Capture of Trônes Wood

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Joffre's objections. The Fourth Army would continue the attack between Montauban and Fricourt, before attacking the German second position, from Longueval to Bazentin-le-Petit, as the Reserve Army advanced north-east towards Pozières. The attack front was shortened by 3.1 mi (5 km) and XIII Corps and XV Corps were to consolidate their positions, then advance towards Trônes Wood and Mametz Wood. Front-line officers in XIII Corps reported that German resistance was weak and that delay would give the defence time to recover. Congreve, the XIII Corps commander, instructed the 30th Division and 9th (Scottish) Division commanders to capture Trônes Wood, before a general attack on the Fourth Army front intended for 10 July. A local attack was planned, in support of the French, for the morning of 7 July, on high ground at Maltz Horn Farm and Hardecourt, which overlooked the south end of Trônes Wood. The attack was postponed, after a German counter-attack on 6 July, recaptured part of Favières Wood further south, which delayed French preparations by

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ground which had some defensive potential. British, French and German troops endured enormous strain, their discipline and endurance being tested "to the limit" and each crisis in the German defence merged with the next. Philpott wrote that Haig underestimated the German reserves available by half but that they were in chaos, as Haig had believed and that by resorting to smaller attacks, Haig and Rawlinson had concentrated British artillery on smaller and shallower objectives, although this had led to piecemeal attacks which were easier to oppose. Falkenhayn's policy of unyielding defence condemned the German army to attrition, such as that experienced at Trônes Wood. The first British attack on the wood, was delayed by a German counter-attack on

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north and south, who by using their many machine-guns skilfully, eventually took the wood in a "model operation". Harris criticised the delegation of responsibility in the Fourth Army, blaming this for piecemeal attacks, not supported by all of the army artillery, against concentrated German artillery-fire. Multi-division attacks could take a week to prepare, a delay which would have been more help to the defence, than constant British attacks and German counter-attacks, which were even more hurried and disorganised than British efforts. Harris called the attack of 14 July on the XIII Corps front "possibly disastrous", because of the menace of German troops in Trônes Wood, to the 9th (Scottish) Division attack on Longueval.

1199:, fought by the British Fourth Army and the German 2nd Army, during the Battle of the Somme. Trônes Wood lay on the northern slope of Montauban ridge, between Bernafay Wood and Guillemont. The wood dominated the southern approach to Longueval and Trônes Alley, a German communication trench between Bernafay Wood and the northern tip of Trônes Wood to Guillemont. A light railway ran through the centre, which was in a dip formed by the east end of Caterpillar Valley sloping away to the west. The wood was pear-shaped, with a base about 400 yd (370 m) wide on Montauban ridge, the rest of the wood running north for about 1,400 yd (1,300 m), coming to a point on a rise towards 247: 1356:

18th (Eastern) Division battalions were dispersed around the salient and German bombardments on La Briqueterie, Trônes Wood, Maltz Horn Farm and Maricourt, had cut telephone communication; no time remained to arrange visual signalling or reconnaissance. The 55th Brigade commander planned for a battalion to attack from the south and occupy the southern half of the wood, an attack by another battalion from Longueval Alley on the north end of the wood above the railway, while a third battalion in Maltz Horn Trench attacked north, to take the strong point at the south-east end of the wood, with the fourth battalion carrying stores to forward dumps. The attack was to start at

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positions had been overrun and much of the German artillery in the area had been destroyed. The German policy of unyielding defence led to reinforcements being committed piecemeal as soon as they arrived and no reserve to make an organised counter-attack could be accumulated. Prior and Wilson called this practice as "inept" as British methods, compared to tactical withdrawals to shorten the line and create reserves. The equivalent British unrelenting attacks, led to poor planning and co-ordination, only succeeding because of the difficulties it imposed on the German defence (sic).

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the south-eastern edge and dug in when unable to advance further. The rest of the battalion entered the wood on the left and drew back both flanks to the western edge, sending patrols into the wood, which met the German troops reinforced from Guillemont. Reserve Infantry Regiment 106 of the 123rd Division had been held back when the 12th Reserve Division had been relieved but three companies had been sent forward to the area around Guillemont by 11 July, where they met German troops from the wood. Both groups advanced again at

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with the French. As the British approached in dead ground, the French bombed north, up the trench, diverting the German garrison as the British rushed the trench frontally and then repulsed a small counter-attack from the farm. A German counter-attack in the evening from the north end of the wood was also defeated. The captured trench was on the forward slope of Hardecourt Knoll and overnight, German troops dug in on the reverse slope 300 yd (270 m) beyond. Maltz Horn Farm lay between the two lines and at

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ground from which to begin the second British general attack of the Battle of the Somme, against the German second position from Longueval to Bazentin le Petit on 14 July. The German defenders fought according to a policy of unyielding defence and immediate counter-attack to regain lost ground, intended to delay the Anglo-French advance south of the Albert–Bapaume road and give time for reinforcements sent to the Somme front to arrive.

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corner of the wood and caused many casualties. Attempts to continue the advance failed, the survivors withdrew to Bernafay Wood and efforts by bombers to move along Trônes Alley also failed. Troops of the French 39th Division captured Hardecourt Knoll and the adjacent part of Maltz Horn Trench, which left their left flank vulnerable to fire from the rest of the trench north of Maltz Horn Farm and to machine-guns in the wood.

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abandoned and after dark, the survivors were sent to reinforce the troops in the wood. III Battalion, Reserve Infantry Regiment 106 arrived overnight and sent a company to the north-western edge. The British 30th Division was relieved early on 13 July by the 18th (Eastern) Division, the 55th Brigade taking over at Maltz Horn Trench and Trônes Wood, ready to attack at

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British was 1,100–1,500 yd (1,000–1,400 m) wide and under German observation but the western approach from Bernafay Wood, held by the 9th (Scottish) Division was not visible form Longueval. An attack could then be made from the south-west on Maltz Horn Farm, out of view of the German second position. On 9 July the 30th Division plan was to attack at

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line. By evening the western edge was held by German troops and the reinforcements, most of the south-western corner had been retaken and all of the south, with posts at the fringe and the bulk of the garrison in Central Trench. The rest of I Battalion, Reserve Infantry Regiment 106 was ordered into the wood, to attack south from the railway line at

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of Guillemont, pinning down two of the II Battalion companies. The survivors of Reserve Infantry Regiment 51 were formed into two composite companies, behind two of the II Battalion companies which had arrived; two companies to attack north of the railway and two to the south. Packs were left behind because of the undergrowth in the wood and at

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area on 6/7 July. The division was to mount a counter-attack from Hardecourt to Longueval but after seven days in the line, the Anglo-French attack on 8 July had exhausted the 12th Reserve Division and the 123rd Division was hurried forward to relieve it. (British reconnaissance aircraft observed the

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Consolidation began by linking a line of shell-holes, which lay beyond the eastern fringe of the wood. The German 24th Reserve Division from Champagne, had reached the Somme front on 14 July and Reserve Infantry Regiment 107 was ordered to retake Trônes Wood. At Guillemont the regiment was ordered to

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decided that the simplest plan was needed and ordered an advance from south to north, with a defensive flank along the eastern edge of the wood being formed during the attack. The two nearest battalions were ordered forward, with the commander of the 12th Middlesex Battalion, Lieutenant-Colonel F. A.

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German artillery behind Guillemont and Longueval bombarded the wood as II Battalion, Infantry Regiment 182 moved from Ginchy to the second line trench from Guillemont to Waterlot Farm. The move was spotted by the observers in British aircraft, from which a bombardment was called down on the east side

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after a two-hour artillery bombardment, concentrated on Central Trench and the diggings facing Longueval Trench in the north. One battalion was to consolidate the eastern fringe of the wood below the railway line, with machine-gun posts every 100 yd (91 m) and the other battalion the fringe

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After a preliminary bombardment on 8 July, XIII Corps was to occupy the south end of Trônes Wood, Maltz Horn Trench and capture Maltz Horn Farm, as the French 39th Division on the right took the rest of Maltz Horn Trench, up to Hardecourt knoll and from there to Hardecourt. No man's land opposite the

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By the beginning of the Battle of Bazentin Ridge (14–17 July) all the trees in Trônes Wood had been toppled, with only low stumps remaining. Tree trunks, barbed wire and human remains lay everywhere, the ground open and easily observed from German positions. Attacks from the wood on Guillemont began

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after a delay at the light railway to capture a machine-gun nest. German troops pushed north by the advance tried to retreat to Guillemont, covered by four machine-guns at the eastern edge but lost many casualties to British infantry fire from the defensive flank and the strong point, which had been

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was ineffective and the survivors withdrew with their wounded, except for a platoon which had bombed along Longueval Alley and dug in at the apex of the wood. XIII Corps HQ received a report after midnight when the British general attack on 14 July was due to begin in three hours. The 18th (Eastern)

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Relief of exhausted troops in the wood was delayed and some retired too soon, leaving posts unoccupied. British troops were able to re-enter the wood unopposed; the German attack was cancelled and the troops used to reinforce the defence. The British moved to the south-eastern edge facing Guillemont

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British troops had taken ground near Maltz Horn Trench and German parties nearby withdrew to the area south of Guillemont. A further advance by the British was stopped by fire from the south-east of the wood. More German troops reached the wood at midday and occupied the north end beyond the railway

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and prevented the troops still in the wood from being outflanked. The main German body in the wood occupied posts along Central Trench, from where the British troops were not seen in the half-light, until 400 yd (370 m) from the wood. Machine-gun fire from the strong point at Trônes Alley,

