413:, the coalition worked in close co-operation and won fifty-one out of the eighty seats. United and Reform between them had held a few more seats before, but their combined tally exceeded what many had anticipated in light of the economic conditions. The government did not exhibit great stability, however — particularly strong tensions arose between Coates and Downie Stewart, who clashed over the best response to the country's economic problems. Coates eventually won, and Stewart resigned. Coates, as the new Minister of Finance, became increasingly powerful, and the weary Forbes did not strongly oppose Coates's influence; while Forbes remained Prime Minister, Coates effectively led the government. The economic situation persisted.
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475:
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31:
393:
In 1931 the United government passed a number of economic measures which appeared unfavourable to workers, and the Labour Party withdrew its support. The United Party continued in office with reluctant support from the Reform Party, which feared that a collapse of government (and thus a general
366:
The United Party administration did not run particularly smoothly, however. Ward's ill health persisted, and he finally resigned in 1930. His deputy, George Forbes, became Prime
Minister, though he had effectively been leading both the party and the government for some time before Ward's formal
420:, United and Reform maintained their coalition. Anger at the country's ongoing economic problems remained high, however, and many saw Forbes and Coates as jointly responsible for the situation. In addition, Albert Davy had founded a new "anti-socialist" party, the
317:
The new organisation adopted the name "the United Party". This reflected in shortened form the name of the "United New
Zealand Political Organisation", which Davy had used after he had left Reform. Forbes and Veitch both contested the leadership, but eventually,
314:, the traditional opponent of the Liberals). They hoped that the United Party would draw support not only from former Liberals, but from moderates on either the right or left of the Liberals by promoting themselves as a safer alternative than the Labour Party.
394:
election) would see large gains for Labour. Later the same year, formal coalition talks took place between United, Reform, and Labour, with a "unity government" proposed to counter the depression. Labour eventually walked out of the talks, but Reform leader
428:
from the coalition. Forbes, still the nominal leader of the coalition, appeared tired and apathetic. These factors all added up to a decisive defeat of the coalition, which won only 19 seats–including only seven for United–to Labour's 53.
295:, and its organisation had decayed to the point of collapse. The United Party represented an unexpected resurgence of the Liberals, and some historians consider it nothing more than the Liberal Party under a new name.
441:
United and Reform maintained their coalition while in opposition. In 1936 they decided to make the coalition permanent and to merge United and Reform into a single party. The new organisation took the name of "the
298:
The United Party emerged from a faction of the decaying
Liberal Party known as "the National Party" (not directly related to the modern National Party, although it may have inspired the name).
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379:, finance spokesman for Reform, privately described Forbes as "apathetic and fatalistic", and suggested that although he had "a rotten job", Forbes was really simply marking time.
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In the 1920s the
Liberal Party, although previously dominant in New Zealand party politics, seemed in serious long-term decline following the advent of the
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had one, and independents held six. The United Party formed a government with the backing of the Labour Party, and Ward became Prime
Minister again.
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because of the handling of a licensing bill, and put forward a programme equally appealing to the business community and to the remnants of the
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402:. Forbes, backed by dissident members of Reform, won the leadership of the coalition government, but Downie Stewart of Reform became the
48:
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95:
1448:
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67:
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355:, the new United Party performed surprisingly well, winning twenty-seven seats. The Reform Party also had twenty-seven seats, the
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74:
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299:
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1756:
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81:
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114:
63:
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346:
268:
337:. So 42,000 votes and five seats went to United, compared with 8,800 votes and no seats in the previous election.
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52:
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1721:
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446:", and - along with Labour - became one of New Zealand's two dominant political parties from that point on.
