1453:, now often characterized by the presence of the outline of a circle upon which a cross, stylized in a pre-Medieval Celtic fashion, appears superimposed. The Celtic cross bears strong resemblance to the Christian cross; however, the Celtic cross motif predates Christianity by at least 3,000 years. It appears in the form of heavily sculpted, vertically oriented, ancient monoliths which survive in the present day, in various locations on the island of Ireland. A few of the ancient monuments were evidently relocated to stand in some of Ireland's earliest churchyards, probably between 400 CE and 600 CE, as Christianity was popularized throughout much of the island. The heavily-worn stone sculptures likely owe their continued survival to their sheer size and solid rock construction, which coordinate in scale, and in composition, with Ireland's ancient megalith arrangements.
2209:. Early Christianity adopted this symbolism, and thus many early Christian paintings and mosaics show the peacock. The peacock is still used in the Easter season – especially in the east. The "eyes" in the peacock's tail feathers symbolise the all-seeing God and – in some interpretations – the Church. A peacock drinking from a vase is used as a symbol of a Christian believer drinking from the waters of eternal life. The peacock can also symbolise the cosmos if one interprets its tail with its many "eyes" as the vault of heaven dotted by the sun, moon, and stars. By adoption of old Persian and Babylonian symbolism, in which the peacock was associated with Paradise and the Tree of Life, the bird is again associated with immortality. In Christian iconography, the peacock is often depicted next to the Tree of Life.
3217:"Crosses, moreover, we neither worship nor wish for.1815 You, indeed, who consecrate gods of wood, adore wooden crosses perhaps as parts of your gods. For your very standards, as well as your banners; and flags of your camp, what else are they but crosses glided and adorned? Your victorious trophies not only imitate the appearance of a simple cross, but also that of a man affixed to it. We assuredly see the sign of a cross,1816 naturally, in the ship when it is carried along with swelling sails, when it glides forward with expanded oars; and when the military yoke is lifted up, it is the sign of a cross; and when a man adores God with a pure mind, with hands outstretched. Thus the sign of the cross either is sustained by a natural reason, or your own religion is formed with respect to it."
1805:
3264:"stake" interchangeably for rhetoric effect: "Then, if any of you think we render superstitious adoration to the cross, in that adoration he is sharer with us. If you offer homage to a piece of wood at all, it matters little what it is like when the substance is the same: it is of no consequence the form, if you have the very body of the god. And yet how far does the Athenian Pallas differ from the stock of the cross, or the Pharian Ceres as she is put up uncarved to sale, a mere rough stake and piece of shapeless wood? Every stake fixed in an upright position is a portion of the cross; we render our adoration, if you will have it so, to a god entire and complete. We have shown before that your deities are derived from shapes modelled from the cross."
2082:
3200:"The cross as a Christian symbol or 'seal' came into use at least as early as the second century (see "Apost. Const." iii. 17; Epistle of Barnabas, xi.-xii.; Justin, "Apologia," i. 55–60; "Dial. cum Tryph." 85–97); and the marking of a cross upon the forehead and the chest was regarded as a talisman against the powers of demons (Tertullian, "De Corona," iii.; Cyprian, "Testimonies," xi. 21–22; Lactantius, "Divinæ Institutiones," iv. 27, and elsewhere). The Christian Fathers had to defend themselves, as early as the second century, against the charge of being worshipers of the cross, as may be learned from Tertullian, "Apologia," xii., xvii., and Minucius Felix, "Octavius," xxix. Christians used to swear by the power of the cross.
2310:
1461:, following the Christianization of Ireland. The Celtic cross is accurately described as an ancient symbol of cultural significance in pre-Christian, Druidic Ireland. It also is used as a symbolic icon of the interpretation of Christianity, unique to Irish culture in that pre-Christian Celtic tradition and Irish Druidic iconography are hybridized with Christian traditions and iconography (much like the Shamrock; a low-growing, daintily foliaged, dense ground cover plant, which is held as a timeless symbol of Ireland itself; and, which is also symbolic on Ireland, of the Christian Holy Trinity, due to the Shamrock's typical trifoliar leaf structure).
2418:
2190:
2430:
747:
2943:. The octagon, which is transitional between the circle and the square, came to represent Jesus' resurrection in early Christianity and was used in the ground plans of martyriums and baptisteries for that reason. The domes themselves were sometimes octagonal, rather than circular. Nicholas Temple proposes the imperial reception hall as an additional source of influence on baptisteries, conveying the idea of reception or redemptive passage to salvation. Iconography of assembled figures and the throne of Christ would also relate to this.
2218:
1673:
2836:
1294:
1250:
51:
1941:
1428:
5439:
1549:
683:
3790:
father of King David. This idea received pictorial form in 'The Tree of Jesse' Jesse is depicted lying on the ground, and from his chest grows a branching tree or vine. On the branches are shown the descendents of Jesse, kings and prophets, up to Jesus. The tree of Jesse seems to have originated in the middle of the eleventh century in France. Sometimes, on the apex of this tree is a lily and hanging on the flowers is Christ crucified.
5428:
3067:
1613:
2832:. The use of icons, however, was never without opposition. It was recorded that, "there is no century between the fourth and the eighth in which there is not some evidence of opposition to images even within the Church. Nonetheless, popular favor for icons guaranteed their continued existence, while no systematic apologia for or against icons, or doctrinal authorization or condemnation of icons yet existed.
2559:
deep, sometimes labyrinthine, catacombs for ritual burials are a product of the poverty of early
Christian communities: the unusual, multileveled, burial chambers were, at surface-level, small plots of land used as entrances to the tiered catacombs below, by early Christians unable to afford large areas of land, nor the corresponding taxes sometimes levied on real estate, by regional authorities.
2730:
3220:
crucis faciem, verum et affixi hominis imitantur. Signum sane crucis naturaliter visimus in navi, quum velis tumentibus vehitur, quum expansis palmulis labitur; et quum erigitur iugum, crucis signum est, et quum homo, porrectis manibus, Deum pura mente veneratur. Ita signo crucis aut ratio naturalis innititur, aut vestra religio formatur.
2037:
1456:
Unlike the
Christian cross iconography associated with the shape of a crucifix (commonly used for torture and execution of criminals and captured enemy prisoners-of-war, by the pre-Christian Roman Empire), the Celtic cross' design origins are not clear. The Celtic cross has nevertheless been repeated
3266:
Sed et qui crucis nos religiosos putat, consecraneus noster erit. Cum lignum aliquod propitiatur, viderit habitus, dum materiae qualitas eadem sit; viderit forma, dum id ipsum dei corpus sit. Et tamen quanto distinguitur a crucis stipite Pallas Attica, et Ceres Pharia, quae sine effigie rudi palo et
3219:
Cruces etiam nec colimus, nec optamus. Vos plane qui ligneos deos consecratis, cruces ligneas, ut deorum vestrorum partes, forsitan adoratis. (0332B) Nam et signa ipsa et cantabra et vexilla castrorum, quid aliud quam inauratae cruces sunt et ornatae? Tropaea vestra victricia, non tantum simplicis
2971:
churches were decorated in a systematic manner and can be seen as having three zones of decoration, with the holiest at the top. This uppermost zone contained the dome, drum and apse. The dome was reserved for the
Pantokrator (meaning "ruler of all"), the drum usually contained images of angels or
2300:
contains the anchor; it dates from the end of the 1st century. During the 2nd and 3rd centuries the anchor occurs frequently in the epitaphs of the catacombs. The most common form of anchor found in early
Christian images was that in which one extremity terminates in a ring adjoining the cross-bar
3789:
During the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, there developed in Europe a most unusual, haunting and beautiful depiction of the
Crucifixion: Christ is shown crucified, not on a Cross, but on a lily. The origin of this idea lies in the biblical conviction that Jesus was descended from Jesse, the
2558:
with paintings of Christ, of the saints, of scenes from the Bible and allegorical groups. The catacombs are the cradle of all
Christian art. Early Christians accepted the art of their time and used it, as well as a poor and persecuted community could, to express their religious ideas. The use of
2585:(symbolizing the necessary connectedness of the Christian with Christ) and many others. These all derive from the writings found in the New Testament. Other decorations that were common included garlands, ribands, stars landscapes, which had symbolic meanings, as well.
3277:"At every forward step and movement, at every going in and out, when we put on our clothes and shoes, when we bathe, when we sit at table, when we light the lamps, on couch, on seat, in all the ordinary actions of daily life, we trace upon the forehead the sign" (
2807:
The rite of baptism is symbolic of the cleansing of the sinner by God, and, especially where baptism is by immersion, of the spiritual death and resurrection of the baptized person. Opinion differs as to the symbolic nature of the sacraments, with some
2445:, or holding such a plant. The symbolism may derive from the medieval belief that the Annunciation of Christ and his crucifixion occurred on the same day of the year, March 25. (The lily, in the context of the Annunciation, emphasises the purity of
2846:
Though significant in the history of religious doctrine, the
Byzantine controversy over images is not seen as of primary importance in Byzantine history. "Few historians still hold it to have been the greatest issue of the period..."