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being sent back to Guillemont. The German troops along the western and southern fringes of the wood were organised into three groups, one near the light railway, one along the south-western edge and one along the southern fringe. Trônes Alley was blocked and the remnants of Infantry Regiment 51 were

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moved up along the light railway, formed a skirmish line with the other troops present and advanced into south end of the wood. Dead British and German troops were "everywhere" and a small German garrison was found in Central Trench, among dead South African Scottish. Small posts were left along the

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a British battalion from the 90th Brigade advanced from La Briqueterie; the Germans in the wood were on the west side and despite German artillery-fire the British reached the wood with few casualties. German snipers in the trees and bombers lurking in the undergrowth, harassed the British troops as

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after a bombardment of the German trench in the south-west corner of the wood. The troops found that the Germans had been driven out of the trench by the artillery and entered the wood with few casualties, as a company moved from La Briqueterie up a sunken road towards Maltz Horn Farm, to gain touch

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of the 21st Brigade (30th Division) moved through Bernafay Wood and formed up along the eastern fringe, then began an advance to the south end of Trônes Wood 400 yd (370 m) away. As the battalion topped a rise mid-way to the wood, massed small-arms fire came from a trench in the south-west

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Bernafay Wood is on the north side of the D 64, Montauban–Guillemont road and east of the D 197, Maricourt–Longueval road, 980 ft (300 m) west of Trônes Wood. In 1916, it was in the area of the left of the 28th Reserve Division, the right of the 12th Division and Bavarian Reserve Infantry

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British battalions attacking each day. Artillery support was poorly co-ordinated, with guns of neighbouring corps not firing in support of attacks which were within range but German artillery and infantry was concentrated against small parts of the front, creating a great local density of shell and

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a British bombardment began, mainly on Longueval Alley and Central Trench. Troops in Maltz Horn Trench began to bomb north towards the strong point but only got to within 20 yd (18 m), despite several attempts up the trench and across the open. The battalion in the wood attacked north and

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the 2nd Army organised a new front in the second position, from Assevillers north to Herbecourt, Hem, Maurepas, Guillemont, Longueval and Bazentin le Petit Wood. Further counter-attacks were not possible due to a lack of troops but by 3 July the front from Longueval to Ovillers had been occupied by

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and Maxwell went forward and found parties from many units in the south-eastern corner. No sounds of battle could be heard and a search to the north found little sign of the first battalion. Maxwell sent a company to attack the strong point, combined with another attack by the troops in Maltz Horn

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troops reached the east edge of the wood, in the dark near the Guillemont track and under the impression that they were at the northern end of the wood; when dawn broke, attempts made to advance north failed. The left-hand battalion advanced across the open ground from Longueval Alley, into massed

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bombers attacked north up Maltz Horn Trench, then stopped short of the south-eastern edge of the wood by mistake. The left-hand battalion advanced to the eastern edge of the wood, to join with the right-hand battalion at the strong point but part veered right under German machine-gun fire, reached

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the 90th Brigade battalion in the new trench near the wood and a South African company from the 9th (Scottish) Division advanced into the wood in groups of twenty, many of whom got lost while others moved through the wood unopposed and reported it empty. To the west, bombers took part of Longueval

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When the 30th Division reported on 12 July that the Germans had again retaken the wood, except for the southern portion, the division was relieved by the 18th (Eastern) Division, which was ordered to take the wood at all costs. Two battalions of the 54th Brigade were added to the 55th Brigade. The

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On 2 July Haig met Rawlinson and directed that attacks should continue on the right flank, although Rawlinson was concerned over a lack of heavy howitzer ammunition. On 3 July Haig met Joffre and Foch and announced that he was concentrating British efforts south of the Albert–Bapaume road, despite

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The wood had dense undergrowth which retarded movement, made it difficult to keep direction and during the battle the trees were brought down by shellfire, becoming entangled with barbed wire and strewn with German and British dead. The British attacks were part of preliminary operations, to reach

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along with air reinforcements. Falkenhayn stressed the need to hold the ground from Hardecourt to Trônes Wood, as a base from which to begin an organised counter-attack but all the attacks contemplated were cancelled on 13 July, to be ready to receive the British attack known to be imminent. More

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against slight opposition. A few prisoners were taken from the I and III battalions Reserve Infantry Regiment 51, which had withdrawn during the bombardment; four field guns left behind the night before by the 6th Battery, Foot Artillery Regiment 57 were captured. A further advance towards Trônes

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Trônes Wood is pear-shaped, about 1,400 yd (1,300 m) long and 400 yd (370 m) wide along the base and lies east of Bernafay Wood, east of Montauban, south of Longueval and west of Guillemont. The light railway from Montauban to Guillemont ran through a dip in the centre of the

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but not that the Germans had lost the initiative and were constantly off-balance. British infantry at Trônes Wood could assemble in captured German positions and move supplies along repaired German trenches in Bernafay Wood. Ground held nearby gave the British scope to outflank the wood from the

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the German companies at the west side of the wood were withdrawn to the east side, where they saw German troops retire from the south end of the wood to Guillemont, then troops began to trickle out of the north end. The party in the centre fell back to shell-holes 200 yd (180 m) to the

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the 500 yd (460 m) advance began; no British fire was encountered and the troops entered the wood in a line to keep touch. Some British troops in the undergrowth opened reverse fire until captured and at a strong point in the centre near the railway line, a British party held out until

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Sheldon wrote that British artillery ammunition consumption would have restricted attacks after 1 July, even if the disaster north of the Albert–Bapaume road had not occurred. Limited local attacks south of the road were the only way to maintain pressure and support the French but took place on

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from Guillemont, to the west side of the wood and the troops in the wood were to attack south from the railway line, using flame-throwers to push the British out of the south end. Part of Infantry Regiment 178 was to attack Maltz Horn Trench from Arrow Head Copse but the movement of troops near

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Duffy wrote that after 1 July, German losses of ground were reduced, at Trônes Wood and other points but that a German divisional commander on 7 July reported that the crisis had been survived "for the time being". The German high command had known of the offensive due on the Somme but not the

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An officer moved west by compass and troops followed in single-file, then turned right to advance north. Direction continued to be maintained by compass, with frequent halts to reorganise and the troops fired into the undergrowth as they advanced. The south end of Central Trench was rolled up,

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aircraft, who also saw a German barrage fall between Bernafay and Trônes Wood and called for a counter-barrage. The German infantry were scattered by the shelling, lost many casualties and the troops moving up for the attack on Maltz Horn Trench failed to reach their front line. The attack was

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battalions taken from six divisions. Divisions on the Somme front were reorganised into three groups and air units were reinforced and divided into distant and close reconnaissance, artillery observation, fighting and bombing formations. On 5 July, the pause in Anglo-French attacks led General

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took 20 sq mi (52 km), compared with 3 sq mi (7.8 km) on 1 July. The German defence from Trônes Wood to La Boisselle had become chaotic, as the British and French exploited the success gained south of the Albert–Bapaume road on 1 July. Elaborate German defensive

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dig in from the village past the east end of Delville Wood. The signs of a German counter-attack were seen in the afternoon and a British bombardment of the east side of the wood continued into the night but no attack came, the German second line having been made the main line of defence.

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German casualties on 7 July from British air-observed artillery-fire were high and communications were cut, leaving commanders ignorant of the situation; many German wounded had been stranded near the front-line. Sixty-five heavy artillery batteries were sent to the Somme front from

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Prior and Wilson counted eight British attacks on Trônes Wood and wrote that the first seven failed, because of machine-gun fire from the strong points along the railway through the wood, which were not captured until their positions became known. The Fourth Army corps had made

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after a short bombardment. Next day another attack was mounted after a German counter-attack recovered the wood and recaptured the western edge. On 11 July British troops were withdrawn and a bombardment, said by German witnesses to be "the fiercest yet experienced", opened at

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lost direction again in the undergrowth and tangle of fallen trees, stumbling into the German posts along Central Trench and being engaged at close-range. Troops from Reserve Infantry Regiment 106 moved down from the north end of the wood to reinforce Central Trench as about

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German machine-gun and artillery-fire, directed by observers on Longueval ridge despite a British gas barrage, preventing the British from getting closer than 100 yd (91 m) to the wood, except for small parties which were destroyed. Another British bombardment at

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Fighting went on all morning and at noon more German reinforcements took the north end of the wood. Documents found on a German officer taken prisoner by the French, containing information about a counter-attack on Trônes Wood, led to XIII Corps ordering a barrage at about

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in reserve) area the success was complete, the troops on the right flank were in touch with the French south of Bernafay Wood, Montauban had been consolidated and observation gained over Caterpillar Valley. XIII Corps was ordered to prepare to attack Mametz Wood with

1877:) had begun, the leading battalion crossed 1,000 yd (910 m) of open ground in artillery formation through a German barrage, into the south-western side of the wood. The German redoubt at the south end of Central Trench was enveloped and rushed at 1259:(RFC) reported that the German second line from Guillemont to Bazentin le Grand was strongly held. On 1/2 July two German counter-attacks in the early hours were repulsed by shrapnel-fire from the 30th divisional artillery, which also experimented with a 1881:

then the advance continued and reached the eastern edge, which was again mistaken for the northern point of the wood. A defensive flank was formed from the railway line, south to the strong point at Trônes Alley; the second battalion entered the wood at

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and French attacks had been stopped due to German fire from Trônes Wood, which took the British five more days to capture, exhausting the 30th Division in costly attacks, which were repulsed by well-placed machine-guns and frequent counter-attacks.