306:(who led another faction of the Liberals, but who had once been involved with the labour movement) and with
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330:
311:
280:
276:
181:
88:
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1929:
1823:
1433:
1223:
903:
889:
376:
334:
264:
171:
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2155:
1716:
1701:
1567:
1463:
714:
521:
356:
292:
244:
1318:
1203:
3520:
3203:
3055:
2885:
2021:
1900:
1843:
1731:
1696:
1555:
1510:
1423:
1258:
648:
613:
494:
399:
234:
220:
41:
1100:
329:
The reversal of the party fortunes came in
Auckland, where the big business group abandoned the
3083:
1934:
1910:
1878:
1848:
1813:
1808:
1783:
1644:
1562:
1438:
1408:
633:
2764:
2514:
3045:
2849:
2834:
2784:
2779:
2309:
2055:
1977:
1952:
1924:
1883:
1863:
1853:
1798:
1736:
1711:
1627:
1622:
1587:
1572:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1505:
1500:
1453:
1348:
1323:
1313:
1218:
1050:
1035:
935:
877:
430:
326:
in 1906 - 1912, did not enjoy the best of health, Davy backed him as a compromise candidate.
1193:
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2043:
1858:
1803:
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1751:
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1706:
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1540:
1530:
1490:
1010:
975:
884:
837:
682:
556:
551:
546:
489:
193:
1000:
474:
8:
3035:
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1333:
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768:
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200:
17:
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16:
This article is about the party founded in 1927. For the party founded in 1995, see
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1996:
1989:
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1248:
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1363:
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1273:
1253:
1145:
1125:
1085:
1060:
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842:
783:
643:
638:
509:
3392:
3362:
3323:
3280:
2744:
2644:
2609:
2060:
2033:
2028:
2001:
1957:
1303:
1238:
1090:
1065:
1030:
980:
920:
847:
748:
709:
699:
573:
541:
425:
1293:
1115:
367:
departure. Forbes faced serious economic problems, including the onset of the
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2016:
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260:
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2006:
1972:
1967:
1637:
1150:
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915:
822:
675:
655:
466:
372:
2210:
302:, a Liberal Party leader, led the faction. In 1927 Forbes joined with
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595:
30:
2704:
2011:
1984:
1888:
1679:
930:
773:
205:
1120:
726:
660:
2545:
The
Politics of Equality: New Zealand's Adventures in Democracy
2496:
The First 50 Years: A History of the New
Zealand National Party
790:
2591:
263:. It was founded in 1927, partly out of the remnants of the
398:(pressed by Downie Stewart) eventually agreed to form a
310:(a well-known and highly successful organiser for the
2468:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2529:
Ministry for
Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga
2456:
1419:
Alliance of
Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
275:between 1931 and 1935. In 1936, it merged with the
55:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2439:
433:became New Zealand's first Labour Prime Minister.
322:won the position. Although Ward, a former Liberal
389:United–Reform coalition Government of New Zealand
3568:
3244:
3230:
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2112:
1444:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
1414:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
371:. He did not project an image of activity or
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3223:
2584:
2570:
2119:
2105:
2547:. Wellington: Victoria University Press.
2490:
2474:
1449:International Federation of Liberal Youth
115:Learn how and when to remove this message
3587:Political parties disestablished in 1936
3577:Defunct political parties in New Zealand
2593:Defunct political parties of New Zealand
449:
2513:Daniels, John Richard Sinclair (1966).
2512:
2450:
1429:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
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2542:
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3582:Political parties established in 1927
3218:
2879:Unregistered and pre-1996 era parties
2603:era registered parties (1996–present)
2565:
3189:Workers' Party of New Zealand (1991)
2329:
53:adding citations to reliable sources
24:
2951:Independent Political Labour League
1469:Liberal South East European Network
400:coalition between United and Reform
13:
3061:No Commercial Airport at Whenuapai
2374:Coalition with Labour then Reform
273:United–Reform coalition Government
127:Political party in New Zealand
14:
3603:
2961:Kiwis Against Further Immigration
1459:Liberal Network for Latin America
892:(contributions to liberal theory)
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2209:
2086:
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473:
347:United Government of New Zealand
29:
2524:An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
271:between 1928 and 1931, and the
64:"United Party" New Zealand
40:needs additional citations for
2700:Family Rights Protection Party
833:Separation of church and state
1:
3264:Prime Minister of New Zealand
2946:Imperial British Conservative
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286:
2870:Workers Party of New Zealand
382:
7:
155:; 88 years ago
10:
3608:
2498:. Auckland: Reed Methuen.