2112:
descended like a dove and came to rest on Jesus. For this reason the dove became a symbol of the Holy Spirit, and in general it occurs frequently in connection with early representations of baptism. It signifies also the
Christian
2938:
In Italy in the 4th century, baptisteries began to be built like domed mausoleums and martyriums, which spread in the 5th century. This reinforced the theological emphasis on baptism as a re-experience of the death and
2603:
are used in
Christian churches to symbolise the liturgical seasons. They are often of clerical vestments, frontals and altar hangings. There is some variation between denominations, but below is a general description:
1457:
in statuary, as a dominant feature of the anthropogenic Irish landscape, for at least 5,000 years. The Celtic cross and the
Christian cross are similar enough in shape, that the former was easily adopted by Irish
4232:
2243:
was thought to be particularly attentive to her young, to the point of providing her own blood by wounding her own breast when no other food was available. As a result, the pelican became a symbol of the
2950:
began to replace gold crosses at the centers of church domes beginning in the late eighth century, which Charles Stewart suggests may have been an over-correction in favor of images after the periods of
1785:
value in Greek of 100 as the letter rho has. In such a way the symbol expresses the idea that the Cross saves. The two letters tau and rho can also be found separately as symbols on early Christian
765:
2980:
The influence of Judaism upon Christian symbolism as early as the 2nd and 3rd centuries CE, is apparent both in painting and in sculpture, the most frequent motives being those that occur in the
3267:
informi ligno prostat? Pars crucis est omne robur, quod erecta statione defigitur; nos, si forte, integrum et totum deum colimus. Diximus originem deorum vestrorum a plastis de cruce induci.
2301:
while the other ends in two curved branches or an arrowhead; There are, however, many deviations from this form. In general the anchor can symbolize hope, steadfastness, calm and composure.
2927:
also transformed the domed central-type martyriums into the domed churches of mainstream Christianity. The use of centralized buildings for the burials of heroes was common by the time the
1207:
was characterized by being understood by initiates only, while after the legalization of Christianity in the Roman Empire during the 4th century more recognizable symbols entered in use.
569:
2274:
as a symbol of hope in future existence because the anchor was regarded in ancient times as a symbol of safety. For Christians, Christ is the unfailing hope of all who believe in him:
2566:
they buried their dead and celebrated their rites in these underground chambers. The Christian tombs were ornamented with indifferent or symbolic designs p alms, peacocks, with the
1559:
Among the symbols employed by the early Christians, that of the fish seems to have ranked first in importance. Its popularity among Christians was due principally to the famous
2069:. By about the 5th century the figure more often took on the appearance of the conventional depiction of Christ, as that convention had developed by this time, and was given a
774:
773:
761:
750:
772:
1367:
was a foreshadowing (a "type") of the cross (T, an upright with crossbar, standing for 300) and of Jesus (ΙΗ, the first two letters of his name ΙΗΣΟΥΣ, standing for 18).
831:
757:
753:
4639:
2988:
at an early date, was adopted in the Christian ritual as the litany "Libera domine". This litany was figuratively used in a certain sequence as a symbol, for the
2117:, not the human soul as such, but as indwelt by the Holy Spirit; especially, therefore, as freed from the toils of the flesh and entered into rest and glory. The
2828:. An icon is an image, picture, or representation; it is likeness that has symbolic meaning for an object by signifying or representing it, or by analogy, as in
2874:. The council anathematized all who held to iconoclasm, i.e. those who held that veneration of images constitutes idolatry. Then the ban was enforced again by
2785:
The rite is seen as a symbol of the spiritual change or event that takes place. In the Eucharist, the bread and wine are symbolic of the body and shed blood of
1567:
words forming the word for fish (Ichthus or Ιχθυς), which words briefly but clearly described the character of Christ and the claim to worship of believers: "
4674:
2017:
calculate 888 ((10*8)*10)+((10*8)+8) which was a number already known to represent Jesus, being the sum of the value of the letters of the name "Jesus" (
768:
764:
760:
1378:(i.e. "adorers of the gibbet"), and returns the accusation by likening the worship of pagan idols to the worship of poles or stakes. In his book
559:
3917:
713:
754:
5142:
4265:
3761:
771:
4041:
2816:, Orthodox, Lutherans, and some Reformed Christians believing that the outward rites truly do, by the power of God, act as media of grace.
1061:
1172:
3420:(2006). "The Staurogram in Early Christian Manuscripts: the earliest visual reference to the crucified Jesus?". In Kraus, Thomas (ed.).
1654:), derives from the statement said by Jesus (or God) himself "I am Alpha and Omega, the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End" (
5098:
1222:
sects, as well as some modern denominations such as Baptists that prefer to some extent not to use figures in their symbols due to the
756:
3616:- "Though ye have lien among the pots, yet shall ye be as the wings of a dove covered with silver, and her feathers with yellow gold."
770:
4649:
2532:
769:
751:
3015:, who was regarded by Christian symbolism as an analogue to Elijah, although this ascension was also taken as a type of the general
4601:
4553:
4209:
1534:
Marie-Madeleine Davy (1977) described in great detail Romanesque Symbolism as it developed in the Middle Ages in Western Europe.
4531:
4521:
4285:
1129:
669:
616:
5110:
4150:
4124:
4025:
3967:
3685:
3534:
3501:
3445:
2972:
prophets, and the apse semi-dome usually depicted the Virgin Mary, typically holding the Christ child and flanked by angels.
763:
4226:
4198:
1382:, written in 204, Tertullian tells how it was already a tradition for Christians to trace repeatedly on their foreheads the
755:
5235:
4192:
1114:
869:
591:
762:
5273:
3703:
Synopsis Stirpium Hibernicarum .....Dispositarum sive Commentatio de Plantis Indigenis praesertim Dublinensibus instituta
2870:, under whom another council was held reversing the decisions of the previous iconoclast council and taking its title as
1655:
766:
759:
554:
1804:
4145:(paperback ed.), Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, p. 23,
3019:
from the dead. Job sitting among the ashes was the symbol of patience and of the power of resistance of the flesh; and
706:
2309:
758:
5159:
4258:
3775:
3749:
2489:
2422:
1071:
17:
2452:
The rare depictions of a lily crucifix in England include most notably a painting on a wall above the side altar at
5403:
3007:
Abraham was represented as the symbol of the power of faith and Isaac as the sacrificed redeemer. The ascension of
2984:
as formulas for prayer on fast-days. The prayer beginning with the words "Mi she-'anah", which was included in the
2571:
2522:
2081:
2048:
626:
3726:
2290:
4670:
4568:
4536:
4217:
2469:
2453:
1211:
has borrowed from the common stock of significant symbols known to most periods and to all regions of the world.
1165:
752:
361:
2373:
has specific symbolic significance for Christians. Outside of baptism, water may represent cleansing or purity.
1519:
in goldsmith work were. The first depictions of crucifixion displaying suffering are believed to have arisen in
5468:
5362:
4611:
4526:
4237:
4168:
3020:
1124:
564:
509:
4329:
5169:
4491:
2839:
1136:
699:
270:
224:
192:
2086:
1914:
in Greek, was a well known and very early way to represent Christ. This symbol was already explained in the
5478:
5174:
4251:
3715:
3118:
3103:
2928:
2070:
1013:
955:
2174:
Christ who brings salvation through the cross. This biblical scene led to interpreting the dove also as a
5245:
5026:
4888:
3235:
2775:
2230:
1076:
499:
202:
2181:
The "wings of a dove", with associaions of wealth and good fortune, contrast with misfortune and shame.
2053:
The image of the Good Shepherd, often with a sheep on his shoulders, is the most common of the symbolic
5473:
5463:
5355:
5317:
4804:
2956:
2871:
2109:
1158:
730:
1389:
While early Christians used the T-shape to represent the cross in writing and gesture, the use of the
5398:
5388:
5350:
5105:
4915:
4883:
4837:
4814:
3012:
2898:
2417:
2370:
2062:
1364:
1286:
1215:
980:
596:
549:
539:
394:
234:
197:
2910:
5378:
5283:
5278:
5093:
5058:
4984:
4940:
4935:
4732:
4558:
4403:
4300:
4295:
3429:
3052:
2916:
2574:, or seated between figures of saints, and sometimes with elaborate scenes from the New Testament.
2543:
2374:
2136:
However the more ancient explanation of the dove as a Christian symbol refers to it as a symbol of
1414:
1278:
1050:
664:
611:
3031:
in the fiery furnace typified steadfastness in persecution and faith in the aid of God. Christian
2402:
2189:
1476:
thought to be 2nd or 3rd century have survived, but the subject does not appear in the art of the
1439:, a Greek cross with clover leaf edges, popular in southern India, date to about the 6th century.
1335:, rejecting the claim by detractors that Christians worship the cross. The cross (crucifix, Greek
767:
50:
5063:
4797:
4702:
4591:
4541:
4398:
4315:
4290:
3802:
3655:
3128:
2886:
2194:
2100:
as a Christian symbol is of very frequent occurrence in ancient ecclesiastical art. According to
1469:
1119:
1103:
985:
917:
674:
631:
406:
255:
4056:
3366:
3223:
3201:
2923:
area, the growing popularity of which spread the form. The spread and popularity of the cult of
5383:
4974:
4832:
4774:
4665:
4644:
4409:
4204:
3526:
3297:, George Menachery, SARAS, 2005; and "Thomas Christian Architecture", in George Menachery, ed.
2879:
2624:
2433:
The coat of arms of the Anglican diocese of Trinidad contains several Christian visual symbols.
