1063:), repeating it three times during three nights, and there were special people who knew how to decipher the signs that appeared in the ashes. Another test was performed using fire, which was kindled at the center of the tested plot on a calm and windless night with waxing moon. If the smoke spread over the ground in a soft and uniform manner, it was a good sign; if the smoke went up and only from one side, it was a bad sign and another place was to be tested. Ash and fire are clearly related to the cult of fire and the hearth, regarded as symbols of the continuity of life across generations, showing whether the future generations will prosper in the new plot or they will encounter misfortunes, perhaps even to the point of extinction or abandonment of the new house.
1095:"Living Fire"). In some regions the sticks (of hazelnut, for instance) for fire making are traditionally obtained after being put on the ceiling of the house near the hearth fire for three years. Sticks dried in this way are traditionally rubbed by two young and powerful men. Some dried moss is also usually put in the point of friction, which is ignited by fire from the friction. From the flame caused by the friction of two pieces of wood, a big fire was made with scraps, rags and straw. Livestock are passed through the smoke of the fire thus created. In some cases, coals are taken from this fire, they are immersed and dissolved in water, and the mixture thus created is used to sprinkle the livestock.
842:
943:
200:
300:("the Fire of the Sky") and consider it as the "weapon of the deity". During big storms with torrential rains, lightning and hail, which often cause great damage to agriculture, livestock, and to the rural economy in general, Albanians traditionally bring outdoors Fire as a continuous chain or in a container, as well as ember and fire-related metallic objects, seeking assistance from the supernatural power of the Fire, in order to turn the storm away and to avert the harms it can cause to the community.
1327:
831:
632:
31:
1057:
harder to detect, and several concerns emerged about them. The elders, who preserved much historical and legendary knowledge, were also consulted. Houses could certainly be built in the land of the ancestors whose permanent prosperity was well-known, or in the place where a prosperous cattle stable used to be located. A mystic test, widespread in all
Albanian lands, consisted in performing a particular ritual with ashes poured in the area of the future domestic hearth (
6260:
6011:
4225:
1032:
this custom remains from the old days when the father of each house was also the priestly guardian of the fire, and anyone coming to ask for a light from it stood reverently in that position, silent, before the hearth, until the father priest gave it to him. The bride, newcomer in the family, is a suppliant for the gift of fire, of life, of the mystery that continues the race.
1224:. Meanwhile, the lady of the house gives them two chicken eggs. In the morning of Verëza and Shëngjergji, the old lady of the house ties knots to the chain of the hearth and says an incantation formula, then she lights the fire, which with all its power burns the demons and evil. Ashes are believed to have healing properties, especially when children have been taken by the
1216:"In the closed circle dance, having the fire in the center, the first ritual element is found, interlaced with choreographic motives, which classify this dance in the ritual category. The cult of fire, an important basic and ancient element, and the closed circle of the performers, a very important fact for the ritualistic choreography, create the main axis of the dance."
877:), which was often represented as a crescent. So, the patterns of Catholic tattoos in Bosnia, which until then were known as "circles, semicircles, and lines or twigs", eventually were clearly explained as compounds of rayed (emanating light) suns, moons, and crosses, from an expression of Nature-worship and hearth-worship. Furthermore, the crosses (including
868:
for a description of all the little lines (or twigs) that accompanied a semicircle incised on an old gravestone. They answered that those twigs were "the light coming from the Moon, of course". For
Albanians, the twigs or little lines were the traditional way to represent light, emanated from the Sun
1242:
During big storms with torrential rains, lightning and hail, which often cause great damage to agriculture, livestock, and to the rural economy in general, Albanians traditionally bring outdoors Fire as a continuous chain or in a container, as well as ember and fire-related metallic objects, seeking
1090:
A traditional ritual practiced for the livestock protection or healing from possible diseases is to shroud them in smoke. It has been usually performed in the spring, before livestock goes out for grazing, in a fire traditionally made with rudimentary tools. For this purpose, in many cases, the fire
1031:
The bride carries with her from her home one invariable gift—a pair of fire tongs. When she arrives at her husband's house she takes a humble place in the corner, standing, her hands folded on her breast, her eyes downcast, and for three days and nights she is required to remain in that position...