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344:
340:
15:
3592:New Zealand Liberal Party
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3452:
3426:
3355:
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3246:New Zealand Liberal Party
2921:Democratic Progress Party
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2840:Superannuitants and Youth
2825:Residents Action Movement
2795:New Zealand Pacific Party
2599:
2419:
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2318:United Party merged into
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2056:Sexually liberal feminism
1963:Bias in American academia
1434:European Democratic Party
890:List of liberal theorists
436:
377:William Downie Stewart Jr
259:was a political party in
230:
215:
199:
187:
177:
167:
149:
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132:
2543:Lipson, Leslie (2011) .
2432:
2172:Leader of the Opposition
715:Labor theory of property
3521:Young New Zealand Party
2956:Join Australia Movement
1424:Arab Liberal Federation
614:Consent of the governed
235:Politics of New Zealand
221:United/Reform Coalition
201:Political position
2680:Direct Democracy Party
2397:Coalition with Reform
1439:European Liberal Youth
1409:Africa Liberal Network
634:Economic globalization
2725:Independent Coalition
2428:Total Coalition vote.
2081:Liberalism portal
1953:Anti-authoritarianism
1454:Liberal International
450:Parliamentary Leaders
431:Michael Joseph Savage
3453:Leadership elections
2755:McGillicuddy Serious
885:Age of Enlightenment
838:Separation of powers
216:National affiliation
194:Classical liberalism
49:improve this article
2891:Christian Democrats
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2093:Politics portal
796:Civil and political
769:Popular sovereignty
629:Economic liberalism
404:Minister of Finance
3289:William Hall-Jones
3109:Reform New Zealand
3016:National Socialist
2996:Liberal Federation
2815:Progressive Greens
2790:Outdoor Recreation
2665:The Civilian Party
2660:Christian Heritage
2216:17 September 1928
764:Permissive society
744:Limited government
359:had nineteen, the
18:United New Zealand
3564:
3563:
3536:New Liberal Party
3318:William MacDonald
3265:
3212:
3211:
3204:Young New Zealand
3071:People's Movement
3051:New Zealand Party
3041:New Liberal Party
2916:Democratic Labour
2886:Aotearoa NZ Youth
2620:Advance NZ (1995)
2554:978-0-86473-646-8
2424:
2423:
2330:Electoral results
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1968:Bias in the media
1484:Regional variants
801:Natural and legal
269:United Government
267:, and formed the
253:
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240:Political parties
125:
124:
117:
99:
3599:
3514:Related articles
3381:George Laurenson
3305:Thomas Mackenzie
3257:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3216:
3215:
3199:World Socialists
3144:Socialists (iii)
3129:Social Democrats
3124:Social Credit-NZ
2710:Freedom Movement
2695:The Family Party
2586:
2579:
2572:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2519:McLintock, A. H.
