: 5943: 5934: 5920: 5902: 5894:the original 5889: 5880: 5861: 5855: 5842: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5812: 5788:(1): 57–64. 5785: 5781: 5771: 5752: 5746: 5727: 5721: 5713: 5709: 5703: 5686: 5682: 5676: 5668: 5663: 5639: 5630: 5597: 5593: 5587: 5567: 5541: 5498: 5488: 5453: 5443: 5406: 5396: 5371: 5367: 5361: 5352: 5346: 5337: 5331: 5312: 5295: 5290: 5270: 5263: 5244: 5208: 5205:) in Hawaii" 5202: 5194: 5174: 5167: 5148: 5128:. Retrieved 5124:the original 5119: 5115: 5069: 5063: 5051:. Retrieved 5047: 5038: 5019: 5013: 4980: 4952: 4946: 4926: 4919: 4908:. Retrieved 4904:the original 4890: 4871: 4865: 4856: 4850: 4831: 4825: 4815: 4785: 4778: 4758: 4751: 4723: 4716: 4707: 4703: 4693: 4673: 4666: 4655: 4641: 4632: 4623: 4583: 4542: 4522: 4517:over 100 GT. 4509: 4421: 4420: 4372: 4371: 4367:Ship replica 4350: 4349: 4289:Sailing ship 4194:Factory ship 4105: 4082: 4047: 4043: 4042: 4027:heart attack 4005: 3957:Ballast and 3956: 3888: 3881: 3874: 3848:(2002), the 3843: 3837: 3826:Exxon Valdez 3825: 3823: 3819: 3805:Exxon Valdez 3804: 3800: 3789: 3778:Exxon Valdez 3777: 3755:biodiversity 3736: 3674: 3640:in terms of 3635: 3626:World War II 3619: 3607:museum ships 3603:shipbreakers 3592: 3588: 3585:, Bangladesh 3554: 3546:sandblasting 3539: 3536: 3506: 3494:bulk carrier 3481:Vendée Globe 3473: 3466: 3462: 3454:World War II 3449: 3443: 3425:Shipbuilding 3419:Construction 3409:disassembled 3406: 3402: 3394: 3356: 3345: 3299: 3292: 3285: 3280: 3278: 3223: 3168: 3156: 3141: 3122: 3099:hydrodynamic 3080: 3071:Hydrostatics 3028: 3019: 3004: 2991:bow thruster 2984: 2965: 2942: 2926: 2920: 2872: 2845: 2815: 2811: 2772: 2757: 2730: 2721:Architecture 2712: 2710:facilities. 2692:patrol boats 2688:minesweepers 2681: 2649:World War II 2638: 2587: 2565: 2555: 2528: 2513: 2505:World War II 2489:weather ship 2486: 2479: 2468:Weather ship 2453: 2444: 2426:cruise ships 2422:ocean liners 2414:cruise ships 2408: 2400:gas carriers 2382:as aboard a 2369: 2365:fishing trap 2349:bottom trawl 2347:, including 2277:Blue whiting 2259:(84,400,000 2249:whaling ship 2246: 2215: 2169: 2134: 2131:Presque Isle 2130: 2126: 2122: 2117: 2114: 2103: 2060: 2045: 2012: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1958: 1938:repair ships 1920:minesweepers 1916:patrol ships 1835:quinquiremes 1771:LNG carriers 1767:gas carriers 1765:, liquefied 1732:cargo liners 1711:lighterships 1676:Cable layers 1649:Traditional 1628:trap setters 1573:craft (WIG). 1536: 1496:(84,400,000 1479: 1435:patrol boats 1428: 1405: 1386: 1378:21st century 1369: 1334: 1323: 1304: 1301: 1286: 1269: 1226: 1217: 1202:Please help 1190: 1156:in 1606 and 1130:Indian Ocean 1087: 1083:freeing port 1069: 1056: 1042: 1007: 987: 965: 933:Ming dynasty 926: 894: 885: 874:Please help 869:verification 866: 835: 825: 813:shipbuilding 806: 766: 746: 708: 705:Song dynasty 694: 689: 665: 655: 651: 645: 641:tilted sails 625:Indian Ocean 619:through the 610: 594: 548: 513: 457: 446: 442: 439:Sailing ship 416: 409: 398: 377: 375: 354: 348: 335: 331: 