2297:
2287:
2245:
544:
356:
239:
5442:
5041:
4767:
4576:
4479:
4434:
4363:
3661:
3590:
3567:
3372:
3163:
2940:
2763:
2563:
2483:
2446:
2338:
2041:
1919:
1861:
1813:
1616:
Jesus depicted with the alpha and omega letters in the catacombs of Rome from the 4th century
1346:
494:
300:
285:
209:
98:
63:
34:
3518:
3421:
3339:
5263:
5213:
5198:
5075:
4784:
4684:
4634:
4629:
4586:
4546:
4474:
3613:
3473:. Studium Biblicum Franciscanum, Collectio Minor, n.2. Jerusalem: Franciscan Print. Press.
3205:
3113:
3093:
2952:
2915:
The traditional mortuary symbolism of the dome led it to be used in Christian central-type
2855:
2851:
2429:
2126:
2014:
944:
927:
809:
804:
320:
93:
3770:. Routledge Studies in Theology, Imagination and the Arts. London: Routledge. p. 77.
2581:(symbolic of the Holy Spirit), the sacrificial lamb (symbolic of Christ's sacrifice), the
1685:
1523:, where the S-shaped slumped body type was developed. Early Western examples include the
8:
5432:
5408:
5393:
5312:
5302:
5288:
5268:
5258:
5228:
5208:
5137:
4868:
4697:
4624:
4454:
4383:
4310:
3422:
3148:
3072:
3004:, since the early religions, and the act of sacrifice emblemized the death on the cross.
2193:
Two peacocks, symbolizing paradise and immortality, on a fragment from an eighth century
2066:
1989:
means "Jesus Christ". Another more complicated explanation of this monogram was given by
1915:
1763:
in the 4th century explained these two united letters stating that the tau refers to the
1356:
1327:
1148:
884:
799:
687:
682:
401:
373:
315:
260:
182:
4186:
4099:
4083:"Conversion and Political Expedience: Imperial Themes in the Early Christian Baptistery"
4000:
3984:"Conversion and Political Expedience: Imperial Themes in the Early Christian Baptistery"
5307:
5253:
5164:
5154:
4945:
4860:
4809:
4419:
4189:
Basic Christian symbols A to T, types of crosses, number symbolism and color symbolism.
3466:
3278:
2960:
2894:
2890:
2875:
2801:
2666:
2645:
2594:
2366:
2054:
1960:
1601:
1516:
1497:
1322:
1282:
1086:
836:
821:
426:
419:
310:
305:
290:
175:
103:
1734:). The Staurogram was first used to abbreviate the Greek word for cross in very early
1446:, a Latin cross with an additional horizontal bar, first appears in the 10th century.
5344:
5223:
5129:
5053:
4952:
4925:
4844:
4792:
4742:
4501:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4449:
4439:
4388:
4146:
4120:
4021:
3963:
3911:
3771:
3745:
3681:
3625:"Birds, symbolic." Peter and Linda Murray, Oxford Dictionary of Christian Art (2004).
3530:
3519:
3497:
3474:
3441:
3138:
2863:
2130:
2058:
1760:
1477:
1443:
1383:
1270:
1081:
816:
788:
738:
651:
621:
601:
534:
484:
412:
229:
88:
78:
3584:
2217:
5088:
4930:
4905:
4484:
4444:
4094:
3995:
3433:
3417:
3392:
3310:
2989:
2968:
2743:
2526:
2479:
2406:
2333:
Ireland in the 5th century. The legend goes that St. Patrick used the shamrock – a
2330:
2279:
2105:
1528:
1485:
1458:
1223:
1219:
1033:
970:
636:
529:
280:
152:
83:
3471:
The Church from the Circumcision: History and Archaeology of the Judaeo-Christians
2729:
1200:. It invests objects or actions with an inner meaning expressing Christian ideas.
5297:
5203:
4994:
4692:
4221:
4140:
4114:
4015:
3957:
3765:
3153:
3108:
2867:
2813:
2797:
2155:
1963:, was formed by superimposing the first (capital) letters of the Greek words for
1764:
1626:
The use since the earliest Christianity of the first and the last letters of the
1621:
1436:
1298:
1262:
1244:
1018:
1002:
975:
965:
922:
906:
826:
474:
383:
3877:
2931:
was built in Jerusalem, but the use of centralized domed buildings to symbolize
5293:
5193:
4989:
4878:
4824:
4757:
4737:
4496:
4337:
3561:
3098:
2793:
2714:
2662:
2495:
2350:
2342:
2283:
2265:
1998:
1949:
1905:
1858:
1672:
1643:
1631:
1627:
1501:
1406:
1402:
1360:
1332:
1302:
520:
479:
459:
330:
295:
147:
68:
27:
Use of symbols, including archetypes, acts, artwork or events, by Christianity
5457:
5218:
5149:
4999:
4707:
4347:
4342:
3832:
3654:
3179:
3143:
2859:
2835:
2499:
2461:
2322:
2175:
2171:
2159:
1972:
1889:
1735:
1520:
1398:
1066:
960:
853:
433:
340:
137:
132:
4082:
3983:
3478:
3365:
3246:
2955:
in the eighth and ninth centuries. One of the first was on the nave dome of
2293:
for the first time connects the idea of hope with the symbol of the anchor.
2222:
5031:
4979:
4910:
4900:
4581:
4513:
4378:
4274:
3158:
3082:
3016:
2932:
2767:
2686:. In many churches Lent is marked by unbleached linen to suggest penitence.
2362:
2326:
2167:
1979:
1897:
1838:
1834:
1754:
1727:
1719:
1512:
1473:
1450:
1318:
1293:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1028:
1023:
879:
874:
389:
162:
42:
2866:
near Constantinople in 754. Image veneration was later reinstated by the
2036:
1504:, small metal flasks for holy oil, that were pilgrim's souvenirs from the
1325:
by the 2nd century. At the end of the 2nd century, it is mentioned in the
1249:
1218:, or the avoidance or prohibition of types of images. These include early
5333:
5083:
5046:
4895:
4747:
4722:
4619:
4180:
3521:
The earliest Christian artifacts : manuscripts and Christian origins
3133:
2997:
2641:
2518:
2475:
2378:
2346:
2275:
2236:
2206:
2118:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1923:
1885:
1564:
1500:
that the image developed, and many of the earliest depictions are on the
1427:
1394:
1390:
1274:
1266:
504:
464:
449:
335:
275:
219:
1796:
symbol, and it spread over Western Europe in the 5th and 6th centuries.
5181:
4920:
4717:
4373:
4305:
3400:
3032:
2964:
2809:
2759:
2750:, the number of which vary between denominations. Always included are
2747:
2145:
1782:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1689:
1667:
1524:
1493:
1481:
1371:
1193:
444:
4214:
2001:
of iota is 10 and the chi is the initial of the word "Christ" (Greek:
1548:
5338:
5186:
5021:
5011:
5004:
4962:
4957:
4752:
4712:
3437:
3387:
3173:
2829:
2824:
The tomb paintings of the early Christians led to the development of
2751:
2658:
2637:
2616:
2555:
2390:
2253:
2170:
as a sign that the water had receded, and this scene recalled to the
1994:
1956:
1786:
1597:
1511:
In the early medieval period, the plain cross became depicted as the
1505:
1355:("the Lord's sign") and he repeats the idea, current as early as the
606:
469:
439:
4229:
Symbol outlines that can be used to create Christian themed projects
2313:
St. Patrick with shamrock, from St. Benin's Church, Wicklow, Ireland
2148:
value of the sum in Greek of the letters of the word "dove" (Greek:
1857:. Widespread in ancient Christianity, it was the symbol used by the
1612:
4727:
4596:
3088:
3028:
2457:
2438:
2341:
form of the Christian deity. Three parts on one plant to represent
2318:
2141:
2101:
2065:. Initially it was also understood as a symbol like others used in
1990:
1986:
1865:
1854:
1560:
1465:
1310:
1306:
1254:
1227:
454:
325:
4174:
1955:
An early form of the monogram of Christ, found in early Christian
1792:
The Monogrammatic Cross was later seen also as a variation of the
1676:
A staurogram used as τρ-ligature part of the spelling of the word
5427:
5036:
5016:
4873:
4762:
4233:
Christian Symbols and Variations of Crosses – Images and Meanings
4020:, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 53–56, 79,
3168:
3066:
3024:
2985:
2981:
2959:, and this eventually developed into the bust image known as the
2782:
or, as in Catholic theology, "outward signs and media of grace."
2771:
2755:
2627:; also for the feasts of St Mary and saints who were not martyrs.
2567:
2536:
2513:
2503:
2240:
2202:
1869:
1824:
1793:
1553:
1543:
1489:
1464:
Although the cross was used as a symbol by early Christians, the
1337:
1309:(r. 695–698); on the obverse, a stepped cross in the shape of an
489:
214:
187:
3583:
2377:, especially in the form of a candle flame, represents both the
4243:
3391:
3044:
3008:
2947:
2878:
in 815. And finally icon veneration was decisively restored by
2710:
2679:
2675:
2620:
2509:
2334:
2271:
2137:
1968:
1850:
1189:
641:
142:
4969:
4429:
4368:
4325:
3962:, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 53–56,
3048:
3040:
3001:
2993:
2924:
2920:
2786:
2701:
2654:
2648:, the Precious Blood, and feasts of saints who were martyred.