2509:
2492:Gustafson, Barry
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1997:Economic freedom
1990:Radical centrism
828:Secular humanism
754:Natural monopoly
705:Internationalism
522:Internationalist
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369:Great Depression
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178:Merged into
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3046:New World Order
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2800:People's Choice
2730:Integrity Party
2685:Ethnic Minority
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853:Social services
843:Social contract
806:To own property
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439:
426:took votes away
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3363:Richard Seddon
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3001:Liberal Reform
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2207:
2202:
2199:
2196:
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2180:
2165:Prime Minister
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2083:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:Utilitarianism
2058:
2053:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2034:Libertarianism
2031:
2029:Land value tax
2026:
2025:
2024:
2014:
2009:
2004:
2002:Egalitarianism
1999:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1958:Anti-communism
1955:
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1947:Related topics
1946:
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1941:
1938:
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1927:
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1893:
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1866:
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996:Wollstonecraft
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973:
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868:
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848:Social justice
845:
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835:
830:
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820:
815:
814:
813:
808:
803:
798:
788:
787:
786:
781:
771:
766:
761:
756:
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749:Market economy
746:
741:
740:
739:
734:
724:
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712:
710:Invisible hand
707:
702:
700:Harm principle
697:
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512:
502:
497:
492:
486:
483:
482:
479:
478:
470:
469:
463:
462:
451:
448:
444:National Party
438:
435:
418:1935 elections
411:1931 elections
387:Main article:
384:
381:
353:1928 elections
345:Main article:
342:
339:
324:Prime Minister
288:
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281:National Party
251:
250:
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237:
231:
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185:
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182:National Party
179:
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105:September 2015
37:
35:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3541:Radical Party
3539:
3537:
3534:
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3524:
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3512:
3506:
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3432:
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3429:
3425:
3418:
3417:Alfred Ransom
3415:
3412:
3411:George Forbes
3409:
3406:
3405:Alfred Ransom
3403:
3400:
3399:George Forbes
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3375:James Carroll
3373:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3347:
3346:
3345:George Forbes
3342:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3330:George Forbes
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
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3302:
3299:
3298:
3294:
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3283:
3282:
3278:
3275:
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3273:John Ballance
3270:
3269:
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3255:
3254:Party leaders
3251:
3247:
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3228:
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3164:United Labour
3162:
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3107:
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3097:
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3094:Radical Party
3092:
3090:
3087:
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3084:Piri Wiri Tua
3082:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
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3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
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3034:
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3031:New Democrats
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3006:Mana Motuhake
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2981:Liberal (iii)
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2966:Labour (1910)
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
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2939:
2937:
2936:Future NZ (i)
2934:
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2931:Freedom Party
2929:
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2865:United Future
2863:
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2828:
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2770:Mauri Pacific
2768:
2766:
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2756:
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2740:Internet Mana
2738:
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2718:
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2633:
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2264:George Forbes
2256:
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2017:Individualism
2015:
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984:
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858:Welfare state
856:
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849:
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844:
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839:
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834:
831:
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723:
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721:Laissez-faire
718:
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396:Gordon Coates
390:
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364:
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361:Country Party
358:
354:
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338:
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335:Liberal Party
332:
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315:
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309:
305:
301:
300:George Forbes
296:
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284:
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265:Liberal Party
262:
258:
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229:
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218:
214:
211:
207:
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195:
192:
190:
186:
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180:
176:
173:
172:Liberal Party
170:
166:
152:
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144:
140:
131:
119:
116:
108:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
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69:
66: –
65:
61:
60:Find sources:
54:
50:
44:
43:
38:This article
36:
32:
27:
26:
23:
19:
3526:United Party
3525:
3343:
3335:
3303:
3295:
3287:
3279:
3271:
3259:
3179:Values Party
3168:
2986:Liberal (iv)
2976:Liberal (ii)
2926:Equal Values
2901:Co-operative
2835:South Island
2750:Libertarianz
2650:Bill and Ben
2544:
2532:. Retrieved
2522:
2495:
2477:, p. 4.