330:towards the 323: 313: 304: 296: 288: 280: 272: 260: 248: 240: 232: 213:Nomenclature 208: 185: 177:sailing ship 169: 167: 155:colonization 122: 120: 41: 11294:Mother ship 11133:Repair ship 11032:Minesweeper 10908:Patrol boat 10863:Armed yacht 10585:Dreadnought 10572:Battleships 10399:Naval ships 10301:Mersey flat 10279:Other types 10068:Barca-longa 9970:Down Easter 9607:Bomb vessel 9559:K'un-lun po 9537:Quadriremes 9522:Penteconter 9409:Quadrimaran 9230:Barquentine 9146:Bermuda rig 9115:Age of Sail 8953:Cable layer 8946:Other types 8927:Salvage tug 8881:Train ferry 8871:Ocean liner 8856:Cruiseferry 8851:Cruise ship 8846:Cargo liner 8841:Cable ferry 8818:LNG carrier 8808:Gas carrier 8780:Train ferry 8770:Reefer ship 8440:Fishing net 8412:Fly fishing 8274:Overfishing 8229:Aquaculture 8214:topic areas 7555:Traditional 7044:Knock Nevis 6850:November 1, 6667:November 1, 5374:: 345–353. 5340:. Thurlton. 4351:Model ships 4324:Train ferry 4299:Ship burial 4249:Mother ship 4023:respiratory 3943:Caspian Sea 3935:zooplankton 3887:organism . 3842:(1999) and 3775:The tanker 3611:breakwaters 3557:oil tankers 3527:Able seaman 3502:LNG carrier 3498:supertanker 3375:museum ship 3164:exponential 3152:bulbous bow 3148:Antifouling 3095:hydrostatic 2915:icebreakers 2899:four-stroke 2873:Mechanical 2807:sonar domes 2803:stabilizers 2779:bulbous bow 2752:reefer ship 2618:Battleships 2567:Naval ships 2445:Albatun Dos 2392:oil tankers 2337:purse seine 2251:. Aboard a 2230:sea captain 2179:cargo ships 2159:Two modern 2055:Great Lakes 2042:Great Lakes 2036:Great Lakes 2020:Mississippi 1999:Lake Saimaa 1888:battleships 1871:Naval ships 1859:icebreakers 1853:, deep sea 1807:superyachts 1763:oil tankers 1744:Ro-Ro ships 1720:cargo ships 1697:pilot boats 1672:work craft 1604:drill ships 1585:pipe layers 1397:Hapag-Lloyd 1357:steam ships 1341:slave trade 1326:French Navy 1158:New Zealand 1152:, reaching 1146:Netherlands 1104:, then the 1070:Santa María 1065:sterncastle 1032:to explore 1028:used their 949:Sengoku era 919:A Japanese 838:Phoenicians 769:Old Kingdom 709:k'un-lun po 701:Han dynasty 670:tanja sails 629:spice trade 524:model ships 520:Mesopotamia 449:grain trade 412:ship prefix 371:barquentine 353:, the word 351:Age of Sail 342:versus the 285:Bulbous bow 198:, 43% were 196:oil tankers 174:ship-rigged 139:exploration 125:is a large 93:gas turbine 81:fossil fuel 42:Iris Bolten 39:Feeder ship 11320:Ship types 11279:Guard ship 11153:Submarines 11088:Depot ship 11022:Minehunter 10265:Treenailed 10245:Lashed lug 10240:Inflatable 10219:Windsurfer 10204:Sportsboat 10153:Well smack 10022:Windjammer 9949:Trincadour 9919:Padewakang 9769:Man-of-war 9708:Trabaccolo 9647:Malangbang 9449:Vaka katea 9399:Pentamaran 9240:Brigantine 9201:Square rig 9196:Pinisi rig 9176:Lateen rig 9166:Gunter rig 9130:Navigation 8983:Icebreaker 8866:Narrowboat 8823:Oil tanker 8725:Chain boat 8653:Cargo ship 8534:Fish ponds 8435:Fishfinder 8422:Techniques 8384:Recreation 8364:Processing 8344:By country 8056:Swampscott 8046:Gloucester 8003:Well smack 7898:Peter boat 7703:Frejgatina 7516:Longliners 7483:Commercial 7355:2008-04-21 7324:2008-04-17 7274:2008-04-07 7082:2008-04-20 7056:2016-05-17 7046:(7381154)" 6972:2008-02-22 6876:2007-08-27 6762:2008-02-22 6736:2009-04-21 6518:2021-10-13 6493:2021-03-06 6464:2024-04-04 6385:2008-04-20 6319:2011-01-18 6069:2020-05-14 6026:2018-09-04 5832:, 3: 98: " 5689:(3): 188. 