Asylum in Australia

202:, is one of the first steps taken by immigration officers to determine if a person is making a valid claim of asylum. If a valid fear of persecution is expressed a formal application for refugee status is undertaken. If permission to stay in Australia is not granted they must be removed as soon as possible. However, under the notion of complementary protection, an applicant who is not deemed to be a refugee may still be permitted to remain in Australia. Complementary protection applies when an applicant/s would face a real risk of; arbitrary deprivation of life; the death penalty; torture; cruel or inhuman treatment or punishment; degrading treatment or punishment. It does not apply when there is no real risk of significant harm, namely when an applicant can safely relocate to another part of the country, or an authority within the country can provide protection. 1212: 637: 1052: 1449:(Cth), the Commonwealth was required to report the percentage of decisions made within 90 days of lodging their application. From 2013 to 2014, the Department of Immigration and Border Protection made just seven percent of initial decisions within the given timeframe. While more current data is unavailable, it is unlikely that the change of Liberal leadership (and therefore government) from Abbott to Turnbull has raised these rates. This means that it is likely that the overwhelming majority of asylum seekers in Australia are unable to work for well over three months while they wait for status determination. 977: 185: 125:, also gave rise to a Senate Committee Inquiry, with one submission showing that it was almost identical to the 2006 Bill, except without a reporting requirement obliging the Minister to table in Parliament an annual report which detailed the arrangements for assessing refugee claims processed offshore as well as information about their accommodation, health care and education. This added to concerns expressed below about the lack of transparency and public scrutiny. However the bill was passed into law, becoming the 105:(Cth) had previously drafted to give effect to Australia's obligations under international law, mainly the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its First Optional Protocol, recent legislative amendments by successive governments have uncoupled the Act from giving effect to the Convention. This has resulted in a softening on the impact of the Convention in interpreting the Act, leading to the government resiling from the protocol set out in the international agreement. 1560: 306: 258: 1033:. He had been under fire for the unpopular programs of Gillard that led to his return to power, and immigration had become a major issue in the election campaign. Concurrent with Rudd's announcement, Indonesia announced it would toughen requirement for Iranians seeking visas, a change that had been requested by Australia. An Indonesia spokesperson denied that the change in policy was because of an Australian request. 1432:

exploitation. Substandard housing conditions clearly follows from this difficulty. One instance in Adelaide found 20 temporary protection visa holders living in a single address, while a service provider in Sydney reported instances where people seeking asylum had been convinced by real estate agents to rent non-residential properties such as warehouses with dividers between the beds.

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Melbourne, housing availability is an additional strain for renters, with a competitive market leading to some perpetually searching for housing. The impact these general issues have on asylum seekers searching for housing open arrival into Australia is therefore significant and, at times, debilitating, leading to substantial possibility of homelessness throughout these communities.

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Their ephemeral status in the country, entirely dependent on status determination by the government, leads to apprehension amongst housing providers arising from concern that they may not remain in Australia for the duration of the lease. The lack of clarity and certainty owing to their undefined legal status therefore deters housing providers from offering leases to asylum seekers.

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of three areas. The fast-tracked medical transfers will only apply to the existing cohort of refugees and asylum seekers on Manus Island and Nauru, a point that Mr Morrison refuses to concede. Human rights advocates hailed the decision, with one calling it a "tipping point as a country", with the weight of public opinion believing that sick people need treatment.

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dependent upon identity and timeline of asylum. There are issues latent within the SSRS arising from a strict adherence to the band taxonomy that leads to a stringent, and at times problematic, application of the band criteria. There is the additional strain of a high caseworker to client ratio of 1:120, which has largely been viewed as a compromise on quality.

1406:(Cth) makes it a crime punishment of two years imprisonment for an entrusted person to make record of or disclose "protected information". This raises issues relating to judicial power: by denying the court's access to information by which to evaluate a matter, it constitutes an impermissible interference on the functions of a court, following the decision in 770:

to 2,800; in 2009–10, more than 5,000 people came. The issue quickly became a political problem for Rudd. He claimed it was a change in the international political environment that caused the increase, not the abandonment of the Pacific Solution. When that idea failed to be accepted, he proposed what became known as the Indonesian Solution. Under the plan,

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The government later announced a plan to send sick refugees there, rather than hospitals on mainland Australia as was the intention of the Medevac bill. In the days following, Dutton said that because of this change in the law, Australians on waiting lists for hospital treatment and those already in public housing were going to be adversely affected.

214:. The definition of a fast track applicant was narrowed further by Immigration Minister Peter Dutton in an amendment to the definition under the "Migration Act 1958", which changed the date of arrival requirement from January 2012 to August 2012 for parents whose children wished to be put classified as fast track applicants. 139:. The definition of a fast track applicant was narrowed further by Immigration Minister Peter Dutton in an amendment to the definition under the "Migration Act 1958", which changed the date of arrival requirement from January 2012 to August 2012 for parents whose children wished to be put classified as fast track applicants. 53:, to which Australia is a party. Thousands of refugees have sought asylum in Australia over the past decade, with the main forces driving movement being war, civil unrest and persecution. The annual refugee quota in 2012 was 20,000 people. From 1945 to the early 1990s, more than half a million refugees and other 1470:

with many of the signees feeling that the agreement creates uncertainty and confusion as to which actions may jeopardise their applications. The effect of the Code of Behaviour has deterred refugees from community events out of fear that their participation could contribute to a denial of their applications.

344:' claim in November 2017 that Australia runs the most generous refugee program per capita in the world was misleading. Various complexities of the data are examined in the article, which says that Australia's level of refugee recognition is small compared to other wealthy nations (as well as poorer ones). 1380:

For the designated refugees that are eligible for work, many are prevented from entering the work force owing to issues of cultural competency and language. The overall effect is that the great majority of refugees in Australia are eager to workout without any pathways into the Australian work force.

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Over the period from the Abbott government through to the Morrison government, arrivals dropped to around 1,200. However, the conditions of those left on the islands has continued to garner national and worldwide attention. Immigration law specialist Professor Mary Crock said there was no statistical

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would end the Pacific Solution "because it is costly, unsustainable and wrong as a matter of principle". The policy was also highly criticised by human rights groups and refugees, including those imprisoned on Nauru who undertook hunger strikes from 2003 to 2008. The primary concern was that abuse of

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Historically, most asylum seekers arrived by plane. However, there was an increasing number of asylum seekers arriving by boat in the late 2000s and early 2010s, which was met with some public disapproval. In 2011–2012, asylum seekers arriving by boat outnumbered those arriving by plane for the first

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Compounding this factor is the exceptionally low income for most asylum seekers, arising from their inability to work legally in Australia (an issue that will be comprehensively discussed below). These low wages limit housing options for asylum seekers and leaves them susceptible to a higher risk of

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was narrowly passed by the Australian parliament allowing doctors to have more say in the process by which asylum seekers on Manus and Nauru may be brought to the mainland for treatment. The approval of two doctors is required, but approval may still be overridden by the home affairs minister in one

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in his place. Gillard argued it was wrong to give special privileges to asylum seekers. She was against a return to the Pacific Solution, instead arguing for the establishment of a regional offshore processing centre. Gillard's new position was welcomed in the polls, and in the August 2010 election,

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would be enlarged significantly. In exchange for taking the asylum seekers, Papua New Guinea would receive financial aid from Australia. Like Australia, Papua New Guinea is a signatory to United Nations Refugees Convention. Rudd said the policy was not intended to be permanent and would be reviewed

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facility in Papua New Guinea reopened in November. However, the centres could not keep up with demand, creating a large backlog. The first 6 months of the policy did not see a reduction in immigration attempts – in the first half of 2013, there were more than 15,000 asylum seekers. For the 6 months

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Over the next few years the number of asylum seekers arriving in the country increased substantially. According to parliamentary records, only 25 asylum seekers travelled by boat to Australia in the 2007–08 financial year. In 2008, there were 161 immigrants under asylum laws; in 2009, claims jumped

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Australia's humanitarian program is complex, but the basic structure is one of bifurcation between onshore and offshore processing of claims for people seeking asylum. While the onshore humanitarian program is common across most signatories to the 1951 Refugee Convention, it is Australia's offshore

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The processing of people seeking asylum that have arrived in Australia for status determination has undergone significant change over the past decade. The process for refugee status determination is dynamic, with the government's humanitarian program mainly diverging in process between on-shore and

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For asylum seekers that arrive in Australia and receive a temporary protection visa (subclass 785), they are given the right to live in the community and are largely given autonomy to choose housing. The Australian government does not provide services to link asylum seekers with potential housing.

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A few days later, after warning about an influx of asylum seeker boats by both Dutton and Morrison, the prime minister announced the re-opening of the Christmas Island detention facilities, implying that this change in the law would provide the signal for people smugglers to begin operating again.

