History of Barbados

266: 621: 643: 172: 5812: 1155:. Governor Hennessy was quickly transferred from Barbados by the British Crown. In 1884, attempts were then made by the influential Barbados Agricultural Society to have Barbados form a political association with the Canadian Confederation. From 1958 to 1962 Barbados became one of the ten states of the West Indies Federation. Lastly in the 1990s, a plan was devised by the leaders of Guyana, Barbados, and Trinidad and Tobago to form a political association between those three governments. Again this deal was never completed, following the loss of 528:

was near parity with 27,000 blacks and 26,000 whites. By 1666, at least 12,000 white smallholders had been bought out, died, or left the island. Many of the remaining whites were increasingly poor. By 1673, black slaves (33,184) outnumbered white settlers (21,309). By 1680, there were 17 slaves for every indentured servant. By 1684, the disparity grew even further to 19,568 white settlers and 46,502 black slaves. By 1696, there was an estimated 42,000 enslaved blacks, and the white population declined further to 16,888 by 1715.

632: 467: 612: 654: 5507: 5517: 933:, an organisation doomed to failure by a number of factors, including what were often petty nationalistic prejudices and limited legislative power. Indeed, Adams's position as "Prime Minister" was a misnomer, as all of the Federation members were still colonies of Britain. Adams, once a political visionary and now a man whose policies seemed to some blind to the needs of his country, not only held fast to his notion of defending the 689:, and the result of a growing sentiment that the treatment of slaves in Barbados was "intolerable", and who believed the political climate in Britain made the time ripe to peacefully negotiate with planters for freedom. Bussa became the most famous of the rebellion's organizers, many of whom were either enslaved persons of some higher position or literate freedmen. One woman, Nanny Grigg, is also named as a principal organizer. 539:. Black or slave codes were implemented in 1661, 1676, 1682, and 1688. In response to these codes, several slave rebellions were attempted or planned during this time, but none succeeded. Nevertheless, poor whites who had or acquired the means to emigrate often did so. Planters expanded their importation of African slaves to cultivate sugar cane. One early advocate of slave rights in Barbados was the visiting Quaker preacher 2329: 524:. As the effects of the new crop increased, so did the shift in the ethnic composition of Barbados and surrounding islands. The workable sugar plantation required a large investment and a great deal of heavy labour. At first, Dutch traders supplied the equipment, financing, and African slaves, in addition to transporting most of the sugar to Europe. Barbados replaced Hispaniola as the main sugar producer in the Caribbean. 2533: 2509: 2325: 693:

thought they would be supported by freed men of colour, but these instead joined efforts to quell the rebellion. Although they drove whites off the plantations, widespread killings did not take place. By the end, 120 slaves died in combat or were immediately executed and another 144 brought to trial and executed. The remaining rebels were shipped off the island.

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holding a referendum on the matter, saying that to do so would be a 'mistake'. 'There is no need to and I don't think it makes a lot of sense. We had a situation where since 1999 this indicated its desire to go in the direction of a republic. The Opposition has always supported it ... So, I think there is enough cohesion in that regard to go with it,' he said.

878:. It was these merchants who continued to dominate Barbados politics, even after emancipation, due to a high income restriction on voting. Only the upper 30 per cent had any voice in the democratic process. It was not until the 1930s that a movement for political rights was begun by the descendants of emancipated slaves, who started 496:. To work the plantations, black Africans – primarily from West Africa – were imported as slaves in such numbers that there were three for every one planter. Increasingly after 1750 the plantations were owned by absentee landlords living in Britain and operated by hired managers. Persecuted Catholics from 835:

Carrington (1982) examines politics during the American Revolution, revealing that Barbadian political leaders shared many of the grievances and goals of the American revolutionaries, but that they were unwilling to go to war over them. Nevertheless, the repeated conflicts between the island assembly

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By 1660, Barbados generated more trade than all the other English colonies combined. This remained so until it was eventually surpassed by geographically larger islands like Jamaica in 1713. But even so, the estimated value of the Colony of Barbados in 1730–1731 was as much as £5,500,000. Bridgetown,

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Most English arrivals were indentured. After five years of labour, they were given "freedom dues" of about £10, usually in goods. Before the mid-1630s, they also received 5–10 acres of land, but after that time the island filled and there was no more free land. Around the time of Cromwell a number of

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Adams and his party demanded more rights for the poor and for the people, and staunchly supported the monarchy. Progress toward a more democratic government in Barbados was made in 1942, when the exclusive income qualification was lowered and women were given the right to vote. By 1949, governmental

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was the focus of the industry. As it developed into the main commercial enterprise, Barbados was divided into large plantation estates which replaced the small holdings of the early English settlers as the wealthy planters pushed out the poorer. Some of the displaced farmers relocated to the English

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Timothy Meads of Warwickshire was one of the rebels sent to Barbados at that time, before he received compensation for servitude of 1000 acres of land in North Carolina in 1666. Parish registers from the 1650s show, for the white population, four times as many deaths as marriages. The death rate was

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was going to be amalgamated with another territory as part of a single state. In response, Barbados made an official bid to the British Government to have neighbouring Island Tobago joined with Barbados in a political union. The British government however decided that Trinidad would be a better fit

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As Barbados prepares to ditch the Queen as its Head of State and become a republic, a prominent political scientist is predicting that Prime Minister Mia Mottley will follow the Trinidad and Tobago model. What's more, Peter Wickham has shot down any idea of the Barbados Labour Party administration

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On 20 September 2021, just over a full year after the announcement for the transition was made, the Constitution (Amendment) (No. 2) Bill, 2021 was introduced to the Parliament of Barbados. Passed on 6 October, the Bill made amendments to the Constitution of Barbados, introducing the office of the

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However, plantation owners and merchants of British descent still dominated local politics, owing to the high income qualification required for voting. More than 70 per cent of the population, many of them disenfranchised women, were excluded from the democratic process. It was not until the 1930s

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Justin Roberts shows that enslaved persons did not spend the majority of time in restricted roles cultivating, harvesting and processing sugar cane, the island's most important cash crop. Rather, the enslaved were involved in various activities and in multiple roles: raising livestock, fertilizing

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In 1655, the population of Barbados was estimated at 43,000, of which about 20,000 were of African descent, with the remainder mainly of English descent. These English smallholders were eventually bought out and the island filled up with large African slave-worked sugar plantations. By 1660, there

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in what was the first of three rebellions in the British West Indies to occur in the interval between the end of the slave trade and emancipation, and the largest slave uprising in the island's history. Around 20,000 enslaved persons from over 70 plantations are thought to have been involved. The

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As the sugar industry developed into its main commercial enterprise, Barbados was divided into large plantation estates that replaced the smallholdings of the early English settlers. In 1680, over half the arable land was held by 175 large planters, each of whom used at least 60 slaves. The great

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is an island country in the southeastern Caribbean Sea, situated about 100 miles (160 km) east of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Roughly triangular in shape, the island measures some 21 miles (34 km) from northwest to southeast and about 14 miles (23 km) from east to west at its

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Due to several years of growing autonomy, Barbados, with Barrow at the helm, was able successfully to negotiate its independence at a constitutional conference with the United Kingdom in June 1966. After years of peaceful and democratic progress, Barbados finally became an independent state and

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Sketch of a flag taken from rebels against slavery in Barbados, after the uprising known as Bussa's Rebellion (1816). The flag appears to stress the rebels' loyalty to Britain and to the Crown while conveying their earnest desire for liberty. British forces on Barbados suppressed the revolt and

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However, the rebellion eventually failed. The uprising was triggered prematurely, but the slaves were already greatly outmatched. Barbados' flat terrain gave the horses of the better-armed militia the clear advantage over the rebels, with no mountains or forest for concealment. Slaves had also

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Slaveholders often counted as "married" only the enslaved with mates on the estate. For example, the manager of Newton estate... recorded 20 women with co-resident husbands and 35 with mates elsewhere. Members of the latter group were labelled single, members of extended units, or mother-child

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The Government of Barbados announced on 15 September 2020 that it intended to become a republic by 30 November 2021, the 55th anniversary of its independence resulting in the replacement of the hereditary monarch of Barbados with an elected president. Barbados would then cease to be a

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in the early 16th century led to a massive decline in the Amerindian population so that by 1541 a Spanish writer claimed they were uninhabited. The Amerindians were either captured for use as slaves by the Spanish or fled to other, more easily defensible mountainous islands nearby.

790:(DLP) as a liberal alternative to Adams' conservative government. Barrow instituted many progressive social programmes, such as free education for all Barbadians and a school meals system. By 1961, Barrow had replaced Adams as Premier and the DLP controlled the government. 1116:

that showed 34% of respondents being in favour of transitioning to a republic, while 30% were indifferent. Notably, no overall majority was found in the survey; with 24% not indicating a preference, and the remaining 12% being opposed to the removal of Queen Elizabeth.

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in 1677: "For I am persuaded, that if they whom thou call'st thy Slaves, be Upright-hearted to God, the Lord God Almighty will set them Free in a way that thou knowest not; for there is none set free but in Christ Jesus, for all other Freedom will prove but a Bondage."