1056:
among
Albanians were mainly of mystic nature, and sometimes of techno-practical nature. The latter were easier to deal with, as they consisted in checking a place with or without moisture, a strong subsoil or a slippery soil, etc. As for the mystical aspects, such as luck and prosperity, they were
1301:
and birds (eagles). In those plaques there is a mythological representation of the celestial deity: the Sun deity animated with a face and two wings, throwing lightning into a fire altar (the main thunderbolt that reaches the fire altar is also represented as a polearm at the extremity), which in
850:
Tattoo patterns of northern
Albanians (top); tattoo patterns of Catholic women (and one man) in Bosnia (bottom). Drawn by Edith Durham in the early 20th century. Many of those patterns also appear on Albanian traditional art (graves, jewellery, embroidery, and house carvings). They are symbols of
792:
have played a prominent role in the lives of all the
Albanian people until the 20th century, and in rural areas they continue to be important for Albanian traditional customs even in the present days. In Albanian tradition the fire worship and rituals are associated with the cult of the Sun
1204:
consists in young people performing a dance on the "way of the Sun", in the east–west direction near the burning ritual fire, with which evil spirits, demons that endanger health, purification, prosperity, blessing and the beginning of the seasons are burned.
246:("Ritual Calendar Fires") are associated with the cosmic cycle and the rhythms of agricultural and pastoral life. The ritual collective fires (based on the house, kinship, or neighborhood) or bonfires in yards (especially on high places) lit before
219:
are taken "by fire", and the worst curse formulas are cast for the extinguishing of the individual's, family's and clan's fire. The lineage is identified with an original fire, and the members of a same tribe/clan are "from the same fire".
995:) assume a divine connotation and remain in contact with the family through the fire of the domestic hearth, of which they are considered protectors. The fire of the domestic hearth is considered to ensure the continuity of the tribe (
888:
Also appearing in other expressions of
Albanian traditional art (graves, jewellery, clothing, and house carvings), those patterns are symbols of celestial, light, fire and hearth worship, expressing the favor of the light within the
224:("the Fire of the Hearth") is regarded as the offspring of the Sun and the sustainer of the continuity between the world of the living and that of the dead and between the generations, ensuring the survival of the lineage (
817:) are associated with the cosmic cycle and the rhythms of agricultural and pastoral life. The practices associated with ritual fires among Albanians have been historically fought by the Christian clergy, without success.
1136:
The old pagan cult of the mountain and mountain tops is widespread among
Albanians. Pilgrimages to sacred mountains take place regularly during the year. This ancient practice is still preserved today, notably in
1234:
to the deities associated with the hearth are traditionally practiced by
Albanians at feasts, by throwing some of the food they prepared into the fire of the domestic hearth and around the hearth.
699:
the fire deity would have expanded his function considerably, therefore ousting the cosmic-heavenly deity, becoming the most distinguished
Illyrian god in Roman times at the time when the
1181:
and many others. In
Albanian folk beliefs the mountain worship is strictly related to the cult of Nature in general, and the cult of the Sun in particular. Prayers to the Sun, ritual
1220:
On the feast of Verëza, in Opojë girls go from house to house early in the morning, and two by two they go near the fire of the hearth and stir it saying to the lady of the house:
864:, who extensively studied Balkan traditional tattoing with fieldwork research, was able to thoroughly explain the patterns of traditional tattoos only after asking to Albanians of
917:, and it was spread about that anyone who invoked him would be blinded by fire. However, in folk beliefs the god I Verbti was often considered more powerful than the Christian
1021:), where it assumes another connotation besides the primordial concept: the fire of the domestic hearth is considered also as a place of common existence and commensality.
