338:
The trial court had found that Sarony had "by posing the said Oscar Wilde in front of the camera, selecting and arranging the costume, draperies, and other various accessories in said photograph, arranging the subject so as to present graceful outlines, arranging and disposing the light and shade, suggesting and evoking the desired expression, and from such disposition, arrangement, or representation, made entirely by the plaintiff, he produced the picture in suit." This control that Sarony exercised over the subject matter, in the view of the Court, showed that he was the "author" of "an original work of art" and thus within the "class" of things for which the
Constitution intended Congress to grant him exclusive rights under the copyright laws.
31:
334:, and that etchings and engravings were added when it was first amended in 1802. The members of Congress that passed these first copyright acts were contemporaries of the Framers of the Constitution, and many of them attended the Constitutional Convention itself. As such, their interpretation of the Constitution, Justice Miller wrote, "is of itself entitled to very great weight, and when it is remembered that the rights thus established have not been disputed during a period of nearly a century, it is almost conclusive."
350:
273:
364:
511:
330:'s unanimous opinion for the Supreme Court wrote that Congress has "properly declared these to include all forms of writing, printing, engraving, etching, &c., by which the ideas in the mind of the author are given visible expression." The Court noted that "maps and charts" were among the subjects of the first
337:
Even if other visual works could be copyrighted, Burrow-Giles argued, photography was merely a mechanical process rather than an art, and could not embody an author's "idea". The Court accepted that this may be true of "ordinary" photographs, but this was not in the case of Sarony's image of Wilde.
1682:
2844:
303:, entitled "Oscar Wilde No. 18." The company argued that photographs could not qualify as "writings" or as the production of an "author", in the language of the grant of power to Congress under article I, section 8, clause 8 of the
121:
It is within the constitutional power of
Congress to extend copyright protection to photographs that are a representation of an author's original intellectual conceptions. Circuit Court for the Southern District of New York
822:
1279:
4250:
3541:
2804:
1359:
1327:
4683:
2780:
4530:
4242:
789:
4870:
4525:
2977:
643:
311:, though expressing some doubt over the constitutionality of § 4952, declined to invalidate it and awarded a $ 610 judgment ($ 21,000 in modern dollars) to Sarony. It was affirmed by the
4234:
3381:
3974:
3894:
749:
3333:
2083:
308:
105:
307:
to protect copyrights, and so § 4952 of the
Copyright Act of 1865, which explicitly extended protection to photographs, was unconstitutional. The federal trial court for the
700:
4218:
3549:
1754:
1303:
696:
647:
3901:
753:
2714:
4096:
515:
5414:
4958:
4741:
4457:
4226:
3693:
3661:
3341:
968:
382:
324:
4341:
4258:
1498:
5268:
4854:
3849:
3349:
2945:
1052:
1778:
1060:
5057:
4765:
4718:
4678:
4186:
3770:
3717:
3421:
3102:
2812:
2013:
1811:
1127:
377:
875:
5081:
5009:
4934:
4846:
3065:
2905:
1231:
526:
405:
242:
72:
5089:
3645:
3231:
2772:
2067:
1981:
1706:
1602:
1391:
4178:
3557:
3268:
1666:
432:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a
Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
5073:
3277:
3127:
1287:
5113:
4266:
3937:
3581:
3517:
2820:
5153:
4450:
3953:
3795:
3749:
3317:
2828:
1375:
935:
5017:
4918:
3493:
3049:
2743:
2458:
2373:
1522:
5276:
4830:
3725:
3429:
3215:
3135:
2660:
2519:
2381:
4493:
4210:
3621:
3143:
2985:
2652:
1650:
629:
219:
1918:
3779:
467:
5193:
4926:
4610:
4443:
3247:
3057:
2929:
2897:
2588:
1963:
1570:
5409:
5209:
5065:
4838:
3565:
2969:
2692:
1514:
1367:
1335:
1004:
5177:
3325:
3223:
2466:
2450:
2442:
3637:
3357:
3111:
2503:
2349:
2341:
1263:
452:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a
Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States
5424:
4910:
4667:
3653:
3033:
2644:
1554:
1399:
1319:
1012:
5332:
5097:
5001:
4985:
4894:
4701:
3605:
3255:
2684:
1562:
1143:
5300:
5105:
4410:
4170:
3741:
3709:
3509:
3501:
3293:
3073:
3041:
2921:
2876:
2796:
2389:
1586:
1482:
1111:
5316:
5292:
5169:
4942:
3175:
3089:
2788:
2722:
2511:
2365:
2357:
1730:
1442:
1271:
1223:
617:
5324:
5225:
4886:
4568:
4499:
4386:
3787:
3733:
3009:
2836:
2543:
2486:
1247:
590:
5419:
5284:
5129:
5041:
4950:
4862:
4632:
4477:
4466:
3597:
3081:
2961:
2852:
1690:
1674:
1239:
1191:
781:
720:
667:
626:
249:
35:
5434:
5185:
4977:
3573:
3445:
3285:
2636:
2620:
2474:
1626:
1578:
1466:
1343:
546:
4672:
4418:
3613:
3525:
3301:
3151:
1215:
1199:
1175:
5374:
5241:
4031:
3159:
3017:
2751:
2005:
1167:
1135:
842:
4487:
2208:
1786:
1618:
1151:
1020:
223:
5233:
5201:
5137:
4638:
4146:
2734:
2527:
2433:
1906:
1383:
895:
5340:
5308:
4661:
4649:
4320:
2993:
1997:
1634:
1183:
582:
459:
439:
5387:
4822:
3820:
3589:
2913:
2397:
1538:
1311:
943:
312:
109:
5121:
3873:
3365:
1207:
1119:
964:
304:
5369:
5217:
4626:
4362:
4354:
3865:
3207:
2612:
2559:
1762:
1714:
1610:
1546:
996:
177:
564:
101:
4643:
4154:
4047:
3999:
3757:
3389:
3183:
2953:
2535:
2495:
2413:
887:
610:
4724:
4655:
4518:
4503:
3461:
3239:
3167:
2580:
2551:
1094:
1028:
980:
850:
818:
4513:
4394:
3677:
3477:
3397:
2676:
2596:
2421:
2261:
2043:
1746:
1722:
573:
450:
430:
289:
253:
5145:
4993:
4594:
4578:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4370:
3833:
2888:
2628:
2571:
2277:
2228:
2103:
1943:
1935:
1881:
1843:
1658:
1490:
1255:
1159:
530:
409:
331:
327:
245:
227:
169:
153:
145:
64:
5429:
4573:
4402:
4299:
3841:
3701:
3437:
3413:
3373:
2333:
2200:
2051:
1044:
834:
555:
355:
165:
8:
5380:
4806:
4119:
4063:
4039:
3309:
2317:
2301:
2285:
2136:
2035:
1642:
1506:
712:
603:
595:
4878:
4814:
4109:
4023:
4015:
3945:
3533:
3001:
2604:
2405:
2309:
2293:
2176:
2168:
2075:
2059:
1825:
1594:
1036:
916:
871:
537:
412:
4774:
4508:
4435:
4312:
4162:
3921:
3857:
3405:
3199:
3119:
2868:
2237:
2216:
2112:
1989:
1890:
1770:
1530:
1351:
1103:
675:
189:
157:
3973:
5359:
5033:
4790:
4482:
4138:
4007:
3913:
3629:
3485:
3453:
2937:
2245:
2128:
1951:
1868:
1474:
1434:
1418:
988:
928:
765:
446:
426:
5260:
5161:
5049:
4902:
4782:
4378:
4092:
3669:
3469:
3025:
2253:
2184:
2160:
2120:
1973:
1698:
1450:
1426:
1295:
1081:
797:
728:
285:
67:
5025:
4274:
4202:
4055:
3991:
3685:
2668:
2152:
2144:
2091:
1898:
1738:
773:
295:
against the Burrow-Giles
Lithographic Company, which had marketed unauthorized
137:
5403:
5364:
4194:
3929:
3542:
Florida
Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank
3191:
2805:
College
Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board
2704:
2325:
2192:
2025:
1927:
659:
4071:
2860:
2781:
San
Francisco Arts & Athletics, Inc. v. United States Olympic Committee
1328:
Oregon Waste
Systems, Inc. v. Department of Environmental Quality of Oregon
272:
4684:
WIPO Copyright and Performances and Phonograms Treaties Implementation Act
4531:
Copyright status of works by subnational governments of the United States
1835:
790:
Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission
300:
261:
181:
4526:
Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States
1360:
United Haulers Ass'n v. Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority
2763:
1458:
369:
296:
83:
3382:
Walker Process Equipment, Inc. v. Food Machinery & Chemical Corp.