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east, above the track to Guillemont, ready to retire slowly if pressed. Nothing was seen for an hour, when British prisoners emerged from the south end of the wood, moving under escort to Guillemont. Patrols went back into the wood to scout and at

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with the 123rd Division and parts of the 11th and 12th Reserve divisions, took over from the Somme to Longueval. Many divisional units had been detached as piecemeal reinforcements and were tired, disorganised and depleted by casualties.

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On 4 July Haig stressed the importance of the rapid capture of Trônes Wood and next day arranged with the French for the right boundary of the Fourth Army to be moved south. General Headquarters (GHQ) also announced a ration of

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and relieved the exhausted troops of Reserve Infantry Regiment 51. Touch was gained on the right with Bavarian Infantry Regiment 16, near Longueval and Reserve Infantry Regiment 38 near Arrow Head Copse to the south-east. At

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and dug in below the strong point at Trônes Alley. A new trench was dug westwards to link with the British troops still in the south-western part of the wood, covered by ambush parties and completed early on 13 July.

2770:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: Macmillan. 1633:

and reached a strong point at the junction of the Guillemont track and the wood. The left-hand battalion advance from Bernafay Wood either side of the light railway, towards the centre and north of Trônes Wood at

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Alley from Bernafay Wood past the northern point of Trônes Wood and German troops in the strong point captured the day before in Central Trench were overrun. When the British bombardment had commenced at

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The battalion entered the western edge and struggled through the undergrowth, fallen trees and shell-craters. Central Trench along the middle of the wood was captured and the eastern edge was reached by

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before the attack. On 12 July the 30th Division reported that it held the wood but that all three brigades were exhausted, so the 55th Brigade of the 18th (Eastern) Division was attached that morning.

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On 1 July the Anglo-French bombardment on the right flank of the Fourth Army had been highly effective, due to good observation over the German positions and had achieved tactical surprise. The German

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During the night the 90th Brigade was relieved by the 89th Brigade in Maltz Horn Trench and La Briqueterie. All British troops had been withdrawn from the wood for a bombardment, which began at

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wood. Undergrowth in the wood had not been cleared for two years, which made movement very difficult. Trônes Alley was a German communication trench, along Montauban ridge between the woods.

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on 6 July but the attack was postponed because of a German counter-attack. Haig issued a memorandum on policy, that advantage must be taken of German confusion and low morale after the

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on 22/23 July, with various battalion headquarters sited in the wood. Later in the year the area was used for accommodation, Camp 34 being made up of groups of tarpaulin shelters.

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On 2 July, patrols from the 30th Division found Bernafay Wood undefended and took 17 prisoners from Reserve Infantry Regiment 51, who had retreated there during the morning. At

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they dug a 150 yd (140 m) trench 60 yd (55 m) short of the south-western fringe of the wood during the night, ready to advance into the wood on 10 July.

304: 5232: 1378:, to report that the initial crisis had been contained. No more counter-attacks would be made until the situation was clear, in anticipation of more Anglo-French attacks. 3051: 1891:

threatening the German posts along the western edge with envelopment and the Germans withdrew north to the railway line. The last German survivors were ordered out at

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barrage on Bernafay Wood. The 27th Brigade, 9th (Scottish) Division, relieved a brigade of the 30th Division near Montauban and the captured ground was consolidated.

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on 3 July, after a short bombardment, two battalions of the 27th Brigade , advanced on a line from the Briqueterie to Montauban and reached the eastern edge by

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The 123rd Division had been in Flanders as part of the 6th Army reserve and travelled from Thourout to Cambrai, disembarking at Épehy and Gouzeaucourt in the

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the 54th Brigade began to assemble for another attack on the wood. With no time for reconnaissance and attacking in the dark, the commander Brigadier-General

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At the south side of the wood near the road lies an obelisk of the 18th (Eastern) Division and several German dug-outs in the sunken road remained in 1985.

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ordered the 54th Brigade to attack before dawn, to take the eastern fringe as a flank guard, for the 9th (Scottish) Division attack on Longueval.

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a battalion of the 90th Brigade advanced by the sunken road, from La Briqueterie to Maltz Horn Farm then bombed up Maltz Horn Trench, taking

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and light signals directed the artillery to lift onto the east edge of Bernafay Wood. The companies trapped behind Guillemont arrived at

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Wood found it occupied but the 18th (Eastern) Division occupied Caterpillar Wood early on 3 July and Marlboro' Wood unopposed on 4 July.

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were overrun and others caught in the worst barrage the troops had experienced, many of the survivors retiring to Guillemont. Companies

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mistakenly thought by the British to have been captured, diverted the British to the east. Many of the German posts of Company

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groups were organised, using corps headquarters staff, to control the increasing number of divisions reaching the Somme front.

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completing the occupation of the wood with patrols advancing northwards. Trônes Wood and Maltz Horn Trench had been held by

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as most of the right-had battalion fell back to La Briqueterie, Maltz Horn Trench east of the wood also being abandoned.

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There was severe congestion in the Maricourt Salient, with few roads to supply XIII Corps and the French XX Corps of the

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German troop movements on the railways leading to the Somme and made bomb attacks on the trains and stations.)

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Landrecies to Cambrai: Case Studies of German Offensive and Defensive Operations on the Western Front 1914–17

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After the failure of a counter-attack on the junction of the Sixth Army and the Fourth Army on the night of

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and retired to Guillemont Station and Waterlot Farm. The British reached the real northern point at

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howitzer ammunition per day, plus the use of some French heavy guns on loan to the British. General

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Military Operations France and Belgium, 1916: 2nd July 1916 to the End of the Battles of the Somme

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machine-gun fire. Despite these criticisms, Prior and Wilson wrote that the British advances from

1782:

The British barrage inflicted many casualties and delayed the arrival of some German troops until

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was ordered, in which the rest of II Battalion, Reserve Infantry Regiment 106 was to advance at

4846: 4570: 4505: 4361: 4095: 4022: 3972: 3957: 3939: 3912: 3826: 3793: 3458: 3419: 3399: 3210: 3103: 1659:, remnants of the original line holding division. During the morning the first elements of the 1311: 1119: 1087: 1048: 1016: 947: 915: 888: 861: 770: 657: 551: 529: 507: 428: 328: 2722:

The War in the Air, Being the Story of the Part Played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force

2679:

When the Barrage Lifts: A Topographical History and Commentary on the Battle of the Somme 1916

898: 627: 546: 4836: 4490: 4379: 4155: 4125: 4055: 4002: 3924: 3892: 3866: 3816: 3747: 3649: 3602: 3386: 3255: 3138: 1134: 1109: 967: 849: 753: 563: 282: 159: 2914: 502: 5186: 5101: 3788: 3762: 3712: 3069: 2002: 1021: 514: 490: 433: 333: 3737: 272:

Trônes Wood, on the northern slope of Montauban ridge between Bernafay Wood and Guillemont

8: 5168: 4307: 4171: 4130: 4007: 3967: 3962: 3907: 3590: 3584: 3485: 3001: 2945: 1663:

began to arrive, in the area from the Somme to Guillemont. A German bombardment began at

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Reinforcements had reached the troops at the south end of the wood overnight and at

4219: 4189: 4183: 4100: 3929: 3897: 3887: 3626: 3550: 3545: 3473: 3293: 3193: 3003:

The 54th Infantry Brigade, 1914–1918; Some Records of Battle and Laughter in France

972: 748: 536: 519: 2806:

Bloody Victory: The Sacrifice on the Somme and the Making of the Twentieth Century

1327: 197: 5028: 4868: 4207: 3767: 3742: 3441: 3349: 3188: 1375: 1196: 1167: 839: 664: 206: 46: 1667:

and the British battalion in the north of the wood withdrew to Bernafay Wood at

4861: 4841: 4512: 4225: 4070: 3861: 3752: 3608: 3512: 3495: 2725:. Vol. II (Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Clarendon Press. 1795: 910: 780: 647: 189: 5201: 4972: 4260: 4254: 3697: 3614: 3525: 1334:

opposite the right flank of the Fourth Army had suffered so many casualties.

1219:

had been defeated and only saved from destruction by reinforcements from the

792: 173: 102: 89: 3011: 2906: 1948:"weight and ferocity" of the attack. British historians write of the period 1609:

Another attack was arranged by the British 21st Brigade, with the fresh 2nd

4422: 3856: 2950:(Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: Thomas Nelson. 2894:

The Operational Role of British Corps Command on the Western Front 1914–18

2825: 4633: 4538: 4236: 3671: 3092: 1845: 1430: 652: 2892: 4428: 4195: 1200: 4688: 1869:

one battalion was ready but the other one was still assembling. At

1725:

western edge of the wood and the rest withdrawn to Central Trench,

1260: 1622:

a British battalion which had moved up overnight rushed the farm.