2470:
2458:
2451:Daniels 1966
2427:
2425:
2317:
2308:
2298:
2291:
2281:
2275:21 May 1930
2251:
2241:
2232:
2222:
2219:21 May 1930
2167:
2160:
2139: United
2131:
2130:
2051:Pirate Party
1911:Jeffersonian
1819:South Africa
1309:Lloyd George
904:Philosophers
811:To bear arms
759:Open society
719:
495:Conservative
440:
415:
408:
392:
365:
357:Labour Party
350:
331:Reform Party
328:
316:
312:Reform Party
297:
293:Labour Party
290:
279:to form the
277:Reform Party
257:United Party
256:
254:
210:centre-right
135:United Party
111:
102:
92:
85:
78:
71:
59:
47:Please help
42:verification
39:
22:
3556:Senior Whip
3551:List of MPs
3427:Governments
3419:(1930–1936)
3413:(1928–1930)
3407:(1925–1928)
3401:(1920–1925)
3395:(1919–1920)
3389:(1913–1919)
3383:(1912–1913)
3377:(1906–1912)
3371:(1893–1906)
3369:Joseph Ward
3365:(1889–1893)
3348:(1930–1936)
3340:(1928–1930)
3337:Joseph Ward
3332:(1925–1927)
3326:(1920–1925)
3320:(1919–1920)
3314:(1913–1919)
3312:Joseph Ward
3308:(1912–1913)
3300:(1906–1912)
3297:Joseph Ward
3284:(1893–1906)
3276:(1889–1893)
3174:United (ii)
3154:Sovereignty
3026:New Citizen
3011:Mana Wahine
2991:Liberal (v)
2971:Liberal (i)
2855:Te Tawharau
2845:Sustainable
2810:Progressive
2775:Natural Law
2463:Lipson 2011
2420:Opposition
2351:Government
2205:Joseph Ward
1879:Gladstonian
1839:Switzerland
1824:South Korea
1767:Philippines
1727:New Zealand
1722:Netherlands
1379:Verhofstadt
1374:Balcerowicz
1183:Politicians
1111:Collingwood
1051:Tocqueville
926:Montesquieu
818:Rule of law
619:Due process
320:Joseph Ward
308:Albert Davy
304:Bill Veitch
261:New Zealand
3571:Categories
3262:served as
3169:United (i)
2765:Mana Māori
2690:Expatriate
2485:References
2346:# of seats
2340:# of votes
2007:Empiricism
1978:Democratic
1973:Capitalism
1884:Manchester
1717:Montenegro
1702:Luxembourg
1638:Venizelism
1568:Costa Rica
823:Secularism
656:Federalism
608:Principles
467:Liberalism
373:leadership
287:Foundation
75:newspapers
3444:Coalition
3258:Names in
3184:WIN Party
3021:NewLabour
2860:United NZ
2850:TEA Party
2343:% of vote
2302:1935–1936
2285:1930–1935
2278:May 1936
2245:1928–1930
2191:Position
2185:Portrait
2022:Anarchist
1930:Venezuela
1906:Classical
1874:Cobdenism
1777:Cracovian
1732:Nicaragua
1697:Lithuania
1556:Hong Kong
1511:Australia
1349:Roosevelt
1319:Ståhlberg
1314:Venizelos
1269:Sarmiento
1259:Gladstone
1219:Lamartine
1189:Jefferson
1041:Martineau
991:De Gouges
976:Condorcet
961:Priestley
624:Democracy
596:Third Way
557:Christian
552:Religious
490:Classical
422:Democrats
383:Coalition
245:Elections
224:(1931–36)
150:Dissolved
3490:Sep 1920
3485:Jan 1920
2911:Democrat
2735:Internet
2705:Focus NZ
2645:Ban 1080
2630:Alliance
2494:(1986).
2407:285,422†
2337:Election
2012:Humanism
1985:Centrism
1935:Zimbabwe
1889:Whiggism
1849:Thailand
1814:Slovenia
1809:Slovakia
1784:Portugal
1757:Paraguay
1680:Liberism
1645:Honduras
1563:Colombia
1536:Bulgaria
1329:Rathenau
1304:Milyukov
1224:Macaulay
1194:Kołłątaj
1166:Kymlicka
1146:Friedman
1091:Cassirer
1081:Hobhouse
1016:Constant
1011:Humboldt
971:Beccaria
936:Rousseau
931:Voltaire
774:Property
737:Positive
732:Negative
688:Religion
666:Economic
639:Equality
562:Catholic
532:National
527:Muscular
505:Feminist
500:Cultural
459:a series
457:Part of
424:, which
375:—
189:Ideology
3194:Women's
3075:Phoenix
2906:Country
2675:Destiny
2534:6 March
2521:(ed.).