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In June 2012, Gillard appointed an expert panel to make recommendations on the asylum issue by August 2012. The report included 22 recommendations. Following their recommendations, her government effectively reinstated the Pacific Solution, and re-introduced offshore processing for asylum seekers.

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The pic measurement of historical migration flows are not accurate, as methods of counting and categorisations have changed over the years. Post-war refugee immigrants, from 1947 to 1975, totalled about 297,000 refugees, the majority assisted by the government. Since then, the annual refugee quota

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The Code of Behaviour is an agreement asylum seekers sign when arriving in Australia that largely binds them to certain standards of behaviour while awaiting refugee status determination. This has been received by the community as casting a dark shadow for asylum seekers' experience in Australia,

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as a turning point in Labor Party policy, after having had almost identical asylum seeker policies as the Coalition for the past five years. He also points out the numerous obstacles any potential people smuggler or asylum seeker would have to face, because the deterrent aspects of the policy are

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campaigned on the asylum issue, and with Rudd refusing to engage with him in "a race to the bottom", polls showed the public strongly favouring Abbott's anti-asylum views. By this time, Rudd was struggling in the polls for a number of reasons and had lost the confidence of the Labor Party Caucus,

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The Status Resolution Support Services (SSRS) is the Department of Immigration and Border Protection's replacement for the previous Community Assistance Program that is meant to connect migrants and non-citizens with social services. The services are delivered under six different bands that vary

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The bleak outlook on income are working rights so described leads to a direct impact on the mental health of the asylum seeker community. For those asylum seekers that go on to be recognised as legally defined refugees, the labour opportunities are largely seen as a window dressing exercise. The

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The lack of ability to work forces asylum seekers in Australia to rely heavily on Centrelink payments. Their capacity to earn is then greatly reduced and there is an identifiable gap in the interstice between application for refugee status and refugee status determination where asylum seekers in

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Those granted bridging visas are able to access basic government services, including Centrelink and Medicare. They are able to move freely within their community, but are unable to choose the community that they live in, required to live an address designated by the Minister for Immigration and

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Historically, Australia was generally viewed as a world leader in resettling refugees, with more than 870,000 refugees resettled in Australia since World War II. Yet Australia is also one of the world's poorest in providing durable solutions to people who come here to claim protection – people

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General issues prevalent across most major cities in Australia in relation to housing are compounded in severity for asylum seekers. Housing affordability for most areas in proximity to city centres has become out of reach for both buyers and renters. In the two largest cities of Sydney and

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After arriving in Australia, the experience for any individual persons seeking asylum is largely impacted by the location they are placed, socioeconomic status, country of origin, age, sex and knowledge of the area, including family or friends that were in Australia prior to their arrival.

3899: 1183:'s offer to resettle 150 refugees within its existing quota was refused by the Australian Government several times. United States officials began assessing applications for asylum for refugees to be resettled in the United States as part of a deal struck with the Australian government. 568:

and Sino-Vietnamese refugees were returned to their place of origin after asylum claims were denied. The rapid repatriations meant that many citizens were unaware of the refugees. During this period a refugee from Indonesia was detained for 707 days before being granted refugee status.

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in the US in 2001, anti-Muslim rhetoric increased in Australia, as Muslims were the primary asylum seekers at the time. Following the Tampa Affair, the Commonwealth Migration Act (1958) was amended by the Howard government in September 2001. The amendments, which became known as the

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for processing. The asylum seekers were taken to Indonesia but refused to disembark until 17 November, after a deal was agreed upon. The asylum seekers were transferred to Indonesian detention, and after a month were determined to be refugees and resettled in several countries.

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A number of changes were implemented in July 2016 in relation to mandatory detention, both broadening opportunities for community integration by offering community alternatives and narrowing release through the creation of new immigration status designations. These included:

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In October 2021, the Australian Government cut off all support to the remaining men in PNG, leaving the PNG Government to take over responsibility for them. The remaining men were told that their options are transferring to the Nauru processing centre or resettling in PNG.

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In one of many protests that had taken place around Australia over asylum seeker policy activists disrupted the Australian Open men's tennis final in 2015. Demonstrators in the crowd and on court raised banners and wore t-shirts that read “Australia open for refugees".

1013:, however, called the plan "absolutely immoral". Human rights groups criticised the decision. "Mark this day in history as the day Australia decided to turn its back on the world's most vulnerable people, closed the door and threw away the key," said Graeme McGregor of 1192:

evidence that offshore processing itself deterred asylum seekers; it was rather boat push-backs that were more successful. People had become aware of the human cost as well as the monetary cost. "We've spent more on this than Trump is asking for his wall," she said.

992:, the Regional Settlement Agreement was drafted. Under the agreement, new asylum seekers would be sent to Papua New Guinea where legitimate cases would be granted asylum in that, but would lose any right to seek asylum in Australia. To accommodate the refugees, the 1294:

that "211 refugees and asylum seekers remained on Nauru, 228 in Papua New Guinea, and about 1,220, including their dependents, were in Australia to receive medical treatment". Transfer and resettlement of approved refugees in the US was proceeding during the

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the process could potentially develop in remote locations, and that immigration control would dominate over child protection issues, children being without an effective guardian. In July 2005, Australia ceased the practice of mandatory detention of children.

1114:, with the Prime Minister Tony Abbott responding "Nope, nope, nope. We have a very clear refugee and humanitarian program". However, later in the year the government unexpectedly increased its intake of refugees to accommodate persecuted minorities, such as 1273:

in late August 2018. In April 2020 they were awarded costs of more than $ 200,000 against the federal government, for lack of procedural fairness in assessing their youngest daughter's claim. After election of a Labor government under prime minister

654:, picked up 438 people whose vessel was sinking off the coast of Indonesia. Captain Rinnan first tried to slowly turn the boat towards Indonesia, after being threatened with prosecution by the Australian government. However, after a while the mainly 1530:, said former Prime Minister John Howard had been "a tricky chap " on immigration, by appearing "tough" on illegal immigration to win support from the working class, while simultaneously winning support from employers with high legal immigration. 116:

was withdrawn after an enquiry by a Senate Committee which reported on the Bill recommended that it should not proceed in light of the evidence presented to it, and it also became clear that it would be defeated in the Senate, with a number of

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Australia is one of two nation-states that currently employ a policy of shifting potential people seeking asylum by boat to other nation-states for processing of asylum claims. This policy receives support from both major political parties.

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It was estimated in July 2022 that there were around 100,000 asylum seekers in Australia, with around 30,000 of those whose applications for refugee status have been rejected, and the rest status as yet undetermined, or on temporary visas.

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to help improve the lives of these non-residents, some of whom live in poverty and suffer from mental health issues because of restrictions of their access to financial support and other welfare, and their uncertain futures, was rejected.

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Announcing the new policy, Rudd remarked "Australians have had enough of seeing people drowning in the waters to our north. Our country has had enough of people smugglers exploiting asylum seekers and seeing them drown on the high seas."

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Opinion polls show that boat arrivals have always been an issue of concern to the Australian public, but opposition has increased steadily over the previous four decades, according to a 2013 research paper by the Parliamentary Library.

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and gave temporary asylum to 4000 Kosovo Albanians by housing them in military facilities. The event shaped a pivotal change in Australian government policy toward refugees by offering temporary asylum instead of permanent settlement.

1541:, criticised Australia's policies of mandatory and off-shore immigration detention. Crépeau claimed that Australia had adopted a "punitive approach" towards migrants who arrived by boat which had served to "erode their human rights". 296:

The rate of arrivals by boat, the most controversial aspect of Australia's refugee policy, has been exceptionally volatile. It reached a peak of 20,587 people in 2013 (excluding crew), before falling again to zero two years later:

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Asylum seekers in Australia are precluded from the ability to work until a determination is made on their refugee status. The timeline for status determination varies considerably on a case-by-case basis. Until the passage of the

719:. The Pacific Solution was intended to remove the incentive for refugees to come to Australia. While detained offshore, asylum-seekers under the Pacific Solution were denied access to Australian lawyers and to protection under 1236:

still firmly in place, and the new legislation applies only to the approximately 1000 people still on Nauru and Manus (of whom only a relatively small number will be allowed to access the urgent medical attention they need).

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In July 2019 it was estimated that there were about 30,000 people living in Australia who are ineligible for permanent residency, because they came to the country by boat before 2014. Recommendations to the government by the

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to victory, to a large degree on the popularity of his "Stop the boats" slogan, after nearly 19,000 refugees had arrived by boat in the previous year (despite the number being relatively low by world standards). The

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until those persons can be returned to their home country. Australia is the only country in the world with a policy of mandatory detention and offshore processing of asylum seekers who arrive without a valid visa.

477:" followed between 1976 and 1982. The sporadic arrival of unauthorised boats was a cause of concern for the Australian people. The initial controversy regarding asylum seekers in Australia was mostly because of 1780: 1486:

was made public through the Palmer Inquiry, which stimulated concern in the Australian public about the detention of children in remote locations and the potential for resultant long-term psychological harm.