1601:

after a bombardment of Trônes Wood and Maltz Horn Trench. The 2nd

374: 2751:(Arms & Armour Press ed.). London: Weidenfeld Military. 2557: 685: 1800:

Military artist drawing of battles in Trônes Wood: 14 July 1916

81: 3061: 2533: 312: 4856: 2910: 2634: 2632: 2569: 1969:

when relieved again on 13 July the division had lost another

1923:

and piecemeal attacks in the period, with only an average of

1680:

surrounded. The advance reached the west side of the wood at

2978:(Naval & Military Press ed.). London: John Murray. 2545: 2789:(Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Blackwood. 2629: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2262: 1746:

and drove back British troops from the eastern edge, took

2869:(Pen & Sword Military ed.). London: Leo Cooper. 2499: 2497: 2407: 2405: 2344: 2342: 1977:

mostly wounded and the attack on 13/14 July cost another

1638:

was delayed by gas and the undergrowth of the wood until

1288:

German dugout steps, Bernafay Wood, Somme 1916 IWM Q 4307

2226: 3057:

Trones Wood, Montauban, Guillemont maps and photographs

2662:(Phoenix ed.). London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 2605: 2509: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2429: 2417: 2390: 2354: 2315: 2291: 2274: 2142: 2118: 2975:

The History of the Ninth (Scottish) Division 1914–1919

2494: 2482: 2470: 2402: 2378: 2339: 2250: 2238: 2214: 2130: 2106: 2096: 2094: 1981:. The 90th Brigade of the 18th (Eastern) Division had 1965:

When relieved on 5 July the 30th Division losses were

2617: 2581: 2166: 2154: 1730:

brought back to the wood north of the light railway.

2521: 2458: 2441: 2366: 2327: 2303: 2202: 1769:

were left isolated in the southern end of the wood.

5233:

Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom

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Through German Eyes: The British and the Somme 1916