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From about 1600 the English, French, and Dutch began to found colonies in the North American mainland and the smaller islands of the West Indies. Although Spanish and Portuguese sailors had visited Barbados, the first English ship touched the island on 14 May 1625, and

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cultivation in Barbados began in the 1640s, which saw the increasing importation of black slaves from West Africa. Several black slave codes were implemented in the late-17th century which resulted in several slave rebellion attempts, however none was successful. The

797:. The island negotiated its own independence at a constitutional conference with Britain in June 1966. After years of peaceful and democratic progress, Barbados finally became an independent state on 30 November 1966, with Errol Barrow its first prime minister, with 679:

The rebellion largely surprised planters, who felt that their slaves were content because they were allowed weekly dances, participated in social and economic activity across the island and were generally fed and looked after. However, they had refused to reform the

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Queen Elizabeth II sent a message of congratulations to President Mason and the people of Barbados, saying: "As you celebrate this momentous day, I send you and all Barbadians my warmest good wishes for your happiness, peace and prosperity in the future."

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Slavery was finally abolished in the British Empire eight years later, in 1834. In Barbados and the rest of the British West Indian colonies, full emancipation from slavery was preceded by a contentious apprenticeship period that lasted four years.

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served as its first and only "Premier", but his leadership failed in attempts to form similar unions, and his continued defence of the monarchy was used by his opponents as evidence that he was no longer in touch with the needs of his country.

724:. Asked from Canada were the terms of the Canadian side to initiate discussions, and whether or not the island of Barbados could depend on the full influence of Canada in getting the change agreed to by the British Parliament at Westminster. 914:

on the island fell drastically. With the death of O’Neal and the demise of the League, Adams cemented his power, but he used this to advocate for causes that had once been his rivals, including more help for the people especially the poor.

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plantation owners had connections with the English aristocracy and great influence on Parliament. (In 1668, the West Indian sugar crop sold for £180,000 after customs of £18,000. Chesapeake tobacco earned £50,000 after customs of £75,000).

556:.) By 1700, the English West Indies produced 25,000 tons of sugar, compared to 20,000 for Brazil, 10,000 for the French islands and 4,000 for the Dutch islands. This quickly replaced tobacco, which had been the island's main export. 2800: 684:

since its inception, a code that denied slaves human rights and prescribed inhumane torture, mutilation or death as a means of control. This contributed to what was later termed "Bussa's Rebellion", named after the slave ranger

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in 1639, in an effort to appease the planters, who might otherwise have opposed his controversial appointment. That year, 12 years after the settlement was established, the white adult population stood at an estimated 8,700.

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The Barrow government sought to diversify the economy away from agriculture, seeking to boost industry and the tourism sector. Barbados was also at the forefront of regional integration efforts, spearheading the creation of

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William Dickson, LL.D., Mitigation of Slavery, In Two Parts. Part I: Letters and Papers of The Late Hon. Joshua Steele, p. 1-7, 132–136, 177–183. Part II: Letters to Thomas Clarkson, Esql M.A., p. 193, 338–353. (London,

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So much land was devoted to sugar that most foods had to be imported from New England. The poorer whites who were moved off the island went to the English Leeward Islands, or especially to Jamaica. In 1670, the

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On 20 June 2022, a Constitutional Review Commission was formed and sworn in by Jeffrey Gibson (who, at the time, was serving temporarily as Acting President of Barbados) to review the Constitution of Barbados.

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In the period 1640–1660, the West Indies attracted over two-thirds of the total number of English emigrants to the Americas. By 1650, there were 44,000 settlers in the West Indies, as compared to 12,000 on the

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England is commonly said to have made its initial claim to Barbados in 1625, although reportedly an earlier claim may have been made in 1620. Nonetheless, Barbados was claimed from 1625 in the name of King

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in 1640 completely transformed society and the economy. Barbados eventually had one of the world's biggest sugar industries. One group instrumental in ensuring the early success of the industry were the

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technique was intercropping, planting subsistence crops between the rows of cash crops, which demanded of the enslaved skilled and experienced observations of growing conditions for efficient land use.

1026:, remaining prime minister until 2008. Arthur was a strong advocate of republicanism, though a planned referendum to replace Queen Elizabeth as Head of State in 2008 never took place. The DLP won the 2537: 2797: 301:

merchant who acquired the title to Barbados and several other islands. So the first colonists were actually tenants and much of the profits of their labor returned to Courten and his company.

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The Commission will have an 18-month timeline to complete its work. They are expected to solicit input from members of the public in Barbados via a series of face-to-face and online events.

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but also made additional attempts to form other Federation-like entities after that union's demise. When the Federation was terminated, Barbados reverted to its former status as a

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Before this, the mainstay of the infant colony's economy was the growing export of tobacco, but tobacco prices eventually fell in the 1630s, as Chesapeake production expanded.

2171: 367: 3429: 2082: 2048: 5305: 3259: 1012:, which saw the return of the DLP under Errol Barrow, who had been highly critical of the US intervention in Grenada. Barrow, too, died in office, and was replaced by 2144: 323:, in what was called the "Great Barbados Robbery." Carlisle established a separate settlement at what he called Carlisle Bay, which later became known as Bridgetown. 1943: 836:

and the royal governors brought important constitutional reforms which confirmed the legislature's control over most local matters and its power over the executive.

3710: 2622: 150:") and a third in the mid-13th century. However, the Amerindian settlement surprisingly came to an end in the early 16th century. There's no evidence that the 451: 5553: 4164: 535:, which emphasized differential treatment between Africans, and the white workers and ruling planter class, the island became increasingly unattractive to 304:

The first English ship, which had arrived on 14 May 1625, was captained by John Powell. The first settlement began on 17 February 1627, near what is now

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Willoughby rounded up and deported many Roundheads from Barbados, confiscating their property. To try to bring the recalcitrant colony to heel, the

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Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the

7706: 7696: 2982: 2113: 1105:, who was heir apparent to the Barbadian Crown, attended the swearing-in ceremony in Bridgetown at the invitation of the Government of Barbados. 676:

rebellion was partly fuelled by information about the growing abolitionist movement in England, and the opposition against such by local whites.

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in 1807, but not the institution itself. The abolition of slavery itself would only be enacted in 1833 in most parts of the British Empire.

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requesting his private and public views on whether the Dominion of Canada would favourably entertain having the then Colony of Barbados

4607: 4601: 3703: 3124: 3014: 2293: 2257: 1000:. Adams adopted a more conservative and strongly pro-Western stance, allowing the Americans to use Barbados as the launchpad for their 6105: 487:

cultivation in Barbados began in the 1640s, after its introduction in 1637 by Pieter Blower. Initially, rum was produced but by 1642,

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Some evidence suggests that Barbados may have been settled in the second millennium BC, but this is limited to fragments of conch lip

4663: 2928: 2441: 2167: 5546: 2205: 1999: 855:. After the Government of Barbados officially exited from the Windward Island union in 1885, the seat was moved from Bridgetown to 568:

was founded, when some of the surplus population again left Barbados. Other nations receiving large numbers of Barbadians included

6201: 6151: 2235: 2078: 746:, Sir Theodore Branker, Q.C.and found them to be in favour of immediate federation of Barbados along with the rest of the British 7691: 3672: 1282:

Drewett, Peter (1993). "Excavations at Heywoods, Barbados, and the Economic Basis of the Suazoid Period in the Lesser Antilles".

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settlement dates to between about 350 and 650 AD, when the Troumassoid people arrived. The arrivals were a group known as the

7587: 7487: 4872: 3696: 3602: 3159: 2672: 1986: 1832: 1628: 1580: 1482:. The Oxford History of the British Empire. Vol. 1: The Origins of Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 238. 1322: 1031: 158:" by the Spanish) ever established a permanent settlement in Barbados, though they often visited the island in their canoes. 49: 419:

passed an act on 3 October 1650 prohibiting trade between England and Barbados, and because the island also traded with the

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in 1834. Britain continued to rule the island until independence was granted in 1966 and the state became a member of the

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in 1951, and Adams was elected as Premier of Barbados in 1958. For his action and leadership, Adams would later become a

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and the members of the Democratic League were some of the leaders of this movement. This was initially opposed by Sir

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newspapers, one of the movement's foremost voices. Adams would later found the Barbados Progressive League (now the

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Sandra Mason was jointly nominated by the Prime Minister and Leader of the Opposition as candidate to be the first

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was to replace Grantley Adams as the advocate of populism, and it was he who would eventually lead the island into

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A number of proposals have been mooted in the past to integrate Barbados into neighbouring countries or even the

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Finally, in 1942, the income qualification was lowered. This was followed by the introduction of universal adult

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soil, growing provisional crops, maintaining plantation infrastructure, caregiving and other tasks. One notable

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that the descendants of emancipated slaves began a movement for political rights. One of the leaders of this,

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The Portuguese were the first Europeans to discover the island. Portuguese navigator Pedro A. Campos named it

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quickly grew to become the third major English settlement in the Americas due to its prime eastern location.

2415: 705:, which simultaneously granted concessions to the slaves while providing reassurances to the slave owners. 7727: 7474: 7448: 5023: 4473: 4397: 4373: 4367: 3724: 3562: 3242: 3002: 2513: 1791: 1174: 1090: 967:

for all Barbadians. In 1961, Barrow supplanted Adams as Premier as the DLP took control of the government.

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also worked the plantations. Life expectancy of slaves was short and replacements were purchased annually.

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Curwen, Alice (2004). "A relation of the labour, travail, and suffering (excerpt)". In Booy, David (ed.).