2978:
Quality King Distributors Inc., v. L'anza Research International Inc.
257:
1683:
Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining & Reclamation Association, Inc.
363:
3334:
Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp.
2084:
Consolidated Safety-Valve Co. v. Crosby Steam Gauge & Valve Co.
510:
3893:
695:
292:
323:
Regarding the interpretation of "writings" in the Constitution,
3819:
3550:
J. E. M. Ag Supply, Inc. v. Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.
465:
79:
30:
2845:
Lexmark International, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc.
2715:
Motion Picture Patents Co. v. Universal Film Manufacturing Co.
963:
3342:
Graver Tank & Manufacturing Co. v. Linde Air Products Co.
3694:
Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.
3662:
Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc.
383:
List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Waite Court
1499:
Houston East & West Texas Railway Co. v. United States
817:
625:
5269:
Elektra Records Co. v. Gem Electronic Distributors, Inc.
3350:
Aro Manufacturing Co. v. Convertible Top Replacement Co.
2946:
Feist Publications, Inc., v. Rural Telephone Service Co.
313:
U.S. Circuit Court for the Southern District of New York
4387:
Northeast Bancorp v. Federal Reserve Board of Governors
1779:
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
1128:
Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois
1061:
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
5058:
Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc.
4719:
Unlocking Consumer Choice and Wireless Competition Act
4679:
Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act
4465:
2813:
Cooper Industries, Inc. v. Leatherman Tool Group, Inc.
2014:
General Talking Pictures Corp. v. Western Electric Co.
378:
List of United States Supreme Court copyright case law
5082:
Itar-Tass Russian News Agency v. Russian Kurier, Inc.
5010:
Midway Manufacturing Co. v. Artic International, Inc.
4847:
Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.
4298:
3066:
Fourth Estate Public Benefit Corp. v. Wall-Street.com
2906:
Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc.
1982:
Hollister v. Benedict & Burnham Manufacturing Co.
1232:
Hunt v. Washington State Apple Advertising Commission
915:
870:
5415:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Waite Court
5090:
Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. v. Connectix Corp.
3646:
Stanford University v. Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.
3232:
Fortnightly Corp. v. United Artists Television, Inc.
2773:
Inwood Laboratories, Inc. v. Ives Laboratories, Inc.
2068:
City of Elizabeth v. American Nicholson Pavement Co.
1867:
1707:
Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority
1392:
Tennessee Wine and Spirits Retailers Assn. v. Thomas
642:
345:
54:
Burrow-Giles Lithographic Company v. Napoleon Sarony
3558:
Festo Corp. v. Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co.
3422:
Anderson's-Black Rock, Inc. v. Pavement Salvage Co.
1080:
5074:Dr. Seuss Enters., L.P. v. Penguin Books USA, Inc.
3278:Continental Paper Bag Co. v. Eastern Paper Bag Co.
3128:Order of St. Benedict of New Jersey v. Steinhauser
1810:
1288:South-Central Timber Development, Inc. v. Wunnicke
748:
3938:Immigration and Naturalization Service v. St. Cyr
3582:Illinois Tool Works Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.
3518:Warner-Jenkinson Co. v. Hilton Davis Chemical Co.
3318:Sinclair & Carroll Co. v. Interchemical Corp.
2821:TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc.
1823:
1603:United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Ass'n
5401:
5154:Bill Graham Archives v. Dorling Kindersley, Ltd.
4091:
3954:Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam
3796:Patent and Trademark Office v. Booking.com B. V.
3750:TC Heartland LLC v. Kraft Foods Group Brands LLC
2829:Dastar Corp. v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp.
2374:United Dictionary Co. v. G. & C. Merriam Co.
1376:Comptroller of the Treasury of Maryland v. Wynne
1280:White v. Mass. Council of Construction Employers
936:Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha
591:The Sarony Photographs of Oscar Wilde (complete)
5018:Apple Computer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corp.
4919:American Broadcasting Cos., Inc. v. Aereo, Inc.
4340:
4251:Energy Reserves Group v. Kansas P. & L. Co.
3718:Akamai Techs., Inc. v. Limelight Networks, Inc.
3494:Bonito Boats, Inc. v. Thunder Craft Boats, Inc.
3050:American Broadcasting Cos., Inc. v. Aereo, Inc.
1523:A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
318:
5277:Broderbund Software Inc. v. Unison World, Inc.
5114:Veeck v. Southern Building Code Congress Int'l
4831:White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.
4267:Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v. DeBenedictis
3726:Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. v. Sandoz, Inc.
3430:Zenith Radio Corp. v. Hazeltine Research, Inc.
3216:Miller Music Corp. v. Charles N. Daniels, Inc.
3136:International News Service v. Associated Press
2661:F. W. Woolworth Co. v. Contemporary Arts, Inc.
2653:Fred Fisher Music Co. v. M. Witmark & Sons
2520:White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.
2382:White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co.
4494:Compendium of U.S. Copyright Office Practices
4451:
3780:G. & C. Merriam Co. v. Syndicate Pub. Co.
3622:Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc.
3144:L. A. Westermann Co. v. Dispatch Printing Co.
2986:Feltner v. Columbia Pictures Television, Inc.
1651:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
611:
2744:Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC
2589:DeJonge and Co. v. Breuker & Kessler Co.
2459:Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC
5194:Penguin Group (USA) Inc. v. American Buddha
4839:Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States
4611:Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988
4211:Home Building & Loan Ass'n v. Blaisdell
3248:Teleprompter Corp. v. Columbia Broadcasting
3058:Star Athletica, LLC v. Varsity Brands, Inc.
2930:Community for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid
2898:Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co.
2693:Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States
1571:McGoldrick v. Berwind-White Coal Mining Co.
1336:C&A Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown
418:
5210:Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.
5066:American Geophysical Union v. Texaco, Inc.
4458:
4444:
3566:Merck KGaA v. Integra Lifesciences I, Ltd.
