Civil rights movements

124: 695: 750:. Although they came from different backgrounds and political interests, these organizers and leaders were intent on the peacefulness of the march, which had its own marshal to ensure that the event would be peaceful and respectful of the law. The success of the march is still being debated, but one aspect which has been raised was the misrepresentation of women. A lot of feminine civil rights groups had participated in the organization of the march, but when it came to actual activity women were denied the right to speak and were relegated to figurative roles in the back of the stage. As some female participants noticed, the March can be remembered for the "I Have a Dream" speech but for some female activists it was a new awakening, forcing black women not only to fight for civil rights but also to engage in the Feminist movement. 6906: 6918: 6966: 6942: 6860: 6930: 6954: 6880: 621: 27: 6870: 1302:(unsanctioned press); individual and collective protest letters and petitions; unsanctioned demonstrations; an informal network of mutual aid for prisoners of conscience; and, most prominently, civic watch groups appealing to the international community. All of these activities came at great personal risk and with repercussions ranging from dismissal from work and studies to many years of imprisonment in 4605: 1371: 252:(CSJ) was launched in Belfast. This organisation joined the struggle for better housing and committed itself to ending discrimination in employment. The CSJ promised the Catholic community that their cries would be heard. They challenged the government and promised that they would take their case to the Commission for Human Rights in Strasbourg and to the United Nations. 1261:. It was characterized by a new openness of dissent, a concern for legality, the rejection of any 'underground' and violent struggle. It played a significant role in providing a common language and goal for many Soviet dissidents, and became a cause for diverse social groups in the dissident millieu, ranging from activists in the youth subculture to academics such as 634:(NAACP). These efforts were a hallmark of the early American Civil Rights Movement from 1896 to 1954. However, by 1955, blacks became frustrated by gradual approaches to implement desegregation by federal and state governments and the "massive resistance" by whites. The black leadership adopted a combined strategy of 906:

The Chicano Movement occurred during the civil rights era that sought political empowerment and social inclusion for Mexican-Americans around a generally nationalist argument. The Chicano movement blossomed in the 1960s and was active through the late 1970s in various regions of the U.S. The movement

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in which the speech turned into a national text and eclipsed the troubles the organizers had to bring to march forward. It had been a fairly complicated affair to bring together various leaders of civil rights, religious and labor groups. As the name of the march implies, many compromises had to be

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started on 12 August when an Apprentice Boys, a Protestant order, parade passed through Waterloo Place, where a large crowd was gathered at the mouth of William Street, on the edge of the Bogside. Different accounts describe the first outbreak of violence, with reports stating that it was either an

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was concerned with the issues such as changing social attitudes and economic, reproductive, and educational equality (including the ability to have careers in addition to motherhood, or the right to choose not to have children) between the genders and addressed the rights of female minorities. The

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When the movement dealt with practical problems in the 1960s, most activists focused on the most immediate issues confronting Mexican Americans; unequal educational and employment opportunities, political disfranchisement, and police brutality. In the heady days of the late 1960s, when the student

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in the country and it was indirectly managed by the Soviet Union. Unlike other countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the communist take-over in Czechoslovakia in 1948 was, although as brutal as elsewhere, a genuine popular movement. Reform in the country did not lead to the convulsions seen in

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made in order to unite the followers of so many different causes. The "March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom" emphasized the combined purposes of the march and the goals that each of the leaders aimed at. The 1963 March on Washington organizers and organizational leaders, informally named the "

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and armed rebellion. The process has been long and tenuous in many countries, and many of these movements did not, or have yet to, fully achieve their goals, although the efforts of these movements have led to improvements in the legal rights of some previously oppressed groups of people, in some

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and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between practitioners and government authorities. The authorities of federal, state, and local governments often acted with an immediate response to end the crisis situations – sometimes in the practitioners' favor. Some of the different forms of

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The peace process has made significant gains in recent years. Through open dialogue from all parties, a state of ceasefire by all major paramilitary groups has lasted. A stronger economy improved Northern Ireland's standard of living. Civil rights issues have become less of a concern for many in

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Between the nights of August 20 and August 21, 1968, Eastern Bloc armies from five Warsaw Pact countries invaded Czechoslovakia. During the invasion, Soviet tanks ranging in numbers from 5,000 to 7,000 occupied the streets. They were followed by a large number of Warsaw Pact troops ranging from

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aimed at African Americans, unhindered or encouraged by government authorities. Although racial discrimination was present nationwide, the combination of law, public and private acts of discrimination, marginal economic opportunity, and violence directed toward African Americans in the southern

1501:, but was seen by the Soviet leadership as a threat to their hegemony over other states of the Eastern Bloc and to the very safety of the Soviet Union. Czechoslovakia was in the middle of the defensive line of the Warsaw Pact and its possible defection to the enemy was unacceptable during the 346:

explained subsequently that Catholics saw that it was possible for them to have their demands heard. He wrote that "we were able to see an example of the fact that you didn't just have to take it, you could fight back". For an account and critique of the movements for civil rights in Northern

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However, a sizeable minority in the ruling party, especially at higher leadership levels, was opposed to any lessening of the party's grip on society and actively plotted with the leadership of the Soviet Union to overthrow the reformers. This group watched in horror as calls for multi-party

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That version of the past did not, but take into account the history of those Mexicans who had immigrated to the United States. It also gave little attention to the rights of undocumented immigrants in the United States in the 1960s— which is not surprising, since immigration did not have the

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Northern Ireland over the past 20 years as laws and policies protecting their rights, and forms of affirmative action, have been implemented for all government offices and many private businesses. Tensions still exist, but the vast majority of citizens are no longer affected by violence.

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in New Mexico—adopted a historical account of the preceding hundred and twenty-five years that had obscured much of Mexican-American history. Gonzales and Tijerina embraced a nationalism that identified the failure of the United States government to live up to its promises in the

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The IRA encouraged Republicans to join in the movement for civil rights but never controlled NICRA. The Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association fought for the end of discrimination toward Catholics and did not take a position on the legitimacy of the state. Republican leader

241:, who were fighting for equal access to public housing for the members of the Catholic community. This domestic issue would not have led to a fight for civil rights were it not for the fact that being a registered householder was a qualification for local government 1134:

We are a revolutionary group of men and women formed with the realization that complete sexual liberation for all people cannot come about unless existing social institutions are abolished. We reject society's attempt to impose sexual roles and definitions of our

5744: 1333:(1970). Though faced with the loss of many members to prisons, labor camps, psychiatric institutions and exile, they documented abuses, wrote appeals to international human rights bodies, collected signatures for petitions, and attended trials. 1053:

new feminist movement, which spanned from 1963 to 1982, explored economic equality, political power at all levels, professional equality, reproductive freedoms, issues with the family, educational equality, sexuality, and many other issues.

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still exists worldwide, and some believe that blacks in the United States, on the whole, did not assimilate into U.S. "mainstream" culture. Blacks arguably became even more oppressed, this time partially by "their own" people in a new black

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was also formed in the U.S. in response to both the male domination of other Gay Lib groups and the anti-lesbian sentiment in the Women's Movement. Lesbianism was advocated as a feminist choice for women, and the first currents of

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Significantly, Soviet dissidents of the 1960s introduced the "legalist" approach of avoiding moral and political commentary in favor of close attention to legal and procedural issues. Following several landmark trials of writers

309:(IRA) from the Catholic community, a group reminiscent of those from the War of Independence and the Civil War that occurred in the 1920s that had launched a campaign of violence to end British rule in Northern Ireland. Loyalist 321:

without trial of suspected IRA members. For more than 300 people, the internment lasted several years. The huge majority of those interned by the British forces were Catholic. In 1978, in a case brought by the government of the

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political significance it later acquired. It was a decade later when activists, such as Bert Corona in California, embraced the rights of undocumented workers and helped broaden the movement to include their issues.

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While there has been significant progress in redressing discriminatory laws, Indigenous Australians continue to be at a disadvantage compared to their non-Indigenous counterparts, on key measures such as:

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From the middle of the 1960s, Czechs and Slovaks showed increasing signs of rejection of the existing regime. This change was reflected by reformist elements within the communist party by installing

691:. The evidence of changing attitudes could also be seen around the country, where small businesses sprang up supporting the Civil Rights Movement, such as New Jersey's Everybody's Luncheonette. 1831: 123: 1516:

The Soviets insisted that they had been invited to invade the country, stating that loyal Czechoslovak Communists had told them that they were in need of "fraternal assistance against the

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in April 1968. The unofficial newsletter reported violations of civil rights and judicial procedure by the Soviet government and responses to those violations by citizens across the USSR.

927:. In that account, Mexican Americans were a conquered people who simply needed to reclaim their birthright and cultural heritage as part of a new nation, which later became known as 2149:~ an online multimedia encyclopedia presented by the King Institute at Stanford University, includes information on over 1000 Civil Rights Movement figures, events and organizations 1298:

Throughout the 1960s–1980s, dissidents in the civil and human rights movement engaged in a variety of activities: The documentation of political repression and rights violations in

978:(AIM) takeovers in their early days were noticeably violent. Some appeared to be spontaneous outcomes of protest gatherings, but others included armed seizure of public facilities. 181:

and other social movements for civil rights included ensuring that the rights of all people were and are equally protected by the law. These include but are not limited to the

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movement was active around the globe, the Chicano movement brought about more or less spontaneous actions, such as the mass walkouts by high school students in Denver and

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Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Global Freedom Struggle, an encyclopedia presented by the Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute at Stanford University

631: 4363: 2648: 381:, 30 January 1972, in Derry is seen by some as a turning point in the movement for civil rights. Fourteen unarmed Catholic civil rights marchers protesting against 5285: 347:

Ireland, reflecting on the ambiguous link between the causes of civil rights and opposition to the union with the United Kingdom, see the work of Richard English.