2392:19 / 80
2384:120,801
2369:27 / 80
2361:225,042
2182:Leader
1925:Uruguay
1864:Ukraine
1854:Tunisia
1799:Senegal
1789:Romania
1737:Nigeria
1712:Moldova
1655:Iceland
1650:Hungary
1628:Germany
1623:Georgia
1613:Finland
1608:Estonia
1598:Ecuador
1593:Denmark
1588:Czechia
1573:Croatia
1526:Bolivia
1521:Belgium
1516:Austria
1506:Armenia
1501:Albania
1369:Jenkins
1364:Kennedy
1354:Pearson
1339:Einaudi
1324:Gokhale
1284:Itagaki
1279:Naoroji
1274:Mommsen
1254:Lincoln
1244:Mazzini
1229:Kossuth
1214:Broglie
1209:Bolívar
1204:Artigas
1199:Madison
1061:Spencer
1046:Emerson
1036:Bastiat
1021:Ricardo
981:Bentham
921:Spinoza
878:History
779:Private
727:Liberty
661:Freedom
581:Secular
569:Islamic
547:Radical
484:Schools
416:In the
409:In the
351:In the
341:Success
158: (
142:Founded
89:scholar
3439:Second
3292:(1906)
3159:Thrive
3104:Reform
3089:Public
3079:Pirate
2785:One NZ
2551:
2502:
2415:7 / 80
2410:33.48†
2310:Savage
2292:Forbes
2234:Coates
2156:Labour
2154:
2152:
2147:Reform
2145:
2143:
2137:
1918:Modern
1859:Turkey
1844:Taiwan
1834:Sweden
1804:Serbia
1794:Russia
1772:Poland
1752:Panama
1747:Norway
1707:Mexico
1692:Latvia
1670:Israel
1633:Greece
1618:France
1583:Cyprus
1541:Canada
1531:Brazil
1491:Europe
1389:Macron
1334:Madero
1299:Deakin
1289:Levski
1264:Cavour
1249:Juárez
1239:Cobden
1171:Badawi
1161:Nozick
1141:Berlin
1131:Popper
1106:Keynes
1101:Ortega
1066:Arnold
1026:Guizot
986:Korais
951:Turgot
911:Milton
791:Rights
784:Public
693:Speech
671:Market
644:Gender
591:Techno
586:Social
574:Jewish
510:Equity
437:Merger
206:Centre
91:
84:
77:
70:
62:
3434:First
3066:OurNZ
2615:99 MP
2517:. In
2433:Notes
2387:16.90
2364:29.75
2322:1936.
2188:Term
2044:Right
1829:Spain
1687:Japan
1675:Italy
1660:India
1603:Egypt
1551:China
1546:Chile
1384:Obama
1359:Ohlin
1294:Kemal
1151:Rawls
1126:Hayek
1116:Čapek
1096:Mises
1086:Croce
1076:Weber
1071:Acton
1001:Staël
966:Paine
956:Burke
941:Smith
916:Locke
683:Press
676:Trade
649:Legal
517:Green
96:JSTOR
82:books
3505:1930
3500:1928
3495:1925
3480:1913
3475:1912
3470:1906
3465:1893
3460:1889
3260:bold
2941:Hapu
2760:Mana
2745:Kiwi
2549:ISBN
2536:2016
2500:ISBN
2403:1935
2380:1931
2357:1928
2252:Ward
2226:1928
2179:No.
2132:Key:
2039:Left
1762:Peru
1665:Iran
1578:Cuba
1344:King
1234:Deák
1136:Aron
1056:Mill
1031:List
946:Kant
542:Ordo
255:The
160:1936
153:1936
145:1927
68:news
2780:NMP
2601:MMP
2348:won
1156:Sen
1006:Say
537:Neo
208:to
51:by
3573::
2527:.
2441:^
2299:LO
2282:PM
2260:2
2242:PM
2223:LO
2201:1
2170::
2168:LO
2163::
2161:PM
1121:Hu
461:on
406:.
283:.
3238:e
3231:t
3224:v
2585:e
2578:t
2571:v
2557:.
2538:.
2508:.
2453:.
2426:†
2120:e
2113:t
2106:v
162:)
118:)
112:(
107:)
103:(
93:·
86:·
79:·
72:·
45:.
20:.
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