5440: 5106: 3956: 3356: 3038: 2389: 1948: 1156: 960: 923: 416: 5178: 4955: 4929: 4826: 4595: 3321: 3119: 3063: 3058: 1713: 565: 331: 2743: 2258:"Letter to the Speaker RE Nomination of Her Excellency Dame Sandra Mason as 1st President of Barbados" 2105: 5469:; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena. 5112: 5068: 4790: 4501: 4176: 4146: 3904: 3662: 3185: 3048: 2593:, and Andrew Downes. "The Economics of Transition to the Black Labor System in Barbados, 1630–1680," 2025: 1762:

Beckles, "The Slave-Drivers' War", Boletín de Estudios Latinoamericanos y del Caribe, 1985, 39:85–109

1055: 377: 1124:'s Labor Party received a landslide victory, winning all 30 legislative seats, in the first general 5293: 5001: 4948: 4856: 4814: 4778: 4732: 4347: 3996: 3938: 3657: 3438: 3326: 3281: 3228: 3190: 3094: 2977: 2914: 2627:

Dunn, Richard S., "The Barbados Census of 1680: Profile of the Richest Colony in English America",

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newspaper polled several prominent Barbadian politicians, lawyers, businessmen, the Speaker of the

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Remarks on the Insurrection in Barbados and the Bill for the Registration of Slaves, London, 1816.

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By 1750, there were about 18,000 white settlers, compared to approximately 65,000 African slaves.

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Molen, Patricia A. "Population and Social Patterns in Barbados in the Early Eighteenth Century,"

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Thomas, Robert Paul. "The Sugar Colonies of the Old Empire: Profit or Loss for Great Britain?"

2264: 1239: 1144: 997: 930: 830: 786:, a fervent reformer, became the people's new advocate. Barrow had left the BLP and formed the 774: 751: 721: 702: 74: 2639: 7355: 5974: 5931: 5861: 5520: 5126: 4281: 4058: 4040: 3849: 3780: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3477: 3254: 3223: 3129: 3114: 3099: 3026: 2725:. Especially see Chapter V., "Big Storms in Little England", pp. 140–172; popular writer 1894:

The Parliament of the United Kingdom c/o Hansard system: TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO BILL.—(No. 195).

1082: 964: 952: 938: 899: 794: 763: 549: 432: 405: 397: 392:, when the island's government fell under the control of Royalists (ironically the Governor, 381: 3612: 2763: 7125: 6660: 5872: 5431: 5249: 5162: 5096: 5074: 4975: 4935: 4844: 4808: 4746: 4671: 4359: 4094: 4088: 4082: 3617: 3532: 3507: 3298: 3089: 3077: 2997: 1858:

S. H. Carrington, "West Indian Opposition to British Policy: Barbadian Politics, 1774–82",

1224: 1169: 934: 848: 672: 665: 635: 624: 606: 389: 78: 2326:"In Barbados, parliament votes to amend constitution, paving the way to republican status" 959:, as the liberal alternative to the conservative BLP government under Adams. He remains a 312:

who according to some sources had been abducted, effectively making them slaves. About 40

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was the first European nation to establish a lasting settlement there from 1627, when the

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From 1800 until 1885, Barbados then served as the main seat of Government for the former

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the capital, was one of the three largest cities in English America (the other two being

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slaves were brought in from Guyana to help plant crops on the west coast of the island.

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The Parliament of the United Kingdom c/o Hansard system: MOTION FOR A SELECT COMMITTEE.

1662: 1148: 1147:. To date all have failed, and one proposal led to deadly riots in 1876, when Governor 1062: 911: 759: 743: 642: 290: 208: 171: 101: 2794:

Economy and Environment in the Caribbean: Barbados and the Windwards in the Late 1800s

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Soon after Barbados' withdrawal from the Windward Islands, Barbados became aware that

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The second wave of settlers appeared around 800 AD (the Spanish referred to these as "

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control was wrested from the planters, and in 1953 Adams became Premier of Barbados.

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with complete Dominion Status within five years from the date of inauguration of the

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found in association with shells that have been radiocarbon-dated to about 1630 BC.

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Ragatz, Lowell Joseph. "Absentee Landlordism in the British Caribbean, 1750–1833",

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Roberts, Justin (2006). "Agriculture on Two Barbadian Sugar Plantations, 1796–97".

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With the Federation dissolved, Barbados reverted to its former status, that of a

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as governor, a move which confirmed the Cavaliers as the government of Barbados.

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spilled over into Barbados and Barbadian territorial waters. The island was not

7066: 6905: 6348: 6308: 6004: 5732: 5611: 5311: 5299: 5144: 4760: 4689: 4678: 4467: 4429: 4335: 4299: 4293: 4259: 3797: 3720: 2962: 2739: 2590: 1475: 1471: 1369: 1102: 891: 875: 863:, where it remained until the territory of the Windward Islands was dissolved. 840: 810: 778: 713: 631: 569: 493: 340: 298: 187: 82: 65: 56:

who saw trees with a beard like feature (hence the name Barbados), and then by

53: 41: 2750:, Boston, Massachusetts: At the presses of S. Hall, and Thomas & Andrews, 2049:"Barbados announces plan to remove Queen Elizabeth as head of state next year" 7721: 6915: 6871: 6502: 6389: 5670: 5352: 5172: 4353: 4237: 1974: 1259: 513: 443: 155: 147: 113: 45: 7266:

1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent

2883: 2822:

Sugar and Slavery: An Economic History of the British West Indies, 1623–1775

2755: 2645:

The Common Law Abroad: Constitutional and Legal Legacy of the British Empire

1916: 1825:

A History of Barbados: from Amerindian settlement to Caribbean single market

1606:

Sugar and Slavery: An Economic History of the British West Indies, 1623–1775

1374:

A History of Barbados: From Amerindian Settlement to Caribbean Single Market

1332: 1294:

Fitzpatrick, Scott M. "A critical approach to c14 dating in the Caribbean".

611: 7092: 6452: 6272: 5984: 5382: 5090: 4651: 4645: 4626: 4391: 4126: 4033: 3972: 3966: 3407: 3271: 2557:

The Rise of West Indian Democracy: The Life and Times of Sir Grantley Adams

1638: 1590: 1112:

A survey was taken between October 23, 2021, and November 10, 2021, by the

1086: 879: 798: 540: 521: 508: 466: 212: 105: 2518: 1827:(2nd ed.). Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. pp. 118–119. 1151:

tried to pressure Barbadian politicians to integrate more firmly into the

7378: 6858: 6835: 6822: 6568: 6432: 6338: 5499: 4995: 4896: 4707: 4311: 4211: 3926: 3920: 2897:

The Tramways of Barbados: historical survey with map and 16 illustrations

2542: 1691:)), p. 85 and see p. 99 (author assoc. prof. sociology, Univ. of Toledo). 1480:

The 'Hub of Empire': The Caribbean and Britain in the Seventeenth Century

1121: 1043: 1019: 646: 420: 344: 117: 5884: 2902:

Report of the Brown University Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice

1313:

Watson, Karl (1970). "A Brief History of Barbados". In Ali, Arif (ed.).

653: 450:

surrendered. The conditions of the surrender were incorporated into the

175:

Spanish 1632 map of the "isla del Barbado" ("island of the Bearded Man")

7646: 7620: 7222: 7172: 6512: 6472: 6095: 6027: 4772: 4753: 4496: 4275: 3894: 3811: 3276: 2849: 2787: 2733: 2632: 1666: 1357: 1089:, Queen of Barbados. The following week, on 12 October 2021, incumbent 980:

on 30 November 1966, Errol Barrow serving as its first prime minister.

657: 504: 484: 240: 136: 69: 34: 5895: 2598: 2294:"Barbados just appointed its first president as it becomes a republic" 2079:"Barbados elects first president, replacing UK Queen as head of state" 963:

for his work in social reformation, including the institution of free

231:

were claimed by the English at about the same time as Barbados (1623:

6881: 6691: 5745: 5719: 5647: 5418: 4271: 4020: 3804: 3331: 1214: 747: 5531: 2906: 1681:

Slave Women in the New World: Gender Stratification in the Caribbean

894:, who played an instrumental role in the bankruptcy and shutdown of 597:

The slave trade ceased in 1807 and slaves were emancipated in 1834.

408:). On 7 May 1650, the General Assembly of Barbados voted to receive 7368: 7115: 6978: 6955: 6932: 6779: 6743: 6363: 5994: 5758: 5346: 5261: 4540: 4492: 4241: 4168: 4154: 4150: 4120: 3908: 2937: 2573:. Discovery Channel and Insight Guides; fourth edition, Singapore. 919: 471: 305: 232: 151: 140: 29: 7633: 2896: 2364:"A message from The Queen to the President and people of Barbados" 81:, this was then followed by the total abolition of slavery in the 7316: 7245: 7202: 7079: 6812: 6706: 6409: 6358: 6138: 6069: 6017: 5964: 5660: 5255: 4588: 4548: 4141: 3898: 3857: 2490: 1643:, discusses Barbados in the context of North American settlement. 989: 985: 860: 536: 497: 455: 274: 270: 244: 220: 203:

arrived with more than 60 white settlers and six African slaves.

