1867:
2342:
House is used for important legislation. Several other types of committees, including Select
Committees, may be used, but rarely. A committee considers the bill clause by clause, and reports the bill as amended to the House, where further detailed consideration ("consideration stage" or "report stage") occurs. However, a practice which used to be called the "kangaroo" (Standing Order 32) allows the Speaker to select which amendments are debated. This device is also used under Standing Order 89 by the committee chairman, to restrict debate in committee. The Speaker, who is impartial as between the parties, by convention selects amendments for debate which represent the main divisions of opinion within the House. Other amendments can technically be proposed, but in practice have no chance of success unless the parties in the House are closely divided. If pressed they would normally be casually defeated by acclamation.
2543:. Confidence Motions are generally originated by the Government to reinforce its support in the House, whilst No Confidence Motions are introduced by the Opposition. The motions sometimes take the form "That this House has confidence in His Majesty's Government" but several other varieties, many referring to specific policies supported or opposed by Parliament, are used. For instance, a Confidence Motion of 1992 used the form, "That this House expresses the support for the economic policy of His Majesty's Government." Such a motion may theoretically be introduced in the House of Lords, but, as the Government need not enjoy the confidence of that House, would not be of the same effect as a similar motion in the House of Commons; the only modern instance of such an occurrence involves the 'No Confidence' motion that was introduced in 1993 and subsequently defeated.
2198:. There is a ceremony similar to the State Opening, but much less well known to the general public. Normally, the Sovereign does not personally attend the prorogation ceremony in the House of Lords and is represented by Lords Commissioners. The next session of Parliament begins under the procedures described above, but it is not necessary to conduct another election of a Speaker or take the oaths of allegiance afresh at the beginning of such subsequent sessions. Instead, the State Opening of Parliament proceeds directly. To avoid the delay of opening a new session in the event of an emergency during the long summer recess, Parliament is no longer prorogued beforehand, but only after the Houses have reconvened in the autumn; the State Opening follows a few days later.
2145:
2394:). The words "BE IT ENACTED by the King's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:-," or, where the House of Lords' authority has been over-ridden by use of the Parliament Acts, the words "BE IT ENACTED by King's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Commons in this present Parliament assembled, in accordance with the provisions of the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949, and by the authority of the same, as follows:-" appear near the beginning of each Act of Parliament. These words are known as the
2350:
Lords rejects it both times, the
Commons may direct that the bill be presented to the Sovereign for his or her Assent, disregarding the rejection of the Bill in the House of Lords. In each case, the bill must be passed by the House of Commons at least one calendar month before the end of the session. The provision does not apply to Private bills or to Public bills if they originated in the House of Lords or if they seek to extend the duration of a Parliament beyond five years. A special procedure applies in relation to bills classified by the Speaker of the House of Commons as "Money Bills". A Money Bill concerns
2601:
1246:
1921:, the position of Speaker of the House of Lords (as it is termed in the Act) was separated from the office of Lord Chancellor (the office which has control over the judiciary as a whole), though the Lords remain largely self-governing. Decisions on points of order and on the disciplining of unruly members are made by the whole body, but by the Speaker alone in the Lower House. Speeches in the House of Lords are addressed to the House as a whole (using the words "My Lords"), but those in the House of Commons are addressed to the Speaker alone (using "Mr Speaker" or "Madam Speaker"). Speeches may be made to
2882:
160:
2362:, nor amend a bill so as to insert a provision relating to taxation or Supply, nor amend a Supply Bill in any way. The House of Commons is free to waive this privilege, and sometimes does so to allow the House of Lords to pass amendments with financial implications. The House of Lords remains free to reject bills relating to Supply and taxation, but may be over-ruled easily if the bills are Money Bills. (A bill relating to revenue and Supply may not be a Money Bill if, for example, it includes subjects other than national taxation and public funds).
2407:
1936:) demanded. (The Speaker of the House of Commons may choose to overrule a frivolous request for a division, but the Lord Speaker does not have that power.) In each House, a division requires members to file into one of the two lobbies alongside the Chamber; their names are recorded by clerks, and their votes are counted as they exit the lobbies to re-enter the Chamber. The Speaker of the House of Commons is expected to be non-partisan, and does not cast a vote except in the case of a tie; the Lord Speaker, however, votes along with the other Lords.
4424:
1003:
2669:
937:
1440:
2240:
435:
2463:. There is an argument that the provisions of Article XIX of the Union with England Act 1707 prevent any Court outside Scotland from hearing any appeal in criminal cases: "And that the said Courts or any other of the like nature after the Unions shall have no power to Cognosce Review or Alter the Acts or Sentences of the Judicatures within Scotland or stop the Execution of the same." The House of Lords judicial committee usually had a minimum of two Scottish Judges to ensure that some experience of
8149:
1771:
650:
1826:. Since then, no British monarch has entered the House of Commons when it is in session. On Black Rod's approach, the doors are slammed shut against them, symbolising the rights of parliament and its independence from the monarch. They then strike, with the end of their ceremonial staff (the Black Rod), three times on the closed doors of the Commons Chamber. They are then admitted, and announce the command of the monarch for the attendance of the Commons.
43:
2266:. The existence of a devolved Scottish Parliament means that while Westminster MPs from Scotland may vote directly on matters that affect English constituencies, they may not have much power over their laws affecting their own constituency. Since there is no devolved "English Parliament", the converse is not true. Any Act of the Scottish Parliament may be overturned, amended or ignored by Westminster under section 35 of the
2833:
House's "undoubted" privileges and rights. The ceremony observed by the House of
Commons dates to the reign of King Henry VIII. Each House is the guardian of its privileges, and may punish breaches thereof. The extent of parliamentary privilege is based on law and custom. Sir William Blackstone states that these privileges are "very large and indefinite," and cannot be defined except by the Houses of Parliament themselves.
2346:
the passage of the third reading motion, the House of Lords must vote on the motion "That the Bill do now pass." Following its passage in one House, the bill is sent to the other House. If passed in identical form by both Houses, it may be presented for the
Sovereign's Assent. If one House passes amendments that the other will not agree to, and the two Houses cannot resolve their disagreements, the bill will normally fail.
4506:
2213:. Prior to that, dissolution was effected by the Sovereign, always on the advice of the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister could seek dissolution at a time politically advantageous to their party. If the Prime Minister loses the support of the House of Commons, Parliament will dissolve and a new election will be held. Parliaments can also be dissolved if two-thirds of the House of Commons votes for an early election.
2224:(beginning, basis and end) of the body, but this is no longer the case. The first change was during the reign of William and Mary, when it was seen to be inconvenient to have no Parliament at a time when succession to the Crown could be disputed, and an Act was passed that provided that a Parliament was to continue for six months after the death of a Sovereign, unless dissolved earlier. Under the
2786:, which continues to be governed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Parliament still has the power over areas for which responsibility lies with the devolved institutions, but would ordinarily gain the agreement of those institutions to act on their behalf. Similarly, it has granted the power to make regulations to Ministers of the Crown, and the power to enact religious legislation to the
1333:, introduced the Parliament Bill, which sought to restrict the powers of the House of Lords. (He did not reintroduce the land tax provision of the People's Budget.) When the Lords refused to pass the bill, Asquith countered with a promise extracted from the King in secret before the second general election of 1910 and requested the creation of several hundred Liberal peers, so as to erase the
1348:(a bill dealing with taxation), and allowed them to delay any other bill for a maximum of three sessions (reduced to two sessions in 1949), after which it could become law over their objections. However, regardless of the Parliament Acts of 1911 and 1949, the House of Lords has always retained the unrestricted power to veto any bill outright which attempts to extend the life of a parliament.
2555:
and a new general election. Otherwise the machinery of government grinds to a halt within days. The third choice – to mount a coup d'état or an anti-democratic revolution – is hardly to be contemplated in the present age. Though all three situations have arisen in recent years even in developed economies, international relations have allowed a disaster to be avoided.
2654:." The Minister responsible then answers the question. The peer is then allowed to ask a supplementary question and other peers ask further questions on the theme of the original put down on the order paper. (For instance, if the question regards immigration, peers can ask the Minister any question related to immigration during the allowed period.)
2695:, "It has sovereign and uncontrollable authority in making, confirming, enlarging, restraining, abrogating, repealing, reviving, and expounding of laws, concerning matters of all possible denominations, ecclesiastical, or temporal, civil, military, maritime, or criminal… it can, in short, do every thing that is not naturally impossible."
1422:, to be the basis of membership for a new Dáil Éireann. While the elections in Northern Ireland were both contested and won by Unionist parties, in Southern Ireland, all 128 candidates for the Southern Irish seats were returned unopposed. Of these, 124 were won by Sinn Féin and four by independent Unionists representing
2167:. Once a majority of the members have taken the oath in each House, the State Opening of Parliament may take place. The Lords take their seats in the House of Lords Chamber, the Commons appear at the Bar (at the entrance to the Chamber), and the Sovereign takes the seat on the throne. The Sovereign then reads the
3509:
by O. Hood
Phillips and Jackson declares it to be a constitutional convention that "In cases of conflict the Lords should ultimately yield to the Commons." It goes on to observe that this convention was backed until 1911 by the possibility of packing the Lords with government supporters, and has been
2872:
Until at least 2015, members of the House of
Commons also had the privilege of a separate seating area in the Palace of Westminster canteen, protected by a false partition labelled "MPs only beyond this point," so that they did not have to sit with canteen staff who were taking a break. This provoked
2832:
Each House of
Parliament possesses and guards various ancient privileges. The House of Lords relies on inherent right. In the case of the House of Commons, the Speaker goes to the Lords' Chamber at the beginning of each new Parliament and requests representatives of the Sovereign to confirm the Lower
2797:
In every case aforementioned, authority has been conceded by Act of
Parliament and may be taken back in the same manner. It is entirely within the authority of Parliament, for example, to abolish the devolved governments in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, or — as happened in 2020 — to leave the
2716:
extinguished the
Parliaments of Scotland and England and replaced them by a new Parliament, I have difficulty in seeing why the new Parliament of Great Britain must inherit all the peculiar characteristics of the English Parliament but none of the Scottish." Nevertheless, he did not give a conclusive
2304:
Private
Members' Bills make up the majority of bills, but are far less likely to be passed than government bills. There are three methods for an MP to introduce a Private Member's Bill. The Private Members' Ballot (once per Session) put names into a ballot, and those who win are given time to propose
1736:
A party needs to win 326 constituencies (known as "seats") to win a majority in the House of Commons. If no party achieves a majority, then a situation of no overall control occurs – commonly known as a "Hung Parliament". In case of a Hung Parliament, the party with the most seats has the opportunity
4006:
but it wouldn't make one iota of difference because what has happened now is that all power has passed , and even if the British legally under their constitution, under their powers, could say that they reclaimed power, that would be irrelevant for us because all power is now vested here. Our courts
2554:
Where a Government has lost the confidence of the House of Commons, in other words has lost the ability to secure the basic requirement of the authority of the House of Commons to tax and to spend Government money, the Prime Minister is obliged either to resign, or seek the dissolution of Parliament
2499:
The British Government is answerable to the House of Commons. However, neither the Prime Minister nor members of the Government are elected by the House of Commons. Instead, the King requests the person most likely to command the support of a majority in the House, normally the leader of the largest
2349:
Since the passage of the Parliament Act 1911 the power of the House of Lords to reject bills passed by the House of Commons has been restricted, with further restrictions were placed by the Parliament Act 1949. If the House of Commons passes a public bill in two successive sessions, and the House of
2345:
Once the House has considered the bill, the third reading follows. In the House of Commons, no further amendments may be made, and the passage of the motion "That the Bill be now read a third time" is passage of the whole bill. In the House of Lords further amendments to the bill may be moved. After
2155:
Following a general election, a new Parliamentary session begins. Parliament is formally summoned 40 days in advance by the Sovereign, who is the source of parliamentary authority. On the day indicated by the Sovereign's proclamation, the two Houses assemble in their respective chambers. The Commons
2581:
electoral system is employed in elections, the governing party tends to enjoy a large majority in the Commons; there is often limited need to compromise with other parties. Modern British political parties are so tightly organised that they leave relatively little room for free action by their MPs.
2314:
is a danger, as an opponent of a bill can waste much of the limited time allotted to it. Private Members' Bills have no chance of success if the current government opposes them, but they are used in moral issues: the bills to decriminalise homosexuality and abortion were Private Members' Bills, for
1740:
The House of Commons is the most powerful of the components of Parliament, particularly due to its sole right to determine taxation and the supply of money to the government. Additionally, the prime minister and leader of the government sits in the House, having acquiring this position by virtue of
1732:
electoral system. There are 650 constituencies in the United Kingdom, each made up of an average of 65,925 voters. The First-Past-the-Post system means that every constituency elects one MP each (except the constituency of the Speaker, whose seat is uncontested). Each voter assigns one vote for one
1727:
As of 2019, the House consists of 650 members; this total includes the Speaker, who by convention renounces partisan affiliation and does not take part in debates or votes, as well as three Deputy Speakers, who also do not participate in debates or votes but formally retain their party membership.
1473:
removed the automatic right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords, although it made an exception for 92 of them to be elected to life-terms by the other hereditary peers, with by-elections upon their death. The House of Lords is now a chamber that is subordinate to the House of Commons.