2593: 2190: 2178: 2091: 2824: 2697: 2947:The History of the South African Forces in France 1326:co-ordinated the attack on the wood with General 5199: 136: 4038:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers 1973:By 8 July the 18th (Eastern) Division had lost 3077: 701: 390: 298: 3028:The Chief: Douglas Haig and the British Army 2901:(PhD thesis). London: University of London. 2038:Regiment 6, from the 10th Bavarian Division. 1938: 1764: 1758: 1752: 1388: 4521: 2822: 2539: 1655:and small parties of Infantry Regiment 62, 1195:(8–14 July) was a tactical incident in the 5238:Battles of the Western Front (World War I) 3084: 3070: 708: 694: 397: 383: 316:Battle of Albert (1916) tactical incidents 305: 291: 3025: 1651:of Reserve Infantry Regiments 38 and 51, 5208:Battles of World War I involving Germany 4320:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary 2803: 2746: 2563: 2348: 2297: 2112: 2060:battalions had been engaged by then and 1992: 1865:Maxwell put in charge of the attack. By 1794: 1282: 150: 4697:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration 2890: 2864: 2784: 2676: 2638: 2623: 2551: 2268: 2232: 2172: 2148: 2124: 1278: 5200: 2943: 2867:The German Army on the Somme 1914–1916 2845: 2695: 2587: 2527: 2515: 2452: 2435: 2423: 2396: 2372: 2360: 2321: 2309: 2285: 2208: 2136: 1985:and German Infantry Regiment 182 lost 1364: 16:Military action in the First World War 4650:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia 3993:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) 3065: 2999: 2971: 2765: 2718: 2654: 2611: 2599: 2575: 2503: 2488: 2476: 2464: 2411: 2384: 2333: 2256: 2244: 2220: 2196: 2184: 2160: 2100: 689: 378: 286: 5054:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne 2700:Douglas Haig and the First World War 59:Map of the Battle of the Somme, 1916 4983:Ottomans against the Triple Entente 3784:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes 1873:an hour after the main attack (the 404: 253: 13: 3723:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes 2937: 2787:The 18th Division in the Great War 2704:(repr. ed.). Cambridge: CUP. 1720:was found in the south end. About 14: 5254: 3045: 2749:The Somme: The Day-by-Day Account 1952:as a wasted opportunity, costing 1844:Division commander Major-General 715: 203:Crown Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria 4086:Second Battle of the Piave River 3708:Russian invasion of East Prussia 2927: 2011: 1337: 252: 245: 166: 152: 138: 53: 5150:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo 4350:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 3091: 2841:– via Archive Foundation. 2067: 2051: 4973:Austria-Hungary against Serbia 4832:Deportations from East Prussia 4629:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia 2823:Prior, R.; Wilson, W. (2005). 2041: 2031: 1406: 1: 5218:History of Somme (department) 4884:Ukrainian Canadian internment 3006:. London: Gale & Polden. 2647: 1960: 1790: 1697: 1210: 231: 5039:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement 4338:Estonian War of Independence 4013:Southern Palestine offensive 2085: 2016: 1908: 1597:The British attack began at 7: 4993:USA against Austria-Hungary 4392:Turkish War of Independence 4344:Latvian War of Independence 4076:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918 3667:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo 2785:Nichols, G. H. F. (2004) . 1913: 1402: 1178:Western Front tactics, 1917 10: 5259: 5076:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk 4624:1899–1923 cholera pandemic 4091:Second Battle of the Marne 3978:Second battle of the Aisne 3847:Second Battle of Champagne 3688:German invasion of Belgium 2681:. Norwich: Gliddon Books. 1996: 1851: 1273: 419:Battles of the Somme, 1916 20: 5182: 5141: 5062: 5001: 4963: 4907: 4896: 4857:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo) 4800: 4772: 4720: 4642: 4616: 4568: 4461: 4454: 4386:Irish War of Independence 4282: 4164: 4136:Armistice of Villa Giusti 4121:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 4046: 3948: 3875: 3776: 3733:First Battle of the Marne 3680: 3642: 3577: 3568: 3511: 3385: 3374: 3340: 3312: 3274: 3226: 3179: 3172: 3099: 2808:. London: Little, Brown. 1397: 1314:field gun ammunition and 725: 416: 324: 240: 230: 225: 212: 179: 130: 63: 52: 40: 35: 5009:Constantinople Agreement 4302:Armenian–Azerbaijani War 4165:Co-belligerent conflicts 4141:Second Romanian campaign 4111:Third Transjordan attack 3822:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive 3728:Battle of Grand Couronné 3000:Rowan, E. W. J. (1919). 2891:Simpson, Andrew (2001). 2846:Rogers, D., ed. (2010). 2578:, pp. 172–173, 179. 2566:, pp. 225, 230–231. 2024: 1875:Battle of Bazentin Ridge 103:50.0113528°N 2.8070083°E 5072:Modus vivendi of Acroma 5024:Bulgaria–Germany treaty 4332:Greater Poland Uprising 4232:National Protection War 4116:Meuse–Argonne offensive 4066:German spring offensive 4061:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 3837:Siege of Novogeorgievsk 3812:Second Battle of Artois 3693:Battle of the Frontiers 3030:. London: Aurum Press. 2696:Harris, J. P. (2009) . 2540:Prior & Wilson 2005 1999:Battle of Delville Wood 1856:Just after midnight on 1814:Guillemont was seen at 1237:9th (Scottish) Division 1233:18th (Eastern) Division 1066:German spring offensive 221:elements of 4 divisions 27:Battle of Delville Wood 23:Battle of Albert (1916) 5097:Paris Peace Conference 5085:Ukraine–Central Powers 4879:Massacres of Albanians 4847:Late Ottoman genocides 4654:Bulgarian occupations 4362:Third Anglo-Afghan War 4326:Hungarian–Romanian War 4151:Naval Victory Bulletin 4146:Armistice with Germany 4096:Hundred Days Offensive 4023:Battle of La Malmaison 3973:Second battle of Arras 3940:Battle of Transylvania 3794:Second Battle of Ypres 3662:Sarajevo assassination 3551:South African Republic 3052:CWGC, Battle of Albert 3026:Sheffield, G. (2011). 2747:McCarthy, C. (1995) . 2719:Jones, H. A. (2002) . 1939: 1802: 1765: 1759: 1753: 1389: 1361:north of the railway. 1290: 1255:Reconnaissance by the 1221:10th Bavarian Division 1193:Capture of Trônes Wood 329:First Day on the Somme 180:Commanders and leaders 36:Capture of Trônes Wood 5107:Treaty of St. Germain 5080:Russia–Central Powers 5034:Sykes–Picot Agreement 4862:Pontic Greek genocide 4837:Destruction of Kalisz 4813:Eastern Mediterranean 4374:Polish–Lithuanian War 4156:Armistice of Belgrade 4126:Armistice of Salonica 4056:Operation Faustschlag 4003:Third Battle of Oituz 3925:Baranovichi offensive 3893:Lake Naroch offensive 3867:Battle of Robat Karim 3842:Vistula–Bug offensive 3817:Battles of the Isonzo 3748:First Battle of Ypres 2865:Sheldon, J. (2006) . 2804:Philpott, W. (2009). 1993:Subsequent operations 1798: 1653:12th Reserve Division 1286: 1217:28th Reserve Division 226:Casualties and losses 108:50.0113528; 2.8070083 5102:Treaty of Versailles 4818:Mount Lebanon famine 4733:in the United States 4701:Russian occupations 4415:Turkish–Armenian War 4356:Polish–Ukrainian War 4296:Ukrainian–Soviet War 4243:Central Asian Revolt 4033:Armistice of Focșani 3763:Battle of Sarikamish 3713:Battle of Tannenberg 3109:Military engagements 2944:Buchan, J. (1992) . 2850:. Solihull: Helion. 2677:Gliddon, G. (1987). 2554:, pp. 184, 190. 2003:Battle of Guillemont 1279:British preparations 1173:French Army mutinies 1168:1914 Christmas truce 938:Hohenzollern Redoubt 579:Butte de Warlencourt 268:class=notpageimage| 5213:Battle of the Somme 5169:They shall not pass 5092:Treaty of Bucharest 5049:Treaty of Bucharest 4988:USA against Germany 4965:Declarations of war 4669:German occupations 4582:British casualties 4441:Soviet–Georgian War 4368:Egyptian Revolution 4308:Armeno-Georgian War 4172:Somaliland campaign 4131:Armistice of Mudros 4008:Battle of Caporetto 3998:Battle of Mărășești 3968:Zimmermann telegram 3963:February Revolution 3908:Battle of the Somme 3832:Bug-Narew Offensive 3807:Battle of Gallipoli 3799:Sinking of the RMS 3591:Scramble for Africa 3585:Franco-Prussian War 3241:Sinai and Palestine 2972:Ewing, J. (2001) . 2899:discovery.ucl.ac.uk 2766:Miles, W. (1992) . 2641:, pp. 401–404. 2542:, pp. 127–129. 2271:, pp. 415–416. 1805:A German attack at 1415: 1365:German preparations 1162:Associated articles 879:Hartmannswillerkopf 739:Invasion of Belgium 622:Associated articles 99: / 43:Battle of the Somme 5129:Treaty of Lausanne 5044:Paris Economy Pact 4978:UK against Germany 4908:Entry into the war 4874:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan) 4593:Ottoman casualties 4403:Franco-Turkish War 4283:Post-War conflicts 4267:Russian Revolution 4249:Invasion of Darfur 4214:Kelantan rebellion 4202:Kurdish rebellions 4178:Mexican Revolution 4018:October Revolution 3983:Kerensky offensive 3958:Capture of Baghdad 3935:Monastir offensive 3920:Brusilov offensive 3758:Battle of Kolubara 3597:Russo-Japanese War 2915:uk.bl.ethos.367588 2614:, pp. 21, 40. 1862:Herbert Shoubridge 1803: 1407: 1291: 1257:Royal Flying Corps 5223:Conflicts in 1916 5195: 5194: 5178: 5177: 5162:The Golden Virgin 5156:Mutilated victory 5137: 5136: 5117:Treaty of Trianon 5112:Treaty of Neuilly 5019:Damascus Protocol 4892: 4891: 4852:Armenian genocide 4809:Allied blockades 4781:Belgian refugees 4564: 4563: 4474:Strategic bombing 4450: 4449: 4435:Franco-Syrian War 4409:Greco-Turkish War 4397:Anglo-Turkish War 4380:Polish–Soviet War 4314:German Revolution 4290:Russian Civil War 4273:Finnish Civil War 4106:Battle of Megiddo 4081:Battle of Goychay 4028:Battle of Cambrai 3988:Battle of Mărăști 3903:Battle of Jutland 3883:Erzurum offensive 3738:Siege of Przemyśl 3718:Siege of Tsingtao 3703:Battle of Galicia 3633:Second Balkan War 3621:Italo-Turkish War 3578:Pre-War conflicts 3564: 3563: 3454:Portuguese Empire 3370: 3369: 3332:German New Guinea 3314:Asian and Pacific 3037:978-1-84513-691-8 2985:978-1-84342-190-0 2957:978-0-901627-89-6 2876:978-1-84415-269-8 2857:978-1-906033-76-7 2838:978-0-300-10694-7 2815:978-1-4087-0108-9 2796:978-1-84342-866-4 2777:978-0-901627-76-6 2758:978-1-85409-330-1 2732:978-1-84342-413-0 2711:978-0-521-89802-7 2688:978-0-947893-02-6 2669:978-0-7538-2202-9 2518:, pp. 91–92. 2506:, pp. 75–78. 2491:, pp. 48–49. 2479:, pp. 47–48. 2438:, pp. 87–89. 2426:, pp. 86–87. 