196: 2619:

The Economics of Emancipation: Jamaica & Barbados, 1823–1843

2442:"Barbados PM hails governing party's landslide election victory" 2168:"Wickham predicts Barbados' republic model to mirror Trinidad's" 1909: 7330: 7105: 6799: 6632: 6611: 6462: 6367: 6328: 6318: 6116: 6058: 5918: 5851: 5784: 5706: 5265: 4640: 4405: 4183: 3785: 1070: 867: 573: 6245: 2872: 929:

From 1958 to 1962, Barbados was one of the ten members of the

773:

From 1958 to 1962, Barbados was one of the ten members of the

368:

English overseas possessions in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms

7212: 6848: 6769: 6719: 6598: 6492: 6482: 6399: 6379: 6295: 6285: 6211: 6037: 5905: 5601: 4766: 4488: 3960: 2690:

The Empowering Impulse: The Nationalist Tradition of Barbados

951:

in 1966. Barrow, a fervent reformer and once a member of the

777:, a federalist organisation doomed by nationalist attitudes. 686: 488: 427:

were passed prohibiting any but English vessels trading with

313: 236: 129: 2137:"Barbados to remove Queen as head of state by November 2021" 1526:. Hansib Publishing (Caribbean) Ltd. 1997. pp. 46, 48. 712:

In 1884, the Barbados Agricultural Society sent a letter to

454:(Treaty of Oistins), which was signed at the Mermaid's Inn, 6442: 4317: 2700:

A Continent of Islands: Searching for the Caribbean Destiny

2351:"Barbados becomes a republic and parts ways with the Queen" 1739:"Slavery Abolition Act | History & Impact | Britannica" 874:

African slaves worked on plantations owned by merchants of

52:

in the 16th century. The island was briefly claimed by the

7270:. In 2002, East Timor's independence was fully recognized. 1004:

in 1983. Adams died in office in 1985 and was replaced by

6673: 3208: 2880:, Government Information Services, Government of Barbados 2524: 2104:

Team, Caribbean Lifestyle Editorial (15 September 2020).

1905:

The Parliament of the United Kingdom c/o Hansard system:

805:. Upon independence Barbados became a full member of the 116:. Barbados became a republic on November 30, 2021, under 1997: 2460:"Members of Constitutional Review Commission sworn in" 1552: 1540: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1339: 1101:

on 20 October. Mason took office on 30 November 2021.

847:. During that period of around 85 years, the resident 5371: 4504:. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the 2198:"Barbados to remove Queen Elizabeth as head of state" 1402:. 11 January 2011 – via The Ship Stamp Society. 1284:

Journal of the Barbados Museum and Historical Society

1138: 1046:, who became Barbados's first female prime minister. 404:, under the influence of Humphrey Walrond, supported 7287: 2106:"Barbados to become an Independent Republic in 2021" 1979:

Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I

1694: 1683:(Lawrence, Kans.: University Press of Kansas, 1989 ( 1623:. Penguin History of the United States. Allen Lane. 2486:"BARBADOES.—OBSERVATIONS. (Hansard, 1 August 1876)" 1418: 1406: 1380: 696: 1621:American Colonies: The Settlement of North America 351:rebels and criminals were also transported there. 1493:South Carolina National Heritage Corridor (SCNHC) 649:flag of the Colony of Barbados from 1870 to 1966. 283:Les Forces de l'Europe, Asie, Afrique et Amerique 7719: 2796:(The University of the West Indies Press, 1997) 2648:. William S. Hein Publishing. pp. 195–206. 2597:Vol. 18, No. 2 (Autumn 1987), pp. 225–247. 871:and Tobago instead was made a Ward of Trinidad. 143:-Barrancoid from the mainland of South America. 120:, thus removing the queen as its head of state. 7707:Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia 7697:Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago 7408: 1573:Autobiographical Writings by Early Quaker Women 40:Barbados was inhabited by indigenous peoples – 2848:, Vol. 21, No. 1 (April 1968), pp. 30–45 2732:Vol. 28, No. 2 (April 1971), pp. 287–300 2631:vol. 26, no. 1 (January 1969), pp. 3–30, 906:. The Depression caused mass unemployment and 33:widest point. The capital and largest town is 5547: 5031: 3704: 3423: 2922: 2688:Howe, Glenford D., and Don D. Marshall, eds. 701:In 1826, the Barbados legislature passed the 5466:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 5449:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 5327:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 3437: 2824:(University of the West Indies Press, 1994) 2786:Vol. 5, No. 1 (January 1931), pp. 7–24 2614:(Barbados: Caribbean Contact, 1988, 160 pp.) 2605:National Heroine of Barbados: Sarah Ann Gill 1991: 516:, who had originally been expelled from the 442:sent an invasion force under the command of 211:. There were earlier English settlements in 79:largest slave rebellion in Barbadian history 2566:. P.N.M. Publishing Company, Port-of-Spain. 2134: 1376:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–6. 480:Slavery in the British and French Caribbean 254: 5554: 5540: 5038: 5024: 3711: 3697: 3430: 3416: 2929: 2915: 2809: 2607:(Barbados: Methodist Church, 1998, 27 pp.) 2220: 2135:Speare-Cole, Rebecca (16 September 2020). 1016:, who remained prime minister until 1994. 376:Around the same time, fighting during the 7743:1625 establishments in the British Empire 7029: 2738: 2166:Madden, Marlon, ed. (17 September 2020). 1714:"How did the slave trade end in Britain?" 1518: 1516: 1120:In January 2022, Barbados Prime Minister 1049: 727: 461: 166: 4510:Legitimacy of territorial establishment 2873:Barbados Museum & Historical Society 2170:. Top Featured Article. Barbados Today. 2018:"Barbados General Election Results 2018" 652: 641: 630: 619: 610: 492:colonies in North America, most notably 465: 264: 170: 7692:Portuguese colonization of the Americas 2810:Schomburgk, Sir Robert Hermann (1848). 2761: 2662: 1822: 1816: 1652: 1558: 1546: 1470: 1412: 1368: 1293: 1281: 1065:, but could maintain membership in the 531:Due to the increased implementation of 186:Frequent slave-raiding missions by the 14: 7720: 5824: 5495:Historical flags of the British Empire 5479:Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985 2637: 2564:British Historians and the West Indies 2328:. ConstitutionNet. 30 September 2021. 2165: 2116:from the original on 23 September 2021 2000:"Barbados to vote on move to republic" 1944:"Ex-airport boss recalls Cubana crash" 1941: 1848:Timeline of the Caribbean 1950-present 1700: 1618: 1570: 1524:Barbados: Just Beyond Your Imagination 1513: 1446: 1429: 1386: 1345: 1315:Barbados: Just Beyond Your Imagination 1312: 361: 123: 7407: 7286: 7028: 6539: 6244: 5823: 5573: 5561: 5535: 5370: 5282: 5019: 4528: 4200: 3875: 3768: 3692: 3411: 2936: 2910: 2816:. Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. 2663:Frasier, Henry S. (9 November 1990). 2595:Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 2501: 2416:"UWI poll: Republic preferred option" 2190: 2046: 1942:Carter, Gercine (26 September 2010). 1781:Davis, p. 211; Northrup, p. 191. 1466: 1464: 1462: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1306: 955:, had left the party to form his own 853:Colonial head of the Windward Islands 470:Ruins of a plantation in Saint Lucy, 431:. These acts were a precursor to the 60:from 1532 to 1620. The island was an 50:European colonization of the Americas 7733:English colonization of the Americas 7417: 7296: 7038: 6549: 6254: 6214:) and small temporary coastal bases. 5833: 5583: 2544:U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets 2306:from the original on 21 October 2021 2274:from the original on 15 October 2021 2103: 2085:from the original on 26 October 2021 2002:. Caribbean Net News. Archived from 1603: 1230:Spanish colonization of the Americas 1180:British colonization of the Americas 1159:in the Barbadian general elections. 820: 742:and later as first President of the 600: 289:The settlement was established as a 5306:Saint Andrew and Providence Islands 4149:. British Cameroons is now part of 2390:"Survey shows support for republic" 2332:from the original on 8 October 2021 2238:from the original on 8 October 2021 2228:"Barbados Parliament Bills Archive" 2174:from the original on 13 August 2021 2147:from the original on 13 August 2021 2059:from the original on 7 October 2021 1968: 1923:from the original on 8 October 2014 1917:"Encyclopedia Britannica- Barbados" 1205:List of prime ministers of Barbados 1185:French colonization of the Americas 616:hundreds of the rebels were killed. 372:Restoration in the English colonies 319:Courten's title was transferred to 161: 24: 7682:Evolution of the Portuguese Empire 4165:unilaterally declared independence 3860:1708–1757, 1763–1782 and 1798–1802 2862:Notable dates of Barbadian History 2839:The Economic Geography of Barbados 2584: 2208:from the original on 11 March 2021 1792:"The National Archives - Homepage" 1459: 1435: 1200:History of the British West Indies 1139:Confederations and union proposals 1128:since Barbados became a republic. 92:From 1966 to 2021, Barbados was a 37:, which is also the main seaport. 25: 7754: 6106:São João Baptista de Ajudá, Benin 5372:Antarctica and the South Atlantic 5351:Occupied by Argentina during the 5283: 4529: 2855: 2549:United States Department of State 1034:died in 2010 and was replaced by 7687:Portuguese colonial architecture 7288:North America and North Atlantic 6152:Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe 5810: 5574: 5515: 5506: 5505: 4918:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3553:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2717:. Secker & Warburg. London. 2612:Methodism, 200 years in Barbados 2536: This article incorporates 2531: 2512: This article incorporates 2507: 1447:Watson, Karl (5 November 2009). 697:Towards the abolition of slavery 326:Carlisle then chose as governor 209:James I of England and Scotland. 7677:Armorial of Portuguese colonies 2768:(3rd ed.). Manatee Press. 2491:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 2478: 2452: 2434: 2408: 2382: 2356: 2344: 2318: 2286: 2250: 2159: 2128: 2110:Caribbean Culture and Lifestyle 2097: 2071: 2040: 2010: 1935: 1898: 1887: 1876: 1865: 1852: 1841: 1807: 1798: 1784: 1775: 1765: 1756: 1731: 1706: 1673: 1646: 1612: 1597: 1575:. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. 1564: 1504: 1486: 1253: 1028:2008 Barbadian general election 1024:1994 Barbadian general election 1010:1986 Barbadian general election 994:1976 Barbadian general election 970: 815:Organization of American States 321:James Hay, 1st Earl of Carlisle 6540: 5414:Australian Antarctic Territory 4270:since 1965 (before as part of 4267:British Indian Ocean Territory 4153:, while Tanganyika is part of 3784:since 1960 (before as part of 2993:Barbados Independence Act 1966 2868:African influences in Barbados 1392: 1362: 1351: 1275: 1262:, real estate and houses on it 859:on the neighbouring island of 227:), and several islands in the 13: 1: 6707:Portuguese Paliacate outpost 3015:2021 Constitutional Amendment 2702:. Addison-Wesley Publishing. 2302:. Scotland. 20 October 2021. 1269: 1235:Timeline of Barbadian history 1210:List of governors of Barbados 1114:University of the West Indies 1030:, but the new Prime Minister 1008:; however, St. John lost the 402:House of Assembly of Barbados 388:until after the execution of 68:colony from 1625 until 1966. 7449:Captaincy Colonies of Brazil 7242: • 1938–1941 7219: • 1890–1999 7209: • 1851–1999 7199: • 1864–1999 7099: • 1578–1650 7086: • 1576–1605 7073: • 1522–1575 6998: • 1779–1954 6975: • 1687–1749 6912: • 1598–1610 6902: • 1579–1632 6878: • 1568–1659 6868: • 1559–1961 6855: • 1548–1658 6845: • 1540–1612 6832: • 1536–1662 6819: • 1535–1739 6796: • 1534–1661 6786: • 1534–1601 6776: • 1531–1571 6766: • 1531–1571 6750: • 1528–1666 6740: • 1523–1662 6716: • 1521–1740 6703: • 1518–1619 6670: • 1510–1961 6657: • 1507–1657 6644: • 1502–1661 6622: • 1502–1658 6608: • 1501–1663 6595: • 1500–1663 3725:British Overseas Territories 3678:United States Virgin Islands 1860:Journal of Caribbean History 1823:Beckles, Hilary McD (2006). 1175:Military history of Barbados 1091:Governor-General of Barbados 1038:. The BLP returned to power 876:English and Scottish descent 7: 7409:South America and Caribbean 5441:British Antarctic Territory 5151:Western Pacific Territories 5045: 2886:List of rulers for Barbados 2730:William and Mary Quarterly, 2629:William and Mary Quarterly, 1449:"The Civil War in Barbados" 1162: 1157:Sir Lloyd Erskine Sandiford 10: 7759: 7557:Nova Colónia do Sacramento 6636:(Coulão / Kollam) 5707:Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué 5179:Gilbert and Ellice Islands 4596:British Arctic Territories 3876: 3769: 3044:Cities, towns and villages 2893:. BBC History, 2001-04-01. 