4343: 1340:(1975) containing human rights clauses provided civil rights campaigners with a new hope to use international instruments. This led to the creation of dedicated 1103:, the homophile movement underwent a rapid growth and transformation, with a focus on building community and unapologetic activism which came to be known as the 5891: 5262: 4387: 2163: 447:

and the creation of public companies for the mining, forestry, iron/steel and petroleum industries of the province. Other changes included the creation of the

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on the RUC, or fighting broke out between Protestants and Catholics. The violence escalated and barricades were erected. Proclaiming this district to be the

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Having started with basic domestic issues, the civil rights struggle in Northern Ireland escalated to a full-scale movement that found its embodiment in the

259:. NICRA campaigned in the late sixties and early seventies, consciously modelling itself on the American civil rights movement and using similar methods of 6651: 5801: 2311: 1035: 5990: 4435: 4283: 867:

and further oppression of the vast majority of U.S. blacks is because Black Power's objectives have not had the opportunity to be fully carried through.

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We are women and men who, from the time of our earliest memories, have been in revolt against the sex-role structure and nuclear family structure.

1075:, social reformers have used the language of civil rights to argue against the oppression of same-sex sexuality, same-sex emotional intimacy, and 5866: 5630: 2894: 2785: 2205: 5980: 5970: 5322: 4806: 4673: 4440: 497:

a sovereign nation. In October 1970, in response to the arrest of some of its members earlier in the year, the FLQ kidnapped British diplomat

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All of these specific demands were aimed at an ultimate goal that had been the one of women at the very beginning: the end of discrimination.

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took place until late in the 20th century. Like other international civil rights movements, the push for progress has involved protests (See

1246: 586:, disenfranchisement, and second class citizenship degraded the citizenship rights of African Americans, especially in the South. It was the 6603: 5975: 1532:) and hundreds were wounded (up to September 3, 1968). Alexander Dubček called upon his people not to resist. He was arrested and taken to 1115: 1480:. For these reasons, the people voted for communists in the 1948 elections, the last democratic poll to take place there for a long time. 1241:

increasingly turned their attention civil and eventually human rights concerns. The fight for civil and human rights focused on issues of

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Movements for civil rights in the United States include noted legislation and organized efforts to abolish public and private acts of

6773: 5985: 5960: 5352: 4420: 2971: 2673: 1549: 1520:". A letter which was found in 1989 proved an invitation to invade did indeed exist. During the attack of the Warsaw Pact armies, 72 1228: 609: 256: 91: 683:, in which children were set upon by the local authorities with fire hoses and attack dogs, and longer marches, as exhibited by the 7006: 6986: 6489: 6065: 5896: 5844: 5793: 4862: 4455: 4410: 4078: 2961: 2889: 2615: 2495: 1258: 710: 624: 63: 1971: 1203:. "Gay Lib" groups were formed in Australia, New Zealand, Germany, France, the UK, the US, Italy and elsewhere. The lesbian group 6509: 6107: 6028: 5921: 5458: 5225: 4710: 4369: 2757: 2357: 44: 1215:

By the late 1970s, the radicalism of Gay Liberation was eclipsed by a return to a more formal movement that became known as the

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Headquarters in Washington, D.C. in November 1972, they sacked the building and 24 people were arrested. Activists occupied the

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One of the most public manifestations of the Black Power movement took place in the 1968 Olympics, when two African-Americans,

367:, Bogsiders carried on fights with the RUC for days using stones and petrol bombs. The government finally withdrew the RUC and 206: 1313:

The rights-based strategy of dissent merged with the idea of human rights. The human rights movement included figures such as

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had roots in the civil rights struggles that had preceded it, adding to it the cultural and generational politics of the era.

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had angered many Québécois. Policies of the Liberal government also sought to give Quebec more economic autonomy, such as the

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occupation of 1969, although commonly associated with NAM, pre-dated the organization, but was a catalyst for its formation.

538: 534: 530: 526: 458:, as more and more Québécois saw themselves as a distinctly culturally different from the rest of Canada. The segregationist 4634: 4492: 2956: 2904: 2850: 2252: 1742: 338:

approved for use by British interrogators on internees in Northern Ireland amounted to "inhuman and degrading" treatment.

7011: 6991: 6258: 6043: 5770: 5643: 4470: 2899: 2835: 2198: 2138: 1583: 1557: 1199:" and publicly reveal their sexuality to family, friends and colleagues as a form of activism, and to counter shame with 412: 386: 77: 6033: 5682: 5617: 5482: 2909: 2884: 2869: 2598: 2266: 1119: 486: 1476:

that came right after the war. People still remembered what they felt as Czechoslovakia's betrayal by the West at the

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Australia was settled by the British without a treaty or recognition of the Indigenous population, consisting of

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Height,Dorothy. "We wanted the voice of a woman to be heard": Black women and the 1963 March on Washington", in

6996: 6763: 6620: 2191: 1913: 1242: 331: 48: 5713: 4838: 4487: 4430: 4229: 2571: 2544: 2362: 1122:, and the slogan "Gay Power", as a defiant answer to the rights-oriented homophile movement, was inspired by 451:(Quebec Pension Plan) and new labour codes that made unionizing easier and gave workers the right to strike. 1472:

could have liberated the city earlier. This was important for the spread of pro-Russian (and pro-communist)

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argues that Africans have historically fought to protect their lands, cultures, and freedoms from European

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Barber, Lucy. "In the Great Tradition: The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, August 28, 1963," in

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as party leader. Dubček's reforms of the political process inside Czechoslovakia, which he referred to as

1048:(which led to women attaining the right to vote in the early part of the 20th century), the period of the 839:, and that any integration into the society which has stolen another people and their wealth is an act of 6710: 6526: 6100: 6007: 5901: 5656: 5507: 4878: 4777: 4382: 4116: 3877: 2874: 2840: 2820: 2704: 2583: 2290: 1489: 1291: 1187:

were employed. Specifically, the word 'gay' was preferred to previous designations such as homosexual or

1096: 1005: 924: 759: 706: 684: 595: 555:. It is sometimes referred to as the Second Reconstruction era, alluding to the unresolved issues of the 455: 287: 249: 6896: 6467: 5849: 4749: 4460: 4328: 4298: 3282: 3037: 2926: 2856: 2327: 2178: 2002: 1639: 1270: 6783: 6627: 6059: 5871: 5487: 4921: 4913: 4902: 4126: 3957: 3927: 3862: 3347: 2986: 2966: 2936: 2845: 2779: 2752: 2718: 2461: 2242: 1587: 1494: 1353: 772: 302: 5997: 1731:

Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present

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Richard English, "The Interplay of Non-violent and Violent Action in Northern Ireland, 1967–72", in

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Gay Liberationists aimed at transforming fundamental concepts and institutions of society, such as

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Joseph Schwantner: New Morning for the World; Nicolas Flagello: The Passion of Martin Luther King

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as the language of business in the province, while also controversially restricting the usage of

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Two Cultures of Rights: The Quest for Inclusion and Participation in Modern America and Germany

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Deliberative Democracy: Political Legitimacy and Self-Determination in Multicultural Societies

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One of the most important events in the era of civil rights in Northern Ireland took place in

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The civil rights struggle in Northern Ireland can be traced to activists in Dungannon, led by

6813: 6705: 6700: 6615: 6576: 6383: 6378: 6015: 5754: 5621: 5019: 5011: 4819: 4796: 4739: 4425: 3962: 3777: 3407: 3312: 3292: 3262: 2951: 2946: 2693: 2658: 2556: 2520: 2214: 1784: 1591: 1567: 1453: 1345: 1289:(unsanctioned press) became more common. This activity eventually led to the founding of the 1180: 1066: 1012: 852: 824: 768: 754: 544: 432: 355: 227: 178: 166: 131: 878:, stood on the podium doing a Black Power salute. This act is still remembered today as the 263:. NICRA organised marches and protests to demand equal rights and an end to discrimination. 6970: 6768: 6634: 6278: 6215: 6185: 6170: 6155: 4786: 4445: 4333: 4131: 4012: 3917: 3727: 3357: 2515: 2247: 1881:

The Legacy of Soviet Dissent: Dissidents, Democratisation and Radical Nationalism in Russia

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We Shall Overcome: Historic Places of the Civil Rights Movement, a National Park Service

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The movement was particularly strong at the college level, where activists formed MEChA,

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Noted strategies employed prior to 1955 included litigation and lobbying attempts by the

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Feminism and the Third Republic: Women's Political and Civil Rights in France, 1918–1940

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Sisters in the Struggle: African American Women in the Civil Rights-Black Power Movement

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Constituting Human Rights: Global Civil Society and the Society of Democratic States

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Today, most Black Power advocates have not changed their self-sufficiency argument.

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of the education and health care systems, which were both heavily controlled by the

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The Helsinki effect: international norms, human rights, and the demise of communism

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The Three Pillars of Liberty: Political Rights and Freedoms in the United Kingdom

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Black and Green: The Fight for Civil Rights in Northern Ireland and Black America

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Black and Green: The Fight for Civil Rights in Northern Ireland and Black America

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Courthouse in 1973, though police routed the occupation after a riot took place.

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starting on January 5, 1968, and running until August 20 of that year, when the

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The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and United Kingdom Law

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Citizenship Rights and Social Movements: A Comparative and Statistical Analysis

1857: 1766: 1493:, did not represent a complete overthrow of the old regime, as was the case in 1406: 1386: 1278: 1159: 1146: 1104: 1084: 1080: 1062: 919: 828: 802: 714: 663:(1955–1956) in Alabama which gave the movement one of its more famous icons in 502: 428: 406: 327: 310: 280: 215: 157:, that peaked in the 1960s. In many situations they have been characterized by 478:

on signs and restricting the eligibility of students to be taught in English.