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Australia accepted more refugees than it ever had since it started a dedicated humanitarian migration program, with 24,162 migrants settled on humanitarian grounds. The number includes a special intake of

2015: 438:; the first were sent to Manus in 1968 by the Australian government. The camp was built by Australia in order to avoid a diplomatic confrontation with Indonesia, and for this reason they were not granted 1103:, as of November 2019. Their "zero tolerance" policies included the use of boat turn-backs, offshore detention and processing and tight control of information about any arrivals by the government. 666:

refused to allow the boat to land, saying it was a matter for Norway and Indonesia to work out between themselves. Neither made a move, creating a three way diplomatic standoff which became known as the

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time. Three waves of asylum seekers arriving by boat have been identified: Vietnamese between 1976 and 1981; Indochinese asylum seekers from 1989 to 1998; and people of Middle East origin from 1999.

246:(as opposed to "receiving") asylum seekers, Australia ranks 2nd in the world overall, 3rd per capita and 3rd as a proportion of GDP. The Council provides a wide range of statistics on its website. 2654: 4761: 746:

In 2002, the arrivals dropped from 5,516 the previous year to 1. From 2001 to 2007, fewer than 300 asylum seekers arrived. The program cost Australia more than AU$ 1 billion during that period.

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made adverse findings against Australia in a number of immigration detention cases, concluding that Australia had violated the prohibition on arbitrary detention in Article 9(1) of the

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In 2011, Australia received 2.5% of the world's total number of claims for asylum. During 2012, more than 17,000 asylum seekers arrived via boat. The majority of the refugees came from

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Nonetheless, there are recurrent difficulties that surface continuously in asylum seeker communities across Australia, in the interim between arrival and refugee status determination.

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The centre was formally closed on 31 October 2017, but as of February 2019, there were 600 asylum seekers still housed on the island in several transit centres near the main town of

3631: 4766: 4630: 3530: 1017:. Human rights lawyer David Mann called it a "fundamental abrogation of Australia's responsibilities" and doubted the legality of the policy. He has also questioned the record of 3993: 902:

In May 2011, the Gillard government announced plans to address the issue by swapping 800 new asylum seekers for 4,000 long-standing assessed refugees in Malaysia. The so-called

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refugees owing to particular circumstances in ongoing conflicts. (This was part of a far broader migration program for the year; the total number of migrants was 225,941.)

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asylum seekers noticed, so, concerned that if the ship continued to sail to Indonesia they might jump overboard or riot and harm the crew, decided to head back towards

4756: 4716: 2448: 3475: 4751: 4731: 1784: 2471: 2068:"Submission to Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs Committee Inquiry into the Migration Amendment (Unauthorised Maritime Arrivals and Other Measures) Bill 2012" 1814: 3504: 4640: 1457:

support given is unspecialised, with Jobactive largely ignoring the unique difficulties newly recognised refugees possess when searching for and obtaining work.

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granted the family a bridging visa which would allow the family to live and work in Biloela while they work towards the resolution of their immigration status.

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asylum seekers, Kokilapathmapriya Nadesalingam (Priya) and Nadesalingam Murugappan (Nades), were refused refugee status after settling and starting a family in

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is placed in a holding facility while security and health checks are performed. Additionally, the validity of the person's claim to asylum is assessed by the

2624: 1299:. 35 refugees left Port Moresby on 28 May 2020, and others would be flown from their places of detention within Australia, to be resettled in 18 US cities. 4625: 2554: 1666: 1495: 964:

called offshore processing "a completely unworkable, inhumane, unthinkable proposition". The Nauru processing facility was reopened in September, and the

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In September 2021, the Minister for Home Affairs signed a new deal with Nauru to keep an ongoing form of asylum seeker processing centre on the island.

4746: 4670: 2302: 671:. Australia seized control of the ship, drawing international criticism but strong support in Australia. After ten days, Australia struck a deal with 4665: 4655: 4645: 4635: 3120: 2270: 3941: 4979: 4741: 4698: 4620: 3926: 3548: 3407: 4355: 4129: 4047: 2864: 5010: 1323: 3426: 1854: 205:

People who arrived by boat on or after 13 August 2012 are not able to propose that their immediate family members also gain entry to Australia.

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Rally called by the Refugee Action Collective, calling for the release of 60 Medevac refugees currently being detained in Park Hotel, Carlton.

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almost 200,000 European refugees settled in Australia. Australia was reluctant to recognise a general "right of asylum" for refugees when the

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said there were "racial undertones" to the debate and that Australia's reputation in Asia was being damaged. In 2013, former Prime Minister

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Murugappan family was the subject of significant media attention in 2019, which continued until they were allowed back to Biloela in 2022.

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In July 2013, Rudd, who had recently returned to power as Prime Minister, announced that anyone who arrived in Australia by boat without a

3816: 2390: 2353: 4948: 4846: 4100: 442:. It was not a detention centre; the refugees were free to come and go, but remained stateless until granted citizenship by PNG in 2017. 3790: 774:

would receive financial aid and intelligence in exchange for cracking down on the people smugglers that transported the asylum seekers.

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In December 2019, the Medevac bill was repealed, after 37 votes to 35 in the senate supported the government's move to repeal the law.

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Nicholls, Seth (2014). "Perpetuating the problem: Neoliberalism, Commonwealth public policy and housing affordability in Australia".

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for boat arrivals. The deterrents did little to stop immigrants; roughly 12,000 asylum seekers reached Australia from 1999 to 2001.

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Australia's total refugee and humanitarian intake remained relatively constant between the mid-1980s and 2016, but peaked in 2017:

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in 2019, more than 50,000 people had arrived by boat and at least 1,200 people drowned at sea during the Rudd-Gillard-Rudd years.

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immigration law specialist Professor Mary Crock says that Australia's history of offshore processing goes back to the 1960s, when

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Seeking Asylum Alone, Australia: A Study of Australian Law, Policy and Practice Regarding Unaccompanied and Separated Children

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was not pleased with the deal, but went on to honour it, and as of February 2019 more than 500 refugees had moved to the US.

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reported that more than 600 asylum seekers had died en route to Australian territory between 2009 and 2013. According to the

404: 3270: 3222: 1981: 5051: 1322:

As of December 2021, there were 2,352 "Irregular Maritime Arrivals" (IMAs) who had applied for a protection visa and whose

699:, designed as a temporary holding centre, was set up, and asylum seekers were directed from there to nearby island nations 2327: 465:

The first recorded instance of asylum seekers arriving in Australia via unauthorised boat occurred in April 1976. Fleeing

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had expired; there are no statistics for non-IMAs under the same conditions. This group has no access to services like

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Refugees are governed by statutes and government policies which seek to implement Australia's obligations under the

5364: 5354: 5071: 4861: 1167: 1131: 1030: 1018: 993: 886: 723:. The combination of the boat arrivals and the September 11 were said to have turned the November 2001 election in 712: 152: 148: 20: 485:

calling for strikes on the matter. This led to the first detention of boat people. In response, the government of

5204: 2620: 1262: 1248: 1211: 1014: 3683: 2551: 2983: 2737: 2536: 2235: 2208: 1728: 81: 4208: 4198:"Eroding Our Identity as a Generous Nation: Community Views on Australia's Treatment of People Seeking Asylum" 1947: 762:

pledged to settle all asylum claims within three months and closed the Nauru detention facility. It abolished

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Refugee Council of Australia, 'State of the Nation: Refugees and People Seeking Asylum in Australia' (2017)

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described Rudd's decision as likely "part of a concerted effort" to nullify opposition attacks ahead of the

3427:"Deterring asylum seeking in Australia: bribing Indonesian smugglers to return asylum seekers to Indonesia" 2999: 2360: 1291: 1111: 482: 458: 235: 3817:"Asylum seeker family removed 'without warning' at dawn in central Queensland, Tamil Refugee Council says" 2274: 5276: 5153: 4582: 1084: 1009:

praised the substance of plan, but said Rudd's government was incapable of making it work. Greens leader

3154: 2872: 1196: 1002: 470: 5261: 5220: 4938: 3904: 1589: 1578: 1491: 763: 601: 535: 2898: 318: 270: 230:, between 2005 and 2009 Australia was ranked 47th out of 198 countries in the world in terms of the 210:

Migration and Maritime Powers Legislation Amendment (Resolving the Asylum Legacy Caseload) Bill 2014

137:

Migration and Maritime Powers Legislation Amendment (Resolving the Asylum Legacy Caseload) Bill 2014

134:

Migration and Maritime Powers Legislation Amendment (Resolving the Asylum Legacy Caseload) Bill 2014

5256: 4856: 4795: 3870:"Tamil girl 'not afforded procedural fairness' in Biloela family's asylum bid, Federal Court rules" 2842: 716: 679:

to have those nations temporarily host the refugees while Australia processed their asylum claims.