2762:Pariser, Harry S. (2000). 2713:Michener, James, A. 1989. 2232:www.barbadosparliament.com 1655:William and Mary Quarterly 1317:. Hansib. pp. 30–34. 1053: 824: 671:In 1816, enslaved persons 664:The British abolished the 604: 566:Province of South Carolina 477: 365: 258: 183:(meaning "bearded ones"). 7672: 7414: 7403: 7293: 7282: 7035: 7024: 6758:(Porto Grande De Bengala) 6546: 6535: 6251: 6240: 5830: 5819: 5808: 5580: 5569: 5490: 5459: 5419:Commonwealth of Australia 5377: 5366: 5337: 5289: 5278: 5244: 5051: 5015: 4821:Newfoundland and Labrador 4535: 4524: 4502:League of Nations mandate 4483: 4207: 4196: 4177:Lancaster House Agreement 4147:League of Nations mandate 4136: 3882: 3871: 3775: 3764: 3731: 3653:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 3571: 3445: 3374: 3307: 3250: 3241: 3181: 3172: 3085: 3076: 3034: 3025: 2948: 2891:The Civil War in Barbados 1056:Republicanism in Barbados 378:War of the Three Kingdoms 77:was passed following the 7738:History of the Caribbean 4949:Turks and Caicos Islands 4256:(protectorate) 1907–1949 4201: 3828:(integrated into the UK) 3673:Turks and Caicos Islands 3439:History of North America 3090:Administrative divisions 2864:– Government of Barbados 1296:Latin American Antiquity 1246: 1195:History of North America 827:British Windward Islands 255:Early English settlement 7588:Grão-Pará and Rio Negro 7507: • 1621–1815 7494: • 1578–1607 7481: • 1572–1578 7468: • 1572–1578 7455: • 1549–1572 7442: • 1534–1549 6809: • 1535 6681: • 1512–1525 6349:Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah) 5232:1919–1942 and 1945–1968 5057:18th and 19th centuries 4873:Queen Charlotte Islands 4833:North-Western Territory 4805:1665–1674 and 1702–1776 4408:1781–1784 and 1795–1819 4073:1923–1965 and 1979–1980 3756:Commonwealth of Nations 2978:Windward Islands colony 2846:Economic History Review 2813:The History of Barbados 2698:Kurlansky, Mark. 1992. 2617:Butler, Kathleen Mary. 2569:Scott, Caroline. 1999. 1358:Retrieved 5 March 2016. 1220:Piracy in the Caribbean 1190:History of the Americas 1097:, and was subsequently 1085:to replace the role of 1067:Commonwealth of Nations 1014:Lloyd Erskine Sandiford 1006:Harold Bernard St. John 978:Commonwealth of Nations 957:Democratic Labour Party 807:Commonwealth of Nations 788:Democratic Labour Party 440:Commonwealth of England 417:Commonwealth Parliament 277:planters in Barbados. 98:parliamentary democracy 94:constitutional monarchy 87:Commonwealth of Nations 7578:Grão-Pará and Maranhão 7002:Dadra and Nagar Haveli 4982:West Indies Federation 4171:) and continued as an 3754:Current member of the 3603:British Virgin Islands 3010:Parliamentary republic 2988:West Indies Federation 2792:Richardson; Bonham C. 2748:The American Gazetteer 2638:Dupont, Jerry (2001). 2610:Blackman, Francis W., 2603:Blackman, Francis W., 2571:Insight Guide Barbados 2562:Williams, Eric. 1964. 2538:public domain material 2514:public domain material 2265:Parliament of Barbados 2022:caribbeanelections.com 1240:West Indies Federation 1145:Canadian Confederation 1050:Transition to republic 931:West Indies Federation 902:) in 1938, during the 831:West Indies Federation 775:West Indies Federation 752:West Indies Federation 728:Towards decolonisation 722:Canadian Confederation 703:Consolidated Slave Law 661: 650: 639: 628: 617: 592: 475: 462:Sugar cane and slavery 458:, on 17 January 1652. 330:, who established the 286: 176: 167:Early colonial history 75:Consolidated Slave Law 7268:invasion by Indonesia 7030:East Asia and Oceania 6202:São Tomé and Príncipe 5975:Portuguese Mozambique 5932:Portuguese Gold Coast 4904:Saint Kitts and Nevis 4175:state until the 1979 3781:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 3543:Saint Kitts and Nevis 3125:Deputy Prime Minister 2884:Rulers.org — Barbados 2820:Sheridan; Richard B. 2784:Agricultural History, 2683:A History of Barbados 2665:Treasures of Barbados 2204:. 16 September 2020. 1998:Norman 'Gus' Thomas. 1679:Morrissey, Marietta, 1619:Taylor, Alan (2002). 1604:Sheridan, Richard B. 1095:President of Barbados 1083:President of Barbados 953:Barbados Labour Party 939:self-governing colony 900:Barbados Labour Party 884:Charles Duncan O'Neal 795:self-governing colony 764:Barbados Labour Party 656: 645: 634: 623: 614: 587: 550:Boston, Massachusetts 469: 433:First Anglo-Dutch War 268: 247:). Nevertheless, the 174: 5432:Realm of New Zealand 5430:(transferred to the 5417:(transferred to the 5250:Realm of New Zealand 4851:Prince Edward Island 4729:1671–1816, 1833–1960 2692:(Canoe Press, 2001) 2591:Beckles, Hilary McD. 2028:on 12 September 2019 2006:on 28 December 2007. 1498:7 March 2012 at the 1225:Politics of Barbados 976:formally joined the 849:Governor of Barbados 636:Bridgetown, Barbados 625:Bridgetown, Barbados 503:The introduction of 400:while the Barbadian 396:, remained loyal to 7728:History of Barbados 5921:(São Jorge da Mina) 5772:São João da Mamora 5614:(El Qsar es Seghir) 5463:Since 2009 part of 5355:of April–June 1982. 4942:Trinidad and Tobago 4556:Antigua and Barbuda 4456:Straits Settlements 3558:Trinidad and Tobago 3453:Antigua and Barbuda 2983:Confederation riots 2973:British West Indies 2831:4 June 2011 at the 2803:4 June 2011 at the 2667:. MacMillan Press. 2555:Hoyes, F. A. 1963. 2267:. 12 October 2021. 2081:. 22 October 2021. 2047:Yasharoff, Hannah. 1813:Davis, pp. 212–213. 1455:. History in-depth. 1075:Trinidad and Tobago 1022:of the BLP won the 1002:invasion of Grenada 992:. The DLP lost the 945:Errol Walton Barrow 851:also served as the 784:Errol Walton Barrow 720:as a member of the 682:Barbados Slave Code 554:Port Royal, Jamaica 452:Charter of Barbados 386:involved in the war 362:England's civil war 310:indentured laborers 261:British West Indies 124:Before colonization 7634:Portuguese Guiana 7598:Maranhão and Piauí 7246:Lapa and Montanha 7057:Portuguese Malacca 6943:Portuguese Ceylon 6897:(Portuguese India) 6735:(Portuguese India) 6366: • 5825:Sub-Saharan Africa 4615:Cape Breton Island 4506:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty 4348:Unfederated States 4163:Southern Rhodesia 3750:Commonwealth realm 3493:Dominican Republic 3214:Telecommunications 2520:The World Factbook 2502:Additional sources 2464:www.nationnews.com 2422:. 20 December 2021 2420:www.nationnews.com 2396:. 21 December 2021 2370:. 30 November 2021 1956:on 24 January 2012 1743:www.britannica.com 1400:"William And John" 1149:John Pope Hennessy 1063:Commonwealth realm 912:standard of living 760:Sir Grantley Adams 714:Sir Francis Hincks 662: 651: 640: 629: 618: 476: 293:and funded by Sir 291:proprietary colony 287: 249:Colony of Barbados 177: 102:Westminster system 100:, modelled on the 18:Colony of Barbados 7715: 7714: 7668: 7667: 7662: 7661: 7655: 7654: 7603: 7602: 7562: 7561: 7529: 7528: 7399: 7398: 7393: 7392: 7384: 7383: 7338: 7337: 7278: 7277: 7261: 7260: 7254: 7253: 7236:Portuguese Macau 7228: 7227: 7181: 7180: 7151: 7150: 7020: 7019: 7014: 7013: 7007: 7006: 6992:Portuguese India 6984: 6983: 6969:Portuguese India 6961: 6960: 6924: 6923: 6887: 6886: 6725: 6724: 6579: 6578: 6569:Laccadive Islands 6531: 6530: 6525: 6524: 6518: 6517: 6415: 6414: 6236: 6235: 6226:Portuguese Angola 6219:Portuguese Guinea 6195: 6194: 6188: 6187: 6173:Portuguese Guinea 6157: 6156: 6123: 6122: 6078: 6077: 6048:Portuguese Angola 5947: 5946: 5942:Mascarene Islands 5806: 5805: 5800: 5799: 5793: 5792: 5689: 5688: 5657:1487–16th century 5563:Portuguese Empire 5529: 5528: 5486: 5485: 5362: 5361: 5294:Providence Island 5274: 5273: 5239: 5238: 5107:Western Australia 5075:Van Diemen's Land 5011: 5010: 4988:Associated States 4686:Columbia District 4520: 4519: 4374:Manila and Cavite 4192: 4191: 4071:Southern Rhodesia 4065:South-West Africa 4015:Northern Rhodesia 3927:Cape of Good Hope 3867: 3866: 3744:Current territory 3686: 3685: 3575:other territories 3405: 3404: 3370: 3369: 3237: 3236: 3196:Barbadian dollar 3168: 3167: 3160:Political parties 3105:Foreign relations 3072: 3071: 2837:Starkey, Otis P. 2674:978-0-333-53369-7 2559:. Advocate Press. 2446:www.aljazeera.com 1987:978-0-19-928357-6 1862:1982 (17): 26–49. 1834:978-0-521-67849-0 1630:978-0-7139-9588-6 1582:978-0-7546-0753-3 1348:, pp. 30–38. 1324:978-1-8705-1854-3 1170:Bussa's rebellion 996:to the BLP under 821:Political history 803:Queen of Barbados 740:House of Assembly 735:Barbados Advocate 607:Bussa's rebellion 601:Bussa's rebellion 518:Iberian Peninsula 444:Sir George Ayscue 332:House of Assembly 135:Fully documented 110:Queen of Barbados 16:(Redirected from 7750: 7702:Portuguese India 7650: 7637: 7624: 7614: 7613: 7611: 7571: 7570: 7568: 7540: 7539: 7537: 7512: 7499: 7486: 7473: 7460: 7447: 7429: 7428: 7426: 7418: 7405: 7404: 7359: 7349: 7348: 7346: 7308: 7307: 7305: 7297: 7284: 7283: 7249: 7239: 7238: 7234: 7196: 7195: 7192:Portuguese Macau 7189: 7177: 7176: 7168:Portuguese Timor 7160: 7159: 7157: 7104: 7091: 7078: 7050: 7049: 7047: 7039: 7026: 7025: 6995: 6994: 6990: 6972: 6971: 6967: 6946: 6926: 6925: 6919: 6891: 6890: 6862: 6839: 6826: 6803: 6759: 6729: 6728: 6710: 6696: 6685: 6664: 6651: 6650:(Cochin de Cima) 6637: 6626: 6615: 6602: 6592: 6591: 6588:Portuguese India 6585: 6573: 6561: 6560: 6558: 6550: 6537: 6536: 6426: 6425: 6423: 6371: 6299: 6276: 6266: 6265: 6263: 6255: 6242: 6241: 6183:Portuguese Congo 6166: 6165: 6163: 6142: 6132: 6131: 6129: 6119: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6073: 6061: 6008: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5922: 5909: 5887: 5875: 5845: 5844: 5842: 5834: 5821: 5820: 5814: 5788: 5775: 5762: 5749: 5736: 5735:(Souira Guedima) 5723: 5710: 5700: 5699: 5697: 5674: 5651: 5628: 5615: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5584: 5571: 5570: 5556: 5549: 5542: 5533: 5532: 5519: 5509: 5508: 5474:Antarctic Treaty 5435: 5422: 5407:Falkland Islands 5399:Tristan da Cunha 5391:Ascension Island 5368: 5367: 5319:Falkland Islands 5280: 5279: 5248:Now part of the 5120:Pitcairn Islands 5085:Auckland Islands 5054: 5053: 5040: 5033: 5026: 5017: 5016: 5002:Windward Islands 4956:Vancouver Island 4733:MassachusettsBay 4602:British Columbia 4526: 4525: 4342:Federated States 4198: 4197: 4108:Tristan da Cunha 4077:Southern Nigeria 4009:Northern Nigeria 3888:Ascension Island 3873: 3872: 3829: 3766: 3765: 3740:Former territory 3737: 3713: 3706: 3699: 3690: 3689: 3643:Saint Barthélemy 3573:Dependencies and 3446:Sovereign states 3432: 3425: 3418: 3409: 3408: 3390: 3383: 3248: 3247: 3199: 3179: 3178: 3083: 3082: 3032: 3031: 3003:Governor-General 2931: 2924: 2917: 2908: 2907: 2817: 2779: 2765:Explore Barbados 2758: 2678: 2659: 2552: 2535: 2534: 2528: 2511: 2510: 2496: 2495: 2494:. 