375:, which disbanded the crowds of Catholics who were barricaded in the Bogside. 6980: 6656: 6303: 6268: 6180: 6140: 5717: 5647: 5402: 5160: 5136: 5128: 5096: 4580: 4510: 4358: 4224: 4047: 3977: 3882: 3732: 3667: 3652: 3642: 3602: 3527: 3517: 3477: 3462: 3352: 3342: 3302: 3252: 3127: 3052: 3022: 2168: 1498: 1445: 1365: 1184: 831:

of their common heritage and dignity. For example, the theorist and activist

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Civil rights activists all over Northern Ireland soon launched a campaign of

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in the West, an increasing sexual openness, women's liberation, the 1960s

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and other disadvantaged groups between 1954 and 1968, particularly in the

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From Civil Rights to Armalites: Derry and the Birth of the Irish Troubles

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in 1896 –, legally mandated by southern governments—voter suppression or

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The social and economic changes of the Quiet Revolution gave life to the

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have characterized gender variant and homosexually oriented people as a

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Marching on Washington: The Forging of an American Political Tradition.

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Tamed Frontiers: Economy, Society, and Civil Rights in Upper Amazonia

2051:

Freedom in the World: Political Rights and Civil Liberties, 1986–1987

1497:. Dubček's changes had broad support from the society, including the 1250: 1200: 1188: 997: 864: 490: 6941: 2118:

A Columbia University Resource for Teaching African American History

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consciously took its name from the "National Liberation Fronts" of

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In 1973 activists and military forces confronted each other in the

863:. Black Power's advocates generally argue that the reason for this 583: 467: 283:

of district boundaries, which limited the effect of Catholic voting

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elections and other reforms began echoing throughout the country.

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in Quebec, and arrested the kidnappers by the end of the year.

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Voting rights of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

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The Civil Rights Movement: A Photographic History (1954–1968)

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that banned discrimination in the sale or rental of housing.

411:

The 1960s brought intense political and social change to the

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countered this with a defensive campaign of violence and the

301:. There was opposition from Loyalists, who were aided by the 1370: 1327:

Initiative Group for the Defense of Human Rights in the USSR

1110:

The words "Gay Liberation" echoed "Women's Liberation"; the

2044:

Competing Equalities: Law and the Backward Classes in India

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forcible removal of Aboriginal children from their families

505:, whom they later killed. The then Canadian Prime Minister 1195:

heterosexual/homosexual. Lesbians and gays were urged to "

632:

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

6085: 6029:

Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library, Washington, D.C.

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in the southern states, and private acts of violence and

218:

which has witnessed violence over many decades, known as

200: 5660: 4364:

Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam

4142:"Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)" 2174: 2147:

Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Global Freedom Struggle

16:

Worldwide social and political movements against racism

5892:

African American founding fathers of the United States

4388:

African American founding fathers of the United States

2741:

Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement

2606:

John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights

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of the 1940s, 1950s and early 1960s. With the rise of

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and others. Advocates of Black Power argued for black

6894: 2213: 2020:

Human Rights in the New Europe: Problems and Progress

655:

protests and/or civil disobedience employed included

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Estate of Martin Luther King, Jr., Inc. v. CBS, Inc.

1691: 1689: 1540:

Movement for civil rights for Indigenous Australians

1448:

wanted Czechoslovakia, and signed an agreement with

4436:

Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument

1930:"Lack of Treaty: Getting to the Heart of the Issue" 1281:) and an associated crackdown on dissidents by the 811:(1966–75) began to gradually eclipse the original " 51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2068:Abbeville Publishing Group (Abbeville Press, Inc.) 1432:. Since 1948 there were no parties other than the 671:", as demonstrated by two influential events, the 6804:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 1855: 1808:(Berkeley: U of California Press, 2002), 141–178. 1686: 1130:Power. The GLF's statement of purpose explained: 1056: 6978: 2972:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) 2049:Raymond D. Gastil and Leonard R. Sussman, eds.; 1879:Horvath, Robert (2005). "The rights-defenders". 1858:"Истоки и корни диссидентской активности в СССР" 1036:Feminist movement in the United States (1963–82) 988:In 1970, AIM occupied abandoned property at the 775:that restored voting rights, and passage of the 713:in August, 1963. It is best remembered for the " 5845:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) 2962:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) 2895:Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights 2786:Green v. County School Board of New Kent County 2080:Fernando Santos-Granero and Frederica Barclay; 1964: 1897: 521:Movements for civil rights in the United States 5998:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, San Francisco 5323:King: A Filmed Record... Montgomery to Memphis 4441:Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument 1922: 1908:. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. 1872: 6101: 5269:Martin Luther King Jr. Records Collection Act 5263:U.S. House Select Committee on Assassinations 4807:Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community? 4635: 4349:List of lynching victims in the United States 2687:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States 2199: 1849: 1781:"Everybody's Luncheonette Camden, New Jersey" 625:1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom 222:, arising from tensions between the British ( 7002:History of civil rights in the United States 6034:Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Library, San Jose 1943: 396: 276:an end to discrimination in local government 5584:Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story 4663:Speeches, writings, movements, and protests 2816:Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights 2073:Francesca Klug, Keir Starmer, Stuart Weir; 1708:Dooley, Brian. "Second Class citizens", in 1695:Dooley, Brian. 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Special groups were founded such as the 1018: 763:case that nullified the legal article of " 562: 385:were shot and killed by soldiers from the 6774:Interminority racism in the United States 5353:The Witness: From the Balcony of Room 306 4421:Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument 1550:Australian referendum, 1967 (Aboriginals) 1229:Human rights movement in the Soviet Union 679:in Nashville, Tennessee; the influential 509:, himself a French Canadian, invoked the 257:Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association 161:, or have taken the form of campaigns of 111:Learn how and when to remove this message 6066:Civil rights movement in popular culture 5872:King Center for Nonviolent Social Change 5794:Civil rights movement in popular culture 4863:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom 4456:King Center for Nonviolent Social Change 2496:University of Georgia desegregation riot 1536:, along with several of his colleagues. 1369: 1087:(s); this was the approach taken by the 953:Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlán 711:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom 693: 619: 266:NICRA originally had five main demands: 122: 4711:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence 4370:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence 4107:"If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus" 4102:"Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round" 1878: 1191:; some saw 'gay' as a rejection of the 1029: 782: 705:Besides the Children's Crusade and the 489:(FLQ), which since 1963 has been using 419:, with the election of Liberal Premier 6979: 6846:Sociology of race and ethnic relations 4284:African-American women in the movement 2736:White House Conference on Civil Rights 2567:"Segregation now, segregation forever" 2164:Civil Rights: Beyond Black & White 2010:International Handbook of Human Rights 1972:"Indigenous disadvantage in Australia" 1951:"Timeline: Indigenous Rights Movement" 1903: 1578:in some states until as late as 1965 ( 1079:. Largely, but not exclusively, these 435:, whose support for Duplessis and his 226:, Protestant) majority and the Irish ( 207:Northern Ireland civil rights movement 201:Northern Ireland civil rights movement 6089: 5833: 5302: 5223: 4944: 4661: 4623: 2725:Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections 2187: 1650:Timeline of the civil rights movement 1331:Committee on Human Rights in the USSR 1233:In the 1960s, the early years of the 1044:focused upon absolute rights such as 539:Timeline of the civil rights movement 6869: 4493:St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument 2957:Regional Council of Negro Leadership 2905:Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party 2851:Committee on Appeal for Human Rights 2328:Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company 2253:Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore 2046:University of California Press, 1984 1699:. (London:Pluto Press, 1998), 28–48. 1285:, coverage of arrests and trials in 1099:, the AIDS epidemic, and a range of 757:include the judicial victory in the 49:adding citations to reliable sources 20: 6259:Discrimination based on nationality 6044:Memorials to Martin Luther King Jr. 2900:Lowndes County Freedom Organization 2836:Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters 2506:Robert F. Kennedy's Law Day Address 2139:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2008:Jack Donnelly and Rhoda E. Howard; 1712:. (London:Pluto Press, 1998), 28–48 1574:peoples. 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There were three main aspects: 165:aimed at achieving change through 134:leaders in front of the statue of 14: 7023: 5498:Alpha Man: The Brotherhood of MLK 5224: 4416:Birmingham Civil Rights Institute 4289:Jews in the civil rights movement 2102: 1733:, Oxford University Press, 2009, 910:The early heroes of the movement— 675:(1960) in North Carolina and the 567: 535:Civil rights movement (1954–1968) 531:Civil rights movement (1896–1954) 527:Civil rights movement (1865–1896) 307:Provisional Irish Republican Army 6964: 6952: 6940: 6928: 6916: 6904: 6878: 6868: 6859: 6858: 5811:King v. Trustees of Boston Univ. 5690:"By the Time I Get to Arizona" ( 4759:Second Emancipation Proclamation 4610:Civil rights movement portal 4603: 4451:Freedom Riders National Monument 4193:The Kingdom of God Is Within You 2705:1965 Selma to Montgomery marches 2664:1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests 2551:Second Emancipation Proclamation 2025:Joe Foweraker and Todd Landman; 1444:Towards the end of World War II 1374:Prague Spring memorial plate in 1359: 880:1968 Olympics Black Power salute 588:nadir of American race relations 501:and Quebec's Minister of Labour 462:was created in 1968 and won the 25: 7007:United States history timelines 6987:Liberalism in the United States 6879: 5943:Safe House Black History Museum 5862:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial 4478:Mississippi Civil Rights Museum 4466:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial 2942:National Council of Negro Women 2880:Deacons for Defense and Justice 2111:Discover Our Shared Heritage at 2056:David Harris and Sarah Joseph; 1824: 1222: 1217:Gay and Lesbian Rights Movement 1000:. When activists took over the 177:The main aim of the successful 36:needs additional citations for 6764:Go back to where you came from 5917:U.S. Capitol Rotunda sculpture 4895:Mississippi March Against Fear 2358:Mansfield school desegregation 1811: 1798: 1773: 1759: 1746: 1715: 1702: 1662: 1239:dissidents in the Soviet Union 1071:Since the mid-19th century in 1057:LGBT rights and gay liberation 1040:If the period associated with 332:European Court of Human Rights 326:against the government of the 167:nonviolent forms of resistance 1: 5618:March! For Martin Luther King 4839:Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom 4488:National Voting Rights Museum 4431:Civil Rights Movement Archive 4230:Lynching in the United States 4117:"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize" 2572:Stand in the Schoolhouse Door 2545:University of Chicago sit-ins 2312:Davis v. Prince Edward County 1767:"Web Page Under Construction" 827:inherent in integration robs 807:By 1967 the emergence of the 487:Front de libération du Québec 5882:National Civil Rights Museum 5877:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church 4720:I've Been to the Mountaintop 4483:National Civil Rights Museum 4339:March on Washington Movement 4324:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church 2793:Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. 2175:Civil Rights Digital Library 1670:"Background to the Conflict" 1622:; infant mortality; health; 1528:were killed (19 of those in 1464:, despite the fact that the 464:1976 Quebec general election 7: 6019:sculpture, Portland, Oregon 6009:Landmark for Peace Memorial 5734:"Symphony of Brotherhood" ( 5657:Pride (In the Name of Love) 4879:Selma to Montgomery marches 4778:Letter from Birmingham Jail 4127:"This Little Light of Mine" 2875:Dallas County Voters League 2821:Atlanta Negro Voters League 2584:Letter from Birmingham Jail 2291:Brown v. Board of Education 1633: 1490:Socialism with a human face 1292:Chronicle of Current Events 1175:. In order to achieve such 925:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 760:Brown v. Board of Education 707:Selma to Montgomery marches 685:Selma to Montgomery marches 596:United States Supreme Court 456:Quebec sovereignty movement 317:responded with a policy of 250:Campaign for Social Justice 10: 7028: 7012:1960s in the United States 6992:Movements for civil rights 6115: 5907:Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity 5850:Martin Luther King Jr. Day 5631:Martin Luther King's Dream 4945: 4461:Martin Luther King Jr. Day 4329:Holt Street Baptist Church 4299:16th Street Baptist Church 3283:Annie Bell Robinson Devine 2927:Nashville Student Movement 2857:An Appeal for Human Rights 2179:Digital Library of Georgia 2003:Cambridge University Press 1904:Thomas, Daniel C. (2001). 