Capture of Contalmaison

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forced the 15th Royal Scots back to Birch Tree Wood and Shelter Wood, driving back the 16th Royal Scots and parties from the second column to Round Wood. The Scots advanced to Wood Alley and Scots Redoubt, collecting stray parties and captured both positions. Some troops had advanced beyond the first objective and faced the Contalmaison Spur 1,000 yd (910 m) beyond and German accounts mention a party of the 16th Royal Scots, which got into Contalmaison before being annihilated. A battalion which had followed behind the Royal Scots was pinned down in no man's land by massed machine-gun fire but small groups managed to press on to the Fricourt–Pozières road and some parties, accompanied by a few stragglers, got to Acid Drop Copse and the fringe of Contalmaison. As news filtered back, Gore sent the 16th Royal Scots headquarters forward to take command and consolidate, creating a defensive flank for XV Corps.

1462:(barrage sectors); each officer was expected to know the batteries covering his section of the front line and the batteries to be ready to engage fleeting targets. A telephone system was built with lines buried 6 ft (1.8 m) deep for 5 mi (8.0 km) behind the front line, to connect the front line to the artillery. The concentration of troops in the front line on a forward slope guaranteed that it would face the bulk of an artillery bombardment, directed by ground observers on clearly marked lines. Digging and wiring of a new third line began in May, civilians were moved away and stocks of ammunition and hand-grenades were increased in the front-line. On 6 June, Below reported that air reconnaissance indicated an offensive at Fricourt and Gommecourt. 2330:

British divisions had attacked nine battalions from IR 183, RIR 122 and IR Lehr. The British infantry were described as energetic but lacking in tactical skill and unable to exploit success. The German defeat was ascribed to the power of the British artillery, which overwhelmed the outnumbered German guns. The British artillery was accurate, benefiting from air supremacy quickly to engage targets, while the German guns had no help from artillery-observation aircraft. The historian of RIR 122 had written that the determined defence forced the British into resorting to masses of infantry, who suffered mass casualties; the British artillery expended a vast quantity of shells and lost much time in capturing only an intermediate defensive position held by a small force.

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occupied, despite reports that they had been abandoned and the 24th Brigade attacked the village in the evening with the companies which had suffered the fewest casualties the day before. The attack was repulsed by machine-gun fire and artillery-fire; a battalion trying to advance from Peake Woods, midway between Shelter Wood and the village, to join with the 68th Brigade, was also defeated. Another 3 Squadron aircraft was aloft to watch the attacks and reported that when the British barrage began rockets were fired from the German trenches, which brought forth from German artillery batteries a wall of fire from Bottom Wood to Bailiff Wood, west of Contalmaison. The crew flew behind the German barrage and saw no German troops in Quadrangle Trench until

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and the French and British attacks after 2 July had occurred in the area where the first position had been overrun, with many casualties inflicted the defenders. Much of the German artillery had been destroyed by counter-battery bombardments and the German defence was compromised by the German commanders demanding an unyielding defence and counter-attacks against every loss of territory. Reserves were thrown into the defensive battle piecemeal, rather than being held back for organised counter-attacks or making tactical withdrawals to conserve manpower. The strain imposed by the Entente attacks after 1 July led Below to issue an order of the day (2nd Army Order

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time but the attack was supported by every machine-gun in the division, firing on the edges of the village and its approaches. The infantry moved forward in four waves, with mopping-up parties following, through return fire from the garrison, uncut wire on the right causing a delay and then reached a trench at the edge of the village, forcing the survivors to retreat into Contalmaison. The waves broke up into groups and advanced faster than the barrage but the divisional artillery commander was able to speed up the creeping barrage. The village was overrun despite determined opposition from parts of the garrison, one British battalion losing

1722:, 17th (Northern) Division. By the end of the day, many British officers in the area thought that the Germans were beaten and that an early advance could succeed but Rawlinson was reluctant to act without co-operation from the French. At a meeting on 3 July, the French objected to the effort being made from Longueval to Contalmaison, demanding that operations re-commence north of the Albert–Bapaume road. To prepare an attack on the German second position, the III Corps was ordered to capture Contalmaison and reach a line from Mametz Wood to the far side of Contalmaison, Bailiff Wood and west towards La Boisselle. 2100:

machine-guns. Two guides had been sent back from the III Battalion but it was so dark that Köstlin went cross-country on a compass bearing. The column lost cohesion in the dark between Martinpuich and Bazentin because of the number of shell-holes and trenches to traverse and the halts to form up took too much time. Köstlin formed the company into columns of sections after passing over the second position and the advance quickened. The ground was under shellfire and casualties began to increase. Köstlin decided to avoid Mametz Wood and move in the open between the wood and Comtalmaison on the line of the

142: 2051:

Contalmaison, destroying the 11th Company, RIR 122. Germans at the west end built a barricade covered by a machine-gun but troops of the 8th South Staffords and the 7th Lincolns advanced either side of Pearl Alley towards Acid Drop Copse and stopped when they realised that there were no British troops on the flanks. The 10th and 12th companies of III Battalion, IR 183 continued to resist attempts by the 50th Brigade to advance and the parties on the left were ordered to retire before dawn, except for a machine-gun team near the copse which were overlooked, the battalion losing

42: 1877: 1385:(OHL, German General Staff) ordered the construction of a systematic defensive system on the Western Front, capable of withstanding attacks indefinitely, with a relatively small garrison. Barbed wire obstacles were enlarged from one belt 5–10 yd (4.6–9.1 m) wide to two belts 30 yd (27 m) wide and about 15 yd (14 m) apart. Double and triple thickness wire was used and laid 3–5 ft (0.91–1.52 m) high. The front line was increased from one trench to three, dug 150–200 yd (140–180 m) apart, the first trench ( 1571: 2419:

headquarters and the corps headquarters, for inadequately commanding the resulting operations. Corps commanders delegated to divisions, which sometimes delegated to battalion commanders and caused a lack of co-ordination. Attacks were supported by small amounts of artillery and attacks on narrow fronts created untenable salients that were vulnerable to crossfire from un-engaged units on the flanks, although German counter-attacks were just as prone to failure. The attacks on Contalmaison and the rest of the Fourth Army front cost the British

1641: 1731: 129: 1980: 2449: 1433: 1690:(Brigadier-General Rawling), 21st Division, reached Shelter Wood and Birch Tree Wood to the north-west, assisted by the brigade machine-gun company, having suffered losses from German machine-guns. Many German troops emerged from dug outs to defend the woods and another battalion was sent forward to help. Birch Tree Wood fell but then a German counter-attack by bombers from the right nearly succeeded and slowed the attack on Shelter Wood. Just after 2344:

between flanking units was neglected, too many small attacks were made by bombing up trenches instead of fewer, better supported, simultaneous attacks over the top and that the artillery was too often out of touch with the front line, no artillery liaison officers being provided and that misleading reports were made by observers in balloons. Contalmaison was attacked from the wrong direction and headquarters were too distant to command.

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repulsed. British artillery-fire on two companies of reinforcements caused them to panic and run away. The attack from Shelter Wood failed because the troops were on lower ground and were slowed by mud and a rainstorm, as machine-gun fire from Contalmaison and Bailiff Wood stopped the attack. The battalion in the village withdrew later in the afternoon after running out of ammunition and hand grenades. An attempt to attack again at

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troops but were repulsed and on 28 November, an attack by the XIV Corps managed to advance the French line by 330–440 yd (300–400 m). In early December, IV Corps attacked and gained 330–1,090 yd (300–1,000 m). The French attacks had been costly and gained little ground; after the end of the Battle of Albert the area round Contalmaison became a backwater except for occasional artillery bombardments into 1916.

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late and the barrage had lifted. When the attack began the troops were caught by machine-gun fire from Mametz Wood; the survivors were ordered back apart from a few advanced posts. On the right, a battalion of the 50th Brigade had tried to bomb up Quadrangle Alley but was driven back and a company which tried to move up the west side of Mametz Wood were caught by machine-gun fire from Strip Trench and lost half their number.

2532:, the German spring offensive. In the afternoon, air reconnaissance saw that the British defence of the line from Montauban and Ervillers was collapsing and the RFC squadrons in the area made a maximum effort to disrupt the German advance. The German garrison in the village ruins and vicinity resisted an attack on 24 August but were by-passed on both flanks by the 38th (Welsh) Division two days later, during the 2021:

Brigade front, which caused many casualties since the trenches were shallow and crowded with men. A German attack was rapidly dispersed by small arms and artillery fire. A battalion of the 24th Brigade established a machine-gun nest in a commanding position south of the village and patrols of a 68th Brigade battalion entered Bailiff Wood, before being shelled out by British artillery. An attempt to return at

1204:. The village is 4 mi (6.4 km) north-east of Albert on the D 104, north-west of Mametz Wood and south of Pozières, at the junction of several roads, atop a spur with a good view in all directions. In 1914, there was a church and a château just to the north, a chalk pit nearby and 72 houses, making it the seventh-largest village on the Somme. Military operations in the area began when the German 221: 1510:, was to capture the German positions from the Fricourt Spur and Sausage Valley to the far side of La Boisselle, then advance to a line about 800 yd (730 m) short of the German second line from Contalmaison to Pozières. The division would have to capture a fortified village and six German trench lines, in a 2 mi (3.2 km) advance on a 2,000 yd (1,800 m) front. The 1754:

and the difficulty of providing water for the thousands of troops in the area led to two cavalry divisions being sent back to Abbeville. The Germans managed to conduct substantial bombardments at places and counter-attacked north of the Albert–Bapaume road. On 4 July, the 17th (Northern) Division managed a short advance towards Contalmaison and a night attack was planned for

1407:) about 1,000 yd (910 m) behind the front line was also built. Communication trenches ran back to the reserve line, renamed the second line, which was as well built and wired as the first line. The second line was beyond the range of Allied field artillery, to force an attacker to stop and move artillery forward before assaulting the line. 1397:) for the front-trench garrison and the third trench for local reserves. The trenches were traversed and had sentry-posts in concrete recesses built into the parapet. Dugouts had been deepened from 6–9 ft (1.8–2.7 m) to 20–30 ft (6.1–9.1 m), 50 yd (46 m) apart and made large enough for 2347:

Despite the difficulties, several elaborately fortified positions had been captured in twelve days, 20 sq mi (52 km) of ground being captured from 2 to 13 July, compared to the 3 sq mi (7.8 km) taken on 1 July. The defenders had been reduced to a state of disorganisation

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Lambert and the battalion commanders of the 69th Brigade reconnoitred the ground and arranged support from the artillery of the 23rd and 34th divisions. Two battalions assembled along Horseshoe Trench, in a line 1,000 yd (910 m) long, facing Contalmaison 2,000 yd (1,800 m) away to

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attack and that the 17th (Northern) Division would try again at the same time. The barrage began promptly and a German counter-bombardment started on the line of the night attack. Communication forward from the 17th (Northern) Division headquarters was so slow that the troops of the 52nd Brigade were

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on 2 July and said that ammunition, particularly its low quality, rather than a lack of replacements, limited British freedom of action. Haig wanted to exploit the success on the right flank by advancing from Mametz Wood and Contalmaison towards the German second position on the Longueval–Bazentin le

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cent of the men in the leading battalions had become casualties from German machine-gun fire, which began as soon as the British bombardment lifted off the German front line. Many of the German machine-guns were in concealed positions behind the front line had not been hit by the bombardment. As soon

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On 29 September, the attack of the XIV Reserve Corps was stopped by the French around Fricourt and La Boisselle, south of Ovillers. In early November, French artillery reinforcements arrived and bombardments beyond the front line began. On 19 November, two divisions of XI Corps attacked to fix German

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In 2009, William Philpott wrote that many attacks had been made against skilful opponents in well-fortified positions, the attacks often being tactically crude, poorly co-ordinated and with inadequate artillery support. The inexperience of the New Army divisions was manifest but despite the tenacity

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article, based on German sources, G. C. Wynne wrote that German historians praised the defenders of Contalmaison, IR 183 being described as at the peak of its efficiency. The regiment still contained many pre-war trained officers and NCOs leading young troops who had spent the winter training. Three

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The troops of the 2nd Company in the south-eastern part of the village were trapped and a counter-attack towards the road junction south of the church was defeated. The company retreated along Pearl Alley, a rearguard holding the Cutting until dark fell. The survivors of the 6th, 10th, 11th and 12th

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of its men in a bombardment. Another company was sent into Mametz Wood, leaving only the 6th and 7th companies left in reserve. II Battalion, IR Lehr remained along the south side of the wood and Flat Iron Copse, with the III Battalion in reserve around Bazentin le Petit.(The defence of this part of

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was rushed from Valenciennes and relieved the remnants of the 28th Reserve and 10th Bavarian divisions from the Bapaume–Albert road, past Mametz Wood to Flat Iron Copse. After the loss of the first position south of the road on 1 July, the defenders fought on, from intermediate positions in front of

1790:(Brigadier-General H. P. Croft) relieved the 69th Brigade and a battalion occupied Triangle Trench. BEF headquarters issued a memorandum, that the British advantage in numbers and the demoralisation of the German infantry required any success to be exploited. Military intelligence reported that only 1605:

both battalions were atop the Fricourt Spur but Sausage and Scots redoubts were still occupied by German troops. The infantry continued for about 1 mi (1.6 km) to Birch Tree Wood, before the error in navigation was realised after thirty minutes. The British advance had overrun the junction