1 August 1876. 2482: 2476: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2456: 2450: 2449: 2438: 2432: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2412: 2406: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2386: 2380: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2368:The Royal Family 2360: 2354: 2348: 2342: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2322: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2290: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2273: 2262: 2254: 2248: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2224: 2218: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2194: 2188: 2187: 2181: 2179: 2163: 2157: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2141:Evening Standard 2132: 2126: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2101: 2095: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2075: 2069: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2044: 2038: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2024:. Archived from 2014: 2008: 2007: 1995: 1989: 1972: 1966: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1952:. Archived from 1949:Nation Newspaper 1939: 1933: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1913: 1907: 1902: 1896: 1891: 1885: 1880: 1874: 1869: 1863: 1856: 1850: 1845: 1839: 1838: 1820: 1814: 1811: 1805: 1802: 1796: 1795: 1788: 1782: 1779: 1773: 1769: 1763: 1760: 1754: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1735: 1729: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1710: 1704: 1698: 1692: 1677: 1671: 1670: 1650: 1644: 1642: 1616: 1610: 1609: 1601: 1595: 1594: 1568: 1562: 1556: 1550: 1544: 1538: 1537: 1520: 1511: 1508: 1502: 1490: 1484: 1483: 1468: 1457: 1456: 1444: 1433: 1427: 1416: 1410: 1404: 1403: 1396: 1390: 1384: 1378: 1377: 1366: 1360: 1355: 1349: 1343: 1337: 1336: 1310: 1304: 1303: 1291: 1279: 1263: 1257: 1153:Windward Islands 904:Great Depression 888:Clennell Wickham 845:Windward Islands 843:colonies of the 279:Pieter vander Aa 201:William and John 162:Colonial history 21: 7758: 7757: 7753: 7752: 7751: 7749: 7748: 7747: 7718: 7717: 7716: 7711: 7664: 7663: 7648: 7635: 7622: 7607: 7564: 7533: 7510: 7497: 7484: 7471: 7458: 7445: 7422: 7410: 7395: 7394: 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3863: 3827: 3771: 3760: 3735: 3727: 3717: 3687: 3682: 3576: 3574: 3567: 3441: 3436: 3406: 3401: 3393: 3386: 3379: 3366: 3357:Public holidays 3303: 3233: 3197: 3164: 3068: 3021: 2944: 2935: 2858: 2833:Wayback Machine 2805:Wayback Machine 2776: 2675: 2656: 2587: 2585:Further reading 2541: 2532: 2517: 2508: 2504: 2499: 2484: 2483: 2479: 2469: 2467: 2458: 2457: 2453: 2440: 2439: 2435: 2425: 2423: 2414: 2413: 2409: 2399: 2397: 2388: 2387: 2383: 2373: 2371: 2362: 2361: 2357: 2349: 2345: 2335: 2333: 2324: 2323: 2319: 2309: 2307: 2292: 2291: 2287: 2277: 2275: 2271: 2260: 2256: 2255: 2251: 2241: 2239: 2226: 2225: 2221: 2211: 2209: 2196: 2195: 2191: 2177: 2175: 2164: 2160: 2150: 2148: 2133: 2129: 2119: 2117: 2102: 2098: 2088: 2086: 2077: 2076: 2072: 2062: 2060: 2045: 2041: 2031: 2029: 2016: 2015: 2011: 1996: 1992: 1973: 1969: 1959: 1957: 1940: 1936: 1926: 1924: 1915: 1914: 1910: 1903: 1899: 1892: 1888: 1881: 1877: 1870: 1866: 1857: 1853: 1846: 1842: 1835: 1821: 1817: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1799: 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4818: 4812: 4806: 4800: 4794: 4788: 4782: 4776: 4770: 4764: 4761:Mosquito Coast 4758: 4750: 4744: 4743: 4742: 4730: 4724: 4717: 4711: 4705: 4699: 4693: 4690:Oregon Country 4683: 4679:Cayman Islands 4675: 4669: 4668: 4667: 4661: 4655: 4649: 4637: 4630: 4624: 4618: 4612: 4611: 4610: 4599: 4593: 4585: 4578: 4572: 4566: 4559: 4552: 4545: 4536: 4533: 4532: 4522: 4521: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4514: 4508: 4499: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4478: 4477: 4471: 4468:Trucial States 4465: 4459: 4453: 4447: 4441: 4440: 4439: 4427: 4421: 4415: 4409: 4403: 4402: 4401: 4389: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4365: 4364: 4363: 4357: 4351: 4345: 4333: 4327: 4321: 4315: 4309: 4303: 4297: 4291: 4285: 4279: 4263: 4257: 4251: 4245: 4235: 4229: 4228: 4227: 4215: 4208: 4205: 4204: 4194: 4193: 4190: 4189: 4187: 4186: 4180: 4161:Self-governing 4158: 4144: 4137: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4130: 4124: 4118: 4112: 4104: 4098: 4092: 4086: 4080: 4074: 4068: 4062: 4056: 4050: 4044: 4038: 4030: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3964: 3954: 3948: 3942: 3936: 3933:Central Africa 3930: 3924: 3918: 3912: 3902: 3892: 3883: 3880: 3879: 3869: 3868: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3861: 3855: 3854: 3853: 3847: 3838: 3837: 3836: 3821: 3818:Ionian Islands 3815: 3809: 3801: 3795: 3789: 3776: 3773: 3772: 3762: 3761: 3759: 3758: 3752: 3746: 3741: 3738: 3732: 3729: 3728: 3721:British Empire 3716: 3715: 3708: 3701: 3693: 3684: 3683: 3681: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3663:Sint Eustatius 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3608:Cayman Islands 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3579: 3577: 3572: 3569: 3568: 3566: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3449: 3447: 3443: 3442: 3435: 3434: 3427: 3420: 3412: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3399: 3392: 3391: 3384: 3376: 3375: 3372: 3371: 3368: 3367: 3365: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3313: 3311: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3290: 3289: 3284: 3274: 3269: 3268: 3267: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3239: 3238: 3235: 3234: 3232: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3204:Stock exchange 3201: 3193: 3188: 3182: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3166: 3165: 3163: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3120:Prime Minister 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3086: 3080: 3074: 3073: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3019: 3018: 3017: 3007: 3006: 3005: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2963:British Empire 2960: 2954: 2952: 2946: 2945: 2934: 2933: 2926: 2919: 2911: 2905: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2889:Watson, Karl. 2887: 2881: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2857: 2856:External links 2854: 2853: 2852: 2842: 2835: 2826:online edition 2818: 2807: 2798:online edition 2790: 2780: 2774: 2759: 2736: 2726: 2711: 2696: 2694:online edition 2686: 2681:Harlow, V. T. 2679: 2673: 2660: 2654: 2635: 2625: 2623:online edition 2615: 2608: 2601: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2581: 2567: 2560: 2553: 2529: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2497: 2477: 2466:. 20 June 2022 2451: 2433: 2407: 2394:Barbados Today 2381: 2355: 2343: 2317: 2285: 2249: 2219: 2189: 2158: 2127: 2096: 2070: 2039: 2009: 1990: 1967: 1934: 1908: 1897: 1886: 1875: 1864: 1851: 1840: 1833: 1815: 1806: 1797: 1783: 1774: 1764: 1755: 1730: 1705: 1693: 1672: 1661:(3): 551–586. 1645: 1629: 1611: 1608:. p. 144. 1596: 1581: 1563: 1561:, p. 224. 1551: 1549:, p. 225. 1539: 1532: 1512: 1510:Ragatz (1931). 1503: 1485: 1458: 1434: 1417: 1405: 1391: 1379: 1361: 1350: 1338: 1323: 1305: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1251: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1140: 1137: 1103:Prince Charles 1054:Main article: 1051: 1048: 1032:David Thompson 972: 969: 892:Grantley Adams 822: 819: 811:United Nations 779:Grantley Adams 729: 726: 698: 695: 605:Main article: 602: 599: 570:British Guiana 514:Sephardic Jews 494:South Carolina 478:Main article: 463: 460: 429:Dutch colonies 363: 360: 343:and 23,000 in 299:City of London 259:Main article: 256: 253: 188:Spanish Empire 168: 165: 163: 160: 125: 122: 83:British Empire 54:Spanish Empire 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7755: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7725: 7723: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7674: 7671: 7658: 7651: 7645: 7642: 7641: 7638: 7632: 7629: 7628: 7625: 7619: 7616: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7605: 7599: 7596: 7593: 7592: 7589: 7586: 7583: 7582: 7579: 7576: 7573: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7558: 7555: 7552: 7551: 7548: 7545: 7542: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7531: 7525: 7522: 7519: 7518: 7515: 7509: 7506: 7505: 7502: 7496: 7493: 7492: 7489: 7483: 7480: 7479: 7476: 7470: 7467: 7466: 7463: 7457: 7454: 7453: 7450: 7444: 7441: 7440: 7437: 7434: 7431: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7420: 7419: 7413: 7406: 7402: 7389: 7386: 7380: 7377: 7374: 7373: 7370: 7367: 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6840: 6838:(Kodungallur) 6834: 6831: 6830: 6827: 6825:(Vasai-Virar) 6821: 6818: 6817: 6814: 6811: 6808: 6807: 6804: 6798: 