2612:
2600:
2382:
2249:
2149:
2018:
2008:
2002:
1964:
1909:
1881:
1776:
1768:
1701:
1568:
1350:
157:
119:
4195:
An in depth study on symbolic color occurrence in The Bible.
2780:
an outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace
2144:
in the 2nd century explains that the number 801 is both the
3560:
3123:
3036:
2825:
2692:
2683:
2582:
2578:
2442:
2337:
with three leaflets, native to Ireland – to illustrate the
2163:
2125:
was often used in the past, and sometimes still appears in
2114:
2097:
2090:
1833:
is formed by superimposing the first two (capital) letters
1817:
889:
3011:(english : Elia or Elias) was believed to typify the
1214:
Only a minority of Christian denominations have practiced
3860:(1976 ed.). Drive Publications Limited. p. 679.
2633:
1773:
4119:(illustrated ed.), ProQuest LLC, pp. 174–175,
2864:
a council forbidding image veneration was held at Hieria
2713:– Regarded as the colour of jealousy and treason; hence
2205:
did not decay after death, and so it became a symbol of
1757:, and may visually have represented Jesus on the cross.
1409:, used to identify Christ in paintings, is found in the
4042:"The Dome in Christian and Islamic Sacred Architecture"
3744:(1999). Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, hardcover:
3035:
contained artistic representations of the fall of man,
2562:
From the second half of the 1st century to the time of
1431:
20th–21st century Celtic cross with inscribed symbolism
3678:
Customs, Habits and Symbols of the Protestant Religion
2812:
denominations considering them entirely symbolic, and
2535:
includes a lily crucifix in the carving of the centre
2441:
churches in England. It depicts Christ crucified on a
4177:
Very comprehensive site, complete with search engine.
1342:
1317:
The shape of the cross, as represented by the letter
3062:
2657:– Used for 'ordinary' Sundays, in the periods after
2508:
A possible lily crucifix in a bench end at St Mary,
3494:
The Christian Celts: treasures of late Celtic Wales
2758:. The others which may or may not be included are
2040:A 3rd-century painting of the Good Shepherd in the
1515:, covered with jewels, as many real early medieval
1508:, as well as 5th century ivory reliefs from Italy.
1397:, i.e. crosses with intersecting beams, appears in
2393:, and from Jesus' description of his followers as
1922:. For other christograms such as IHS, see Article
1904:), sometime superimposed one on the other, or the
4087:Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas
3988:Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas
3496:. Cardiff: National Museum of Wales. p. 61.
2554:Christians from the very beginning adorned their
1496:led to a change of attitude. It was probably in
5455:
4183:(keyword searchable, includes symbols of saints)
3581:
2724:
1374:also rejects the accusation that Christians are
3904:The Cult of Images in the Age before Iconoclasm
3652:
3363:
3299:The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of India
2975:
2158:, which refer to Christ. In the Bible story of
1767:, and the rho refers to the Greek word "help" (
1592:" (Iēsous Christos Theou Huios Sōtēr), meaning
1341:) in this period was represented by the letter
749:
560:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
4205:Old Christian Symbols from book by Rudolf Koch
4116:Domes of Heaven: The Domed Basilicas of Cyprus
3293:see: "Granite Objects in Kerala Churches", in
5143:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches
4842:
4259:
3939:
3858:Treasures of Britain and Treasures of Ireland
3558:
1166:
707:
2858:sometime between 726 and 730. Under his son
2570:monogram, with bas-reliefs of Christ as the
2325:to illustrate the Christian doctrine of the
2296:A fragment of inscription discovered in the
1596:. This explanation is given among others by
745:
4201:Forty symbols at Kansas Wesleyan University
3648:
3646:
2778:. They are together commonly described as
2154:) and the sum of the values of the letters
1472:, were rare prior to the 5th century; some
1321:, came to be used as a "seal" or symbol of
4266:
4252:
4240:Ways Christian Symbols are used in worship
4138:
3926:The Spirit of Eastern Christendom 600–1700
3916:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3826:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3412:
3410:
2201:Ancient Greeks believed that the flesh of
2026:
1563:consisting of the initial letters of five
1233:
1173:
1159:
714:
700:
49:
4169:Symbols in Christian Art and Architecture
4098:
4017:The Dome: A Study in the History of Ideas
3999:
3959:The Dome: A Study in the History of Ideas
3901:
3830:
3700:
2854:began when images were banned by Emperor
2533:Church of St John the Baptist, Wellington
2381:and light. These symbols derive from the
1531:, both from the end of the 10th century.
3923:
3675:
3643:
3552:
3525:. William B. Eerdmans Pub. Co. pp.
2885:Today icons are used particularly among
2834:
2728:
2428:
2416:
2308:
2216:
2188:
2080:
2035:
1939:
1803:
1671:
1611:
1547:
1426:
1292:
1248:
4215:Tree of Jesse Directory by Malcolm Low.
4210:Christian Symbols, Origins and Meanings
4112:
4039:
3875:
3817:
3805:. Wellington and District Team Ministry
3760:
3516:
3491:
3465:
3454:
3416:
3407:
2789:, and in Catholic theology, become the
14:
5456:
4080:
3981:
3736:
3734:
3634:
3357:
3330:, Vol. II, 1972, 89–90, figs. 322–326.
2911:Symbolism of domes § Christianity
2742:Some of the oldest symbols within the
2539:of the east window of the Lady chapel.
4247:
4013:
3955:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3386:
3039:and the ark, scenes from the life of
1880:The first two letters of the name of
1238:
4187:ReligionFacts.com: Christian Symbols
3665:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3594:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3571:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3376:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3354:. Nouv. éd. Paris: Flammarion, 1977.
2577:Other Christian symbols include the
2437:A lily crucifix is a rare symbol of
2356:
2162:, after the flood a dove returns to
2031:
4100:10.22201/iie.18703062e.2002.80.2105
4001:10.22201/iie.18703062e.2002.80.2105
3731:
3639:. Kessinger Publishing. p. 37.
3575:
2389:that symbolized the Holy Spirit at
1470:depictions of the crucifixion scene
555:Members Church of God International
24:
3864:
2468:An alabaster example on a tomb in
1607:
1349:in the early 3rd century calls it
25:
5490:
4162:
4113:Stewart, Charles Anthony (2008),
3803:"St John the Baptist, Wellington"
3352:Initiation à la Symbolique Romane
3317:, Vol. II, 1972, 89–90, fig. 321.
3229:
2842:, 6th-century Coptic icon, Louvre
2549:
2490:Holy Trinity Church, Long Melford
2423:Holy Trinity Church, Long Melford
1944:A IX monogram from a 4th century
1480:. The purported discovery of the
1411:Miracles of the Loaves and Fishes
1072:List of Christian Nobel laureates
5438:
5437:
5426:
4554:State church of the Roman Empire
4273:
3940:Karlin-Hayter, Patricia (2002),
3659:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
3588:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
3565:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
3370:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
3065:
2996:was regarded as a symbol of the
2412:
1594:Jesus Christ, God's Son, Saviour
681:
4537:First seven ecumenical councils
4132:
4106:
4074:
4033:
4007:
3975:
3949:
3933:
3895:
3850:
3795:
3754:
3720:
3709:
3694:
3669:
3628:
3619:
3607:
3598:
3543:
3510:
3485:
3380:
3344:
1853:, in such a way to produce the
1552:A written Ichthys from ancient
5404:Relations with other religions
4810:Church of the East (Nestorian)
4805:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)
4199:Christian Symbol Wood Carvings
4181:Christian Symbols and Glossary
4171:Comprehensive general listing.
4139:Ousterhout, Robert G. (2008),
3656:"The Anchor (as Symbol)"
3340:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
3333:
3320:
3304:
3287:
3271:
3240:
3211:
3194:
2733:Baptism in early Christian art
1929:
1875:
1277:, in contrast with some other
1196:, acts, artwork or events, by
565:The New Church (Swedenborgian)
510:Nondenominational Christianity
13:
1:
4081:Temple, Nicholas (May 2002),
3982:Temple, Nicholas (May 2002),
3928:, University of Chicago Press
3367:"Symbolism of the Fish"
3295:Glimpses of Nazraney Heritage
3236:Stromata, book VI, chapter XI
3187:
2737:
2725:Symbols of Christian Churches
2488:Five examples in glass as at
2321:is said to have been used by
2256:from about the 12th century.
2085:A dove with an olive branch,
2013:) which has 8 letters, these
1661:
1418:
1289:, which use only a bare cross
1137:Christian influences in Islam
4193:Color Symbolism in The Bible
4142:Master Builders of Byzantium
4014:Smith, Earl Baldwin (1950),
3956:Smith, Earl Baldwin (1950),
3328:Iconography of Christian Art
3315:Iconography of Christian Art
3119:Holy Spirit in Christian art
3104:Coat of arms of the Holy See
2976:Symbols adopted from Judaism
2957:Hagia Sophia in Thessaloniki
2941:resurrection of Jesus Christ
2935:was a Christian innovation.
2704:– For funerals and requiems.