2414:, pp. 46–47. 2399:, pp. 84–86. 2387:, pp. 45–46. 2363:, pp. 82–83. 2324:, pp. 81–82. 2288:, pp. 80–81. 2259:, pp. 60–61. 2247:, pp. 26–27. 2235:, pp. 52–55. 2223:, pp. 45–47. 2163:, pp. 17–18. 2151:, pp. 58–59. 2139:, pp. 79–80. 1954:25,000 casualties 1818:by the crew of a 1595: 1594: 1414: 1186: 1185: 1012:Nivelle offensive 786:Trouée de Charmes 683: 682: 670:Thiepval Memorial 525:Flers–Courcelette 372: 371: 281: 280: 126: 125: 5250: 5243:July 1916 events 5122:Treaty of Sèvres 5014:Treaty of London 4905: 4904: 4683:Northeast France 4614: 4613: 4586:Parliamentarians 4519: 4518: 4481:Chemical weapons 4459: 4458: 4220:Senussi campaign 4190:Muscat rebellion 4184:Maritz rebellion 4101:Vardar offensive 3930:Battle of Romani 3898:Battle of Asiago 3888:Battle of Verdun 3852:Kosovo offensive 3627:First Balkan War 3575: 3574: 3474:Russian Republic 3383: 3382: 3177: 3176: 3119:Economic history 3086: 3079: 3072: 3063: 3062: 3041: 3022: 3020: 3018: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2932: 2931: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2880: 2861: 2842: 2831:. London: Yale. 2830: 2819: 2800: 2781: 2762: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2715: 2703: 2692: 2673: 2642: 2636: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2555: 2549: 2543: 2537: 2531: 2525: 2519: 2513: 2507: 2501: 2492: 2486: 2480: 2474: 2468: 2462: 2456: 2450: 2439: 2433: 2427: 2421: 2415: 2409: 2400: 2394: 2388: 2382: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2358: 2352: 2346: 2337: 2331: 2325: 2319: 2313: 2307: 2301: 2295: 2289: 2283: 2272: 2266: 2260: 2254: 2248: 2242: 2236: 2230: 2224: 2218: 2212: 2206: 2200: 2194: 2188: 2182: 2176: 2170: 2164: 2158: 2152: 2146: 2140: 2134: 2128: 2127:, p. 59–61. 2122: 2116: 2110: 2104: 2098: 2079: 2071: 2065: 2064:were on the way. 2063: 2059: 2055: 2049: 2045: 2039: 2035: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1979:1,527 casualties 1976: 1972: 1968: 1955: 1951: 1942: 1931: 1926: 1922: 1903: 1898: 1894: 1885: 1880: 1872: 1868: 1859: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1826: 1817: 1812: 1808: 1785: 1781: 1776: 1768: 1762: 1756: 1749: 1745: 1740: 1736: 1728: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1692: 1687: 1683: 1678: 1670: 1666: 1650: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1628: 1621: 1616: 1600: 1416: 1413:(4–14 July 1916) 1412: 1392: 1385: 1372: 1359: 1351: 1346: 1333: 1317: 1309: 1300: 1296: 1270: 1254: 1125:St Quentin Canal 720: 710: 703: 696: 687: 686: 628:Hébuterne (1915) 591:Schwaben Redoubt 411: 409: 399: 392: 385: 376: 375: 319: 317: 307: 300: 293: 284: 283: 256: 255: 249: 236: 233: 172: 170: 169: 162: 158: 156: 155: 148: 144: 142: 141: 114: 113: 111: 110: 109: 104: 100: 97: 96: 95: 92: 65: 64: 57: 33: 32: 5258: 5257: 5253: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5248: 5247: 5198: 5197: 5196: 5191: 5174: 5133: 5065: 5058: 5029:Treaty of Darin 4997: 4959: 4915:Austria-Hungary 4901: 4888: 4869:Rape of Belgium 4796: 4768: 4716: 4710:Western Armenia 4705:Eastern Galicia 4638: 4612: 4576: 4575:Civilian impact 4574: 4560: 4517: 4446: 4278: 4208:Ovambo Uprising 4160: 4042: 3944: 3871: 3789:Battle of Łomża 3772: 3768:Christmas truce 3743:Race to the Sea 3676: 3638: 3560: 3531:Austria-Hungary 3507: 3442:Empire of Japan 3379: 3377: 3366: 3350:U-boat campaign 3336: 3308: 3270: 3222: 3168: 3149:Popular culture 3095: 3090: 3048: 3038: 3016: 3014: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2940: 2938:Further reading 2935: 2926: 2919: 2917: 2877: 2858: 2839: 2816: 2797: 2778: 2759: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2712: 2689: 2670: 2650: 2645: 2637: 2630: 2622: 2618: 2610: 2606: 2598: 2594: 2586: 2582: 2574: 2570: 2562: 2558: 2550: 2546: 2538: 2534: 2526: 2522: 2514: 2510: 2502: 2495: 2487: 2483: 2475: 2471: 2463: 2459: 2451: 2442: 2434: 2430: 2422: 2418: 2410: 2403: 2395: 2391: 2383: 2379: 2371: 2367: 2359: 2355: 2347: 2340: 2332: 2328: 2320: 2316: 2308: 2304: 2296: 2292: 2284: 2275: 2267: 2263: 2255: 2251: 2243: 2239: 2231: 2227: 2219: 2215: 2207: 2203: 2195: 2191: 2183: 2179: 2171: 2167: 2159: 2155: 2147: 2143: 2135: 2131: 2123: 2119: 2115:, pp. 215. 2111: 2107: 2103:, pp. 3–4. 2099: 2092: 2088: 2083: 2082: 2072: 2068: 2061: 2057: 2056: 2052: 2046: 2042: 2036: 2032: 2027: 2019: 2014: 2005: 1997:Main articles: 1995: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1963: 1953: 1949: 1929: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1901: 1896: 1892: 1883: 1878: 1870: 1866: 1857: 1854: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1824: 1815: 1810: 1806: 1801: 1793: 1783: 1779: 1774: 1747: 1743: 1738: 1734: 1726: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1700: 1690: 1685: 1681: 1676: 1668: 1664: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1635: 1630: 1626: 1619: 1614: 1598: 1576: 1428: 1423: 1411: 1405: 1400: 1383: 1376:Fritz von Below 1370: 1367: 1357: 1349: 1344: 1340: 1331: 1324:Henry Rawlinson 1315: 1307: 1298: 1294: 1289: 1281: 1276: 1268: 1252: 1213: 1197:First World War 1189: 1188: 1187: 1182: 1159: 963:Vimy Ridge 1916 840:Race to the Sea 808:1st St. Quentin 730: 721: 716: 714: 684: 679: 665:Leipzig Salient 633:Order of Battle 619: 412: 408:Somme Offensive 407: 405: 403: 373: 368: 320: 315: 313: 311: 277: 276: 275: 274: 273: 270: 264: 263: 262: 261: 257: 234: 207:Fritz von Below 205: 196: 194:Henry Rawlinson 192: 188: 167: 165: 153: 151: 149: 139: 137: 122:British victory 107: 105: 101: 98: 93: 90: 88: 86: 85: 84: 58: 47:First World War 29: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5256: 5246: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5228:1916 in France 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5189: 5183: 5180: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5172: 5165: 5158: 5153: 5145: 5143: 5139: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5131: 5126: 5125: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5094: 5089: 5088: 5087: 5082: 5074: 5068: 5066: 5064:Peace treaties 5063: 5060: 5059: 5057: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5005: 5003: 4999: 4998: 4996: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4969: 4967: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4957: 4952: 4950:United Kingdom 4947: 4942: 4940:Ottoman Empire 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4911: 4909: 4902: 4897: 4894: 4893: 4890: 4889: 4887: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4865: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4844: 4842:Sack of Dinant 4839: 4834: 4829: 4828: 4827: 4822: 4821: 4820: 4806: 4804: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4794: 4793: 4792: 4790:United Kingdom 4787: 4778: 4776: 4770: 4769: 4767: 4766: 4765: 4764: 4759: 4750: 4744:POW locations 4742: 4737: 4736: 4735: 4726: 4724: 4718: 4717: 4715: 4714: 4713: 4712: 4707: 4699: 4694: 4693: 4692: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4667: 4666: 4665: 4660: 4652: 4646: 4644: 4640: 4639: 4637: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4620: 4618: 4611: 4610: 4609: 4608: 4603: 4595: 4590: 4589: 4588: 4579: 4577: 4569: 4566: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4558: 4553: 4552: 4551: 4544:United Kingdom 4541: 4539:Ottoman Empire 4536: 4531: 4525: 4523: 4516: 4515: 4513:Trench warfare 4510: 4509: 4508: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4477: 4476: 4465: 4463: 4456: 4452: 4451: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4444: 4438: 4432: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4418: 4412: 4406: 4400: 4389: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4365: 4359: 4353: 4347: 4341: 4335: 4329: 4323: 4317: 4311: 4305: 4299: 4293: 4286: 4284: 4280: 4279: 4277: 4276: 4270: 4264: 4258: 4252: 4246: 4240: 4234: 4229: 4226:Volta-Bani War 4223: 4217: 4211: 4205: 4199: 4193: 4187: 4181: 4175: 4168: 4166: 4162: 4161: 4159: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4071:Zeebrugge Raid 4068: 4063: 4058: 4052: 4050: 4044: 4043: 4041: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3954: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3943: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3916: 3915: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3879: 3877: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3869: 3864: 3862:Battle of Loos 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3780: 3778: 3774: 3773: 3771: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3753:Black Sea raid 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3684: 3682: 3678: 3677: 3675: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3658: 3657: 3655:Historiography 3646: 3644: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3636: 3630: 3624: 3618: 3612: 3609:Bosnian Crisis 3606: 3603:Tangier Crisis 3600: 3594: 3588: 3581: 3579: 3572: 3566: 3565: 3562: 3561: 3559: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3536:Ottoman Empire 3533: 3528: 3523: 3517: 3515: 3513:Central Powers 3509: 3508: 3506: 3505: 3500: 3499: 3498: 3496:British Empire 3491:United Kingdom 3488: 3483: 3478: 3477: 3476: 3471: 3469:Russian Empire 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3445: 3444: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3423: 3422: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3391: 3389: 3387:Entente Powers 3380: 3375: 3372: 3371: 3368: 3367: 3365: 3364: 3359: 3358: 3357: 3355:North Atlantic 3346: 3344: 3338: 3337: 3335: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3318: 3316: 3310: 3309: 3307: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3280: 3278: 3272: 3271: 3269: 3268: 3266:Central Arabia 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3232: 3230: 3228:Middle Eastern 3224: 3223: 3221: 3220: 3215: 3214: 3213: 3203: 3198: 3197: 3196: 3185: 3183: 3174: 3170: 3169: 3167: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3129:Historiography 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3100: 3097: 3096: 3089: 3088: 3081: 3074: 3066: 3060: 3059: 3054: 3047: 3046:External links 3044: 3043: 3042: 3036: 3023: 2997: 2984: 2969: 2956: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2933: 2882: 2881: 2875: 2862: 2856: 2843: 2837: 2820: 2814: 2801: 2795: 2782: 2776: 2763: 2757: 2744: 2731: 2716: 2710: 2693: 2687: 2674: 2668: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2643: 2628: 2616: 2604: 2592: 2590:, p. 249. 