2546:
Many votes are considered votes of confidence, although not including the language mentioned above. Important bills that form part of the Government's agenda (as stated in the Speech from the Throne) are generally considered matters of confidence. The defeat of such a bill by the House of Commons
2341:
are used. Each consists of all members of the House; the latter operates under special procedures, and is used only for uncontroversial bills. In the House of Commons, the bill is usually committed to a Public Bill Committee, consisting of between 16 and 50 members, but the Committee of the Whole
2121:
Five-year interval between ordinary general elections. General elections were scheduled to take place on the first Thursday in May in every fifth year or the first Thursday in May on the fourth year if the previous election took place before the first Thursday in May, unless one of two situations
2088:
Maximum 5-year duration of Parliament extended by the Prolongation of Parliament Act 1940, Prolongation of Parliament Act 1941, Prolongation of Parliament Act 1942, Prolongation of Parliament Act 1943 and Prolongation of Parliament Act 1944; each Act of Parliament extended the maximum duration of
2920:
The crowned portcullis came to be accepted during the early 20th century as the emblem of both houses of parliament. This was simply a result of custom and usage rather than a specific decision. The emblem now appears on all official stationery, publications and papers, and is stamped on various
2612:
In the United Kingdom, question time in the House of Commons lasts for an hour each day from Monday to Thursday (2:30 to 3:30 pm on Mondays, 11:30 am to 12:30 pm on Tuesdays and Wednesdays, and 9:30 to 10:30 am on Thursdays). Each Government department has its place in a rota
2724:
states "It is recognised that the Parliament of the United Kingdom is sovereign" without qualification or definition. A related possible limitation on Parliament relates to the Scottish legal system and Presbyterian faith, preservation of which were Scottish preconditions to the creation of the
2511:
Governments have a tendency to dominate the legislative functions of Parliament, by using their in-built majority in the House of Commons, and sometimes using their patronage power to appoint supportive peers in the Lords. In practice, governments can pass any legislation (within reason) in the
2426:
had jurisdiction in some cases (for instance, appeals from ecclesiastical courts). The jurisdiction of Parliament arose from the ancient custom of petitioning the Houses to redress grievances and to do justice. The House of Commons ceased considering petitions to reverse the judgements of lower
2354:
national taxation or public funds; the Speaker's certificate is deemed conclusive under all circumstances. If the House of Lords fails to pass a Money Bill within one month of its passage in the House of Commons, the Lower House may direct that the Bill be submitted for the Sovereign's Assent
2534:
Although the House of Lords may scrutinise the executive through Question Time and through its committees, it cannot bring down the Government. A ministry must always retain the confidence and support of the House of Commons. The Lower House may indicate its lack of support by rejecting a
1705:, including those not sitting in the Lords. Currently, a standing rules divides these seats between the parties with a replacement peer from one party subject to an election only by peers of that party. Formerly, all hereditary peers were members of the Lords, until the passage of the
6710:
2190:
bill is introduced, each House debates the content of the Speech from the Throne for several days. Once each House formally sends its reply to the Speech, legislative business may commence, appointing committees, electing officers, passing resolutions and considering legislation.
2624:
In addition to government departments, there are also questions to the Church commissioners. Additionally, each Member of Parliament is entitled to table questions for written answer. Written questions are addressed to the Ministerial head of a government department, usually a
1455:, recognised by the United Kingdom as a separate state (and thus, no longer represented in the Westminster Parliament), while Northern Ireland would remain British, and in 1927, parliament was renamed the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
2160:(representatives of the Sovereign) instruct them to elect a Speaker. The Commons perform the election; on the next day, they return to the House of Lords, where the Lords Commissioners confirm the election and grant the new Speaker the royal approval in the Sovereign's name.
1322:", which made numerous changes to the taxation system which were detrimental to wealthy landowners. The House of Lords, which consisted mostly of powerful landowners, rejected the Budget. On the basis of the Budget's popularity and the Lords' consequent unpopularity, the
2326:, the general principles of the bill are debated, and the House may vote to reject the bill, by not passing the motion "That the Bill be now read a second time." Defeats of Government Bills in the Commons are extremely rare, the last being in 2005, and may constitute a
1967:, the term was temporarily extended to ten years by Acts of Parliament. Since the end of the war the maximum has remained five years. Modern Parliaments, however, rarely continued for the maximum duration; normally, they were dissolved earlier. For instance, the
2970:
2512:
Commons they wish, unless there is major dissent by MPs in the governing party. But even in these situations, it is highly unlikely a bill will be defeated, though dissenting MPs may be able to extract concessions from the government. In 1976,
2309:
is another method, where MPs are granted ten minutes to outline the case for a new piece of legislation. Standing Order 57 is the third method, which allows a bill to be introduced without debate if a day's notice is given to the Table Office.
1733:
candidate, and the candidate with the most votes in each constituency is elected as MP to represent their constituency. Members sit for a maximum of five years, although elections are generally called before that maximum limit is reached.
2486:
an individual, the trial takes place in the House of Lords. Impeachments are now possibly defunct, as the last one occurred in 1806. In 2006, a number of MPs attempted to revive the custom, having signed a motion for the impeachment of
1975:, which established a presumption that a Parliament will last for five years, unless two thirds of the House of Commons votes for an early general election, or the government loses the confidence of the House. This was repealed by the
1221:), both Acts of Union stating, "That the United Kingdom of Great Britain be represented by one and the same Parliament to be styled The Parliament of Great Britain." At the start of the 19th century, Parliament was further enlarged by
2908:
through its use as decoration in the rebuilding of the Palace after the fire of 1512. However, at the time it was only one of many symbols. The widespread use of the portcullis throughout the Palace dates from the 19th century, when
1932:; members shout out "Aye!" and "No!" in the Commons—or "Content!" and "Not-Content!" in the Lords—and the presiding officer declares the result. The pronouncement of either Speaker may be challenged, and a recorded vote (known as a
2840:
in debate; nothing said in either House may be questioned in any court or other institution outside Parliament. Another privilege claimed is that of freedom from arrest; at one time this was held to apply for any arrest except for
2508:, who became prime minister in 1963. To adhere to the convention under which he was responsible to the Lower House, he disclaimed his peerage and procured election to the House of Commons within days of becoming prime minister.
2813:
One well-recognised consequence of Parliament's sovereignty is that it cannot bind future Parliaments; that is, no Act of Parliament may be made secure from amendment or repeal by a future Parliament. For example, although the
7016:
2582:
In many cases, MPs may be expelled from their parties for voting against the instructions of party leaders. During the 20th century, the Government has lost confidence issues only three times—twice in 1924, and once in 1979.
2315:
example. Governments can sometimes attempt to use Private Members' Bills to pass things it would rather not be associated with. "Handout bills" are bills which a government hands to MPs who win Private Members' Ballots.
2921:
items in use in the Palace of Westminster, such as cutlery, silverware and china. Various shades of red (for the House of Lords) and green (for the House of Commons) are used for visual identification of the houses.
2471:. The Supreme Court now usually has at least two Scottish judges, together with at least one from Northern Ireland. As Wales is developing its own judicature, it is likely that the same principle will be applied.
2447:
in 2009, and the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary became the first Justices of the Supreme Court. Peers who hold high judicial office are no longer allowed to vote or speak in the Lords until they retire as justices.
2171:—the content of which is determined by the Ministers of the Crown—outlining the Government's legislative agenda for the upcoming year. Thereafter, each House proceeds to the transaction of legislative business.
1712:
Life peers are appointed by the monarch, on the advice of the prime minister. Typically, these are members of the party of the prime minister, however some peers from other parties are also generally appointed.
3852:"How democratic is the House of Commons? How effectively does it control the UK government and represent citizens? How effective are the Commons' two committee systems at scrutinising government policy-making?"
3504:
22. Our remit requires us to accept "the primacy of the House of Commons". It is worth considering what this means in the context of legislation, and of the conventions operating between the two Houses. 23.
1922:
1597:), their refusal to pass a bill may only delay its passage for a maximum of two parliamentary sessions over a year. After this, the bill may receive royal assets and become law without the Lords' consent.
1618:
Many members of the general public have questioned the need for The House of Lords in today’s society. They say it is stopping the political system from evolving within the UK and hampering modernisation.
1280:(Commons) did not develop until the 19th century—the House of Lords was superior to the House of Commons both in theory and in practice. Members of the House of Commons (MPs) were elected in an antiquated
7502:
2853:
but it now excludes any arrest on criminal charges; it applies during a session of Parliament, and 40 days before or after such a session. Members of both Houses are no longer privileged from service on
9177:
2358:
Even before the passage of the Parliament Acts, the Commons possessed pre-eminence in cases of financial matters. By ancient custom, the House of Lords may not introduce a bill relating to taxation or
1611:. Appeals were not heard by the whole body, but a committee of senior judges that were appointed to the Lords to act for this purpose. This power was lost when it was transferred to the newly created
1538:
Executive powers (including those granted by legislation or forming part of the prerogative) are not formally exercised by Parliament. However, these powers are in practice exercised on the advice of
3851:
1906:
For the Commons, the approval of the Sovereign is required before the election of the Speaker becomes valid, but it is, by modern convention, always granted. The Speaker's place may be taken by the
1767:
Chamber. Before 2012, it took place in November or December, or, in a general election year, when the new Parliament first assembled. From 2012 onwards, the ceremony has taken place in May or June.
8816:
2712:, he stated, "The principle of unlimited sovereignty of Parliament is a distinctively English principle and has no counterpart in Scottish constitutional law." He continued, "Considering that the
2285:
Laws, in draft form known as bills, may be introduced by any member of either House. A bill introduced by a Minister is known as a "Government Bill"; one introduced by another member is called a "
9302:
9065:
8615:
8535:
3089:
1600:
Like in the House of Commons, the House of Lords may scrutinise governments through asking questions to government ministers that sit in the Lords and through the operation of a small number of
8620:
8530:
6184:
3094:
2646:
In the House of Lords, a half-hour is set aside each afternoon at the start of the day's proceedings for Lords' oral questions. A peer submits a question in advance, which then appears on the
1148:
The Parliament of the United Kingdom is one of the oldest legislatures in the world, and is characterised by the stability of its governing institutions and its capacity to absorb change. The
1102:, including the prime minister, are members of the House of Commons (MPs), or less commonly the House of Lords, and are thereby accountable to the respective branches of the legislature. Most
9496:
9470:
9465:
9460:
9455:
9450:
2865:
issued by a committee—may also be punished. The House of Lords may imprison an individual for any fixed period of time, but an individual imprisoned by the House of Commons is set free upon
9430:
8958:
6266:
5986:
2558:
Where a prime minister has ceased to retain the necessary majority and requests a dissolution, the sovereign can in theory reject his or her request, forcing a resignation and allowing the
9025:
2231:
After each Parliament concludes, the Crown issues writs to hold a general election and elect new members of the House of Commons, though membership of the House of Lords does not change.
9172:
1841:, outlining the Government's agenda for the coming year. The speech reflects the legislative agenda for which the Government intends to seek the agreement of both Houses of Parliament.
9425:
9420:
9415:
9410:
9405:
9400:
9395:
9390:
9385:
9182:
4007:
would always recognise that all power is now vested here. The United Kingdom power is now completely irrelevant to us, but it was necessary to have that act of transferring it across.
1683:
1794:, who is charged with summoning the House of Commons and has been waiting in the Commons lobby. Black Rod turns and, under the escort of the Door-keeper of the House of Lords and an
2369:. Theoretically, the Sovereign may either grant or withhold royal assent (make the bill a law or veto the bill). In modern times the Sovereign always grants royal assent, using the
2286:
9297:
8983:
7495:
9307:
8752:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8671:
8666:
8661:
8645:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8525:
8520:
8504:
8499:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8474:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8409:
8404:
8399:
8394:
8389:
8384:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3084:
3079:
151:
9486:
8875:
8833:
3030:
4255:
955:
9242:
2901:
in the 16th century, under whom the Palace of Westminster became the regular meeting place of Parliament. The crown was added to make the badge a specifically royal symbol.
9130:
7191:
2251:
Laws can be made by Acts of the United Kingdom Parliament. While Acts can apply to the whole of the United Kingdom including Scotland, due to the continuing separation of
1910:, the First Deputy Chairman, or the Second Deputy Chairman. (The titles of those three officials refer to the Committee of Ways and Means, a body which no longer exists.)
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
7488:
4487:
2294:
3261:
is not fixed. This figure (correct as of 26 September 2024) excludes 26 peers who are on leave of absence or otherwise disqualified or suspended from sitting.
1844:
After the monarch leaves, each Chamber proceeds to the consideration of an "Address in Reply to His Majesty's Gracious Speech." But, first, each House considers a bill
9367:
9237:
9232:
9227:
9222:
9217:
9212:
9207:
9202:
9197:
9192:
9187:
9167:
9162:
9157:
9152:
8787:
8742:
6049:
6024:
1917:(a Cabinet member), whose influence as Speaker was very limited (whilst the powers belonging to the Speaker of the House of Commons are vast). However, as part of the
2725:
unified Parliament. Since the Parliament of the United Kingdom was set up in reliance on these promises, it may be that it has no power to make laws that break them.
9125:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9105:
4890:
1741:
having the confidence of the other members. This also means that the House is also the primary location in which the government faces scrutiny, as expressed through
2186:
in the House of Commons. These bills do not become laws; they are ceremonial indications of the power of each House to debate independently of the Crown. After the
6006:
4848:
2763:
ruled that British courts could have powers to overturn British legislation that was not compatible with European law. This position ended with the passing of the
1574:
The House of Lords is known formally as "The Right Honourable The Lords Spiritual and Temporal in Parliament Assembled", the Lords Spiritual being bishops of the
9362:
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9347:
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2806:: although the Parliament of the United Kingdom could pass an Act reversing its action, it would not take effect in Australia or Canada as the competence of the
1229:, which abolished the latter and added 100 Irish MPs and 32 Lords to the former to create the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The
6082:
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1087:
1701:. Each of the other 90 are elected for life upon a seat becoming vacant. 15 members are elected by the whole House whilst the other 75 are elected by all the
8799:
2818:
states that the Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland are to be united "forever," Parliament permitted southern Ireland to leave the United Kingdom in 1922.
