2157:
1262:
and trapped the
British on the far side all day, as German infantry gradually recaptured the lost trenches; attempts to send reinforcements from the British lines were costly failures. The 46th (North Midland) Division attack on the north side of the salient had even less success, a smoke screen led the attackers to lose direction as their advance was slowed by deep mud. Some parties of the 137th Brigade got into the German front line and parties of the 139th Brigade reached the second line but German small arms and barrage-fire on no man's land by artillery trapped the attackers and isolated them from their supports. The parties who got across no man's land were surrounded and destroyed, a few men being taken prisoner. The 46th (North Midland) Division had the fewest casualties of the 13 British divisions which attacked on 1 July, which got Montagu-Stuart-Wortley sacked (
1557:, intended to end the war in 1916, by splitting the Anglo-French Entente, before its material superiority became unbeatable. Falkenhayn planned to defeat the large amount of reserves which the Entente could move into the path of a breakthrough, by threatening a sensitive point close to the existing front line, to provoke the French into costly counter-attacks against fortified German positions. Falkenhayn chose to attack towards Verdun, to take the Meuse Heights and make the city untenable. The French would have to conduct a counter-offensive on ground dominated by the Germans and ringed with masses of heavy artillery, leading to huge losses, bringing the French army close to collapse. The British would mount a hasty and equally-costly relief offensive, which Falkenhayn expected to occur south of Arras and be destroyed by the
2804:, that RIR 55 gave the best exhibition of minor tactics that he had seen in two world wars, then let the 56th (1st London) Division recover wounded, helping some to get back to the British lines. In 2005, Prior and Wilson wrote that the diversion succeeded to the extent that an extra German division was moved into the front line but the defence of the salient was based on artillery rather than infantry. No guns were moved to counter the British threat and Prior and Wilson wrote that a feint would have been sufficient. In 2013, Ralph Whitehead wrote that the British attack diverted German units but two of the five regiments that defended Gommecourt had negligible losses and were available for re-deployment. For about
2736:
be holding out in the German front line. The
Lincoln reached the German wire, found it uncut and the trenches full of alert German troops, who sent up flares and opened fire as soon as they detected the British movement. The British were ordered to lie down and wait, eventually being ordered back, the 1/5th Lincoln suffering many losses but managing to bring back their wounded. Collecting wounded was most difficult until after midnight, when as dawn appeared, the 2nd Guard Reserve Division again gave assistance, hoisting a Red Cross flag opposite the 46th (North Midland) Division. Both sides sent out parties to rescue the wounded and nearly all of the British survivors were taken in.
210:
2292:
battalions were through quickly, only the two battalions following in support and reserve being delayed. The
British got into the German front trench with seconds to spare and the remnants of the front position except for Nameless Farm captured. The Germans in the third trench had been able to emerge from shelter and were overrun by rifle fire and rushes by parties, troops moving up communication trenches eventually overcoming the defenders but Nameless Farm was never captured. The farm cellars had been fortified and with shell-hole positions and part of a trench behind, the garrison held out, tired the attackers and reduced their supply of grenades.
1621:
2417:
slowed the advance. The
Germans emerged from shelter when the British were only halfway across. The troops who managed to advance across no man's land found that the German wire was smashed about, uncut or had been repaired. The Germans were deployed nearly as soon as the British guns lifted and German barrage fire began on the British lines. The German shelling was so bad that the third wave was ordered up communication trenches instead of advancing in the open. Before the wave managed to leave the advanced trench, the German barrage began to fall on no man's land and increase in intensity. German machine-gun fire from The
2148:, trench mortars and machine-guns were to fire on either side of the Monchy Salient. The bombardments were gradually to increase and the divisional artillery was to bombard German positions, roads and the vicinity of Essarts. Smoke was to be released five minutes before zero hour and infantry were to be held ready to support the 46th (North Midland) Division. VII Corps made no attempt at concealment and in the middle of June the 2nd Guard Reserve Division and its six heavy artillery batteries moved up between the 52nd and 111th divisions. Four days before zero hour, Snow told Haig that "They know we are coming all right".
2099:-lbe communication trench) The 169th Brigade was to reach the third trench from Fame to Fellow and Feud, to Gommecourt cemetery on the left of the 168th Brigade and make three strong points on the left flank near the cemetery, the south-west corner of The Maze and the south of Gommecourt Park. The brigade was then to move forward on the left to the Quadrilateral, a strong point behind the 1st Switch Line east of The Maze. Later on it was to advance and rendezvous with the right of the 46th (North Midland) Division, where Indus Trench cut through the 1st Switch Line at Fillet and Fill.
1690:, Falkenhayn continued his policy of unyielding defence. On the Somme front Falkenhayn's construction plan of January 1915 had been completed. Barbed wire obstacles had been enlarged from one belt 5–10 yd (4.6–9.1 m) wide to two belts, 30 yd (27 m) wide and about 15 yd (14 m) apart. Double and triple thickness wire was used and laid 3–5 ft (0.91–1.52 m) high. The front line had been increased from one trench line to a position with three trenches, 150–200 yd (140–180 m) apart, the first trench occupied by sentry groups, the second (
147:
41:
2745:
2783:
reinforcements got through and the survivors eventually surrendered. Observers watching the 56th (1st London) Division area to the south saw the infantry advance under a smoke screen and fight their way through the German first, second and third lines. The German artillery barrage on no man's land increased in intensity and German infantry were seen to rally and counter-attack. In desperate fighting, the
British fliers watched Germans regain the third line after noon and gradually force back the British out of the German front line by late evening.
3037:
1728:
1784:(CCRA) until zero hour, when the divisional HQs took back command. The corps had the 19th, 35th, 39th and 48th Heavy Artillery Groups (HAGs), the 19th and 35th firing on trenches and villages, the rest being reserved for counter-battery fire. The British artillery was unable to suppress the German heavy artillery, which was beyond the range of 60-pounders and 6-inch howitzers, leaving only the small number of super-heavy guns capable of longer-range counter-battery fire. Both British divisions were vulnerable to
2234:(Core Work, the Maze to the British), was dug in the east end of Gommecourt and equipped for all-round defence. The infantry had dug deep dugouts, many with electric lighting and underground kitchens had been built, along with accommodation for the garrisons. Most of the dugouts were connected so that men and equipment could be moved around, safe from bombardment. RGR 77 held the ground to the north end of the village to the junction with the 111th Division. In the centre, RIR 91 occupied sectors
132:
2421:, a spur beyond the left flank of the attack was most effective, few of the rear British waves got across and parts of the first three waves either stayed in the British front line or sought cover in no man's land. The leading troops of the 1/6th South and the 1/6th North Staffordshire were caught by flanking fire from the south but got to the German wire and were shot down or killed with hand grenades. A few men broke into the front trench but unsupported, were forced out or destroyed.
2256:
the village, the barbed wire in front of RIR 91 had been badly cut and the trenches flattened but most of the dugouts remained intact, including one penetrated by a heavy shell which failed to detonate. In the village, the
British bombardment caused only fifty casualties (six killed) to RIR 55 and on 1 July, the bombardment rose to a new height of intensity, particularly on sectors G1 and G5, which were also hit by trench mortars, which was taken to mean that the attack was imminent.
1465:
2949:
2553:
Wood. The 5th and 6th companies of II Battalion, RGR 91 counter-attacked over the open, knocked out the Lewis gun and pushed back the
British to the front trench, then back through the wire, from where a few of the British managed to get away. On the right flank of RIR 55, the troops in G1 got out of their dug-outs quickly and opened rapid fire on the British, causing many casualties but not stopping some troops getting into
2140:
jumping-off position. Assembly trenches dug 150 yd (140 m) behind the
British front line had also been ruined by the heavy rains and tapes were laid the night before the attack to help the second and later waves to align. Four minutes before zero the second wave was to advance from the front line and take post 80 yd (73 m) behind the first wave; the rest of the waves were to follow in the open.
2559:. Quickly a platoon of the 2nd Company RIR 55 counter-attacked in the open and overran the party, taking a few prisoners. As the smoke dispersed, the Germans regained the view over the British lines and small-arms fire combined with the German standing barrage in no man's land, prevented reinforcements crossing. By noon, reports began to arrive from the front line that the position had been restored.
217:
1714:) about 1,000 yd (910 m) behind the front line was also built. Communication trenches ran back to the reserve line, renamed the second position, which was as well built and wired as the first position. The second position was beyond the range of Allied field artillery, to force an attacker to delay the infantry advance until sufficient guns and ammunition had been brought forward.
2318:
infantry but the 6th and 8th companies of RIR 55 saw then in time to deploy and begin rapid fire and send SOS signals to the artillery, which drove back the
British. A platoon on the left of the 8th Company was trapped in their dugout and overrun before they could dig themselves out. Only a few men were able to prepare a trench block but they managed to repulse the British attacking from
2590:
the guns continued to barrage the communication and switch trenches, along which German reinforcements were seen moving all day. Reconnaissance reports from
British aircrew were deemed too vague to attempt artillery support. The four 18-pounders and the howitzer battery which came under the command of the 169th Brigade after zero hour were also bombarding German reinforcements. At
2460:
50–70 yd (46–64 m) deep along the German front line; the 300–400 yd (270–370 m) of no man's land in between being bare. Brigadier-General Shipley decided to delay until enough smoke bombs had been obtained. Before long it was realised that brigade operations were impossible and Montagu-Stuart-Wortley decided to co-ordinate a divisional attack at
2309:
reinforcements that got across to the German side were cut off by the German standing barrages on no man's land and the captured trenches. Carrying parties tried to cross with ammunition and bombs but were killed and from the front and flanks, German troops began to move towards the 168th and 169th brigade troops, who could not man a continuous line.
2144:
from right to left and an advanced trench was dug, similar to the one dug by the 56th (1st London) Division. Periodic smoke and gas discharges were to be made and wire-cutting bombardments fired. Moving the gas cylinders was so difficult that batmen, grooms and other non-combatant troops were pressed into service. For five days before
2391:(South Trench). In the smoke and dust, with the telephone lines cut the Germans used runners to report to battalion headquarters and the various commanders issued counter-attack orders in ignorance of each other's decisions. BIR 170 had similar trouble when the initial British rush led to N1 being rolled up from the left around
2839:(Schwaben Redoubt), Thiepval, Ovillers and Pozières from 8 to 22 July. RIR 91 was ordered to the Somme on 10 July and two companies took part in an abortive counter-attack from Bazentin Wood on 12 July, suffering many casualties. In August, I Battalion, RGR 15 fought at Martinpuich, the II Battalion at
3129:
Falkenhayn implied after the war, that the psychology of German soldiers, shortage of manpower and lack of reserves made the policy inescapable, since the troops necessary to seal off breakthroughs did not exist. High losses incurred in holding ground by a policy of no retreat were preferable to even
2696:
In N3 the British held all three trenches near Bock Farm (Nameless Farm to the British) and during the afternoon tried to reinforce the troops in the German lines but each attempt was a costly failure and a German medical officer appeared under a white flag and offered a truce to bring in the wounded
2572:
About thirteen German infantry companies began to counter-attack the 56th (1st London) Division lodgement with short bursts of intense artillery-fire followed by infantry bombing attacks. One or two guns about 3,000 yd (1.7 mi; 2.7 km) south-east of the top of Puisieux valley firing in
2407:
but the defenders, who had been forced out of the first trench managed to hold on. The rest of the 5th Company, BIR 170 held the left side of N3 and those in N4 repulsed the British attack as the German artillery barraged no man's land and prevented reinforcements moving to the support of the British
2143:
The 37th Division on the northern (left) flank of VII Corps, held a front 4.5 mi (7.2 km) from north of Gommecourt to Ransart and was to induce the Germans to expect an attack by simulating preparations. No man's land was too wide for an attack, being 1,000–500 yd (910–460 m) deep
2126:
in support and the 1/8th Sherwood Foresters in reserve, with one battalion to hold the line between the attacking divisions; one battalion was to dig a communication trench parallel to the Foncquevillers–Gommecourt road, from the sugar mill after the attack (a start was made but German artillery fire
2042:
and nothing of the main attack depended on success at Gommecourt; success would only shorten the line by cutting off the salient. No force was provided to attack southwards to roll up the German lines to the south or capture the ridge running south-east behind the village. Snow and Allenby were ready
1814:
and then the bombardment was to move inwards to the second objective for eight minutes. The 46th (North Midland) Division field guns were to lift from the front to the support trench at zero and after three minutes to the reserve trench, five minutes after that to fall beyond the reserve trench until
1261:
on 1 July, the attack on Gommecourt began and the 56th (1st London) Division to the south, overran the first two German trenches. Troops also reached the third trench but a strongpoint at Nameless Farm held out despite several attacks. The German artillery fired a standing barrage along no man's land
2451:
up in the British front line and no man's land. Preparations began to bring back the creeping barrage but the men had to be rearranged in trenches which were crowded and full of mud, which took much time. Many of the units had suffered casualties and the 1/5th North Staffordshire had been reduced to
2450:
the 137th Brigade commander was sure that the attack was a failure and that this would add to the problems of the 139th Brigade and the 56th (1st London) Division. He decided on a new attack with the 1/5th South, 1/5th North Staffordshire and the rear waves of the 1/5th Leicester that was still held
2735:
After night fell, the 138th Brigade took over the 46th (North Midland) Division front with a battalion of the 139th Brigade attached and Brigadier-General G. C. Kemp sent the 1/5th Lincoln forward with the 1/5th Leicester as a right flank guard just after midnight, to reach the men thought still to
2723:
and re-captured. Isolated parties of British troops remained in pockets which were pushed back to the front line and some walking wounded tried to get back across no man's land, with left the last organised party of 75 men in Ferret Trench giving covering fire. The party was pushed into shell-holes
2581:
being destroyed by machine-gun fire from Gommecourt Park and the guns at Puisieux. Attempts by troops to bring in wounded to the British front line were tolerated by the Germans, a German medical officer under a white flag, saying that troops on the British side of the wire could be rescued as long
2503:
quickly enough to engage the British as they were crossing no man's land. Trench sentries had kept watch despite the artillery-fire and as soon as the bombardment lifted they gave the alarm and the men not slowed by damaged dugout entrances, took post within two minutes. The Germans sent up red SOS
2255:
On 24 June, the Germans captured a wounded soldier from a 1/5th North Staffordshire wiring party, who had been left behind and struggled towards the wrong front line. The private was interrogated, while semi-conscious through loss of blood, giving details of the British attack. On the north side of
2134:
The division was to form a pocket in the German defences north of Gommecourt from the front trench along the Fonquevillers–Gommecourt road to the north-east of Gommecourt and from there 500 yd (460 m) along Oxus Trench to angle back along Fortress, Foreign and Ouse trenches to the British
2058:
was in reserve, with two battalions detached to follow up the attacking brigades and occupy the German front line once the leading troops had moved on or provide working and carrying parties. The 168th Brigade was to capture the German third trench from Fame to Felon and set up strong points on the
2782:
German infantry were seen to emerge from dugouts and re-occupy the front line behind them and the following waves of British infantry being pinned down in no man's land, because of the barrage-fire of the German artillery, machine-gun and rifle fire. The Sherwood Foresters fought on all day but no
2589:
to the British front line. The Germans fired three barrages through the British positions followed by a counter-attack from the park, which prised the British out of the German third line. The infantry received little artillery support because VII Corps HQ had no knowledge of the German attack and
2544:
swept no man's land made it impossible for the British to cross and doomed those already in the German defences. The British mopping up parties who should have searched the dug-outs in the German front line never arrived and the parties underground who had to dig themselves out, now emerged behind
2490:
and the new smoke barrage had alerted the Germans who placed another standing barrage in no man's land. With smoke obscuration, a 150 yd (140 m) rush might have succeeded but the 350 yd (320 m) distance was impossible. None of the 1/5th and 1/7th Sherwood Foresters who got into
2303:
prisoners were escorted back but unfortunately about eighty were killed in no man's land by German artillery-fire and the rest were sent back to their dugouts. The German bombardment increased to the point that the party digging the trench to protect the right flank could not begin and many of the
1804:
Half of the guns of the HAGs firing on trenches were to lift two minutes before zero hour and the rest at zero hour to the east half of the inner flanks of the first objective at Ems Trench south of the village and Oxus Trench north of Gommecourt. The guns would then switch to the second objective
2605:
the Germans had recovered the second trench and established footings in the first trench. The 169th Brigade collected orderlies, clerks and servants to make a last attempt to get across to the British still holding out. VIII Corps had sent a message to Snow that another attack would be made after
2567:
The German success against the 46th (North Midland) Division attack left the 56th (1st London) Division dependent on the second attack being prepared by the 46th (North Midland) Division. On the 56th (1st London) Division front, German reinforcements of the 2nd Guard Reserve Division had begun to
2552:
got into the German line at X3, from where they tried to outflank X2 but the 12th Company of RGR 91 and part of the 9th Company saw the danger, outnumbered and overran the party. At X4, the British got as far as the second trench and set up a Lewis gun to fire on the north-west part of Gommecourt
2485:
shot down by machine-gun fire or shrapnel in 30 yd (27 m). On the right, the acting commander of the 1/5th South Staffordshire was wounded just before zero and giving no signal, no-one moved, all waiting for someone else to give the order. The commander of the 1/5th North Staffordshire,
2442:
by an observation crew. The Sherwood Foresters who were in the German front position were caught from behind by Germans coming up from their shelters, which should have been patrolled by the rear waves trapped in no man's land. The Germans prevented more troops from crossing into the German front
2437:
to suppress the German machine-guns. The following waves were also met by massed fire, the fourth wave never got forward as a formation and hardly any of the fifth and sixth waves got beyond the advanced trench. Contact with those who were forward was lost, despite the multiplicity of means used.