6795: 6794: 6791: 6788: 6785: 6784: 6781: 6778: 6775: 6774: 6771: 6768: 6765: 6764: 6760: 6752: 6749: 6748: 6745: 6742: 6739: 6738: 6734: 6731: 6730: 6727: 6721: 6718: 6715: 6714: 6711: 6705: 6702: 6701: 6697: 6689: 6679: 6678: 6675: 6672: 6669: 6668: 6665: 6659: 6656: 6655: 6652: 6646: 6643: 6642: 6638: 6630: 6620: 6619: 6616: 6610: 6607: 6606: 6603: 6597: 6594: 6593: 6590: 6589: 6584: 6574: 6572:(Lakshadweep) 6566: 6563: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6552: 6551: 6545: 6538: 6534: 6521: 6514: 6513:Bandar-e Kong 6511: 6508: 6507: 6504: 6503:Dibba Al-Hisn 6501: 6498: 6497: 6494: 6491: 6488: 6487: 6484: 6481: 6478: 6477: 6474: 6471: 6468: 6467: 6464: 6461: 6458: 6457: 6454: 6451: 6448: 6447: 6444: 6441: 6438: 6437: 6434: 6431: 6428: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6417: 6411: 6408: 6405: 6404: 6401: 6398: 6395: 6394: 6391: 6388: 6385: 6384: 6381: 6378: 6375: 6374: 6369: 6365: 6360: 6357: 6354: 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5857: 5856: 5853: 5850: 5847: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5836: 5835: 5829: 5822: 5818: 5813: 5796: 5789: 5783: 5780: 5779: 5776: 5770: 5767: 5766: 5763: 5757: 5754: 5753: 5750: 5744: 5741: 5740: 5737: 5731: 5728: 5727: 5724: 5718: 5715: 5714: 5711: 5705: 5702: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5691: 5685: 5682: 5679: 5678: 5675: 5669: 5666: 5665: 5662: 5659: 5656: 5655: 5652: 5646: 5643: 5642: 5639: 5636: 5633: 5632: 5629: 5623: 5620: 5619: 5616: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5603: 5600: 5597: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5586: 5585: 5579: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5557: 5552: 5550: 5545: 5543: 5538: 5537: 5534: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5512: 5504: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5492: 5489: 5478: 5475: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5462: 5461: 5458: 5451: 5450: 5446: 5443: 5442: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5412: 5409: 5408: 5404: 5401: 5400: 5396: 5393: 5392: 5388: 5385: 5384: 5380: 5379: 5376: 5369: 5365: 5354: 5353:Falklands War 5350: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5339: 5336: 5329: 5328: 5324: 5321: 5320: 5316: 5313: 5310: 5307: 5304: 5301: 5298: 5295: 5292: 5291: 5288: 5284:South America 5281: 5277: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5257: 5253: 5251: 5247: 5246: 5243: 5231: 5228: 5225: 5222: 5219: 5215: 5212: 5208: 5205: 5202: 5199: 5196: 5195: 5193: 5187: 5183: 5180: 5177: 5174: 5173:Union Islands 5171: 5168: 5164: 5161: 5158: 5155: 5152: 5149: 5146: 5143: 5140: 5137: 5134: 5131: 5128: 5125: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5114: 5111: 5108: 5104: 5101: 5098: 5095: 5092: 5089: 5086: 5083: 5080: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5063: 5059: 5056: 5055: 5050: 5041: 5036: 5034: 5029: 5027: 5022: 5021: 5018: 5014: 5003: 5000: 4997: 4994: 4989: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4977: 4974: 4971: 4968: 4965: 4964: 4960: 4957: 4954: 4951: 4950: 4946: 4943: 4940: 4937: 4934: 4931: 4928: 4925: 4922: 4919: 4915: 4912: 4908: 4905: 4901: 4898: 4895: 4892: 4889: 4886: 4885:Rupert's Land 4883: 4880: 4877: 4874: 4870: 4867: 4864: 4861: 4858: 4855: 4852: 4849: 4846: 4845:Paulet affair 4843: 4840: 4837: 4834: 4831: 4828: 4825: 4822: 4819: 4816: 4813: 4810: 4807: 4804: 4801: 4798: 4795: 4792: 4791:New Hampshire 4789: 4786: 4783: 4780: 4779:New Brunswick 4777: 4774: 4771: 4768: 4765: 4762: 4759: 4756: 4755: 4751: 4748: 4745: 4740: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4728: 4725: 4722: 4718: 4715: 4712: 4709: 4706: 4703: 4700: 4697: 4694: 4691: 4687: 4684: 4681: 4680: 4676: 4673: 4670: 4665: 4662: 4659: 4656: 4653: 4650: 4647: 4644: 4643: 4642: 4638: 4635: 4631: 4628: 4625: 4622: 4619: 4616: 4613: 4609: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4586: 4583: 4579: 4576: 4573: 4570: 4567: 4564: 4560: 4557: 4553: 4550: 4546: 4543: 4542: 4538: 4537: 4534: 4530:North America 4527: 4523: 4513: 4509: 4507: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4485: 4482: 4475: 4472: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4460: 4457: 4454: 4451: 4450:South Vietnam 4448: 4445: 4442: 4437: 4434: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4425: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4413: 4410: 4407: 4404: 4399: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4387: 4384: 4381: 4378: 4375: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4361: 4358: 4355: 4352: 4349: 4346: 4343: 4340: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4331: 4328: 4325: 4322: 4319: 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3297: 3295: 3292: 3288: 3287:Ethnic groups 3285: 3283: 3280: 3279: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3266: 3263: 3262: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3240: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3171: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3075: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3036: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3024: 3016: 3013: 3012: 3011: 3008: 3004: 3001: 3000: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2932: 2927: 2925: 2920: 2918: 2913: 2912: 2909: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2892: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2859: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2840: 2836: 2834: 2830: 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1994: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1975:Dieter Nohlen 1971: 1955: 1951: 1950: 1945: 1938: 1922: 1918: 1912: 1906: 1901: 1895: 1890: 1884: 1879: 1873: 1868: 1861: 1855: 1849: 1844: 1836: 1830: 1826: 1819: 1810: 1801: 1793: 1787: 1778: 1768: 1759: 1744: 1740: 1734: 1719: 1718:www.rmg.co.uk 1715: 1709: 1703:, p. 64. 1702: 1697: 1690: 1689:0-7006-0394-8 1686: 1682: 1676: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1649: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1626: 1622: 1615: 1607: 1600: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1578: 1574: 1567: 1560: 1555: 1548: 1543: 1535: 1533:1-870518-54-3 1529: 1525: 1519: 1517: 1507: 1501: 1497: 1494: 1489: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1454: 1450: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1432:, p. 44. 1431: 1426: 1424: 1422: 1414: 1409: 1401: 1395: 1389:, p. 42. 1388: 1383: 1375: 1371: 1365: 1359: 1354: 1347: 1342: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1320: 1316: 1309: 1301: 1297: 1289: 1285: 1278: 1274: 1261: 1256: 1252: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 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5347:Colombia 5262:Kiribati 5139:Victoria 5079:Tasmania 4970:Virginia 4936:Stickeen 4924:Saybrook 4863:Plymouth 4809:New York 4747:Maryland 4739:Province 4702:Delaware 4672:Carolina 4664:Dominion 4658:Province 4621:Dominica 4569:Barbados 4541:Anguilla 4512:disputed 4493:Pakistan 4368:Maldives 4242:Billiton 4169:Rhodesia 4155:Tanzania 4151:Cameroon 4127:Zululand 4121:Zanzibar 3909:Botswana 3583:Anguilla 3518:Honduras 3488:Dominica 3463:Barbados 3397:Category 3342:Landship 3299:Religion 3272:Language 3140:Military 3078:Politics 2998:Monarchy 2958:Timeline 2942:articles 2938:Barbados 2850:in JSTOR 2829:Archived 2801:Archived 2788:in JSTOR 2742:(1797), 2734:in JSTOR 2621:(1995), 2599:in JSTOR 2330:Archived 2304:Archived 2269:Archived 2236:Archived 2212:18 March 2206:Archived 2202:BBC News 2172:Archived 2145:Archived 2114:Archived 2083:Archived 2057:Archived 1921:Archived 1639:7798386M 1591:3680144M 1496:Archived 1474:(2001). 1372:(2007). 1163:See also 1126:election 935:monarchy 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3039:Beaches 2950:History 2878:History 2841:(1939). 2685:(1926). 2470:21 June 1977:(2005) 1748:25 June 1667:3877375 1478:(ed.). 1099:elected 1069:, like 1040:in 2018 990:CARICOM 986:CARIFTA 908:strikes 861:Grenada 841:British 766:(BLP). 673:rose up 638:in 1848 627:in 1848 498:Ireland 456:Oistins 285:, 1726. 275:tobacco 271:quakers 245:Antigua 221:Bermuda 215:(1607: 197:England 148:Arawaks 104:, with 66:British 62:English 42:Arawaks 7657: 7514:Brazil 7511: 7501:Brazil 7498: 7485: 7472: 7462:Brazil 7459: 7446: 7436:Brazil 7388: 7331:Azores 7256: 7106:Tidore 7103: 7090: 7077: 7067:Maluku 7009: 6894: 6732: 6684: 6633:Quilon 6625: 6520: 6489:1624–? 6479:1624–? 6469:1623–? 6463:Khasab 6459:1623–? 6443:As Sib 6429:1620–? 6410:Matrah 6368:Manama 6329:Muscat 6319:Qalhat 6315:1515–? 6273:Gamru 6190: 6117:Bissau 6059:Cacheu 5852:Arguim 5795: 5673:(Safi) 5671:Safim 5521:Portal 5341:Now a 5312:Guiana 5266:Tuvalu 4869:Quebec 4641:Canada 4582:Belize 4474:Weihai 4418:Penang 4406:Padang 4336:Malaya 4330:Labuan 4324:Kuwait 4300:Cyprus 4294:Ceylon 4288:Brunei 4260:Borneo 4254:Bhutan 4248:Bengal 4184:Zambia 4115:Uganda 3877:Africa 3850:Colony 3840:Malta 3798:Cyprus 3786:Cyprus 3770:Europe 3736:Legend 3538:Panama 3528:Mexico 3473:Canada 3468:Belize 3362:Sports 3317:Anthem 3294:Health 3277:People 3155:Police 3064:Rivers 2940: 2772: 2754: 2721: 2706: 2671: 2652: 2577: 2178:4 June 2032:26 May 1985: 1981:, p90 1927:9 July 1831: 1772:1814). 1723:11 May 1687: 1665: 1637: 1627: 1589: 1579: 1530: 1331: 1321: 1260:Estate 1071:Guyana 1042:under 868:Tobago 744:Senate 590:units. 574:Panama 552:, and 156:Caribs 46:Caribs 7475:Bahia 7213:Taipa 7136:Macau 7093:Ambon 6906:Hugli 6849:Surat 6780:Chalé 6770:Chaul 6720:Chaul 6493:Madha 6483:Kalba 6453:Qeshm 6400:Qatif 6380:Qatif 6339:Barka 6286:Sohar 6038:Accra 5733:Aguz 5602:Ceuta 5264:and * 5230:Nauru 5224:Samoa 5198:Tonga 5157:Papua 4767:Nevis 4652:Upper 4646:Lower 4489:India 4354:Union 4312:India 4282:Burma 4238:Banka 4089:Sudan 3991:Natal 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