1593:, the legislative powers of the House of Lords have been diminished of that of the House of Commons. Whilst the Lords debates and votes on all bills (except
9491:
3479:
The phrase 'Crown in Parliament' is used to describe the British legislature, which consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
3210:
2987:
2390:
Thus, every bill obtains the assent of all three components of Parliament before it becomes law (except where the House of Lords is over-ridden under the
2138:
Parliament automatically dissolves at the beginning of the day, which is the fifth anniversary of the day on which it first met unless dissolved earlier.
1315:, the electoral system for the House of Commons was progressively regularised. No longer dependent on the Lords for their seats, MPs grew more assertive.
9015:
8926:
8921:
8676:
6573:
6538:
6528:
2540:
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Certain other judicial functions have historically been performed by the House of Lords. Until 1948, it was the body in which peers had to be tried for
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6104:
5107:
2255:
many Acts do not apply to Scotland and may be matched either by equivalent Acts that apply to Scotland alone or, since 1999, by legislation set by the
1763:
The State Opening of Parliament is an annual event that marks the commencement of a session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It is held in the
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to be asked to form a new government. This power is used extremely rarely. The conditions that should be met to allow such a refusal are known as the
1866:
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party in the House of Commons, to form a government. So that they may be accountable to the Lower House, the Prime Minister and most members of the
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parties are not represented. The Scottish Greens are nationalist and republican and so do not sit in the House of Lords as a matter of principle.
2720:
Thus, the question of Parliamentary sovereignty appears to remain unresolved. Parliament has not passed any Act defining its own sovereignty. The
8159:
6523:
5951:
5536:
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2663:
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Parliament controls the executive by passing or rejecting its Bills and by forcing Ministers of the Crown to answer for their actions, either at
1466:
dignities. By the 1960s, the regular creation of hereditary peerage dignities had ceased; thereafter, almost all new peers were life peers only.
1233:
formally amended the name to the "Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland", five years after the secession of the
2897:. The portcullis was originally the badge of various English noble families from the 14th century. It went on to be adopted by the kings of the
1411:
and reduced the representation of both parts at Westminster. The number of Northern Ireland seats was increased again after the introduction of
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MPs designated as independents may be elected as independents, leave the party for which they were elected, or be suspended from their party's
3040:
2764:
2721:
2293:". A bill that seeks to grant special rights to an individual or small group of individuals, or a body such as a local authority, is called a "
2206:
1976:
107:
2482:; now, they are tried by normal juries. The last occasion of the trial of a peer in the House of Lords was in 1935. When the House of Commons
8968:
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enables the UK Parliament to vote on issues normally devolved to Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland, as part of United Kingdom legislation.
1968:
1668:
Formerly, the Lords Spiritual included all of the senior clergymen of the Church of England—archbishops, bishops, abbots and mitred priors.
79:
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8806:
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2955:. It shows live coverage from the House of Commons, House of Lords, the Scottish Parliament, the Northern Ireland Assembly and the Senedd.
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598:
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9142:
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6682:
3902:"Chapter 6: Political Parties and Interest Groups | CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS: Rules, Reality, Strategy, Choice: W. W. Norton StudySpace"
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and thereby holds ultimate power over all other political bodies in the United Kingdom and the Overseas Territories. While Parliament is
4290:
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1556:
Whilst the monarch is a constitutive element of parliament, they do not debate bills or otherwise contribute to political debate. Their
86:
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Parliament's power has often been limited by its own Acts, whilst retaining the power to overturn those decisions should it decide to.
2699:
4172:
1426:(Trinity College). Since only four MPs sat in the home rule Southern Irish parliament, with the remaining 124 being in the Republic's
9527:
7220:
6114:
5493:
4533:
3002:
2559:
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2133:
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383:
2637:. Written Questions are submitted to the Clerks of the Table Office, either on paper or electronically, and answers are recorded in
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Parliament has also created national devolved parliaments and an assembly with differing degrees of legislative authority in
2547:
indicates that a Government no longer has the confidence of that House. The same effect is achieved if the House of Commons "
2225:
327:
75:
4471:
4148:
8978:
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Both Houses possess the power to punish breaches of their privilege. Contempt of Parliament—for example, disobedience of a
1834:
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used it extensively as a decorative feature in their designs for the new Palace built following the disastrous 1834 fire.
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The supremacy of the British House of Commons was reaffirmed in the early 20th century. In 1909, the Commons passed the "
1134:
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4765:
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4263:
4048:
2965:
2869:. The punishments imposed by either House may not be challenged in any court, and the Human Rights Act does not apply.
2144:
2036:
Maximum 7-year duration of Parliament. Parliament to be dissolved before the seventh anniversary of its first sitting.
1495:
1389:
813:
801:
17:
2504:
are, by convention, members of the House of Commons. The last prime minister to be a member of the House of Lords was
8948:
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6464:
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5302:
5232:
5157:
5042:
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2483:
2289:". A different way of categorising bills involves the subject. Most bills, involving the general public, are called "
2105:
Maximum 5-year duration of Parliament. Parliament to be dissolved before the fifth anniversary of its first sitting.
2072:
Maximum 5-year duration of Parliament. Parliament to be dissolved before the fifth anniversary of its first sitting.
1746:
1601:
1412:
1381:
126:
4198:
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2228:
Parliament can now continue for as long as it would otherwise have done in the event of the death of the Sovereign.
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to symbolise their right to deliberate independently of the monarch. In the House of Lords, the bill is called the
1663:
1539:
1423:
777:
663:
562:
474:
2377:" (the King wishes it; "La Reyne" in the case of a Queen). The last refusal to grant the Assent was in 1708, when
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1083:
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Lancashire at War: Cavaliers and Roundheads, 1642–51 : a Series of Talks Broadcast from BBC Radio Blackburn
2216:
Formerly, the demise of the Sovereign automatically brought a Parliament to an end, the Crown being seen as the
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which repeats every five weeks. The exception to this sequence are the Business Questions (Questions to the
1560:
is required for a bill to become law; however this has not been refused since 1708 and is largely formal.
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2334:
2053:
1337:
majority in the House of Lords. In the face of such a threat, the House of Lords narrowly passed the bill.
1028:
1737:
to form a coalition with other parties, so their combined seat tally extends past the 326-seat majority.
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courts in 1399, effectively leaving the House of Lords as the court of last resort. In modern times, the
2017:
1979:, which restored the ability for the government to call an early election while keeping five year terms.
1803:
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1357:
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1943:
Both Houses normally conduct their business in public, and there are galleries where visitors may sit.
1907:
1091:
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for Ascension and Tristan da Cunha exist, they are purely consultative. Legislation is enacted by the
4083:
2531:. In both cases, Ministers are asked questions by members of their Houses, and are obliged to answer.
8186:
7928:
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7737:
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7580:
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3928:"Can political parties expell [sic] MPs who disobey orders? » Constitutionally Speaking"
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1937:
1818:. The wars established the constitutional rights of Parliament, a concept legally established in the
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741:
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349:
281:
3209:
Cite error: The named reference "Greens" was defined multiple times with different content (see the
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Acts of Parliament of the United Kingdom relating to the European Communities and the European Union
2201:
Each Parliament comes to an end, after a number of sessions, in anticipation of a general election.
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6236:
5714:
5684:
5674:
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EU. However, Parliament also revoked its legislative competence over Australia and Canada with the
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1634:
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705:
8933:
2751:
would apply and be enforceable in Britain and that Britain would be subject to the rulings of the
1971:, which assembled in 1997, was dissolved after four years. The Septennial Act was repealed by the
1940:
is a convention which concerns how the Speaker should vote should he be required to break a tie.
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7705:
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7198:
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1955:
set the maximum duration at three years. As the frequent elections were deemed inconvenient, the
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2935:, which maintains an archive dating back to 4 December 2007. There is also a related official
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3244:. Six MPs were elected as independents in the 2024 general election, 5 have since joined the
2905:
2691:
Several different views have been taken of Parliament's sovereignty. According to the jurist
2517:
2370:
2297:". A Public Bill which affects private rights (in the way a Private Bill would) is called a "
2263:
2244:
1874:
1311:
of their relatives or supporters. During the reforms of the 19th century, beginning with the
1254:
1250:
1226:
1207:
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1169:
1157:
1099:
1032:
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837:
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2739:
complete independence in ecclesiastical matters. From 1973 to 2020, under membership of the
2591:
2439:) and by Lords of Appeal (other peers with experience in the judiciary). However, under the
1525:. As a result, a bill must be passed by both houses (or just the House of Commons under the
9092:
7924:
7329:
7270:
7235:
7123:
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3174:
The Lords Spiritual sit on the Government benches and are so depicted in the diagram above.
2975:
2890:
2791:
2563:
2179:
2163:
The business of Parliament for the next few days of its session involves the taking of the
1858:. The Bills are considered for the sake of form only, and do not make any actual progress.
1851:
1799:
1650:
1583:
1419:
1418:
The Irish republicans responded by declaring the elections to these home rule Parliaments,
4280:
4232:. Vol. 1: Parliament and Politics, 1235–1560. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
3674:
2881:
2333:
Following the second reading, the bill is sent to a committee. In the House of Lords, the
8:
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withheld her Assent from a bill "for the settling of Militia in Scotland", in the words "
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2157:
2149:
2100:
2067:
2031:
1960:
1956:
1823:
1819:
1527:
1351:
1341:
948:
263:
4434:
4078:
2174:
By custom, before considering the Government's legislative agenda, a bill is introduced
1376:. Accordingly, Sinn FĂ©in MPs, though ostensibly elected to sit in the House of Commons,
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7138:
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5167:
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4649:
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4394:
4371:
4350:
4333:
Tanner, R. J. (October 2000). "The Lords of the Articles before 1540: A Reassessment".
4319:
3341:
3224:
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2873:
mockery from a newly elected 20-year-old MP who described it as "ridiculous" snobbery.
2740:
2736:
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2011:
1952:
1638:
1551:
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1319:
1273:
1269:
1222:
1203:
1149:
1060:
1024:
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2577:
In practice, the House of Commons' scrutiny of the Government is very weak. Since the
2330:. (Defeats of Bills in the Lords never affect confidence and are much more frequent.)
1002:
8131:
8098:
7693:
7532:
7416:
7362:
6964:
5632:
5137:
4728:
4256:"Companion to the Standing Orders and Guide to the Proceedings of the House of Lords"
4243:
4233:
4058:
2837:
2815:
2790:
of the Church of England. (Measures of the General Synod and, in some cases proposed
2713:
2676:
2668:
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2406:
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258:
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4868:
4833:"Bailiwick-wide" legislation passed in the States of Guernsey applies not only in
4019:
2422:
in 2009, Parliament was the highest court in the realm for most purposes, but the
1661:, subject to women being preferred if one is eligible from 2015 to 2025 under the
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2455:
and ended appeal in Scottish criminal matters to the House of Lords, so that the
2338:
2318:
Each Bill goes through several stages in each House. The first stage, called the
2306:
2183:
1933:
1914:
1870:
1855:
1702:
1628:
1312:
1199:
1126:
1122:
1106:
ministers are from the Commons, while junior ministers can be from either house.
1075:, and the powers of the House of Lords are limited to only delaying legislation.
460:
448:
3380:
2652:
My Lords, I beg leave to ask the Question standing in my name on the Order Paper
2516:
created a now widely used name for this behaviour, in an academic paper called "
1653:(who sit by right regardless of seniority) and 21 other diocesan bishops of the
1240:
8127:
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195:
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4114:
Lo Dico, Joy (18 May 2015). "Chips are down as Mhairi heads for the canteen".
3466:
3362:
1427:
1121:
appointed by the sovereign on the advice of the prime minister, plus up to 92
9521:
9035:
8011:
7995:
7983:
7749:
7604:
6753:
6314:
6212:
6202:
6001:
5996:
5470:
5465:
5182:
5029:
4683:
4285:
4003:
3743:
3600:
2910:
2898:
2799:
2787:
2571:
2319:
1385:
1377:
1330:
970:
957:
877:
434:
4247:
3428:
2794:
made by ministers, must be approved by both Houses before they become law.)
1296:, which had almost completely disappeared into the sea due to land erosion.
254:
8115:
8085:
8073:
7948:
7855:
7814:
7774:
7652:
7600:
7588:
7528:
6620:
5991:
4900:
4453:
3957:"Parliamentary Questions: House of Commons Information Office Factsheet P1"
3696:
2842:
2748:
2479:
2366:
2275:
1951:
Originally there was no fixed limit on the length of a Parliament, but the
1900:
1811:
1807:
1779:
1775:
1694:
1658:
1633:
The Lords Spiritual of the Lords' currently consists of the archbishops of
1557:
1532:
1463:
1285:
1118:
1044:
636:
617:
317:
7916:
5929:
3830:"The Appellate Jurisdiction of the House of Lords (Updated November 2009)"
1895:
Both houses of the British Parliament are presided over by a speaker, the
1810:, who included the celebrated English patriot and leading Parliamentarian
1506:, this power may be limited by Parliament like all other exercises of the
1439:
1365:
1113:
of Parliament, comprising two types of members. The most numerous are the
889:
159:
30:"British Parliament" redirects here. For the legislature before 1801, see
7879:
7798:
7753:
7725:
7664:
7620:
7540:
7106:
7036:
5322:
4903:
4275:
4268:
Constitutional History of England Since the Accession of George the Third
3304:
2952:
2647:
2298:
2290:
1728:
Each Member of Parliament (MP) is chosen by a single constituency by the
1594:
1458:
Further reforms to the House of Lords were made in the 20th century. The
1277:
1110:
1079:
1016:
789:
574:
391:
306:
8148:
4462:
4354:
3090:
List of MPs elected in the February 1974 United Kingdom general election
1770:
9030:
7936:
7887:
5662:
5162:
4911:
4666:
3994:"The States, the Commonwealth and the Crown—the Battle for Sovereignty"
3522:
3095:
List of MPs elected in the October 1974 United Kingdom general election
2894:
2488:
2311:
1929:
1345:
1059:. The three parts acting together to legislate may be described as the
936:
7510:
5882:
2574:
as well as longstanding tradition and practice, not laid down in law.