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When the barrage lifted, the troops overran the German front trench on the higher part of the slope but German flanking fire from Sausage Valley and La Boisselle forced the leading companies on the right eastwards. Parties of the 15th Royal Scots were left behind to attack at Sausage Redoubt and the

1541:) and the remaining two battalions of the 103rd Brigade were to follow the columns. The first objective of the two leading lines of battalions was the German front system of four trench lines, the fourth trench being about 2,000 yd (1,800 m) from the British front line and to be reached at 1481:

In the III Corps area, heavy artillery was to fire on the German defences in eight lifts and "jump" from one defence line to the next and the infantry advance was to be preceded by barrages which moved back slowly on a timetable. The sixth lift was to fall on a line behind Contalmaison and Pozières,

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added to German problems and closing up to the second position was a considerable, if costly, victory. The Germans found themselves in a meat grinder, when the British artillery was rapidly increasing in effectiveness, much assisted by RFC artillery-observation aircraft. German counter-attacks were

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from the sunken road east of the village, to Quadrangle Support Trench. Parties of the 50th Brigade attacked westwards up Strip Trench and Wood Support Trench, against German defenders who fought hand-to-hand, at great cost to both sides, before the objective was captured. Touch was gained with the

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the artillery firing from the south increased the rate of fire as the infantry closed on the village; a creeping barrage moved in five short lifts, from the trench around the west side of the village to the eastern fringe. A smoke screen failed as insufficient ammunition could be carried forward in

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On the right flank, German small-arms fire halted the attack by only 40 men, which was then reinforced by two companies from the 50th Brigade but the survivors were forced back to the start line. On the left, the 51st Brigade captured the west end of Quadrangle Support Trench and pressed on towards

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when two battalions attacked from the south end of Pearl Alley and Shelter Wood on the left. The troops advanced in the open against machine-gun fire and got into Contalmaison up to the church, in which prisoners were taken and counter-attacks by a company of RIR 122 and then a company of GR 9 were

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to reach Railway Alley, after reinforcement by another battalion and bombers from two more. A company of the 7th Border got into the west end of Bottom Wood and was isolated until the 21st Division captured Shelter Wood on the left and the German defence collapsed. The 7th Border pressed on and met

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machine guns. German troops were reluctant to believe that the British had assembled an army large enough to extend as far south as the Somme and a soldier seen near Thiepval, was thought to be a French soldier in a grey hat. By 4 August, it was officially reported by OHL that the 52nd Division and

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Contalmaison village is 4 mi (6.4 km) north-east of Albert on the D 104, north-west of Mametz Wood, to the south of Pozières between Longueval and La Boisselle, at the junction of several roads, atop a spur with a good view in all directions. In 1914, there was a church and a château just

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bombardment was fired on the German front line and Contalmaison, increased in intensity for the last ten minutes, during which two 52nd Brigade battalions and one from the 51st Brigade began their advance. The Germans were alert and opened fire under the light of flares behind a defensive barrage.

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the French and British made preparations for an attack due on 7 July, from Hardecourt, Trones Wood, Mametz Wood and Contalmaison. Allied destructive and harassing bombardments continued as guns were moved forward. Engineers and tunnellers continued to rebuild roads but engineering stores ran short

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In mid-July 1915, extensive troop and artillery movements north of the Ancre were seen by German observers. The type of shell fired by the new artillery changed from high explosive to shrapnel and unexploded shells were found to be of a different design. The new infantry opposite, did not continue

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The outcome of the war depends on 2nd Army being victorious on the Somme. Despite the current enemy superiority in artillery and infantry we have got to win this battle.... For the time being, we must hold our current positions without fail and improve on them by means of minor counter-attacks. I

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a surprise bayonet charge was attempted by a battalion each from the 50th and 51st brigades, which reached part of Quadrangle Support Trench on the left but eventually failed with many casualties. After the capture of Contalmaison next day, an afternoon attack by part of the 51st Brigade advanced

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emerged from cover in the 3rd and 4th Company area at the west side of the village. Little could be seen through the smoke and dust but German artillery was able to engage the British advancing from the west. The battalion that was delayed at the garden hedge was engaged by the German party still

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as dawn was breaking, Köstlin sent the guides forward who took twenty minutes to get back and report that the trench was straight ahead. As the company advanced, a machine-gun opened fire from the right and caused much confusion. Köstlin shouted "Double march, into the trench in front" but it was

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Köstlin had received the order in the afternoon of 9 July and took the company back to Martinpuich for supplies and ammunition but the field kitchen draught horse bolted from a shell with the field kitchen. Ammunition took until after midnight to issue and then the company moved forward, with two

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On 9 July, the 24th and 68th Brigades of the 23rd Division spent the morning trying to improve their positions south and west of Contalmaison, ready for a bigger attack by the 69th Brigade on 10 July. Indications of a German counter-attack from the village were followed by bombardment of the 68th

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as the advance of the head of an attacking column was stopped, the rest of the column bunched up and made an easy target. The right-hand column had to advance along the convex slope on the west side of Fricourt Spur, for which the leading companies of the 15th (Service) Battalion (1st Edinburgh),

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In 1916, the village was between the German first and second positions, each having three trenches about 200 yd (180 m) apart, behind deep fields of barbed wire. The village was ringed by a dense network of trenches and barbed-wire obstacles, with a commanding view of the vicinity. On 1

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each; in III Corps, divisions also failed to co-ordinate, the 19th (Western) and 34th divisions attacking La Boisselle on the left, only once managing to attack at the same time as the 23rd Division. An officer wrote that there had not been enough reconnaissance, attacks were disjointed, liaison

1717:

The XV Corps divisions began to consolidate south of Contalmaison and repair the roads and light railway. Reports indicated that the German defence had not recovered and the 7th Division was ordered to advance into Mametz Wood on the right of Contalmaison after dark. The 17th (Northern) Division

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A company of the reserve battalion of RIR 110 counter-attacked from Peake Woods throwing hand-grenades and German troops in Scots Redoubt and the third and fourth trenches behind the Scots, emerged from cover and engaged them with machine-gun fire. The German attack inflicted many casualties and

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The field artillery barrage was to move very slowly, raking back to the next German trench line in lifts of 50–100–150 yd (46–91–137 m) but faster than the infantry advance, so was not a true creeping barrage. On 28 June, the Fourth Army headquarters ordered that if the initial attacks

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J. P. Harris, also in 2009, wrote that the Fourth Army had continued the offensive with the three corps on the right to close up to the second position but was too slow to occupy Mametz Wood before 4 July; Haig toured the corps headquarters urging them forward. Harris criticised the Fourth Army

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by the time the attack was abandoned. The 23rd Division attacked again to close a 400 yd (370 m) gap between the 24th and 68th brigades but the troops got into deep mud and were trapped. Later in the day, the 24th Brigade tried to attack Contalmaison but was stopped by machine-gun and

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the relief of the Guard by the 183rd Division from Cambrai began but IR 184 was detached, leaving two regiments to take over, who found that the second position had been severely damaged and that many dug-out entrances were blocked. The area was still occupied by support units of the 3rd Guard

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and the sacking of the commanders of the 38th (Welsh) and 17th (Northern) divisions. The inexperience of corps and divisional commanders was exposed but the army hierarchy was efficient enough to remedy their worst failings, beginning the process of creating an effective army from the mass of

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The 23rd Division was ordered to bomb forward towards Contalmaison and close a 400 yd (370 m) gap between the 24th and 68th brigades but trenches were so full of mud that many men were stranded and had to be pulled out. Patrols towards Contalmaison and Bailiff Wood found them still

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casualties and the commander of the 17th (Northern) Division was sacked. The attacks forced the Germans into a costly piecemeal defence and many losses were inflicted on the 17 regiments that contributed men for the defence of Contalmaison and the vicinity; Infantry Regiment Lehr was almost

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XV Corps headquarters decided that the attack on Mametz Wood and Contalmaison should begin with the capture of Quadrangle Support Trench 500 yd (460 m) beyond Quadrangle Trench and Pearl Alley. The ground was open and the artillery had difficulty in ranging so an attack at

2402:. The Germans were equally capable of matching British ineptitude. In 2006, Jack Sheldon wrote that the limited attacks after 1 July were inescapable, given the commitments made to the French but this led to the British attacking on ground that was easier for the Germans to defend. 2406:

of the German defenders, the positions were captured, often thanks to the capacity of battalion and brigade commanders to intervene at crucial moments. The 38th (Welsh), 17th (Northern) and 23rd divisions had been expended to capture Mametz Wood and Contalmaison, for more than

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up to 10 July. The German positions between Mametz Wood and Contalmaison, were captured by the 17th (Northern) Division, after they were outflanked by the capture of the village and the southern part of the wood, although bombing attacks up trenches on 9 July had failed. At

1618:, 500 yd (460 m) further on. The battalions then turned north, the 15th Royal Scots up Birch Tree Trench in the second intermediate line, towards Peake Woods, with the 16th Royal Scots in support along the Fricourt–Pozières road, 200 yd (180 m) behind. 1243:

the highest number of casualties of any division involved in the attack. Operations to capture Contalmaison continued until the village was captured, with fresh divisions from 2 to 10 July; the British were able to close up to the German second position, ready for the

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when a battalion reached the southern fringe before machine-gun fire from Contalmaison forced them back 400 yd (370 m). The attack on Contalmaison by the 24th Brigade, was to have begun when the 52nd Brigade attacked Pearl Alley again on the right at

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along the south edge of the wood and Flat Iron Copse, was left behind. Part of the left-hand battalion got into Pearl Alley and some found themselves in Contalmaison, before being driven back from the village and Pearl Alley by IR Lehr and the bombers of GR 9.

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to the west, the III Battalion held Quadrangle Support and Wood Support and the II Battalion was in reserve in the second position behind Contalmaison Villa. The 5th Company, II Battalion was sent to reinforce the 9th Company in Wood Support, which had lost

1818:

The British attack north of the Bapaume–Albert road failed on 1 July but in the area of the 28th Reserve Division south of the road, the British captured Montauban Ridge and the 28th Reserve Division only avoided destruction because of the arrival of the

1514:(19th (Western) Division) in corps reserve was to move forward to the vacant trenches in the Tara–Usna line, ready to relieve the attacking divisions, after the objectives had been reached. If the German defences collapsed the 19th (Western) Division and 2033:

no artillery preparation was possible, because telephone contact with the artillery had been cut off. Two companies fought their way into the wood and the trenches either side. On the right a trench block was built and a German counter-attack repulsed.

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the 23rd Division attacked Contalmaison eight times and the 17th (Northern) Division on the right attacked eleven times but never simultaneously; artillery co-operation with a neighbouring corps was arranged only once. The British divisions lost about

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Petit ridge. The XV Corps headquarters ordered an attack by the 17th (Northern) Division and the 21st Division after a thirty-minute bombardment, to capture Bottom Wood and Shelter Wood to cut out a German salient north of Mametz and Fricourt. At

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it began to rain and on 4 July there was a thunderstorm in the afternoon, which flooded trenches and turned the ground to mud. Much of the RFC was grounded but 52 aircraft managed to fly at low altitude on artillery-observation sorties. From

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the German front had been conducted by 15 battalions on 1 July (BRIR 6, IR 62, RIR 109,110 and 111) and from 2 July, troops from the 12th Reserve Division, elements of the 185th, 12th, 10th Bavarian and 3rd Guard divisions and IR 163 of the

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companies in Quadrangle Support Trench were enveloped on three sides and reduced to drinking muddy water from the trench bottom but no attack came. After dark a diversion was staged and the garrison retreated to the second position,

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civilian volunteers. The attacks were not set-piece offensives but mopping-up operations against particular localities to create the conditions for another set-piece attack, which had more success in consequence. Battalions from

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but in the circumstances of early July, rushed and disjointed attacks might have been better than a delay to organise a deliberate attack, which could take a week allowing the defenders to recover. Harris suggested that from

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British aircraft reported that German troops were advancing from Contalmaison and Rawling planned a pincer attack with a battalion from reserve, covered by Stokes mortar fire. The capture of Shelter Wood was completed and at

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The 17th (Northern) Division attacked Quadrangle Support Trench early in the morning and again at midday by bombing up trenches but took very little ground. A surprise attack from Quadrangle Trench, by a battalion of the

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The British infantry rushed the German defences at zero hour and captured Quadrangle Trench and Shelter Alley, taking prisoners from IR 163 and IR 190. On the left flank, the 23rd Division began supporting attacks and at

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and the 112th Brigade gave ground until a battalion made a bayonet counter-attack. The IR 183 report blamed fire on the left flank and rear, from the British who had got into Contalmaison, as the Germans reached the

3493:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: Macmillan. 3531:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (Imperial War Museum and Battery Press ed.). London: Macmillan. 3637:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. IV (Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Clarendon Press. 3550:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. IV (Imperial War Museum and Battery Press ed.). London: HMSO. 2333:

In 2005, Prior and Wilson wrote that Rawlinson had not sufficiently co-ordinated the Fourth Army corps to ensure attacks at the same times, with adequate artillery support, against realistic objectives. From

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reported that Wood Trench and Quadrangle Trench to the left of the wood were weakly garrisoned and that Peake Woods, halfway to Contalmaison were empty. The 21st Division was relieved during the night by the

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even worse prepared than British equivalents and most were repulsed. The policy of resolute defence and counter-attack exposed many German units to British firepower and by 10 July, the Germans had suffered

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by the 17th (Northern) Division was ordered by Horne, against objections from Pilcher and the brigadiers that the trenches would become untenable under machine-gun fire from Contalmaison and Mametz Wood. A

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running across Contalmaison Spur. The trench had been dug before the battle and had barbed wire obstacles in front and several deep-mined dugouts, some 20 ft (6.1 m) deep. On the German right was

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It rained during the day with gusty winds, keeping much of the RFC grounded. Trenches filled with mud so deep in places, that soldiers collapsed from exhaustion and ammunition wagons needed teams of up to

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and in the centre, RIR 122 was back in the second position from Pozières to Bazentin le Petit behind a screen of machine-gun posts north of Mametz Wood and extending towards Contalmaison, having lost

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that Quadrangle Trench was still full of German troops. All three battalions were caught in the mud and shot down by an artillery barrage and machine-gun fire from ahead and both flanks, losing about

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on 5 July to take the ground, only to lose it to a counter-attack. The Germans attacked again in the afternoon and the rest of the 69th Brigade (Brigadier-General Lambert) was committed. Just after

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Division and many of the 183rd Division troops had to lie on the open, losing many casualties to British artillery-fire. The bombardment continued during the morning and III Battalion, RIR 122 had

1897:

The leading waves were also hit by British shells falling short, found that the German wire was uncut and fell back to the start-line. The 183rd Division took over the front line on the night of

1943:

was cancelled due to the mud, a heavy German barrage and lack of fresh troops; the 68th Brigade dug in on the west in touch with the 24th Brigade, which faced Contalmaison from the south.