2416:
The 137th Brigade attack went wrong from the start; the smoke screen was so dense at first that men got lost and the advance was neither uniform nor simultaneous. After thirty minutes the smoke blew back and dispersed. The Germans were ready, mud around the British front line and in no man's land
2317:
Much of the wire in front of sector G5 had been cut, dug-out entrances demolished and the trenches flattened, particularly by British enfilade fire from Foncquevillers, nearly every shell hitting the trenches, making it impossible to keep sentries above ground. Smoke and dust shielded the British
2139:
when the bombardment ended, the attack on Gommecourt village was to begin. The first six waves of infantry were to start from the advanced trench dug in no man's land but it was in such poor condition that the 1/6th South Staffordshire decided to start from the front line and creep forward to the
1809:
and then move forward while the line was being consolidated. The artillery bombarding Gommecourt Park was to keep firing for three hours after zero. The 18-pounder field guns of both divisions were to fire in short lifts, those of the 56th (1st London) Division to lift at zero hour from the front
4562:
1769:. The 46th (North Midland) Division had to dig many long and deep communication trenches to counter the German observation over the area but in the 56th (1st London) Division area as far as Nameless Farm, the trenches of both sides were level, with a dip in between and a hedge along the bottom.
1517:
In January 1916, Joffre wanted the BEF to deplete German reserves by a large attack north of the Somme, on a 20,000 yd (11 mi; 18 km) front around 20 April and then attack elsewhere in May. Haig objected, since partial offensives would appear to be defeats, would not sufficiently
2958:
In January and February 1917, British attacks in the Ancre Valley had taken place against exhausted German troops holding the poor defensive positions left over from the fighting in 1916; many of the German troops in the valley were in waterlogged trenches suffering from exhaustion, intestinal
2774:
The aircraft had to fly through air disturbed by the barrage and were tossed around, then riddled with bullets when the infantry turned out to be German, three aircraft being hit by small-arms fire and made unserviceable but none shot down. An aircraft flying back from the front line to drop a
2308:
were also caught in no man's land, became casualties and could not participate in the next stage of the attack against the Quadrilateral. Some parties attacked from the third trench but only one party, moving via the cemetery, reached it where it was destroyed. The attacking battalions and the
1678:
with sixty divisions. The swift increase in the size of the British Army reduced the average level of experience within it and created an acute equipment shortage. Many officers resorted to directive command to avoid delegating to novices, yet divisional commanders were given great latitude in
2291:
having been used the night previous to cut the worst tangles. The German infantry had met the wire cutting vigorously, putting out concertina wire and fresh tangles in the gaps. Some troops had to bunch up to get through the gaps and some strayed in the smoke but the two leading 168th Brigade
2227:
The Guards had a good view of the British positions beyond no man's land, which was unusually wide; from the first line, 2nd Switch Line and the Intermediate Line, between which were many communication trenches, to allow the defenders to seal off a break in and surround the attackers. A field
1772:
Further on, both lines were on the west side of a wide valley between Rossignol Wood and Hébuterne, the British line on a forward and the German line on a reverse slope, with German artillery observation posts on the east side of the valley. The rear of the 56th (1st London) Division area was
2455:
Just after the orders were issued, the two Staffordshire battalion commanders were wounded, which caused another delay until Lieutenant-Colonel C. H. Jones (1/5th Leicester) could be found and two officers from the brigade HQ sent to assist form four waves. The man had trained for weeks for
1773:
invisible to ground observers up to Hébuterne but watched by German balloon observers. The main British posts were along the eastern fringe of Hébuterne and the ridge running south; the valley slope drained water from the area but the 46th (North Midland) Division front was flat and boggy.
2459:
The 139th Brigade had got into the German front line but sending over supplies and reinforcements could not be done without another smoke screen, since there were not even shell-holes for cover except for a 100 yd (91 m) patch in front of the British front line and a similar one
2770:
contact patrol aircraft over each division was maintained, then reduced to one aircraft only. The British infantry carried red flares to indicate their positions to the contact aeroplanes but none was ignited; the crews had to descend low enough to see the colour of troops' uniforms.
1583:
Despite the certainty by mid-June of an Anglo-French attack on the Somme against the 2nd Army, Falkenhayn sent only four divisions as reinforcements, keeping eight in the western strategic reserve. No divisions were moved from the 6th Army, despite it holding a shorter line with
2644:
the commanders of BIR 170, RIR 55, GIR 15 and GIR 77 began to plan a co-ordinated attack on the British lodgement. Major Tauscher, the commander of III Battalion RIR 55 was ordered forward from Bucquoy to expel the British from G5. Reinforcements from RGR 15 were sent along
2486:
seeing no movement, stopped the advance and waited on events. Snow, the corps commander, had heard that the 56th (1st London) Division had been repulsed, ordered the 137th Brigade attack to be cancelled, which arrived just in time, since the British re-bombardment from
2043:
to attack Gommecourt but suggested to GHQ that an operation closer to Arras would work better and be less costly. Haig rejected the alternative because it would have no influence on the German artillery close to Gommecourt, which was in range of the VIII Corps attack.
1381:, the west side of Hébuterne and the eastern fringe of Foncquevillers. On the north-west side of the salient, the German front line was below the crest of the west side of Essarts Ridge facing a shallow valley, with the British front line on the other side, which was
3183:
Later, when the German front line was seen to be full of Germans, firing at the 56th (1st London) Division troops trying to retreat over no man's land, the guns were so short of ammunition that no covering fire was provided, in case the Germans followed up with an
2477:
began the smoke bombardment and a thin continuous screen was achieved on the front of the 137th Brigade but only twenty bombs had been found for the 139th Brigade mortars and the smoke was wholly insufficient and Shipley ordered the advance to be stopped.
2870:
71 fewer than that given in the official history which is unusual, since some of the men reported missing turned up later and were removed from the list. Macdonald suggested that from his scrutiny of war diaries, regimental histories, the records of the
2401:. Attempts to get into N2 failed against accurate small-arms fire but the 5th Company, BIR 170 on the right of sector N3 were blinded by the British smoke and forced back to the third trench. Parties of British troops then swung north and attacked N2 at
3021:
day being set for five days later. The retirement was conducted in a slow and deliberate manner, through a series of defensive lines over 25 mi (40 km) at the deepest point, behind rear-guards, local counter-attacks and the demolitions of the
1447:
on 19 November but failed to capture the village after being held up by uncut wire. A diversion, the Battle of Hébuterne, was conducted by XI Corps from 7 to 13 June 1915 at Ferme Toutvent (Windy Farm), 2 mi (3.2 km) to the south, during the
2697:
which succeeded for a time and then a British gun opened fire and the rest of the wounded had to wait for dark. The headquarters of BIR 170 was eventually informed of the loss of N3 and sent forward the II Battalion and then a company from GIR 15 at
2685:, with reserves to be moved forward as they were needed. The attacks made slow progress and were costly for both sides as the British were forced back in hand-to-hand fighting. BIR 170 attacked at the same time as RIR 55, recaptured part of N2 by
2779:, spun down it and crashed but the crew escaped injury. Over the 46th (North Midland) Division, the observers watched the first waves of the Sherwood Foresters overrun the German front line and slowly reach the north end of Gommecourt Wood.
2135:
front line, with ten strong points built into the new line. The second objective was to meet the 56th (1st London) Division in the 1st Switch Line by advancing southwards from Oxus Trench along Fill Trench. At zero plus three hours
1788:
beyond the flanks of the corps, the 56th (1st London) Division from guns near Puisieux 3 mi (4.8 km) south-east of Gommecourt and the 46th (North Midland) Division from German batteries opposite the 37th Division around
1518:
reduce German reserves and give the Germans too much time to recover. On 14 February, Joffre dropped the preparatory offensives idea in favour of a combined offensive, where the French and British Armies met, astride the Somme in
1801:. The commander of the 46th (North Midland) Division directed that the German front trench was not to be bombarded so it could be used by the division and the bombardment was concentrated on the German reserve and support lines.
3130:
higher losses, voluntary withdrawals and the effect of a belief that soldiers had discretion to avoid battle. When a more flexible policy was substituted, decisions about withdrawal were still reserved for army commanders.
2059:
flanks and in the centre near Nameless Farm and dig a trench across no man's land to provide flank protection in the right. (VII Corps named German trenches systematically, on the right names were given with the spelling
2464:
with divisional and corps artillery in support but with no fresh troops. The 137th Brigade was to attack under cover of smoke and the 139th Brigade was to send troops for carrying parties. The attack was postponed until
2456:
particular tasks and took time to realise that all that had been overtaken by events. The rear lines and the carrying parties were blocking the trenches and with the mud and German shelling could only be cleared slowly.
4075:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: Macmillan.
1602:, indicated that Falkenhayn intended the counter-offensive against the British to be made north of the Somme once the British offensive had been shattered. If such Franco-British defeats were not enough, the
2424:
The first three waves of the 139th Brigade got into the German front line, despite many casualties and parties moved forward to the second trench, some troops straying to the left and being reported in The
3008:
at Fonquevillers, received the news and B Company began to dig a communication trench across no man's land; A Company formed carrying parties to bring up supplies. Rupprecht advocated a withdrawal to the
2282:
the leading troops went over the top, through a German barrage which had begun to fall on the front, second and communication trenches. The troops moved forward to tapes in no man's land and lay down. At
4097:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (Imperial War Museum and Battery Press ed.). London:
2845:
and the rest of the 2nd Guard Reserve Division spent periods on the Somme until the end of the battle. RGR 15 returned to Gommecourt and occupied the defences from 1 September 1916 to 23 February 1917.
2032:... assist in the operations of the Fourth Army by diverting against itself the fire of artillery and infantry which might otherwise be directed against the left flank of the main attack near Serre.