1498:, Parliament is the supreme legislative body of the state. Whilst the
1352:
Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
1292:, with seven voters, could elect two members, as could the borough of
1013:
Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
649:
145:
Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
7592:
7384:
7292:
5642:
5622:
5617:
4178:
3648:
2464:
2252:
1846:
1791:
1400:
1142:
1064:
765:
180:
1798:, approaches the doors to the Chamber of the Commons. In 1642, King
42:
7552:
7245:
5729:
4838:
4834:
4500:
4496:
3954:
3287:
2940:
2862:
2771:
2460:
1432:
1308:
267:
4855:, although this power is normally exercised on their behalf by an
1582:. The Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are considered separate "
1168:
For histories of the parliaments preceding the UK Parliament, see
7071:
5897:
5779:
5657:
5357:
4819:
4678:
4279:
4167:
3625:
3308:
2936:
2931:
2783:
2639:
2467:
was brought to bear on Scottish appeals in civil cases, from the
2443:, these judicial functions were transferred to the newly created
2270:, and this happened for the first time in January 2023, when the
1579:
1542:, who much be drawn from and be accountable to the Parliament.
4442:
3747:
1983:
Summary history of terms of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
1607:
The Lords used to also exercise judicial power and acted as the
1264:
was created on 1 January 1801, by the merger of the Kingdoms of
7842:
7367:
5814:
5689:
5679:
4618:
4481:
3155:
List of MPs elected in the 2024 United Kingdom general election
3150:
List of MPs elected in the 2019 United Kingdom general election
3145:
List of MPs elected in the 2017 United Kingdom general election
3140:
List of MPs elected in the 2015 United Kingdom general election
3135:
List of MPs elected in the 2010 United Kingdom general election
3130:
List of MPs elected in the 2005 United Kingdom general election
3125:
List of MPs elected in the 2001 United Kingdom general election
3120:
List of MPs elected in the 1997 United Kingdom general election
3115:
List of MPs elected in the 1992 United Kingdom general election
3110:
List of MPs elected in the 1987 United Kingdom general election
3105:
List of MPs elected in the 1983 United Kingdom general election
3100:
List of MPs elected in the 1979 United Kingdom general election
3085:
List of MPs elected in the 1970 United Kingdom general election
3080:
List of MPs elected in the 1966 United Kingdom general election
2846:
2475:
1036:
272:
3031:
Parliamentary Information and Communication Technology Service
2604:
A wide shot of Prime Ministers Questions in 2012, showing the
2451:
In the late 19th century, Acts allowed for the appointment of
1913:
Prior to July 2006, the House of Lords was presided over by a
1152:
shaped the political systems of the nations once ruled by the
7344:
4417:
3492:"Primacy of the Commons, role of the Lords, and Lords reform"
2904:
The portcullis probably first came to be associated with the
2775:
2301:", although those that draft bills take pains to avoid this.
1241:
Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
993:
276:
3337:
4842:
4294:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2951:, which broadcasts 24 hours a day and is also available on
2855:
1693:
Two hereditary peers sit ex officio by virtue of being the
1329:
Using the result as a mandate, the Liberal Prime Minister,
4002:
Now the United Kingdom could repeal the UK version of the
3812:
3810:
3758:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2944:
2939:
channel. They are also broadcast live by the independent
2836:
The foremost privilege claimed by both Houses is that of
4305:. House of Commons Library. Briefing Paper Number 00675.
1288:
of vastly different sizes existed. Thus, the borough of
3807:
2929:
All public events are broadcast live and on-demand via
2621:
takes place each Wednesday from noon to 12:30 pm.
1451:, the revolutionary Irish Republic was replaced by the
3602:
The House of Lords and the British political tradition
3051:
Records of members of parliament of the United Kingdom
2698:
A different view has been taken by the Scottish judge
2494:
1388:
parliament for the independent Irish Republic, called
4137:. House of Commons Information Office. November 2007.
1276:. The principle of ministerial responsibility to the
1198:
was formed in 1707 following the ratification of the
2988:
List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
1344:, as it became, prevented the Lords from blocking a
1303:, were controlled by members of the House of Lords (
1225:
ratified by the Parliament of Great Britain and the
7058:
5544:
4898:
3849:
3724:. House of Lords Information Office. 6 October 2009
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
7512:Leaders of political parties in the United Kingdom
4488:Works by or about Parliament of the United Kingdom
4299:Kelly, Richard; Maer, Lucinda (25 February 2016).
2431:were performed not by the whole House, but by the
2382:
2365:The last stage of a bill involves the granting of
2194:A session of Parliament is brought to an end by a
3955:House of Commons Information Office (June 2005).
3646:"Messers. Bright And Scholefield at Birmingham".
2514:Quintin Hogg, Lord Hailsham of St Marylebone
2435:(judges granted life peerage dignities under the
1380:in Westminster, and instead assembled in 1919 to
9519:
4270:(11th ed.). London: Longmans, Green and Co.
3784:
3782:
3780:
2650:for the day's proceedings. The peer shall say: "
1517:, has three separate elements: the Monarch, the
8208:
8160:List of political parties in the United Kingdom
2767:and Britain leaving the EU on 31 January 2020.
2664:Parliamentary sovereignty in the United Kingdom
2156:are then summoned to the House of Lords, where
4450:– The British Broadcasting Corporation (2005).
3980:European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020
3510:underpinned since then by the Parliament Acts.
3282:, and also domestically referred to simply as
3041:Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology
2765:European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020
2722:European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020
2207:Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022
1977:Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022
1752:
1358:result of the 1918 general election in Ireland
1299:Many small constituencies, known as pocket or
27:Supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom
8194:
7496:
5945:
5530:
4884:
4527:
4430:Public Policy Hub – Parliament and law making
3777:
2828:Parliamentary privilege in the United Kingdom
2643:so as to be widely available and accessible.
1959:extended the maximum to seven years, but the
5440:Yugoslavia (1931–1939, 1945–1963, 1974–1992)
4789:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
4387:The British and Irish Ruling Class 1660–1945
2657:
1326:narrowly won two general elections in 1910.
5959:
4274:
4227:
3816:
3768:
3199:Green Party of England and Wales only. The
3046:Parliamentary records of the United Kingdom
3036:Parliamentary Information Management System
3014:Parliament of the United Kingdom relocation
3010:, a programme of anniversary events in 2015
2218:
1586:", but they sit, debate and vote together.
1262:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1139:House of Lords performed judicial functions
8201:
8187:
7503:
7489:
5952:
5938:
5537:
5523:
4891:
4877:
4534:
4520:
4422:
4399:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4376:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4324:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4216:
4191:"Live videos related to the UK Parliament"
3769:Bagley, John Joseph; Lewis, A. S. (1977).
3598:
3311:rather than just the parliamentary system.
3234:
2998:List of legislatures in the United Kingdom
2947:has its own dedicated parliament channel,
2585:
1041:Parliament possesses legislative supremacy
1001:
935:
648:
433:
9533:1801 establishments in the United Kingdom
4845:, with the consent of their governments.
4497:Works by Parliament of the United Kingdom
4298:
4258:. Parliament of the United Kingdom. 2007.
3850:Democratic Audit UK (20 September 2018).
3605:(Ph.D. thesis). University of Birmingham.
3003:List of parliaments of the United Kingdom
2747:, parliament agreed to the position that
2700:Thomas Cooper, 1st Lord Cooper of Culross
2272:Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill
2134:Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act
1829:The monarch reads a speech, known as the
1806:in an unsuccessful attempt to arrest the
1790:raises their wand of office to signal to
1489:
1430:, the home rule parliament was adjourned
1090:held at least every five years under the
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
4079:"Parliament (United Kingdom government)"
4024:PARLINE database on national parliaments
3742:
3195:
3193:
3061:United Kingdom Parliament constituencies
2880:
2667:
2599:
2429:judicial functions of the House of Lords
2405:
2238:
2234:
2143:
1889:Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom
1865:
1861:
1769:
1480:judicial functions of the House of Lords
1438:
1244:
4113:
3663:Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927
3618:"Debate: 30 June 2004: Column 318"
3072:
2885:Beaufort Portcullis badge of the Tudors
2262:This has led to a paradox known as the
1686:and all life peers appointed under the
1231:Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927
14:
9520:
9487:MPs who have acknowledged cannabis use
4814:Commonwealth Parliamentary Association
4384:
4364:Born to Rule: British Political Elites
4361:
4332:
4230:The History of the Scottish Parliament
4020:"United Kingdom; Member of Parliament"
3991:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3217:
2810:is no longer recognised there in law.
2710:Lord President of the Court of Session
2635:Parliamentary Under Secretary of State
2566:. These conditions and principles are
1854:, while the Commons equivalent is the
1723:House of Commons of the United Kingdom
1395:In 1920, in parallel to the Dáil, the
8182:
7484:
7057:
5933:
5518:
5450:Ottoman Empire (1876–1878, 1908–1920)
4872:
4515:
4057:. Lexis Nexis UK. pp. 119, 125.
3507:Constitutional and Administrative Law
3190:
2459:became the highest criminal court in
2401:
2226:Representation of the People Act 1867
1774:Leading 17th-century Parliamentarian
4309:
4228:Brown, K. M.; Tanner, R. J. (2004).
4104:Human Rights Act 1998, section 6(3).
2506:Alec Douglas-Home, 14th Earl of Home
2453:Scottish Lords of Appeal in Ordinary
1928:Both Houses may decide questions by
1786:Upon the signal of the Monarch, the
1078:The House of Commons is the elected
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
4262:
4220:Commentaries on the Laws of England
4201:from the original on 10 March 2019.
4175:from the original on 11 March 2019.
4054:Erskine May: Parliamentary Practice
4047:
3941:
3925:
3459:The Monarchy Today: Queen and State
3208:
2702:. When he decided the 1953 case of
2629:, but they are often answered by a
2592:Question Time § United Kingdom
2495:Relationship with the UK Government
2420:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
1716:
1690:(currently numbering around 700).
1613:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
1502:can also issue legislation through
1484:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
1462:authorised the regular creation of
1360:showed a landslide victory for the
1135:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
1129:consist of up to 26 bishops of the
24:
7965:Social Democratic and Labour Party
7941:Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
7645:Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
7633:Social Democratic and Labour Party
3677:. Parliament of the United Kingdom
3615:
2924:
2387:" (the Queen will think it over).
1622:
1133:. Before the establishment of the
802:Social Democratic and Labour Party
76:"Parliament of the United Kingdom"
25:
9569:
9497:MPs who changed party affiliation
4409:
3926:Vos, Pierre de (15 August 2017).
3429:"What is the role of Parliament?"
3264:
3223:Includes 43 MPs sponsored by the
2889:The quasi-official emblem of the
1671:
1563:
1023:, and may also legislate for the
9528:Parliament of the United Kingdom
8807:Green Party of England and Wales
8147:
7609:Green Party of England and Wales
5494:National unicameral legislatures
5108:Democratic Republic of the Congo
4579:Parliament of the United Kingdom
4504:
4217:Blackstone, Sir William (1765).
2551:," that is, rejects the budget.
1664:Lords Spiritual (Women) Act 2015
1156:, and thus has been called the "
1088:650 single-member constituencies
158:
41:
7060:Countries of the United Kingdom
6160:Countries of the United Kingdom
5545:National legislatures in Europe
5481:List of legislatures by country
4478:British House of Commons people
4183:
4163:"UK Parliament YouTube channel"
4155:
4141:
4124:
4107:
4098:
4071:
4041:
4012:
4000:. Papers on Parliament No. 48.
3985:
3973:
3919:
3894:
3869:
3843:
3822:
3762:
3736:
3714:
3689:
3667:
3656:
3639:
3609:
3592:
3566:
3541:
3515:
3484:
3447:
3421:
3410:
3406:Colonial Laws Validity Act 1865
3399:
3297:
2943:English channel. In the UK the
2619:Questions to the Prime Minister
2437:Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876
2211:Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011
2117:Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011
1973:Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011
1963:reduced it to five. During the
1682:The Lords Temporal consists of
1513:The legislative authority, the
52:needs additional citations for
9558:Westminster system parliaments
9553:Politics of the United Kingdom
9502:MPs sponsored by mining unions
9444:MPs who stood down by election
8959:Independents and minor parties
8167:Politics of the United Kingdom
6155:Counties of the United Kingdom
5407:Confederate States (1862–1865)
4741:British Indian Ocean Territory
4149:"Parliamentlive.tv Help Pages"
3574:"Lords Spiritual and Temporal"
3373:
3355:
3338:"About: Members of Parliament"
3330:
3251:
3177:
3168:
2441:Constitutional Reform Act 2005
2412:impeachment of Warren Hastings
2274:was prohibited from receiving
2259:relating to devolved matters.
2182:in the House of Lords and the
1919:Constitutional Reform Act 2005
1609:UK's supreme legislative court
1476:Constitutional Reform Act 2005
1436:without ever having operated.
1397:Government of Ireland Act 1920
13:
1:
9492:MPs with the shortest service
8979:MPs who were killed in office
3992:Twomey, Anne (January 2008).
3722:"State Opening of Parliament"
3652:. 19 January 1865. p. 9.
3318:
3259:members of the House of Lords
2821:
2640:The Official Report (Hansard)
2570:arising from the Sovereign's
2491:, but this was unsuccessful.
2418:Prior to the creation of the
2392:Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949
2089:Parliament for another year.
