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233:, would be four years and without the right to re-election for the immediately following term; the same applied to the vice-president. At the time, the vice-president was elected independently of the presidential nominee, which allowed the selection of the opposition candidate. If a president died or resigned, his vice-president would only assume office until new elections were held, instead of serving until the end of the four-year term, as is the case today. The presidential elections took place in the last year of the presidential term, on March 1, and those elected were sworn in on November 15.
259:- was extinguished. Brazil no longer had an official religion and the monopoly on civil registrations was transferred to the federal government. Registry offices for birth, marriage and death registrations were created, as well as public cemeteries, where anyone could be buried, regardless of their creed. The federal government also assumed the control of education and established several public elementary and middle schools; the 1891 Constitution banned religious education in public establishments. The separation angered the church, which only reconciled with the government during the
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was also defined: elections would no longer take place within churches, the government would no longer interfere in the choice of high clergy positions, such as bishops, deacons and cardinals, and the definition of a parish as an administrative unit - which was equivalent to a municipality as well as
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were abolished and no aristocratic privilege was recognized; the most influential kept their symbols during the
Republic out of respect and courtesy. Under the new constitution, Brazilians who accepted any foreign title that contradicted the republican precepts of the 1891 text, without the express
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As for the electoral rules, it was determined that the vote in Brazil would remain non-secret (the voter's signature on the ballot became compulsory) and universal (the census suffrage, which defined voters by their income, was abolished, but illiterate people, religious people subject to
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was to increase the decentralization of power and strengthen regional oligarchies by weakening central power, especially the military. The influence of São Paulo, holder of the largest share of the
Brazilian GDP at the time, was decisive. The first republican party was formed through the
175:, as it gave great autonomy to the municipalities and the former provinces, which became states. It established the existence of three independent branches of government: the Executive, the Legislative and the Judiciary. The old
179:, symbol of the monarchy, was abolished. The members of the Legislative and Executive branches would be elected by direct popular vote, which characterized them as representatives of the citizens in national political life.
148:. After a year of negotiations with the branches of government responsible for ruling Brazil, the Brazilian Constitution of 1891 was promulgated on February 24, 1891. The main authors of the text were
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Freedom of association and assembly without arms were enshrined, the accused were guaranteed the fullest rights of defense, the sentences of galleys, judicial banishment and death were abolished,
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Candidates for the effective vote would be chosen by men over the age of 21, with the exception of illiterates, beggars, soldiers, women and religious who were subject to the vote of obedience;
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was responsible for regulating the system for elections to federal political office, and the state assemblies for regulating state and municipal elections, which would only change from the
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principles were suppressed because the landowning oligarchies, through their representatives, had a strong influence on the drafting of the text. The objective of the coffee growers of
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onwards with the creation of the
Electoral Justice. District voting was maintained, with the election of three deputies for each electoral district in the country.
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1889: Como um imperador cansado, um marechal vaidoso e um professor injustiçado contribuíram para o fim da
Monarquia e a Proclamação da República no Brasil
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An area of 14,400 square kilometers allocated for the future transfer of Brazil's capital to the central plateau was transferred to the federal government.
144:
In 1889, discussions about drafting a new constitution began. The text would become the first republican constitution and remain in force throughout the
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124:), promulgated on February 24, 1891, was the country's second constitution and the first of the republican period. The form of government became the
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was instituted and federal judges were guaranteed magistracy (life tenure, permanent immovability and irreducibility of salaries).