292:
tools and techniques – is the ritual purifying Fire used for the cleansing, protection, healing, and energizing of livestock and humans. Albanian folk beliefs regard the
982:). The place of the ignition of fire is traditionally built in the center of the house and of circular shape representing the Sun. Traditionally the fire of the hearth,
1246:
The practice has been interpreted either as a form of prayer to appease the weather god in order to turn the storm away, or an act to give strength to the divine hero
3829:
Koch, Harold (2015). "Patterns in the diffusion of nomenclature systems: Australian subsections in comparison to European days of the week". In Dag T.T. Haug (ed.).
1297:
in later times. Each of those plaques portray simultaneously sacred representations of the sky and the sun, and symbolism of lighning and fire, as well as the
5189:
989:
The hearth fire is considered the sustainer of the continuity between the world of the living and that of the dead. After death, the souls of the ancestors (
4938:
1133:, are related to the cult of the Sun, and in particular they are practiced with the function to give strength to the Sun according to the old beliefs.
276:, are related to the cult of the Sun, and in particular they are practiced with the function to give strength to the Sun according to the old beliefs.
4898:
2468:
4189:
Treimer, Karl (1971). "Zur Rückerschliessung der illyrischen Götterwelt und ihre Bedeutung für die südslawische Philologie". In Henrik Barić (ed.).
165:. He was presumably worshiped by the Illyrians in antiquity and he may have been the most prominent god of the Albanian pantheon in Roman times by
3957:
Muka, Ali (1984). "Vendi i zjarrit në banesën fshatare të shqipërisë së mesme" [Fireplace in the Peasant Dwelling of Central Albania].
661:
5159:
111:
and giver of life), sustain the continuity between life and afterlife and between the generations. The divine power of Fire is used for the
6047:
5147:
1243:
assistance from the supernatural power of the Fire, in order to turn the storm away and to avert the harms it can cause to the community.
929:
of fire underlies the Albanian folk belief according to which the god I Verbti is the enemy of uncleanliness and the opponent of filth.
581:
is associated with the Sun in the heavens, with lightning in the clouds, and with both hearth and ritual fire on the earth among humans.
5082:
3835:. Current Issues in Linguistic Theory. Vol. 334. With the assistance of: Eiríkur Kristjánsson. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
1103:
The ritual collective fires (based on the house, kinship, or neighborhood) or bonfires in yards (especially on high places) lit before
147:. The practices associated with ritual fires among Albanians have been historically fought by the Christian clergy, without success.
3832:
Historical Linguistics 2013: Selected papers from the 21st International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Oslo, 5-9 August 2013
196:
of fire underlies the Albanian folk belief according to which the fire god is the enemy of uncleanliness and the opponent of filth.
5272:
921:. The struggle between the old and the new god and the former predominant popularity of I Verbti among Albanians is expressed in
172:, when week-day names were formed in the Albanian language. The belief in a prominent fire and wind god, who was referred to as
4076:
4013:
3948:
3901:
3840:
3776:
3741:
2461:
313:
The root of the name of the Albanian deity is thought to be found in antiquity in the Pannonian-Illyrian area, as well as in
3718:
Doli, Flamur (2009). "Decoration from the house snake cult belief system, as evidenced in Kosovan vernacular architecture".
53:
in some tattoos) has been interpreted as a symbol of the deified fire – Zjarri, evidently also called with the theonym Enji.
5982:
5493:
4278:
4257:
4068:
890:
852:
5840:
4214:
3797:
635:
5977:
5950:
4179:
4100:
4040:
3989:
3920:
3664:
3632:
3142:
3115:
1087:, is the ritual purifying Fire used for the cleansing, protection, healing, and energizing of livestock and humans.
6040:
2454:
484:
6304:
5261:
4110:
Sela, Jonida (2017). "Values and Traditions in Ritual Dances of All-Year Celebrations in Korça Region, Albania".