1709:limited their numbers to 92.
1591:Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949
1578:and the Lords Temporal being
1482:with the creation of the new
1215:
8944:Social Democratic and Labour
8817:Labour and Labour Co-op 2005
6927:Universal basic income (UBI)
4555:British Overseas Territories
4472:Parliamentary procedure site
4132:"The Portcullis (factsheet)"
3599:Mc Manamon, Anthony (2012).
3549:"Work of the House of Lords"
3323:
2335:Committee of the Whole House
2054:Parliament of United Kingdom
1873:in state robes. Portrait by
1420:held on the same day in 1921
1372:to establish an independent
1029:British Overseas Territories
7:
8211:Lists of United Kingdom MPs
6932:Water supply and sanitation
6631:Weapons of mass destruction
6616:His Majesty's Naval Service
4736:British Antarctic Territory
4503:(public domain audiobooks)
4312:The Parliaments of Scotland
3881:www.electoral-reform.org.uk
3790:"Democracy Live: Black Rod"
3697:"Dáil elections since 1918"
3417:Statute of Westminster 1931
3270:Alternatively known as the
2993:List of British governments
2958:
2705:MacCormick v. Lord Advocate
2433:Lords of Appeal in Ordinary
2280:Legislative Consent Motions
2220:caput, principium, et finis
2018:Parliament of Great Britain
1946:
1833:, which is prepared by the
1822:in 1688 and the subsequent
1759:State Opening of Parliament
1753:State Opening of Parliament
1382:proclaim Irish independence
1378:refused to take their seats
1210:(established 1215) and the
1196:Parliament of Great Britain
1178:Parliament of Great Britain
339:Speaker of the Commons
328:The Lord McFall of Alcluith
237:Parliament of Great Britain
32:Parliament of Great Britain
10:
9574:
8066:Communist Party of Britain
7831:Scottish Liberal Democrats
7690:Baroness Smith of Basildon
7657:Traditional Unionist Voice
7027:Stereotypes of the British
5412:Czechoslovakia (1920–1939)
4335:Scottish Historical Review
4223:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
4209:
2825:
2661:
2615:Leader of House of Commons
2596:Prime Minister's Questions
2589:
2568:constitutional conventions
2527:or during meetings of the
2085:Various Acts of Parliament
1923:both Houses simultaneously
1908:Chairman of Ways and Means
1814:. This action sparked the
1756:
1720:
1675:
1626:
1567:
1549:
1545:
1186:
1167:
1163:
1109:The House of Lords is the
1092:first-past-the-post system
826:Traditional Unionist Voice
29:
9479:
9443:
9376:
9251:
9141:
9051:
9044:
9014:
8967:
8751:
8711:
8654:
8513:
8372:
8361:
8218:
8142:
7975:
7929:Democratic Unionist Party
7904:Northern Ireland Assembly
7902:
7841:
7764:
7730:Democratic Unionist Party
7679:
7581:Democratic Unionist Party
7518:
7442:
7343:
7244:
7192:First Minister and deputy
7157:
7070:
7066:
7053:
7049:
6950:
6790:
6781:
6739:
6656:
6647:
6606:
6547:
6416:
6412:
6403:
6265:
6193:
6145:
6141:
6132:
6065:
5977:
5968:
5911:
5868:
5830:
5550:
5489:
5458:
5445:FR Yugoslavia (1992–2003)
5394:
5376:
5336:
5028:
4910:
4829:
4806:
4699:
4640:
4631:
4599:
4571:
4561:
4347:10.3366/shr.2000.79.2.189
4278:; Chisholm, Hugh (1911).
4028:Inter-Parliamentary Union
2982:The History of Parliament
2876:
2761:European Court of Justice
2753:European Court of Justice
2685:Northern Ireland Assembly
2658:Parliamentary sovereignty
2322:, is a formality. At the
2247:, where Parliament meets.
2122:arises, mentioned below.
1589:Since the passage of the
1447:In 1922, pursuant to the
1443:Victoria Tower In London.
1384:and form a revolutionary
1096:constitutional convention
991:
986:
943:
934:
929:
924:No later than August 2029
917:
905:
900:
742:Democratic Unionist Party
656:
647:
539:Democratic Unionist Party
441:
432:
409:
404:
381:
358:
336:
315:
297:
292:
282:Northern Ireland Assembly
250:
229:
214:
209:
188:
174:
169:
157:
150:
143:
8033:Workers Party of Britain
6820:Environmental inequality
5430:Soviet Union (1938–1991)
5363:Northern Mariana Islands
4794:Turks and Caicos Islands
4341:(208, Part 2): 189–212.
3622:House of Commons debates
3161:
3008:Parliament in the Making
2717:opinion on the subject.
2560:Leader of the Opposition
2529:parliamentary committees
2457:High Court of Justiciary
1899:for the Commons and the
1745:and the work of various
1478:led to abolition of the
1307:), who could ensure the
1189:Parliament in the Making
951:, London, United Kingdom
685:HM Most Loyal Opposition
658:Commons political groups
496:HM Most Loyal Opposition
384:Leader of the Opposition
218:1 January 1801
8917:Scottish National Party
7892:Welsh Liberal Democrats
7779:Scottish National Party
7569:Scottish National Party
4291:Encyclopædia Britannica
4117:London Evening Standard
4084:Encyclopædia Britannica
3998:Parliament of Australia
3817:May & Chisholm 1911
3773:. Dalesman. p. 15.
3755:Encyclopædia Britannica
3229:Labour and Co-operative
3185:Labour and Co-operative
2586:Parliamentary questions
2541:Motion of No Confidence
2383:
2328:motion of no confidence
2203:Parliament is dissolved
1903:in the House of Lords.
1707:House of Lords Act 1999
1535:for it to become law.
1471:House of Lords Act 1999
1117:, consisting mainly of
730:Scottish National Party
310:since 8 September 2022
9548:Bicameral legislatures
9543:Parliaments by country
8021:National Health Action
7852:Baroness Morgan of Ely
7791:Scottish Conservatives
7726:Lord Dodds of Duncairn
6706:Science and technology
5593:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4940:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4746:British Virgin Islands
4385:Wasson, E. A. (2017).
4362:Wasson, E. A. (2000).
3523:"How Parliament works"
3381:"State of the parties"
3280:Westminster Parliament
2886:
2693:Sir William Blackstone
2688:
2609:
2415:
2248:
2219:
2169:Speech from the Throne
2152:
1938:Speaker Denison's rule
1878:
1831:Speech from the Throne
1788:Lord Great Chamberlain
1783:
1699:Lord Great Chamberlain
1688:Life Peerages Act 1958
1490:Composition and powers
1460:Life Peerages Act 1958
1444:
1257:
1212:Parliament of Scotland
1174:Parliament of Scotland
1047:, it has three parts:
443:Lords political groups
353:since 4 November 2019
255:Provisional Parliament
9538:National legislatures
8902:Nationalist (Ireland)
7953:Ulster Unionist Party
7742:Ulster Unionist Party
7669:Ulster Unionist Party
6683:Free trade agreements
5504:National upper houses
5499:National lower houses
5402:Venezuela (1811-1999)
5113:Republic of the Congo
4709:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
4633:Dependent territories
4463:Topic: House of Lords
3877:"First Past the Post"
3675:"The Parliament Acts"
3455:"Queen in Parliament"
3227:, who are designated
2906:Palace of Westminster
2884:
2792:statutory instruments
2735:and 1925 granted the
2671:
2603:
2518:elective dictatorship
2409:
2287:Private Member's Bill
2264:West Lothian question
2245:Palace of Westminster
2242:
2235:Legislative functions
2150:Parliament Bill, 1911
2147:
1875:John Singleton Copley
1869:
1862:Legislative procedure
1782:annually commemorated
1773:
1657:, ranked in order of
1442:
1368:, who vowed in their
1255:it burnt down in 1834
1251:Palace of Westminster
1248:
1227:Parliament of Ireland
1208:Parliament of England
1182:Parliament of Ireland
1170:Parliament of England
1158:mother of parliaments
1067:normally acts on the
1033:Palace of Westminster
945:Palace of Westminster
919:Next Commons election
907:Last Commons election
838:Ulster Unionist Party
551:Ulster Unionist Party
242:Parliament of Ireland
8054:Progressive Unionist
7925:Emma Little-Pengelly
7032:World Heritage Sites
6825:Environmental issues
6529:Female party leaders
6170:Overseas territories
4701:Overseas Territories
3701:ARK Northern Ireland
3463:The British Monarchy
3433:How Parliament works
3246:Independent Alliance
3073:Lists of MPs elected
2976:History of democracy
2891:Houses of Parliament
2673:Parliament Buildings
2564:Lascelles Principles
2537:Motion of Confidence
2180:Select Vestries Bill
2010:Ratification of the
1897:Speaker of the House
1852:Select Vestries Bill
1540:government ministers
1125:. The less numerous
1100:government ministers
1082:of Parliament, with
971:51.49944°N 0.12472°W
754:Independent Alliance
164:Logo used since 2018
61:improve this article
8795:Democratic Unionist
8154:Politics portal
8097:Anthony Slaughter (
7868:Welsh Conservatives
7766:Scottish Parliament
7617:Liz Saville Roberts
5831:States with limited
5420:Estonia (1938–1940)
5303:Trinidad and Tobago
5043:Antigua and Barbuda
4689:Legislative Council
4474:at Leeds University
4448:"A–Z of Parliament"
4302:The Parliament Acts
4264:May, Thomas Erskine
3969:on 16 October 2006.
3025:Parliamentary Brief
3019:Parliamentary agent
2851:breach of the peace
2808:Imperial Parliament
2608:packed with members
2579:first-past-the-post
2257:Scottish Parliament
2209:and previously the
2165:oaths of allegiance
2158:Lords Commissioners
2101:Parliament Act 1911
2068:Parliament Act 1911
2032:Septennial Act 1715
1961:Parliament Act 1911
1957:Septennial Act 1715
1824:Bill of Rights 1689
1820:Glorious Revolution
1796:inspector of police
1730:First-Past-the-Post
1684:92 hereditary peers
1528:Parliament Act 1911
1342:Parliament Act 1911
1187:For a summary, see
967: /
949:City of Westminster
264:Scottish Parliament
8970:By decade of death
8893:National Liberal (
8106:James Lewthwaite (
7827:Alex Cole-Hamilton
7706:Conservative Party
7545:Conservative Party
6726:Telecommunications
6678:Economic geography
6534:Political scandals
6165:Crown Dependencies
5425:Serbia (1901–1903)
5123:Dominican Republic
4642:Crown Dependencies
4551:Crown Dependencies
4443:Parliament Live TV
4281:"Parliament"
3469:on 18 January 2008
3363:"Lords membership"
3342:Co-operative Party
3272:British Parliament
3225:Co-operative Party
3066:UK Parliament Week
2887:
2741:European Community
2737:Church of Scotland
2689:
2627:Secretary of State
2610:
2416:
2402:Judicial functions
2384:La reyne s'avisera
2249:
2178:in each House—the
2153:
2048:Acts of Union 1800
1953:Triennial Act 1694
1879:
1784:
1580:Peers of the Realm
1552:King-in-Parliament
1515:King-in-Parliament
1474:Additionally, the
1449:Anglo-Irish Treaty
1445:
1274:Acts of Union 1800
1258:
1150:Westminster system
1061:King-in-Parliament
1031:. It meets at the
1025:Crown Dependencies
976:51.49944; -0.12472
697:Conservative Party
508:Conservative Party
399:since 5 July 2024
376:since 5 July 2024
18:British Parliament
9515:
9514:
9439:
9438:
8939:Social Democratic
8707:
8706:
8176:
8175:
8132:English Democrats
8108:British Democrats
8099:Wales Green Party
7718:Liberal Democrats
7557:Liberal Democrats
7478:
7477:
7438:
7437:
7434:
7433:
7430:
7429:
7045:
7044:
6777:
6776:
6643:
6642:
6639:
6638:
6524:Political parties
6448:Foreign relations
6399:
6398:
6395:
6394:
6128:
6127:
6105:Mass surveillance
6083:Foreign relations
6016:Second World War
5927:
5926:
5512:
5511:
5435:Texas (1836–1845)
5340:other territories
5128:Equatorial Guinea
4866:
4865:
4861:
4802:
4801:
4724:House of Assembly
4627:
4626:
4438:from 1803 to 2005
4310:Rait, R. (1924).
4064:978-0-406-97094-7
3749:"Black Rod"
3494:. 3 November 2006
2966:Act of Parliament
2932:parliamentlive.tv
2838:freedom of speech
2816:Act of Union 1800
2714:Union legislation
2631:Minister of State
2268:Scotland Act 1998
2205:by virtue of the
2142:
2141:
1816:English Civil War
1802:stormed into the
1747:select committees
1655:Church of England
1641:, the bishops of
1602:select committees
1576:Church of England
1508:royal prerogative
1504:orders-in-council
1496:UK's constitution
1486:in October 2009.