3105:, were to capture the German-occupied trenches south-east of Gommecourt during the night. The Australians bombed down 500 yd (460 m) of the trenches but the 2/8th West Yorks took until
2628:(a bank behind the trench protecting the occupants from fire from the rear) of the trench. German counter-attacks drove them into shell-holes near the German wire, where they held on until about
2624:
troops in the German trenches had been compressed into part of Ferret Trench 200 yd (180 m) from the park. The wounded were evacuated and the last Lewis guns set up on the parapet and
2990:
The Leicester occupied about 350 yd (320 m) of the German front line at Gommecourt and then advanced another 200 yd (180 m) with no casualties. As the Germans retreated to
1271:
The Germans retreated from the Bapaume Salient, created by the Battle of the Somme, in February 1917 and abandoned Gommecourt, which was occupied unopposed on 27 February. In 1918, during the
2585:
The British parties in the German trenches held off the German counter-attacks while their bomb supply and German grenades found in dug outs remained but by noon, the British began to signal
2594:
the 168th and 169th brigade troops still held the second and first trenches and the south end of Gommecourt Park. Groups of wounded men had been filtering back across no man's land since
2356:
in the first rush but the Germans in the third trench were ready for them and were only dislodged by flanking attacks along communication trenches. The RIR 55 pioneer company with about
2171:
1650:
and the Cavalry Division, had lost most of the army's pre-war regular soldiers in the battles of 1914 and 1915. The bulk of the British casualties were replaced by volunteers of the
4564:
The Evolution of the British Army's Logistical and Administrative Infrastructure and its Influence on GHQ's Operational and Strategic Decision-Making on the Western Front, 1914–1918
684:
1658:
of wartime volunteers, which had begun forming in August 1914. Rapid expansion created many vacancies for senior commands and specialist posts, which led to many retired officers (
6130:
2762:(RFC) and when the weather improved on 30 June, the squadron obtained a good set of photographs of the German defences and sent prints to VII Corps headquarters before dawn. From
1443:
and held against French counter-attacks, which were stopped 50 yd (46 m) short of the village, where the front settled until March 1917. The French XI Corps attacked at
3206:
during its relief of the 46th (North Midland) Division. The 46th divisional HQ was brought back into line, because the 58th Division was the least experienced division in France.
6145:
1452:. On a 2,000 yd (1,800 m) stretch of the German front line, an area 1,000 yd (910 m) deep was captured and held against German counter-attacks, at a cost of
6329:
2373:
but the local commander of the 7th Company concentrated on containing the British advance and managed to force the British under cover, 330 ft (100 m) short of the
281:
6782:
1608:
would attack the remnants of both armies and end the Entente for good. The unexpected duration of the Verdun offensive and the need to replace many exhausted units in the
1373:
and the bend in the line became known as the Gommecourt Salient. The village is atop four low, flat-topped ridges in the shape of a flattened X, the ends pointing towards
2538:
to the British) and were swiftly counter-attacked and driven back into shell-holes near the wire, where they were killed or captured. Enfilade fire from machine-guns in
2491:
the German defences came back but a few trickled back from shell-holes after dark, the battalions losing about 80 per cent casualties, including both commanders killed.
2573:
enfilade were particularly deadly. A standing barrage along no man's land made the passage of supplies and reinforcements extremely difficult from the start but around
230:
4058:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence (2nd ed.). London: Macmillan.
3082:. The battalion mistakenly attacked eastwards instead of skirting the wood and attacking from the north and was bogged down among German outposts near Nameless Farm.
6227:
1612:, depleted the German strategic reserve stationed behind the 6th Army and reduced the German counter-offensive strategy north of the Somme to one of static defence.
2438:
Telephones, flags, lamps, discs, shutters, pigeons, flares and rockets all failed due to casualties and no runner got through. All that was seen were two flares at
5864:
5035:
1385:
for about 2,000 yd (1,800 m) over the level ground to the rear of the British line, except where the ruins and trees of Fonquevillers blocked the view.
6306:
2156:
6334:
4848:
447:
6522:
6249:
5941:
4906:
2016:
The VII Corps of the Third Army was to carry out the diversion, north of a 2 mi (3.2 km) gap, held by two battalions, to the northern flank of the
677:
79:
6629:
2212:) and the centre and north by Reserve Infantry Regiment 55 (RIR 55) and Reserve Infantry Regiment 91 (RIR 91) of the 2nd Guard Reserve Division, with the
6767:
6537:
6292:
3109:
to get ready and only managed to reach the north end of Rossignol Wood. Despite the failure to re-capture the wood a gap between the Australians and the
6532:
6222:
6173:
6088:
2202:
2959:
complaints, hunger and thirst, leading to low morale and an unusual willingness to surrender. On 27 February, a two-man patrol of the 18th Battalion,
6777:
6376:
274:
6772:
1704:. Dugouts had been deepened from 6–9 ft (1.8–2.7 m) to 20–30 ft (6.1–9.1 m), 50 yd (46 m) apart and large enough for
914:
670:
373:
6217:
5582:
2935:
976:
651:
1598:
divisions and having three divisions of the OHL reserve in its rear area. The maintenance of the strength of the 6th Army at the expense of the
5013:
5075:
2598:
but nothing could be seen of the 46th (North Midland) Division and news arrived that the VIII Corps attack at Serre to the south had failed.
2620:
46th (North Midland) Division battalions remaining. Snow ordered both divisions to be ready to support the VIII Corps attack. The remaining
2499:
Against the 46th (North Midland) Division, the right flank units of RIR 55 and RGR 91 were able to get out of their deep dugouts in sectors
2127:
made it impossible to continue). The 138th Brigade was in reserve less two battalions and each brigade had a Field Company RE and the 1/1st
209:
6277:
6207:
5846:
5065:
4976:
2469:
but then the 139th Brigade reported that there were still no smoke bombs, neither brigade attacked and after more delays, zero was set for
1810:
trench to the reserve trench for four minutes and then for six minutes just beyond. The German communication trenches were to be swept for
1740:
1427:
1281:
1 March – 18 July), the British dug an improvised defensive position, the Purple Line, to the south, east and north of the village but the
267:
2481:
One battalion commander unilaterally cancelled the attack before the order arrived and of twenty men who crossed the parapet on the left,
1530:
and the costly French defence of the Meuse Heights eventually reduced the French contribution to the Somme offensive from three armies to
1502:
as Commander-in-Chief of the BEF. Haig favoured a British offensive in Flanders close to BEF supply routes, to drive the Germans from the
6301:
5199:
4653:
2167:
609:
2504:
flares to the German artillery, which had already commenced harassing fire and the gunners responded with fire at maximum rate from the
2224:
with four regiments. Reserve Guard Regiment 77 (RGR 77) was north of the salient and Reserve Guard Regiment 15 (RGR 15) was in reserve.
4876:
1268:) on 5 July. After several local truces, the British wounded were got in during 1 and 2 July, after which the area became a backwater.
5206:
4439:
2797:
2673:
was not feasible and Tauscher found that the British were in N1 and N3 but this clarified the situation and he ordered attacks along
1643:
1374:
897:
4858:
6527:
2724:
and ran the gauntlet across no man's land, losing many casualties to small-arms fire, the survivors reaching the British lines at
6459:
6297:
6284:
6241:
6150:
5876:
5685:
5592:
5494:
5252:
4899:
2213:
3050:(1 March – 18 July), the purple line, an improvised defensive position, was dug to the south, east and north of Gommecourt. The
6651:
6641:
6509:
2918:
no more than could be expected from normal wastage. The 2nd Guard Reserve Division lost three light field howitzers damaged; a
2193:
3995:. The Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. Vol. IV (11th ed.). Canberra: Australian War Memorial.
6423:
6357:
6194:
6073:
5746:
4772:
4628:
4510:
4468:
4328:
4303:
4284:
4265:
4246:
4227:
4204:
4185:
4163:
4144:
4125:
4106:
4080:
4041:
4022:
4000:
2111:
2181:), made up of pre-war conscripts from Guards regiments, was posted to the Gommecourt Salient to join the XIV Reserve Corps (
6598:
6018:
4810:
2176:
1192:
366:
1679:
training and planning for the attack of 1 July, since the heterogeneous nature of the army of 1916 made it impossible for
6369:
5328:
4833:
1758:
1750:
1663:
1243:
1235:
1189:
619:
555:
6583:
2028:. Snow was not informed of the attack until 28 April, although the attack was postponed to 1 July. The objective was to
6568:
5858:
5267:
5025:
4056:
Military Operations, France and Belgium: Mons, the Retreat to the Seine, the Marne and the Aisne, August – October 1914
2872:
2115:
1737:
A subsidiary attack was planned at Gommecourt, forgoing a counter-attack at Vimy Ridge to recapture the ground lost in
1569:
1220:
762:
6443:
6137:
5953:
5232:
4703:
3110:
3102:
3098:
1419:
1330:
1326:
715:
1246:) moved into the area for the attack. By 10 May, both divisions had taken over the front on the right flank of the
5695:
5630:
4668:
2299:
boards were hoisted in the three front trenches to show that they had been captured and consolidation began. About
2295:
The attackers put out signals to the RFC crews observing the attack, sent runners to battalion headquarters and at
1410:
1402:
1131:
4258:
The Other Side of the Wire: The Battle of the Somme. With the German XIV Reserve Corps: September 1914 – June 1916
1522:, to begin around 1 July. A smaller attack from La Bassée to Ypres would take place a week or two earlier and the
6694:
6499:
6479:
6266:
6202:
6025:
5894:
4805:
4725:
4663:
3051:
1746:
1526:
would be relieved in early June as more British divisions arrived in France. A week later, the Germans began the
1282:
1228:
833:
545:
501:
359:
5366:
2220:
with three regiments, two occupying the front line with one in reserve and the 2nd Guard Reserve Division was a
1510:
and destroyer threat to cross-Channel traffic from Belgian waters. Haig was not formally subordinate to General
6494:
6489:
6484:
6474:
6168:
4820:
4795:
4693:
4095:
Military Operations France and Belgium 1917: The German Retreat to the Hindenburg Line and the Battles of Arras
3193:
Several days later, a German aircraft dropped a list of prisoners taken at Gommecourt and the RFC did the same.
3075:
3071:
2968:
2328:
an artillery observer reported that about two British companies had captured N1 and N2 and got forward between
1766:
1634:
1499:
1329:, attacked the German positions to the south-east. The attack failed but a gap between the Australians and the
1302:
1294:
1247:
1232:
2582:
as there was a cease-fire but the truce was broken by a British field gun bombarding the German front trench.
6469:
6464:
6428:
6362:
6254:
6100:
5690:
5542:
5080:
5008:
4939:
4708:
4678:
4673:
4073:
Military Operations France and Belgium, 1916: Sir Douglas Haig's Command to the 1st July: Battle of the Somme
2976:
2964:
2189:
1754:
1630:
1572:), which held the Western Front from Hannescamps, 11 mi (18 km) south-west of Arras, northwards to
1239:
855:
779:
6762:
6418:
6045:
5985:
5882:
5787:
5557:
5343:
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4785:
3203:
2767:
2443:
position and were seen bombing the British troops who had taken cover in shell-holes near the German wire.
1298:
1196:
954:
784:
614:
6656:
6093:
6078:
5936:
5888:
5660:
5211:
5085:
4998:
4993:
4762:
4750:
4745:
3171:
3159:
3005:
2834:
2577:
two platoons and a machine-gun crew managed to cross and were the last parties to succeed, an attempt at
2017:
1671:
1495:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1185:
1177:
1154:
1126:
1106:
939:
694:
567:
562:
166:
5272:
4118:
German Strategy and the Path to Verdun: Erich von Falkenhayn and the Development of Attrition, 1870–1916
796:
6752:
6636:
6593:
5870:
5635:
5620:
5522:
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4871:
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4314:
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2047:
1781:
1762:
1216:
1101:
1091:
1069:
1003:
919:
909:
882:
710:
2667:(Birch Wood), to co-ordinate the operation. As the British were well dug in, an attack south from the
1514:
but the British played a lesser role on the Western Front and perforce complied with French strategy.
6787:
6578:
6346:
5930:
5918:
5680:
5665:
5386:
5277:
4971:
4949:
4698:
4688:
4621:
3155:
2278:
a smoke screen was begun from the left flank and after five minutes had covered the attack front. At
1697:
1422:
drove the group of divisions comprising the 81st, 82nd, 84th and 88th Territorial divisions (General
1346:
1224:
1149:
1121:
1076:
1059:
1015:
929:
850:
806:
801:
589:
69:
5532:
452:
340:
6553:
6040:
6030:
5959:
5912:
5900:
5840:
5655:
5650:
5572:
4981:
4954:
4658:
4277:
The Other Side of the Wire: The Battle of the Somme. With the German XIV Reserve Corps, 1 July 1916
3090:
1696:) for the bulk of the front-trench garrison and the third trench for local reserves. Trenches were
1667:
1620:
1609:
1599:
1558:
1314:
1173:
1116:
1054:
1030:
934:
860:
577:
572:
535:
442:
2363:
Attempts by the 56th (1st London) Division troops to broaden the penetration were thwarted and at
2054:
on a 900 yd (820 m) front from the south edge of Gommecourt Park to the south-east. The
1426:) back from Hébuterne, Gommecourt and Monchy au Bois to the north. Gommecourt was captured by the
6757:
6624:
6616:
6558:
6318:
6013:
5776:
5610:
5605:
5537:
5396:
5381:
5376:
5356:
5237:
5114:
3094:
3086:
3079:
3047:
1626:
1449:
1358:
1322:
1310:
1306:
1278:
1081:
1042:
1020:
870:
811:
737:
474:
430:
425:
400:
335:
330:
291:
5577:
2545:
the foremost British troops and joined in the return fire against the British in no man's land.
6391:
6115:
6050:
5906:
5640:
5567:
5517:
5502:
5484:
5457:
5371:
5338:
5003:
4964:
4944:
4755:
4648:
4601:
2632:
and then retreated after using the last of their ammunition, losing many men in no man's land.