1515:Board of Trade of City of Chicago v. Olsen
1368:Department of Revenue of Kentucky v. Davis
618:
604:
315:, and then appealed to the Supreme Court.
5178:Cartoon Network, LP v. CSC Holdings, Inc.
3326:Funk Bros. Seed Co. v. Kalo Inoculant Co.
3224:Pub. Affairs Associates, Inc. v. Rickover
2504:McLoughlin v. Raphael Tuck & Sons Co.
2467:United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.
2451:Interstate Circuit, Inc. v. United States
2443:Straus v. American Publishers Association
2350:McLoughlin v. Raphael Tuck & Sons Co.
267:
4911:Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3638:Global-Tech Appliances, Inc. v. SEB S.A.
3358:Compco Corp. v. Day-Brite Lighting, Inc.
3112:American Lithographic Co. v. Werkmeister
3034:Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2342:Bleistein v. Donaldson Lithographing Co.
1555:NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.
1264:Kassel v. Consolidated Freightways Corp.
1005:Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
445:
425:
271:
4799:Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony
4668:Fairness in Music Licensing Act of 1998
4243:Allied Structural Steel Co. v. Spannaus
3654:Microsoft Corp. v. i4i Ltd. Partnership
2970:Lotus Dev. Corp. v. Borland Int'l, Inc.
2685:Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. Stiffel Co.
2645:Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corp.
2270:Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony
1400:National Pork Producers Council v. Ross
1320:Chemical Waste Management, Inc. v. Hunt
1144:George W. Bush & Sons Co. v. Malloy
1013:Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.
523:Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony
516:Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony
468:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"
402:Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony
238:Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony
24:Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony
5402:
5333:Equals Three, LLC v. Jukin Media, Inc.
5106:A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc.
5002:Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates
4986:Roth Greeting Cards v. United Card Co.
4895:Costco Wholesale Corp. v. Omega, S. A.
4702:Family Entertainment and Copyright Act
3606:KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc.
3502:Eli Lilly & Co. v. Medtronic, Inc.
3256:Twentieth Century Music Corp. v. Aiken
2922:Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises
1563:United States v. Carolene Products Co.
5301:RealNetworks, Inc. v. Streambox, Inc.
4439:
4411:Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez
4339:
4297:
4171:Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge
4090:
3972:
3892:
3818:
3742:Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co.
3710:Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International
3510:Markman v. Westview Instruments, Inc.
3294:United States v. General Electric Co.
3074:Rimini Street Inc. v. Oracle USA Inc.
3042:Petrella v. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc.
2877:Romag Fasteners, Inc. v. Fossil, Inc.
2797:Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Products Co.
1866:
1809:
1587:United States v. Wrightwood Dairy Co.
1483:Southern Railway Co. v. United States
1112:Willson v. Black-Bird Creek Marsh Co.
1079:
962:
914:
869:
816:
747:
697:Qualifications Clauses of Sections II
694:
641:
599:
466:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
248:53 (1884), was a case decided by the
18:1884 United States Supreme Court case
5317:Arista Records LLC v. Lime Group LLC
5293:Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp.
5170:Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.
4943:Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc.
4235:U.S. Trust Co. of N.Y. v. New Jersey
3176:George v. Victor Talking Machine Co.
3090:Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc.
2789:Two Pesos, Inc. v. Taco Cabana, Inc.
2723:Morton Salt Co. v. G.S. Suppiger Co.
2512:American Tobacco Co. v. Werckmeister
2366:Werckmeister v. American Tobacco Co.
2358:American Tobacco Co. v. Werckmeister
1731:Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida
1443:Cooper Manufacturing Co. v. Ferguson
1272:Sporhase v. Nebraska ex rel. Douglas
1224:Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady
5325:Capitol Records, LLC v. ReDigi Inc.
5226:Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc.
5098:Nunez v. Caribbean Int'l News Corp.
4959:Andy Warhol Foundation v. Goldsmith
4887:MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.
4569:International Copyright Act of 1891
3788:Kellogg Co. v. National Biscuit Co.
3734:Kimble v. Marvel Entertainment, LLC
3010:MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.
2837:Moseley v. V Secret Catalogue, Inc.
2544:Caliga v. Inter Ocean Newspaper Co.
2487:International Copyright Act of 1891
1248:Exxon Corp. v. Governor of Maryland
13:
5285:Playboy Enterprises, Inc. v. Frena
5130:In re Aimster Copyright Litigation
5042:Vault Corp. v. Quaid Software Ltd.
4951:Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.
4863:Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.
4633:Copyright Remedy Clarification Act
4467:Copyright law of the United States
3598:MedImmune, Inc. v. Genentech, Inc.
2962:Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.
2853:POM Wonderful LLC v. Coca-Cola Co.
1691:Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana
1675:National League of Cities v. Usery
1240:City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey
1192:Bibb v. Navajo Freight Lines, Inc.
782:U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton
721:U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton
668:Department of Commerce v. New York
250:Supreme Court of the United States
36:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
5446:
5410:United States Supreme Court cases
5186:Ahanchian v. Xenon Pictures, Inc.
4978:Berlin v. E.C. Publications, Inc.
3614:Microsoft Corp. v. AT&T Corp.
3574:eBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C.
3446:United States v. Glaxo Group Ltd.
3286:Minerals Separation, Ltd. v. Hyde
2637:Washingtonian Pub. Co. v. Pearson
2621:Buck v. Jewell-LaSalle Realty Co.
2475:Broadcast Music, Inc. v. CBS Inc.
1579:United States v. Darby Lumber Co.
1467:United States v. E. C. Knight Co.
1344:West Lynn Creamery, Inc. v. Healy
503:
299:of Sarony's photograph of writer
4935:Fourth Estate v. Wall-Street.com
4927:Star Athletica v. Varsity Brands
4673:Digital Millennium Copyright Act
4419:Texas v. New Mexico and Colorado
3526:Pfaff v. Wells Electronics, Inc.
3302:United States v. Univis Lens Co.
3152:Lumiere v. Mae Edna Wilder, Inc.
1216:Hughes v. Alexandria Scrap Corp.
1200:National Bellas Hess v. Illinois
1176:Dean Milk Co. v. City of Madison
1136:Swift & Co. v. United States
533:53 (1884) is available from:
509:
362:
348:
29:
5375:Home Recording Rights Coalition
4032:Garner v. Board of Public Works
3160:Educational Films Corp. v. Ward
3018:Reed Elsevier, Inc. v. Muchnick
2390:Dun v. Lumbermen's Credit Ass'n
1619:H.P. Hood & Sons v. Du Mond
1168:Southern Pacific Co. v. Arizona
5425:1884 in United States case law
4488:United States Copyright Office
2209:Mifflin v. R. H. White Company
1152:Baldwin v. G.A.F. Seelig, Inc.
1021:Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co.
490:
481:
395:
1:
5234:Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.
5202:Monge v. Maya Magazines, Inc.
5138:NXIVM Corp. v. Ross Institute
4639:Copyright Renewal Act of 1992
4219:W.B. Worthen Co. v. Kavanaugh
4147:Dartmouth College v. Woodward
2735:Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
2528:Globe Newspaper Co. v. Walker
2434:Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
2006:Bauer & Cie. v. O'Donnell
1907:Globe Newspaper Co. v. Walker
1384:South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc.