1424:Dublin University
1131:Church of England
1009:
1008:
858:Presiding officer
718:Liberal Democrats
626:Presiding officer
527:Liberal Democrats
347:Sir Lindsay Hoyle
331:since 1 May 2021
251:Succeeded by
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
9565:
9379:
9378:Northern Ireland
9255:
9145:
9086:Liberal Democrat
9055:
9049:
9048:
9018:
8971:
8883:Liberal Unionist
8846:Liberal Democrat
8755:
8715:
8370:
8369:
8365:
8222:
8212:
8203:
8196:
8189:
8180:
8179:
8169:
8162:
8152:
8151:
8135:
8123:
8111:
8102:
8093:
8081:
8069:
8062:Robert Griffiths
8057:
8045:
8042:NI Conservatives
8036:
8024:
8015:
8003:
7991:
7968:
7956:
7944:
7932:
7920:
7913:Michelle O'Neill
7895:
7883:
7876:Rhun ap Iorwerth
7871:
7864:Andrew RT Davies
7859:
7834:
7822:
7806:
7794:
7782:
7757:
7745:
7733:
7721:
7709:
7697:
7672:
7660:
7648:
7636:
7624:
7612:
7596:
7584:
7572:
7560:
7548:
7536:
7520:House of Commons
7505:
7498:
7491:
7482:
7481:
7458:
7451:
7159:Northern Ireland
7068:
7067:
7055:
7054:
7051:
7050:
6788:
6787:
6701:
6654:
6653:
6512:House of Commons
6480:Local government
6414:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6320:Renewable energy
6305:hydroelectricity
6143:
6142:
6139:
6138:
5975:
5974:
5954:
5947:
5940:
5931:
5930:
5869:Dependencies and
5805:Northern Ireland
5551:Sovereign states
5539:
5532:
5525:
5516:
5515:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4870:
4869:
4831:
4784:Tristan da Cunha
4771:Pitcairn Islands
4756:Falkland Islands
4638:
4637:
4609:Northern Ireland
4584:House of Commons
4569:
4568:
4536:
4529:
4522:
4513:
4512:
4508:
4507:
4492:Internet Archive
4426:
4421:
4420:
4418:Official website
4404:
4398:
4390:
4381:
4375:
4367:
4358:
4329:
4323:
4315:
4306:
4295:
4283:
4271:
4259:
4251:
4224:
4203:
4202:
4187:
4181:
4176:
4159:
4153:
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4145:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4111:
4105:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4016:
4010:
4009:
3989:
3983:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3962:. Archived from
3961:
3952:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3856:Democratic Audit
3847:
3841:
3840:
3834:
3826:
3820:
3814:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3786:
3775:
3774:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3751:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3671:
3665:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3527:About Parliament
3519:
3513:
3512:
3501:
3499:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3474:
3465:. Archived from
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3425:
3419:
3414:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3369:. UK Parliament.
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3334:
3312:
3301:
3295:
3268:
3262:
3255:
3249:
3238:
3232:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3197:
3188:
3181:
3175:
3172:
2780:Northern Ireland
2681:Northern Ireland
2606:House of Commons
2549:withdraws Supply
2539:or by passing a
2469:Court of Session
2396:enacting formula
2386:
2222:
2078:Second World War
1987:
1986:
1965:Second World War
1885:stages of a bill
1804:House of Commons
1717:House of Commons
1703:hereditary peers
1523:House of Commons
1453:Irish Free State
1409:Southern Ireland
1405:Northern Ireland
1362:Irish republican
1282:electoral system
1235:Irish Free State
1220:
1217:
1123:hereditary peers
1057:House of Commons
1017:legislative body
1005:
1000:
997:
995:
982:
981:
979:
978:
977:
972:
968:
965:
964:
963:
960:
939:
892:
887:
871:
866:
852:
847:
840:
835:
828:
823:
816:
811:
804:
799:
792:
787:
780:
775:
768:
763:
756:
751:
744:
739:
732:
727:
720:
715:
706:Other opposition
699:
694:
678:
673:
652:
639:
634:
620:
615:
601:
596:
589:
584:
577:
572:
565:
560:
553:
548:
541:
536:
529:
524:
510:
505:
489:
484:
463:
458:
437:
369:Sir Keir Starmer
286:Northern Ireland
259:Irish Free State
230:Preceded by
225:
223:
201:House of Commons
162:
141:
140:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
9573:
9572:
9568:
9567:
9566:
9564:
9563:
9562:
9518:
9517:
9516:
9511:
9475:
9435:
9377:
9372:
9253:
9247:
9143:
9137:
9053:
9040:
9016:
9010:
8984:First World War
8969:
8963:
8949:Ulster Unionist
8888:National Labour
8753:
8747:
8713:
8703:
8650:
8509:
8364:By year elected
8363:
8357:
8220:
8214:
8210:
8207:
8177:
8172:
8165:
8158:
8146:
8138:
8126:
8114:
8105:
8096:
8084:
8072:
8060:
8048:
8040:Neil Johnston (
8039:
8029:George Galloway
8027:
8018:
8006:
7994:
7982:
7971:
7961:Matthew O'Toole
7959:
7947:
7935:
7923:
7911:
7898:
7886:
7874:
7862:
7850:
7837:
7825:
7819:Scottish Greens
7809:
7803:Scottish Labour
7797:
7785:
7773:
7760:
7748:
7736:
7724:
7712:
7700:
7688:
7675:
7663:
7651:
7641:Sorcha Eastwood
7639:
7627:
7615:
7599:
7587:
7575:
7563:
7551:
7539:
7527:
7514:
7509:
7479:
7474:
7461:
7454:
7447:
7426:
7339:
7240:
7153:
7062:
7041:
6946:
6902:Public holidays
6882:Life expectancy
6773:
6735:
6715:London Exchange
6711:Stock exchanges
6699:
6698:Pound sterling
6666:Bank of England
6635:
6626:Royal Air Force
6602:
6543:
6475:Law enforcement
6391:
6300:hydraulic frac.
6261:
6242:Lakes and lochs
6189:
6185:Former colonies
6124:
6120:Women's history
6095:Law enforcement
6061:
6007:First World War
5964:
5958:
5928:
5923:
5907:
5870:
5864:
5850:Northern Cyprus
5832:
5826:
5725:North Macedonia
5546:
5543:
5513:
5508:
5485:
5476:Multicameralism
5454:
5390:
5372:
5339:
5332:
5024:
4906:
4897:
4867:
4862:
4849:Island Councils
4846:
4825:
4798:
4695:
4623:
4595:
4557:
4543:Legislatures of
4540:
4505:
4454:Topic: Politics
4416:
4415:
4412:
4407:
4392:
4391:
4369:
4368:
4317:
4316:
4254:
4240:
4212:
4207:
4206:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4161:
4160:
4156:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4112:
4108:
4103:
4099:
4089:
4087:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4065:
4046:
4042:
4032:
4030:
4018:
4017:
4013:
3990:
3986:
3978:
3974:
3966:
3959:
3953:
3942:
3932:
3930:
3924:
3920:
3910:
3908:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3885:
3883:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3860:
3858:
3848:
3844:
3832:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3815:
3808:
3798:
3796:
3788:
3787:
3778:
3767:
3763:
3741:
3737:
3727:
3725:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3705:
3703:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3680:
3678:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3661:
3657:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3630:
3628:
3616:Jenkin, Clive.
3614:
3610:
3597:
3593:
3583:
3581:
3580:. UK Parliament
3572:
3571:
3567:
3557:
3555:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3532:
3530:
3529:. UK Parliament
3521:
3520:
3516:
3497:
3495:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3472:
3470:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3438:
3436:
3435:. UK Parliament
3427:
3426:
3422:
3415:
3411:
3404:
3400:
3390:
3388:
3387:. UK Parliament
3379:
3378:
3374:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3346:
3344:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3315:
3302:
3298:
3269:
3265:
3256:
3252:
3239:
3235:
3222:
3218:
3198:
3191:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3075:
3070:
2961:
2927:
2925:Broadcast media
2879:
2830:
2824:
2757:Factortame case
2731:Acts passed in
2683:is home to the
2666:
2660:
2598:
2588:
2525:"Question Time"
2497:
2404:
2375:Le Roy le veult
2339:Grand Committee
2307:Ten Minute Rule
2237:
2184:Outlawries Bill
2148:Passing of the
1949:
1915:Lord Chancellor
1871:Henry Addington
1864:
1856:Outlawries Bill
1761:
1755:
1725:
1719:
1680:
1674:
1631:
1629:Lords Spiritual
1625:
1623:Lords Spiritual
1572:
1566:
1554:
1548:
1492:
1403:parliaments of
1354:
1320:People's Budget
1313:Reform Act 1832
1301:rotten boroughs
1243:
1218:
1200:Treaty of Union
1192:
1185:
1166:
1127:Lords Spiritual
1015:is the supreme
992:
975:
973:
969:
966:
961:
958:
956:
954:
953:
952:
947:
920:
908:
896:
885:
884:
875:
864:
863:
856:
845:
844:
833:
832:
821:
820:
809:
808:
797:
796:
785:
784:
773:
772:
761:
760:
749:
748:
737:
736:
725:
724:
713:
712:
703:
692:
691:
682:
671:
670:
659:
643:
632:
631:
624:
613:
612:
605:
594:
593:
582:
581:
570:
569:
558:
557:
546:
545:
534:
533:
522:
521:
514:
503:
502:
493:
482:
481:
472:
467:
456:
455:
451:
449:Lords Spiritual
444:
428:
400:
398:
386:
377:
375:
363:
354:
352:
341:
332:
330:
320:
311:
309:
302:
280:
271:
262:
246:
221:
219:
205:
184:
183:
165:
152:59th Parliament
146:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9571:
9561:
9560:
9555:
9550:
9545:
9540:
9535:
9530:
9513:
9512:
9510:
9509:
9504:
9499:
9494:
9489:
9483:
9481:
9477:
9476:
9474:
9473:
9468:
9463:
9458:
9453:
9447:
9445:
9441:
9440:
9437:
9436:
9434:
9433:
9428:
9423:
9418:
9413:
9408:
9403:
9398:
9393:
9388:
9382:
9380:
9374:
9373:
9371:
9370:
9365:
9360:
9355:
9350:
9345:
9340:
9335:
9330:
9325:
9320:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9300:
9295:
9290:
9285:
9280:
9275:
9270:
9265:
9259:
9257:
9249:
9248:
9246:
9245:
9240:
9235:
9230:
9225:
9220:
9215:
9210:
9205:
9200:
9195:
9190:
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9108:
9100:
9095:
9090:
9089:
9088:
9083:
9078:
9070:
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9068:
9062:East Midlands
9059:
9057:
9046:
9042:
9041:
9039:
9038:
9033:
9028:
9026:Female members
9022:
9020:
9012:
9011:
9009:
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9003:
8998:
8993:
8988:
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8163:
8156:
8143:
8140:
8139:
8137:
8136:
8128:Robin Tilbrook
8124:
8120:Heritage Party
8112:
8103:
8094:
8082:
8070:
8058:
8050:Russell Watton
8046:
8037:
8025:
8016:
8004:
7992:
7979:
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7896:
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7860:
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7811:Patrick Harvie
7807:
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7770:
7768:
7762:
7761:
7759:
7758:
7746:
7734:
7722:
7710:
7698:
7685:
7683:
7681:House of Lords
7677:
7676:
7674:
7673:
7661:
7649:
7637:
7629:Colum Eastwood
7625:
7613:
7597:
7585:
7577:Gavin Robinson
7573:
7561:
7549:
7537:
7524:
7522:
7516:
7515:
7508:
7507:
7500:
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7440:
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7436:
7435:
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7428:
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7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7398:
7397:
7387:
7382:
7381:
7380:
7378:First Minister
7375:
7370:
7360:
7355:
7349:
7347:
7341:
7340:
7338:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7306:
7305:
7295:
7290:
7289:
7288:
7286:First Minister
7283:
7278:
7268:
7263:
7262:
7261:
7250:
7248:
7242:
7241:
7239:
7238:
7233:
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7218:
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7201:
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7163:
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6807:
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6797:
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6785:
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6769:Rail transport
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6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
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6604:
6603:
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6600:
6599:
6598:
6591:Prime Minister
6588:
6587:
6586:
6576:
6571:
6566:
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6551:
6545:
6544:
6542:
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6539:Shadow Cabinet
6536:
6531:
6526:
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6517:House of Lords
6514:
6504:
6499:
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6492:
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6147:Administrative
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5961:United Kingdom
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5919:European Union
5915:
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5912:Other entities
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5613:Czech Republic
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5348:American Samoa
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5313:United Kingdom
5310:
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5118:Czech Republic
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4977:
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4908:
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4881:
4873:
4864:
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4837:, but also in
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4751:Cayman Islands
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4589:House of Lords
4586:
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4563:United Kingdom
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4547:United Kingdom
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4410:External links
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4286:Chisholm, Hugh
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4154:
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4004:Australia Acts
3984:
3972:
3940:
3918:
3893:
3868:
3842:
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3806:
3776:
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3746:, ed. (1911).