5355:: 253–280. 5130:2019-09-29 4910:2008-10-03 4554:References 4529:Royal Navy 4459:Malaccamax 4422:Ship sizes 4357:Ship model 4339:Watercraft 4279:Propulsion 4264:Naval ship 4204:Flag state 4116:Greenpeace 4078:Bangladesh 4074:Chittagong 3925:; 201,000 3923:short tons 3901:along the 3895:comb jelly 3885:planktonic 3815:sea otters 3761:Oil spills 3723:load lines 3597:at sea or 3583:Chittagong 3389:See also: 3371:shipwrecks 3359:shipowners 3334:cargo ship 3171:hull speed 2993:, and the 2895:two-stroke 2864:rotorsails 2860:turbosails 2795:propellers 2764:catamarans 2610:submarines 2598:destroyers 2579:submarines 2530:Polarfront 2480:Polarfront 2430:Riverboats 2335:, such as 2265:short tons 2193:carriers, 2110:salt water 2106:freshwater 2104:Since the 1946:troopships 1942:storeships 1904:destroyers 1865:Submarines 1636:longliners 1622:Motorised 1598:, non and 1579:vessels – 1563:hovercraft 1549:including 1547:Multihulls 1512:See also: 1502:short tons 1455:world wars 1418:, 43% are 1372:propulsion 1337:Royal Navy 1061:forecastle 1053:Portuguese 1038:Baltic Sea 1020:, and the 961:Geobukseon 817:Khufu ship 795:-country." 756:geographer 657:k'unlun po 601:outriggers 590:Madagascar 578:Micronesia 566:outriggers 562:catamarans 466:See also: 405:ship class 394:ferryboats 390:riverboats 382:submarines 380:, notably 324:vice versa 73:Propulsion 48:, port of 11027:Minelayer 10842:Troopship 10770:Transport 10736:Escorteur 10716:Destroyer 10457:Broadside 10425:auxiliary 10420:submarine 10260:Tall ship 10088:Gableboat 10002:Leti leti 9992:Janggolan 9924:Post ship 9795:de armada 9784:Speronara 9512:Fire ship 9444:Va'a-tele 9369:Kora kora 9334:Catamaran 9300:Multihull 9206:Tanja rig 9151:Crab claw 9108:Overviews 9095:Types of 9008:Riverboat 8968:Drillship 8833:Passenger 8720:Car float 8702:Dry cargo 8641:Overviews 8527:Locations 8430:Fish trap 8354:Marketing 8311:Fisherman 8221:Fisheries 8208:Fisheries 8125:Bass boat 8097:Schooners 8087:Log canoe 7943:Shad boat 7918:Reed boat 7913:Pump boat 7868:Panineman 7793:Lepa-lepa 7728:Ipanitika 7713:Gableboat 7688:Fembøring 7568:Armadahan 7430:cite book 6613:cite book 6300:CiteSeerX 6181:0032-4558 5804:247335671 5622:162220129 5525:251869471 5517:0154-1854 5480:229391249 5472:0044-8613 5435:2512-6814 5388:162840685 5088:cite book 4999:cite book 4743:941718687 4602:0566-7682 4559:Citations 4474:Seawaymax 4449:Handysize 4319:Spaceship 4314:Shipwreck 4059:recycling 4019:acid rain 3963:pathogens 3939:ecosystem 3927:long tons 3921:(225,000 3907:Black Sea 3899:Argentina 3767:Oil spill 3739:pollution 3725:" in the 3693:engineers 3622:grounding 3512:submarine 3363:designers 3324:Lifecycle 3306:sea