2210:
1003:) from generation to generation. In Albanian tradition, indeed, the lineage is identified with an original fire (
986:, is identified with the existence of the family and its extinguishing is considered a bad omen for the family.
5991:
5964:
5642:
5523:
5498:
5410:
4884:
4732:
2436:
5714:
5180:
2386:
730:
688:
6004:
5792:
4652:
1285:
A similar practice linking the lightning and the hearth fire is documented by 6th century BCE plaques from
4227:Το Ελληνο-Αλβανικόν Λεξικόν του Μάρκου Μπότσαρη [The Greek-Albanian Dictionary of Markos Botsaris]
234:). The absence of fire in a house is traditionally considered a great curse. Protectors of the hearth are
150:
The theonym from which Thursday was named in Albanian is considered to have been attested in antiquity in
6289:
6263:
6033:
5654:
5637:
5055:
4592:
4032:
2372:
2191:
34:
6077:
2258:
46:
6284:
5870:
5865:
5606:
4567:
2503:
2268:
2253:
2248:
2106:
870:
794:
771:
128:
104:
42:
17:
5017:
6187:
5855:
5850:
4597:
4139:
1122:
1053:
578:
265:
2342:
841:
127:, and protection from big storms. Fire worship and rituals are associated with the cult of the Sun (
5704:
2243:
874:
1254:, the demon of darkness and evil that casues the storms. Indeed, Albanian folk beliefs regard the
5933:
5860:
5677:
4250:
2196:
2132:
1201:
1189:
have been common practices performed by Albanians during the ritual pilgrimage on mountain tops.
1170:
1117:
548:
438:
260:
216:
426:
6294:
6245:
5945:
5659:
5544:
4200:
3652:
601:
476:
468:
5440:
3967:
3766:
6182:
5709:
5562:
5435:
5402:
4667:
4637:
4602:
4160:
5830:
5731:
4512:
3194:
2367:
2361:
2348:
2320:
1540:
1231:
1091:
is lit either with flints and reeds or by the friction of two sticks (hence referred to as
166:
4119:
8:
5825:
5682:
4928:
4847:
4742:
4692:
4627:
4607:
4562:
3878:
926:
562:
527:
193:
169:
124:
3817:
3752:
851:
celestial, light, fire and hearth worship, expressing the favor of the light within the
6299:
6122:
6056:
6014:
5697:
5425:
5333:
4687:
4622:
4243:
3706:
3698:
2151:
2022:
1700:
1441:
1041:
683:
557:
520:
239:
74:
5510:
5313:
1178:
420:
6240:
6132:
5972:
5938:
5905:
5885:
5812:
5787:
5721:
5664:
5629:
5552:
5473:
5468:
4992:
4787:
4747:
4722:
4557:
4517:
4210:
4175:
4147:
4096:
4072:
4036:
4025:
4009:
3985:
3944:
3916:
3897:
3855:
3836:
3793:
3772:
3737:
3710:
3660:
3628:
3138:
3111:
2498:
2483:
2238:
1860:
1186:
1130:
1027:(1923) provided the following description regarding the northern Albanian fire cult:
751:
704:
696:
616:
534:
464:
273:
84:
65:
5349:
3811:(PhD) (in Albanian). Tirana: University of Tirana, Faculty of History and Philology.