3744:Chisholm, Hugh
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3257:The number of
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3056:TheyWorkForYou
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2949:BBC Parliament
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2915:Augustus Pugin
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2826:Main article:
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2745:European Union
2662:Main article:
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2008:
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1994:
1991:
1948:
1945:
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1835:Prime Minister
1778:is one of the
1765:House of Lords
1757:Main article:
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1751:
1721:Main article:
1718:
1715:
1678:Lords Temporal
1676:Main article:
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1672:Lords Temporal
1670:
1627:Main article:
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1621:
1570:House of Lords
1568:Main article:
1565:
1564:House of Lords
1562:
1550:Main article:
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1544:
1531:) and receive
1519:House of Lords
1491:
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1374:Irish Republic
1353:
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1286:constituencies
1284:, under which
1242:
1239:
1206:passed by the
1165:
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1154:British Empire
1115:Lords Temporal
1073:prime minister
1053:House of Lords
1021:United Kingdom
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9146:
9140:
9132:
9129:
9127:
9124:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9112:
9109:
9107:
9104:
9103:
9101:
9099:
9098:Wolverhampton
9096:
9094:
9091:
9087:
9084:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9073:
9071:
9067:
9064:
9063:
9061:
9060:
9058:
9056:
9050:
9047:
9043:
9037:
9036:Cameron Cutie
9034:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9023:
9021:
9019:
9013:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8985:
8982:
8981:
8980:
8977:
8976:
8974:
8972:
8966:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8928:
8925:
8923:
8920:
8919:
8918:
8915:
8913:
8910:
8908:
8905:
8903:
8900:
8898:
8896:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8857:
8854:
8852:
8849:
8848:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8839:
8835:
8832:
8831:
8830:
8827:
8823:
8820:
8818:
8815:
8814:
8813:
8810:
8808:
8805:
8801:
8798:
8797:
8796:
8793:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8775:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8760:
8758:
8756:
8750:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8724:
8721:
8720:
8718:
8716:
8710:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8678:
8675:
8674:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8663:
8660:
8659:
8657:
8653:
8647:
8644:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8629:
8627:
8624:
8622:
8619:
8617:
8614:
8612:
8609:
8607:
8604:
8602:
8599:
8597:
8594:
8592:
8589:
8587:
8584:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8574:
8572:
8569:
8567:
8564:
8562:
8559:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8549:
8547:
8544:
8542:
8539:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8518:
8516:
8512:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8496:
8493:
8491:
8488:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8377:
8375:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8360:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8343:
8341:
8338:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8328:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8316:
8313:
8311:
8308:
8306:
8303:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8228:
8227:
8225:
8223:
8217:
8213:
8204:
8199:
8197:
8192:
8190:
8185:
8184:
8181:
8168:
8164:
8161:
8157:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8144:
8141:
8133:
8129:
8125:
8121:
8117:
8113:
8109:
8104:
8100:
8095:
8091:
8087:
8083:
8079:
8075:
8071:
8067:
8063:
8059:
8055:
8051:
8047:
8043:
8038:
8034:
8030:
8026:
8022:
8019:Alex Ashman (
8017:
8013:
8012:Mebyon Kernow
8009:
8005:
8001:
7997:
7996:Steve Radford
7993:
7989:
7985:
7981:
7980:
7978:
7976:Minor parties
7974:
7966:
7962:
7958:
7954:
7950:
7946:
7942:
7938:
7934:
7930:
7926:
7922:
7918:
7914:
7910:
7909:
7907:
7905:
7901:
7893:
7889:
7885:
7881:
7877:
7873:
7869:
7865:
7861:
7857:
7853:
7849:
7848:
7846:
7844:
7840:
7832:
7828:
7824:
7820:
7816:
7812:
7808:
7804:
7800:
7796:
7792:
7788:
7784:
7780:
7776:
7772:
7771:
7769:
7767:
7763:
7755:
7751:
7747:
7743:
7739:
7735:
7731:
7727:
7723:
7719:
7715:
7711:
7707:
7703:
7699:
7695:
7691:
7687:
7686:
7684:
7682:
7678:
7670:
7666:
7662:
7658:
7654:
7650:
7646:
7642:
7638:
7634:
7630:
7626:
7622:
7618:
7614:
7610:
7606:
7605:Adrian Ramsay
7602:
7598:
7594:
7590:
7586:
7582:
7578:
7574:
7570:
7566:
7565:Stephen Flynn
7562:
7558:
7554:
7550:
7546:
7542:
7538:
7534:
7530:
7526:
7525:
7523:
7521:
7517:
7513:
7506:
7501:
7499:
7494:
7492:
7487:
7486:
7483:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7462:
7457:
7453:
7450:
7446:
7445:
7441:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7396:
7393:
7392:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7365:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7350:
7348:
7346:
7342:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7304:
7301:
7300:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7273:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7260:
7257:
7256:
7255:
7252:
7251:
7249:
7247:
7243:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7210:
7207:
7206:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7179:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7164:
7162:
7160:
7156:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7118:
7115:
7114:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7082:
7081:
7078:
7077:
7075:
7073:
7069:
7065:
7061:
7056:
7052:
7048:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6981:
6978:
6977:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6953:
6949:
6943:
6942:Welfare state
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6887:Mental health
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6842:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6830:Ethnic groups
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6792:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6780:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6754:Bus transport
6752:
6750:
6749:Air transport
6747:
6746:
6744:
6742:
6738:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6716:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6696:
6694:
6693:Manufacturing
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6667:
6664:
6663:
6662:
6659:
6658:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6646:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6613:
6611:
6609:
6605:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6592:
6589:
6585:
6582:
6581:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6569:Civil service
6567:
6563:
6560:
6559:
6558:
6555:
6554:
6552:
6550:
6546:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6509:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6496:
6495:republicanism
6493:
6491:
6488:
6487:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6459:
6456:
6455:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6442:
6439:
6438:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6418:
6415:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6402:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6377:
6375:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6362:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6337:
6335:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6315:North Sea oil
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6282:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6268:
6264:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6226:
6223:
6222:
6221:
6218:
6214:
6213:Great Britain
6211:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6204:
6203:British Isles
6201:
6200:
6198:
6196:
6192:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6150:
6148:
6144:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6131:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6089:
6086:
6085:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6064:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6032:
6030:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6002:Edwardian era
6000:
5998:
5997:Victorian era
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5982:
5980:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5967:
5962:
5955:
5950:
5948:
5943:
5941:
5936:
5935:
5932:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5910:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5883:Faroe Islands
5881:
5879:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5867:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5855:South Ossetia
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5829:
5823:
5820:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5685:Liechtenstein
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5549:
5540:
5535:
5533:
5528:
5526:
5521:
5520:
5517:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5488:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5471:Tricameralism
5469:
5467:
5466:Unicameralism
5464:
5463:
5461:
5457:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5393:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5378:Non-UN states
5375:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5338:Dependent and
5335:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5031:
5027:
5021:
5020:United States
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4894:
4889:
4887:
4882:
4880:
4875:
4874:
4871:
4860:
4858:
4857:Administrator
4854:
4850:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4807:Miscellaneous
4805:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4698:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4684:House of Keys
4682:
4681:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4651:Bailiwick of
4648:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
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4321:
4313:
4308:
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4269:
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4239:9780748614851
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4215:
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4120:. p. 16.
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3929:
3922:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3882:
3878:
3872:
3857:
3853:
3846:
3838:
3837:UK Parliament
3831:
3825:
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3813:
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3795:
3791:
3785:
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3781:
3772:
3765:
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3627:
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3603:
3595:
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3553:parliament.uk
3550:
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3464:
3460:
3456:
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3434:
3430:
3424:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3402:
3386:
3385:MPs and Lords
3382:
3376:
3368:
3367:MPs and Lords
3364:
3358:
3343:
3339:
3333:
3329:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3293:
3289:
3288:metonymically
3285:
3281:
3277:
3276:UK Parliament
3273:
3267:
3260:
3254:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3230:
3226:
3220:
3212:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3194:
3186:
3183:Including 14
3180:
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3167:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
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3113:
3111:
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3101:
3098:
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3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2922:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2911:Charles Barry
2907:
2902:
2900:
2899:Tudor dynasty
2896:
2893:is a crowned
2892:
2883:
2874:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2859:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2819:
2817:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2788:General Synod
2785:
2782:, but not in
2781:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2694:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2583:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2492:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2446:
2445:Supreme Court
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2424:Privy Council
2421:
2413:
2408:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2371:Norman French
2368:
2363:
2361:
2356:
2355:immediately.
2353:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2320:first reading
2316:
2313:
2312:Filibustering
2308:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2246:
2241:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2197:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2151:
2146:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2052:Formation of
2051:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2016:Formation of
2015:
2013:
2012:Acts of Union
2009:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1883:See also the
1881:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1766:
1760:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1743:Question Time
1738:
1734:
1731:
1724:
1714:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1561:
1559:
1553:
1543:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1500:privy council
1497:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1441:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1331:H. H. Asquith
1327:
1325:
1324:Liberal Party
1321:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:Great Britain
1263:
1256:
1252:
1249:Print of the
1247:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1223:Acts of Union
1213:
1209:
1205:
1204:Acts of Union
1201:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1137:in 2009, the
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1111:upper chamber
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1080:lower chamber
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1049:the sovereign
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1004:
999:
990:
985:
980:
950:
946:
942:
938:
933:
930:Meeting place
928:
925:
922:
916:
913:
910:
904:
899:
891:
883:
882:
880:
879:
870:
862:
861:
859:
851:
843:
839:
831:
827:
819:
815:
807:
803:
795:
791:
783:
779:
771:
767:
759:
755:
747:
743:
735:
731:
723:
719:
711:
710:
708:
707:
698:
690:
689:
687:
686:
677:
669:
668:
666:
665:
664:HM Government
661:
655:
651:
646:
638:
630:
629:
627:
619:
618:Crossbenchers
611:
610:
608:
600:
592:
588:
580:
576:
568:
564:
556:
552:
544:
540:
532:
528:
520:
519:
517:
509:
501:
500:
498:
497:
488:
480:
479:
477:
476:
475:HM Government
471:
462:
454:
453:
450:
446:
440:
436:
431:
424:
421:
418:
415:
414:
412:
408:
403:
397:
393:
388:
385:
380:
374:
370:
365:
362:
357:
351:
348:
343:
340:
335:
329:
326:
322:
319:
314:
308:
304:
301:
296:
291:
288:only; partly)
287:
283:
279:only; partly)
278:
274:
270:only; partly)
269:
265:
260:
256:
253:
249:
243:
240:
238:
235:
234:
232:
228:
217:
213:
208:
202:
199:
197:
194:
193:
191:
187:
182:
177:
173:
168:
161:
156:
153:
149:
142:
139:
131:
128:
120:
117:December 2023
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
9076:Conservative
8894:
8829:Labour Co-op
8773:Conservative
8714:By seniority
8116:David Kurten
8086:Nick Tenconi
8074:Dave Nellist
7949:Mike Nesbitt
7856:Welsh Labour
7815:Lorna Slater
7787:Douglas Ross
7775:John Swinney
7694:Labour Party
7653:Jim Allister
7601:Carla Denyer
7589:Nigel Farage
7533:Labour Party
7529:Keir Starmer
7320:Homelessness
7134:Homelessness
6917:Social class
6897:Prostitution
6840:Homelessness
6621:British Army
6506:
6453:Human rights
6441:By-elections
6421:Constitution
5992:Georgian era
5860:Transnistria
5822:Vatican City
5799:
5312:
5308:Turkmenistan
5283:South Africa
4904:legislatures
4832:
4818:
4776:Saint Helena
4658:dependencies
4657:
4650:
4578:
4467:The Guardian
4466:
4458:The Guardian
4457:
4435:
4386:
4363:
4338:
4334:
4311:
4301:
4289:
4276:May, Erskine
4267:
4229:
4218:
4197:. Euronews.
4194:
4185:
4166:
4157:
4143:
4126:
4115:
4109:
4100:
4088:. Retrieved
4082:
4073:
4053:
4049:May, Erskine
4043:
4031:. Retrieved
4023:
4014:
4001:
3997:
3987:
3975:
3964:the original
3931:. Retrieved
3921:
3909:. Retrieved
3906:wwnorton.com
3905:
3896:
3884:. Retrieved
3880:
3871:
3859:. Retrieved
3855:
3845:
3836:
3824:
3797:. Retrieved
3793:
3770:
3764:
3753:
3738:
3726:. Retrieved
3716:
3704:. Retrieved
3700:
3691:
3679:. Retrieved
3669:
3662:
3658:
3647:
3641:
3629:. Retrieved
3621:
3611:
3601:
3594:
3582:. Retrieved
3577:
3568:
3556:. Retrieved
3552:
3543:
3531:. Retrieved
3526:
3517:
3506:
3503:
3496:. Retrieved
3486:
3478:
3471:. Retrieved
3467:the original
3458:
3449:
3437:. Retrieved
3432:
3423:
3412:
3401:
3389:. Retrieved
3384:
3375:
3366:
3357:
3345:. Retrieved
3332:
3299:
3291:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3266:
3253:
3236:
3219:
3179:
3170:
3023:
2980:
2930:
2928:
2919:
2903:
2888:
2871:
2860:
2843:high treason
2835:
2831:
2812:
2807:
2796:
2769:
2749:European law
2730:
2727:
2719:
2703:
2697:
2690:
2651:
2645:
2638:
2623:
2611:
2576:
2557:
2553:
2545:
2533:
2522:
2510:
2498:
2480:high treason
2473:
2452:
2450:
2417:
2389:
2367:royal assent
2364:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2332:
2317:
2305:a bill. The
2303:
2295:Private Bill
2291:public bills
2284:
2276:royal assent
2261:
2250:
2230:
2217:
2215:
2200:
2193:
2187:
2175:
2173:
2162:
2154:
2130:5 (maximum)
1993:Term (years)
1982:
1981:
1950:
1942:
1927:
1912:
1905:
1901:Lord Speaker
1894:
1882:
1845:
1843:
1828:
1812:John Hampden
1808:Five Members
1785:
1780:Five Members
1776:John Hampden
1762:
1739:
1735:
1726:
1711:
1695:Earl Marshal
1692:
1681:
1662:
1659:consecration
1632:
1617:
1606:
1599:
1588:
1573:
1558:royal assent
1555:
1537:
1533:royal assent
1526:
1512:
1493:
1468:
1464:life peerage
1457:
1446:
1431:
1417:
1394:
1390:Dáil Éireann
1355:
1339:
1335:Conservative
1328:
1317:
1298:
1259:
1193:
1147:
1141:through the
1108:
1077:
1012:
1010:
876:
857:
850:Independents
704:
683:
676:Labour Party
662:
637:Lord Speaker
625:
606:
587:Independents
516:Other groups
515:
494:
487:Labour Party
473:
422:
416:
396:Conservative
318:Lord Speaker
138:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
8907:Plaid Cymru
8822:Labour 2005
7880:Plaid Cymru
7799:Anas Sarwar
7754:Plaid Cymru
7750:Lord Wigley
7665:Robin Swann
7621:Plaid Cymru
7541:Rishi Sunak
7407:Health care
7315:Health care
7221:Health care
7129:Health care
7037:Anglosphere
6912:Social care
6867:Immigration
6810:Drug policy
6574:Departments
6502:Nationality
6275:Agriculture
6208:terminology
6175:City status
6046:Since 1979
5898:Isle of Man
5833:recognition
5785:Switzerland
5720:Netherlands
5415:(1969–1992)
5368:Puerto Rico
5358:Isle of Man
5273:Saint Lucia
5253:Philippines
5233:Netherlands
5173:Ivory Coast
5015:Switzerland
5005:South Sudan
4679:Isle of Man
4090:22 February
4033:22 February
3631:10 February
3584:10 February
3498:13 November
3473:19 February
3439:10 February
3305:John Bright
3292:Westminster
2953:BBC iPlayer
2867:prorogation
2804:Canada Acts
2648:Order Paper
2299:Hybrid Bill
2196:prorogation
2097:5 (maximum)
2064:5 (maximum)
2044:7 (maximum)
2028:7 (maximum)
2007:3 (maximum)
1887:section in
1595:money bills
1428:Second Dáil
1413:direct rule
1278:lower house
1219: 1235
996:.parliament
974: /
912:4 July 2024
790:Plaid Cymru
778:Green Party
700: (121)
679: (404)
621: (184)
575:Plaid Cymru
563:Green Party
511: (275)
490: (185)
392:Rishi Sunak
307:Charles III
215:Established
9522:Categories
9031:Blair Babe
8834:Co-op 2005
8221:By surname
7984:Mal O'Hara
7937:Naomi Long
7888:Jane Dodds
7738:Lord Rogan
7714:Lord Newby
7373:Government
7281:Government
7276:Parliament
6992:Literature
6872:Innovation
6805:Demography
6700:(currency)
6549:Government
6507:Parliament
6431:Devolution
6426:Corruption
6361:Materials
6295:geothermal
5979:Chronology
5755:San Marino
5715:Montenegro
5695:Luxembourg
5675:Kazakhstan
5578:Azerbaijan
5395:Historical
5386:Somaliland
5323:Uzbekistan
5293:Tajikistan
5213:Madagascar
5193:Kazakhstan
4766:Montserrat
4314:. Glasgow.