1856:Daniel, Alexander (2002). 1832:"Civil Rights Act of 1964" 1640:Civil and political rights 1543: 1460:would be liberated by the 1363: 1226: 1060: 1033: 1022: 963: 895: 889: 792: 786: 753:Noted achievements of the 582:After 1890, the system of 571: 524: 449:Régie des Rentes du Québec 400: 204: 149:are a worldwide series of 6854: 6731: 6564: 6332: 6234: 6123: 6060:America in the King Years 5840: 5829: 5785: 5595: 5574: 5523: 5414: 5313: 5309: 5303: 5298: 5232: 5219: 5054: 4955: 4951: 4940: 4914:Memphis sanitation strike 4818: 4730: 4672: 4668: 4657: 4599: 4501: 4403: 4217: 4150: 4092: 4071: 3958:Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson 3928:Modjeska Monteith Simkins 3000: 2992:Women's Political Council 2987:Wednesdays in Mississippi 2982:United Auto Workers (UAW) 2967:Southern Regional Council 2937:Northern Student Movement 2846:Committee for Freedom Now 2806: 2753:Memphis sanitation strike 2719:Voting Rights Act of 1965 2641: 2462:Savannah Protest Movement 2424: 2282: 2243:Journey of Reconciliation 2235: 2222: 1588:native title in Australia 1354:Lithuanian Helsinki Group 773:Voting Rights Act of 1965 642:, sometimes resulting in 485:nationalism produced the 397:Canada's Quiet Revolution 359:attack by youth from the 303:Royal Ulster Constabulary 5867:National Historical Park 5605:Abraham, Martin and John 5083:(strategist / colleague) 4887:Chicago Freedom Movement 2826:Atlanta Student Movement 2775:Civil Rights Act of 1968 2700:1964–1965 Scripto strike 2681:Civil Rights Act of 1964 2579:1963 Birmingham campaign 2472:Civil Rights Act of 1960 2396:Civil Rights Act of 1957 1655: 1600:Freedom Ride (Australia) 1546:Freedom Ride (Australia) 1350:Ukrainian Helsinki Group 1140:GLF statement of purpose 1002:Bureau of Indian Affairs 976:American Indian Movement 970:At a time when peaceful 966:American Indian Movement 960:American Indian Movement 947:in Los Angeles in 1970. 823:, and asserted that the 777:Civil Rights Act of 1968 336:interrogation techniques 60:"Civil rights movements" 6794:Psychometrics of racism 6244:Anti-miscegenation laws 6049:King County, Washington 5902:FBI–King suicide letter 4378:Voter Education Project 4132:"We Shall Not Be Moved" 3793:Adam Clayton Powell Jr. 3228:Josephine Dobbs Clement 2654:Chester school protests 2649:Twenty-fourth Amendment 2611:Detroit Walk to Freedom 2353:Tallahassee bus boycott 2274:Baton Rouge bus boycott 2153:"CivilRightsTravel.com" 2030:Oxford University Press 1862:Неприкосновенный запас 1604:Aboriginal Tent Embassy 1421:) invaded the country. 1306:and being subjected to 1025:Asian American movement 1019:Asian American movement 613:states became known as 563:Ethnicity equity issues 286:the disbandment of the 155:equality before the law 147:Civil rights movements 6759:Ethnic plastic surgery 6254:Biological determinism 5912:Season for Nonviolence 5725:"Never Alone Martin" ( 5447:"Great X-Pectations" ( 5383:King in the Wilderness 5004:Martin Luther King Sr. 4980:Martin Luther King III 4922:Poor People's Campaign 4871:St. Augustine movement 4831:Montgomery bus boycott 4651:Martin Luther King Jr. 4591:Movement photographers 3833:Bernice Johnson Reagon 3553:Martin Luther King Sr. 3548:Martin Luther King Jr. 3118:William Holmes Borders 2890:Highlander Folk School 2780:Poor People's Campaign 2633:St. Augustine movement 2483:Gomillion v. Lightfoot 2406:Katz Drug Store sit-in 2377:Royal Ice Cream sit-in 2339:Montgomery bus boycott 1752:O'Dochartaigh, Niall. 1572:Torres Strait Islander 1382: 1165: 1143: 817:Martin Luther King Jr. 736:Martin Luther King Jr. 719:Martin Luther King Jr. 702: 689:1965 Voting Rights Act 661:Montgomery bus boycott 650:. Some of the acts of 627: 553:southern United States 507:Pierre Elliott Trudeau 143: 128:Martin Luther King Jr. 6997:Civil rights movement 6679:In Jewish communities 6657:Hispanic & Latino 5020:Christine King Farris 5012:Alberta Williams King 4797:Conscience for Change 4740:Stride Toward Freedom 4426:Civil Rights Memorial 4314:Bethel Baptist Church 3963:Charles Kenzie Steele 3408:Audrey Faye Hendricks 3313:Myrlie Evers-Williams 3293:Patricia Stephens Due 3263:Abraham Lincoln Davis 3198:Colia Lafayette Clark 2952:Operation Breadbasket 2947:National Urban League 2694:Katzenbach v. McClung 2562:Atlanta's Berlin Wall 2215:Civil rights movement 2091:Clarendon Press, 1996 2060:Clarendon Press, 1995 2053:Greenwood Press, 1987 1998:and Martin H. Geyer; 1592:Cultural assimilation 1568:Aboriginal Australian 1454:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1373: 1346:Moscow Helsinki Group 1342:Helsinki Watch Groups 1273:trial, the trials of 1247:freedom of conscience 1243:freedom of expression 1181:consciousness raising 1151: 1132: 1067:LGBT social movements 1013:Wounded Knee incident 769:1964 Civil Rights Act 755:Civil Rights Movement 697: 644:nonviolent resistance 623: 545:racial discrimination 433:Roman Catholic Church 356:Battle of the Bogside 248:In January 1964, the 245:in Northern Ireland. 179:civil rights movement 132:civil rights movement 126: 6769:Herrenvolk democracy 6071:Lee–Jackson–King Day 6024:Kennedy–King College 5483:"Return of the King" 4471:other King memorials 4446:Freedom Rides Museum 4383:1960s counterculture 4334:Edmund Pettus Bridge 4013:Walter Francis White 3918:Alexander D. Shimkin 2432:New Year's Day March 2401:Ministers' Manifesto 2248:Executive Order 9981 2098:Westview Press, 2000 2084:Westview Press, 2000 1513:200,000 to 600,000. 1257:, and the plight of 1112:Gay Liberation Front 1101:new social movements 1050:second-wave feminism 1030:Gender equity issues 809:Black Power movement 789:Black Power movement 783:Black Power movement 610:mass racial violence 481:A radical strand of 437:perceived corruption 232:Partition of Ireland 183:rights of minorities 45:improve this article 6789:Perpetual foreigner 5936:Hope Moving Forward 5701:Shed a Little Light 5464:New York Undercover 5459:"The Promised Land" 5286:Conspiracy theories 5067:(mentor, colleague) 4855:Birmingham campaign 4209:Mary McLeod Bethune 4170:Sermon on the Mount 4137:"We Shall Overcome" 3718:William Lewis Moore 3498:Frank Minis Johnson 3473:Richie Jean Jackson 3428:Donald L. Hollowell 3233:Charles E. Cobb Jr. 3038:Gwendolyn Armstrong 3033:William G. Anderson 3013:Victoria Gray Adams 2977:The Freedom Singers 2831:Black Panther Party 2616:March on Washington 2529:Garner v. Louisiana 2490:Boynton v. Virginia 2018:David P. Forsythe; 1674:www.irelandseye.com 1562:Racism in Australia 1417:allies (except for 1385:The Prague Spring ( 1336:The signing of the 1308:punitive psychiatry 1259:political prisoners 1255:punitive psychiatry 1251:freedom to emigrate 1235:Brezhnev stagnation 1042:first-wave feminism 898:Chicano nationalism 795:Black Panther Party 423:after the death of 324:Republic of Ireland 159:nonviolent protests 151:political movements 140:March on Washington 6819:Racial integration 6799:Race and sexuality 6604:Japanese Americans 6324:Racial segregation 6314:Racial nationalism 5930:sculpture, Atlanta 5714:Up to the Mountain 5501:(2011 documentary) 5474:Selma, Lord, Selma 5396:(2020 documentary) 5386:(2018 documentary) 5356:(2008 documentary) 5333:Our Friend, Martin 5326:(1970 documentary) 5169:Fred Shuttlesworth 4964:Coretta Scott King 4702:How Long, Not Long 4684:Give Us the Ballot 4526:Michael Eric Dyson 4411:In popular culture 4294:Fifth Circuit Four 4278:Loving v. Virginia 4271:Hernandez v. Texas 4250:Buchanan v. Warley 4242:Separate but equal 4236:Plessy v. Ferguson 4199:Frederick Douglass 4033:Robert F. Williams 3943:Kelly Miller Smith 3923:Fred Shuttlesworth 3848:Frederick D. Reese 3828:George Raymond Jr. 3818:A. Philip Randolph 3798:Fay Bellamy Powell 3713:Queen Mother Moore 3598:Z. Alexander Looby 3543:Coretta Scott King 3488:Barbara Rose Johns 3468:Jimmie Lee Jackson 3393:William E. Harbour 3173:Stokely Carmichael 3088:Randolph Blackwell 2758:King assassination 2747:Loving v. Virginia 2731:March Against Fear 2711:How Long, Not Long 2589:Children's Crusade 2540:Cambridge movement 2477:Ax Handle Saturday 2442:Greensboro sit-ins 2369:Give Us the Ballot 2094:Jorge M. Valadez; 1727:Timothy Garton Ash 1608:2004 Redfern riots 1518:counter-revolution 1466:United States Army 1383: 1323:Lyudmila Alexeyeva 1275:Alexander Ginzburg 1210:lesbian separatism 1089:homophile movement 945:Chicano Moratorium 821:self-determination 765:separate but equal 728:A. Philip Randolph 703: 648:civil disobedience 628: 601:Plessy v. Ferguson 592:racial segregation 574:Racial integration 557:Reconstruction Era 470:meant to enshrine 387:Parachute Regiment 315:British government 144: 6911:Freedom of speech 6892: 6891: 6640:African Americans 6587:Chinese Americans 6284:Ethnic stereotype 6083: 6082: 6079: 6078: 6054:Eponymous streets 5897:Authorship issues 5825: 5824: 5821: 5820: 5587:(1957 comic book) 5450:A Different World 5427:(1978 miniseries) 5294: 5293: 5215: 5214: 5211: 5210: 5105:Bernard Lafayette 5036:James Albert King 4936: 4935: 4932: 4931: 4787:Why We Can't Wait 4617: 4616: 4394:Eyes on the Prize 4309:A.G. Gaston Motel 4304:Kelly Ingram Park 4264:Sweatt v. Painter 3948:Mary Louise Smith 3908:Cleveland Sellers 3893:Michael Schwerner 3858:Gloria Richardson 3638:Thurgood Marshall 3558:Bernard Lafayette 3288:John Wesley Dobbs 2802: 2801: 2521:Birmingham attack 2501:Rock Hill sit-ins 2452:Sibley Commission 2447:Nashville sit-ins 2319:Gebhart v. Belton 2305:Briggs v. Elliott 2298:Bolling v. Sharpe 2259:Sweatt v. Painter 1739:978-0-19-955201-6 1450:Winston Churchill 1212:began to emerge. 