1304:Healy v. Beer Institute, Inc.
896:United States v. Munoz-Flores
388:
309:Southern District of New York
5341:Hachette v. Internet Archive
5309:Mannion v. Coors Brewing Co.
4662:Copyright Term Extension Act
4650:Uruguay Round Agreements Act
4321:Canton Railroad Co. v. Rogan
2994:New York Times Co. v. Tasini
1998:Schillinger v. United States
1635:Canton Railroad Co. v. Rogan
1184:Miller Bros. Co. v. Maryland
460:American Antiquarian Society
440:American Antiquarian Society
319:The Supreme Court's decision
276:The subject of the lawsuit:
7:
4823:Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus
3821:Necessary and Proper Clause
3590:LabCorp v. Metabolite, Inc.
2914:Mills Music, Inc. v. Snyder
2398:Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus
1539:Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan
1312:Quill Corp. v. North Dakota
944:Clinton v. City of New York
341:
100:Judgment for plaintiff, 17
43:Submitted December 13, 1883
10:
5451:
5122:Kelly v. Arriba Soft Corp.
4227:City of El Paso v. Simmons
3874:United States v. Kebodeaux
3366:Wilbur-Ellis Co. v. Kuther
1627:Henderson v. United States
1208:Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc.
1120:Cooley v. Board of Wardens
965:Taxing and Spending Clause
305:United States Constitution
5420:Copyright Clause case law
5355:
5252:
5218:Seltzer v. Green Day, Inc
4969:
4764:
4755:
4734:
4711:
4694:
4627:Visual Artists Rights Act
4619:
4603:
4587:
4546:
4539:
4473:
4363:Virginia v. West Virginia
4349:
4335:
4307:
4293:
4130:
4107:
4103:
4086:
3986:
3975:No Bills of Attainder or
3968:
3908:
3888:
3866:United States v. Comstock
3828:
3814:
3768:
3266:
3208:Commissioner v. Wodehouse
3100:
2887:
2762:
2733:
2703:
2613:Fox Film Corp. v. Knowles
2570:
2560:Kalem Co. v. Harper Bros.
2485:
2432:
2227:
2102:
2024:
1962:
1917:
1880:
1876:
1862:
1819:
1805:
1763:United States v. Morrison
1715:New York v. United States
1611:North American Co. v. SEC
1547:Carter v. Carter Coal Co.
1410:
1093:
1089:
1075:
997:Springer v. United States
975:
958:
924:
910:
882:
865:
829:
812:
760:
743:
707:
690:
654:
637:
280:by Napoleon Sarony (1882)
252:that upheld the power of
218:
213:
202:
197:
131:
126:
120:
115:
96:
91:
59:
49:
42:
28:
23:
5435:19th-century photography
5388:You Wouldn't Steal a Car
4644:Audio Home Recording Act
4155:Sturges v. Crowninshield
4048:Barr v. City of Columbia
4000:Sturges v. Crowninshield
3758:Peter v. NantKwest, Inc.
3390:Graham v. John Deere Co.
3184:KVOS v. Associated Press
2954:Fogerty v. Fantasy, Inc.
2752:Dowling v. United States
2536:Bong v. Campbell Art Co.
2496:Press Pub. Co. v. Monroe
2414:Bong v. Campbell Art Co.
888:Flint v. Stone Tracy Co.
843:United States v. Johnson
4725:Music Modernization Act
4656:No Electronic Theft Act
4519:Section 108 Study Group
4259:Exxon Corp. v. Eagerton
3462:Sakraida v. Ag Pro Inc.
3240:Goldstein v. California
3168:Fox Film Corp. v. Doyal
2581:Hills and Co. v. Hoover
2552:Hills and Co. v. Hoover
1787:Taylor v. United States
1095:Dormant Commerce Clause
1029:United States v. Butler
981:Hylton v. United States
851:Gravel v. United States
819:Speech or Debate Clause
5370:Don't Copy That Floppy
5125:(9th Cir. 2002 / 2003)
4871:Quality King v. L'anza
4514:Register of Copyrights
4395:New Jersey v. New York
3850:Sabri v. United States
3678:Bowman v. Monsanto Co.
3478:Diamond v. Chakrabarty
3398:United States v. Adams
2677:De Sylva v. Ballentine
2597:Herbert v. Shanley Co.
2422:Henry v. A.B. Dick Co.
2262:Schreiber v. Sharpless
2044:Hotchkiss v. Greenwood
1755:Jones v. United States
1747:United States v. Locke
1723:United States v. Lopez
1053:Sabri v. United States
290:copyright infringement
281:
268:Background of the case
45:Decided March 17, 1884
5146:BMG Music v. Gonzalez
4994:Eltra Corp. v. Ringer
4595:Copyright Act of 1976
4579:Copyright Act of 1909
4564:Copyright Act of 1870
4559:Copyright Act of 1831
4554:Copyright Act of 1790
4371:Virginia v. Tennessee
3834:McCulloch v. Maryland
2889:Copyright Act of 1976
2629:Douglas v. Cunningham
2572:Copyright Act of 1909
2278:Thornton v. Schreiber
2229:Copyright Act of 1870
2104:Copyright Act of 1831
1882:Copyright Act of 1790
1844:Juilliard v. Greenman
1659:Katzenbach v. McClung
1491:Hoke v. United States
1256:Reeves, Inc. v. Stake
1160:Edwards v. California
332:Copyright Act of 1790
275:
228:Copyright Act of 1870
4574:Printing Act of 1895
4403:Virginia v. Maryland
4300:Import-Export Clause
4187:Stone v. Mississippi
3842:Lambert v. Yellowley
3702:FTC v. Actavis, Inc.
3438:Gottschalk v. Benson
3414:Lear, Inc. v. Adkins
3374:Brulotte v. Thys Co.
2334:Bolles v. Outing Co.
2201:Bolles v. Outing Co.
1045:South Dakota v. Dole
835:Kilbourn v. Thompson
356:United States portal
5381:Nimmer on Copyright
5264:(C.C.D. Mass. 1841)
4807:Banks v. Manchester
4120:Hepburn v. Griswold
4064:Kansas v. Hendricks
4040:De Veau v. Braisted
3310:Altvater v. Freeman
2318:Belford v. Scribner
2302:Thompson v. Hubbard
2286:Banks v. Manchester
2137:Stevens v. Gladding
2036:Pennock v. Dialogue
1964:Patent infringement
1643:Boynton v. Virginia
1507:Hammer v. Dagenhart
713:Powell v. McCormack
583:Library of Congress
487:111 U.S. at 55, 60.