2161:
Official Photographs taken on the Front in France, a German front line trench before Gommecourt
2128:
1777:
1200:
1096:
1064:
1025:
993:
924:
892:
865:
838:
747:
634:
528:
506:
484:
405:
305:
4156:
The War in the Air, Being the Story of the Part Played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force
4137:
When the Barrage Lifts: A Topographical History and Commentary on the Battle of the Somme 1916
1394:
875:
604:
523:
6381:
6035:
5924:
5700:
5670:
5600:
5547:
5469:
5437:
5411:
5361:
5292:
5194:
5147:
4931:
4800:
4683:
2972:
2960:
2702:
2107:
2103:
1785:
1544:
1475:
1415:
1111:
1086:
944:
826:
730:
540:
259:
247:
243:
73:
4580:
4546:
4528:
4411:
4373:
4355:
2021:
1204:
479:
6731:
6646:
5333:
5307:
5257:
4614:
4051:
3151:
2855:
2119:
1554:
1550:
1251:
998:
491:
467:
410:
310:
171:
5282:
2987:
C and D companies advanced towards Gommecourt by platoons, without artillery preparation.
2192:). The south side of the salient was held by Baden Infantry Regiment 170 (BIR 170) of the
8:
6713:
5852:
5716:
5675:
5552:
5512:
5507:
5452:
5135:
5129:
5030:
3147:
3143:
2217:
2207:
1655:
1647:
1523:
1208:
1008:
964:
959:
774:
752:
584:
462:
457:
420:
383:
325:
45:
32:
6666:
2866:
In 2006, Alan Macdonald used the figures of the 56th divisional adjutant who calculated
2640:
The communication difficulties of the German commanders began to be resolved and around
6673:
6588:
5947:
5811:
5793:
5758:
5722:
5562:
5527:
5479:
5464:
5351:
5302:
5141:
5100:
4780:
4498:
3055:
2939:
2759:
2755:
2110:
and 1/5th North Staffordshire in support. The 1/5th Lincolnshire was attached from the
1286:
1254:) and begun training for the operation, making no attempt to conceal the preparations.
981:
821:
742:
550:
518:
236:
40:
720:
6706:
6700:
6661:
6563:
6396:
5979:
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5447:
5427:
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5247:
5177:
5165:
4866:
4843:
4790:
4568:
4534:
4506:
4486:
4464:
4447:
4399:
4361:
4324:
4299:
4280:
4261:
4242:
4223:
4200:
4181:
4159:
4140:
4121:
4102:
4076:
4059:
4037:
4018:
4010:
3996:
3167:
2744:
2709:
On the north side of the British lodgement the counter-attack on G5 had succeeded by
2288:
1651:
1227:
Salient, the most westerly point of the Western Front. In the first week of May, the
1047:
988:
791:
646:
415:
315:
1423:
5764:
5734:
5728:
5645:
5474:
5442:
5432:
5171:
5095:
5090:
5018:
4838:
4738:
2123:
1687:
1527:
1436:
1212:
949:
725:
513:
496:
4197:
Bloody Victory: The Sacrifice on the Somme and the making of the Twentieth Century
3990:
3036:
2433:
by RFC observation crews, which stopped the British artillery from firing on 'The
1727:
6573:
6413:
5752:
5312:
5287:
4986:
4894:
4733:
4320:
4173:
3063:
2943:
2827:
and the III Battalion held ground around Pozières, Martinpuich and Bazentin from
2221:
2184:
2131:(Monmouth), the divisional pioneer battalion, was to dig communication trenches.
1181:
1144:
816:
641:
3202:
The 138th Brigade of the 46th (North Midland) Division had been attached to the
2287:
the troops rose and began the attack, finding most of the German wire well cut,
1195:) as a diversion, to protect the northern flank of the main attack. The British
6406:
6386:
6057:
5770:
5615:
5406:
5297:
5153:
5057:
5040:
4158:. Vol. II (Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Clarendon Press.
2749:
Replica B.E.2c similar to those flown by 8 Squadron RFC (Shoreham Airshow, 2013
2106:
with the 1/6th South Staffordshire and the 1/6th North Staffordshire, with the
2025:
1491:
1444:
1378:
1350:
887:
757:
624:
137:
6746:
6517:
5805:
5799:
5242:
5159:
5070:
4538:
4451:
4403:
4365:
4063:
2606:
dark and with two fresh battalions of the 56th (1st London) Division and the
2474:
1564:
1511:
1362:
769:
240:
152:
94:
81:
4572:
4490:
4178:
Pro Patria Mori: The 56th (1st London) Division at Gommecourt, 1st July 1916
1365:. From late 1914 to early 1917, the Western Front turned north-east towards
5967:
5401:
4478:
3986:
3015:
on 28 January, which was authorised by Ludendorff on 4 February, the first
2919:
2360:
and a company of Pioneer Battalion 10 managed to stop the British advance.
1794:
1318:
1264:
4391:
The Operational Role of British Corps Command on the Western Front 1914–18
4216:
3243:
1370:
1354:
6178:
6083:
5781:
5216:
4637:
4090:
2661:
Taucher reached the reserve battle headquarters at Hill 147, west of the
2395:
and forced back the garrisons of the first and second trenches back into
1674:
in early 1915, then the BEF in December, which eventually comprised five
2816:
2367:
the commander of II Battalion, RIR 55 ordered a counter-attack from the
1780:
used for wire cutting, the corps artillery was under the command of the
1662:) and inexperienced newcomers being appointed. In 1914, Haig had been a
1464:
4357:
The 46th (North Midland) Division T. F. on the Western Front, 1915–1918
2971:
went through Gommecourt Park and found the village deserted. The 1/4th
1854:
1675:
1573:
1456:
The area around Gommecourt was taken over by the British in July 1915.
629:
4389:
4360:(PhD thesis) (online ed.). Birmingham: University of Birmingham.
5973:
5740:
3841:
2948:
1798:
1503:
4461:
The Fifty Sixth Division 1914–1918 (1st London Territorial Division)
2823:
II Battalion, RGR 77 was stationed at Bazentin and Martinpuich from
2102:
The 46th (North Midland) Division attack was to be conducted by the
6233:
3139:
1382:
351:
4485:(repr. Cedric Chivers ed.). London: Hodder & Stoughton.
3960:
3958:
3059:
2625:
1858:
1790:
1701:
1519:
1290:
1172:
was a British operation against the northern flank of the German
4015:
Pyrrhic victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War
3819:
3817:
3322:
2075:. Communication trenches were named after rivers beginning with
662:
2548:
The British smoke screen and dust limited visibility and about
1507:
4606:
4567:(PhD thesis) (online ed.). London: University of London.
4533:(PhD thesis) (online ed.). London: University of London.
4398:(PhD thesis) (online ed.). London: University of London.
3955:
3865:
289:
6401:
4576:
4542:
4407:
4369:
3814:
3622:
3620:
3410:
3408:
2886:
were killed or died of wounds. RIR 55 and 91 and BIR 170 had
2568:
move from the north, east and south, soon after zero hour at
1680:
1577:
1494:
to move troops between fronts. In December 1915, General Sir
1366:
3721:
3709:
3668:
3656:
3593:
3581:
3545:
3521:
2046:
The 56th (1st London) Division attack was to be made by the
4298:(Greenwood Press, NY ed.). London: Faber & Faber.
4098:
3768:
3766:
3533:
2858:, recorded that the 46th (North Midland) Division suffered
1683:
and army commanders to know the capacity of each division.
3853:
3680:
3644:
3617:
3605:
3557:
3497:
3485:
3461:
3405:
3074:
was ordered to man the purple line and a battalion of its
1823:
guns were to lift to the second objective until zero plus
1478:
from 6 to 8 December 1915. Simultaneous offensives on the
4241:(Pen & Sword Military ed.). London: Leo Cooper.
3802:
3790:
3738:
3736:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3378:
3376:
3351:
3349:
3259:
2713:
leaving the last British troops in the second trench and
2635:
2562:
2216:
on the northern flank. The 52nd and 111th divisions were
1700:
and had sentry-posts in concrete recesses built into the
1293:
to the east stopped the German advance. On 28 March, the
3892:
3763:
3361:
1333:
was closed and the German threat to Gommecourt removed.
4463:(Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Murray.
4316:
The Story of the 62nd (West Riding) Division, 1914–1919
4036:(Phoenix ed.). London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
3943:
3931:
3909:
3907:
3753:
3751:
3271:
2979:
of the 138th Brigade, 46th (North Midland) Division at
2601:
The parties in the German trenches were trapped and by
2528:
troops got through the wire into the front trench near
4260:. Vol. I (pbk. rpr. ed.). Solihull: Helion.
3829:
3733:
3692:
3632:
3569:
3509:
3473:
3449:
3437:
3420:
3388:
3373:
3346:
3312:
3310:
2248:
with BIR 170 of the 52nd Division, which held sectors
1490:
by the Franco-British armies, would deny time for the
3919:
3882:
3880:
3334:
3295:
3231:
3219:
2890:
In 2013, Ralph Whitehead wrote that the Germans took
2494:
2312:
1215:. To extend the attack front of the Fourth Army, the
3904:
3778:
3748:
3283:
3113:
had been closed and the threat to Gommecourt ended.
2705:
the Germans attacked N2 and N3, recapturing them by
6783:
Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom
4296:
If Germany Attacks: The Battle in Depth in the West
4180:. Liskeard: Exposure Publishing for Diggory Press.
4034:
Through German Eyes: The British and the Somme 1916
3307:
2775:message flew into the 5 Section balloon cable near
4530:British Intelligence and the German Army 1914–1918
4215:
4172:
3877:
3847:
2657:and more troops were moved forward to Bucquoy. At
2524:covering the 1.2 mi (2 km) front. About
1301:) occupied the purple line and a battalion of the
3093:to the south of Bucquoy and the 2/8th Battalion,
2875:and other records, the casualties on 1 July were
2854:Writing in 1932, the British official historian,
6744:
2815:I Battalion, RGR 77 took part in the defence of
2411:
2379:, where they established two Lewis guns between
1353:(Funky Villas to the British) and north-east of
5583:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers
1361:. The village is 9.3 mi (15 km) from
1176:. The attack took place on 1 July 1916, on the
3101:, ordered up from reserve and attached to the
2754:The operations at Gommecourt were observed by
4622:
3992:The Australian Imperial Force in France, 1917
2898:missing and taken prisoner. BIR 170 reported
2269:
678:
367:
275:
3023:
3016:
3010:
2991:
2840:
2832:
2714:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2652:
2646:
2554:
2539:
2529:
2519:
2513:
2402:
2396:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2319:
2243:
2229:
2197:
2182:
1738:
1709:
1708:. An intermediate line of strongpoints (the
1691:
1603:
1562:
1542:
1474:Allied strategy for 1916 was decided at the
1431:
1408:
1400:
1272:
6066:
4497:
4458:
4213:
4017:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press.
3796:
2936:Operations on the Ancre, January–March 1917
2929:
1207:southwards to the boundary with the French
6768:Battles of the Western Front (World War I)
4629:
4615:
4438:
4274:
3871:
3823:
3808:
3253:
3058:) was dug in around the eastern fringe of
1765:area and took over the right flank of the
1184:. The attack was conducted by the British
685:
671:
374:
360:
293:Battle of Albert (1916) tactical incidents
282:
268:
4255:
3727:
3715:
3674:
3662:
3599:
3587:
3551:
3527:
2953:Bassin de la Somme; shows the Ancre River
1686:Despite considerable debate among German
1637:marching to the front line, 28 June 1916.
1459:
1399:On 4 October 1914, German attacks by the
143:
128:
6778:Battles of World War I involving Germany
5865:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
4194:
3949:
3035:
2947:
2743:
2155:
2114:in reserve for carrying parties. In the
1726:
1619:
1615:
1463:
6773:Battles of World War I involving France
6242:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
4387:
4236:
4199:(1st ed.). London: Little, Brown.
4134:
4070:
4050:
4009:
3859:
3835:
3742:
3703:
3686:
3650:
3638:
3626:
3611:
3575:
3563:
3539:
3515:
3503:
3491:
3479:
3467:
3455:
3443:
3431:
3414:
3399:
3382:
3355:
3340:
3301:
3289:
3277:
3265:
3249:
3237:
3225:
2242:on the left. The regiment connected at
1722:
1223:) of the Third Army was to capture the
6745:
4353:
4312:
4239:The German Army on the Somme 1914–1916
3964:
3925:
2636:2nd Guard Reserve Division (afternoon)
2563:56th (1st London) Division (afternoon)
2151:
6195:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia
5538:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)
4610:
4477:
4293:
4153:
4115:
4089:
4031:
3937:
3913:
3898:
3784:
3772:
3757:
3367:
3328:
3316:
3041:Modern map of Gommecourt and vicinity
2112:138th (Lincoln and Leicester) Brigade
1732:Modern map of Gommecourt and vicinity
1625:Men of the 10th (Service) Battalion,
666:
355:
263:
6599:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
3985:
3886:
2926:gun were knocked out by shell hits.
6528:Ottomans against the Triple Entente
5329:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
2862:and the 56th (1st London) Division
2808:the German defenders had inflicted
1759:Edward James Montagu-Stuart-Wortley
381:
13:
5268:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
4427:
4279:. Vol. II. Solihull: Helion.
2873:Commonwealth War Graves Commission
2495:2nd Guard Reserve Division (north)
2313:2nd Guard Reserve Division (south)
2116:139th (Sherwood Foresters) Brigade
1570:Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria
1349:is a village to the south-east of
216:
14:
6799:
4595:
4120:(pbk. ed.). Cambridge: CUP.
2739:
2252:and RGR 15 was in close reserve.