990:Naval Air Station 799:Black nationalism 677:Nashville sit-ins 673:Greensboro sit-in 549:African Americans 425:Maurice Duplessis 413:Canadian province 270:one man, one vote 214:is a part of the 191:disability rights 142:, August 28, 1963 121: 120: 113: 95: 7019: 6969: 6968: 6967: 6957: 6956: 6945: 6944: 6933: 6932: 6921: 6920: 6919: 6909: 6908: 6907: 6900: 6882: 6881: 6872: 6871: 6862: 6861: 6716:Racial supremacy 6674:Jewish Americans 6652:Native Americans 6621:Zainichi Koreans 6609:Japanese Koreans 6592:Zainichi Chinese 6565:Racism by target 6342:Global apartheid 6334:Racism by region 6319:Racial profiling 6309:Racial hierarchy 6110: 6103: 6096: 6087: 6086: 5991:Pueblo, Colorado 5922:Oval Office bust 5831: 5830: 5814: 5805: 5796: 5778: 5766: 5749: 5739: 5730: 5721: 5708: 5695: 5686: 5673: 5664: 5651: 5638: 5625: 5612: 5588: 5567: 5557: 5547: 5537: 5516: 5502: 5492: 5478: 5468: 5454: 5443: 5428: 5407: 5397: 5387: 5377: 5367: 5357: 5347: 5337: 5327: 5311: 5310: 5300: 5299: 5221: 5220: 5204: 5196: 5188: 5180: 5172: 5164: 5156: 5148: 5140: 5132: 5124: 5116: 5108: 5100: 5092: 5084: 5076: 5068: 5047: 5039: 5031: 5023: 5015: 5007: 4999: 4991: 4983: 4975: 4967: 4953: 4952: 4942: 4941: 4925: 4917: 4909: 4898: 4890: 4882: 4874: 4866: 4858: 4850: 4842: 4834: 4811: 4801: 4791: 4781: 4772: 4768:Strength to Love 4762: 4753: 4744: 4723: 4714: 4705: 4696: 4687: 4670: 4669: 4659: 4658: 4644: 4637: 4630: 4621: 4620: 4608: 4607: 4571:Charles M. Payne 4556:Steven F. Lawson 4546:David Halberstam 4516:Clayborne Carson 4257:Hocutt v. Wilson 4204:W. E. B. Du Bois 4053:Sammy Younge Jr. 4038:Q. V. Williamson 4003:Wyatt Tee Walker 3868:Bernice Robinson 3813:Lincoln Ragsdale 3803:Rodney N. Powell 3698:Douglas E. Moore 3573:Sanford R. Leigh 3508:J. Charles Jones 3383:Fannie Lou Hamer 3298:Joseph Ellwanger 3258:Jonathan Daniels 3248:Claudette Colvin 3238:Annie Lee Cooper 3223:Kathleen Cleaver 3218:Eldridge Cleaver 3193:Shirley Chisholm 3083:Gloria Blackwell 2674:workers' murders 2621:"I Have a Dream" 2516:Anniston bombing 2467:Greenville Eight 2382:Little Rock Nine 2345:Browder v. Gayle 2233: 2232: 2208: 2201: 2194: 2185: 2184: 2143: 2134:Zalta, Edward N. 2128:Altman, Andrew. 2113:Travel Itinerary 1983: 1982: 1980: 1978: 1968: 1962: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1947: 1941: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1926: 1920: 1919: 1901: 1895: 1894: 1876: 1870: 1869: 1853: 1847: 1846: 1844: 1843: 1834:. Archived from 1828: 1822: 1815: 1809: 1802: 1796: 1795: 1793: 1792: 1783:. Archived from 1777: 1771: 1770: 1763: 1757: 1750: 1744: 1719: 1713: 1706: 1700: 1693: 1684: 1683: 1681: 1680: 1666: 1645:Protests of 1968 1612:Palm Island riot 1485:Alexander Dubček 1478:Munich Agreement 1470:George S. Patton 1338:Helsinki Accords 1271:Sinyavsky-Daniel 1263:Andrei Sakhrarov 1163: 1141: 943:in 1968 and the 941:East Los Angeles 912:Rodolfo Gonzales 892:Chicano Movement 886:Chicano Movement 813:integrated power 606:disfranchisement 594:– upheld by the 511:War Measures Act 403:Quiet Revolution 299:civil resistance 261:civil resistance 212:Northern Ireland 163:civil resistance 116: 109: 105: 102: 96: 94: 53: 29: 21: 7027: 7026: 7022: 7021: 7020: 7018: 7017: 7016: 6977: 6976: 6975: 6965: 6963: 6951: 6939: 6927: 6917: 6915: 6905: 6903: 6895: 6893: 6888: 6850: 6829:Racism in sport 6727: 6721:White supremacy 6560: 6328: 6264:Ethnic conflict 6236: 6230: 6124:Types of racism 6119: 6114: 6084: 6075: 5938:statue, Atlanta 5836: 5817: 5808: 5799: 5792: 5781: 5769: 5752: 5742: 5733: 5724: 5711: 5698: 5689: 5676: 5667: 5654: 5641: 5628: 5615: 5602: 5591: 5581: 5570: 5560: 5550: 5543:The Mountaintop 5540: 5530: 5519: 5505: 5495: 5481: 5471: 5457: 5446: 5434:The First Store 5431: 5421: 5410: 5400: 5390: 5380: 5370: 5360: 5350: 5340: 5336:(1999 animated) 5330: 5320: 5305: 5290: 5228: 5207: 5199: 5191: 5183: 5175: 5167: 5159: 5151: 5143: 5135: 5127: 5119: 5111: 5103: 5095: 5087: 5079: 5071: 5065:Ralph Abernathy 5063: 5056: 5050: 5042: 5034: 5026: 5018: 5010: 5002: 4994: 4986: 4978: 4970: 4962: 4947: 4928: 4920: 4912: 4901: 4893: 4885: 4877: 4869: 4861: 4853: 4847:Albany Movement 4845: 4837: 4829: 4821: 4814: 4804: 4794: 4784: 4775: 4765: 4756: 4747: 4737: 4726: 4717: 4708: 4699: 4690: 4681: 4664: 4653: 4648: 4618: 4613: 4602: 4595: 4576:Thomas E. Ricks 4566:Diane McWhorter 4551:Vincent Harding 4536:Adam Fairclough 4503: 4497: 4399: 4354:Freedom Schools 4213: 4146: 4094: 4088: 4079:Omaha, Nebraska 4067: 3983:Hartman Turnbow 3973:Dorothy Tillman 3933:Glenn E. Smiley 3913:Charles Sherrod 3873:Jo Ann Robinson 3748:Charles Neblett 3738:Elijah Muhammad 3703:Harriette Moore 3663:Floyd McKissick 3648:Franklin McCain 3583:Stanley Levison 3448:T. R. M. Howard 3398:Vincent Harding 3328:Walter Fauntroy 3213:Xernona Clayton 3163:John H. Calhoun 3148:Aurelia Browder 3138:Stanley Branche 3133:Raylawni Branch 3113:Joseph E. Boone 3098:Ezell Blair Jr. 3093:Unita Blackwell 3068:Harry Belafonte 3008:Ralph Abernathy 2996: 2932:Nation of Islam 2808: 2798: 2637: 2594:Birmingham riot 2535:Albany Movement 2457:Atlanta sit-ins 2437:Sit-in movement 2420: 2416:Biloxi wade-ins 2388:Cooper v. Aaron 2278: 2224: 2218: 2212: 2166:– slideshow by 2105: 2087:Paul N. Smith; 2077:Routledge, 1996 2063:Steven Kasher; 2042:Marc Galanter; 2039:Routledge, 2002 2013:Greenwood Press 1992: 1990:Further reading 1987: 1986: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1969: 1965: 1955: 1953: 1949: 1948: 1944: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1927: 1923: 1916: 1902: 1898: 1891: 1877: 1873: 1854: 1850: 1841: 1839: 1830: 1829: 1825: 1816: 1812: 1803: 1799: 1790: 1788: 1779: 1778: 1774: 1765: 1764: 1760: 1751: 1747: 1720: 1716: 1707: 1703: 1694: 1687: 1678: 1676: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1658: 1636: 1628:Closing the Gap 1620:life expectancy 1564: 1544:Main articles: 1542: 1495:Hungary in 1956 1434:Communist Party 1368: 1362: 1329:(1969) and the 1315:Valery Chalidze 1231: 1225: 1205:Lavender Menace 1193:false dichotomy 1164: 1158:"Gay is Good", 1157: 1142: 1139: 1077:gender variance 1069: 1061:Main articles: 1059: 1038: 1032: 1027: 1021: 983:Alcatraz Island 968: 962: 904: 894: 888: 833:Omali Yeshitela 805: 791: 785: 580: 570: 565: 541: 525:Main articles: 523: 483:French Canadian 466:. They enacted 460:Parti Québécois 441:nationalization 409: 401:Main articles: 399: 334:ruled that the 209: 203: 136:Abraham Lincoln 117: 106: 100: 97: 54: 52: 42: 30: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7025: 7015: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6974: 6973: 6961: 6949: 6937: 6925: 6913: 6890: 6889: 6887: 6886: 6876: 6866: 6855: 6852: 6851: 6849: 6848: 6843: 6841:Reverse racism 6838: 6837: 6836: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6814:Racial figleaf 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6735: 6733: 6732:Related topics 6729: 6728: 6726: 6725: 6724: 6723: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6691:Middle Eastern 6688: 6683: 6682: 6681: 6676: 6666: 6665: 6664: 6654: 6649: 6648: 6647: 6642: 6632: 6631: 6630: 6625: 6624: 6623: 6613: 6612: 6611: 6606: 6596: 6595: 6594: 6589: 6574: 6568: 6566: 6562: 6561: 6559: 6558: 6557: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6536: 6535: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6514: 6513: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6487: 6486: 6485: 6483:United Kingdom 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6425: 6420: 6419: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6398: 6397: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6361: 6360: 6359: 6354: 6344: 6338: 6336: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6240: 6238: 6235:Manifestations 6232: 6231: 6229: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6127: 6125: 6121: 6120: 6113: 6112: 6105: 6098: 6090: 6081: 6080: 6077: 6076: 6074: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6013: 6011:, Indianapolis 6005: 6000: 5995: 5994: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5945: 5940: 5932: 5928:Homage to King 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5858: 5857: 5847: 5841: 5838: 5837: 5835:Related topics 5827: 5826: 5823: 5822: 5819: 5818: 5816: 5815: 5806: 5797: 5789: 5787: 5783: 5782: 5780: 5779: 5767: 5750: 5740: 5731: 5722: 5709: 5696: 5687: 5674: 5665: 5652: 5644:Happy Birthday 5639: 5626: 5613: 5599: 5597: 5593: 5592: 5590: 5589: 5578: 5576: 5572: 5571: 5569: 5568: 5558: 5548: 5538: 5527: 5525: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5517: 5503: 5493: 5479: 5469: 5455: 5444: 5439:The Jeffersons 5429: 5418: 5416: 5412: 5411: 5409: 5408: 5398: 5388: 5378: 5368: 5358: 5348: 5338: 5328: 5317: 5315: 5307: 5306: 5296: 5295: 5292: 5291: 5289: 5288: 5283: 5282: 5281: 5271: 5266: 5260: 5255: 5253:James Earl Ray 5250: 5245: 5240: 5237:Lorraine Motel 5233: 5230: 5229: 5217: 5216: 5213: 5212: 5209: 5208: 5206: 5205: 5197: 5193:Hosea Williams 5189: 5181: 5173: 5165: 5157: 5149: 5141: 5133: 5125: 5117: 5109: 5101: 5093: 5089:Dorothy Cotton 5085: 5077: 5069: 5060: 5058: 5052: 5051: 5049: 5048: 5040: 5032: 5024: 5016: 5008: 5000: 4992: 4984: 4976: 4968: 4959: 4957: 4949: 4948: 4938: 4937: 4934: 4933: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4926: 4918: 4910: 4899: 4891: 4883: 4875: 4867: 4859: 4851: 4843: 4835: 4826: 4824: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4812: 4802: 4792: 4782: 4773: 4763: 4754: 4745: 4734: 4732: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4724: 4715: 4706: 4697: 4693:I Have a Dream 4688: 4678: 4676: 4666: 4665: 4655: 4654: 4647: 4646: 4639: 4632: 4624: 4615: 4614: 4600: 4597: 4596: 4594: 4593: 4588: 4586:Akinyele Umoja 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4507: 4505: 4499: 4498: 4496: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4474: 4473: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4407: 4405: 4401: 4400: 4398: 4397: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4374: 4373: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4274: 