4879:Eldred v. Ashcroft
4815:Callaghan v. Myers
4355:Florida v. Georgia
4110:Legal Tender Cases
4024:Samuels v. McCurdy
4016:Hawker v. New York
3946:Boumediene v. Bush
3534:Dickinson v. Zurko
3002:Eldred v. Ashcroft
2605:Manners v. Morosco
2406:Scribner v. Straus
2310:Higgins v. Keuffel
2294:Callaghan v. Myers
2177:Higgins v. Keuffel
2169:Callaghan v. Myers
2076:Egbert v. Lippmann
2060:Cochrane v. Deener
1919:Patent Act of 1793
1826:Legal Tender Cases
1595:Wickard v. Filburn
1037:Helvering v. Davis
917:Presentment Clause
872:Origination Clause
644:Enumeration Clause
627:U.S. Supreme Court
282:
278:Oscar Wilde No. 18
220:U.S. Const. art. I
206:Miller, joined by
142:Associate Justices
5397:
5396:
5351:
5350:
5304:(W.D. Wash. 2000)
4775:Wheaton v. Peters
4751:
4750:
4509:Copyright Catalog
4433:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4331:
4330:
4313:Brown v. Maryland
4289:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4179:Bronson v. Kinzie
4163:Ogden v. Saunders
4082:
4081:
3964:
3963:
3922:Ex parte Merryman
3898:Suspension Clause
3884:
3883:
3858:Gonzales v. Raich
3810:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3406:Brenner v. Manson
3200:Buck v. Gallagher
3120:Ferris v. Frohman
2869:Iancu v. Brunetti
2238:Perris v. Hexamer
2217:Mifflin v. Dutton
2113:Wheaton v. Peters
2052:O'Reilly v. Morse
1990:Rowell v. Lindsay
1891:Wheaton v. Peters
1858:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1771:Gonzales v. Raich
1667:Maryland v. Wirtz
1531:Gold Clause Cases
1352:Granholm v. Heald
1104:Brown v. Maryland
1071:
1070:
954:
953:
906:
905:
861:
860:
808:
807:
739:
738:
686:
685:
676:Trump v. New York
514:Works related to
234:
233:
190:Samuel Blatchford
158:Joseph P. Bradley
108:1883); affirmed,
78:4 S. Ct. 279; 28
5442:
5360:Berne Convention
5336:(C.D. Cal. 2015)
5288:(M.D. Fla. 1993)
5280:(N.D. Cal. 1986)
5242:Naruto v. Slater
5034:Whelan v. Jaslow
4791:Trade-Mark Cases
4762:
4761:
4544:
4543:
4483:Copyright Clause
4460:
4453:
4446:
4437:
4436:
4337:
4336:
4295:
4294:
4139:Fletcher v. Peck
4105:
4104:
4088:
4087:
4008:Ex parte Garland
3970:
3969:
3914:Ex parte Bollman
3890:
3889:
3816:
3815:
3630:Bilski v. Kappos
3486:Diamond v. Diehr
3454:Dann v. Johnston
2938:Stewart v. Abend
2246:Trade-Mark Cases
2129:Stephens v. Cady
1952:Evans v. Hettich
1878:
1877:
1869:Copyright Clause
1864:
1863:
1821:
1820:
1807:
1806:
1475:Champion v. Ames
1435:Paul v. Virginia
1419:Gibbons v. Ogden
1091:
1090:
1077:
1076:
989:Collector v. Day
960:
959:
929:Pocket Veto Case
912:
911:
867:
866:
814:
813:
766:Ex parte Siebold
750:Elections Clause
745:
744:
692:
691:
639:
638:
620:
613:
606:
597:
596:
587:
581:
578:
572:
569:
563:
560:
554:
551:
545:
542:
536:
513:
497:
494:
488:
485:
479:
478:
476:
474:
463:
457:
443:
437:
422:
416:
399:
372:
367:
366:
358:
353:
352:
351:
178:Stanley Matthews
170:William B. Woods
154:Stephen J. Field
146:Samuel F. Miller
127:Court membership
33:
32:
21:
20:
5450:
5449:
5445:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5400:
5399:
5398:
5393:
5347:
5344:(S.D.N.Y. 2023)
5328:(S.D.N.Y. 2013)
5320:(S.D.N.Y. 2010)
5312:(S.D.N.Y. 2005)
5296:(S.D.N.Y. 1999)
5272:(E.D.N.Y. 1973)
5261:Folsom v. Marsh
5248:
5245:(9th Cir. 2018)
5237:(9th Cir. 2015)
5221:(9th Cir. 2013)
5205:(9th Cir. 2012)
5189:(9th Cir. 2010)
5181:(2nd Cir. 2008)
5173:(9th Cir. 2006)
5165:(2nd Cir. 2006)
5162:Blanch v. Koons
5157:(2nd Cir. 2006)
5149:(7th Cir. 2005)
5133:(7th Cir. 2003)
5117:(5th Cir. 2002)
5109:(9th Cir. 2001)
5101:(1st Cir. 2000)
5093:(9th Cir. 2000)
5077:(9th Cir. 1997)
5069:(2nd Cir. 1995)
5053:(2nd Cir. 1992)
5050:Rogers v. Koons
5045:(5th Cir. 1988)
5029:(9th Cir. 1986)
5013:(7th Cir. 1983)
5005:(9th Cir. 1978)
4997:(4th Cir. 1978)
4989:(9th Cir. 1970)
4965:
4903:Golan v. Holder
4783:Baker v. Selden
4757:
4747:
4730:
4707:
4690:
4615:
4599:
4583:
4535:
4469:
4464:
4434:
4425:
4379:Wharton v. Wise
4345:
4327:
4303:
4281:
4126:
4099:
4093:Contract Clause
4078:
3982:
3960:
3904:
3880:
3824:
3823:of Section VIII
3802:
3771:trademark cases
3764:
3670:Kappos v. Hyatt
3470:Parker v. Flook
3262:
3103:copyright cases
3096:
3082:Allen v. Cooper
3026:Golan v. Holder
2883:
2758:
2729:
2699:
2566:
2481:
2428:
2254:Merrell v. Tice
2223:
2185:Holmes v. Hurst
2161:Baker v. Selden
2121:Backus v. Gould
2098:
2020:
1974:Evans v. Jordan
1958:
1913:
1872:
1871:of Section VIII
1850:
1815:
1814:of Section VIII
1793:
1699:EEOC v. Wyoming
1451:Kidd v. Pearson
1427:Passenger Cases
1406:
1296:Maine v. Taylor
1085:
1084:of Section VIII
1082:Commerce Clause
1067:
971:
950:
920:
902:
878:
857:
825:
804:
798:Moore v. Harper
756:
735:
729:Cook v. Gralike
703:
682:
650:
633:
624:
585:
579:
576:
570:
567:
561:
558:
552:
549:
543:
540:
534:
506:
501:
500:
496:111 U.S. at 60.
495:
491:
486:
482:
472:
470:
455:
447:McCusker, J. J.
435:
427:McCusker, J. J.
423:
419:
400:
396:
391:
368:
361:
354:
349:
347:
344:
321:
286:Napoleon Sarony
270:
226:§§ 4952, 4965 (
224:U.S. Rev. Stat.