1925:

In the III Corps area on the left flank, the 68th Brigade, 23rd Division was to advance as the 24th Brigade drew level on the right but was delayed by the barrage on Bailiff Wood until

1909:

The Germans tried to extend their counter-attacks from the east of Contalmaison, towards the advanced positions of the 17th (Northern) Division, which were eventually repulsed at about

2120:

the east. Two companies were sent 500 yd (460 m) forward to Bailiff Wood, to make a flank attack on the north-west end of the village. After a thirty-minute bombardment from

1342:

from 14 September) began operations west of Bapaume in late September by advancing down the Bapaume–Albert road to the Ancre river, preparatory to an advance down the Somme valley to

693: 2258:

Two more field companies were delayed by German artillery-fire and then by congestion and took until morning to arrive. The troops of the 23rd Division began to be relieved by the

1227:

a small party from the 34th Division got within 500 yd (460 m) of the village. Rear-area troops were scraped up to counter-attack them and pushed the party back from the

5497: 2415:

regiments of nine divisions fought in the area and the 3rd Guard Division suffered many casualties, the Regiment Lehr (the army demonstration battalion) almost being annihilated.

2140:

Small detachments got into the village to reinforce but casualties from British artillery were constant and the village was reduced to rubble. The final bombardment beginning at

5512: 1699:

the German counter-attack on Shelter and Bottom woods was repulsed, mainly by the fire of Lewis guns; the 63rd Brigade formed a defensive flank on the left at Round Wood. About

1256:

annihilated. The German policy of resolute defence and counter-attack exposed many German units to British firepower and by 10 July, German casualties on the Somme had risen to

5696: 2029:

to reinforce the line between Contalmaison and Pozières but was repulsed with many casualties. The preliminary bombardment had been fired but when the delayed attack began at

1901:

Infantry Regiment 183 from Grenadier Regiment 9, Ovillers to Contalmaison and RIR 122 from IR 163, Contalmasion eastwards to the south-west of Mametz Wood; Infantry Regiment

290: 1558:

where the 101st and 102nd brigades were to dig in. The 103rd Brigade was then to pass through and reach the final objective on the far side of Contalmaison and Pozières at

6149: 2488:

In 1921, the 34th Division historian, J. Shakespear using records compiled just after the division was relieved, write that in three days, the 101st Brigade had suffered

1832:

the second position along the south side of the Pozières–Ginchy Ridge. The defence took place along the spurs running down from the ridge to the Mametz–Montauban valley.

1786:

but touch with the 17th (Northern) Division in Shelter Alley to the east was not obtained. Next day, the German artillery bombardment increased and during the night the

234: 2384: 5594: 2259: 2199:

but collided with the 111th and 112th Brigades of the 34th Division, co-operating with the 69th Brigade attack on Contalmaison. The 111th Brigade was forced back to

2106:(Grand Duke Trench, Pearl Alley to the British) to Quadrangle Trench and then to the wood from Quadrangle Support. As they crossed the Contalmaison–Bazentin road at 2012:

after dawn had broken. Observers of the 34th Division saw the Germans and directed artillery and machine-gun fire on the attackers, preventing them from advancing.

5231: 4402: 5673: 1971:

a warning from an observer in a reconnaissance aircraft, led to an advance by German troops towards Bailiff Wood, being ambushed and stopped by small-arms fire.

5701: 4215: 456: 5889: 5616: 5308: 4273: 686: 5996: 1762:

on 5 July, when two battalions of the 52nd Brigade crept forward to 100 yd (91 m) short of the German lines, obscured by the dark and the rain.

1411:

the live-and-let-live practices of their forerunners and a larger number of machine-guns began firing against the German lines, which did not pause every

6134: 5904: 5659: 1208:

advanced down the Bapaume–Albert road and Contalmaison was captured at noon on 28 September, by Reserve Infantry Regiment 40 (RIR 40) and RIR 110 of the

5899: 5589: 5540: 5455: 2111:

another 300 yd (270 m) further on and only thirty men followed him, the rest retreating in confusion to the second position or taking cover.

1827:

Next day, the British advanced up the rise facing the south-west side of Contalmaison and established positions south of Mametz Wood to the right. The

6144: 5743: 283: 2373: 77: 6139: 1538: 923: 679: 382: 5584: 4949: 985: 660: 2294:

in two days but IR Lehr was still holding Flat Iron Copse. By noon on 11 July, the 23rd Division was relieved by the 1st Division, having lost

4380: 1958:

when two battalions attacked with one from the 52nd Brigade on the left. A 3 Squadron aircraft flew a reconnaissance and dropped a message at

213: 4442: 2308:

in the wood and the 23rd Division in the village, before the 21st Division took over early on 11 July; the 17th (Northern) Division had lost

5644: 5574: 5213: 4432: 4343: 1828: 276: 5668: 4566: 4020: 618: 4243: 1810:

reconnoitred Mametz Wood and those south of Contalmaison and reported that Acid Drop Copse and sections of trench had been demolished.

1456:

was begun in February and was nearly complete on the Somme front when the battle began. German artillery was organised in a series of

4573: 1655: 906: 4225: 2453: 5894: 1675:

on 3 July, a battalion of the 51st Brigade, 17th (Northern) Division attacked and was engaged with machine-gun fire, taking until

5826: 5664: 5651: 5608: 5517: 5243: 5052: 4959: 4861: 4619: 4266: 2263: 1424:; on 9 August, the situation became clear when a British soldier, working in no man's land, got lost in a mist and was captured. 6018: 6008: 5876: 1719: 5790: 5724: 5561: 5440: 5113: 4139: 3995: 3952: 3916: 3890: 3869: 3843: 3814: 3795: 3776: 3750: 3729: 3710: 3687: 3668: 3642: 3614: 3593: 3574: 3555: 3536: 3517: 3498: 3476: 2082: 1347: 1209: 5965: 5385: 4177: 2570:

but Colonel Schultze, the commander of IR 183 was wounded and a delay to find a replacement led to the attack beginning at

1659: 1515: 375: 2398:), after Pannewitz had been allowed to withdraw to the third position south of the Somme; Grünert was replaced by Colonel 2250:

of the I Battalion, GR 9 making it back. The village was consolidated with the help of an engineer field company inside a

5736: 4695: 4200: 1794:

battalions were in line from Hardecourt to the Albert–Bapaume road, eleven of which had been severely depleted, although

1264:, the German spring offensive. The village changed hands for the last time when it was taken by the 113th Brigade of the 628: 564: 5950: 1758:

from Mametz Wood and to the left up to Shelter Alley but rainstorms slowed preparations. The attack eventually began at

5935: 5225: 4634: 4392: 2154:(Emperor Trench west of the village, Quadrangle Trench to the British) and in village cellars. The alarm was raised at 2069:(Forester Trench) and I Battalion was in reserve at Pozières; the I Battalion, RIR 122 garrisoned Contalmasion and the 2025:

was forestalled by a German counter-attack by parts of II Battalion and III Battalion, IR 183 of the 183rd Division at

1590: 771: 5810: 5504: 5320: 4599: 4070: 1534: 1319: 1205: 724: 1260:

The village became a backwater until 25 March 1918, when the 79th Reserve and 183rd divisions re-captured it during

5062: 4997: 4035: 1802:

in reserve. The Fourth Army had six divisions in the front line and five more in reserve, outnumbering the Germans

1140: 444: 329: 3788:

The Other Side of the Wire: The Battle of the Somme. With the German XIV Reserve Corps: September 1914 – June 1916

6061: 5866: 5846: 5633: 5569: 5392: 5261: 4172: 4092: 4030: 2357:

forbid the voluntary relinquishment of positions.... The enemy must be made to pick his way forward over corpses.

2136:

The Germans in the village were from I Battalion, RIR 122 but casualties had reduced the battalion to fewer than

1820: 842: 554: 510: 368: 4733: 2557:

Requests for artillery support went unanswered when German bombardments cut telephone lines left on the surface.

5861: 5856: 5851: 5841: 5535: 4187: 4162: 4060: 1823:, the corps reserve. The British attacks south of the road continued and Fricourt was occupied on the night of 1598: 1530: 1522: 1507: 1291: 1593:(15th Royal Scots) had advanced to within 200 yd (180 m) of the German front line before zero hour. 5836: 5831: 5795: 5729: 5621: 5467: 5057: 4909: 4447: 4375: 4306: 4075: 4045: 4040: 3722:

Landrecies to Cambrai: Case Studies of German Offensive and Defensive Operations on the Western Front 1914–17

3491:

Military Operations France and Belgium, 1916: Sir Douglas Haig's Command to the 1st July: Battle of the Somme

2601:

Landrecies to Cambrai: Case Studies of German Offensive and Defensive Operations on the Western Front 1914–17

2043: 2039: 1787: 1707:

from Infantry Regiment 23 and RIR 109, 110 and 111. The German battalions were almost destroyed, losing over

1687: 1496: 1495:

caused the German defence to collapse, the closest infantry would exploit without waiting for cavalry of the

1339: 864: 1503:), which would be 5 mi (8.0 km) west of Albert, ready to advance once the roads had been cleared. 788: 6129: 5785: 5412: 5352: 5249: 5154: 4924: 4710: 4414: 4253: 4152: 2525: 1663: 963: 793: 623: 1529:) with one battalion leading and a supporting battalion behind, followed by a battalion detached from the 1518:

in reserve, were to advance either side of the Albert–Bapaume road under the command of the Reserve Army.

6023: 5460: 5445: 5303: 5255: 5027: 4578: 4452: 4365: 4360: 4129: 4117: 4112: 1651: 1416: 1163: 1135: 1115: 948: 703: 576: 571: 159: 4639: 2389: 805: 6119: 6003: 5960: 5237: 5002: 4987: 4889: 4758: 4326: 4238: 4195: 3833: 3740: 2395: 1680:

parties from the 7th Division in the rest of Bottom Wood, the operation costing the 51st Brigade about

1584:

on 1 July, the infantry of the 34th Division rose from their jumping-off trenches. Within ten minutes,

1443: 1110: 1100: 1078: 1012: 928: 918: 891: 719: 6154: 5945: 5713: 5297: 5285: 5047: 5032: 4753: 4644: 4338: 4316: 4065: 4055: 3988: 3548:

Military Operations France and Belgium 1918: 8th August – 26th September The Franco-British Offensive

1158: 1130: 1085: 1068: 1024: 938: 859: 815: 810: 598: 4899: 461: 349: 5920: 5407: 5397: 5326: 5279: 5267: 5207: 5022: 5017: 4939: 4348: 4321: 4025: 3909:

The Other Side of the Wire: The Battle of the Somme. With the German XIV Reserve Corps, 1 July 1916

2533: 2167:

but failed to stop the advance. The commander of I Battalion, RIR 122 was captured at the château,

1269: 1245: 1125: 1063: 1039: 943: 869: 586: 581: 544: 451: 3968: 3661:

Military Operations France and Belgium, 1916, 2nd July 1916 to the End of the Battles of the Somme

2574:

long after the preparatory bombardment had ended; the attackers only reached trenches between the

1876: 6124: 5991: 5983: 5925: 5685: 5380: 5143: 4977: 4972: 4904: 4763: 4748: 4743: 4723: 4604: 4481: 1863:

as Contalmaison disappeared in a cloud of smoke, debris flying upwards as heavy shells exploded.