118: 65: 4481: 2172:"Australian Human Rights Commission calls for action over 30,000 asylum seekers living in 'limbo'" 121:

Senators threatening to vote against it or abstain. Six years later, another bill, designated the

5122: 5076: 5030: 4943: 4520:""Australia's human rights record blemished by punitive approach to migrants" – UN rights expert" 2816: 1269:

in March 2018, pending deportation. Various legal avenues were pursued, with the family taken to

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Some Labor members complained that Gillard had abandoned her principle for the sake of politics.

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seeking asylum – especially if they come by boat. This dichotomy has persisted into the present.

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in response to the prolonged detention. Eventually, all were determined to be genuine refugees.

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detention policy that is the most controversial and widely criticised by civil society members.

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Gittens, R. (20 August 2003). Honest John's migrant twostep. The Age. Retrieved 2 October from

3632:"Kerryn Phelps urges Wentworth voters to use byelection to protest 'inhumane' refugee policies" 3449: 2397: 2364: 1389:

Introduction of a new category of designated immigration status: adverse security assessments.

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to June 2014 however, the number has appeared to sharply reduce, with the immigration minister

739: 731: 474: 364: 4101:"Australia to stop processing asylum seekers in PNG but government's refugee policy unchanged" 870:

and move them to an Australia-funded immigration detention centre on the Indonesian island of

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in 2008. Only 45 of the 1,637 asylum seekers detained in Nauru were found not to be refugees.

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colony in the 1960s, causing thousands of refugees to flee into the then Australian colony of

68:

of the current government is to detain persons entering or being in Australia without a valid

5107: 5025: 4975:

Behrooz v Secretary of the Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs

2791: 2651:"Fifty years in the making: Refugees in Australia's first Manus camp offered PNG citizenship" 1609: 1538: 1075: 531: 422:

was set up to take refugees from West Papua. Known as "Salasia Camp", it consisted of a few

3096: 2726:

Kessels, Ronald; Maritsa Eftimiou (1993). "Effects of incarceration". In Crock, Mary (ed.).

2495:"Fact check: Does Australia run the most generous refugee program per capita in the world?" 2473:

Boat arrivals and boat 'turnbacks' in Australia since 1976: a quick guide to the statistics

1347: 1327: 683: 493:

refugee camps. At the time, the "open door" immigration policy enjoyed bipartisan support.

415: 3994:"Australia signs deal with Nauru to keep asylum seeker detention centre open indefinitely" 3843:"Commonwealth ordered to pay more than $ 200,000 in costs over Biloela asylum seeker case" 1150:, who agreed to take 1,250 of the refugees held on Manus Island and Nauru in exchange for 973:

claiming that there "had (not been) a successful people smuggling venture" in the period.

8: 3017: 2200:

Borderline: Australia's Treatment of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the Wake of the Tampa

1261:

in central Queensland, the community rallied to support the family, who became known as "

1040: 34:

has been granted to many refugees since 1945, when half a million Europeans displaced by

4546:"Deportation of Tamil asylum seeker family interrupted midair by last-minute injunction" 988:

would not be eligible for asylum. In co-operation with Papua New Guinean Prime Minister

88:

problem and one concerning the safety of those attempting to come to Australia by boat.

5291: 5271: 4969: 4933: 4279: 3942:"Dozens of refugees flown from Australia and PNG to US despite coronavirus travel bans" 1514: 1179:

The Australian government ruled out bringing people held on Manus Island to Australia.

1025: 961: 903: 527: 1807:"Ten myths around asylum seekers arriving on boats in Australian waters | News.com.au" 242:

basis in a list of countries that accept refugees. The Council found that in terms of

4964: 4907: 4897: 4385: 3920: 3542: 3014:"Australian Immigration Fact Sheet 60 – Australia's Refugee and Humanitarian Program" 2979: 2822: 2733: 2578: 2532: 2231: 2204: 2156: 2123: 1898: 1724: 1296: 1206: 1080: 957: 899:

Labor retained power in a minority government supported by a number of independents.

858: 663: 624:"We will decide who comes to this country and the circumstances in which they come." 597: 534:

policy aimed at deterring refugees. Under mandatory detention, anyone who enters the

184: 113: 38:

were given asylum. Since then, there have been periodic waves of asylum seekers from

4130:"Asylum seekers languish in Australia with no work, no hope and an uncertain future" 2016:"Provisions of the Migration Amendment (Designated Unauthorised Arrivals) Bill 2006" 5281: 5194: 5179: 4902: 4892: 4275: 3766:"Medevac repeal bill passes after Jacqui Lambie makes 'secret deal' with Coalition" 2768:

The Kosovar refugees: The experience of providing temporary safe haven in Australia

1565: 1545: 1498:. The longest-held detainee within the Australian immigration detention system was 1275: 1127: 1096: 1063: 989: 938: 720: 700: 688: 659: 613: 435: 380: 281: 54: 2818:

The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and their Origins

2257:"MIGRATION ACT 1958 - SECT 36 Protection visas--criteria provided for by this Act" 2124:"Migration Amendment (Unauthorised Maritime Arrivals and Other Measures) Act 2013" 314: 266: 5266: 5081: 3248: 3226: 3208: 3186: 2973: 2924: 2727: 2572: 2558: 2526: 2225: 2198: 2157:"Migration Act 1958 - Class of Persons Defined as Fast Track Applicants 2016/049" 1968: 1892: 1720:

The Ethics and Politics of Asylum: Liberal Democracy and the Response to Refugees

1718: 1339: 1335: 1265:" in the press. The family was removed in a dawn raid on their home and taken to 1151: 1010: 985: 539: 423: 337: 123:

Migration Amendment (Unauthorised Maritime Arrivals and Other Measures) Bill 2012

69: 39: 3476:"Migrants and Australia: Why Australia is accepting 12,000 more Syrian migrants" 3408:"Over a month on in post-election Australia: No mercy for refugees in Indonesia" 2422: 367:

is a term used for the historical policies responsible for the exclusion of non-

127:

Migration Amendment (Unauthorised Maritime Arrivals and Other Measures) Act 2013

5338: 5333: 5307: 5189: 4376: 1510: 1100: 1088: 1059: 970: 880:

a boat carrying around 90 asylum seekers sank off the coast of Christmas Island

867: 565: 501: 486: 478: 439: 376: 341: 194:

transported 2,432 men, including Georg Auer, to Australia from England in 1942.

85: 2042:"Submission: Migration Amendment (Designated Unauthorised Arrivals) Bill 2006" 5384: 5056: 4882: 4241: 4024: 3480: 1526: 1447:

Migration and Maritime Powers (Resolving the Asylum Legacy Caseload) Act 2015

1200: 1143: 895: 758:

abandoned the Pacific Solution, installing a more liberal asylum policy. The

735: 558: 466: 3710:"Explainer: how will the 'medevac' bill actually affect ill asylum seekers?" 3684:"Australia to Allow Medical Evacuation for Nauru and Manus Island Detainees" 3531:"Manus refugees given ultimatum as Turnbull government comes under pressure" 2450:

Australia's Humanitarian Program: a quick guide to the statistics since 1947

5328: 5323: 5286: 5225: 5091: 1583: 1521: 1506: 1483: 1279: 1232: 1203:

had urged voters to protest 'inhumane' refugee policies by voting for her.

1155: 1147: 1092: 965: 950: 934: 715:. There, asylum seekers had to undergo a lengthy process before they could 692: 668: 617: 496:

Professor Crock says that a type of offshore processing was used after the

490: 419: 400: 396: 372: 234:

of refugees hosted, out of those countries who host refugees. In 2012, the

35: 3505:"Tony Abbott to confirm Syrian airstrikes as pressure grows over refugees" 1307:

On 31 July 2021, there were 124 adults remaining in PNG and 107 on Nauru.

358: 5199: 5184: 4912: 3363:"Tony Abbott, the man who promised to 'stop the boats', sails to victory" 2845:. Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House. 28 October 2001 1499: 1180: 1006: 918: 890: 724: 672: 629: 585: 497: 384: 199: 77: 43: 426:

houses on a bare concrete slab, not far from a beach near the main town

4323:"Refugee Status Determination in Australia | Factsheet | Kaldor Centre" 2303:"Australia takes the most refugees since start of humanitarian program" 1331: 944: 907: 755: 573: 329: 190: 2729:

Protection Or Punishment: The Detention of Asylum Seekers in Australia

1342:, and are not allowed to work. They rely on free food from charities, 1154:

refugees coming to Australia. Upon taking office not long afterwards,

754:

After winning the 2007 election, the Labor Party under Prime Minister

584:

In 1999, Middle Eastern immigrants fleeing from oppressive regimes in

313:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

265:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

5132: 3611:"US hits refugee intake cap as Manus Island, Nauru refugees assessed" 1266: 1115: 1107: 980:

Part of the Manus Island regional processing facility in October 2012

926: 864: 771: 738:, then shadow minister for Population and Immigration, promised that 46:, with government policy and public opinion changing over the years. 4567: 3133:"Malaysia Swap Deal For Asylum Seekers Ruled Unlawful By High Court" 2766: 2561:. Department of Immigration and Citizenship. Retrieved 23 July 2013. 1537:

In 2016, the UN Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants,

208:

A new "fast track" assessment scheme was introduced in 2014 via the

132:

A new "fast track" assessment scheme was introduced in 2014 via the

5359: 1890: 1752: 1173: 649: 600:

extended the time they spent in mandatory detention and introduced

523: 427: 2391:"Australia's Refugee Response Not the Most Generous but in Top 25" 2354:"Australia's Refugee Response Not The Most Generous But in Top 25" 2039: 1350:

each month, and live in overcrowded, rundown properties together.