692:
16:Battle during the First World War
5631:Second Battle of the Piave River
5253:Russian invasion of East Prussia
1670:and was promoted to command the
1317:to the south of Bucquoy and the
1170:Attack on the Gommecourt Salient
215:
208:
145:
130:
39:
26:Attack on the Gommecourt Salient
6695:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo
5895:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
4636:
4444:Soldier from the Wars Returning
4232:– via Archive Foundation.
3196:
3187:
3177:
3133:
3123:
3052:62nd (2nd West Riding) Division
3004:A and B companies of the 1/4th
2802:Soldier from the Wars Returning
1829:
1782:Corps Commander Royal Artillery
1486:by the Italian army and on the
1283:62nd (2nd West Riding) Division
6518:Austria-Hungary against Serbia
6377:Deportations from East Prussia
6174:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia
4214:Prior, R.; Wilson, T. (2005).
1741:Unternehmen Schleswig-Holstein
1:
6429:Ukrainian Canadian internment
3973:
2876:
2849:
2412:46th (North Midland) Division
1755:46th (North Midland) Division
1341:
1336:
1244:Edward Montagu-Stuart-Wortley
1240:46th (North Midland) Division
6584:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement
5883:Estonian War of Independence
5558:Southern Palestine offensive
4602:WWI Battlefields: Gommecourt
4459:Dudley Ward, C. H. (2001) .
3331:, pp. 248–249, 206–207.
3213:
3204:58th (2/1st London) Division
2786:
2408:inside the German defences.
2340:through the cemetery to the
2304:bombers ready to advance at
2172:Richard von Süßkind-Schwendi
2095:-lon Trench was in front of
1482:by the Russian army, on the
1403:Höhere Kavallerie-Kommando 2
1388:
1229:56th (1/1st London) Division
7:
6538:USA against Austria-Hungary
5937:Turkish War of Independence
5889:Latvian War of Independence
5621:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918
5212:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
4520:
2791:
2730:
1644:British Expeditionary Force
1469:The Western Front 1915–1916
1155:Western Front tactics, 1917
10:
6804:
6621:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk
6169:1899–1923 cholera pandemic
5636:Second Battle of the Marne
5523:Second battle of the Aisne
5392:Second Battle of Champagne
5233:German invasion of Belgium
4503:The First Day on the Somme
4432:
4275:Whitehead, R. J. (2013a).
4256:Whitehead, R. J. (2013) .
4139:. Norwich: Gliddon Books.
2933:
2270:56th (1st London) Division
2168:2nd Guard Reserve Division
2056:167th (1st London) Brigade
2052:169th (3rd London) Brigade
2048:168th (2nd London) Brigade
1747:56th (1st London) Division
1717:
1392:
396:Battles of the Somme, 1916
48:1 July – 18 November 1916.
6727:
6686:
6607:
6546:
6508:
6452:
6441:
6402:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)
6345:
6317:
6265:
6187:
6161:
6113:
6006:
5999:
5931:Irish War of Independence
5827:
5709:
5681:Armistice of Villa Giusti
5666:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
5591:
5493:
5420:
5321:
5278:First Battle of the Marne
5225:
5187:
5122:
5113:
5056:
4930:
4919:
4885:
4857:
4819:
4771:
4724:
4717:
4644:
4505:. London: Penguin Books.
4346:
4222:. Yale University Press.
3078:was ordered to recapture
3000:occupied the village. At
2766:a standing patrol of one
2473:Ten minutes before zero,
2264:
2259:
2108:1/5th South Staffordshire
1793:Wood, some of the German
1534:on the southern flank of
1369:and thence northwards to
702:
393:
301:
203:
190:
177:
159:
122:
52:
38:
30:
25:
6554:Constantinople Agreement
5847:Armenian–Azerbaijani War
5710:Co-belligerent conflicts
5686:Second Romanian campaign
5656:Third Transjordan attack
5367:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
5273:Battle of Grand Couronné
4174:MacDonald (pseud.), Alan
4071:Edmonds, J. E. (1993) .
3978:
3967:, pp. 144, 159–160.
3116:
3062:, having retreated from
2930:Occupation of Gommecourt
2238:and RIR 55 held sectors
2124:1/6th Sherwood Foresters
2122:were to attack with the
2120:1/7th Sherwood Foresters
6617:Modus vivendi of Acroma
6569:Bulgaria–Germany treaty
5877:Greater Poland Uprising
5777:National Protection War
5661:Meuse–Argonne offensive
5611:German spring offensive
5606:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
5382:Siege of Novogeorgievsk
5357:Second Battle of Artois
5238:Battle of the Frontiers
4319:. Vol. I. London:
3848:MacDonald (pseud.) 2006
3797:Prior & Wilson 2005
3095:West Yorkshire Regiment
3091:4th Australian Division
3048:German spring offensive
3031:
2719:which were attacked at
1840:(23 June – 1 July 1916)
1627:East Yorkshire Regiment
1450:Second Battle of Artois
1323:West Yorkshire Regiment
1315:4th Australian Division
1043:German spring offensive
6642:Paris Peace Conference
6630:Ukraine–Central Powers
6424:Massacres of Albanians
6392:Late Ottoman genocides
6199:Bulgarian occupations
5907:Third Anglo-Afghan War
5871:Hungarian–Romanian War
5696:Naval Victory Bulletin
5691:Armistice with Germany
5641:Hundred Days Offensive
5568:Battle of La Malmaison
5518:Second battle of Arras
5485:Battle of Transylvania
5339:Second Battle of Ypres
5207:Sarajevo assassination
5096:South African Republic
4446:. London: Hutchinson.
4354:Peaple, S. P. (2003).
4294:Wynne, G. C. (1976) .
4154:Jones, H. A. (2002) .
4116:Foley, R. T. (2007) .
3087:4th Australian Brigade
3043:
3024:
3017:
3011:
2992:
2955:
2914:RGR 15 and RGR 77 had
2841:
2833:
2751:
2715:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2653:
2647:
2555:
2540:
2534:((Swallow's Nest, the
2530:
2520:
2514:
2403:
2397:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2320:
2244:
2230:
2198:
2183:
2163:
2129:Monmouthshire Regiment
2040:
2020:, which was to attack
1797:protected by concrete
1739:
1734:
1710:
1692:
1639:
1604:
1563:
1543:
1471:
1460:Strategic developments
1432:
1411:General der Kavallerie
1409:
1401:
1311:4th Australian Brigade
1273:
1201:First day on the Somme
1180:in France, during the
306:First Day on the Somme
160:Commanders and leaders
6652:Treaty of St. Germain
6625:Russia–Central Powers
6579:Sykes–Picot Agreement
6407:Pontic Greek genocide
6382:Destruction of Kalisz
6358:Eastern Mediterranean
5919:Polish–Lithuanian War
5701:Armistice of Belgrade
5671:Armistice of Salonica
5601:Operation Faustschlag
5548:Third Battle of Oituz
5470:Baranovichi offensive
5438:Lake Naroch offensive
5412:Battle of Robat Karim
5387:Vistula–Bug offensive
5362:Battles of the Isonzo
5293:First Battle of Ypres
4561:Brown, I. M. (1996).
4237:Sheldon, J. (2006) .
4195:Philpott, W. (2009).
3039:
2961:Durham Light Infantry
2951:
2906:and RIR 91 had about
2747:
2703:hurricane bombardment
2159:
2030:
1778:18-pounder field guns
1730:
1623:
1616:Tactical developments
1545:Oberste Heeresleitung
1498:replaced General Sir
1467:
1416:Georg von der Marwitz
1309:. As night fell, the
191:Casualties and losses
6647:Treaty of Versailles
6363:Mount Lebanon famine
6278:in the United States
6246:Russian occupations
5960:Turkish–Armenian War
5901:Polish–Ukrainian War
5841:Ukrainian–Soviet War
5788:Central Asian Revolt
5578:Armistice of Focșani
5308:Battle of Sarikamish
5258:Battle of Tannenberg
4654:Military engagements
4388:Simpson, A. (2001).
4313:Wyrall, E. (2003) .
4135:Gliddon, G. (1987).
3874:, pp. 177, 179.
3542:, pp. 131, 139.
3252:, pp. 402–405;
3097:(West Yorks) of the
2352:. RIR 55 lost about
2321:Patroullien Wäldchen
2218:triangular divisions
1745:. In early May, the
1723:British preparations
1555:Erich von Falkenhayn
1551:German General Staff
1476:Chantilly Conference
1407:(II Cavalry Corps),
1219:(Lieutenant-General
1150:French Army mutinies
1145:1914 Christmas truce
915:Hohenzollern Redoubt
556:Butte de Warlencourt
231:class=notpageimage|
172:Erich von Falkenhayn
95:50.14083°N 2.64611°E
6763:Battle of the Somme
6714:They shall not pass
6637:Treaty of Bucharest
6594:Treaty of Bucharest
6533:USA against Germany
6510:Declarations of war
6214:German occupations
6127:British casualties
5986:Soviet–Georgian War
5913:Egyptian Revolution
5853:Armeno-Georgian War
5717:Somaliland campaign
5676:Armistice of Mudros
5553:Battle of Caporetto
5543:Battle of Mărășești
5513:Zimmermann telegram
5508:February Revolution
5453:Battle of the Somme
5377:Bug-Narew Offensive
5352:Battle of Gallipoli
5344:Sinking of the RMS
5136:Scramble for Africa
5130:Franco-Prussian War
4786:Sinai and Palestine
4396:discovery.ucl.ac.uk
4032:Duffy, C. (2007) .
3901:, pp. 101–102.
3862:, pp. 474–475.
3850:, pp. 434–435.
3826:, pp. 177–178.
3775:, pp. 210–211.
3730:, pp. 160–165.
3718:, pp. 154–159.
3689:, pp. 471–472.
3677:, pp. 145–147.
3665:, pp. 141–145.
3653:, pp. 469–471.
3629:, pp. 467–468.
3614:, pp. 466–467.
3602:, pp. 150–152.
3590:, pp. 148–150.
3566:, pp. 463–464.
3554:, pp. 140–141.
3530:, pp. 136–138.
3506:, pp. 459–460.
3494:, pp. 465–466.
3470:, pp. 462–463.
3417:, pp. 455–456.
3370:, pp. 100–101.
3268:, pp. 475–476.
3085:As night fell, the
2975:relieved the 1/5th
2385:(House Trench) and
2289:Bangalore torpedoes
2228:fortification, the
2152:German preparations
1842:
1395:Battle of Hébuterne
1357:on the D 6 road to
1139:Associated articles
856:Hartmannswillerkopf
716:Invasion of Belgium
599:Associated articles
91: /
46:Battle of the Somme
33:Battle of the Somme
6674:Treaty of Lausanne
6589:Paris Economy Pact
6523:UK against Germany
6453:Entry into the war
6419:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)
6138:Ottoman casualties
5948:Franco-Turkish War
5828:Post-War conflicts
5812:Russian Revolution
5794:Invasion of Darfur
5759:Kelantan rebellion
5747:Kurdish rebellions
5723:Mexican Revolution
5563:October Revolution
5528:Kerensky offensive
5503:Capture of Baghdad
5480:Monastir offensive
5465:Brusilov offensive
5303:Battle of Kolubara
5142:Russo-Japanese War
4581:uk.bl.ethos.321769
4547:uk.bl.ethos.416459
4527:Beach, J. (2004).
4479:Gough, H. de la P.
4412:uk.bl.ethos.367588
4374:uk.bl.ethos.435414
3940:, pp. 94–110.
3056:Walter Braithwaite
3044:
2956:
2940:Operation Alberich
2798:Charles Carrington
2760:Royal Flying Corps
2752:
2324:(Patrol Wood). At
2164:
1834:
1795:5.9-inch howitzers
1735:
1664:lieutenant-general
1640:
1472:
1454:10,351 casualties.
1439:) on the night of
1428:1st Guard Division
1287:Walter Braithwaite
1190:Lieutenant-General
6753:Conflicts in 1916
6740:
6739:
6723:
6722:
6707:The Golden Virgin
6701:Mutilated victory
6682:
6681:
6662:Treaty of Trianon
6657:Treaty of Neuilly
6564:Damascus Protocol
6437:
6436:
6397:Armenian genocide
6354:Allied blockades
6326:Belgian refugees
6109:
6108:
6019:Strategic bombing
5995:
5994:
5980:Franco-Syrian War
5954:Greco-Turkish War
5942:Anglo-Turkish War
5925:Polish–Soviet War
5859:German Revolution
5835:Russian Civil War
5818:Finnish Civil War
5651:Battle of Megiddo
5626:Battle of Goychay
5573:Battle of Cambrai
5533:Battle of Mărăști
5448:Battle of Jutland
5428:Erzurum offensive
5283:Siege of Przemyśl
5263:Siege of Tsingtao
5248:Battle of Galicia
5178:Second Balkan War
5166:Italo-Turkish War
5123:Pre-War conflicts
5109:
5108:
4999:Portuguese Empire
4915:
4914:
4877:German New Guinea
4859:Asian and Pacific
4512:978-0-14-139071-0
4470:978-1-84342-111-5
4330:978-1-84342-467-3
4305:978-0-8371-5029-1
4286:978-1-907677-12-0
4267:978-1-908916-89-1
4248:978-1-84415-269-8
4229:978-0-300-10694-7
4206:978-1-4087-0108-9
4187:978-1-84685-182-7
4165:978-1-84342-413-0
4146:978-0-947893-02-6
4127:978-0-521-04436-3
4108:978-0-89839-180-0
4082:978-0-89839-185-5
4043:978-0-7538-2202-9
4024:978-0-674-01880-8
4002:978-0-7022-1710-4
3280:, pp. 29–37.
3070:on 28 March, the
3012:Siegfriedstellung
2888:1,241 casualties.
2868:4,243 casualties,
2864:4,314 casualties.