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The states of the
Federation began to have their constitutions hierarchically organized in relation to the federal constitution;
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The
National Congress was responsible for the Legislative Power, composed of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies;
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The terms of office were four years for the president, nine years for senators and three years for federal deputies;
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The
Catholic Church was dismembered from the Brazilian state and ceased to be the country's official religion;
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The 1891 Constitution was drafted based on the fundamental principles of the US Constitution. However, the
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authorization of
Congress, would lose their political rights. The Imperial Order of the Cross and the
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691:
33:
Constitution of the
Republic of the United States of Brazil of 1891 held by the National Archives
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272:
561:"A construção da laicidade na Constituição da República dos Estados Unidos do Brasil de 1891"
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The
President and vice-president would not be re-elected for the immediately following term;
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The vice-president of the Republic would hold the presidency of the Senate at the same time;
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8:
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109:
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454:"CONSTITUIÇÃO DA REPÚBLICA DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DO BRASIL ( DE 24 DE FEVEREIRO DE 1891)"
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ecclesiastical obedience and beggars were still excluded from the right to vote). The
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The provinces were renamed states, with greater autonomy within the Federation;
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The copy from the time with the signatures of the constituents is kept by the
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209:, c. 1891. Once the 1st Republican Constitution was promulgated, Marshals
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536:"Estado laico, voto e federalismo: saiba mais da Constituição de 1891"
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The President of the Republic became the head of the Executive Branch;
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283:, but kept many of the characteristics of their predecessors.
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Elections were now by direct vote, but remained non-secret;
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Page 01 of the 1891 Constitution of the Republic of Brazil.
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Constitution of the Republic of the United States of Brazil
122:
Constituição da República dos Estados Unidos do Brasil
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93:Constituição de 1891 dos Estados Unidos do Brasil
678:
478:"EMENDA CONSTITUCIONAL DE 3 DE SETEMBRO DE 1926"
321:The main aspects of the 1891 Constitution were:
626:Full text of the Brazilian Constitution of 1891
128:, composed of twenty states (previously called
275:were officially abolished and replaced by the
165:Constitution of the United States of America
159:The 1891 Constitution was inspired by the
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328:Senators no longer held lifetime office;
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188:Signature of the draft 1891 Constitution
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325:Abolition of monarchical institutions;
534:Ferreira, Luiz Claudio (2021-02-24).
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277:National Orders of the Southern Cross
156:. The text was only amended in 1926.
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221:The system of government chosen was
161:Constitution of the Argentine Nation
169:Federal Constitution of Switzerland
16:Brazilian statute between 1891-1934
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334:Presidential system of government;
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132:), and the Federal District (the
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114:Constituição brasileira de 1891
612:. Vol. 2. Federal Senate.
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250:separation of church and state
225:and the term of office of the
192:Casa de Rui Barbosa Foundation
171:. It was characterized by the
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106:Brazilian Constitution of 1891
76:Brazilian Constitution of 1824
22:Brazilian Constitution of 1891
1:
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559:Alphonse, Ana Luiza (2021).
482:Federal Government of Brazil
458:Federal Government of Brazil
304:National Archives of Brazil.
67:Constituent Assembly of 1891
7:
377:
10:
723:
603:Baleeiro, Aliomar (2012).
407:Gomes, Laurentino (2013).
173:decentralization of powers
606:Constituições Brasileiras
579:"CONVENÇÃO DE ITU – 1873"
227:President of the Republic
211:Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca
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253:a district, village and
207:Oath of the Constitution
48:United States of Brazil
707:Constitution of Brazil
511:"Constituição de 1891"
389:Constitution of Brazil
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273:Imperial Order of Avis
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134:city of Rio de Janeiro
687:Defunct constitutions
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266:Nobility and private
203:Aurélio de Figueiredo
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185:
126:Federative Republic
55:Date effective
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288:liberal democratic
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150:Prudente de Morais
420:978-85-250-5515-6
384:History of Brazil
243:1934 Constitution
239:National Congress
194:, Rio de Janeiro.
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413:. Globo Livros.
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543:. Retrieved
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44:Jurisdiction
702:1891 in law
592:(24). 2019.
309:Main points
261:Estado Novo
231:direct vote
190:, c. 1891.
154:Ruy Barbosa
140:Elaboration
681:Categories
545:2024-01-08
520:2024-01-08
487:2024-01-08
463:2024-01-08
395:References
110:Portuguese
97:Wikisource
72:Supersedes
292:São Paulo
130:provinces
82:Full text
64:Author(s)
378:See also
279:and the
167:and the
39:Overview
659:History
633:Portals
256:comarca
647:Brazil
417:
163:, the
610:(PDF)
586:AleSP
582:(PDF)
565:UFSC
415:ISBN
299:.
248:The
213:and
152:and
104:The
671:Law
515:UOL
136:).
95:at
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120:(
108:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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