1207:

Medevac Bill & re-opening of Christmas Island: Feb to Dec 2019

1106:

In 2015, the government rejected suggestions that it would accept

504:

was designed to stop asylum seekers where they were, process them

399:

were accepted into Australia. In the eight years after the end of

5230: 4887: 4817: 4074:"Australia 'might just try to walk away' from PNG asylum seekers" 1258: 1142:

In 2016 Turnbull announced a new resettlement deal with the then

1134:. (It was these refugees who swelled the figures for 2016–2017.) 1119: 655: 557:

for 18 months without any progress on their status. Some began a

550: 286: 4377:

Department of Immigration and Border Protection (October 2015).

941:, leading to 17 confirmed deaths, with 70 other people missing. 110:

Migration Amendment (Designated Unauthorised Arrivals) Bill 2006

5235: 5117: 4482:

http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/08/19/1061261148920.html

3450:"PM rebuffs criticism over response to Rohingya refugee crisis" 3311:"Rudd says no illegal boat arrivals will resettle in Australia" 1413: 1254: 871: 645: 489:

authorised the immigration of more than 50,000 Vietnamese from

454: 368: 290: 3502: 3337:"Christine Milne laments 'Australia's day of shame' on asylum" 3289:"Morrison says no asylum seeker boat arrivals despite reports" 3121:

Authorities: Death toll up to 48 in Christmas Island shipwreck

1830:"Australia and asylum seekers: the key facts you need to know" 410: 91: 5066: 4985:

Plaintiff M70/2011 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship

3791:"Migration Amendment (Repairing Medical Transfers) Bill 2019" 1940:"Fact sheet - Australia's Refugee and Humanitarian programme" 1513:

described the positions of the major political parties as a "

1123: 1083:

clamped down further on boat arrivals, naming their strategy

708: 676: 481:. Employment and security concerns were also raised with the 198:

A compliance interview, often done with the assistance of an

4195: 1605:

List of Sri Lankan Tamil Asylum Seeker Suicides in Australia

1242: 1074:

At the federal election on 7 September 2013, Abbott led the

430:. Indonesia was preparing a military takeover of the former 3038: 2273:. Department of Immigration and Citizenship. Archived from 922: 593: 589: 4048:"Australia to end offshore processing in Papua New Guinea" 4020:"'Dark chapter': Advocates slam last days of Manus Island" 3071:"Oceanic Viking asylum-seekers to land tomorrow - reports" 1195:

Public opinion seemed to be reflected in the polls at the

1161: 894:

which, fearing defeat in the upcoming election, installed

500:. The regional processing regime established right across 450: 5061: 2948:"Hazara asylum seekers hunger strike on Nauru, 2003-2004" 2013: 1046: 3708:

Procter, Nicholas; Kenny, Mary Anne (13 February 2019).

2388: 2096: 1891:

Sawer, Marian; Norman Abjorensen; Philip Larkin (2009).

1855:"Australia under fire at UN over asylum seeker policies" 1667:"Australia Adopts Tough Measures to Curb Asylum Seekers" 1453:

Australia are placed into a tenuous financial position.

749: 2725: 2574:

Tampering with Asylum: A Universal Humanitarian Problem

2271:"Proposing an Immediate Family Member ('Split Family')" 2821:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 167. 1753:

Janet Phillips & Harriet Spinks (5 January 2011).

1219:

On 13 February 2019, a bill which became known as the

1186: 3503:

Lenore Taylor; Shalailah Medhora (8 September 2015).

2476:, Parliamentary Library of Australia, 17 January 2017 2453:, Parliamentary Library of Australia, 17 January 2017 2151: 2149: 1110:(a persecuted Muslim minority in Myanmar) during the 910:, partly because Malaysia was not a signatory to the 457:

entered Australia as a refugee in 1982 and was named

3249:"Australia flies first asylum seekers to Nauru camp" 2897:. Australian Human Rights Commission. Archived from 2793:

Albanian Muslims in Secular, Multicultural Australia

2621:"A history of Australia's offshore detention policy" 1555: 1496:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

1408:

Graham v Minister for Immigration and Border Control

1087:. This was implemented by then immigration minister 945:

Offshore processing resumed, PNG solution: 2012–2013

4852:

List of Australian immigration detention facilities

4431:"Paul Keating slams 'racist' tone of asylum debate" 3898:Gladstone, Ashleigh McMillan, Nigel (27 May 2022). 2121: 1600:

List of Australian immigration detention facilities

640:

A Christmas Island boat transports rescued refugees

4295:"Tell Me About: Bridging Visas for Asylum Seekers" 2771:(Ph.D.). University of Wollongong. pp. 23, 98 2146: 2040:Australian Human Rights Commission (1 June 2006). 851:Source: Department of Immigration and Citizenship 3529:Massola, Michael Koziol, James (30 August 2017). 2251: 2249: 2247: 2072:UNSW. Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law 1944:Australian Government. Department of Home Affairs 1692:"Government announces increase in refugee intake" 1502:, who was detained for six years and ten months. 549:In 1990, a number of asylum seekers arrived from 511: 508:, and then to distribute them in an orderly way. 5382: 4980:Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v SZMDS 3334: 3209:"Boat sinking reignites Australia asylum debate" 2552:Immigration to Australia During the 20th Century 2531:. Melbourne University Publish. pp. ix, 3. 2528:Asylum Seekers: Australia's Response to Refugees 2464: 2441: 2328:"At-a-glance: Who takes the most asylum claims?" 1781:"Asylum seekers and refugees What are the facts" 1410:. The matter was not fully resolved as of 2016. 445: 5011:Department of Immigration and Border Protection 4495:"Australian Actions at the Point of Assumption" 3389:"Postelection Australia: No mercy for refugees" 3097:"Australia looks to friends to resettle Tamils" 3039:Australian Associated Press (22 October 2009). 2925:"Is Australia asylum U-turn a 'better option'?" 2644: 2642: 2614: 2033: 1278:, on 25 May 2022 interim home affairs minister 526:began to arrive in Australia. In response, the 390: 5159:Minister for Immigration and Border Protection 4292: 4196:Refugee Council of Australia (December 2015). 4123: 4121: 3847:ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) 3821:ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) 3658:"Nine facts about the medical evacuation bill" 3447: 3424: 3405: 3386: 3064: 3062: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2244: 607: 4803: 4583: 4401: 4071: 3575:"Recent Changes in Australian Refugee Policy" 3308: 3304: 3302: 3271:"First asylum seekers arrive on Manus Island" 2577:. University of Queensland Press. p. 1. 2097:Law Council of Australia (17 December 2012). 1473: 1137: 1095:from December 2014 and under prime ministers 906:was eventually ruled unconstitutional by the 863:was involved in an operation to apprehend 78 857:In October 2009, the Australian customs boat 553:without documentation. They were detained at 359:"White Australia policy": Pre-federation-1973 228:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 51:Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 16:Overview of the right for asylum in Australia 3925:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3707: 3547:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2696: 2639: 1414:Arrival and processing in mainland Australia 1317: 1253:In a long-running case in which a couple of 576:(1999), the Australian government conducted 522:During the early 1990s, asylum seekers from 4949:Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees 4847:Australian immigration detention facilities 4118: 3732: 3730: 3225:. Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from 3155:"Australia debates offshore asylum centres" 3068: 3059: 3016:. Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from 2922: 2796:(Ph.D.). University of Aberdeen. p. 38 2591: 1723:. Cambridge University Press. p. 166. 1664: 411:West Papuan refugees on Manus Island: 1960s 395:In the 1930s more than 7,000 refugees from 92:Laws governing the status of asylum seekers 80:in Australian politics, with the two major 4810: 4796: 4590: 4576: 4537: 4428: 4404:"Our lives are in limbo: former detainees" 4234:"Temporary Protection visa (subclass 785)" 4011: 3939: 3893: 3891: 3299: 2648: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2014:Commonwealth of Australia (13 June 2006). 1799: 564:In the mid-1990s, numerous boats carrying 4543: 4072:Garbutt-Young, Lucinda (6 October 2021). 3897: 3187:"Australia to send asylum-seekers to PNG" 3152: 3069:Fitzpatrick, Stephen (17 November 2009). 3032: 2918: 2916: 2692: 2487: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1648: 1439: 1385:Refugees with adverse security assessment 544:Department of Immigration and Citizenship 4492: 4265: 3727: 2857: 2783: 2758: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2649:Armbruster, Stefan (25 September 2017). 2524: 2227:Desert Sorrow: Asylum Seekers at Woomera 1960:No longer available; reference to it in 1897:. Federation Press. pp. 27, 65–67. 1646: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1460: 1210: 1050: 975: 695:from the Australian migration zone. The 635: 449: 334:Australian Broadcasting Corporation News 183: 4045: 3991: 3888: 3528: 3425:Palmer, Wayne; Missbach, Antje (2019). 3406:Palmer, Wayne; Missbach, Antje (2019). 3387:Missbach, Antje; Palmer, Wayne (2019). 3223:"Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers: About" 3181: 3179: 3177: 3175: 2871:. Heinemann Interactive. Archived from 2808: 2746: 2570: 2300: 2289: 1755:"Boat arrivals in Australia since 1976" 1482:In 2005, the wrongful incarceration of 1302: 1162:Closure of Manus detention centre: 2017 705:Manus Island Regional Processing Centre 5383: 4544:Pengilley, Victoria (30 August 2019). 4191: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4127: 4017: 3867: 3763: 3629: 3360: 3148: 3146: 3000:"Asylum seekers, the facts in figures" 2913: 2789: 2721: 2719: 2520: 2518: 2516: 1827: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1716: 1047:Operation Sovereign Borders: Sept 2013 596:began to arrive in large numbers. The 555:Villawood Immigration Detention Centre 142: 4791: 4597: 4571: 4552:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation 4456:"Malcolm Fraser backs Greens senator" 4395: 4317: 4315: 4261: 4259: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4159: 3876:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation 3736: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3456:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation 3241: 2971: 2843:"Election Speeches John Howard, 2001" 2669: 2657:from the original on 18 February 2019 2627:from the original on 20 February 2019 2618: 2196: 2178:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation 2134:from the original on 19 February 2019 1934: 1932: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1625: 1505:In March 2012, former Prime Minister 1290:In March 2020, Home Affairs told the 1068:Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency 931:a boatload of asylum seekers capsized 750:End of offshore processing: 2007–2012 473:victory of 1975, an estimated 2,000 " 405:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 340:concluded that then Attorney-General 5052:Australasian Correctional Management 4474: 4448: 4422: 4379:"Code of Behaviour for Subclass 050" 3681: 3572: 3172: 3095:Kirk, Alexandra (17 December 2009). 3094: 3041:"Towing boats back is humane - Rudd" 3006: 2978:. Federation Press. pp. 11–12. 2945: 2895:"Human Rights Law Bulletin Volume 2" 2835: 2814: 2764: 2752: 2732:. Federation Press. pp. 93–94. 2415: 2223: 1924:Refugee Council of Australia Reports 1285: 299: 251: 179: 5241:2010 Christmas Island boat disaster 5138:United Nations Human Rights Council 5036:Maritime Border Command (Australia) 4268:Australian Journal of Social Issues 4138:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 4098: 3745:. No. 242. Schwartz Publishing 3682:Kwai, Isabella (12 February 2019). 3616:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 3361:Rourke, Alison (8 September 2013). 3328: 3201: 3143: 2965: 2716: 2564: 2513: 2346: 2320: 2263: 2217: 2190: 2130:. Federal Register of Legislation. 2128:Australian Government, No. 35, 2013 1737: 1187:Statistics and assessment: end 2018 13: 5021:Australian Human Rights Commission 4995:Plaintiff M61/2010E v Commonwealth 4990:Plaintiff S157/2002 v Commonwealth 4918:Indefinite detention without trial 4842:Immigration detention in Australia 4312: 4280:10.1002/j.1839-4655.2014.tb00316.x 4256: 4156: 3992:Doherty, Ben (24 September 2021). 3940:Armbruster, Stefan (21 May 2020). 3655: 3555: 3215: 1929: 1911: 1873: 1710: 1684: 1595:Immigration detention in Australia 1357: 1197:October 2018 Wentworth by-election 518:Immigration detention in Australia 173:Australian Human Rights Commission 165: 25:Immigration detention in Australia 14: 5402: 5370:Christmas Island Detention Centre 4499:The Commons Social Change Library 4144:from the original on 11 July 2022 3764:Martin, Sarah (4 December 2019). 3335:Oliver Laughland (19 July 2013). 2952:The Commons Social Change Library 2946:King, Hanna (30 September 2021). 2301:Doherty, Ben (11 February 2019). 2169: 2078:from the original on 9 April 2018 2048:from the original on 7 April 2016 1894:Australia: The State of Democracy 1544:The attempted deportation of the 1271:Christmas Island Detention Centre 697:Christmas Island Detention Centre 387:) from immigrating to Australia. 354:Post-war immigration to Australia 5365:Nauru Regional Processing Centre 5355:Manus Regional Processing Centre 4862:Illegal immigration to Australia 4512: 4493:McIntyre, Iain (23 March 2022). 4486: 4402:Andra Jackson (5 January 2008). 4370: 4340: 4293:Matthew.Bretag (17 April 2013). 3967:"Offshore processing statistics" 3630:Davies, Anne (14 October 2018). 2619:Baker, Nick (20 February 2019). 1558: 1403:Australian Border Force Act 2015 1168:Manus Regional Processing Centre 1019:human rights in Papua New Guinea 994:Manus Regional Processing Centre 713:Nauru Regional Processing Centre 304: 256: 153:Nauru Regional Processing Centre 149:Manus Regional Processing Centre 21:Immigration history of Australia 4286: 4226: 4128:Morris, Nathan (10 July 2022). 4092: 4065: 4046:Doherty, Ben (6 October 2021). 