2580: 2568: 2556: 2544: 2532: 2520: 2508: 2493: 2481: 2469: 2467:, p. 223. 2457: 2440: 2428: 2416: 2401: 2389: 2377: 2365: 2353: 2338: 2336:, p. 225. 2326: 2314: 2302: 2300:, p. 230. 2290: 2273: 2261: 2249: 2237: 2225: 2213: 2201: 2189: 2177: 2175:, p. 397. 2165: 2153: 2141: 2129: 2117: 2105: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2080: 2066: 2050: 2040: 2029: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 1994: 1991: 1983:789 casualties 1962: 1959: 1925:14 per cent of 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1853: 1850: 1799: 1792: 1789: 1699: 1696: 1661:123rd Division 1649:2–3 battalions 1593: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1579: 1578: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1563: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1549: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1535: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1521: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1507: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1493: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1479: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1451: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1437: 1436: 1434: 1425: 1420: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1390:Gruppe Gossler 1366: 1363: 1339: 1336: 1287: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1212: 1209: 1184: 1183: 1181: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1158: 1157: 1155:Lys and Escaut 1152: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1097: 1096: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1057: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1035: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1009: 1002: 991: 990: 985: 980: 975: 970: 965: 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 935: 924: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 902: 901: 891: 886: 884:Neuve Chapelle 881: 876: 865: 864: 859: 857:Winter actions 854: 853: 852: 847: 837: 832: 827: 822: 820:Grand Couronné 817: 812: 811: 810: 805: 800: 790: 789: 788: 783: 778: 773: 768: 758: 757: 756: 751: 746: 736: 726: 723: 722: 713: 712: 705: 698: 690: 681: 680: 678: 677: 672: 667: 662: 661: 660: 658:Hawthorn Ridge 655: 650: 640: 635: 630: 618: 617: 616: 615: 613:Beaumont-Hamel 605: 604: 603: 598: 593: 583: 582: 581: 576: 571: 561: 559:Thiepval Ridge 556: 555: 554: 549: 544: 534: 533: 532: 522: 517: 512: 511: 510: 500: 495: 494: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 466:Bazentin Ridge 463: 462: 461: 456: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 417: 414: 413: 402: 401: 394: 387: 379: 370: 369: 367: 366: 361: 356: 351: 346: 341: 336: 331: 325: 322: 321: 310: 309: 302: 295: 287: 279: 278: 271: 266: 265: 259: 258: 251: 250: 244: 243: 242: 241: 238: 237: 228: 227: 223: 222: 219: 215: 214: 210: 209: 200: 190:Ferdinand Foch 182: 181: 177: 176: 163: 146:United Kingdom 133: 132: 128: 127: 124: 123: 120: 116: 115: 79: 77: 73: 72: 71:8–14 July 1916 69: 61: 60: 50: 49: 38: 37: 31: 30: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5255: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5205: 5203: 5188: 5185: 5184: 5181: 5171: 5170: 5166: 5164: 5163: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5151: 5147: 5146: 5144: 5140: 5130: 5127: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5099: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5069: 5067: 5061: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5006: 5004: 5000: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4962: 4956: 4955:United States 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4906: 4903: 4900: 4895: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4849: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4826: 4823: 4819: 4816: 4815: 4814: 4811: 4810: 4808: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4799: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4771: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4734: 4731: 4730: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4719: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4691: 4690: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4641: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4615: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4587: 4584: 4583: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4572: 4567: 4557: 4556:United States 4554: 4550: 4547: 4546: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4520: 4514: 4511: 4507: 4506:Convoy system 4504: 4503: 4502: 4501:Naval warfare 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4475: 4472: 4471: 4470: 4467: 4466: 4464: 4460: 4457: 4453: 4442: 4439: 4436: 4433: 4430: 4427: 4424: 4421: 4416: 4413: 4410: 4407: 4404: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4394: 4393: 4390: 4387: 4384: 4381: 4378: 4375: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4363: 4360: 4357: 4354: 4351: 4348: 4345: 4342: 4339: 4336: 4333: 4330: 4327: 4324: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4312: 4309: 4306: 4303: 4300: 4297: 4294: 4291: 4288: 4287: 4285: 4281: 4274: 4271: 4268: 4265: 4262: 4261:Kaocen revolt 4259: 4256: 4255:Easter Rising 4253: 4250: 4247: 4244: 4241: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4227: 4224: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4200: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4188: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4173: 4170: 4169: 4167: 4163: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4045: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3947: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3914: 3911: 3910: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3880: 3878: 3874: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3827:Great Retreat 3825: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3802: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3781: 3779: 3775: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3698:Battle of Cer 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3685: 3683: 3679: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3656: 3653: 3652: 3651: 3648: 3647: 3645: 3641: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3616: 3615:Agadir Crisis 3613: 3610: 3607: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3582: 3580: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3567: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3510: 3504: 3503:United States 3501: 3497: 3494: 3493: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3466: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3443: 3440: 3439: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3421: 3420:French Empire 3418: 3417: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3384: 3381: 3373: 3363: 3362:Mediterranean 3360: 3356: 3353: 3352: 3351: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3342:Naval warfare 3339: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3311: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3225: 3219: 3218:Italian Front 3216: 3212: 3209: 3208: 3207: 3206:Eastern Front 3204: 3202: 3201:Western Front 3199: 3195: 3192: 3191: 3190: 3187: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3178: 3175: 3171: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3159:Puppet states 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3101: 3098: 3094: 3087: 3082: 3080: 3075: 3073: 3068: 3067: 3064: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3049: 3039: 3033: 3029: 3024: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3004: 2998: 2987: 2981: 2977: 2976: 2970: 2959: 2953: 2949: 2948: 2942: 2941: 2930: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2895: 2889: 2888: 2887: 2886: 2878: 2872: 2868: 2863: 2859: 2853: 2849: 2844: 2840: 2834: 2829: 2828: 2821: 2817: 2811: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2792: 2788: 2783: 2779: 2773: 2769: 2764: 2760: 2754: 2750: 2745: 2734: 2728: 2724: 2723: 2717: 2713: 2707: 2702: 2701: 2694: 2690: 2684: 2680: 2675: 2671: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2652: 2640: 2635: 2633: 2626:, p. 69. 2625: 2620: 2613: 2608: 2602:, p. 47. 2601: 2596: 2589: 2584: 2577: 2572: 2565: 2564:Philpott 2009 2560: 2553: 2548: 2541: 2536: 2530:, p. 92. 2529: 2524: 2517: 2512: 2505: 2500: 2498: 2490: 2485: 2478: 2473: 2466: 2461: 2455:, p. 90. 2454: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2437: 2432: 2425: 2420: 2413: 2408: 2406: 2398: 2393: 2386: 2381: 2375:, p. 83. 2374: 2369: 2362: 2357: 2351:, p. 43. 2350: 2349:McCarthy 1995 2345: 2343: 2335: 2330: 2323: 2318: 2312:, p. 81. 2311: 2306: 2299: 2298:Philpott 2009 2294: 2287: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2270: 2265: 2258: 2253: 2246: 2241: 2234: 2229: 2222: 2217: 2211:, p. 80. 2210: 2205: 2199:, p. 24. 2198: 2193: 2187:, p. 23. 