4177:, without
3982:section 38
3728:14 October
3558:7 December
3319:References
3284:Parliament
2895:portcullis
2822:Privileges
2590:See also:
2489:Tony Blair
2379:Queen Anne
1930:voice vote
1877:, 1797–98.
1651:Winchester
1635:Canterbury
1521:, and the
1494:Under the
1386:unicameral
1346:money bill
1272:under the
1119:life peers
1055:, and the
959:51°29′58″N
721: (72)
607:Crossbench
602: (41)
530: (79)
464: (25)
293:Leadership
222:1801-01-01
87:newspapers
9045:By region
9017:By gender
8934:Sinn FĂ©in
8912:Reform UK
8768:Communist
8008:Dick Cole
7917:Sinn FĂ©in
7702:Lord True
7593:Reform UK
7402:Education
7358:Geography
7310:Education
7266:Geography
7216:Education
7187:Executive
7172:Geography
7124:Education
7097:Geography
6877:Languages
6815:Education
6741:Transport
6579:Ministers
6465:Judiciary
6436:Elections
6376:Wildlife
6285:biodiesel
6267:Resources
6257:Volcanoes
6247:Mountains
6232:Coastline
6134:Geography
6088:1814–1919
6050:political
6035:political
5987:Formation
5888:Gibraltar
5690:Lithuania
5158:Indonesia
4925:Australia
4920:Argentina
4901:bicameral
4899:National
4847:Although
4780:Ascension
4761:Gibraltar
4572:Sovereign
4395:cite book
4389:. Berlin.
4372:cite book
4366:. Stroud.
4320:cite book
4179:subtitles
3649:The Times
3324:Footnotes
3303:However,
3278:, or the
3211:help page
2800:Australia
2755:. In the
2484:impeaches
2465:Scots law
2253:Scots law
2188:pro forma
2176:pro forma
1847:pro forma
1800:Charles I
1792:Black Rod
1615:in 2009.
1415:in 1973.
1401:home rule
1370:manifesto
1366:Sinn FĂ©in
1290:Old Sarum
1253:, before
1143:law lords
1084:elections
1065:The Crown
1045:bicameral
962:0°07′29″W
901:Elections
893: (7)
890:Sinn FĂ©in
872: (1)
853: (8)
841: (1)
829: (1)
817: (1)
805: (2)
793: (4)
781: (4)
769: (5)
766:Reform UK
757: (5)
745: (5)
733: (9)
640: (1)
590: (2)
578: (2)
566: (2)
554: (3)
542: (6)
405:Structure
181:Bicameral
9507:LGBT MPs
9144:Scotland
9102:England
8763:Alliance
8754:By party
7988:Green NI
7553:Ed Davey
7465:Category
7417:Religion
7363:Politics
7330:Religion
7271:Politics
7259:timeline
7246:Scotland
7231:Religion
7182:Assembly
7177:Politics
7144:Religion
7102:Politics
7090:timeline
7007:Religion
6987:Identity
6850:Scotland
6795:Cannabis
6721:Taxation
6608:Military
6490:monarchs
6485:Monarchy
6405:Politics
6365:forestry
6345:Scottish
6336:Fishing
6195:Physical
6115:Taxation
6110:Military
6100:Maritime
6073:Economic
6066:By topic
6031:Postwar
6025:military
6020:civilian
6012:Interwar
5893:Guernsey
5840:Abkhazia
5810:Scotland
5770:Slovenia
5765:Slovakia
5740:Portugal
5598:Bulgaria
5328:Zimbabwe
5298:Thailand
5278:Slovenia
5248:Paraguay
5133:Eswatini
5103:Colombia
5093:Cameroon
5088:Cambodia
5058:Barbados
4990:Pakistan
4970:Malaysia
4960:Ethiopia
4853:Governor
4839:Alderney
4835:Guernsey
4714:Anguilla
4662:Alderney
4653:Guernsey
4614:Scotland
4601:Devolved
4501:LibriVox
4355:25530973
4266:(1896).
4248:56453651
4199:Archived
4173:Archived
4051:(2004).
3799:6 August
3794:BBC News
3706:26 April
3578:Glossary
3201:Scottish
2959:See also
2941:Euronews
2863:subpoena
2772:Scotland
2677:Stormont
2476:felonies
2461:Scotland
2094:Post-WW2
1947:Duration
1934:division
1837:and the
1433:sine die
1399:created
1309:election
1027:and the
423:Commons:
394:MP,
371:MP,
268:Scotland
9072:London
9054:England
8841:Liberal
8000:Liberal
7449:Outline
7422:Symbols
7412:Culture
7395:tourism
7390:Economy
7353:History
7335:Symbols
7325:Culture
7303:tourism
7298:Economy
7254:History
7236:Symbols
7226:Culture
7209:tourism
7204:Economy
7167:History
7149:Symbols
7139:Culture
7117:tourism
7112:Economy
7080:History
7072:England
7022:Theatre
7017:Symbols
6975:Cuisine
6952:Culture
6922:Suicide
6892:Poverty
6857:Housing
6845:England
6783:Society
6759:Driving
6731:Tourism
6649:Economy
6557:Cabinet
6357:Hunting
6340:English
6237:Geology
6220:Climate
5970:History
5795:Ukraine
5745:Romania
5705:Moldova
5663:Ireland
5658:Iceland
5653:Hungary
5643:Germany
5638:Georgia
5628:Finland
5623:Estonia
5618:Denmark
5603:Croatia
5588:Belgium
5583:Belarus
5573:Austria
5568:Armenia
5563:Andorra
5558:Albania
5459:Related
5353:Bermuda
5318:Uruguay
5263:Romania
5228:Namibia
5223:Myanmar
5218:Morocco
5208:Liberia
5203:Lesotho
5178:Jamaica
5163:Ireland
5148:Grenada
5083:Burundi
5078:Bolivia
5063:Belarus
5053:Bahrain
5048:Bahamas
5038:Algeria
5030:Unitary
5000:Somalia
4985:Nigeria
4935:Belgium
4930:Austria
4912:Federal
4820:Hansard
4719:Bermuda
4490:at the
4436:Hansard
4288:(ed.).
4210:Sources
4195:YouTube
4168:YouTube
3933:20 June
3911:20 June
3886:20 June
3861:20 June
3626:Hansard
3533:21 June
3391:16 July
3309:England
2937:YouTube
2784:England
2502:Cabinet
2373:words "
2337:or the
1839:Cabinet
1697:or the
1584:estates
1546:Monarch
1294:Dunwich
1270:Ireland
1164:History
1104:Cabinet
1071:of the
1019:of the
987:Website
869:Speaker
461:Bishops
390:Rt Hon
367:Rt Hon
345:Rt Hon
300:Monarch
220: (
210:History
101:scholar
9308:Oct 74
9303:Feb 74
9183:Oct 74
9178:Feb 74
9081:Labour
8812:Labour
8621:Oct 74
8616:Feb 74
8536:Dec 10
8531:Jan 10
7843:Senedd
7470:Portal
7368:Senedd
7085:social
6970:Cinema
6965:Anthem
6907:Racism
6862:Hunger
6835:Health
6688:Income
6673:Budget
6370:mining
6310:marine
6280:Energy
6252:Rivers
6225:change
6078:Empire
6055:social
6040:social
5903:Jersey
5845:Kosovo
5790:Turkey
5780:Sweden
5760:Serbia
5750:Russia
5735:Poland
5730:Norway
5710:Monaco
5680:Latvia
5648:Greece
5633:France
5608:Cyprus
5268:Rwanda
5258:Poland
5188:Jordan
5138:France
5073:Bhutan
5068:Belize
4995:Russia
4975:Mexico
4950:Canada
4945:Brazil
4729:Senate
4674:Jersey
4482:C-SPAN
4353:
4246:
4236:
4061:
3681:17 May
3347:10 May
3274:, the
2877:Emblem
2856:juries
2847:felony
2759:, the
2594:, and
2414:, 1788
2360:Supply
2352:solely
1999:Notes
1647:Durham
1643:London
1364:party
1180:, and
1098:, all
1069:advice
1051:, the
1037:London
888:
886:
867:
865:
848:
846:
836:
834:
824:
822:
812:
810:
800:
798:
788:
786:
776:
774:
764:
762:
752:
750:
740:
738:
728:
726:
716:
714:
695:
693:
674:
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635:
633:
616:
614:
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595:
585:
583:
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571:
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559:
549:
547:
537:
535:
525:
523:
506:
504:
485:
483:
459:
457:
417:Lords:
373:Labour
325:Rt Hon
273:Senedd
189:Houses
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
9480:Other
9254:Wales
9006:2020s
9001:2010s
8996:2000s
8991:1990s
8655:2000s
8514:1900s
8373:1800s
7456:Index
7345:Wales
7012:Sport
7002:Music
6997:Media
6937:Waste
6800:Crime
6764:Roads
6661:Banks
6385:flora
6380:fauna
6350:Welsh
6325:solar
6180:Towns
5878:Ă…land
5815:Wales
5775:Spain
5700:Malta
5670:Italy
5288:Spain
5243:Palau
5198:Kenya
5183:Japan
5168:Italy
5153:Haiti
5143:Gabon
5098:Chile
5010:Sudan
4980:Nepal
4965:India
4955:Egypt
4619:Wales
4351:JSTOR
4339:LXXIX
4284:. In
4135:(PDF)
3967:(PDF)
3960:(PDF)
3833:(PDF)
3187:peers
3162:Notes
2776:Wales
1305:peers
1094:. By
410:Seats
277:Wales
261:only)
108:JSTOR
94:books
9451:2010
9401:2001
9391:1992
9386:1987
9106:2005
9093:Kent
9066:2010
8954:Whig
8922:2005
8895:1931
8851:2005
8800:2005
8778:2005
8723:2010
8662:2001
8521:1900
8380:1801
8090:UKIP
8078:TUSC
7813:and
7603:and
6980:Wine
6596:list
6584:list
6562:list
6458:LGBT
6330:wind
6290:coal
5238:Oman
4843:Sark
4841:and
4782:and
4667:Sark
4565:(UK)
4553:and
4545:the
4401:link
4378:link
4326:link
4244:OCLC
4234:ISBN
4092:2008
4059:ISBN
4035:2008
3935:2019
3913:2019
3888:2019
3863:2019
3801:2008
3730:2009
3708:2009
3683:2013
3633:2008
3586:2008
3560:2022
3535:2017
3500:2018
3475:2008
3441:2008
3393:2023
3349:2024
3242:whip
3203:and
2913:and
2802:and
2778:and
2743:and
2733:1921
2410:The
2243:The
2127:2022
2110:2011
2061:1911
2041:1801
2025:1715
2004:1707
1990:Year
1969:52nd
1649:and
1639:York
1637:and
1469:The
1407:and
1356:The
1340:The
1268:and
1260:The
1194:The
1011:The
175:Type
170:Type
80:news
8677:new
7385:Law
7293:Law
7199:Law
7107:Law
6960:Art
6470:Law
4499:at
4343:doi
3290:as
3286:or
2945:BBC
2849:or
2708:as
2633:or
2520:".
2478:or
1996:Act
1510:.
1202:by
1160:".
1086:to
1035:in
998:.uk
994:www
425:650
419:805
63:by
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9471:24
9466:19
9461:17
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9431:24
9426:19
9421:17
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9353:15
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9328:92
9323:87
9318:83
9313:79
9298:70
9293:66
9288:64
9283:59
9278:55
9273:51
9268:50
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9243:24
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9228:15
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9218:05
9213:01
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8927:10
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8626:79
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