swell 3251:× 3245:≈ 3196:× 3190:≈ 3160:amplitude 3123:Schlesien 3055:liferafts 3051:lifeboats 3025:Equipment 3007:berthings 2976:Autopilot 2879:propeller 2868:wingsails 2768:trimarans 2655:, better 2606:corvettes 2554:USS 2549:American 2507:that the 2269:Anchoveta 2261:long tons 2135:E.M. Ford 2127:E.M. Ford 2074:Soo Locks 1912:corvettes 1661:used for 1567:hydrofoil 1557:(SWATH), 1498:long tons 1391:, a 8749 1191:does not 1162:new crops 1154:Australia 1132:from the 1079:freeboard 968:Majapahit 953:atakebune 921:atakebune 763:Egyptians 752:historian 690:kunlun bo 652:kunlun bo 637:junk rigs 613:Sri Lanka 586:Polynesia 509:Indonesia 501:Borobudur 484:voyaging 269:starboard 253:Propeller 168:The word 151:migration 108:Sail plan 11342:Category 11269:Flagship 11002:Danlayer 10873:Corvette 10751:Kaibōkan 10620:Cruisers 10512:CAM ship 10467:Casemate 10403:warships 10214:Wharrams 10133:Sixareen 10128:Nordland 10123:Patorani 9909:Gundalow 9894:Gallivat 9879:Chialoup 9874:Bilander 9823:Corvette 9739:Galleass 9698:Lancaran 9657:Tongkang 9642:Longship 9592:Balinger 9492:Balangay 9439:Ungalawa 9434:Trimaran 9429:Tongiaki 9424:Tipairua 9275:Schooner 9171:Junk rig 9161:Gaff rig 9018:Snagboat 8912:Fireboat 8590:Category 8562:Glossary 8465:Trolling 8460:Trawling 8369:Products 8331:Industry 8166:Category 8107:Skipjack 8082:Deadrise 8077:Buy-boat 8041:Cape Ann 7988:Voadeira 7958:Sneakbox 7948:Sixareen 7928:Salambaw 7883:Patorani 7858:Paduwang 7838:Nordland 7818:Mackinaw 7798:Lis-alis 7733:Jongkong 7593:Basnigan 7531:Trawlers 7496:Drifters 7411:(1966). 7387:(1911). 7335:(2007). 7304:(2006). 6951:(2007). 6919:(2002). 6845:BBC News 6782:BBC News 6753:(2005). 6644:CLL 1966 6632:CLL 1966 6487:Archived 6433:Archived 5910:Archived 5638:(1912). 5614:20070359 5454:Archipel 4444:Handymax 4439:Chinamax 4434:Capesize 4122:See also 4089:Asbestos 3947:diseases 3903:Atlantic 3845:Prestige 3811:seabirds 3807:incident 3796:sediment 3743:shipping 3636:One can 3599:scrapped 3595:scuttled 3529:using a 3450:Hermione 3446:shipyard 3413:disposed 3367:shipyard 3365:and the 3288:bow wave 3087:buoyancy 2921:Savannah 2911:warships 2883:impeller 2602:frigates 2594:cruisers 2501:aviation 2345:trawling 2341:gillnets 2203:dredgers 2116:SS 2083:Michigan 2079:Superior 2059:SS 1908:frigates 1900:cruisers 1876:Warships 1831:triremes 1685:dredgers 1681:Tugboats 1640:trollers 1469:and the 1459:Cold War 1431:warships 1144:and the 1134:Atlantic 1100:and the 1094:Portugal 989:Victoria 941:Zheng He 842:cabotage 831:Uluburun 785:Egyptian 320:case law 265:Portside 235:: 97:sterling 11313:Related 11289:Monitor 11223:Wet sub 11068:Collier 10986:Shin'yō 10981:PT boat 10878:Gunboat 10741:Frigate 10472:Turrets 10350:Related 10148:Tartane 10098:Jangada 10078:Felucca 10073:Falkuša 10031:20th c. 9985:Warship 9975:Golekan 9958:19th c. 9884:Clipper 9867:18th c. 9853:Polacca 9833:Frigate 9811:17th c. 9779:Patache 9774:Manchua 9749:Flyboat 9734:Galleon 9717:16th c. 9688:Caravel 9678:Carrack 9671:15th c. 9637:Kondura 9602:Birlinn 9532:Trireme 9484:Ancient 