2615:– Used at festivals such as
2470:St Mary's Church, Nottingham
1115:Christianity in Civilization
1062:List of Christian scientists
956:American Catholic literature
570:Unitarians and Universalists
7:
5111:Views on poverty and wealth
3942:Oxford History of Byzantium
3058:
2304:
2282:, and several of the early
2061:, and it is related to the
1077:Catholic Church and science
10:
5495:
5356:World Evangelical Alliance
5318:Traditionalist Catholicism
4049:The Forum on Public Policy
3924:Jaroslav, Pelikan (1974),
3831:Fortescue, Adrian (1912).
3680:. GRIN Verlag. p. 5.
3604:Irenaeus, Adv Haer, 1.14.6
3549:Irenaeus, Adv Haer, 1.15.2
3428:. Leiden: Brill. pp.
3224:Octavius of Minucius Felix
2908:
2872:Seventh Ecumenical Council
2592:
2588:
2494:An image on the base of a
2464:. Other examples include:
2263:
2228:
2212:
2184:
2150:
2046:
2019:
2009:
2003:
1933:
1910:
1822:
1799:
1777:
1769:
1702:
1665:
1619:
1569:
1541:
1537:
1405:. An early example of the
1359:, that the number 318 (in
1351:
1242:
5421:
5371:
5351:World Council of Churches
5326:
5244:
5128:
5119:
5074:
4859:
4843:
4838:Latter Day Saint movement
4823:
4783:
4683:
4664:
4610:
4567:
4512:
4418:
4397:
4356:
4324:
4281:
4040:Grupico, Theresa (2011).
3944:, Oxford University Press
3902:Kitzinger, Ernst (1954),
3884:. Robert Appleton Company
3839:. Robert Appleton Company
3742:The Symbols of the Church
3701:Threlkeld, Caleb (1726).
3614:Commentary on Psalm 68:13
3582:Herbert Thurston (1913).
3424:New Testament Manuscripts
3013:ascension of Jesus Christ
2899:Eastern Catholic Churches
2717:is shown in yellow robes.
2298:catacomb of St. Domitilla
2286:speak in this sense. The
2259:
2063:Parable of the Lost Sheep
2055:representations of Christ
2023:) (10+8+200+70+400+200).
1814:Catacombs of San Callisto
1718:symbol, is composed by a
1488:, and the development of
1484:by Constantine's mother,
1287:Armenian Apostolic Church
981:Christian science fiction
5379:Anti-Christian sentiment
4559:Christian biblical canon
4055:(3): 8–9. Archived from
3676:Klöpping, Laura (2012).
3653:Maurice Hassett (1913).
3399:. XVIII, 23 – via
3364:Maurice Hassett (1913).
2904:
2819:
2695:– The colour of St Mary.
2544:Llanbeblig Book of Hours
1279:Protestant denominations
1130:Eastern Orthodox history
5433:Christianity portal
4592:Investiture Controversy
3635:Jenner, Henry (2004) .
3517:Hurtado, Larry (2006).
3129:Jesus, King of the Jews
2880:Empress Regent Theodora
2523:St Bartholomew's Church
2474:A wall painting in the
2399:God is a consuming fire
2385:; for example from the
2270:Christians adopted the
2076:
2027:Other Christian symbols
1527:and the reverse of the
1370:Clement's contemporary
1271:Eastern Orthodox Church
1261:, a symbol used in the
1234:Early Christian symbols
986:Spiritual autobiography
5384:Christian universalism
4775:Western Rite Orthodoxy
4620:Protestant Reformation
3833:"Veneration of Images"
3559:Arthur Barnes (1913).
3492:Redknap, Mark (1991).
2843:
2840:Christ and Saint Menas
2734:
2434:
2426:
2395:the light of the world
2314:
2288:Epistle to the Hebrews
2226:
2198:
2197:from a church in Italy
2093:
2087:Catacombs of Domitilla
2044:
1952:
1820:
1693:
1658:, also 1:8 and 21:6).
1617:
1556:
1432:
1314:
1290:
777:
5469:Christian iconography
5042:Anointing of the Sick
4175:Christian Symbols Net
3882:Catholic Encyclopedia
3876:Kennedy, D.J (1912).
3837:Catholic Encyclopedia
3662:Catholic Encyclopedia
3591:Catholic Encyclopedia
3568:Catholic Encyclopedia
3373:Catholic Encyclopedia
3164:Shield of the Trinity
3043:in three variations,
2838:
2732:
2564:Constantine the Great
2484:Abingdon, Oxfordshire
2432:
2420:
2312:
2220:
2192:
2084:
2042:Catacomb of Callixtus
2039:
1943:
1920:Clement of Alexandria
1845:) of the Greek word "
1807:
1690:Papyrus Bodmer XIV-XV
1675:
1615:
1551:
1430:
1415:Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
1347:Clement of Alexandria
1296:
1252:
1203:The symbolism of the
776:
5363:Nondenominationalism
5236:Role in civilization
4703:Independent Catholic
4645:Relations with Islam
4625:Catholic Reformation
4238:PreachingSymbols.com
4062:on November 29, 2014
3206:Jewish Encyclopaedia
3114:Flag of Vatican City
3094:Christian demonology
2868:Empress Regent Irene
2856:Leo III the Isaurian
2852:Byzantine Iconoclasm
2127:Eastern Christianity
1726:) superimposed on a
1517:processional crosses
810:Western Christianity
805:Eastern Christianity
407:Independent Catholic
5479:Early Christian art
5409:Unlimited atonement
5394:Cultural Christians
4833:Jehovah's Witnesses
4455:Sermon on the Mount
4384:Christian tradition
4311:Lists of Christians
3740:Dilasser, Maurice.
3637:Christian Symbolism
3467:Bagatti, Bellarmino
3326:Schiller, Gertrud,
3149:Religious symbolism
3073:Christianity portal
2542:A miniature in the
2317:Traditionally, the
2067:Early Christian art
2007:; proper spelling:
1916:Epistle of Barnabas
1808:The Chi-Rho symbol
1775:; proper spelling:
1712:Monogrammatic Cross
1401:towards the end of
1357:Epistle of Barnabas
1352:τὸ κυριακὸν σημεῖον
1186:Christian symbolism
1149:Christianity portal
885:Church architecture
865:Christian symbolism
800:Christian tradition
688:Christianity portal
545:Jehovah's Witnesses
225:History of theology
5254:Crusading movement
4522:Ante-Nicene period
4227:Chrismon Templates
4220:2008-10-12 at the
3767:The Passion in Art
2844:
2802:Transubstantiation
2735:
2595:Liturgical colours
2454:All Saints' Church
2435:
2427:
2315:
2227:
2199:
2160:Noah and the Flood
2094:
2045:
1953:
1821:
1700:⳨ (from the Greek
1694:
1618:
1557:
1433:
1323:Early Christianity
1315:
1291:
1283:Church of the East
1239:Cross and crucifix
1087:Quakers in science
837:Cultural Christian
822:Protestant culture
778:
427:Church of the East
291:Early Christianity
5474:Religious symbols
5464:Christian symbols
5451:
5450:
5417:
5416:
5345:Charta Oecumenica
4855:
4854:
4845:Iglesia ni Cristo
4660:
4659:
4640:French Revolution
4630:Thirty Years' War
4502:Apostolic fathers
4470:Great Commandment
4152:978-1-934536-03-2
4126:978-0-549-75556-2
4027:978-0-691-03875-9
3969:978-0-691-03875-9
3764:(23 July 2019) .
3687:978-3-656-13453-4
3585:"Symbolism"
3536:978-0-8028-2895-8
3503:978-0-7200-0354-3
3447:978-90-04-14945-8
3311:Schiller, Gertrud
3139:Nordic Cross flag
2929:Anastasis Rotunda
2891:Oriental Orthodox
2421:Lily Crucifix at
2365:made wide use of
2357:Elemental symbols
2131:Church tabernacle
2059:Catacombs of Rome
2032:The Good Shepherd
1761:Ephrem the Syrian
1478:Catacombs of Rome
1444:Patriarchal cross
1435:Instances of the
1417:, Ravenna (dated
1384:sign of the cross
1183:
1182:
1120:Christian history
1082:Parson-naturalist
817:Byzantine culture
789:Christian culture
739:Christian culture
724:
723:
577:
576:
550:Latter Day Saints
535:Iglesia ni Cristo
500:United Protestant
485:Plymouth Brethren
420:Oriental Orthodox
18:Christian symbols
16:(Redirected from
5486:
5441:
5440:
5431:
5430:
5274:Environmentalism
5224:Church buildings
5126:
5125:
4941:Eastern Orthodox
4936:Eastern Catholic
4848:
4847:
4815:Eastern Catholic
4793:Eastern Orthodox
4681:
4680:
4602:Age of Discovery
4587:East–West Schism
4485:Great Commission
4416:
4415:
4268:
4261:
4254:
4245:
4244:
4156:
4155:
4136:
4130:
4129:
4110:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4061:
4046:
4037:
4031:
4030:
4011:
4005:
4004:
4003:
3979:
3973:
3972:
3953:
3947:
3945:
3937:
3931:
3929:
3921:
3915:
3907:
3906:, Dumbarton Oaks
3899:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3873:
3862:
3861:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3828:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3786:
3784:
3762:Harries, Richard
3758:
3752:
3738:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3658:
3650:
3641:
3640:
3632:
3626:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3605:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3587:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3564:
3556:
3550:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3524:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3463:
3452:
3451:
3427:
3414:
3405:
3404:
3398:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3369:
3361:
3355:
3348:
3342:
3337:
3331:
3324:
3318:
3308:
3302:
3291:
3285:
3275:
3269:
3252:Tertullian uses
3244:
3238:
3233:
3227:
3215:
3209:
3198:
3075:
3070:
3069:
2969:Middle Byzantine
2887:Eastern Orthodox
2744:Christian Church
2709:
2700:
2691:
2674:
2653:
2632:
2611:
2527:Tong, Shropshire
2407:Jewish symbolism
2153:
2152:
2123:Eucharistic dove
2106:Baptism of Jesus
2073:and rich robes.