2186: 2181: 2174: 2169: 2162: 2157: 2150: 2145: 2138: 2133: 2126: 2121: 2114: 2113:Philpott 2009 2109: 2102: 2097: 2095: 2090: 2076: 2070: 2054: 2044: 2034: 2030: 2022: 2012:Commemoration 2009: 2004: 2000: 1990: 1958: 1945: 1941: 1934: 1906: 1888: 1876: 1863: 1849: 1847: 1827: 1821: 1797: 1788: 1770: 1767: 1761: 1755: 1748:200 prisoners 1731: 1727:251 prisoners 1695: 1672: 1662: 1658: 1657:12th Division 1654: 1631:109 prisoners 1623: 1612: 1607: 1604: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1550: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1508: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1494: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1466: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1452: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1426: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1410: 1395: 1391: 1379: 1377: 1362: 1353: 1338:British plans 1335: 1332:15 battalions 1329: 1328:Émile Fayolle 1325: 1321: 1313: 1308:56,000 rounds 1303: 1285: 1271: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1250: 1245: 1244:on the left. 1243: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1229:30th Division 1226: 1222: 1218: 1208: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1165: 1164: 1163: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1130:Meuse-Argonne 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1073: 1069: 1068: 1067: 1064: 1063: 1062: 1061: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1044:Passchendaele 1042: 1040: 1037: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1007: 1003: 1001: 998: 997: 996: 995: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 930: 929: 928: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 906:2nd Champagne 904: 900: 897: 896: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 874:1st Champagne 872: 871: 870: 869: 863: 860: 858: 855: 851: 848: 846: 843: 842: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 795: 794: 793:Great Retreat 791: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 764: 763: 762: 759: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 741: 740: 737: 735: 732: 731: 729: 724: 719: 718:Western Front 711: 706: 704: 699: 697: 692: 691: 688: 676: 673: 671: 668: 666: 663: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 645: 644: 643:Mines, 1 July 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 625: 624: 623: 614: 611: 610: 609: 606: 602: 601:Regina Trench 599: 597: 596:Stuff Redoubt 594: 592: 589: 588: 587: 586:Ancre Heights 584: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 566: 565: 562: 560: 557: 553: 550: 548: 545: 543: 540: 539: 538: 535: 531: 528: 527: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 509: 506: 505: 504: 501: 499: 498:Delville Wood 496: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 468: 467: 464: 460: 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 426: 425: 422: 421: 420: 415: 410: 400: 395: 393: 388: 386: 381: 380: 377: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 326: 323: 318: 308: 303: 301: 296: 294: 289: 288: 285: 269: 248: 239: 229: 224: 220: 217: 216: 211: 208: 204: 201: 199: 198:Émile Fayolle 195: 191: 187: 184: 183: 178: 175: 174:German Empire 164: 161: 147: 135: 134: 129: 121: 118: 117: 112: 83: 80:Trônes Wood, 78: 75: 74: 70: 67: 66: 62: 56: 51: 48: 44: 39: 34: 28: 24: 19: 5167: 5160: 5148: 4755: / 4687: 4522:Conscription 4486:Cryptography 4423:Iraqi Revolt 3857:Siege of Kut 3800: 3378:participants 3327:German Samoa 3261:South Arabia 3027: 3015:. Retrieved 3002: 2989:. Retrieved 2974: 2961:. Retrieved 2946: 2918:. Retrieved 2898: 2893: 2884: 2883: 2866: 2847: 2826: 2805: 2786: 2767: 2748: 2736:. Retrieved 2721: 2699: 2678: 2659: 2639:Gliddon 1987 2624:Nichols 2004 2619: 2607: 2595: 2583: 2571: 2559: 2552:Sheldon 2006 2547: 2535: 2523: 2511: 2484: 2472: 2460: 2431: 2419: 2392: 2380: 2368: 2356: 2329: 2317: 2305: 2293: 2269:Gliddon 1987 2264: 2252: 2240: 2233:Nichols 2004 2228: 2216: 2204: 2192: 2180: 2173:Gliddon 1987 2168: 2156: 2149:Gliddon 1987 2144: 2132: 2125:Simpson 2001 2120: 2108: 2069: 2053: 2043: 2033: 2020: 2006: 1989:by 12 July. 1964: 1946: 1940:Bois Favière 1935: 1917: 1889: 1855: 1828: 1804: 1771: 1732: 1701: 1673: 1624: 1608: 1596: 1408: 1384:6 to 13 July 1380: 1368: 1354: 1341: 1316:4,920 rounds 1304: 1292: 1265: 1246: 1214: 1205: 1192: 1190: 1161: 1160: 1120:Saint-Mihiel 1088:Belleau Wood 1071: 1059: 1058: 1049:La Malmaison 1005: 993: 992: 958:Kink Salient 926: 925: 921:Gas: Wieltje 867: 866: 727: 621: 620: 508:Mouquet Farm 475: 454:La Boisselle 449:Contalmaison 418: 363: 359:Contalmaison 354:La Boisselle 235: 3,827 186:Douglas Haig 131:Belligerents 94:2°48′25.23″E 91:50°0′40.87″N 41:Part of The 18: 4785:Netherlands 4762:Switzerland 4643:Occupations 4634:Spanish flu 4411:(1919–1922) 4405:(1918–1921) 4399:(1918–1923) 4388:(1919–1921) 4382:(1919–1921) 4376:(1919–1920) 4352:(1918–1920) 4346:(1918–1920) 4340:(1918–1920) 4322:(1918–1920) 4304:(1918–1920) 4298:(1917–1921) 4292:(1917–1921) 4239:(1916-1918) 4237:Arab Revolt 4228:(1915–1917) 4222:(1915–1917) 4210:(1914-1917) 4204:(1914–1917) 4198:(1914–1921) 4192:(1913–1920) 4180:(1910–1920) 4174:(1900–1920) 3672:July Crisis 3593:(1880–1914) 3256:Mesopotamia 3134:Home fronts 3093:World War I 2991:31 December 2588:Harris 2009 2528:Rogers 2010 2516:Rogers 2010 2453:Rogers 2010 2436:Rogers 2010 2424:Rogers 2010 2397:Rogers 2010 2373:Rogers 2010 2361:Rogers 2010 2322:Rogers 2010 2310:Rogers 2010 2286:Rogers 2010 2209:Rogers 2010 2137:Rogers 2010 1921:46 sporadic 1858:13/14 July, 1836:150 British 1716:a party of 1299:11:30 p.m., 1140:2nd Cambrai 978:Boar's Head 968:Mont Sorrel 675:Ancre, 1917 638:Boar's Head 564:Le Transloy 552:Gueudecourt 530:Martinpuich 476:Trônes Wood 364:Trônes Wood 260:Trônes Wood 218:3 divisions 106: / 5202:Categories 5002:Agreements 4802:War crimes 4678:Luxembourg 4571:Casualties 3449:Montenegro 3284:South West 3164:Technology 3154:Propaganda 3144:Opposition 2648:References 2612:Miles 1992 2600:Miles 1992 2576:Duffy 2007 2504:Miles 1992 2489:Miles 1992 2477:Miles 1992 2465:Jones 2002 2412:Miles 1992 2385:Miles 1992 2334:Jones 2002 2257:Miles 1992 2245:Miles 1992 2221:Miles 1992 2197:Miles 1992 2185:Miles 1992 2161:Miles 1992 2101:Miles 1992 1975:3,400 men, 1971:2,300 men. 1961:Casualties 1950:2–13 July, 1897:9:30 a.m., 1879:6:00 a.m., 1871:4:30 a.m., 1846:Ivor Maxse 1820:9 Squadron 1791:12–13 July 1784:11:00 p.m. 1766:Lanzendorf 1722:200 troops 1718:50 Germans 1698:10–11 July 1669:3:00 p.m., 1665:12:30 p.m. 1645:8:00 a.m., 1636:3:00 a.m., 1627:3:00 a.m., 1620:5:00 a.m., 1615:1:00 p.m., 1599:8:00 a.m., 1312:18-pounder 1249:Sixth Army 1225:XIII Corps 1211:Background 953:Wulverghem 916:3rd Artois 894:2nd Artois 862:1st Artois 515:Guillemont 459:Gommecourt 344:Gommecourt 21:See also: 4899:Diplomacy 4606:Olympians 4529:Australia 4496:Logistics 4429:Vlora War 4358:(1918–19) 4334:(1918–19) 4328:(1918–19) 4316:(1918–19) 4263:(1916–17) 4245:(1916–17) 4196:Zaian War 4186:(1914–15) 3913:first day 3801:Lusitania 3629:(1912–13) 3623:(1911–12) 3611:(1908–09) 3605:(1905–06) 3587:(1870–71) 3376:Principal 3236:Gallipoli 3139:Memorials 3124:Geography 3114:Aftermath 2827:The Somme 2738:4 October 2658:(2007) . 2656:Duffy, C. 2086:Footnotes 2058:33 German 2017:Memorials 1967:3,000 and 1930:2–14 June 1909:Aftermath 1902:9:00 a.m. 1900:taken at 1893:9:00 a.m. 1884:8:00 a.m. 1867:2:30 a.m. 1841:8:45 p.m. 1831:5:00 p.m. 1825:7:00 p.m. 1816:8:00 p.m. 1811:8:30 p.m. 1807:9:00 p.m. 1780:9:00 p.m. 1775:6:00 p.m. 1754:Von Mosch 1744:5:30 a.m. 1739:3:27 a.m. 1735:2:40 a.m. 1714:8:00 a.m. 1709:3:00 a.m. 1704:4:00 a.m. 1691:6:40 p.m. 1686:5:20 p.m. 1682:5:10 p.m. 1677:4:15 p.m. 1640:6:00 a.m. 1611:Wiltshire 1603:Yorkshire 1371:1/2 June, 1358:7:00 p.m. 1350:2:40 a.m. 1345:3:00 a.m. 1295:9:00 p.m. 1269:24 hours. 1253:6:00 p.m. 1223:. In the 1203:village. 1201:Longueval 1135:5th Ypres 1115:2nd Somme 1093:2nd Marne 1083:3rd Aisne 1032:The Hills 1027:2nd Aisne 988:Fromelles 983:1st Somme 933:The Bluff 899:Hébuterne 889:2nd Ypres 850:1st Ypres 830:1st Aisne 825:1st Marne 798:Le Cateau 776:Charleroi 761:Frontiers 648:Lochnagar 491:High Wood 486:Fromelles 471:Longueval 434:Montauban 429:First day 334:Montauban 5187:Category 4774:Refugees 4740:Italians 4729:Germans 4689:Ober Ost 4469:Aviation 3570:Timeline 3541:Bulgaria 3322:Tsingtao 3299:Togoland 3246:Caucasus 3181:European 3173:Theatres 3012:37599956 2907:53564367 2075:2nd Army 1914:Analysis 1887:Trench. 1403:8–9 July 1261:Thermite 1242:XV Corps 1235:and the 1145:Courtrai 1100:Soissons 1039:Messines 1006:Alberich 815:Maubeuge 771:Ardennes 766:Lorraine 734:Moresnet 569:Eaucourt 547:Lesbœufs 503:Pozières 481:Ovillers 444:Fricourt 349:Fricourt 213:Strength 76:Location 4925:Germany 4825:Germany 4753:Germany 4673:Belgium 4658:Albania 4617:Disease 4597:Sports 4549:Ireland 4462:Warfare 4455:Aspects 3650:Origins 3643:Prelude 3546:Senussi 3526:Germany 3521:Leaders 3459:Romania 3400:Belgium 3395:Leaders 3294:Kamerun 3276:African 3211:Romania 3189:Balkans 3104:Outline 3017:30 June 2062:40 more 1987:566 men 1852:14 July 1737:and at 1582:14 July 1572:70°–54° 1566:13 July 1552:12 July 1544:68°–52° 1538:11 July 1530:82°–48° 1524:10 July 1516:70°–53° 1502:73°–52° 1488:70°–59° 1474:70°–54° 1460:72°–52° 1446:70°–55° 1409:Weather 1274:Prelude 1110:Ailette 1078:The Lys 1072:Michael 1054:Cambrai 948:Hulluch 943:St Eloi 835:Antwerp 574:Le Sars 542:Combles 45:of the 4945:Russia 4920:France 4748:Canada 4663:Serbia 4534:Canada 4491:Horses 4443:(1921) 4437:(1920) 4431:(1920) 4425:(1920) 4417:(1920) 4370:(1919) 4364:(1919) 4310:(1918) 4275:(1918) 4269:(1917) 4257:(1916) 4251:(1916) 4216:(1915) 3635:(1913) 3617:(1911) 3599:(1905) 3556:Darfur 3481:Serbia 3464:Russia 3427:Greece 3415:France 3405:Brazil 3251:Persia 3194:Serbia 3034: 3010: 2982: 2963:2 July 2954: 2920:2 July 2913: 2905: 2885:Theses 2873: 2854: 2835: 2812: 2793: 2774: 2755: 2729: 2708: 2685: 2666: 1558:68°– — 1510:9 July 1496:8 July 1482:7 July 1468:6 July 1454:5 July 1440:4 July 1398:Battle 1320:6-inch 1150:Sambre 1105:Amiens 973:Verdun 803:Étreux 749:Dinant 537:Morval 520:Ginchy 439:Mametz 424:Albert 339:Mametz 171: 160:France 157: 143: 119:Result 82:France 5142:Other 4935:Japan 4930:Italy 4757:camps 4601:Rugby 3437:Japan 3432:Italy 3410:China 3304:North 2911:EThOS 2025:Notes 1760:Bache 1591:dull 1588:— – — 1577:wind 1561:dull 1547:dull 1533:dull 1519:dull 1505:dull 1491:rain 1477:rain 1463:dull 1449:rain 1419:Date 1017:Arras 1000:Ancre 754:Namur 744:Liège 653:Y Sap 608:Ancre 4722:POWs 4048:1918 3950:1917 3876:1916 3777:1915 3681:1914 3486:Siam 3289:East 3032:ISBN 3019:2013 3008:OCLC 2993:2014 2980:ISBN 2965:2014 2952:ISBN 2922:2014 2903:OCLC 2871:ISBN 2852:ISBN 2833:ISBN 2810:ISBN 2791:ISBN 2772:ISBN 2753:ISBN 2740:2014 2727:ISBN 2706:ISBN 2683:ISBN 2664:ISBN 2001:and 1763:and 1575:dull 1485:13.0 1443:17.0 1427:Temp 1422:Rain 1191:The 1060:1918 1022:Vimy 994:1917 927:1916 911:Loos 868:1915 845:Yser 781:Mons 728:1914 68:Date 25:and 1829:At 1702:At 1613:at 1585:0.0 1569:0.1 1555:0.1 1541:0.0 1527:0.0 1513:0.0 1499:8.0 1471:2.0 1457:0.0 1424:mm 1318:of 1310:of 5204:: 2909:. 2897:. 2631:^ 2496:^ 2443:^ 2404:^ 2341:^ 2276:^ 2093:^ 1433:) 1431:°F 1231:, 232:c. 4573:/ 3085:e 3078:t 3071:v 3040:. 3021:. 2995:. 2967:. 2924:. 2879:. 2860:. 2818:. 2799:. 2780:. 2761:. 2742:. 2714:. 2691:. 2672:. 1429:( 1227:( 709:e 702:t 695:v 398:e 391:t 384:v 306:e 299:t 292:v

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Knowledge

Capture of Trônes Wood

Index