1562:

and consolidate, ready to attack the German second position 800 yd (730 m) further on.

1511: 1286: 1182: 1090: 1051: 1029: 879: 820: 746: 483: 439: 409: 339: 300: 4944: 2093:

At dawn, the 6th Company of RIR 122 arrived in Quadrangle Support, after a fraught night march.

5758: 5482: 5417: 5273: 5007: 4934: 4884: 4869: 4851: 4824: 4738: 4705: 4370: 4331: 4311: 4122: 4015: 2189:

making it back despite being fired on as they approached the position. IR 183 counter-attacked

1471: 1224: 1105: 1073: 1034: 1002: 933: 901: 874: 847: 756: 643: 537: 515: 493: 414: 314: 3606:

The War in the Air, Being the Story of the Part Played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force

3567:

When the Barrage Lifts: A Topographical History and Commentary on the Battle of the Somme 1916

2239:

The flank attack on the north end also reached its objective, met the main attacking force at

884: 613: 532: 5748: 5402: 5291: 5067: 5037: 4967: 4914: 4836: 4804: 4778: 4728: 4659: 4561: 4514: 4298: 4167: 4050: 3529:

Military Operations France and Belgium 1918: The German March Offensive and its Preliminaries

2457: 2305: 1380: 1265: 1193: 1120: 1095: 953: 835: 739: 549: 268: 247: 3880: 2148:

ran back to Bazentin and Pozières. Other troops took refuge in the remaining dugouts in the

1946:

XV Corps had ordered the renewal of the attack by the 17th (Northern) and 23rd divisions at

488: 6098: 6013: 4700: 4674: 4624: 3981: 3486: 1967:

artillery fire. On the left, the 19th (Western) Division bombers skirmished all day and at

1526: 1450:

1915), a third defence line another 3,000 yd (1.7 mi; 2.7 km) back from the

1374: 1330: 1007: 500: 476: 419: 319: 165: 4649: 2399: 1606:

of Reserve Infantry Regiment 110 and Reserve Infantry Regiment 111 (RIR 111) and got into

8: 6080: 5219: 5083: 5042: 4919: 4879: 4874: 4819: 4502: 4496: 4397: 2251: 1017: 973: 968: 783: 761: 593: 471: 466: 429: 392: 334: 29: 6033: 3885:(Thesis). uk.bl.ethos.367588. London: University College London (University of London). 1486:

after zero hour and the eighth lift was to fall 1,000 yd (910 m) beyond after

6040: 5955: 5314: 5178: 5160: 5125: 5089: 4929: 4894: 4846: 4831: 4718: 4669: 4508: 4467: 4147: 1917:

was to continue for another thirty minutes. The III Corps was informed in time for the

1807: 1570: 1190: 1186: 990: 830: 751: 559: 527: 244: 240: 41: 3742:

The Thirty-Fourth Division, 1915–1919: The Story of its Career from Ripon to the Rhine

2378: 1533:(Brigadier-General N. J. G. Cameron). The two columns on the left flank were from the 729: 6073: 6067: 6028: 5930: 5763: 5346: 5201: 5184: 4992: 4814: 4794: 4629: 4614: 4544: 4532: 4233: 4210: 4157: 3948: 3931: 3912: 3886: 3865: 3839: 3810: 3791: 3772: 3746: 3725: 3706: 3683: 3664: 3638: 3632: 3610: 3604: 3589: 3570: 3551: 3532: 3513: 3494: 3472: 3464: 2529: 2465: 2008:

III at midnight but the rain delayed preparations and the attack eventually began at

1985: 1835:

The main 3rd Guard Division position blocking the approaches to Contalmaison was the

1736: 1261: 1056: 997: 800: 655: 424: 324: 1854:

with Ovillers and on the left, Wood Trench linked with Mametz Wood. On the night of

5131: 5101: 5095: 5012: 4841: 4809: 4799: 4538: 4462: 4457: 4385: 4205: 4105: 958: 734: 522: 505: 3680:

Bloody Victory: The Sacrifice on the Somme and the making of the Twentieth Century

5940: 5780: 5119: 4679: 4654: 4353: 4261: 4100: 2524:

Ovillers was re-captured by the Germans on 25 March 1918, after a retreat by the

1640: 1325: 1153: 825: 650: 33: 3634:

The War in the Air Being the Part Played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force

5773: 5753: 5424: 5137: 4982: 4773: 4664: 4520: 4424: 4407: 3609:. Vol. II (Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Clarendon Press. 1730: 1548:

after zero hour. The second objective was the German second intermediate line (

896: 766: 633: 134: 3417: 2243:

and sniped at the Germans as they retreated towards the second position; only

6113: 5884: 5172: 5166: 4609: 4526: 4437: 2254:, maintained all night and a large counter-attack was repulsed by bombers at 2085:

had joined the defence; the 183rd Division was en route to the Somme front.)

778: 147: 92: 79: 3862:

From Maubeuge to the Rhineland: History of the 1st Division in the Great War

1979: 1881:

Diagram of German defences, vicinity of Fricourt and Contalmaison, July 1916

1346:. On 28 September, Reserve Infantry Regiment 40 (RIR 40) and RIR 110 of the 5334: 4768: 3935: 1500: 3882:

The Operational Role of British Corps Command on the Western Front 1914–18

3699: 5545: 5450: 5148: 4583: 4004: 2448: 3745:(Naval & Military Press ed.). London: H. F. & G. Witherby. 1934:

Mud and communication delays led to the attack not starting until after

638: 1358:

taken and the village was captured by noon, with three men killed and

5340: 5107: 3926:

Wynne, G. C. (1925). "Mametz Wood and Contalmaison, 9–10 July 1916".

1432: 1350:

advanced towards Contalmaison, where French infantry were dug in. By

3357: 2002:

to a traverse and repulsed the attack. IR 183 was ordered to attack

1490:

a procession into the German defences of 2 mi (3.2 km) in

5600: 67: 3835:

History of the 12th (Eastern) Division in the Great War, 1914–1918

360: 3527:

Edmonds, J. E.; Davies, H. R.; Maxwell-Hyslop, R. G. B. (1995) .

3299: 3297: 1197: 251: 3469:

Pyrrhic victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War

3441: 1950:

but mud delayed the 50th Brigade and its attack was put back to

671: 3381: 2736: 1343: 1201: 255: 71: 3973: 3947:(Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Edward Arnold. 3294: 2508:

to 10 July, the capture of Contalmaison cost the 69th Brigade

1612:, separating two infantry companies; some parties reached the 1308:) Reserve Division attacks towards Albert, late September 1914 298: 5768: 2813: 2811: 1913:

If the night attack failed, the preliminary bombardment from

1645:

Anglo-French objectives, north bank of the Somme, 1 July 1916

3233: 3231: 2464:

On 1 July, the 34th Division suffered the largest number of

1554:) just short of Contalmaison and Pozières, to be reached at 3809:(Greenwood Press, NY ed.). London: Faber & Faber. 3526: 3423: 3471:. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University. 3333: 3158: 3156: 2990: 2988: 2961: 2910: 2862: 2850: 2808: 2784: 2772: 2748: 2724: 2700: 2057:

By late on 9 July, II and III battalions, IR 183 held the

1354:

the hill to the north was captured in a costly attack and

3771:(Pen & Sword Military ed.). London: Leo Cooper. 3369: 3260: 3258: 3228: 3216: 3204: 2840: 2838: 2712: 2652: 2628: 2367:

after Falkenhayn had sacked the 2nd Army Chief of Staff,

1703:

of Infantry Regiment 186 were captured, along with about

3393: 3113: 3111: 3048: 2796: 1521:

Two columns on the right flank were to be formed by the

3930:(January). London: William Clowes & Sons: 245–259. 3838:(Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Nisbet. 3790:. Vol. I (pbk. repr. ed.). Solihull: Helion. 3510:

Military Operations France and Belgium 1916: Appendices

3153: 2985: 2927: 2925: 2688: 2676: 2664: 2640: 1848:

III (Fourth Street to the British) which connected the

1597:

rest advanced straight up the slope, straying into the

3345: 3309: 3255: 3243: 3192: 3143: 3141: 3128: 3126: 3072: 3036: 3012: 3000: 2949: 2937: 2898: 2835: 2823: 2760: 3429: 3270: 3108: 2874: 2616: 2175:

prisoners being taken, 69th Brigade casualties being

3832:

Middleton Brumwell, P. (2001) . Scott, A. B. (ed.).

3168: 3096: 2973: 2922: 6150:

Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom

3807:

If Germany Attacks: The Battle in Depth in the West

3405: 3321: 3282: 3180: 3138: 3123: 3084: 3060: 3024: 2886: 2595:Essays drawing on German regimental sources in the 1782:and the west end of Lincoln Redoubt and took about 1778:three battalions attacked in the open and captured 3698: 1251:The capture of the village cost the British about 6111: 4950:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers 2536:and retreated before they could be surrounded. 2352:) on 3 July, forbidding voluntary withdrawals, 2144:broke the resilience of the garrison and about 1984:Morane-Saulnier L (Parasol), the type flown by 1391:) to be occupied by sentry groups, the second ( 2274:By dawn, IR 183 had completed a retirement to 1318:the seventh-largest village on the Somme. The 3989: 2500:From 30 June – 3 July, the 21st Division had 1601:sector in the XV Corps area on the right. By 687: 376: 284: 46:Battle of the Somme 1 July – 18 November 1916 3507: 2742: 2581: 2575: 2468:of the British divisions engaged, suffering 2368: 2281: 2275: 2231: 2225: 2215: 2200: 2190: 2149: 2101: 2094: 2070: 2064: 2058: 2003: 1849: 1843: 1836: 1770:attacked at Horseshoe Trench but took until 1613: 1607: 1549: 1457: 1451: 1420:the 26th Reserve Division had seen a man in 1402: 1392: 1386: 1378: 1334: 1323: 1303: 1297: 1234: 1228: 5433: 3696: 3339: 3303: 1658:(BEF), had visited the Lieutenant-General 6135:Battles of the Western Front (World War I) 3996: 3982: 3738: 3399: 2802: 2512:and the 17th (Northern) Division suffered 2046:, plus attached bombers, was attempted at 694: 680: 383: 369: 302:Battle of Albert (1916) tactical incidents 291: 277: 3785: 3424:Edmonds, Davies & Maxwell-Hyslop 1995 2634: 2236:trenches and hold Pozières at all costs. 2163:willing to resist, which inflicted about 1998:when men in field grey suddenly appeared 1630: 1465: 1239:(Pioneer Trench). The 34th Division lost 6145:Battles of World War I involving Germany 5232:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary 3677: 3545: 3447: 3363: 2706: 2519: 2447: 1978: 1875: 1729: 1639: 1569: 1431: 1290: 6140:Battles of World War I involving France 5609:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration 3766: 3682:(1st ed.). London: Little, Brown. 3564: 3485: 3463: 3387: 3351: 3315: 2868: 2856: 2844: 2829: 2817: 2790: 2778: 2766: 2754: 2730: 2718: 2682: 2658: 2646: 2622: 2599:from 1924 to 1939, were republished as 2566:The German attack had been ordered for 2528:and the 12th (Eastern) Division during 1401:An intermediate line of strong points ( 6112: 3859: 3769:The German Army on the Somme 1914–1916 3719: 3630: 3583: 3508:Edmonds, J. E.; Wynne, G. C. (2010) . 3435: 3375: 3288: 3276: 3237: 3222: 3210: 3174: 3162: 3117: 2994: 2979: 2224:the regiment was ordered to retire to 2088: 5562:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia 4905:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) 3977: 3804: 3658: 3602: 3411: 3327: 3264: 3249: 3198: 3186: 3147: 3132: 3102: 3090: 3078: 3066: 3054: 3042: 3030: 3018: 3006: 2967: 2955: 2943: 2931: 2916: 2904: 2892: 2880: 2694: 2670: 2454:McCrae's Battalion Great War Memorial 1711:against a British loss of fewer than 1506:On the right flank of III Corps, the 1314:to the north, a chalk pit nearby and 675: 364: 272: 5966:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne 3586:Douglas Haig and the First World War 1725: 1635: 220: 5895:Ottomans against the Triple Entente 4696:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes 1813: 1216:for a loss of three men killed and 390: 13: 4635:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes 3911:. Vol. II. Solihull: Helion. 3825: 3588:(repr. ed.). Cambridge: CUP. 1591:The Royal Scots (Lothian Regiment) 14: 6166: 3962: 3945:The Nineteenth Division 1914–1918 1575:Sausage Valley, Somme 1 July 1916 1535:102nd (Tyneside Scottish) Brigade 1476: 1302:) Reserve Division and the 28th ( 701: 4998:Second Battle of the Piave River 4620:Russian invasion of East Prussia 219: 212: 140: 127: 40: 6062:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo 5262:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 4003: 2589: 2560: 2546: 2496:and the 103rd Brigade incurred 1181:was a tactical incident of the 5885:Austria-Hungary against Serbia 5744:Deportations from East Prussia 5541:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia 3697:Prior, R.; Wilson, T. (2005). 2472:The 15th Royal Scots suffered 2362:General von Below, 3 July 1916 1531:103rd (Tyneside Irish) Brigade 1: 5796:Ukrainian Canadian internment 3456: 2443: 2432:aggression. The attacks from 2244: 2195:III (Fourth Street) again at 1275: 198: 190: 5951:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement 5250:Estonian War of Independence 4925:Southern Palestine offensive 3366:, pp. 232–233, 236–237. 2610: 2526:47th (1/2nd London) Division 2315: 2286:trenches, having lost about 7: 5905:USA against Austria-Hungary 5304:Turkish War of Independence 5256:Latvian War of Independence 4988:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918 4579:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo 2320: 1656:British Expeditionary Force 1516:49th (West Riding) Division 1164:Western Front tactics, 1917 10: 6171: 5988:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk 5536:1899–1923 cholera pandemic 5003:Second Battle of the Marne 4890:Second battle of the Aisne 4759:Second Battle of Champagne 4600:German invasion of Belgium 3786:Whitehead, R. J. (2013) . 3569:. Norwich: Gliddon Books. 2484:and the 11th Suffolks had 2269: 2114: 1625: 1469: 1444:Second Battle of Champagne 1284: 1233:(Readiness Trench) to the 405:Battles of the Somme, 1916 6094: 6053: 5974: 5913: 5875: 5819: 5808: 5769:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo) 5712: 5684: 5632: 5554: 5528: 5480: 5373: 5366: 5298:Irish War of Independence 5194: 5076: 5048:Armistice of Villa Giusti 5033:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 4958: 4860: 4787: 4688: 4645:First Battle of the Marne 4592: 4554: 4489: 4480: 4423: 4297: 4286: 4252: 4224: 4186: 4138: 4091: 4084: 4011: 3969:Photo essay, Contalmaison 3907:Whitehead, R. J. (2013). 3705:. Yale University Press. 3546:Edmonds, J. E. (1993a) . 2015: 1974: 1871: 1866: 1798:had operated and another 1565: 1448:25 September – 6 November 1373:In January 1915, General 1268:on 25 August, during the 711: 402: 310: 207: 184: 171: 153: 120: 50: 39: 27: 22: 5921:Constantinople Agreement 5214:Armenian–Azerbaijani War 5077:Co-belligerent conflicts 5053:Second Romanian campaign 5023:Third Transjordan attack 4734:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive 4640:Battle of Grand Couronné 3739:Shakespear, J. (2001) . 3720:Rogers, D., ed. (2010). 3450:, pp. 243, 249–250. 3390:, pp. 380–381, 391. 2743:Edmonds & Wynne 2010 2539: 2534:Second Battle of Bapaume 1270:Second Battle of Bapaume 1246:Battle of Bazentin Ridge 5984:Modus vivendi of Acroma 5936:Bulgaria–Germany treaty 5244:Greater Poland Uprising 5144:National Protection War 5028:Meuse–Argonne offensive 4978:German spring offensive 4973:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 4749:Siege of Novogeorgievsk 4724:Second Battle of Artois 4605:Battle of the Frontiers 3631:Jones, H. A. (2002a) . 3584:Harris, J. P. (2009) . 3340:Prior & Wilson 2005 3304:Prior & Wilson 2005 2480:The Grimsby Chums lost 1512:19th (Western) Division 1427: 1368: 1287:Battle of Albert (1914) 1280: 1179:Capture of Contalmaison 1052:German spring offensive 23:Capture of Contalmaison 6009:Paris Peace Conference 5997:Ukraine–Central Powers 5791:Massacres of Albanians 5759:Late Ottoman genocides 5566:Bulgarian occupations 5274:Third Anglo-Afghan War 5238:Hungarian–Romanian War 5063:Naval Victory Bulletin 5058:Armistice with Germany 5008:Hundred Days Offensive 4935:Battle of La Malmaison 4885:Second battle of Arras 4852:Battle of Transylvania 4706:Second Battle of Ypres 4574:Sarajevo assassination 4463:South African Republic 3860:Peaple, Simon (2023). 3805:Wynne, G. C. (1976) . 3603:Jones, H. A. (2002) . 2582: 2576: 2504:The 23rd Division had 2461: 2369: 2365: 2282: 2276: 2232: 2226: 2216: 2201: 2191: 2150: 2102: 2095: 2071: 2065: 2059: 2004: 1990: 1883: 1850: 1844: 1837: 1821:10th Bavarian Division 1741: 1647: 1631:Preliminary operations 1614: 1608: 1577: 1550: 1472:First day on the Somme 1466:First day on the Somme 1458: 1452: 1439: 1403: 1393: 1387: 1379: 1335: 1324: 1310: 1304: 1298: 1235: 1229: 1225:First day on the Somme 315:First Day on the Somme 154:Commanders and leaders 6019:Treaty of St. Germain 5992:Russia–Central Powers 5946:Sykes–Picot Agreement 5774:Pontic Greek genocide 5749:Destruction of Kalisz 5725:Eastern Mediterranean 5286:Polish–Lithuanian War 5068:Armistice of Belgrade 5038:Armistice of Salonica 4968:Operation Faustschlag 4915:Third Battle of Oituz 4837:Baranovichi offensive 4805:Lake Naroch offensive 4779:Battle of Robat Karim 4754:Vistula–Bug offensive 4729:Battles of the Isonzo 4660:First Battle of Ypres 3767:Sheldon, J. (2006) . 3678:Philpott, W. (2009). 2970:, pp. 21–22, 24. 2919:, pp. 16–17, 19. 2520:Subsequent operations 2451: 2385:Günther von Pannewitz 2354: 2306:38th (Welsh) Division 2083:17th Reserve Division 1982: 1879: 1806:During the afternoon 1733: 1643: 1573: 1435: 1381:Oberste Heeresleitung 1348:28th Reserve Division 1296:Diagram of the 26th ( 1294: 1266:38th (Welsh) Division 1210:28th Reserve Division 185:Casualties and losses 6014:Treaty of Versailles 5730:Mount Lebanon famine 5645:in the United States 5613:Russian occupations 5327:Turkish–Armenian War 5268:Polish–Ukrainian War 5208:Ukrainian–Soviet War 5155:Central Asian Revolt 4945:Armistice of Focșani 4675:Battle of Sarikamish 4625:Battle of Tannenberg 4021:Military engagements 3943:Wyrall, E. (2009) . 3879:Simpson, A. (2001). 3724:. Solihull: Helion. 3565:Gliddon, G. (1987). 2456:, commemorating the 1499:(Lieutenant-General 1375:Erich von Falkenhayn 1331:Richard von Schubert 1185:. Contalmaison is a 1159:French Army mutinies 1154:1914 Christmas truce 924:Hohenzollern Redoubt 565:Butte de Warlencourt 235:class=notpageimage| 180:17 regiments (parts) 166:Erich von Falkenhayn 93:50.01667°N 2.73333°E 6130:Battle of the Somme 6081:They shall not pass 6004:Treaty of Bucharest 5961:Treaty of Bucharest 5900:USA against Germany 5877:Declarations of war 5581:German occupations 5494:British casualties 5353:Soviet–Georgian War 5280:Egyptian Revolution 5220:Armeno-Georgian War 5084:Somaliland campaign 5043:Armistice of Mudros 4920:Battle of Caporetto 4910:Battle of Mărășești 4880:Zimmermann telegram 4875:February Revolution 4820:Battle of the Somme 4744:Bug-Narew Offensive 4719:Battle of Gallipoli 4711:Sinking of the RMS 4503:Scramble for Africa 4497:Franco-Prussian War 4153:Sinai and Palestine 3864:. Warwick: Helion. 3659:Miles, W. (1992) . 3426:, pp. 480–481. 3378:, pp. 241–242. 3306:, pp. 123–125. 3240:, pp. 103–104. 3225:, pp. 102–103. 3213:, pp. 101–102. 3057:, pp. 223–224. 2871:, pp. 379–380. 2859:, pp. 378–379. 2820:, pp. 377–378. 2793:, pp. 376–377. 2781:, pp. 375–376. 2757:, pp. 372–373. 2745:, pp. 150–151. 2733:, pp. 373–374. 2721:, pp. 316–317. 2709:, pp. 157–165. 2697:, pp. 100–103. 2673:, pp. 100–101. 2661:, pp. 46, 114. 2516:from 1 to 11 July. 2476:and the 16th Royal 2089:Night reinforcement 2063:(Cable Trench) and 1735:Battery of British 1686:A battalion of the 1654:, commander of the 1537:(Brigadier-General 1525:(Brigadier-General 1148:Associated articles 865:Hartmannswillerkopf 725:Invasion of Belgium 608:Associated articles 177:4 divisions (parts) 89: / 30:Battle of the Somme 6041:Treaty of Lausanne 5956:Paris Economy Pact 5890:UK against Germany 5820:Entry into the war 5786:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan) 5505:Ottoman casualties 5315:Franco-Turkish War 5195:Post-War conflicts 5179:Russian Revolution 5161:Invasion of Darfur 5126:Kelantan rebellion 5114:Kurdish rebellions 5090:Mexican Revolution 4930:October Revolution 4895:Kerensky offensive 4870:Capture of Baghdad 4847:Monastir offensive 4832:Brusilov offensive 4670:Battle of Kolubara 4509:Russo-Japanese War 3928:The Army Quarterly 2492:the 102nd Brigade 2462: 2439:40,197 casualties. 