4267: 4260: 4253: 4246: 4245: 4244: 4232: 4227: 4221: 4219: 4215: 4214: 4212: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4189: 4188: 4187: 4182: 4175:Mahatma Gandhi 4172: 4167: 4166: 4165: 4154: 4152: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4098: 4096: 4090: 4089: 4087: 4086: 4084:South Carolina 4081: 4075: 4073: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4023:Hosea Williams 4020: 4015: 4010: 4008:Hollis Watkins 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3938:A. Maceo Smith 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3888:Bernie Sanders 3885: 3880: 3878:Angela Russell 3875: 3870: 3865: 3863:David Richmond 3860: 3855: 3853:Walter Reuther 3850: 3845: 3840: 3838:Cordell Reagon 3835: 3830: 3825: 3823:George Raymond 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3783:Charles Person 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3753:Huey P. Newton 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3708:Harry T. Moore 3705: 3700: 3695: 3693:Cecil B. Moore 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3673:James Meredith 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3503:Clarence Jones 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3443:Zilphia Horton 3440: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3413:Lola Hendricks 3410: 3405: 3403:Dorothy Height 3400: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3373:Lawrence Guyot 3370: 3365: 3363:Jack Greenberg 3360: 3355: 3350: 3348:Andrew Goodman 3345: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3273:Joseph DeLaine 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3243:Dorothy Cotton 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3188:J. L. Chestnut 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3123:Amelia Boynton 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3043:Arnold Aronson 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3004: 3002: 2998: 2997: 2995: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2923: 2922: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2861: 2860: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2812: 2810: 2804: 2803: 2800: 2799: 2797: 2796: 2789: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2771: 2770: 2765: 2755: 2750: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2721: 2716: 2715: 2714: 2702: 2697: 2690: 2683: 2678: 2677: 2676: 2669:Freedom Summer 2666: 2661: 2659:Bloody Tuesday 2656: 2651: 2645: 2643: 2639: 2638: 2636: 2635: 2630: 2629: 2628: 2623: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2602: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2576: 2575: 2574: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2525: 2524: 2523: 2518: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2486: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2428: 2426: 2422: 2421: 2419: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2392: 2391: 2379: 2374: 2373: 2372: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2349: 2348: 2336: 2331: 2324: 2323: 2322: 2315: 2308: 2301: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2279: 2277: 2276: 2271: 2263: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2239: 2237: 2230: 2220: 2219: 2211: 2210: 2203: 2196: 2188: 2182: 2181: 2172: 2161: 2156: 2150: 2144: 2130:"Civil Rights" 2125: 2120: 2115: 2104: 2103:External links 2101: 2100: 2099: 2092: 2085: 2078: 2071: 2061: 2054: 2047: 2040: 2035:Mervyn Frost; 2033: 2023: 2016: 2006: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1984: 1963: 1942: 1921: 1914: 1896: 1889: 1871: 1864:(in Russian). 1848: 1823: 1810: 1797: 1772: 1758: 1745: 1714: 1701: 1685: 1660: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1653: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1635: 1632: 1541: 1538: 1468:under General 1407:Czechoslovakia 1364:Main article: 1361: 1358: 1279:Yuri Galanskov 1227:Main article: 1224: 1221: 1160:Martha Shelley 1155: 1147:Martha Shelley 1137: 1105:Gay Liberation 1097:counterculture 1085:minority group 1081:LGBT movements 1063:Gay Liberation 1058: 1055: 1034:Main article: 1031: 1028: 1023:Main article: 1020: 1017: 964:Main article: 961: 958: 920:Reies Tijerina 890:Main article: 887: 884: 803:pan-Africanism 787:Main article: 784: 781: 715:I Have a Dream 569: 568:Integrationism 566: 564: 561: 522: 519: 503:Pierre Laporte 429:secularization 407:October Crisis 398: 395: 328:United Kingdom 311:paramilitaries 292: 291: 284: 281:gerrymandering 279:an end to the 277: 274: 271: 216:United Kingdom 202: 199: 187:women's rights 119: 118: 33: 31: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7024: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6984: 6982: 6972: 6971:United States 6962: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6924: 6914: 6912: 6902: 6901: 6898: 6885: 6877: 6875: 6867: 6865: 6857: 6856: 6853: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6835: 6832: 6831: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6736: 6734: 6730: 6722: 6719: 6718: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6711:Wine industry 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6671: 6670: 6667: 6663: 6660: 6659: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6637: 6636: 6633: 6629: 6626: 6622: 6619: 6618: 6617: 6614: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6601: 6600: 6597: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6584: 6583: 6580: 6579: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6563: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6541: 6540: 6539:South America 6537: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6527:United States 6525: 6523: 6520: 6519: 6518: 6517:North America 6515: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6492: 6491: 6488: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6430: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 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4381: 4379: 4376: 4371: 4367: 4366: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4359:Freedom songs 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4279: 4275: 4273: 4272: 4268: 4266: 4265: 4261: 4259: 4258: 4254: 4252: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4240: 4239: 4238: 4237: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4225:Jim Crow laws 4223: 4222: 4220: 4216: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4177: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4164: 4161: 4160: 4159: 4156: 4155: 4153: 4149: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4122:"Oh, Freedom" 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4091: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4070: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4048:Whitney Young 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4028:Kale Williams 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3988:Albert Turner 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3978:A. P. Tureaud 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3883:Bayard Rustin 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3733:William Moyer 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3668:Joseph McNeil 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3653:Charles McDew 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3643:Benjamin Mays 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3628:Vivian Malone 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3603:Joseph Lowery 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3528:Clyde Kennard 3526: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3518:Vernon Jordan 3516: 3514: 3513:Matthew Jones 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3478:T. J. Jemison 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3463:Jesse Jackson 3461: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3353:Robert Graetz 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3343:Golden Frinks 3341: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3303:Charles Evers 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3253:Vernon Dahmer 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3208:Septima Clark 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3128:Bruce Boynton 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3053:James Baldwin 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3023:Mathew Ahmann 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3005: 3003: 2999: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2921: 2920:Youth Council 2918: 2917: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2859: 2858: 2854: 2853: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2813: 2811: 2805: 2795: 2794: 2790: 2788: 2787: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2760: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2748: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2726: 2722: 2720: 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1051: 1047: 1043: 1037: 1026: 1016: 1014: 1009: 1007: 1006:Custer County 1003: 999: 995: 991: 986: 984: 979: 977: 973: 967: 957: 955: 954: 948: 946: 942: 936: 932: 930: 926: 921: 917: 913: 908: 903: 899: 893: 883: 881: 877: 873: 868: 866: 862: 858: 854: 849: 844: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 804: 800: 796: 790: 780: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 761: 756: 751: 749: 745: 741: 740:Whitney Young 737: 733: 729: 725: 720: 716: 712: 708: 700: 699:Jesse Jackson 696: 692: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 636:direct action 633: 626: 622: 618: 616: 611: 607: 603: 602: 597: 593: 589: 585: 579: 578:Jim Crow laws 575: 560: 558: 554: 550: 546: 540: 536: 532: 528: 518: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 479: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 452: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 408: 404: 394: 390: 388: 384: 380: 379:Bloody Sunday 376: 374: 370: 366: 362: 357: 353: 348: 345: 339: 337: 333: 329: 325: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 295: 289: 285: 282: 278: 275: 272: 269: 268: 267: 264: 262: 258: 253: 251: 246: 