2022:
2021:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2005:
1913:
1912:
1849:ΙΣΤΟΣ", meaning
1781:) which has the
1780:
1779:
1772:
1771:
1753:, almost like a
1705:
1704:
1683:
1656:Revelation 22:13
1591:
1590:
1529:Cross of Lothair
1459:Catholic culture
1423:
1420:
1376:crucis religiosi
1354:
1353:
1220:Jewish Christian
1175:
1168:
1161:
1125:Catholic history
1034:Liturgical music
971:Christian poetry
748:
726:
725:
716:
709:
702:
685:
530:Christadelphians
460:Free Evangelical
413:Eastern Orthodox
370:
369:
321:East–West Schism
53:
30:
29:
21:
5494:
5493:
5489:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5484:
5483:
5454:
5453:
5452:
5447:
5425:
5413:
5367:
5322:
5240:
5121:
5115:
5070:
4995:One true church
4851:
4819:
4779:
4668:
4656:
4606:
4563:
4508:
4435:in Christianity
4421:
4407:
4401:
4393:
4352:
4328:
4320:
4277:
4272:
4222:Wayback Machine
4165:
4160:
4159:
4153:
4137:
4133:
4127:
4111:
4107:
4079:
4075:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4044:
4038:
4034:
4028:
4012:
4008:
3980:
3976:
3970:
3954:
3950:
3938:
3934:
3909:
3908:
3900:
3896:
3887:
3885:
3874:
3865:
3856:
3855:
3851:
3842:
3840:
3829:
3818:
3808:
3806:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3759:
3755:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3721:
3714:
3710:
3699:
3695:
3688:
3674:
3670:
3651:
3644:
3633:
3629:
3624:
3620:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3580:
3576:
3557:
3553:
3548:
3544:
3537:
3515:
3511:
3504:
3490:
3486:
3464:
3455:
3448:
3415:
3408:
3394:The City of God
3385:
3381:
3362:
3358:
3349:
3345:
3338:
3334:
3325:
3321:
3309:
3305:
3292:
3288:
3276:
3272:
3250:., chapter xvi.
3245:
3241:
3234:
3230:
3216:
3212:
3199:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3154:Saint symbolism
3109:Cross and Crown
3071:
3064:
3061:
2978:
2913:
2907:
2822:
2798:Blood of Christ
2740:
2727:
2720:
2707:
2698:
2689:
2672:
2651:
2630:
2609:
2597:
2591:
2552:
2498:at All Saints,
2447:the Virgin Mary
2415:
2387:tongues of fire
2359:
2307:
2268:
2262:
2233:
2215:
2187:
2176:symbol of peace
2156:Alpha and Omega
2079:
2051:
2034:
2029:
1985:, so that this
1938:
1932:
1878:
1827:
1811:
1802:
1681:
1670:
1664:
1624:
1622:Alpha and Omega
1610:
1608:Alpha and Omega
1546:
1540:
1437:St Thomas cross
1421:
1299:globus cruciger
1297:Early use of a
1263:Catholic Church
1257:, a cross with
1247:
1245:Christian cross
1241:
1236:
1226:prohibition of
1179:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1109:
1108:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1056:
1055:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1019:Christmas music
1008:
1007:
992:
991:
990:
976:Christian novel
966:Christian drama
950:
949:
934:
933:
932:
912:
911:
896:
895:
894:
859:
858:
843:
842:
841:
794:
793:
775:
746:
720:
657:
656:
627:Other religions
587:
579:
578:
367:
366:
346:
345:
266:
265:
245:
244:
178:
168:
167:
128:
127:
109:
108:
74:
73:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5492:
5482:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5435:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5375:
5373:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5365:
5360:
5359:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5336:
5330:
5328:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5291:
5286:
5284:Fundamentalism
5281:
5279:Existentialism
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5250:
5248:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5238:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5190:
5189:
5179:
5178:
5177:
5172:
5170:God the Father
5167:
5162:
5157:
5147:
5146:
5145:
5134:
5132:
5123:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5102:
5101:
5091:
5086:
5080:
5078:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5066:
5056:
5051:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5009:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4990:Body of Christ
4987:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4966:
4965:
4955:
4950:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4865:
4863:
4857:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4840:
4835:
4829:
4827:
4825:Restorationist
4821:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4789:
4787:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4689:
4687:
4678:
4662:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4616:
4614:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4573:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4534:
4529:
4527:Late antiquity
4524:
4518:
4516:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4497:Church fathers
4494:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4426:
4424:
4413:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4334:
4332:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4271:
4270:
4263:
4256:
4248:
4242:
4241:
4235:
4230:
4224:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4196:
4190:
4184:
4178:
4172:
4164:
4163:External links
4161:
4158:
4157:
4151:
4131:
4125:
4105:
4073:
4032:
4026:
4006:
3974:
3968:
3948:
3932:
3894:
3863:
3849:
3816:
3794:
3776:
3753:
3730:
3719:
3708:
3693:
3686:
3668:
3642:
3627:
3618:
3606:
3597:
3574:
3551:
3542:
3535:
3509:
3502:
3484:
3453:
3446:
3418:Hurtado, Larry
3406:
3379:
3356:
3343:
3332:
3319:
3303:
3301:, Vol. 2, 1973
3286:
3270:
3239:
3228:
3210:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3099:Christian flag
3096:
3091:
3086:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3060:
3057:
2977:
2974:
2909:Main article:
2906:
2903:
2821:
2818:
2794:Body of Christ
2739:
2736:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2715:Judas Iscariot
2705:
2696:
2687:
2670:
2649:
2646:Holy Cross Day
2628:
2625:Corpus Christi
2606:
2593:Main article:
2590:
2587:
2551:
2550:Tomb paintings
2548:
2547:
2546:
2540:
2529:
2516:
2506:
2492:
2486:
2472:
2414:
2411:
2358:
2355:
2351:The Holy Ghost
2343:God the Father
2331:Christianising
2306:
2303:
2284:Church Fathers
2266:Anchored cross
2261:
2258:
2229:Main article:
2214:
2211:
2186:
2183:
2172:Church Fathers
2078:
2075:
2047:Main article:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
1997:: because the
1950:Constantinople
1934:Main article:
1931:
1928:
1877:
1874:
1823:Main article:
1809:
1801:
1798:
1692:, 2nd century)
1666:Main article:
1663:
1660:
1628:Greek alphabet
1620:Main article:
1609:
1606:
1542:Main article:
1539:
1536:
1502:Monza ampullae
1492:as a site for
1407:cruciform halo
1403:Late Antiquity
1361:Greek numerals
1333:Minucius Felix
1243:Main article:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1188:is the use of
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
999:
998:
997:
994:
993:
989:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
952:
951:
948:
947:
941:
940:
939:
936:
935:
931:
930:
925:
920:
914:
913:
910:
909:
903:
902:
901:
898:
897:
893:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
861:
860:
857:
856:
850:
849:
848:
845:
844:
840:
839:
834:
832:Mormon culture
829:
824:
819:
814:
813:
812:
807:
796:
795:
792:
791:
785:
784:
783:
780:
779:
742:
741:
735:
734:
722:
721:
719:
718:
711:
704:
696:
693:
692:
691:
690:
678:
677:
672:
667:
659:
658:
655:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
588:
586:Related topics
585:
584:
581:
580:
575:
574:
573:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
524:
523:
521:Restorationist
517:
516:
515:
514:
513:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
430:
423:
416:
409:
404:
399:
398:
397:
392:
377:
376:
368:
365:
364:
359:
353:
352:
351:
348:
347:
344:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
296:Church Fathers
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
267:
264:
263:
258:
252:
251:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
206:
205:
200:
195:
185:
179:
174:
173:
170:
169:
166:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
129:
126:
125:
122:
116:
115:
114:
111:
110:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
75:
72:
71:
66:
60:
59:
58:
55:
54:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5491:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5444:
5436:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5423:
5420:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5370:
5364:
5361:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5346:
5342:
5341:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5325:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5247:
5243:
5237:
5234:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5219:Popular piety
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5188:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5180:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5151:
5148:
5144:
5141:
5140:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5127:
5124:
5118:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5073:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5006:
5003:
5001:
5000:People of God
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4858:
4846:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4782:
4776:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4686:
4682:
4679:
4676:
4672:
4667:
4666:Denominations
4663:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4635:Enlightenment
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4417:
4414:
4411:
4405:
4400:
4396:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4349:
4348:New Testament
4346:
4344:
4343:Old Testament
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4280:
4276:
4269:
4264:
4262:
4257:
4255:
4250:
4249:
4246:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4154:
4148:
4144:
4143:
4135:
4128:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4109:
4101:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4077:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4043:
4036:
4029:
4023:
4019:
4018:
4010:
4002:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3978:
3971:
3965:
3961:
3960:
3952:
3943:
3936:
3927:
3919:
3913:
3905:
3898:
3883:
3879:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3859:
3853:
3838:
3834:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3804:
3798:
3791:
3779:
3777:9781351884426
3773:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3757:
3751:
3750:0-8146-2538-X
3747:
3743:
3737:
3735:
3728:
3723:
3717:
3712:
3704:
3697:
3689:
3683:
3679:
3672:
3664:
3663:
3657:
3649:
3647:
3638:
3631:
3622:
3615:
3610:
3601:
3593:
3592:
3586:
3578:
3570:
3569:
3563:
3555:
3546:
3538:
3532:
3528:
3523:
3522:
3513:
3505:
3499:
3495:
3488:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3449:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3426:
3425:
3419:
3413:
3411:
3402:
3397:
3395:
3389:
3383:
3375:
3374:
3368:
3360:
3353:
3347:
3341:
3336:
3329:
3323:
3316:
3312:
3307:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3283:
3281:
3274:
3268:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3232:
3226:, chapter 29)
3225:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3193:
3182:
3181:
3180:Wordless Book
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3144:Peace symbols
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3068:
3063:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2946:Portraits of
2944:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2912:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2860:Constantine V
2857:
2853:
2848:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2731:
2722:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2572:Good Shepherd
2569:
2565:
2560:
2557:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2500:Great Glemham
2497:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2462:Isle of Wight
2459:
2455:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2431:
2424:
2419:
2413:Lily crucifix
2410:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2323:Saint Patrick
2320:
2311:
2302:
2299:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2224:
2219:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2196:
2191:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2146:numerological
2143:
2139:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2104:, during the
2103:
2099:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2057:found in the
2056:
2050:
2049:Good Shepherd
2043:
2038:
2024:
2016:
2015:early fathers
2000:
1999:numeric value
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1907:
1906:numeric value
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1862:Constantine I
1860:
1859:Roman emperor
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1819:
1815:
1806:
1797:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1783:numerological
1774:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1736:New Testament
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1521:Byzantine art
1518:
1514:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1474:engraved gems
1471:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1454:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1429:
1425:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1399:Christian art
1396:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1365:Genesis 14:14
1362:
1358:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1067:Merton thesis
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1004:
1001:
1000:
996:
995:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
961:Bible fiction
959:
957:
954:
953:
946:
943:
942:
938:
937:
929:
926:
924:
923:Radio formats
921:
919:
918:Film industry
916:
915:
908:
905:
904:
900:
899:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
862:
855:
852:
851:
847:
846:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
811:
808:
806:
803:
802:
801:
798:
797:
790:
787:
786:
782:
781:
744:
743:
740:
737:
736:
732:
728:
727:
717:
712:
710:
705:
703:
698:
697:
695:
694:
689:
684:
680:
679:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
662:
661:
660:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
589:
583:
582:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
527:
526:
525:
522:
519:
518:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
437:
436:
435:
431:
429:
428:
424:
422:
421:
417:
415:
414:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
396:
393:
391:
388:
387:
386:
385:
381:
380:
379:
378:
375:
372:
371:
363:
360:
358:
357:Denominations
355:
354:
350:
349:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
268:
262:
259:
257:
254:
253:
249:
248:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
190:
189:
186:
184:
181:
180:
177:
172:
171:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
138:New Testament
136:
134:
133:Old Testament
131:
130:
123:
121:
118:
117:
113:
112:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
76:
70:
67:
65:
62:
61:
57:
56:
52:
48:
47:
44:
41:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
5343:
5138:Architecture
5032:Confirmation
4980:Ecclesiology
4911:Original sin
4901:Nicene Creed
4698:Old Catholic
4582:Papal States
4514:Great Church
4480:Resurrection
4422:Christianity
4379:New Covenant
4330:(Scriptures)
4275:Christianity
4141:
4134:
4115:
4108:
4090:
4086:
4076:
4066:November 16,
4064:. Retrieved
4057:the original
4052:
4048:
4035:
4016:
4009:
3991:
3987:
3977:
3958:
3951:
3941:
3935:
3925:
3922:, quoted by
3903:
3897:
3886:. Retrieved
3881:
3878:"Sacraments"
3857:
3852:
3841:. Retrieved
3836:
3807:. Retrieved
3797:
3788:
3781:. Retrieved
3766:
3756:
3741:
3727:Matthew 5:14
3722:
3711:
3702:
3696:
3677:
3671:
3660:
3636:
3630:
3621:
3609:
3600:
3589:
3577:
3566:
3562:"Dove"
3554:
3545:
3520:
3512:
3493:
3487:
3470:
3423:
3393:
3382:
3371:
3359:
3351:
3350:M.-M. Davy,
3346:
3335:
3327:
3322:
3314:
3306:
3298:
3294:
3289:
3279:
3273:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3242:
3231:
3218:
3213:
3196:
3178:
3159:Sator Square
3083:Arma Christi
3081:
3017:resurrection
3006:
2979:
2967:writes that
2945:
2937:
2933:resurrection
2914:
2884:
2849:
2845:
2823:
2806:
2790:
2784:
2779:
2768:confirmation
2741:
2721:
2598:
2576:
2561:
2553:
2451:
2436:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2363:early Church
2360:
2327:Holy Trinity
2316:
2295:
2269:
2239:Europe, the
2234:
2200:
2180:
2168:olive branch
2166:bringing an
2135:
2122:
2102:Matthew 3:16
2095:
2052:
1982:
1975:
1954:
1901:
1893:
1879:
1846:
1842:
1830:
1828:
1791:
1759:
1755:nomen sacrum
1731:
1723:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1697:
1695:
1677:
1651:
1647:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1602:Civitate Dei
1593:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1558:
1533:
1513:crux gemmata
1510:
1463:
1455:
1451:Celtic cross
1448:
1441:
1434:
1410:
1388:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1336:
1326:
1316:
1258:
1213:
1209:Christianity
1205:early Church
1202:
1198:Christianity
1192:, including
1185:
1184:
1029:Gospel music
1024:Church music
880:Lutheran art
875:Catholic art
864:
646:
592:Civilization
432:
425:
418:
411:
402:Old Catholic
382:
240:Universalism
163:New Covenant
99:Resurrection
43:Christianity
5399:Persecution
5334:Christendom
5327:Cooperation
5264:Charismatic
5175:Holy Spirit
5084:Natural law
5047:Holy orders
4896:Christology
4889:Holy Spirit
4758:Pentecostal
4738:Evangelical
4733:Charismatic
4577:Monasticism
4569:Middle Ages
4532:Constantine
4475:Crucifixion
4357:Foundations
4093:(80): 7–9,
3809:1 September
3783:23 February
3282:, chapter 3
3260:"pole" and
3134:Lamb of God
2998:crucifixion
2961:Pantokrator
2642:Palm Sunday
2636:– Used for
2519:Choir stall
2476:Lady Chapel
2379:Holy Spirit
2347:God the Son
2276:Saint Peter
2252:and of the
2207:immortality
2119:Peristerium
2110:Holy Spirit
1946:Sarcophagus
1936:IX monogram
1930:IX monogram
1924:Christogram
1876:IH monogram
1739:manuscripts
1395:Latin cross
1391:Greek cross
1275:Anglicanism
1267:Lutheranism
1224:Decalogue's
928:Video games
480:Pentecostal
362:(full list)
336:Reformation
301:Constantine
220:Christology
210:Apologetics
203:Holy Spirit
124:Foundations
94:Crucifixion
5458:Categories
5313:Prosperity
5289:Liberation
5229:Cathedrals
5214:Pilgrimage
5199:Literature
5076:Philosophy
5012:Sacraments
4985:Four marks
4946:Protestant
4921:Born again
4718:Anabaptist
4708:Protestant
4650:Influences
4612:Modern era
4316:By country
3888:2007-11-26
3843:2007-11-26
3401:Wikisource
3188:References
3033:sarcophagi
2965:Otto Demus
2953:Iconoclasm
2917:martyriums
2810:Protestant
2760:ordination
2748:sacraments
2738:Sacraments
2678:– Used in
2665:and after
2599:Different
2405:. Compare
2403:Hebrews 12
2339:tripartite
2280:Saint Paul
2264:See also:
2221:A pelican
1961:Palaestina
1698:Staurogram
1686:Luke 14:27
1668:Staurogram
1662:Staurogram
1525:Gero Cross
1494:pilgrimage
1482:True Cross
1422: 504
1413:mosaic of
1372:Tertullian
1363:, ΤΙΗ) in
1305:minted by
1194:archetypes
945:Literature
540:Irvingians
505:Waldensian
445:Anabaptist
434:Protestant
5389:Criticism
5339:Ecumenism
5303:Mysticism
5269:Democracy
5259:Anarchism
5246:Movements
5209:Mythology
5187:Catechism
5182:Education
5099:Evolution
5022:Eucharist
5005:Canon law
4963:Theotokos
4958:Mariology
4916:Salvation
4906:Tradition
4753:Methodist
4713:Adventist
4547:Chalcedon
3994:(80): 7,
3438:1842/1204
3388:Augustine
3280:De Corona
3256:"cross",
3174:Triquetra
2990:sacrifice
2830:semiotics
2814:Catholics
2752:Eucharist
2659:Pentecost
2638:Pentecost
2617:Christmas
2556:catacombs
2521:No. 8 in
2425:, Suffolk
2401:found in
2391:Pentecost
2369:symbols.