180:
168:
156:
87:
44:
38:
19:
12:
11:
5:
5448:
5438:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5391:
5384:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5345:
5337:
5329:
5321:
5313:
5305:
5297:
5289:
5281:
5273:
5265:
5256:
5254:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5238:
5230:
5229:(2d Cir. 2015)
5222:
5214:
5213:(2d Cir. 2012)
5206:
5198:
5197:(2d Cir. 2011)
5190:
5182:
5174:
5166:
5158:
5150:
5142:
5141:(2d Cir. 2004)
5134:
5126:
5118:
5110:
5102:
5094:
5086:
5085:(2d Cir. 1998)
5078:
5070:
5062:
5061:(2d Cir. 1992)
5054:
5046:
5038:
5037:(3d Cir. 1986)
5030:
5026:Fisher v. Dees
5022:
5021:(3d Cir. 1983)
5014:
5006:
4998:
4990:
4982:
4981:(2d Cir. 1964)
4973:
4971:
4970:Appeals courts
4967:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4955:
4947:
4939:
4931:
4923:
4915:
4907:
4899:
4891:
4883:
4875:
4867:
4859:
4855:Feist v. Rural
4851:
4843:
4835:
4827:
4819:
4811:
4803:
4795:
4787:
4779:
4770:
4768:
4759:
4753:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4738:
4736:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4722:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4698:
4696:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4681:
4670:
4665:
4659:
4653:
4647:
4641:
4636:
4630:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4607:
4605:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4591:
4589:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4550:
4548:
4541:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4497:
4485:
4480:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4463:
4462:
4455:
4448:
4440:
4431:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4415:
4407:
4399:
4391:
4383:
4375:
4367:
4359:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4342:Compact Clause
4333:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4317:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4291:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4275:Sveen v. Melin
4271:
4263:
4255:
4247:
4239:
4231:
4223:
4215:
4207:
4203:Block v. Hirsh
4199:
4191:
4183:
4175:
4167:
4159:
4151:
4143:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4115:
4113:
4101:
4100:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4068:
4060:
4056:Teague v. Lane
4052:
4044:
4036:
4028:
4020:
4012:
4004:
3996:
3992:Calder v. Bull
3987:
3984:
3983:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3950:
3942:
3934:
3926:
3918:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3870:
3862:
3854:
3846:
3838:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3792:
3784:
3775:
3773:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3754:
3746:
3738:
3730:
3722:
3714:
3706:
3698:
3690:
3686:Gunn v. Minton
3682:
3674:
3666:
3658:
3650:
3642:
3634:
3626:
3618:
3610:
3602:
3594:
3586:
3578:
3570:
3562:
3554:
3546:
3538:
3530:
3522:
3514:
3506:
3498:
3490:
3482:
3474:
3466:
3458:
3450:
3442:
3434:
3426:
3418:
3410:
3402:
3394:
3386:
3378:
3370:
3362:
3354:
3346:
3338:
3330:
3322:
3314:
3306:
3298:
3290:
3282:
3273:
3271:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3252:
3244:
3236:
3228:
3220:
3212:
3204:
3196:
3188:
3180:
3172:
3164:
3156:
3148:
3140:
3132:
3124:
3116:
3107:
3105:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3086:
3078:
3070:
3062:
3054:
3046:
3038:
3030:
3022:
3014:
3006:
2998:
2990:
2982:
2974:
2966:
2958:
2950:
2942:
2934:
2926:
2918:
2910:
2902:
2893:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2873:
2865:
2857:
2849:
2841:
2833:
2825:
2817:
2809:
2801:
2793:
2785:
2777:
2768:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2748:
2739:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2719:
2710:
2708:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2689:
2681:
2673:
2669:Mazer v. Stein
2665:
2657:
2649:
2641:
2633:
2625:
2617:
2609:
2601:
2593:
2585:
2576:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2556:
2548:
2540:
2532:
2524:
2516:
2508:
2500:
2491:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2471:
2463:
2455:
2447:
2438:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2418:
2410:
2402:
2394:
2386:
2378:
2370:
2362:
2354:
2346:
2338:
2330:
2322:
2314:
2306:
2298:
2290:
2282:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2233:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2213:
2205:
2197:
2189:
2181:
2173:
2165:
2157:
2153:Paige v. Banks
2149:
2145:Little v. Hall
2141:
2133:
2125:
2117:
2108:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2092:Voss v. Fisher
2088:
2080:
2072:
2064:
2056:
2048:
2040:
2031:
2029:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2010:
2002:
1994:
1986:
1978:
1969:
1967:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1948:
1944:Evans v. Eaton
1940:
1936:Evans v. Eaton
1932:
1923:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1903:
1899:Paige v. Banks
1895:
1886:
1884:
1874:
1873:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1840:
1831:
1829:
1817:
1816:
1812:Coinage Clause
1803:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1783:
1775:
1767:
1759:
1751:
1743:
1739:Reno v. Condon
1735:
1727:
1719:
1711:
1703:
1695:
1687:
1679:
1671:
1663:
1655:
1647:
1639:
1631:
1623:
1615:
1607:
1599:
1591:
1583:
1575:
1567:
1559:
1551:
1543:
1535:
1527:
1519:
1511:
1503:
1495:
1487:
1479:
1471:
1463:
1455:
1447:
1439:
1431:
1423:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1396:
1388:
1380:
1372:
1364:
1356:
1348:
1340:
1332:
1324:
1316:
1308:
1300:
1292:
1284:
1276:
1268:
1260:
1252:
1244:
1236:
1228:
1220:
1212:
1204:
1196:
1188:
1180:
1172:
1164:
1156:
1148:
1140:
1132:
1124:
1116:
1108:
1099:
1097:
1087:
1086:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1057:
1049:
1041:
1033:
1025:
1017:
1009:
1001:
993:
985:
976:
973:
972:
956:
955:
952:
951:
949:
948:
940:
932:
925:
922:
921:
919:of Section VII
908:
907:
904:
903:
901:
900:
892:
883:
880:
879:
863:
862:
859:
858:
856:
855:
847:
839:
830:
827:
826:
810:
809:
806:
805:
803:
802:
794:
786:
778:
774:Smiley v. Holm
770:
761:
758:
757:
741:
740:
737:
736:
734:
733:
725:
717:
708:
705:
704:
688:
687:
684:
683:
681:
680:
672:
664:
655:
652:
651:
635:
634:
623:
622:
615:
608:
600:
594:
593:
588:
565:Google Scholar
519:
505:
504:External links
502:
499:
498:
489:
480:
464:1800–present:
417:
393:
392:
390:
387:
386:
385:
380:
374:
373:
359:
343:
340:
320:
317:
269:
266:
260:protection to
232:
231:
216:
215:
211:
210:
204:
200:
199:
195:
194:
193:
192:
166:John M. Harlan
143:
140:
138:Morrison Waite
135:
129:
128:
124:
123:
118:
117:
113:
112:
98:
94:
93:
89:
88:
77:
61:
57:
56:
51:
50:Full case name
47:
46:
40:
39:
34:
26:
25:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5447:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5389:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5365:Uruguay Round
5363:
5361:
5358:
5357:
5354:
5343:
5342:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5266:
5263:
5262:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5251:
5244:
5243:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5207:
5204:
5203:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5167:
5164:
5163:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5087:
5084:
5083:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5007:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4961:
4960:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4940:
4937:
4936:
4932:
4929:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4860:
4857:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4766:Supreme Court
4763:
4760:
4754:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4726:
4723:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4710:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4693:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4663:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4651:
4648:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4634:
4631:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4538:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502: →
4501:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4468:
4461:
4456:
4454:
4449:
4447:
4442:
4441:
4438:
4421:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4351:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4334:
4323:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4309:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4292:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4195:Smyth v. Ames
4192:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4122:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4089:
4085:
4074:
4073:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3988:
3985:
3981:of Section IX
3980:
3978:
3977:Ex post facto
3971:
3967:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3930:Ex parte Endo
3927:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3897:
3896:Habeas corpus
3891:
3887:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3813:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3767:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3265:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3192:Gibbs v. Buck
3189:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3099:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:Patent misuse
2702:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2326:Brady v. Daly
2323:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2193:Brady v. Daly
2190:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2073:
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2026:Patentability
2023:
2016:
2015:
2011:
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1991:
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1965:
1961:
1954:
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1938:
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1933:
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1928:Tyler v. Tuel
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661:
660:Utah v. Evans
657:
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649:
645:
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636:
631:
628:
621:
616:
614:
609:
607:
602:
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584:
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566:
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548:
547:CourtListener
539:
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524:
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518:at Wikisource
517:
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284:Photographer
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134:Chief Justice
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16:
5379:
5339:
5331:
5323:
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5291:
5283:
5275:
5267:
5259:
5253:Lower courts
5240:
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5224:
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5016:
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4992:
4984:
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4957:
4949:
4941:
4933:
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4917:
4909:
4901:
4893:
4885:
4877:
4869:
4861:
4853:
4845:
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4829:
4821:
4813:
4805:
4798:
4797:
4789:
4781:
4773:
4492:
4417:
4409:
4401:
4393:
4385:
4377:
4369:
4361:
4353:
4344:of Section X
4319:
4311:
4302:of Section X
4273:
4265:
4257:
4249:
4241:
4233:
4225:
4217:
4209:
4201:
4193:
4185:
4177:
4169:
4161:
4153:
4145:
4137:
4118:
4108:
4072:Smith v. Doe
4070:
4062:
4054:
4046:
4038:
4030:
4022:
4014:
4006:
3998:
3990:
3976:
3952:
3944:
3936:
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3920:
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3620:
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3604:
3596:
3588:
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3564:
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3508:
3500:
3492:
3484:
3476:
3468:
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3444:
3436:
3428:
3420:
3412:
3404:
3396:
3388:
3380:
3372:
3364:
3356:
3348:
3340:
3332:
3324:
3316:
3308:
3300:
3292:
3284:
3276:
3269:patent cases
3254:
3246:
3238:
3230:
3222:
3214:
3206:
3198:
3190:
3182:
3174:
3166:
3158:
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3134:
3126:
3118:
3110:
3088:
3080:
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3064:
3056:
3048:
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3032:
3024:
3016:
3008:
3000:
2992:
2984:
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2968:
2960:
2952:
2944:
2936:
2928:
2920:
2912:
2904:
2896:
2875:
2867:
2861:Matal v. Tam
2859:
2851:
2843:
2835:
2827:
2819:
2811:
2803:
2795:
2787:
2779:
2771:
2750:
2742:
2721:
2713:
2691:
2683:
2675:
2667:
2659:
2651:
2643:
2635:
2627:
2619:
2611:
2603:
2595:
2587:
2579:
2558:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2526:
2518:
2510:
2502:
2494:
2473:
2465:
2457:
2449:
2441:
2420:
2412:
2404:
2396:
2388:
2380:
2372:
2364:
2356:
2348:
2340:
2332:
2324:
2316:
2308:
2300:
2292:
2284:
2276:
2269:
2268:
2260:
2252:
2244:
2236:
2215:
2207:
2199:
2191:
2183:
2175:
2167:
2159:
2151:
2143:
2135:
2127:
2119:
2111:
2090:
2082:
2074:
2066:
2058:
2050:
2042:
2034:
2012:
2004:
1996:
1988:
1980:
1972:
1950:
1942:
1934:
1926:
1905:
1897:
1889:
1842:
1834:
1824:
1785:
1777:
1769:
1761:
1753:
1745:
1737:
1729:
1721:
1713:
1705:
1697:
1689:
1681:
1673:
1665:
1657:
1649:
1641:
1633:
1625:
1617:
1609:
1601:
1593:
1585:
1577:
1569:
1561:
1553:
1545:
1537:
1529:
1521:
1513:
1505:
1497:
1489:
1481:
1473:
1465:
1457:
1449:
1441:
1433:
1425:
1417:
1398:
1390:
1382:
1374:
1366:
1358:
1350:
1342:
1334:
1326:
1318:
1310:
1302:
1294:
1286:
1278:
1270:
1262:
1254:
1246:
1238:
1230:
1222:
1214:
1206:
1198:
1190:
1182:
1174:
1166:
1158:
1150:
1142:
1134:
1126:
1118:
1110:
1102:
1059:
1051:
1043:
1035:
1027:
1019:
1011:
1003:
995:
987:
979:
969:Section VIII
942:
934:
894:
886:
849:
841:
833:
796:
788:
780:
772:
764:
727:
719:
711:
674:
666:
658:
522:
492:
483:
473:February 29,
471:. Retrieved
451:
431:
420:
415: (1884).
401:
397:
336:
322:
283:
277:
237:
236:
235:
214:Laws applied
207:
198:Case opinion
185:
173:
161:
149:
110:C.C.S.D.N.Y.
92:Case history
71:
53:
15:
5430:Oscar Wilde
4758:and rulings
3979:Laws Clause
1836:Knox v. Lee
876:Section VII
444:1700–1799:
424:1634–1699:
301:Oscar Wilde
297:lithographs
262:photography
182:Horace Gray
5404:Categories
4756:Precedents
3902:Section IX
2764:Lanham Act
1459:In re Debs
823:Section VI
754:Section IV
648:Section II
389:References
370:Law portal
256:to extend
84:U.S. LEXIS
82:349; 1884
4478:17 U.S.C.
4097:Section X
630:Article I
258:copyright
208:unanimous
122:affirmed.
60:Citations
4742:CASE Act
4547:Pre-1976
4540:Statutes
2707:case law
2028:case law
1966:case law
632:case law
521:Text of
449:(1992).
429:(1997).
342:See also
288:filed a
254:Congress
203:Majority
106:S.D.N.Y.