9419:Tepukei 9374:Lakatoi 9364:Karakoa 9344:Guilalo 9329:Camakau 9314:Amatasi 9302:vessels 9270:Mistico 9245:Catboat 9186:Lug rig 9097:sailing 9027:Related 8963:Dredger 8937:Tugboat 8890:Support 8790:Tankers 8735:Collier 8632:Modern 8578:Outline 8392:Angling 8374:Seafood 8359:Markets 8298:Fishing 8212:fishing 8102:Sharpie 7908:Poveiro 7903:Pirogue 7848:Orembai 7738:Jangada 7693:Ferilla 7683:Felucca 7678:Falkuša 7658:Currach 7648:Coracle 7623:Camakau 7608:Bokkura 7536:Whalers 7526:Seiners 7397:(ed.). 7201:(ed.). 6888:Sources 6403:WordNet 6355:Council 6292:Bibcode 5835:kelulus 5670:Lands." 5053:16 June 4489:Valemax 4479:Suezmax 4464:Panamax 4429:Aframax 4334:Warship 4284:Sailing 4214:Galleon 4164:Airship 4015:lorries 4007:Exhaust 3976:hormone 3951:genetic 3915:anchovy 3911:fishing 3780:spilled 3697:formula 3662:tonnage 3542:drydock 3507:Seawolf 3492:-sized 3490:Panamax 3469:drydock 3314:weather 3228:units: 3224:or, in 3083:gravity 2995:Z-drive 2968:paddles 2856:galleys 2848:sailing 2799:rudders 2791:transom 2483:at sea. 2418:ferries 2317:lobster 2232:, with 2211:ferries 2199:reefers 2077:Lakes ( 2028:Yangtze 2007:Finland 1997:at the 1847:weather 1827:biremes 1823:Galleys 1797:ferries 1759:tankers 1693:tenders 1670:Harbour 1651:sailing 1632:seiners 1465:in the 1416:tankers 1401:Germany 1349:clipper 1311:railway 1307:towpath 1294:led to 1292:sinking 1287:Titanic 1263:Italian 1212:removed 1197:sources 1142:England 1110:galleon 1106:caravel 1090:carrack 1049:caravel 1045:carrack 1026:Vikings 798:Sneferu 789:Red Sea 623:of the 488:with a 429:History 332:outside 307:: 299:: 291:: 283:: 275:: 263:: 251:: 243:: 159:science 147:warfare 85:nuclear 62:Tonnage 11218:U-boat 10946:E-boat 10913:Q-ship 10699:Escort 10341:Wherry 10316:Pausik 10174:Dinghy 10118:Mayang 10113:Masula 10108:Lugger 10103:Jukung 10007:Palari 9929:74-gun 9914:Lanong 9838:Galeas 9764:Lorcha 9729:Galiot 9693:Ghurab 9652:Shitik 9597:Benawa 9547:Dromon 9527:Bireme 9517:Galley 9379:Lanong 9349:Jukung 9319:Baurua 9250:Cutter 9225:Barque 8932:Tender 8922:Pusher 8518:Sinker 8475:Tackle 8130:Farley 8072:Bugeye 8028:Dories 8008:Tipnol 7973:Tataya 7968:Tatara 7933:Sampan 7923:Sandeq 7888:Pelang 7873:Paopao 7863:Pajala 7843:Ontang 7823:Mayang 7808:Lugger 7783:Lakana 7778:Kulibo 7773:Korkor 7753:Kajjik 7748:Junkun 7743:Jukung 7673:Dugout 7668:Dogger 7618:Caïque 7598:Bawley 7588:Bangka 7373: 7290: 7252: 7180: 7159: 7140: 7121: 7102: 7029: 7010: 6963: 6933: 6905: 6586: 6561: 6539: 6459:BW LPG 6302: 6256: 6229: 6179: 6148: 6107: 5999: 5868: 5802: 5759: 5734: 5620: 5612: 5575: 5548: 5523: 5515: 5478: 5470: 5433: 5423: 5386: 5319: 5278: 5251: 5223: 5182: 5155: 5076: 5026: 4987: 4959: 4934: 4878: 4838: 4793: 4766: 4741: 4731: 4681: 4648: 4638:"Ship" 4600: 4590: 4344:Whaler 4294:Sailor 4219:Galley 3988:tumors 3984:cancer 3967:toxins 3919:tonnes 3714:circle 3708:" or " 3509:-class 3385:Design 3279:where 3226:metric 3057:, and 3044:cranes 3015:galley 2989:, the 2972:tiller 2866:, and 2852:rowing 2781:. 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