2831:RGR 15 fought at
2806:1,257 casualties,
2190:Hermann von Stein
2063:, then groups of
2014:
2013:
1841:
1761:) moved into the
1652:Territorial Force
1541:The chief of the
1420:XIV Reserve Corps
1163:
1162:
989:Nivelle offensive
763:Trouée de Charmes
660:
659:
647:Thiepval Memorial
502:Flers–Courcelette
349:
348:
258:
257:
118:
117:
100:50.14083; 2.64611
6795:
6788:July 1916 events
6667:Treaty of Sèvres
6559:Treaty of London
6450:
6449:
6228:Northeast France
6159:
6158:
6131:Parliamentarians
6064:
6063:
6026:Chemical weapons
6004:
6003:
5765:Senussi campaign
5735:Muscat rebellion
5729:Maritz rebellion
5646:Vardar offensive
5475:Battle of Romani
5443:Battle of Asiago
5433:Battle of Verdun
5397:Kosovo offensive
5172:First Balkan War
5120:
5119:
5019:Russian Republic
4928:
4927:
4722:
4721:
4664:Economic history
4631:
4624:
4617:
4608:
4607:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4516:
4494:
4474:
4455:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4309:
4290:
4271:
4252:
4233:
4221:
4210:
4191:
4169:
4150:
4131:
4112:
4086:
4067:
4047:
4028:
4006:
3968:
3962:
3953:
3947:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3902:
3896:
3890:
3884:
3875:
3869:
3863:
3857:
3851:
3845:
3839:
3833:
3827:
3821:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3788:
3782:
3776:
3770:
3761:
3755:
3746:
3740:
3731:
3725:
3719:
3713:
3707:
3701:
3690:
3684:
3678:
3672:
3666:
3660:
3654:
3648:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3624:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3585:
3579:
3573:
3567:
3561:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3537:
3531:
3525:
3519:
3513:
3507:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3483:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3441:
3435:
3429:
3418:
3412:
3403:
3397:
3386:
3380:
3371:
3365:
3359:
3353:
3344:
3338:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3305:
3299:
3293:
3287:
3281:
3275:
3269:
3263:
3257:
3247:
3241:
3235:
3229:
3223:
3207:
3200:
3194:
3191:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3137:
3131:
3127:
3108:
3069:
3066:on 26 March. At
3027:
3020:
3014:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2986:
2982:
2925:
2922:field gun and a
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2878:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2860:2,445 casualties
2844:
2838:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2812:on the British.
2811:
2810:6,769 casualties
2807:
2765:
2727:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2708:
2700:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2656:
2654:Ihlenfeld Graben
2650:
2643:
2631:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2593:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2558:
2556:Einbecker Graben
2551:
2543:
2533:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2489:
2484:
2472:
2468:
2463:
2454:
2449:
2441:
2406:
2404:Albrechts Graben
2400:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2372:
2366:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2343:I Garde Stellung
2339:
2333:
2327:
2323:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2211:
2203:Karl von Borries
2201:
2188:
2180:
2138:
2118:, the 1/5th and
2038:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1776:Apart from some
1744:
1713:
1707:
1695:
1656:Kitchener's Army
1607:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1568:
1548:
1537:
1533:
1528:Battle of Verdun
1455:
1442:
1437:Oskar von Hutier
1435:
1414:
1406:
1279:Spring Offensive
1276:
1260:
1203:, attacked from
1102:St Quentin Canal
697:
687:
680:
673:
664:
663:
605:Hébuterne (1915)
568:Schwaben Redoubt
388:
386:
376:
369:
362:
353:
352:
296:
294:
284:
277:
270:
261:
260:
219:
218:
212:
155:
151:
149:
148:
140:
136:
134:
133:
106:
105:
103:
102:
101:
96:
92:
89:
88:
87:
84:
54:
53:
43:
23:
22:
6803:
6802:
6798:
6797:
6796:
6794:
6793:
6792:
6743:
6742:
6741:
6736:
6719:
6678:
6610:
6603:
6574:Treaty of Darin
6542:
6504:
6460:Austria-Hungary
6446:
6433:
6414:Rape of Belgium
6341:
6313:
6261:
6255:Western Armenia
6250:Eastern Galicia
6183:
6157:
6121:
6120:Civilian impact
6119:
6105:
6062:
5991:
5823:
5753:Ovambo Uprising
5705:
5587:
5489:
5416:
5334:Battle of Łomża
5317:
5313:Christmas truce
5288:Race to the Sea
5221:
5183:
5105:
5076:Austria-Hungary
5052:
4987:Empire of Japan
4924:
4922:
4911:
4895:U-boat campaign
4881:
4853:
4815:
4767:
4713:
4694:Popular culture
4640:
4635:
4598:
4585:
4583:
4560:
4551:
4549:
4526:
4523:
4513:
4499:Middlebrook, M.
4471:
4435:
4430:
4428:Further reading
4425:
4416:
4414:
4378:
4376:
4349:
4344:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4321:The Bodley Head
4306:
4287:
4268:
4249:
4230:
4207:
4188:
4166:
4147:
4128:
4109:
4083:
4044:
4025:
4003:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3963:
3956:
3948:
3944:
3936:
3932:
3924:
3920:
3912:
3905:
3897:
3893:
3885:
3878:
3872:Whitehead 2013a
3870:
3866:
3858:
3854:
3846:
3842:
3834:
3830:
3824:Whitehead 2013a
3822:
3815:
3809:Whitehead 2013a
3807:
3803:
3795:
3791:
3783:
3779:
3771:
3764:
3756:
3749:
3741:
3734:
3726:
3722:
3714:
3710:
3702:
3693:
3685:
3681:
3673:
3669:
3661:
3657:
3649:
3645:
3637:
3633:
3625:
3618:
3610:
3606:
3598:
3594:
3586:
3582:
3574:
3570:
3562:
3558:
3550:
3546:
3538:
3534:
3526:
3522:
3514:
3510:
3502:
3498:
3490:
3486:
3478:
3474:
3466:
3462:
3454:
3450:
3442:
3438:
3430:
3421:
3413:
3406:
3398:
3389:
3381:
3374:
3366:
3362:
3354:
3347:
3339:
3335:
3327:
3323:
3315:
3308:
3300:
3296:
3288:
3284:
3276:
3272:
3264:
3260:
3254:Whitehead 2013a
3248:
3244:
3236:
3232:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3211:
3210:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3182:
3178:
3154:, twenty-eight
3138:
3134:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3106:
3067:
3064:Achiet-le-Petit
3054:(Major-General
3042:
3034:
3001:
2997:
2984:
2980:
2954:
2946:
2944:Hindenburg Line
2932:
2923:
2915:
2911:
2908:150 casualties,
2907:
2903:
2900:650 casualties,
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2852:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2809:
2805:
2794:
2789:
2764:6:45–3:25 p.m.,
2763:
2750:
2742:
2733:
2725:
2720:
2710:
2706:
2698:
2690:
2686:
2658:
2641:
2638:
2629:
2621:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2602:
2595:
2591:
2578:
2574:
2569:
2565:
2549:
2525:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2497:
2487:
2482:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2452:
2447:
2439:
2414:
2392:
2364:
2357:
2353:
2325:
2315:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2249:
2239:
2235:
2222:square division
2205:
2199:Generalleutnant
2185:Generalleutnant
2174:
2162:
2154:
2136:
2039:
2036:
2006:
1993:
1988:
1975:
1970:
1954:
1938:
1922:
1906:
1890:
1874:
1857:
1850:
1838:
1832:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1757:(Major-General
1749:(Major-General
1733:
1725:
1720:
1711:Stützpunktlinie
1705:
1638:
1618:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1535:
1531:
1470:
1462:
1453:
1440:
1433:Generalleutnant
1397:
1391:
1344:
1339:
1319:2/8th Battalion
1297:(Major-General
1285:(Major-General
1258:
1250:(Major-General
1242:(Major-General
1182:First World War
1166:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1136:
940:Vimy Ridge 1916
817:Race to the Sea
785:1st St. Quentin
707:
698:
693:
691:
661:
656:
642:Leipzig Salient
610:Order of Battle
596:
389:
385:Somme Offensive
384:
382:
380:
350:
345:
297:
292:
290:
288:
254:
253:
252:
251:
250:
233:
227:
226:
225:
224:
220:
146:
144:
131:
129:
99:
97:
93:
90:
85:
82:
80:
78:
77:
76:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6801:
6791:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6758:1916 in France
6755:
6738:
6737:
6735:
6734:
6728:
6725:
6724:
6721:
6720:
6718:
6717:
6710:
6703:
6698:
6690:
6688:
6684:
6683:
6680:
6679:
6677:
6676:
6671:
6670:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6639:
6634:
6633:
6632:
6627:
6619:
6613:
6611:
6609:Peace treaties
6608:
6605:
6604:
6602:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6550:
6548:
6544:
6543:
6541:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6514:
6512:
6506:
6505:
6503:
6502:
6497:
6495:United Kingdom
6492:
6487:
6485:Ottoman Empire
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6456:
6454:
6447:
6442:
6439:
6438:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6410:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6389:
6387:Sack of Dinant
6384:
6379:
6374:
6373:
6372:
6367:
6366:
6365:
6351:
6349:
6343:
6342:
6340:
6339:
6338:
6337:
6335:United Kingdom
6332:
6323:
6321:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6311:
6310:
6309:
6304:
6295:
6289:POW locations
6287:
6282:
6281:
6280:
6271:
6269:
6263:
6262:
6260:
6259:
6258:
6257:
6252:
6244:
6239:
6238:
6237:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6212:
6211:
6210:
6205:
6197:
6191:
6189:
6185:
6184:
6182:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6165:
6163:
6156:
6155:
6154:
6153:
6148:
6140:
6135:
6134:
6133:
6124:
6122:
6114:
6111:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6103:
6098:
6097:
6096:
6089:United Kingdom
6086:
6084:Ottoman Empire
6081:
6076:
6070:
6068:
6061:
6060:
6058:Trench warfare
6055:
6054:
6053:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6022:
6021:
6010:
6008:
6001:
5997:
5996:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5983:
5977:
5971:
5965:
5964:
5963:
5957:
5951:
5945:
5934:
5928:
5922:
5916:
5910:
5904:
5898:
5892:
5886:
5880:
5874:
5868:
5862:
5856:
5850:
5844:
5838:
5831:
5829:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5821:
5815:
5809:
5803:
5797:
5791:
5785:
5779:
5774:
5771:Volta-Bani War
5768:
5762:
5756:
5750:
5744:
5738:
5732:
5726:
5720:
5713:
5711:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5616:Zeebrugge Raid
5613:
5608:
5603:
5597:
5595:
5589:
5588:
5586:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5499:
5497:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5461:
5460:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5424:
5422:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5414:
5409:
5407:Battle of Loos
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5325:
5323:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5298:Black Sea raid
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5229:
5227:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5203:
5202:
5200:Historiography
5191:
5189:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5181:
5175:
5169:
5163:
5157:
5154:Bosnian Crisis
5151:
5148:Tangier Crisis
5145:
5139:
5133:
5126:
5124:
5117:
5111:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5081:Ottoman Empire
5078:
5073:
5068:
5062:
5060:
5058:Central Powers
5054:
5053:
5051:
5050:
5045:
5044:
5043:
5041:British Empire
5036:United Kingdom
5033:
5028:
5023:
5022:
5021:
5016:
5014:Russian Empire
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4990:
4989:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4936:
4934:
4932:Entente Powers
4925:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4904:
4903:
4902:
4900:North Atlantic
4891:
4889:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4863:
4861:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4825:
4823:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4811:Central Arabia
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4777:
4775:
4773:Middle Eastern
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4748:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4730:
4728:
4719:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4674:Historiography
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4634:
4633:
4626:
4619:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4597:
4596:External links
4594:
4593:
4592:
4558:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4511:
4495:
4483:The Fifth Army
4475:
4469:
4456:
4440:Carrington, C.
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4385:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4329:
4310:
4304:
4291:
4285:
4272:
4266:
4253:
4247:
4234:
4228:
4211:
4205:
4192:
4186:
4170:
4164:
4151:
4145:
4132:
4126:
4113:
4107:
4087:
4081:
4068:
4052:Edmonds, J. E.
4048:
4042:
4029:
4023:
4011:Doughty, R. A.
4007:
4001:
3987:Bean, C. E. W.
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3954:
3952:, p. 460.
3942:
3930:
3928:, p. 154.
3918:
3916:, p. 102.
3903:
3891:
3876:
3864:
3852:
3840:
3838:, p. 192.
3828:
3813:
3811:, p. 177.
3801:
3789:
3787:, p. 137.
3777:
3762:
3760:, p. 210.
3747:
3745:, p. 474.
3732:
3728:Whitehead 2013
3720:
3716:Whitehead 2013
3708:
3706:, p. 472.
3691:
3679:
3675:Whitehead 2013
3667:
3663:Whitehead 2013
3655:
3643:
3641:, p. 469.
3631:
3616:
3604:
3600:Whitehead 2013
3592:
3588:Whitehead 2013
3580:
3578:, p. 464.
3568:
3556:
3552:Whitehead 2013
3544:
3532:
3528:Whitehead 2013
3520:
3518:, p. 456.
3508:
3496:
3484:
3482:, p. 465.
3472:
3460:
3458:, p. 415.
3448:
3446:, p. 461.
3436:
3434:, p. 460.
3419:
3404:
3402:, p. 454.
3387:
3385:, p. 453.
3372:
3360:
3358:, p. 223.
3345:
3333:
3321:
3319:, p. 104.
3306:
3304:, p. 291.
3294:
3282:
3270:
3258:
3256:, p. 136.
3242:
3240:, p. 455.
3230:
3228:, p. 182.
3217:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3195:
3186:
3176:
3150:, twenty-four
3132:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3080:Rossignol Wood
3040:
3033:
3030:
2952:
2931:
2928:
2916:22 casualties,
2851:
2848:
2835:Feste Schwaben
2829:14 to 23 July.