2103:Grossherzogsgraben 1991: 1884: 1829:3rd Guard Division 1742: 1648: 1578: 1459:sperrfeuerstreifen 1440: 1437:Bassin de la Somme 1311: 1230:Völkerbereitschaft 239:Contalmaison is a 6120:Conflicts in 1916 6107: 6106: 6090: 6089: 6074:The Golden Virgin 6068:Mutilated victory 6049: 6048: 6029:Treaty of Trianon 6024:Treaty of Neuilly 5931:Damascus Protocol 5804: 5803: 5764:Armenian genocide 5721:Allied blockades 5693:Belgian refugees 5476: 5475: 5386:Strategic bombing 5362: 5361: 5347:Franco-Syrian War 5321:Greco-Turkish War 5309:Anglo-Turkish War 5292:Polish–Soviet War 5226:German Revolution 5202:Russian Civil War 5185:Finnish Civil War 5018:Battle of Megiddo 4993:Battle of Goychay 4940:Battle of Cambrai 4900:Battle of Mărăști 4815:Battle of Jutland 4795:Erzurum offensive 4650:Siege of Przemyśl 4630:Siege of Tsingtao 4615:Battle of Galicia 4545:Second Balkan War 4533:Italo-Turkish War 4490:Pre-War conflicts 4476: 4475: 4366:Portuguese Empire 4282: 4281: 4244:German New Guinea 4226:Asian and Pacific 3954:978-1-84342-208-2 3918:978-1-907677-12-0 3892:978-1-86227-292-7 3871:978-1-912866-20-5 3845:978-1-84342-228-0 3816:978-0-8371-5029-1 3797:978-1-908916-89-1 3778:978-1-84415-269-8 3752:978-1-84342-050-7 3731:978-1-906033-76-7 3712:978-0-300-10694-7 3689:978-1-4087-0108-9 3670:978-0-901627-76-6 3644:978-1-84342-415-4 3616:978-1-84342-413-0 3595:978-0-521-89802-7 3576:978-0-947893-02-6 3557:978-0-89839-191-6 3538:978-0-89839-219-7 3519:978-1-84574-730-5 3500:978-0-89839-185-5 3478:978-0-674-01880-8 3267:, pp. 57–58. 3252:, pp. 54–57. 3201:, pp. 55–56. 3165:, pp. 96–97. 3081:, pp. 40–41. 3045:, pp. 33–34. 3021:, pp. 28–32. 3009:, pp. 28–29. 2997:, pp. 95–96. 2958:, pp. 21–22. 2946:, pp. 19–21. 2907:, pp. 15–16. 2685:, pp. 75–76. 2649:, pp. 22–26. 2637:, pp. 33–34. 2530:Operation Michael 2502:4,663 casualties. 2490:2,299 casualties, 2470:6,380 casualties. 2421:25,000 casualties 2408:12,000 casualties 2400:Fritz von Loßberg 2248: 100 troops 1915:7:20 to 8:00 a.m. 1726:British: 4–6 July 1709:3,000 casualties, 1636:British: 2–3 July 1615:Völkerberitschaft 1340:Hermann von Stein 1320:XIV Reserve Corps 1262:Operation Michael 1206:XIV Reserve Corps 1172: 1171: 998:Nivelle offensive 772:Trouée de Charmes 669: 668: 656:Thiepval Memorial 511:Flers–Courcelette 358: 357: 267: 266: 116: 115: 98:50.01667; 2.73333 6162: 6155:July 1916 events 6034:Treaty of Sèvres 5926:Treaty of London 5817: 5816: 5595:Northeast France 5526: 5525: 5498:Parliamentarians 5431: 5430: 5393:Chemical weapons 5371: 5370: 5132:Senussi campaign 5102:Muscat rebellion 5096:Maritz rebellion 5013:Vardar offensive 4842:Battle of Romani 4810:Battle of Asiago 4800:Battle of Verdun 4764:Kosovo offensive 4539:First Balkan War 4487: 4486: 4386:Russian Republic 4295: 4294: 4089: 4088: 4031:Economic history 3998: 3991: 3984: 3975: 3974: 3958: 3939: 3922: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3875: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3820: 3801: 3782: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3735: 3716: 3704: 3693: 3674: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3599: 3580: 3561: 3542: 3523: 3504: 3482: 3451: 3445: 3439: 3433: 3427: 3421: 3415: 3409: 3403: 3397: 3391: 3385: 3379: 3373: 3367: 3361: 3355: 3349: 3343: 3337: 3331: 3325: 3319: 3313: 3307: 3301: 3292: 3286: 3280: 3274: 3268: 3262: 3253: 3247: 3241: 3235: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3208: 3202: 3196: 3190: 3184: 3178: 3172: 3166: 3160: 3151: 3145: 3136: 3130: 3121: 3115: 3106: 3100: 3094: 3088: 3082: 3076: 3070: 3064: 3058: 3052: 3046: 3040: 3034: 3028: 3022: 3016: 3010: 3004: 2998: 2992: 2983: 2977: 2971: 2965: 2959: 2953: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2929: 2920: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2896: 2890: 2884: 2883:, pp. 9–10. 2878: 2872: 2866: 2860: 2854: 2848: 2842: 2833: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2806: 2800: 2794: 2788: 2782: 2776: 2770: 2764: 2758: 2752: 2746: 2740: 2734: 2728: 2722: 2716: 2710: 2704: 2698: 2692: 2686: 2680: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2656: 2650: 2644: 2638: 2632: 2626: 2620: 2604: 2593: 2587: 2585: 2579: 2573: 2569: 2564: 2558: 2556: 2550: 2515: 2514:4,771 casualties 2511: 2507: 2506:3,485 casualties 2503: 2499: 2495: 2494:2,324 casualties 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2458:16th Royal Scots 2440: 2435: 2427: 2422: 2414: 2409: 2393: 2382: 2372: 2363: 2342: 2341:3,500 casualties 2337: 2311: 2310:4,771 casualties 2302: 2297: 2293: 2292:1,211 casualties 2289: 2285: 2279: 2264:Peter Strickland 2257: 2249: 2246: 2242: 2235: 2229: 2223: 2219: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2198: 2194: 2188: 2181: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2132: 2128: 2123: 2109: 2105: 2098: 2079: 2074: 2068: 2062: 2054: 2049: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2011: 2007: 2001: 1997: 1970: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1942: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1862: 1857: 1853: 1847: 1840: 1826: 1814:German: 2–6 July 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1785: 1780:Horseshoe Trench 1777: 1773: 1769: 1761: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1744:On the night of 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1693: 1683: 1678: 1674: 1669: 1666:headquarters at 1617: 1611: 1604: 1587: 1583: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1547: 1544: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1461: 1455: 1449: 1414: 1406: 1400: 1396: 1390: 1384: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1338: 1329: 1317: 1307: 1301: 1259: 1254: 1242: 1238: 1232: 1219: 1215: 1183:Battle of Albert 1111:St Quentin Canal 706: 696: 689: 682: 673: 672: 614:Hébuterne (1915) 577:Schwaben Redoubt 397: 395: 385: 378: 371: 362: 361: 305: 303: 293: 286: 279: 270: 269: 223: 222: 216: 203: 200: 195: 192: 146: 144: 143: 133: 131: 130: 104: 103: 101: 100: 99: 94: 90: 87: 86: 85: 82: 52: 51: 44: 20: 19: 6170: 6169: 6165: 6164: 6163: 6161: 6160: 6159: 6110: 6109: 6108: 6103: 6086: 6045: 5977: 5970: 5941:Treaty of Darin 5909: 5871: 5827:Austria-Hungary 5813: 5800: 5781:Rape of Belgium 5708: 5680: 5628: 5622:Western Armenia 5617:Eastern Galicia 5550: 5524: 5488: 5487:Civilian impact 5486: 5472: 5429: 5358: 5190: 5120:Ovambo Uprising 5072: 4954: 4856: 4783: 4701:Battle of Łomża 4684: 4680:Christmas truce 4655:Race to the Sea 4588: 4550: 4472: 4443:Austria-Hungary 4419: 4354:Empire of Japan 4291: 4289: 4278: 4262:U-boat campaign 4248: 4220: 4182: 4134: 4080: 4061:Popular culture 4007: 4002: 3965: 3955: 3942: 3925: 3919: 3906: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3878: 3872: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3831: 3828: 3826:Further reading 3823: 3817: 3798: 3779: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3732: 3713: 3690: 3671: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3596: 3577: 3558: 3539: 3520: 3501: 3479: 3459: 3454: 3446: 3442: 3434: 3430: 3422: 3418: 3410: 3406: 3400:Shakespear 2001 3398: 3394: 3386: 3382: 3374: 3370: 3362: 3358: 3350: 3346: 3338: 3334: 3326: 3322: 3314: 3310: 3302: 3295: 3287: 3283: 3275: 3271: 3263: 3256: 3248: 3244: 3236: 3229: 3221: 3217: 3209: 3205: 3197: 3193: 3185: 3181: 3173: 3169: 3161: 3154: 3146: 3139: 3131: 3124: 3116: 3109: 3101: 3097: 3089: 3085: 3077: 3073: 3065: 3061: 3053: 3049: 3041: 3037: 3029: 3025: 3017: 3013: 3005: 3001: 2993: 2986: 2978: 2974: 2966: 2962: 2954: 2950: 2942: 2938: 2930: 2923: 2915: 2911: 2903: 2899: 2891: 2887: 2879: 2875: 2867: 2863: 2855: 2851: 2843: 2836: 2828: 2824: 2816: 2809: 2803:Shakespear 2001 2801: 2797: 2789: 2785: 2777: 2773: 2765: 2761: 2753: 2749: 2741: 2737: 2729: 2725: 2717: 2713: 2705: 2701: 2693: 2689: 2681: 2677: 2669: 2665: 2657: 2653: 2645: 2641: 2633: 2629: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2608: 2607: 2594: 2590: 2571: 2567: 2565: 2561: 2554: 2551: 2547: 2542: 2522: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2486:527 casualties. 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2460: 2446: 2438: 2433: 2425: 2420: 2412: 2407: 2387: 2376: 2364: 2361: 2340: 2335: 2323: 2318: 2309: 2300: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2272: 2262:(Major-General 2255: 2247: 2240: 2221: 2210: 2206: 2196: 2186: 2179: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2159: 2155: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2130: 2126: 2121: 2117: 2107: 2091: 2077: 2053:219 casualties. 2052: 2047: 2042:and one of the 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2009: 1999: 1995: 1989: 1977: 1968: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1940: 1935: 1931: 1926: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1882: 1874: 1869: 1860: 1855: 1824: 1816: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1783: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1737:60-pounder guns 1728: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1691: 1682:500 casualties. 1681: 1676: 1672: 1667: 1660:Henry Rawlinson 1646: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1602: 1585: 1581: 1576: 1568: 1559: 1555: 1545: 1542: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1474: 1468: 1453:Stützpunktlinie 1447: 1446:(Autumn Battle 1438: 1430: 1412: 1404:Stützpunktlinie 1398: 1371: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1336:Generalleutnant 1326:Generalleutnant 1315: 1309: 1289: 1283: 1278: 1257: 1252: 1240: 1217: 1213: 1175: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1145: 949:Vimy Ridge 1916 826:Race to the Sea 794:1st St. Quentin 716: 707: 702: 700: 670: 665: 651:Leipzig Salient 619:Order of Battle 605: 398: 394:Somme Offensive 393: 391: 389: 359: 354: 306: 301: 299: 297: 263: 262: 261: 260: 259: 237: 231: 230: 229: 228: 224: 201: 193: 141: 139: 128: 126: 112:British victory 97: 95: 91: 88: 83: 80: 78: 76: 75: 74: 45: 34:First World War 12: 11: 5: 6168: 6158: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6125:1916 in France 6122: 6105: 6104: 6102: 6101: 6095: 6092: 6091: 6088: 6087: 6085: 6084: 6077: 6070: 6065: 6057: 6055: 6051: 6050: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6043: 6038: 6037: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6006: 6001: 6000: 5999: 5994: 5986: 5980: 5978: 5976:Peace treaties 5975: 5972: 5971: 5969: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5917: 5915: 5911: 5910: 5908: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5881: 5879: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5869: 5864: 5862:United Kingdom 5859: 5854: 5852:Ottoman Empire 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5823: 5821: 5814: 5809: 5806: 5805: 5802: 5801: 5799: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5777: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5756: 5754:Sack of Dinant 5751: 5746: 5741: 5740: 5739: 5734: 5733: 5732: 5718: 5716: 5710: 5709: 5707: 5706: 5705: 5704: 5702:United Kingdom 5699: 5690: 5688: 5682: 5681: 5679: 5678: 5677: 5676: 5671: 5662: 5656:POW locations 5654: 5649: 5648: 5647: 5638: 5636: 5630: 5629: 5627: 5626: 5625: 5624: 5619: 5611: 5606: 5605: 5604: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5579: 5578: 5577: 5572: 5564: 5558: 5556: 5552: 5551: 5549: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5532: 5530: 5523: 5522: 5521: 5520: 5515: 5507: 5502: 5501: 5500: 5491: 5489: 5481: 5478: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5471: 5470: 5465: 5464: 5463: 5456:United Kingdom 5453: 5451:Ottoman Empire 5448: 5443: 5437: 5435: 5428: 5427: 5425:Trench warfare 5422: 5421: 5420: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5389: 5388: 5377: 5375: 5368: 5364: 5363: 5360: 5359: 5357: 5356: 5350: 5344: 5338: 5332: 5331: 5330: 5324: 5318: 5312: 5301: 5295: 5289: 5283: 5277: 5271: 5265: 5259: 5253: 5247: 5241: 5235: 5229: 5223: 5217: 5211: 5205: 5198: 5196: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5188: 5182: 5176: 5170: 5164: 5158: 5152: 5146: 5141: 5138:Volta-Bani War 5135: 5129: 5123: 5117: 5111: 5105: 5099: 5093: 5087: 5080: 5078: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4983:Zeebrugge Raid 4980: 4975: 4970: 4964: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4866: 4864: 4858: 4857: 4855: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4828: 4827: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4791: 4789: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4781: 4776: 4774:Battle of Loos 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4692: 4690: 4686: 4685: 4683: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4665:Black Sea raid 