4039: 4018:Butler, Josh (8 October 2021). 3985: 3959: 3933: 3868:Hendry, Megan (17 April 2020). 3861: 3835: 3809: 3783: 3757: 3701: 3675: 3649: 3623: 3603: 3522: 3496: 3468: 3441: 3418: 3399: 3380: 3354: 3281: 3263: 3125: 3114: 3088: 3002:. Crikey.com.au. 17 April 2009. 2992: 2939: 2887: 2697:Robert Manne (September 2010). 2545: 2382: 2163: 2115: 2090: 2060: 2007: 1995: 1974: 1249:Murugappan family asylum claims 1243:"Biloela family" asylum seekers 1015:Amnesty International Australia 691:, excised Christmas Island and 76:Asylum policy is a contentious 4616:Federated States of Micronesia 4099:Faa, Marian (6 October 2021). 3737:Manne, Robert (2 March 2018). 3448:Woodley, Naomi (22 May 2015). 3309:Paul Bleakley (19 July 2013). 2923:Phil Mercer (15 August 2012). 2389:Refugee Council of Australia. 2363:. 19 July 2013. Archived from 2230:. Wakefield Press. p. 1. 1847: 1821: 1773: 512:Mandatory detention: the 1990s 223:has varied from year to year. 101:off-shore arrivals. While the 82:political parties in Australia 57:were accepted into Australia. 1: 5113:Asylum Seeker Resource Centre 4867:Immigrant health in Australia 2203:. UNSW Press. pp. 3, 8. 1828:Rogers, Simon (2 July 2013). 1618: 1574:Asylum Seeker Resource Centre 1346:given to them in cash by the 1199:, after successful candidate 734:opposed the policy. In 2003, 446:Vietnamese boat people: 1970s 217: 5391:Right of asylum in Australia 5348:Offshore detention locations 4429:Paul Maley (23 March 2012). 4327:www.kaldorcentre.unsw.edu.au 3971:Refugee Council of Australia 3900:"Election 2022 results Live" 3739:"The myth of the great wave" 3582:Refugee Council of Australia 3153:Neil Hume (14 August 2012). 2427:Refugee Council of Australia 2361:Refugee Council of Australia 1665:Matt Siegel (19 July 2013). 1126:, from the conflicts of the 483:Waterside Workers Federation 459:Young Australian of the Year 391:World War II refugees: 1930s 236:Refugee Council of Australia 84:arguing that the issue is a 7: 5277:Operation Sovereign Borders 5154:Prime Minister of Australia 1761:. Commonwealth of Australia 1717:Gibney, Matthew J. (2004). 1551: 1490:Between 1998 and 2008, the 1393:Visa cancellations and the 1091:and continued by successor 1085:Operation Sovereign Borders 776: 608:Pacific Solution: 2001–2007 347: 238:ranked Australia 22nd on a 10: 5407: 5317:Wrongfully detained people 5301:Investigations and reports 5016:Department of Home Affairs 1474:Public debate and politics 1422: 1292:Senate estimates committee 1246: 1165: 1138:US refugee swap deal: 2016 1076:Liberal/National coalition 948: 912:1951 UN Refugee Convention 764:temporary protection visas 730:At the time, the minority 611: 602:temporary protection visas 515: 351: 146: 18: 5347: 5316: 5300: 5262:Temporary protection visa 5249: 5221:Children Overboard affair 5213: 5172: 5164:Minister for Home Affairs 5146: 5100: 5044: 5003: 4957: 4939:Australian migration zone 4926: 4875: 4829: 4707: 4684: 4603: 4460:The Sydney Morning Herald 3905:The Sydney Morning Herald 3137:The Sydney Morning Herald 2699:"Comment: Asylum Seekers" 2557:18 September 2012 at the 2122:Parliament of Australia. 1590:Human rights in Australia 1579:Children Overboard affair 1492:UN Human Rights Committee 1318:December 2021 – July 2022 850: 782:and humanitarian program 779: 536:Australian migration zone 5257:Visa policy of Australia 5128:Médecins Sans Frontières 5004:Government organisations 4857:Immigration to Australia 4762:Northern Mariana Islands 3251:. BBC. 14 September 2012 2765:Carr, Robert A. (2011). 1967:19 February 2019 at the 5123:Human Rights Law Centre 5077:Canstruct International 5031:Australian Border Force 4944:1951 Refugee Convention 4727:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 3795:Parliament of Australia 2790:Ahmeti, Sharon (2017). 2571:Brennan, Frank (2007). 2020:Parliament of Australia 1112:Rohingya refugee crisis 5173:Notable asylum seekers 5087:Surveillance Australia 4299:www.humanrights.gov.au 2525:McMaster, Don (2001). 1440:Income and work rights 1216: 1071: 1062:visiting hotspots for 981: 937:between Indonesia and 717:immigrate to Australia 703:, to be housed in the 641: 626: 475:Vietnamese boat people 462: 365:White Australia policy 195: 5108:Amnesty International 5026:Royal Australian Navy 4819:Immigration detention 4710:and other territories 2197:Mares, Peter (2002). 1461:Procedural challenges 1214: 1166:Further information: 1054: 1031:2013 federal election 979: 882:, killing 48 people. 639: 622: 453: 187: 147:Further information: 5147:Government officials 3211:. BBC. 25 June 2012. 2972:Crock, Mary (2006). 2815:Jupp, James (2001). 2074:. 14 December 2012. 1817:on 21 November 2013. 1367:Community placements 1348:Australian Red Cross 1338:) payments or other 1303:July to October 2021 1057:Immigration Minister 684:September 11 attacks 578:Operation Safe Haven 416:University of Sydney 5101:Other organisations 4837:Asylum in Australia 4823:asylum in Australia 3656:Murphy, Katharine. 3431:Court of Conscience 3277:. 21 November 2012. 3189:. BBC. 19 July 2013 3045:The Daily Telegraph 2429:. 24 September 2016 2403:on 17 December 2014 1986:(Cth) ss 198, 198A" 1520:In 2003, economist 1372:Border Protection. 1041:Morrison government 780:Australia's refugee 532:mandatory detention 407:was being drafted. 371:origin, especially 143:Offshore processing 32:Asylum in Australia 5292:Malaysian Solution 5272:Operation Resolute 4970:Ruddock v Vadarlis 4934:Migration Act 1958 3797:. 14 December 2010 3743:The Saturday Paper 3591:on 19 October 2016 3573:RCOA (July 2016). 3484:. 9 September 2015 2901:on 3 February 2014 2501:. 23 February 2018 2224:Mann, Tom (2003). 2170:Borys, Stephanie. 2002:Migration Act 1958 1984:Migration Act 1958 1861:. 10 November 2015 1671:The New York Times 1515:race to the bottom 1263:the Biloela family 1217: 1072: 1037:The New York Times 1026:The New York Times 982: 962:Sarah Hanson-Young 904:Malaysian Solution 878:In December 2010, 648:freight ship, the 644:In August 2001, a 642: 528:Keating government 463: 196: 112:introduced by the 103:Migration Act 1958 5378: 5377: 5205:Murugappan family 5045:Private companies 4965:Al-Kateb v Godwin 4908:Human trafficking 4898:Illegal immigrant 4785: 4784: 4777:Wallis and Futuna 4685:Associated states 4598:Asylum in Oceania 4410:. Fairfax Digital 4391:on 11 March 2017. 4358:on 18 August 2017 4352:www.border.gov.au 4244:on 18 August 2017 4238:www.border.gov.au 4214:on 18 August 2017 3973:. 27 October 2019 3139:. 31 August 2011. 2875:on 21 August 2006 1950:on 18 August 2017 1524:, a columnist at 1297:COVID-19 pandemic 1286:March to May 2020 1231:This was seen by 1081:Abbott government 855: 854: 664:Howard government 598:Howard government 381:Pacific Islanders 326: 325: 278: 277: 226:According to the 180:Claims processing 114:Howard government 55:displaced persons 5398: 5282:Pacific Solution 5195:Dina Ali Lasloom 5180:Behrouz Boochani 4903:People smuggling 4893:Stateless person 4812: 4805: 4798: 4789: 4788: 4767:Pitcairn Islands 4737:French Polynesia 4722:Christmas Island 4651:Papua New Guinea 4631:Marshall Islands 4604:Sovereign states 4592: 4585: 4578: 4569: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4516: 4510: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4490: 4484: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4399: 4393: 4392: 4390: 4384:. Archived from 4383: 4374: 4368: 4367: 4365: 4363: 4354:. Archived from 4348:"SRSS Programme" 4344: 4338: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4319: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4290: 4284: 4283: 4263: 4254: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4240:. Archived from 4230: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4213: 4207:. Archived from 4202: 4193: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4125: 4116: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4096: 4090: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4069: 4063: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4043: 4037: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4015: 4009: 4008: 4006: 4004: 3989: 3983: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3963: 3957: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3937: 3931: 3930: 3924: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3895: 3886: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3865: 3859: 3858: 3856: 3854: 3839: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3813: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3787: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3761: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3734: 3725: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3714:The Conversation 3705: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3653: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3627: 3621: 3620: 3607: 3601: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3590: 3584:. Archived from 3579: 3570: 3553: 3552: 3546: 3538: 3526: 3520: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3500: 3494: 3493: 3491: 3489: 3472: 3466: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3412:The Conversation 3403: 3397: 3396: 3393:The Jakarta Post 3384: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3332: 3326: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3315:Australian Times 3306: 3297: 3296: 3285: 3279: 3278: 3267: 3261: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3245: 3239: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3219: 3213: 3212: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3183: 3170: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3150: 3141: 3140: 3129: 3123: 3118: 3112: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3092: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3066: 3057: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3036: 3030: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3010: 3004: 3003: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2969: 2963: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2920: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2891: 2885: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2839: 2833: 2832: 2812: 2806: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2787: 2781: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2762: 2756: 2750: 2744: 2743: 2723: 2714: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2694: 2667: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2646: 2637: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2616: 2589: 2588: 2568: 2562: 2549: 2543: 2542: 2522: 2511: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2491: 2485: 2484: 2483: 2481: 2468: 2462: 2461: 2460: 2458: 2445: 2439: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2419: 2413: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2402: 2396:. Archived from 2395: 2386: 2380: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2370:on 5 August 2013 2369: 2358: 2350: 2344: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2334:. 