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2748:
2741:
2740:Air operations
2738:
2732:
2729:
2701:After a brief
2648:Blücher Graben
2637:
2634:
2564:
2561:
2541:Schwalben Nest
2531:Schwalben Nest
2496:
2493:
2488:3:00–3:00 p.m.
2475:Stokes mortars
2413:
2410:
2314:
2311:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2214:111th Division
2160:
2153:
2150:
2034:
2026:Beaumont-Hamel
2012:
2011:
2008:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1852:
1847:
1831:
1828:
1731:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1688:staff officers
1666:in command of
1629:, part of the
1624:
1617:
1614:
1492:Central Powers
1468:
1461:
1458:
1445:Beaumont Hamel
1424:Joseph Brugère
1393:Main article:
1390:
1387:
1379:Rossignol Wood
1351:Foncquevillers
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1307:Rossignol Wood
1299:Sydney Lawford
1274:Kaiserschlacht
1265:Stellenbosched
1252:Count Gleichen
1193:Edmund Allenby
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1135:
1134:
1132:Lys and Escaut
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
986:
979:
968:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
901:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
879:
878:
868:
863:
861:Neuve Chapelle
858:
853:
842:
841:
836:
834:Winter actions
831:
830:
829:
824:
814:
809:
804:
799:
797:Grand Couronné
794:
789:
788:
787:
782:
777:
767:
766:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
735:
734:
733:
728:
723:
713:
703:
700:
699:
690:
689:
682:
675:
667:
658:
657:
655:
654:
649:
644:
639:
638:
637:
635:Hawthorn Ridge
632:
627:
617:
612:
607:
595:
594:
593:
592:
590:Beaumont-Hamel
582:
581:
580:
575:
570:
560:
559:
558:
553:
548:
538:
536:Thiepval Ridge
533:
532:
531:
526:
521:
511:
510:
509:
499:
494:
489:
488:
487:
477:
472:
471:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
443:Bazentin Ridge
440:
439:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
394:
391:
390:
379:
378:
371:
364:
356:
347:
346:
344:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
302:
299:
298:
287:
286:
279:
272:
264:
256:
255:
235:Gommecourt, a
234:
229:
228:
222:
221:
214:
213:
207:
206:
205:
204:
201:
200:
197:
193:
192:
188:
187:
184:
180:
179:
175:
174:
169:
162:
161:
157:
156:
141:
125:
124:
120:
119:
116:
115:
114:German victory
112:
108:
107:
68:
66:
62:
61:
58:
50:
49:
36:
35:
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6800:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6750:
6748:
6733:
6730:
6729:
6726:
6716:
6715:
6711:
6709:
6708:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6696:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6685:
6675:
6672:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6644:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6614:
6612:
6606:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6551:
6549:
6545:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6511:
6507:
6501:
6500:United States
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6457:
6455:
6451:
6448:
6445:
6440:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6394:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6371:
6368:
6364:
6361:
6360:
6359:
6356:
6355:
6353:
6352:
6350:
6348:
6344:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6327:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6316:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6279:
6276:
6275:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6268:
6264:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6236:
6235:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6200:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6186:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6164:
6160:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6143:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6132:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6117:
6112:
6102:
6101:United States
6099:
6095:
6092:
6091:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6071:
6069:
6065:
6059:
6056:
6052:
6051:Convoy system
6049:
6048:
6047:
6046:Naval warfare
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6020:
6017:
6016:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6009:
6005:
6002:
5998:
5987:
5984:
5981:
5978:
5975:
5972:
5969:
5966:
5961:
5958:
5955:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5943:
5940:
5939:
5938:
5935:
5932:
5929:
5926:
5923:
5920:
5917:
5914:
5911:
5908:
5905:
5902:
5899:
5896:
5893:
5890:
5887:
5884:
5881:
5878:
5875:
5872:
5869:
5866:
5863:
5860:
5857:
5854:
5851:
5848:
5845:
5842:
5839:
5836:
5833:
5832:
5830:
5826:
5819:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5807:
5806:Kaocen revolt
5804:
5801:
5800:Easter Rising
5798:
5795:
5792:
5789:
5786:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5772:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5760:
5757:
5754:
5751:
5748:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5736:
5733:
5730:
5727:
5724:
5721:
5718:
5715:
5714:
5712:
5708:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5598:
5596:
5594:
5590:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5496:
5492:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5419:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5372:Great Retreat
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5320:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5243:Battle of Cer
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5224:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5196:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5186:
5179:
5176:
5173:
5170:
5167:
5164:
5161:
5160:Agadir Crisis
5158:
5155:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5143:
5140:
5137:
5134:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5112:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5049:
5048:United States
5046:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4966:
4965:French Empire
4963:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4933:
4929:
4926:
4918:
4908:
4907:Mediterranean
4905:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4887:Naval warfare
4884:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4856:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4818:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4770:
4764:
4763:Italian Front
4761:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4751:Eastern Front
4749:
4747:
4746:Western Front
4744:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4720:
4716:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4704:Puppet states
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4639:
4632:
4627:
4625:
4620:
4618:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4565:
4559:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4531:
4525:
4524:
4514:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4466:
4462:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4436:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4392:
4386:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4358:
4352:
4351:
4332:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4317:
4311:
4307:
4301:
4297:
4292:
4288:
4282:
4278:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4259:
4254:
4250:
4244:
4240:
4235:
4231:
4225:
4220:
4219:
4212:
4208:
4202:
4198:
4193:
4189:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4157:
4152:
4148:
4142:
4138:
4133:
4129:
4123:
4119:
4114:
4110:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4078:
4074:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4039:
4035:
4030:
4026:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3966:
3961:
3959:
3951:
3950:Philpott 2009
3946:
3939:
3934:
3927:
3922:
3915:
3910:
3908:
3900:
3895:
3889:, p. 60.
3888:
3883:
3881:
3873:
3868:
3861:
3856:
3849:
3844:
3837:
3832:
3825:
3820:
3818:
3810:
3805:
3799:, p. 71.
3798:
3793:
3786:
3781:
3774:
3769:
3767:
3759:
3754:
3752:
3744:
3739:
3737:
3729:
3724:
3717:
3712:
3705:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3688:
3683:
3676:
3671:
3664:
3659:
3652:
3647:
3640:
3635:
3628:
3623:
3621:
3613:
3608:
3601:
3596:
3589:
3584:
3577:
3572:
3565:
3560:
3553:
3548:
3541:
3536:
3529:
3524:
3517:
3512:
3505:
3500:
3493:
3488:
3481:
3476:
3469:
3464:
3457:
3452:
3445:
3440:
3433:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3416:
3411:
3409:
3401:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3384:
3379:
3377:
3369:
3364:
3357:
3352:
3350:
3343:, p. 34.
3342:
3337:
3330:
3325:
3318:
3313:
3311:
3303:
3298:
3292:, p. 29.
3291:
3286:
3279:
3274:
3267:
3262:
3255:
3251:
3246:
3239:
3234:
3227:
3222:
3218:
3205:
3199:
3190:
3180:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3136:
3126:
3122:
3114:
3112:
3111:186th Brigade
3104:
3103:187th Brigade
3100:
3099:185th Brigade
3096:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3076:124th Brigade
3073:
3072:41st Division
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3038:
3029:
3026:
3019:
3013:
3007:
2994:
2988:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2969:31st Division
2966:
2962:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2927:
2921:
2892:267 prisoners
2882:of whom over
2874:
2857:
2856:James Edmonds
2847:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2821:7 to 21 July,
2818:
2813:
2803:
2799:
2784:
2780:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2761:
2757:
2746:
2737:
2728:
2717:
2704:
2694:
2683:
2682:Lehman Graben
2677:
2671:
2665:
2655:
2649:
2633:
2627:
2599:
2588:
2583:
2560:
2557:
2546:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2522:
2516:
2492:
2479:
2476:
2457:
2444:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2398:Helmut Graben
2389:
2383:
2382:Hauser Graben
2377:
2371:
2361:
2354:300 prisoners
2350:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2322:
2310:
2301:300 unwounded
2293:
2290:
2257:
2253:
2246:
2232:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2194:52nd Division
2191:
2187:
2186:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2158:
2149:
2147:
2141:
2132:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2104:137th Brigade
2100:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2033:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2009:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1991:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1973:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1837:
1827:
1819:At zero plus
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1786:enfilade fire
1783:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1768:
1767:37th Division
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1742:
1729:
1715:
1712:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1646:(BEF) of six
1645:
1642:The original
1636:
1635:31st Division
1632:
1628:
1622:
1613:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1565:Generaloberst
1560:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1539:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1513:
1512:Joseph Joffre
1509:
1505:
1504:Belgian coast
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1488:Western Front
1485:
1484:Italian Front
1481:
1480:Eastern Front
1477:
1466:
1457:
1451:
1446:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1405:
1404:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1334:
1332:
1331:186th Brigade
1328:
1327:185th Brigade
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1303:124th Brigade
1300:
1296:
1295:41st Division
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1248:37th Division
1245:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1233:Major-General
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1178:Western Front
1175:
1171:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1107:Meuse-Argonne
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1021:Passchendaele
1019:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
991:
990:
987:
985:
984:
980:
978:
975:
974:
973:
972:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
907:
906:
905:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
883:2nd Champagne
881:
877:
874:
873:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
851:1st Champagne
849:
848:
847:
846:
840:
837:
835:
832:
828:
825:
823:
820:
819:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
772:
771:
770:Great Retreat
768:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
740:
739:
736:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
718:
717:
714:
712:
709:
708:
706:
701:
696:
695:Western Front
688:
683:
681:
676:
674:
669:
668:
665:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
622:
621:
620:Mines, 1 July
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
602:
601:
600:
591:
588:
587:
586:
583:
579:
578:Regina Trench
576:
574:
573:Stuff Redoubt
571:
569:
566:
565:
564:
563:Ancre Heights
561:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
543:
542:
539:
537:
534:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
516:
515:
512:
508:
505:
504:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
486:
483:
482:
481:
478:
476:
475:Delville Wood
473:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
445:
444:
441:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
403:
402:
399:
398:
397:
392:
387:
377:
372:
370:
365:
363:
358:
357:
354:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
303:
300:
295:
285:
280:
278:
273:
271:
266:
265:
262:
249:
245:
242:
241:Pas-de-Calais
238:
232:
211:
202:
198:
195:
194:
189:
185:
182:
181:
176:
173:
170:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
142:
139:
127:
126:
121:
113:
110:
109:
104:
75:
71:
67:
64:
63:
59:
56:
55:
51:
47:
42:
37:
34:
29:
24:
19:
6712:
6705:
6693:
6300: /
6232:
6067:Conscription
6031:Cryptography
5968:Iraqi Revolt
5402:Siege of Kut
5345:
4923:participants
4872:German Samoa
4806:South Arabia
4584:. Retrieved
4563:
4550:. Retrieved
4529:
4502:
4482:
4460:
4443:
4417:24 September
4415:. Retrieved
4395:
4390:
4377:. Retrieved
4356:
4334:. Retrieved
4315:
4295:
4276:
4257:
4238:
4217:
4196:
4177:
4155:
4136:
4117:
4094:
4072:
4055:
4033:
4014:
3991:
3945:
3933:
3921:
3894:
3867:
3860:Edmonds 1993
3855:
3843:
3836:Sheldon 2006
3831:
3804:
3792:
3780:
3743:Edmonds 1993
3723:
3711:
3704:Edmonds 1993
3687:Edmonds 1993
3682:
3670:
3658:
3651:Edmonds 1993
3646:
3639:Edmonds 1993
3634:
3627:Edmonds 1993
3612:Edmonds 1993
3607:
3595:
3583:
3576:Edmonds 1993
3571:
3564:Edmonds 1993
3559:
3547:
3540:Sheldon 2006
3535:
3523:
3516:Edmonds 1993
3511:
3504:Edmonds 1993
3499:
3492:Edmonds 1993
3487:
3480:Edmonds 1993
3475:
3468:Edmonds 1993
3463:
3456:Gliddon 1987
3451:
3444:Edmonds 1993
3439:
3432:Edmonds 1993
3415:Edmonds 1993
3400:Edmonds 1993
3383:Edmonds 1993
3363:
3356:Sheldon 2006
3341:Simpson 2001
3336:
3324:
3302:Doughty 2005
3297:
3290:Edmonds 1993
3285:
3278:Edmonds 1993
3273:
3266:Edmonds 1993
3261:
3250:Edmonds 1925
3245:
3238:Edmonds 1993
3233:
3226:Gliddon 1987
3221:
3198:
3189:
3179:
3158:. Guns: two
3135:
3125:
3084:
3045:
2993:R I Stellung
2989:
2965:93rd Brigade
2957:
2902:RIR 55 lost
2880: 4,300
2853:
2842:Thiepval-Süd
2825:8 to 23 July
2814:
2801:
2795:
2781:
2773:
2753:
2734:
2695:
2639:
2600:
2586:
2584:
2566:
2547:
2535:
2498:
2480:
2458:
2445:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2418:
2415:
2362:
2316:
2294:
2273:
2254:
2226:
2166:In May, the
2165:
2145:
2142:
2137:(10:30 a.m.)