4675:(1998)
556:Findlaw
538:Cornell
325:Justice
116:Holding
4962:(2023)
4954:(2021)
4946:(2020)
4938:(2019)
4930:(2017)
4922:(2014)
4914:(2013)
4906:(2012)
4898:(2010)
4890:(2005)
4882:(2003)
4874:(1998)
4866:(1994)
4858:(1991)
4850:(1984)
4842:(1975)
4834:(1908)
4826:(1908)
4818:(1888)
4810:(1888)
4802:(1884)
4794:(1879)
4786:(1879)
4778:(1834)
4744:(2020)
4727:(2018)
4721:(2014)
4704:(2005)
4664:(1998)
4658:(1994)
4652:(1994)
4646:(1992)
4635:(1990)
4629:(1990)
4422:(2018)
4414:(2009)
4406:(2003)
4398:(1998)
4390:(1985)
4382:(1894)
4374:(1893)
4366:(1871)
4358:(1855)
4324:(1951)
4316:(1827)
4278:(2018)
4270:(1987)
4262:(1983)
4254:(1983)
4246:(1978)
4238:(1977)
4230:(1965)
4222:(1935)
4214:(1934)
4206:(1921)
4198:(1898)
4190:(1880)
4182:(1843)
4174:(1837)
4166:(1827)
4158:(1819)
4150:(1819)
4142:(1810)
4131:Others
4123:(1870)
4075:(2003)
4067:(1997)
4059:(1989)
4051:(1964)
4043:(1960)
4035:(1951)
4027:(1925)
4019:(1898)
4011:(1866)
4003:(1819)
3995:(1798)
3957:(2020)
3949:(2008)
3941:(2001)
3933:(1944)
3925:(1861)
3917:(1807)
3877:(2013)
3869:(2010)
3861:(2005)
3853:(2004)
3845:(1926)
3837:(1819)
3799:(2020)
3791:(1938)
3783:(1915)
3769:Other
3761:(2019)
3753:(2017)
3745:(2016)
3737:(2015)
3729:(2015)
3721:(2014)
3713:(2014)
3705:(2013)
3697:(2013)
3689:(2013)
3681:(2013)
3673:(2012)
3665:(2012)
3657:(2011)
3649:(2011)
3641:(2011)
3633:(2010)
3625:(2008)
3617:(2007)
3609:(2007)
3601:(2007)
3593:(2006)
3585:(2006)
3577:(2006)
3569:(2005)
3561:(2002)
3553:(2001)
3545:(1999)
3537:(1999)
3529:(1998)
3521:(1997)
3513:(1996)
3505:(1990)
3497:(1989)
3489:(1981)
3481:(1980)
3473:(1978)
3465:(1976)
3457:(1976)
3449:(1973)
3441:(1972)
3433:(1971)
3425:(1969)
3417:(1969)
3409:(1966)
3401:(1966)
3393:(1966)
3385:(1965)
3377:(1964)
3369:(1964)
3361:(1964)
3353:(1961)
3345:(1950)
3337:(1950)
3329:(1948)
3321:(1945)
3313:(1943)
3305:(1942)
3297:(1926)
3289:(1916)
3281:(1908)
3267:Other
3259:(1975)
3251:(1974)
3243:(1973)
3235:(1968)
3227:(1962)
3219:(1960)
3211:(1949)
3203:(1939)
3195:(1939)
3187:(1936)
3179:(1934)
3171:(1932)
3163:(1931)
3155:(1923)
3147:(1919)
3139:(1918)
3131:(1914)
3123:(1912)
3115:(1911)
3101:Other
3093:(2020)
3085:(2020)
3077:(2019)
3069:(2019)
3061:(2017)
3053:(2014)
3045:(2014)
3037:(2013)
3029:(2012)
3021:(2010)
3013:(2005)
3005:(2003)
2997:(2001)
2989:(1998)
2981:(1998)
2973:(1996)
2965:(1994)
2957:(1994)
2949:(1991)
2941:(1990)
2933:(1989)
2925:(1985)
2917:(1985)
2909:(1984)
2901:(1977)
2880:(2020)
2872:(2019)
2864:(2017)
2856:(2014)
2848:(2014)
2840:(2003)
2832:(2003)
2824:(2001)
2816:(2001)
2808:(1999)
2800:(1995)
2792:(1992)
2784:(1987)
2776:(1982)
2755:(1985)
2747:(1941)
2726:(1942)
2718:(1917)
2696:(1973)
2688:(1964)
2680:(1956)
2672:(1954)
2664:(1952)
2656:(1943)
2648:(1940)
2640:(1939)
2632:(1935)
2624:(1931)
2616:(1923)
2608:(1920)
2600:(1917)
2592:(1914)
2584:(1911)
2563:(1911)
2555:(1911)
2547:(1909)
2539:(1909)
2531:(1908)
2523:(1908)
2515:(1907)
2507:(1903)
2499:(1896)
2478:(1979)
2470:(1948)
2462:(1941)
2454:(1939)
2446:(1913)
2425:(1912)
2417:(1909)
2409:(1908)
2401:(1908)
2393:(1908)
2385:(1908)
2377:(1907)
2369:(1907)
2361:(1907)
2353:(1903)
2345:(1903)
2337:(1899)
2329:(1899)
2321:(1892)
2313:(1891)
2305:(1889)
2297:(1888)
2289:(1888)
2281:(1888)
2273:(1884)
2265:(1884)
2257:(1881)
2249:(1879)
2241:(1879)
2220:(1903)
2212:(1903)
2204:(1899)
2196:(1899)
2188:(1899)
2180:(1891)
2172:(1888)
2164:(1879)
2156:(1872)
2148:(1856)
2140:(1854)
2132:(1853)
2124:(1849)
2116:(1834)
2095:(1885)
2087:(1885)
2079:(1881)
2071:(1878)
2063:(1876)
2055:(1853)
2047:(1851)
2039:(1829)
2017:(1938)
2009:(1913)
2001:(1894)
1993:(1885)
1985:(1885)
1977:(1815)
1955:(1822)
1947:(1822)
1939:(1818)
1931:(1810)
1910:(1908)
1902:(1872)
1894:(1834)
1847:(1884)
1839:(1871)
1790:(2016)
1782:(2012)
1774:(2005)
1766:(2000)
1758:(2000)
1750:(2000)
1742:(2000)
1734:(1996)
1726:(1995)
1718:(1992)
1710:(1985)
1702:(1983)
1694:(1981)
1686:(1981)
1678:(1976)
1670:(1968)
1662:(1964)
1654:(1964)
1646:(1960)
1638:(1951)
1630:(1950)
1622:(1949)
1614:(1946)
1606:(1944)
1598:(1942)
1590:(1942)
1582:(1941)
1574:(1940)
1566:(1938)
1558:(1937)
1550:(1936)
1542:(1935)
1534:(1935)
1526:(1935)
1518:(1923)
1510:(1918)
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1470:(1895)
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1438:(1869)
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1411:Others
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1395:(2019)
1387:(2018)
1379:(2015)
1371:(2008)
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1355:(2005)
1347:(1994)
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1251:(1978)
1243:(1978)
1235:(1977)
1227:(1977)
1219:(1976)
1211:(1970)
1203:(1967)
1195:(1959)
1187:(1954)
1179:(1951)
1171:(1945)
1163:(1941)
1155:(1935)
1147:(1925)
1139:(1905)
1131:(1886)
1123:(1852)
1115:(1829)
1107:(1827)
1064:(2012)
1056:(2004)
1048:(1987)
1040:(1937)
1032:(1936)
1024:(1922)
1016:(1916)
1008:(1895)
1000:(1881)
992:(1871)
984:(1796)
947:(1998)
939:(1983)
931:(1929)
899:(1990)
891:(1911)
854:(1972)
846:(1966)
838:(1881)
801:(2023)
793:(2015)
785:(1995)
777:(1932)
769:(1879)
732:(2001)
724:(1995)
716:(1969)
679:(2020)
671:(2019)
663:(2002)
586:
580:
577:
574:Justia
571:
568:
562:
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550:
544:
541:
535:
404:,
328:Miller
188:
186:·
184:
176:
174:·
172:
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162:·
160:
152:
150:·
148:
80:L. Ed.
4735:2020s
4712:2010s
4695:2000s
4620:1990s
4604:1980s
4588:1970s
529:
456:(PDF)
436:(PDF)
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104:591 (
97:Prior
4500:CARP
699:and
531:U.S.
475:2024
410:U.S.
293:suit
246:U.S.
86:1757
73:more
65:U.S.
63:111
4504:CRB
4095:of
3900:of
967:of
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701:III
646:of
527:111
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