5 January 2011 2324: 2318: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2298: 2287: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2267: 2261: 2260: 2253: 2242: 2241: 2221: 2215: 2214: 2194: 2188: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2167: 2161: 2160: 2153: 2144: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2119: 2113: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2103: 2094: 2088: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2064: 2058: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2037: 2031: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2011: 2005: 1999: 1993: 1992: 1990: 1978: 1972: 1959: 1957: 1955: 1946:. Archived from 1936: 1927: 1920: 1909: 1908: 1888: 1871: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1825: 1819: 1818: 1813:. Archived from 1803: 1797: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1787:on 18 March 2015 1783:. Archived from 1777: 1771: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1759:Background Notes 1750: 1735: 1734: 1714: 1708: 1707: 1705: 1703: 1698:. 23 August 2012 1688: 1682: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1662: 1568: 1566:Australia portal 1563: 1562: 1561: 1546:Sri Lankan Tamil 1539:François Crépeau 1395:Border Force Act 1345: 1276:Anthony Albanese 1152:Central American 1128:Syrian Civil War 1097:Malcolm Turnbull 1064:people smuggling 939:Christmas Island 929:. In June 2012, 777: 701:Papua New Guinea 689:Pacific Solution 660:Christmas Island 632: 614:Pacific Solution 436:Papua New Guinea 432:Dutch New Guinea 308: 307: 300: 260: 259: 252: 5406: 5405: 5401: 5400: 5399: 5397: 5396: 5395: 5381: 5380: 5379: 5374: 5343: 5312: 5296: 5267:Operation Relex 5245: 5209: 5168: 5142: 5096: 5082:Wilson Security 5040: 4999: 4953: 4922: 4871: 4825: 4816: 4786: 4781: 4709: 4703: 4686: 4680: 4661:Solomon Islands 4599: 4596: 4566: 4565: 4555: 4553: 4542: 4538: 4528: 4526: 4518: 4517: 4513: 4503: 4501: 4491: 4487: 4479: 4475: 4465: 4463: 4454: 4453: 4449: 4439: 4437: 4427: 4423: 4413: 4411: 4400: 4396: 4388: 4381: 4375: 4371: 4361: 4359: 4346: 4345: 4341: 4331: 4329: 4321: 4320: 4313: 4303: 4301: 4291: 4287: 4264: 4257: 4247: 4245: 4232: 4231: 4227: 4217: 4215: 4211: 4200: 4194: 4157: 4147: 4145: 4126: 4119: 4109: 4107: 4097: 4093: 4083: 4081: 4070: 4066: 4056: 4054: 4044: 4040: 4030: 4028: 4016: 4012: 4002: 4000: 3990: 3986: 3976: 3974: 3965: 3964: 3960: 3950: 3948: 3938: 3934: 3918: 3917: 3910: 3908: 3896: 3889: 3879: 3877: 3866: 3862: 3852: 3850: 3849:. 27 April 2020 3841: 3840: 3836: 3826: 3824: 3823:. 12 March 2018 3815: 3814: 3810: 3800: 3798: 3789: 3788: 3784: 3774: 3772: 3762: 3758: 3748: 3746: 3735: 3728: 3718: 3716: 3706: 3702: 3692: 3690: 3680: 3676: 3666: 3664: 3654: 3650: 3640: 3638: 3628: 3624: 3619:. 13 July 2017. 3609: 3608: 3604: 3594: 3592: 3588: 3577: 3571: 3556: 3540: 3539: 3527: 3523: 3513: 3511: 3501: 3497: 3487: 3485: 3474: 3473: 3469: 3459: 3457: 3454:The World Today 3446: 3442: 3423: 3419: 3404: 3400: 3385: 3381: 3371: 3369: 3359: 3355: 3345: 3343: 3333: 3329: 3319: 3317: 3307: 3300: 3295:. 30 June 2014. 3287: 3286: 3282: 3269: 3268: 3264: 3254: 3252: 3247: 3246: 3242: 3232: 3230: 3229:on 30 July 2013 3221: 3220: 3216: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3192: 3190: 3185: 3184: 3173: 3163: 3161: 3159:Financial Times 3151: 3144: 3131: 3130: 3126: 3119: 3115: 3105: 3103: 3093: 3089: 3079: 3077: 3067: 3060: 3050: 3048: 3037: 3033: 3023: 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1975: 1969:Wayback Machine 1953: 1951: 1938: 1937: 1930: 1921: 1912: 1905: 1889: 1874: 1864: 1862: 1853: 1852: 1848: 1838: 1836: 1826: 1822: 1811:www.news.com.au 1805: 1804: 1800: 1790: 1788: 1779: 1778: 1774: 1764: 1762: 1751: 1738: 1731: 1715: 1711: 1701: 1699: 1690: 1689: 1685: 1675: 1673: 1663: 1626: 1621: 1564: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1476: 1463: 1442: 1425: 1416: 1360: 1358:Changes in 2016 1343: 1340:social services 1336:social security 1320: 1305: 1288: 1251: 1245: 1209: 1189: 1170: 1164: 1140: 1049: 1011:Christine Milne 953: 947: 781: 760:Rudd government 752: 634: 628: 620: 612:Main articles: 610: 520: 514: 479:family reunions 471:Communist Party 448: 424:corrugated iron 413: 393: 361: 356: 350: 322: 309: 305: 274: 261: 257: 220: 182: 168: 166:Legacy caseload 155: 145: 94: 40:South East Asia 27: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5404: 5394: 5393: 5376: 5375: 5373: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5351: 5349: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5341: 5339:Stefan Nystrom 5336: 5334:Robert Jovicic 5331: 5326: 5320: 5318: 5314: 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4713: 4711: 4705: 4704: 4702: 4701: 4696: 4690: 4688: 4687:of New Zealand 4682: 4681: 4679: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4607: 4605: 4601: 4600: 4595: 4594: 4587: 4580: 4572: 4564: 4563: 4536: 4511: 4485: 4473: 4447: 4435:The Australian 4421: 4394: 4369: 4339: 4311: 4285: 4274:(3): 329–347. 4255: 4225: 4155: 4117: 4091: 4064: 4038: 4010: 3984: 3958: 3932: 3887: 3860: 3834: 3808: 3782: 3756: 3726: 3700: 3688:New York Times 3674: 3648: 3622: 3602: 3554: 3521: 3495: 3467: 3440: 3417: 3398: 3379: 3353: 3327: 3298: 3280: 3262: 3240: 3214: 3200: 3171: 3142: 3124: 3113: 3087: 3075:The Australian 3058: 3031: 3020:on 8 July 2013 3005: 2991: 2984: 2964: 2938: 2912: 2886: 2865:"Tampa Crisis" 2856: 2834: 2827: 2807: 2782: 2757: 2755:, p. 166. 2745: 2738: 2715: 2668: 2638: 2590: 2584:978-0702235818 2583: 2563: 2544: 2537: 2512: 2486: 2463: 2440: 2414: 2381: 2345: 2319: 2288: 2262: 2243: 2236: 2216: 2209: 2189: 2162: 2145: 2114: 2089: 2059: 2032: 2006: 2004:(Cth), s 198AA 1994: 1973: 1928: 1910: 1904:978-1862877252 1903: 1872: 1846: 1820: 1798: 1772: 1736: 1729: 1709: 1683: 1623: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1581: 1576: 1570: 1569: 1553: 1550: 1511:Malcolm Fraser 1475: 1472: 1462: 1459: 1441: 1438: 1424: 1421: 1415: 1412: 1398: 1397: 1387: 1386: 1378: 1377: 1369: 1368: 1359: 1356: 1319: 1316: 1304: 1301: 1287: 1284: 1247:Main article: 1244: 1241: 1221:"Medevac bill" 1208: 1205: 1188: 1185: 1163: 1160: 1139: 1136: 1101:Scott Morrison 1089:Scott Morrison 1060:Scott Morrison 1048: 1045: 971:Scott Morrison 946: 943: 868:asylum seekers 860:Oceanic Viking 853: 852: 848: 847: 844: 840: 839: 836: 832: 831: 828: 824: 823: 820: 816: 815: 812: 808: 807: 804: 800: 799: 796: 792: 791: 788: 784: 783: 751: 748: 721:Australian law 682:Following the 621: 609: 606: 516:Main article: 513: 510: 502:Southeast Asia 487:Malcolm Fraser 447: 444: 440:refugee status 412: 409: 392: 389: 360: 357: 349: 346: 342:George Brandis 332:" produced by 324: 323: 312: 310: 303: 282:financial year 276: 275: 264: 262: 255: 219: 216: 181: 178: 167: 164: 144: 141: 93: 90: 86:border control 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5403: 5392: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5346: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5321: 5319: 5315: 5309: 5306: 5305: 5303: 5299: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5248: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5212: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5171: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5145: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5099: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5072:Paladin Group 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5057:Broadspectrum 5055: 5053: 5050: 5049: 5047: 5043: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 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4586: 4581: 4579: 4574: 4573: 4570: 4551: 4547: 4540: 4525: 4524:www.ohchr.org 4521: 4515: 4500: 4496: 4489: 4483: 4477: 4462:. 6 July 2013 4461: 4457: 4451: 4436: 4432: 4425: 4409: 4405: 4398: 4387: 4380: 4373: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4343: 4328: 4324: 4318: 4316: 4300: 4296: 4289: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4262: 4260: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4229: 4210: 4206: 4199: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4124: 4122: 4106: 4102: 4095: 4079: 4075: 4068: 4053: 4049: 4042: 4027: 4026: 4025:The New Daily 4021: 4014: 3999: 3995: 3988: 3972: 3968: 3962: 3947: 3943: 3936: 3928: 3922: 3907: 3906: 3901: 3894: 3892: 3875: 3871: 3864: 3848: 3844: 3838: 3822: 3818: 3812: 3796: 3792: 3786: 3771: 3767: 3760: 3744: 3740: 3733: 3731: 3715: 3711: 3704: 3689: 3685: 3678: 3663: 3659: 3652: 3637: 3633: 3626: 3618: 3617: 3612: 3606: 3587: 3583: 3576: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3550: 3544: 3536: 3532: 3525: 3510: 3506: 3499: 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