2133:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2045:
2041:
2031:
2015:
1835:
1830:British plan
1803:
1775:
1771:
1751:Charles Hull
1736:
1685:
1676:field armies
1659:
1641:
1631:91st Brigade
1582:
1540:
1532:13 divisions
1516:
1506:and end the
1496:Douglas Haig
1473:
1398:
1345:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1236:Charles Hull
1169:
1167:
1138:
1137:
1097:Saint-Mihiel
1065:Belleau Wood
1048:
1036:
1035:
1026:La Malmaison
982:
970:
969:
935:Kink Salient
903:
902:
898:Gas: Wieltje
844:
843:
704:
598:
597:
485:Mouquet Farm
435:
431:La Boisselle
426:Contalmaison
395:
336:Contalmaison
331:La Boisselle
320:
167:Douglas Haig
123:Belligerents
31:Part of the
18:
6330:Netherlands
6307:Switzerland
6188:Occupations
6179:Spanish flu
5956:(1919–1922)
5950:(1918–1921)
5944:(1918–1923)
5933:(1919–1921)
5927:(1919–1921)
5921:(1919–1920)
5897:(1918–1920)
5891:(1918–1920)
5885:(1918–1920)
5867:(1918–1920)
5849:(1918–1920)
5843:(1917–1921)
5837:(1917–1921)
5784:(1916-1918)
5782:Arab Revolt
5773:(1915–1917)
5767:(1915–1917)
5755:(1914-1917)
5749:(1914–1917)
5743:(1914–1921)
5737:(1913–1920)
5725:(1910–1920)
5719:(1900–1920)
5217:July Crisis
5138:(1880–1914)
4801:Mesopotamia
4679:Home fronts
4638:World War I
3965:Wyrall 2003
3926:Peaple 2003
3168:60-pounders
3046:During the
2910:a total of
2676:Roth Graben
2642:10:00 a.m.,
2521:Gruppe Nord
2462:12:15 p.m.,
2337:Roth Graben
2245:Roth Graben
2206: [
2175: [
1825:30 minutes.
1817:20 minutes.
1576:, south of
1538:divisions.
1500:John French
1441:5/6 October
1221:Thomas Snow
1197:Fourth Army
1117:2nd Cambrai
955:Boar's Head
945:Mont Sorrel
652:Ancre, 1917
615:Boar's Head
541:Le Transloy
529:Gueudecourt
507:Martinpuich
453:Trônes Wood
341:Trônes Wood
186:5 regiments
183:2 divisions
98: /
60:1 July 1916
6747:Categories
6547:Agreements
6347:War crimes
6223:Luxembourg
6116:Casualties
4994:Montenegro
4829:South West
4709:Technology
4699:Propaganda
4689:Opposition
3974:References
3938:Falls 1992
3914:Falls 1992
3899:Falls 1992
3785:Duffy 2007
3773:Jones 2002
3758:Jones 2002
3368:Wynne 1976
3329:Foley 2007
3317:Wynne 1976
3068:11:00 a.m.
2985:9:55 p.m.,
2981:12:15 p.m.
2934:See also:
2912:1,255 men.
2850:Casualties
2756:8 Squadron
2716:Süd Graben
2689:and N1 by
2664:Birkenwald
2659:11:00 a.m.
2622:75 British
2526:35 British
2515:Gruppe Süd
2440:11:00 a.m.
2388:Süd Graben
2331:Süd Graben
2018:VIII Corps
1815:zero plus
1812:12 minutes
1807:15 minutes
1753:) and the
1693:Wohngraben
1672:First Army
1549:(OHL, the
1536:20 British
1524:Tenth Army
1418:) and the
1383:overlooked
1347:Gommecourt
1342:Gommecourt
1337:Background
1238:) and the
1225:Gommecourt
1209:Sixth Army
1186:Third Army
930:Wulverghem
893:3rd Artois
871:2nd Artois
839:1st Artois
492:Guillemont
436:Gommecourt
321:Gommecourt
244:department
223:Gommecourt
86:02°38′46″E
83:50°08′27″N
70:Gommecourt
6444:Diplomacy
6151:Olympians
6074:Australia
6041:Logistics
5974:Vlora War
5903:(1918–19)
5879:(1918–19)
5873:(1918–19)
5861:(1918–19)
5808:(1916–17)
5790:(1916–17)
5741:Zaian War
5731:(1914–15)
5458:first day
5346:Lusitania
5174:(1912–13)
5168:(1911–12)
5156:(1908–09)
5150:(1905–06)
5132:(1870–71)
4921:Principal
4781:Gallipoli
4684:Memorials
4669:Geography
4659:Aftermath
4539:500051492
4481:(1968) .
4452:753114598
4404:557496951
4366:500351989
4218:The Somme
4093:(1992) .
4091:Falls, C.
4064:604621263
3989:(1982) .
3887:Bean 1982
3214:Footnotes
3170:, twelve
3166:, twelve
3140:Howitzers
3107:2:30 a.m.
3002:1:30 a.m.
2977:Leicester
2973:Leicester
2894:and lost
2884:1,300 men
2800:wrote in
2796:In 1965,
2787:Aftermath
2726:9:30 p.m.
2721:7:00 p.m.
2711:4:00 p.m.
2707:6:00 p.m.
2699:3:00 p.m.
2691:6:00 p.m.
2687:4:30 p.m.
2630:9:30 p.m.
2603:4:00 p.m.
2596:1:00 p.m.
2592:2:00 p.m.
2587:SOS bombs
2579:2:00 p.m.
2575:9:00 a.m.
2570:7:30 a.m.
2471:3:30 p.m.
2467:1:15 p.m.
2448:9:00 a.m.
2393:8:00 a.m.
2365:7:40 a.m.
2326:7:30 a.m.
2306:9:30 a.m.
2297:9:30 a.m.
2285:7:30 a.m.
2280:7:25 a.m.
2276:7:20 a.m.
2170:(General
1799:casemates
1763:VII Corps
1698:traversed
1648:divisions
1389:1914–1915
1371:La Bassée
1355:Hébuterne
1305:attacked
1259:7:30 a.m.
1217:VII Corps
1213:Maricourt
1112:5th Ypres
1092:2nd Somme
1070:2nd Marne
1060:3rd Aisne
1009:The Hills
1004:2nd Aisne
965:Fromelles
960:1st Somme
910:The Bluff
876:Hébuterne
866:2nd Ypres
827:1st Ypres
807:1st Aisne
802:1st Marne
775:Le Cateau
753:Charleroi
738:Frontiers
625:Lochnagar
468:High Wood
463:Fromelles
448:Longueval
411:Montauban
406:First day
311:Montauban
6732:Category
6319:Refugees
6285:Italians
6274:Germans
6234:Ober Ost
6014:Aviation
5115:Timeline
5086:Bulgaria
4867:Tsingtao
4844:Togoland
4791:Caucasus
4726:European
4718:Theatres
4573:53609664
4501:(1971).
4491:59766599
4442:(1965).
4176:(2006).
4054:(1925).
4013:(2005).
3172:4.7-inch
3160:9.2-inch
3152:9.2-inch
3025:Alberich
3018:Alberich
2996:, about
2817:Pozières
2792:Analysis
2777:St Amand
2731:1/2 July
2670:Kernwerk
2512:guns of
2510:22 heavy
2506:28 field
2501:X1 to G1
2453:200 men.
2431:Little Z
2376:Kernwerk
2370:Kernwerk
2349:Kernwerk
2346:and the
2231:Kernwerk
2050:and the
2035:—
1660:dug-outs
1610:5th Army
1605:Westheer
1600:2nd Army
1559:6th Army
1359:Puisieux
1174:2nd Army
1122:Courtrai
1077:Soissons
1016:Messines
983:Alberich
792:Maubeuge
748:Ardennes
743:Lorraine
711:Moresnet
546:Eaucourt
524:Lesbœufs
480:Pozières
458:Ovillers
421:Fricourt
326:Fricourt
178:Strength
65:Location
6470:Germany
6370:Germany
6298:Germany
6218:Belgium
6203:Albania
6162:Disease
6142:Sports
6094:Ireland
6007:Warfare
6000:Aspects
5195:Origins
5188:Prelude
5091:Senussi
5071:Germany
5066:Leaders
5004:Romania
4945:Belgium
4940:Leaders
4839:Kamerun
4821:African
4756:Romania
4734:Balkans
4649:Outline
3184:attack.
3148:12-inch
3144:15-inch
3089:of the
3060:Bucquoy
3006:Lincoln
2998:400 men
2983:and at
2904:455 men
2896:199 men
2626:parados
2615:⁄
2483:18 were
2358:150 men
2250:N1 – N4
2240:G1 – G5
2236:X1 – X6
1867:23 June
1836:Weather
1821:25, the
1791:Adinfer
1718:Prelude
1702:parapet
1668:I Corps
1593:⁄
1574:St Eloi
1520:Picardy
1375:Essarts
1313:of the
1291:Bucquoy
1199:on the
1087:Ailette
1055:The Lys
1049:Michael
1031:Cambrai
925:Hulluch
920:St Eloi
812:Antwerp
551:Le Sars
519:Combles
239:of the
237:commune
153:Germany
138:Britain
6490:Russia
6465:France
6293:Canada
6208:Serbia
6079:Canada
6036:Horses
5988:(1921)
5982:(1920)
5976:(1920)
5970:(1920)
5962:(1920)
5915:(1919)
5909:(1919)
5855:(1918)
5820:(1918)
5814:(1917)
5802:(1916)
5796:(1916)
5761:(1915)
5180:(1913)
5162:(1911)
5144:(1905)
5101:Darfur
5026:Serbia
5009:Russia
4972:Greece
4960:France
4950:Brazil
4796:Persia
4739:Serbia
4586:29 May
4579:
4571:
4552:29 May
4545:
4537:
4521:Theses
4509:
4489:
4467:
4450:
4410:
4402:
4379:18 May
4372:
4364:
4347:Theses
4336:28 May
4327:
4302:
4283:
4264:
4245:
4226:
4203:
4184:
4162:
4143:
4124:
4105:
4079:
4062:
4040:
4021:
3999:
3164:6-inch
3162:, two
3156:6-inch
3146:, two
3142:: two
3028:plan.
2942:; and
2768:B.E.2c
2550:25 men
2265:1 July
2260:Battle
1999:1 July
1706:25 men
1508:U-boat
1363:Albert
1127:Sambre
1082:Amiens
950:Verdun
780:Étreux
726:Dinant
514:Morval
497:Ginchy
416:Mametz
401:Albert
316:Mametz
248:France
150:
135:
111:Result
74:France
6687:Other
6480:Japan
6475:Italy
6302:camps
6146:Rugby
4982:Japan
4977:Italy
4955:China
4849:North
4577:EThOS
4543:EThOS
4433:Books
4408:EThOS
4370:EThOS
3979:Books
3117:Notes
2924:90 mm
2920:77 mm
2819:from
2210:]
2179:]
2146:Z Day
2079:then
2022:Serre
2010:fine
2007:26–11
2005:79–52
1994:wind
1987:72–48
1976:wind
1971:19–11
1969:66–52
1958:dull
1955:20–10
1953:68–50
1942:dull
1939:20–12
1937:68–54
1926:dull
1923:22–11
1921:72–52
1910:wind
1907:22–12
1905:71–54
1894:dull
1891:22–11
1889:72–52
1878:wind
1875:26–13
1873:79–55
1851:(mm)
1846:Date
1681:corps
1578:Ypres
1367:Arras
1289:) at
1205:Serre
994:Arras
977:Ancre
731:Namur
721:Liège
630:Y Sap
585:Ancre
199:1,241
196:6,769
6267:POWs
5593:1918
5495:1917
5421:1916
5322:1915
5226:1914
5031:Siam
4834:East
4588:2015
4569:OCLC
4554:2015
4535:OCLC
4507:ISBN
4487:OCLC
4465:ISBN
4448:OCLC
4419:2017
4400:OCLC
4381:2016
4362:OCLC
4338:2016
4325:ISBN
4300:ISBN
4281:ISBN
4262:ISBN
4243:ISBN
4224:ISBN
4201:ISBN
4182:ISBN
4160:ISBN
4141:ISBN
4122:ISBN
4103:ISBN
4099:HMSO
4077:ISBN
4060:OCLC
4038:ISBN
4019:ISBN
3997:ISBN
3032:1918
2679:and
2651:and
2518:and
2508:and
2429:and
2334:and
2087:and
2071:and
2024:and
1992:dull
1989:22–9
1974:dull
1849:Rain
1805:for
1654:and
1168:The
1037:1918
999:Vimy
971:1917
904:1916
888:Loos
845:1915
822:Yser
758:Mons
705:1914
165:Sir
57:Date
2446:By
2274:At
2037:GHQ
2002:0.0
1984:0.0
1966:0.1
1950:2.0
1934:8.0
1918:6.0
1902:1.0
1886:1.0
1870:2.0
1553:),
1257:At
1211:at
246:of
6749::
4575:.
4541:.
4406:.
4394:.
4368:.
4323:.
4101:.
3957:^
3906:^
3879:^
3816:^
3765:^
3750:^
3735:^
3694:^
3619:^
3422:^
3407:^
3390:^
3375:^
3348:^
3309:^
2967:,
2963:,
2938:;
2877:c.
2758:,
2693:.
2208:de
2177:de
2093:Fe
2091:;
2083:,
2073:Fo
2069:Fi
2067:,
2065:Fe
2061:Fa
1981:30
1963:29
1947:28
1931:27
1915:26
1899:25
1883:24
1859:°C
1855:°F
1633:,
1586:17
1580:.
1377:,
1325:,
1321:,
72:,
6118:/
4630:e
4623:t
4616:v
4590:.
4556:.
4515:.
4493:.
4473:.
4454:.
4421:.
4383:.
4340:.
4308:.
4289:.
4270:.
4251:.
4209:.
4190:.
4168:.
4149:.
4130:.
4111:.
4085:.
4066:.
4046:.
4027:.
4005:.
3174:.
2617:2
2613:1
2610:+
2608:3
2536:Z
2435:Z
2427:Z
2419:Z
2196:(
2097:E
2089:O
2085:I
2081:E
2077:A
1595:2
1591:1
1588:+
1561:(
1430:(
1277:(
1231:(
1188:(
686:e
679:t
672:v
375:e
368:t
361:v
283:e
276:t
269:v
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