4662: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4596: 4594: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4570: 4569: 4567:Historiography 4558: 4556: 4552: 4551: 4549: 4548: 4542: 4536: 4530: 4524: 4521:Bosnian Crisis 4518: 4515:Tangier Crisis 4512: 4506: 4500: 4493: 4491: 4484: 4478: 4477: 4474: 4473: 4471: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4448:Ottoman Empire 4445: 4440: 4435: 4429: 4427: 4425:Central Powers 4421: 4420: 4418: 4417: 4412: 4411: 4410: 4408:British Empire 4403:United Kingdom 4400: 4395: 4390: 4389: 4388: 4383: 4381:Russian Empire 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4357: 4356: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4335: 4334: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4303: 4301: 4299:Entente Powers 4292: 4287: 4284: 4283: 4280: 4279: 4277: 4276: 4271: 4270: 4269: 4267:North Atlantic 4258: 4256: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4230: 4228: 4222: 4221: 4219: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4192: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4181: 4180: 4178:Central Arabia 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4144: 4142: 4140:Middle Eastern 4136: 4135: 4133: 4132: 4127: 4126: 4125: 4115: 4110: 4109: 4108: 4097: 4095: 4086: 4082: 4081: 4079: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4041:Historiography 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4012: 4009: 4008: 4001: 4000: 3993: 3986: 3978: 3972: 3971: 3964: 3963:External links 3961: 3960: 3959: 3953: 3940: 3923: 3917: 3904: 3891: 3876: 3870: 3857: 3844: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3821: 3815: 3802: 3796: 3783: 3777: 3764: 3751: 3736: 3730: 3717: 3711: 3694: 3688: 3675: 3669: 3656: 3643: 3628: 3615: 3600: 3594: 3581: 3575: 3562: 3556: 3543: 3537: 3524: 3518: 3505: 3499: 3487:Edmonds, J. E. 3483: 3477: 3465:Doughty, R. A. 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3452: 3440: 3438:, p. 319. 3428: 3416: 3404: 3392: 3380: 3368: 3356: 3354:, p. 184. 3344: 3342:, p. 128. 3332: 3320: 3318:, p. 179. 3308: 3293: 3281: 3279:, p. 104. 3269: 3254: 3242: 3227: 3215: 3203: 3191: 3179: 3167: 3152: 3137: 3122: 3120:, p. 103. 3107: 3105:, p. 224. 3095: 3083: 3071: 3059: 3047: 3035: 3023: 3011: 2999: 2984: 2972: 2960: 2948: 2936: 2934:, p. 223. 2921: 2909: 2897: 2885: 2873: 2861: 2849: 2847:, p. 379. 2834: 2832:, p. 159. 2822: 2807: 2795: 2783: 2771: 2769:, p. 307. 2759: 2747: 2735: 2723: 2711: 2699: 2687: 2675: 2663: 2651: 2639: 2635:Whitehead 2013 2627: 2625:, p. 105. 2614: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2605: 2597:Army Quarterly 2588: 2559: 2544: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2521: 2518: 2474:513 casualties 2452: 2445: 2442: 2359: 2350:I a 575 secret 2327:Army Quarterly 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312:since 1 July. 2271: 2268: 2180:10 to 11 July. 2165:104 casualties 2133:from RIR 122. 2116: 2113: 2090: 2087: 2017: 2014: 1983: 1976: 1973: 1964:400 casualties 1880: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1861:225 casualties 1815: 1812: 1739:, Contalmaison 1734: 1727: 1724: 1644: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1574: 1567: 1564: 1539:Trevor Tiernan 1478: 1477:III Corps plan 1475: 1470:Main article: 1467: 1464: 1436: 1429: 1426: 1370: 1367: 1295: 1285:Main article: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1248:(14–17 July). 1170: 1169: 1167: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1144: 1143: 1141:Lys and Escaut 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1082: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1043: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1021: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 995: 988: 977: 976: 971: 966: 961: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 910: 909: 904: 899: 894: 889: 888: 887: 877: 872: 870:Neuve Chapelle 867: 862: 851: 850: 845: 843:Winter actions 840: 839: 838: 833: 823: 818: 813: 808: 806:Grand Couronné 803: 798: 797: 796: 791: 786: 776: 775: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 744: 743: 742: 737: 732: 722: 712: 709: 708: 699: 698: 691: 684: 676: 667: 666: 664: 663: 658: 653: 648: 647: 646: 644:Hawthorn Ridge 641: 636: 626: 621: 616: 604: 603: 602: 601: 599:Beaumont-Hamel 591: 590: 589: 584: 579: 569: 568: 567: 562: 557: 547: 545:Thiepval Ridge 542: 541: 540: 535: 530: 520: 519: 518: 508: 503: 498: 497: 496: 486: 481: 480: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 452:Bazentin Ridge 449: 448: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 417: 403: 400: 399: 388: 387: 380: 373: 365: 356: 355: 353: 352: 347: 342: 337: 332: 327: 322: 317: 311: 308: 307: 296: 295: 288: 281: 273: 265: 264: 238: 233: 232: 226: 225: 218: 217: 211: 210: 209: 208: 205: 204: 196: 187: 186: 182: 181: 178: 174: 173: 169: 168: 162: 156: 155: 151: 150: 137: 135:British Empire 123: 122: 118: 117: 114: 113: 110: 106: 105: 66: 64: 60: 59: 58:2–10 July 1916 56: 48: 47: 37: 36: 25: 24: 18: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6167: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6117: 6115: 6100: 6097: 6096: 6093: 6083: 6082: 6078: 6076: 6075: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6063: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6052: 6042: 6039: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6011: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5989: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5981: 5979: 5973: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5918: 5916: 5912: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5878: 5874: 5868: 5867:United States 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5818: 5815: 5812: 5807: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5761: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5738: 5735: 5731: 5728: 5727: 5726: 5723: 5722: 5720: 5719: 5717: 5715: 5711: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5694: 5692: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5683: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5657: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5646: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5631: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5603: 5602: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5559: 5557: 5553: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5527: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5510: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5499: 5496: 5495: 5493: 5492: 5490: 5484: 5479: 5469: 5468:United States 5466: 5462: 5459: 5458: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5432: 5426: 5423: 5419: 5418:Convoy system 5416: 5415: 5414: 5413:Naval warfare 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5387: 5384: 5383: 5382: 5379: 5378: 5376: 5372: 5369: 5365: 5354: 5351: 5348: 5345: 5342: 5339: 5336: 5333: 5328: 5325: 5322: 5319: 5316: 5313: 5310: 5307: 5306: 5305: 5302: 5299: 5296: 5293: 5290: 5287: 5284: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5272: 5269: 5266: 5263: 5260: 5257: 5254: 5251: 5248: 5245: 5242: 5239: 5236: 5233: 5230: 5227: 5224: 5221: 5218: 5215: 5212: 5209: 5206: 5203: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5193: 5186: 5183: 5180: 5177: 5174: 5173:Kaocen revolt 5171: 5168: 5167:Easter Rising 5165: 5162: 5159: 5156: 5153: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5139: 5136: 5133: 5130: 5127: 5124: 5121: 5118: 5115: 5112: 5109: 5106: 5103: 5100: 5097: 5094: 5091: 5088: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5075: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4957: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4859: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4826: 4823: 4822: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4786: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4739:Great Retreat 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4714: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4693: 4691: 4687: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4610:Battle of Cer 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4597: 4595: 4591: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4568: 4565: 4564: 4563: 4560: 4559: 4557: 4553: 4546: 4543: 4540: 4537: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4527:Agadir Crisis 4525: 4522: 4519: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4507: 4504: 4501: 4498: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4479: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4422: 4416: 4415:United States 4413: 4409: 4406: 4405: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4378: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4355: 4352: 4351: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4333: 4332:French Empire 4330: 4329: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4296: 4293: 4285: 4275: 4274:Mediterranean 4272: 4268: 4265: 4264: 4263: 4260: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4254:Naval warfare 4251: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4223: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4185: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4137: 4131: 4130:Italian Front 4128: 4124: 4121: 4120: 4119: 4118:Eastern Front 4116: 4114: 4113:Western Front 4111: 4107: 4104: 4103: 4102: 4099: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4090: 4087: 4083: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4071:Puppet states 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4013: 4010: 4006: 3999: 3994: 3992: 3987: 3985: 3980: 3979: 3976: 3970: 3967: 3966: 3956: 3950: 3946: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3924: 3920: 3914: 3910: 3905: 3894: 3888: 3884: 3883: 3877: 3873: 3867: 3863: 3858: 3847: 3841: 3837: 3836: 3830: 3829: 3818: 3812: 3808: 3803: 3799: 3793: 3789: 3784: 3780: 3774: 3770: 3765: 3754: 3748: 3744: 3743: 3737: 3733: 3727: 3723: 3718: 3714: 3708: 3703: 3702: 3695: 3691: 3685: 3681: 3676: 3672: 3666: 3662: 3657: 3646: 3640: 3636: 3635: 3629: 3618: 3612: 3608: 3607: 3601: 3597: 3591: 3587: 3582: 3578: 3572: 3568: 3563: 3559: 3553: 3549: 3544: 3540: 3534: 3530: 3525: 3521: 3515: 3511: 3506: 3502: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3461: 3449: 3448:Edmonds 1993a 3444: 3437: 3432: 3425: 3420: 3414:, p. 17. 3413: 3408: 3402:, p. 52. 3401: 3396: 3389: 3384: 3377: 3372: 3365: 3364:Philpott 2009 3360: 3353: 3348: 3341: 3336: 3330:, p. 27. 3329: 3324: 3317: 3312: 3305: 3300: 3298: 3290: 3285: 3278: 3273: 3266: 3261: 3259: 3251: 3246: 3239: 3234: 3232: 3224: 3219: 3212: 3207: 3200: 3195: 3189:, p. 24. 3188: 3183: 3177:, p. 96. 3176: 3171: 3164: 3159: 3157: 3150:, p. 57. 3149: 3144: 3142: 3135:, p. 55. 3134: 3129: 3127: 3119: 3114: 3112: 3104: 3099: 3093:, p. 41. 3092: 3087: 3080: 3075: 3069:, p. 31. 3068: 3063: 3056: 3051: 3044: 3039: 3033:, p. 28. 3032: 3027: 3020: 3015: 3008: 3003: 2996: 2991: 2989: 2982:, p. 95. 2981: 2976: 2969: 2964: 2957: 2952: 2945: 2940: 2933: 2928: 2926: 2918: 2913: 2906: 2901: 2895:, p. 15. 2894: 2889: 2882: 2877: 2870: 2865: 2858: 2853: 2846: 2841: 2839: 2831: 2826: 2819: 2814: 2812: 2805:, p. 39. 