244: 240: 239:Austin Currie 235: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 208: 198: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 175: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 115: 112: 104: 93: 90: 86: 83: 79: 76: 72: 69: 65: 62: – 61: 57: 56:Find sources: 50: 46: 40: 39: 34:This article 32: 28: 23: 22: 19: 6834:in Australia 6824:Racial quota 6468:Soviet Union 6411:Saudi Arabia 6352:South Africa 6279:Ethnic slurs 6274:Ethnic jokes 6176:Internalized 6058: 6016: 6008: 5935: 5927: 5809: 5800: 5773:(Common and 5748:(1995 album) 5743: 5736:Miri Ben-Ari 5705:James Taylor 5692:Public Enemy 5679:King Holiday 5582: 5561: 5551: 5541: 5531: 5512: 5506: 5496: 5486: 5472: 5462: 5448: 5437: 5423: 5401: 5391: 5381: 5372: 5361: 5351: 5342: 5331: 5321: 5258:Jack Kershaw 5201:Andrew Young 5185:Wyatt Walker 5177:C. T. Vivian 5153:James Orange 5113:James Lawson 4996:Bernice King 4972:Yolanda King 4906:War movement 4903:Anti-Vietnam 4822:and protests 4805: 4795: 4785: 4766: 4750:What Is Man? 4738: 4601: 4541:David Garrow 4521:John Dittmer 4392: 4319:Brown Chapel 4276: 4269: 4262: 4255: 4248: 4234: 4191: 4043:Andrew Young 3998:A. T. Walden 3993:C. T. Vivian 3953:Maxine Smith 3788:Homer Plessy 3768:James Orange 3723:Irene Morgan 3678:William Ming 3658:Ralph McGill 3593:Viola Liuzzo 3578:Jim Letherer 3563:James Lawson 3493:Vernon Johns 3483:Esau Jenkins 3438:Myles Horton 3388:Fred Hampton 3378:Prathia Hall 3368:Dick Gregory 3338:Marie Foster 3333:James Forman 3323:James Farmer 3308:Medgar Evers 3268:Angela Davis 3203:Ramsey Clark 3183:James Chaney 3178:Johnnie Carr 3158:Ralph Bunche 3153:H. Rap Brown 3143:Ruby Bridges 3103:Joanne Bland 3078:Claude Black 3058:Marion Barry 3028:Muhammad Ali 2855: 2791: 2784: 2745: 2723: 2692: 2685: 2527: 2488: 2481: 2411:Kissing Case 2386: 2343: 2326: 2317: 2310: 2303: 2296: 2289: 2265: 2257: 2167: 2137: 2110: 2095: 2088: 2081: 2074: 2064: 2057: 2050: 2043: 2036: 2026: 2019: 2009: 1999: 1996:Manfred Berg 1975:. Retrieved 1966: 1954:. Retrieved 1945: 1933:. Retrieved 1924: 1905: 1899: 1880: 1874: 1865: 1861: 1851: 1840:. Retrieved 1836:the original 1826: 1818: 1813: 1805: 1800: 1789:. Retrieved 1785:the original 1775: 1761: 1753: 1748: 1730: 1723:Adam Roberts 1717: 1709: 1704: 1696: 1677:. Retrieved 1673: 1664: 1624:imprisonment 1616: 1565: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1488: 1482: 1443: 1430:Eastern Bloc 1426:World War II 1423: 1411:Soviet Union 1398: 1391:Pražské jaro 1390: 1384: 1352:), Vilnius ( 1335: 1312: 1297: 1290: 1267: 1232: 1223:Soviet Union 1214: 1166: 1152: 1144: 1133: 1109: 1070: 1039: 1010: 987: 980: 969: 951: 949: 937: 933: 909: 905: 902:Brown Berets 872:Tommie Smith 869: 861:ruling class 857:middle class 845: 837:colonialists 825:assimilation 806: 758: 752: 744:James Farmer 717:" speech by 704: 629: 599: 598:decision in 581: 542: 480: 453: 448: 445:Hydro-Québec 410: 391: 377: 373:British Army 349: 340: 296: 293: 265: 254: 247: 236: 220:the Troubles 210: 176: 171:civil unrest 146: 145: 107: 98: 88: 81: 74: 67: 55: 43:Please help 38:verification 35: 18: 6749:Anti-racism 6490:Middle East 6384:South Korea 6379:North Korea 6294:Hate speech 6216:Substantive 6196:Neocolonial 5981:Mexico City 5971:Jersey City 5775:John Legend 5727:Jason Upton 5575:Illustrated 5563:All the Way 5533:The Meeting 5406:(2023 film) 5376:(2016 film) 5373:All the Way 5366:(2014 film) 5346:(2001 film) 5274:Loyd Jowers 5203:(colleague) 5195:(colleague) 5187:(colleague) 5179:(colleague) 5171:(colleague) 5155:(colleague) 5147:(colleague) 5131:(colleague) 5123:(colleague) 5115:(colleague) 5107:(colleague) 5091:(colleague) 5081:James Bevel 5075:(colleague) 5044:Alveda King 4988:Dexter King 4873:(1963–1964) 4849:(1961–1962) 4833:(1955–1956) 4561:Doug McAdam 4531:Chuck Fager 4158:Nonviolence 4063:James Zwerg 4058:Bob Zellner 4018:Roy Wilkins 3968:Hank Thomas 3903:Pete Seeger 3898:Bobby Seale 3763:Jack O'Dell 3758:Edgar Nixon 3688:Amzie Moore 3683:Jack Minnis 3623:Mae Mallory 3608:Clara Luper 3568:Bernard Lee 3458:Cecil Ivory 3453:Ruby Hurley 3423:Oliver Hill 3418:Aaron Henry 3318:Chuck Fager 3278:Dave Dennis 3168:Guy Carawan 3108:Julian Bond 3073:James Bevel 3063:Daisy Bates 2334:Emmett Till 2217:(1954–1968) 1584:land rights 1415:Warsaw Pact 1399:Pražská jar 1344:in Moscow ( 1304:labor camps 1124:Black Power 994:Minneapolis 876:John Carlos 732:Roy Wilkins 652:nonviolence 640:nonviolence 559:(1863–77). 515:martial law 513:, declared 499:James Cross 468:legislation 421:Jean Lesage 369:replaced it 344:Gerry Adams 228:Nationalist 195:LGBT rights 138:during the 6981:Categories 6923:Journalism 6628:Vietnamese 6401:Arab world 6299:Hate group 6289:Hate crime 6226:Xenophobia 6206:Scientific 6191:Linguistic 6039:Paris park 5761:featuring 5622:John Fahey 5415:Television 5145:Diane Nash 5121:John Lewis 5073:Ella Baker 5028:A. D. King 4998:(daughter) 4974:(daughter) 4504:historians 4185:Satyagraha 4151:Influences 3843:James Reeb 3778:James Peck 3773:Rosa Parks 3743:Diane Nash 3613:Danny Lyon 3588:John Lewis 3533:A. D. King 3433:James Hood 3048:Ella Baker 3018:Zev Aelony 1915:0691048584 1842:2008-10-02 1791:2009-12-08 1679:2019-07-17 1580:Queensland 1474:propaganda 1319:Yuri Orlov 1177:liberation 1093:secularism 896:See also: 793:See also: 748:John Lewis 665:Rosa Parks 572:See also: 383:internment 365:Free Derry 319:internment 288:B-Specials 205:See also: 130:and other 71:newspapers 6809:Race card 6744:Alt-right 6544:Argentina 6505:Palestine 6423:Australia 6249:Apartheid 6237:of racism 6017:The Dream 5976:Milwaukee 5763:will.i.am 5163:(advisor) 5099:(protégé) 5030:(brother) 4820:Movements 4163:Padayatra 4112:"Kumbaya" 4072:By region 3728:Bob Moses 3633:Bob Mants 3618:Malcolm X 3538:C.B. King 3358:Fred Gray 3001:Activists 2642:1964–1968 2425:1960–1963 2283:1954–1959 2177:from the 1348:), Kiev ( 1201:gay pride 1189:homophile 998:Wisconsin 865:stalemate 491:terrorism 371:with the 243:franchise 234:in 1920. 101:June 2010 6935:Language 6864:Category 6779:Lynching 6754:Casteism 6599:Japanese 6458:Portugal 6389:Thailand 6357:Zimbabwe 6221:Symbolic 6211:Societal 6201:Romantic 6166:Gendered 6146:Cultural 6136:Colorism 6131:Aversive 5139:(mentor) 5022:(sister) 5014:(mother) 5006:(father) 4780:" (1963) 4752:" (1959) 4731:Writings 4722:" (1968) 4713:" (1967) 4704:" (1965) 4695:" (1963) 4686:" (1957) 4674:Speeches 4093:Movement 3523:Tom Kahn 2807:Activist 2227:timeline 1977:13 April 1956:13 April 1935:13 April 1729:(eds.), 1634:See also 1530:Slovakia 1503:Cold War 1462:Red Army 1413:and its 1380:Slovakia 1300:samizdat 1287:samizdat 1197:come out 1171:and the 1156:— 1138:— 1046:suffrage 859:and the 829:Africans 726:", were 657:boycotts 615:Jim Crow 584:Jim Crow 547:against 493:to make 224:Unionist 174:places. 6959:Society 6897:Portals 6874:Commons 6784:Passing 6739:Ableism 6662:Mexican 6582:Chinese 6478:Ukraine 6443:Germany 6433:Denmark 6394:Vietnam 5966:Houston 5951:Atlanta 5887:Big Six 5855:passage 5786:Related 5771:"Glory" 5755:A Dream 5635:Strawbs 5553:I Dream 5515:, 2024) 5491:, 2006) 5467:, 1997) 5453:, 1993) 5442:, 1980) 5393:MLK/FBI 5343:Boycott 5248:Funeral 5057:leaders 5046:(niece) 4218:Related 3808:Al Raby 2763:funeral 2626:Big Six 2136:(ed.). 1582:), and 1526:Slovaks 1439:Hungary 1424:During 1419:Romania 1403:Russian 1149:wrote, 1135:nature. 1128:Chicano 1120:Algeria 1116:Vietnam 1073:Germany 972:sit-ins 855:of the 853:stratum 841:treason 724:Big Six 669:sit-ins 476:English 361:Bogside 85:scholar 6706:Slavic 6701:Romani 6696:Muslim 6669:Jewish 6616:Korean 6577:Asians 6549:Brazil 6532:Mexico 6522:Canada 6510:Turkey 6500:Israel 6463:Russia 6453:Poland 6438:France 6428:Europe 6347:Africa 6181:Patent 6161:Formal 6141:Covert 6117:Racism 5986:Newark 5961:Denver 5956:Boston 5759:Common 5672:" (U2) 5566:(2012) 5556:(2010) 5546:(2009) 5536:(1987) 5508:Genius 5477:(1999) 5403:Rustin 5265:(HSCA) 4966:(wife) 4956:Family 4946:People 4924:(1968) 4916:(1968) 4908:(1967) 4897:(1966) 4889:(1966) 4881:(1965) 4865:(1963) 4857:(1963) 4841:(1957) 4810:(1967) 4800:(1967) 4790:(1964) 4771:(1963) 4743:(1958) 4404:Legacy 4180:Ahimsa 2809:groups 2270:(1950) 2262:(1950) 2223:Events 2070:, 2000 2032:, 1997 2015:, 1987 2005:, 2002 1912: 1887: 1737: 1560:; and 1534:Moscow 1522:Czechs 1458:Prague 1395:Slovak 1376:Košice 1321:, and 1173:family 1169:gender 1162:, 1970 929:Aztlán 916:Denver 848:Racism 801:, and 537:, and 495:Quebec 472:French 417:Quebec 330:, the 87: 80: 73: 66: 58: 6884:Index 6645:Women 6635:Black 6554:Chile 6473:Spain 6448:Italy 6416:Sudan 6406:Libya 6374:Japan 6369:China 6151:Cyber 5596:Music 5524:Plays 5513:MLK/X 5363:Selma 5304:Media 5279:Trial 5243:Riots 5055:Other 4990:(son) 4982:(son) 4502:Noted 4095:songs 2915:NAACP 2768:riots 2132:. In 1868:(21). 1656:Notes 1456:that 1387:Czech 992:near 638:with 352:Derry 92:JSTOR 78:books 6686:LGBT 6572:Arab 6495:Iran 6364:Asia 5609:Dion 5424:King 5314:Film 1979:2018 1958:2018 1937:2018 1910:ISBN 1885:ISBN 1735:ISBN 1725:and 1610:and 1602:and 1570:and 1524:and 1452:and 1277:and 1183:and 1126:and 1118:and 1065:and 981:The 918:and 900:and 874:and 746:and 646:and 576:and 405:and 193:and 153:for 64:news 6947:Law 5757:" ( 5716:" ( 5703:" ( 5681:" ( 5670:MLK 5659:" ( 5646:" ( 5633:" ( 5620:" ( 5607:" ( 5436:" ( 1594:by 1283:KGB 914:in 667:; " 443:of 415:of 47:by 6983:: 5661:U2 1688:^ 1672:. 1614:. 1556:; 1552:; 1548:; 1505:. 1441:. 1401:, 1397:: 1393:, 1389:: 1378:, 1317:, 1310:. 1265:. 1253:, 1249:, 1245:, 1237:, 1219:. 1179:, 1107:. 931:. 882:. 843:. 797:, 742:, 738:, 734:, 730:, 617:. 533:, 529:, 389:. 197:. 189:, 185:, 6899:: 6109:e 6102:t 6095:v 5777:) 5765:) 5753:" 5738:) 5729:) 5720:) 5712:" 5707:) 5699:" 5694:) 5685:) 5677:" 5668:" 5663:) 5655:" 5650:) 5642:" 5637:) 5629:" 5624:) 5616:" 5611:) 5603:" 5511:( 5485:( 5461:( 5432:" 4776:" 4761:" 4757:" 4748:" 4718:" 4709:" 4700:" 4691:" 4682:" 4643:e 4636:t 4629:v 4372:" 4368:" 2713:" 2709:" 2553:" 2549:" 2371:" 2367:" 2229:) 2225:( 2207:e 2200:t 2193:v 2142:. 1981:. 1960:. 1939:. 1918:. 1893:. 1866:1 1845:. 1794:. 1769:. 1682:. 1269:( 114:) 108:( 103:) 99:( 89:· 82:· 75:· 68:· 41:.

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