2367:elemental
2254:Eucharist
2151:περιστερά
2140:himself:
1995:Pachomius
1957:ossuaries
1787:ossuaries
1598:Augustine
1506:Holy Land
1498:Palestine
1380:De Corona
1216:Aniconism
870:Early art
647:Symbolism
607:Ecumenism
597:Criticism
475:Moravian
470:Methodist
440:Adventist
311:Augustine
261:Tradition
235:Salvation
104:Ascension
5443:Category
5308:Pacifism
5122:features
5106:Politics
5059:Ablution
5027:Marriage
4931:Catholic
4861:Theology
4768:Reformed
4748:Lutheran
4743:Holiness
4723:Anglican
4693:Catholic
4597:Crusades
4542:Nicaea I
4492:Apostles
4465:Miracles
4460:Parables
4450:Ministry
4440:Nativity
4404:timeline
4301:Prophets
4296:Glossary
4218:Archived
3912:citation
3716:Acts 2:3
3479:17529706
3469:(1984).
3089:Bestiary
3059:See also
3021:Hananiah
2895:Assyrian
2800:through
2776:marriage
2746:are the
2667:Epiphany
2480:St Helen
2458:Godshill
2439:Anglican
2319:shamrock
2305:Shamrock
2237:medieval
2195:ciborium
2142:Irenaeus
2004:ΧΡΕΙΣΤΟΣ
1991:Irenaeus
1987:monogram
1866:vexillum
1855:monogram
1741:such as
1710:), also
1561:acrostic
1490:Golgotha
1468:, i.e.
1466:crucifix
1328:Octavius
1313:monogram
1311:Iota Eta
1307:Leontios
1255:Crucifix
1228:idolatry
827:Holidays
731:a series
729:Part of
665:Glossary
612:Glossary
495:Reformed
465:Lutheran
450:Anglican
384:Catholic
326:Crusades
316:Ignatius
306:Councils
271:Apostles
176:Theology
89:Ministry
79:Nativity
35:a series
33:Part of
5372:Related
5165:Trinity
5130:Culture
5094:Science
5064:Hygiene
5054:Mission
5037:Penance
5017:Baptism
4953:Worship
4926:Liturgy
4874:Trinity
4785:Eastern
4763:Quakers
4728:Baptist
4685:Western
4675:members
4445:Baptism
4399:History
4389:Worship
4291:Outline
3248:Apology
3169:Trefoil
3029:Azariah
3025:Mishael
2986:selihah
2982:Mishnah
2919:in the
2772:penance
2764:unction
2756:baptism
2663:Trinity
2601:colours
2589:Colours
2568:chi-rho
2537:mullion
2514:Norfolk
2504:Suffolk
2291:6:19–20
2246:Passion
2241:pelican
2231:Pelican
2223:vulning
2213:Pelican
2203:peafowl
2185:Peacock
2010:ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ
1971:, i.e.
1918:and by
1870:Labarum
1868:(named
1831:Chi Rho
1825:Chi Rho
1800:Chi Rho
1794:Chi Rho
1778:Βoήθεια
1716:Tau-Rho
1706:, i.e.
1703:σταυρός
1682:ϲ(τρ)ον
1678:σταυρον
1600:in his
1577:ριστὸς
1554:Ephesus
1544:Ichthys
1538:Ichthys
1338:stauros
1303:solidus
1190:symbols
1104:History
1051:Science
675:Outline
652:Worship
632:Outline
622:Liturgy
602:Culture
455:Baptist
395:Eastern
331:Aquinas
256:History
230:Mission
215:Baptism
188:Trinity
84:Baptism
5089:Ethics
4970:Saints
4879:Father
4798:Church
4410:spread
4374:Gospel
4364:Church
4306:People
4149:
4123:
4024:
3966:
3774:
3748:
3684:
3533:
3529:–115.
3500:
3477:
3444:
3396:
3262:stipes
3202:CROSS:
3053:Daniel
3051:, and
3045:Joshua
3027:, and
3009:Elijah
2948:Christ
2925:relics
2921:Syrian
2791:actual
2711:Yellow
2708:
2699:
2690:
2680:Advent
2676:Purple
2673:
2652:
2631:
2621:Easter
2610:
2510:Binham
2349:, and
2335:clover
2272:anchor
2260:Anchor
2225:itself
2138:Christ
2020:ΙΗΣΟΥΣ
1969:Christ
1908:18 of
1896:) and
1851:Christ
1770:Βoήθια
1642:) and
1573:ησοῦς
1486:Helena
1285:, and
1273:, and
1269:, the
1259:corpus
686:
642:Sermon
637:Prayer
490:Quaker
374:Nicene
341:Luther
193:Father
153:Church
143:Gospel
69:Christ
5298:Right
5204:Music
5155:Jesus
5120:Other
4975:Angel
4430:Jesus
4420:Early
4369:Creed
4338:Canon
4326:Bible
4286:Index
4060:(PDF)
4045:(PDF)
3432:–26.
3258:palus
3049:David
3041:Moses
3002:Jesus
2994:Isaac
2905:Domes
2876:Leo V
2826:icons
2820:Icons
2787:Jesus
2702:Black
2655:Green
2613:White
2397:; or
2383:Bible
2371:Water
2329:when
2250:Jesus
2129:, as
1965:Jesus
1948:from
1886:Greek
1882:Jesus
1765:cross
1708:cross
1684:) in
1644:omega
1632:alpha
1565:Greek
1301:on a
1003:Music
907:Media
890:Icons
670:Index
617:Index
390:Latin
276:Peter
158:Creed
148:Canon
120:Bible
64:Jesus
5294:Left
5194:Flag
5160:Mary
4671:list
4147:ISBN
4121:ISBN
4068:2014
4053:2011
4022:ISBN
3964:ISBN
3918:link
3811:2011
3785:2022
3772:ISBN
3746:ISBN
3682:ISBN
3531:ISBN
3498:ISBN
3475:OCLC
3442:ISBN
3254:crux
3124:Icon
3037:Noah
2897:and
2850:The
2796:and
2774:and
2754:and
2693:Blue
2684:Lent
2682:and
2583:vine
2579:dove
2531:The
2496:font
2482:'s,
2443:lily
2375:Fire
2361:The
2164:Noah
2115:soul
2108:the
2098:dove
2096:The
2091:Rome
2077:Dove
2071:halo
1993:and
1978:and
1973:iota
1967:and
1890:iota
1837:and
1829:The
1818:Rome
1749:and
1696:The
1680:(as
1589:ωτήρ
1585:ἱὸς
1581:εοῦ
1449:The
1442:The
1393:and
1253:The
286:Mary
281:Paul
5150:Art
4884:Son
4869:God
4095:doi
3996:doi
3527:114
3434:hdl
3430:207
3204:,
3000:of
2992:of
2661:or
2634:Red
2525:in
2478:of
2449:.)
2248:of
2235:In
2121:or
1980:chi
1959:in
1898:eta
1884:in
1872:).
1864:as
1839:rho
1835:chi
1751:P75
1747:P45
1743:P66
1728:rho
1720:tau
1714:or
1650:or
1638:or
1331:of
1014:CCM
854:Art
198:Son
183:God
5460::
4673:,
4091:24
4089:,
4085:,
4051:.
4047:.
3992:24
3990:,
3986:,
3914:}}
3910:{{
3880:.
3866:^
3835:.
3819:^
3787:.
3733:^
3645:^
3456:^
3440:.
3409:^
3390:.
3313:,
3055:.
3047:,
3023:,
2963:.
2901:.
2893:,
2889:,
2882:.
2862:,
2804:.
2770:,
2766:,
2762:,
2644:,
2640:,
2623:,
2619:,
2512:,
2502:,
2460:,
2456:,
2409:.
2353:.
2345:,
2278:,
2178:.
2133:.
2089:,
1926:.
1911:ΙΗ
1888:,
1847:ΧΡ
1843:ΧΡ
1816:,
1812:,
1789:.
1745:,
1630:,
1604:.
1424:).
1419:c.
1386:.
1345:.
1281:,
1265:,
1230:.
733:on
37:on
5296:/
4677:)
4669:(
4412:)
4408:(
4406:)
4402:(
4267:e
4260:t
4253:v
4097::
4070:.
3998::
3946:.
3930:.
3920:)
3891:.
3846:.
3813:.
3705:.
3690:.
3539:.
3506:.
3481:.
3450:.
3436::
3403:.
3284:)
3222:(
3208:.
2669:.
1983:Χ
1976:Ι
1902:Η
1900:(
1894:Ι
1892:(
1841:(
1810:☧
1732:Ρ
1730:(
1724:Τ
1722:(
1688:(
1652:Ω
1648:ω
1646:(
1640:Α
1636:α
1634:(
1587:Σ
1583:Υ
1579:Θ
1575:Χ
1571:Ἰ
1343:T
1319:T
1174:e
1167:t
1160:v
715:e
708:t
701:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