2804: 2799: 2792: 2787: 2780: 2775: 2768: 2763: 2756: 2751: 2744: 2739: 2732: 2727: 2720: 2715: 2708: 2707:Philpott 2009 2703: 2696: 2691: 2684: 2679: 2672: 2667: 2660: 2655: 2648: 2643: 2636: 2631: 2624: 2619: 2615: 2602: 2598: 2592: 2584: 2578: 2577:Roerdergraben 2563: 2549: 2545: 2537: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2517: 2467: 2459: 2455: 2450: 2441: 2431: 2416: 2403: 2401: 2397: 2391: 2386: 2380: 2375: 2371: 2358: 2353: 2351: 2345: 2336:5 to 10 July, 2331: 2328: 2313: 2307: 2284: 2283:Latorffgraben 2278: 2267: 2265: 2261: 2253: 2237: 2234: 2233:Latorffgraben 2228: 2218: 2217:Roerdergraben 2211:100 prisoners 2209:having taken 2203: 2193: 2182: 2169:168 unwounded 2152: 2134: 2131:188 prisoners 2112: 2104: 2097: 2086: 2084: 2073: 2067: 2061: 2055: 2045: 2041: 2035: 2013: 2006: 1987: 1981: 1972: 1944: 1923: 1907: 1904: 1878: 1864: 1852: 1846: 1839: 1833: 1830: 1822: 1811: 1809: 1796:33 battalions 1789: 1784:200 prisoners 1781: 1763: 1738: 1732: 1723: 1721: 1715: 1689: 1684: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1642: 1623: 1619: 1616: 1610: 1609:Pioneergraben 1600: 1599:21st Division 1594: 1592: 1572: 1563: 1552: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1523:101st Brigade 1519: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1508:34th Division 1504: 1502: 1498: 1473: 1463: 1460: 1454: 1445: 1434: 1425: 1423: 1418: 1408: 1405: 1395: 1389: 1383: 1382: 1376: 1366: 1362: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1332: 1328: 1327: 1321: 1306: 1300: 1293: 1288: 1273: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1249: 1247: 1237: 1236:Pioneergraben 1231: 1226: 1220: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1151: 1150: 1149: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1116:Meuse-Argonne 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1059: 1055: 1054: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1048: 1047: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1030:Passchendaele 1028: 1026: 1023: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 1000: 999: 996: 994: 993: 989: 987: 984: 983: 982: 981: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 916: 915: 914: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 895: 893: 892:2nd Champagne 890: 886: 883: 882: 881: 878: 876: 873: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 860:1st Champagne 858: 857: 856: 855: 849: 846: 844: 841: 837: 834: 832: 829: 828: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 812: 809: 807: 804: 802: 799: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 781: 780: 779:Great Retreat 777: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 749: 748: 745: 741: 738: 736: 733: 731: 728: 727: 726: 723: 721: 718: 717: 715: 710: 705: 704:Western Front 697: 692: 690: 685: 683: 678: 677: 674: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 632: 631: 630: 629:Mines, 1 July 627: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 611: 610: 609: 600: 597: 596: 595: 592: 588: 587:Regina Trench 585: 583: 582:Stuff Redoubt 580: 578: 575: 574: 573: 572:Ancre Heights 570: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 552: 551: 548: 546: 543: 539: 536: 534: 531: 529: 526: 525: 524: 521: 517: 514: 513: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 495: 492: 491: 490: 487: 485: 484:Delville Wood 482: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 454: 453: 450: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 412: 411: 408: 407: 406: 401: 396: 386: 381: 379: 374: 372: 367: 366: 363: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 312: 309: 304: 294: 289: 287: 282: 280: 275: 274: 271: 257: 253: 249: 246: 242: 236: 215: 206: 197: 194: 12,000 189: 188: 183: 179: 176: 175: 170: 167: 163: 161: 158: 157: 152: 149: 148:German Empire 138: 136: 125: 124: 119: 111: 108: 107: 102: 73: 69: 65: 62: 61: 57: 54: 53: 49: 43: 38: 35: 31: 26: 21: 16: 6079: 6072: 6060: 5667: / 5599: 5434:Conscription 5398:Cryptography 5335:Iraqi Revolt 4769:Siege of Kut 4712: 4290:participants 4239:German Samoa 4173:South Arabia 3944: 3927: 3908: 3896:. Retrieved 3881: 3861: 3849:. Retrieved 3834: 3806: 3787: 3768: 3756:. Retrieved 3741: 3721: 3700: 3679: 3660: 3648:. Retrieved 3633: 3620:. Retrieved 3605: 3585: 3566: 3547: 3528: 3509: 3490: 3468: 3443: 3431: 3419: 3407: 3395: 3388:Edmonds 1993 3383: 3371: 3359: 3352:Sheldon 2006 3347: 3335: 3323: 3316:Sheldon 2006 3311: 3291:, p. 5. 3284: 3272: 3245: 3218: 3206: 3194: 3182: 3170: 3098: 3086: 3074: 3062: 3050: 3038: 3026: 3014: 3002: 2975: 2963: 2951: 2939: 2912: 2900: 2888: 2876: 2869:Edmonds 1993 2864: 2857:Edmonds 1993 2852: 2845:Edmonds 1993 2830:Sheldon 2006 2825: 2818:Edmonds 1993 2798: 2791:Edmonds 1993 2786: 2779:Edmonds 1993 2774: 2767:Edmonds 1993 2762: 2755:Edmonds 1993 2750: 2738: 2731:Edmonds 1993 2726: 2719:Edmonds 1993 2714: 2702: 2690: 2683:Sheldon 2006 2678: 2666: 2659:Doughty 2005 2654: 2647:Sheldon 2006 2642: 2630: 2623:Gliddon 1987 2618: 2600: 2596: 2591: 2562: 2548: 2523: 2463: 2434:2 to 13 July 2429: 2428:the British 2426:2 to 4 July, 2417: 2404: 2383:and General 2374:Paul Grünert 2370:Generalmajor 2366: 2355: 2349: 2346: 2332: 2326: 2324: 2273: 2260:1st Division 2238: 2183: 2151:Kaisergraben 2135: 2118: 2092: 2072:Kaisergraben 2066:Roedergraben 2056: 2044:51st Brigade 2040:50th Brigade 2036: 2019: 1992: 1945: 1924: 1908: 1902: 1885: 1851:Kaisergraben 1838:Kaisergraben 1834: 1817: 1788:68th Brigade 1779: 1764: 1751:4 to 6 July, 1743: 1720:52nd Brigade 1716: 1688:62nd Brigade 1685: 1652:Douglas Haig 1649: 1620: 1595: 1579: 1551:Kaisergraben 1520: 1505: 1501:Hubert Gough 1497:Reserve Army 1492:107 minutes. 1480: 1441: 1422:a brown suit 1421: 1415:like French 1409: 1372: 1363: 1356:20 prisoners 1312: 1250: 1221: 1214:20 prisoners 1200:in northern 1178: 1176: 1147: 1146: 1106:Saint-Mihiel 1074:Belleau Wood 1057: 1045: 1044: 1035:La Malmaison 991: 979: 978: 944:Kink Salient 912: 911: 907:Gas: Wieltje 853: 852: 713: 607: 606: 494:Mouquet Farm 440:La Boisselle 435:Contalmaison 434: 404: 345:Contalmaison 344: 340:La Boisselle 227:Contalmaison 202: 4,000 160:Douglas Haig 121:Belligerents 28:Part of the 15: 5697:Netherlands 5674:Switzerland 5555:Occupations 5546:Spanish flu 5323:(1919–1922) 5317:(1918–1921) 5311:(1918–1923) 5300:(1919–1921) 5294:(1919–1921) 5288:(1919–1920) 5264:(1918–1920) 5258:(1918–1920) 5252:(1918–1920) 5234:(1918–1920) 5216:(1918–1920) 5210:(1917–1921) 5204:(1917–1921) 5151:(1916-1918) 5149:Arab Revolt 5140:(1915–1917) 5134:(1915–1917) 5122:(1914-1917) 5116:(1914–1917) 5110:(1914–1921) 5104:(1913–1920) 5092:(1910–1920) 5086:(1900–1920) 4584:July Crisis 4505:(1880–1914) 4168:Mesopotamia 4046:Home fronts 4005:World War I 3436:Jones 2002a 3376:Harris 2009 3289:Rogers 2010 3277:Rogers 2010 3238:Rogers 2010 3223:Rogers 2010 3211:Rogers 2010 3175:Rogers 2010 3163:Rogers 2010 3118:Rogers 2010 2995:Rogers 2010 2980:Rogers 2010 2388: [ 2377: [ 2301:11:20 p.m., 2277:Kabelgraben 2252:box barrage 2227:Kabelgraben 2207:358 losses, 2173:100 wounded 2129:and taking 2078:50 per cent 2060:Kabelgraben 1936:10:00 a.m., 1692:11:30 a.m., 1664:Fourth Army 1527:Robert Gore 1488:22 minutes, 1388:Kampfgraben 1360:21 wounded. 1299:Württemberg 1258:40,197 men. 1253:12,000 more 1218:21 wounded. 1212:which took 1126:2nd Cambrai 964:Boar's Head 954:Mont Sorrel 661:Ancre, 1917 624:Boar's Head 550:Le Transloy 538:Gueudecourt 516:Martinpuich 462:Trônes Wood 350:Trônes Wood 254:, northern 96: / 6114:Categories 5914:Agreements 5714:War crimes 5590:Luxembourg 5483:Casualties 4361:Montenegro 4196:South West 4076:Technology 4066:Propaganda 4056:Opposition 3457:References 3412:Miles 1992 3328:Miles 1992 3265:Miles 1992 3250:Miles 1992 3199:Miles 1992 3187:Miles 1992 3148:Miles 1992 3133:Miles 1992 3103:Jones 2002 3091:Miles 1992 3079:Miles 1992 3067:Miles 1992 3055:Jones 2002 3043:Miles 1992 3031:Miles 1992 3019:Miles 1992 3007:Miles 1992 2968:Miles 1992 2956:Miles 1992 2944:Miles 1992 2932:Jones 2002 2917:Miles 1992 2905:Miles 1992 2893:Miles 1992 2881:Miles 1992 2695:Wynne 1976 2671:Wynne 1976 2583:Quergraben 2572:3:30 p.m., 2555:14 horses. 2478:Scots 466. 2466:casualties 2444:Casualties 2396:XVII Corps 2325:In a 1925 2202:Quergraben 2192:Quergraben 2146:200 troops 2122:4:00 p.m., 2048:11:20 p.m. 2005:Quergraben 1986:3 Squadron 1969:6:00 p.m., 1956:8:00 p.m., 1952:6:20 p.m., 1927:9:15 a.m., 1845:Quergraben 1808:3 Squadron 1772:10:00 a.m. 1760:12:45 a.m. 1713:1,000 men. 1677:11:30 a.m. 1668:10:30 a.m. 1560:10:10 a.m. 1556:8:58 a.m., 1546:48 minutes 1543:8:18 a.m., 1484:85 minutes 1442:After the 1394:Wohngraben 1377:, head of 1352:11:00 a.m. 1316:72 houses, 1276:Background 1241:6,380 men, 1223:July, the 1194:department 939:Wulverghem 902:3rd Artois 880:2nd Artois 848:1st Artois 501:Guillemont 445:Gommecourt 330:Gommecourt 248:department 84:02°44′00″E 81:50°01′00″N 5811:Diplomacy 5518:Olympians 5441:Australia 5408:Logistics 5341:Vlora War 5270:(1918–19) 5246:(1918–19) 5240:(1918–19) 5228:(1918–19) 5175:(1916–17) 5157:(1916–17) 5108:Zaian War 5098:(1914–15) 4825:first day 4713:Lusitania 4541:(1912–13) 4535:(1911–12) 4523:(1908–09) 4517:(1905–06) 4499:(1870–71) 4288:Principal 4148:Gallipoli 4051:Memorials 4036:Geography 4026:Aftermath 3701:The Somme 3489:(1993) . 2611:Footnotes 2568:1:30 p.m. 2413:17 German 2316:Aftermath 2296:3,485 men 2288:1,000 men 2256:9:00 p.m. 2241:5:30 p.m. 2222:8:00 p.m. 2205:III with 2197:5:00 p.m. 2158:but only 2156:4:50 p.m. 2142:3:20 a.m. 2108:2:30 a.m. 2031:8:15 p.m. 2027:4:30 p.m. 2023:6:15 p.m. 2010:3:00 a.m. 1996:6:15 p.m. 1960:5:30 p.m. 1948:5:00 p.m. 1941:8:00 p.m. 1932:8:00 a.m. 1919:8:00 a.m. 1911:7:00 a.m. 1899:7/8 July, 1894:35-minute 1889:2:00 a.m. 1856:6/7 July, 1825:2/3 July. 1792:15 German 1776:6:00 p.m. 1768:6:45 a.m. 1746:3/4 July, 1697:2:00 p.m. 1673:9:00 a.m. 1603:7:48 a.m. 1582:7:30 a.m. 1417:Hotchkiss 1413:25 shots, 1121:5th Ypres 1101:2nd Somme 1079:2nd Marne 1069:3rd Aisne 1018:The Hills 1013:2nd Aisne 974:Fromelles 969:1st Somme 919:The Bluff 885:Hébuterne 875:2nd Ypres 836:1st Ypres 816:1st Aisne 811:1st Marne 784:Le Cateau 762:Charleroi 747:Frontiers 634:Lochnagar 477:High Wood 472:Fromelles 457:Longueval 420:Montauban 415:First day 320:Montauban 32:, in the 6099:Category 5686:Refugees 5652:Italians 5641:Germans 5601:Ober Ost 5381:Aviation 4482:Timeline 4453:Bulgaria 4234:Tsingtao 4211:Togoland 4158:Caucasus 4093:European 4085:Theatres 3898:23 March 3851:25 March 3758:30 March 3650:30 March 3622:30 March 3467:(2005). 2603:in 2010. 2360:— 2321:Analysis 2177:855 from 2138:600 men. 2096:Leutnant 2000:6–12 men 1756:4/5 July 1705:200 more 1650:General 1131:Courtrai 1086:Soissons 1025:Messines 992:Alberich 801:Maubeuge 757:Ardennes 752:Lorraine 720:Moresnet 555:Eaucourt 533:Lesbœufs 489:Pozières 467:Ovillers 430:Fricourt 335:Fricourt 172:Strength 164:General 63:Location 5837:Germany 5737:Germany 5665:Germany 5585:Belgium 5570:Albania 5529:Disease 5509:Sports 5461:Ireland 5374:Warfare 5367:Aspects 4562:Origins 4555:Prelude 4458:Senussi 4438:Germany 4433:Leaders 4371:Romania 4312:Belgium 4307:Leaders 4206:Kamerun 4188:African 4123:Romania 4101:Balkans 4016:Outline 3936:7295943 2510:855 men 2482:477 men 2270:11 July 2220:and at 2187:125 men 2127:155 men 2115:10 July 1804:by 2:1. 1800:40 were 1701:600 men 1662:at the 1626:Prelude 1399:25 men. 1198:Picardy 1189:in the 1187:commune 1096:Ailette 1064:The Lys 1058:Michael 1040:Cambrai 934:Hulluch 929:St Eloi 821:Antwerp 560:Le Sars 528:Combles 252:Picardy 243:in the 241:commune 68:Picardy 5857:Russia 5832:France 5660:Canada 5575:Serbia 5446:Canada 5403:Horses 5355:(1921) 5349:(1920) 5343:(1920) 5337:(1920) 5329:(1920) 5282:(1919) 5276:(1919) 5222:(1918) 5187:(1918) 5181:(1917) 5169:(1916) 5163:(1916) 5128:(1915) 4547:(1913) 4529:(1911) 4511:(1905) 4468:Darfur 4393:Serbia 4376:Russia 4339:Greece 4327:France 4317:Brazil 4163:Persia 4106:Serbia 3951: 3934: 3915: 3889: 3868: 3842: 3813: 3794: 3775: 3749: 3728: 3709: 3686: 3667: 3641: 3613: 3592: 3573: 3554: 3535: 3516: 3497: 3475: 2498:1,968. 2430:lacked 2160:16 men 2016:9 July 1975:8 July 1872:7 July 1867:Battle 1586:80 per 1566:1 July 1344:Amiens 1202:France 1136:Sambre 1091:Amiens 959:Verdun 789:Étreux 735:Dinant 523:Morval 506:Ginchy 425:Mametz 410:Albert 325:Mametz 256:France 145: 132: 109:Result 72:France 6054:Other 5847:Japan 5842:Italy 5669:camps 5513:Rugby 4349:Japan 4344:Italy 4322:China 4216:North 2540:Notes 2392:] 2381:] 1954:then 1333:then 1305:Baden 1191:Somme 1003:Arras 986:Ancre 740:Namur 730:Liège 639:Y Sap 594:Ancre 245:Somme 5634:POWs 4960:1918 4862:1917 4788:1916 4689:1915 4593:1914 4398:Siam 4201:East 3949:ISBN 3932:OCLC 3913:ISBN 3900:2016 3887:ISBN 3866:ISBN 3853:2016 3840:ISBN 3811:ISBN 3792:ISBN 3773:ISBN 3760:2016 3747:ISBN 3726:ISBN 3707:ISBN 3684:ISBN 3665:ISBN 3652:2016 3639:ISBN 3624:2016 3611:ISBN 3590:ISBN 3571:ISBN 3552:ISBN 3533:ISBN 3514:ISBN 3495:ISBN 3473:ISBN 2586:III. 2580:and 2280:and 2230:and 2171:and 1903:Lehr 1428:1916 1369:1915 1281:1914 1177:The 1046:1918 1008:Vimy 980:1917 913:1916 897:Loos 854:1915 831:Yser 767:Mons 714:1914 55:Date 2266:). 1988:RFC 1580:At 1196:in 250:of 6116:: 3296:^ 3257:^ 3230:^ 3155:^ 3140:^ 3125:^ 3110:^ 2987:^ 2924:^ 2837:^ 2810:^ 2390:de 2379:de 2245:c. 1272:. 199:c. 191:c. 70:, 5485:/ 3997:e 3990:t 3983:v 3957:. 3938:. 3921:. 3902:. 3874:. 3855:. 3819:. 3800:. 3781:. 3762:. 3734:. 3715:. 3692:. 3673:. 3654:. 3626:. 3598:. 3579:. 3560:. 3541:. 3522:. 3503:. 3481:. 2394:( 1322:( 695:e 688:t 681:v 384:e 377:t 370:v 292:e 285:t 278:v 258:.

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Knowledge

Capture of Contalmaison

Index