192:, and it was spread about that anyone who invoked him would be blinded by fire. The
6217:
6157:
6097:
5900:
5820:
5692:
5625:
5485:
5430:
5415:
5303:
5220:
5045:
5024:
4864:
4702:
4507:
4464:
3975:
3934:
3789:
Light and Shadow: Isolation and Interaction in the Shala Valley of Northern Albania
3690:
2303:
2146:
2037:
1904:
1879:
1645:
1475:
1387:
1382:
1024:
882:
810:
802:
658:
329:: "the one dedicated to En". Other examples with the same root and with the suffix
144:
136:
100:
1671:
942:
199:
6137:
5875:
5769:
5764:
5687:
5669:
5647:
5458:
5249:
5232:
5226:
5185:
5119:
5102:
4291:
4204:
4190:
4123:
4092:
Baku's Temple of Eternal Fire: Its Connections to Baba Nanak and the Udasi Sadhus
4090:
4003:
3938:
3891:
3868:
3830:
3809:
Marrëdhënie të miteve dhe kulteve të bregdetit të Jonit me areale të tjera mitike
3787:
3731:
3694:
3653:"Blood and Seed, Trunk and Hearth: Kinship and Common Origin in southern Albania"
3622:
3132:
3107:
Many Heads, Arms and Eyes: Origin, Meaning and Form of Multiplicity in Indian Art
3105:
2390:
2357:
2294:
2123:
2081:
2051:
1626:
1597:
1480:
1368:
1318:
1174:
1126:
998:
953:
789:
524:
397:
326:
269:
225:
154:
1923:
1686:
1416:
1392:
1197:
1108:
922:
251:
5895:
5890:
5445:
5066:
5060:
4943:
4812:
4612:
4407:
4086:
3852:
Revista Santuários, Cultura, Arte, Romarias, Peregrinações, Paisagens e Pessoas
3675:
1943:
1918:
1899:
1821:
1640:
1579:
1461:
1421:
1268:
723:
605:
176:("the blind one"), and who was often regarded more powerful than the Christian
158:
5515:
3980:
389:
6278:
5759:
5420:
4807:
4767:
4328:
4151:
3999:
3930:
3859:
2377:
1811:
1786:
1766:
1607:
1565:
1520:
1456:
1358:
1112:
865:
700:
642:
255:
5505:
1933:
631:
6222:
6162:
5804:
5572:
5450:
5355:
5200:
4777:
4762:
3762:
3727:
2518:
2046:
1836:
1737:
1691:
1666:
1656:
1530:
1515:
1451:
1353:
1298:
1286:
957:
861:
830:
785:
747:
743:
719:
409:
381:"mountain", interpreted as "the one dedicated to En of/from the mountain".
108:
38:
30:
5386:
1806:
539:
5391:
4997:
4923:
4908:
4757:
4712:
4587:
4552:
4358:
4318:
2336:
2027:
2017:
1963:
1072:
806:
289:
140:
3702:
1158:
569:' as an active force. The PIE name is also continued in the name of the
6102:
5928:
5579:
5567:
5480:
5318:
4903:
4854:
4837:
4632:
4582:
4454:
4437:
4432:
4397:
4338:
4323:
4050:
Poghirc, Cicerone (1987). "Albanian Religion". In Mircea Eliade (ed.).
3134:
The Artful Universe: An Introduction to the Vedic Religious Imagination
2396:
2137:
2032:
1864:
1431:
1209:
715:
314:
120:
6142:
5589:
5328:
3655:. In Hemming, Andreas; Kera, Gentiana; Pandelejmoni, Enriketa (eds.).
2819:
2817:
2508:
2330:
1746:
1560:
1343:
1262:("the Fire of the Sky") and consider it as the "weapon of the deity" (
6117:
6025:
5278:
5237:
5072:
5029:
5007:
4918:
4869:
4727:
4677:
4542:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4422:
4353:
4306:
4266:
4142:(2009). "Elementët parahistorike në besimet e arbëreshëve të Zarës".
4114:. Vol. 1. Association of Heritage and Education. pp. 62–71.
4023:
Pipa, Arshi (1993). "Mythology of Albania". In Bonnefoy, Yves (ed.).
3881:(1973). "Die Mythologie der Albaner". In Hans Wilhelm Haussig (ed.).
2985:
2983:
2289:
2056:
1967:
1953:
1850:
1831:
1426:
1290:
1274:
1255:
1251:
914:
910:
878:
714:
was equated to the Illyrian fire god Enj rather than to the Illyrian
665:
318:
293:
189:
185:
151:
77:
evidently contained in the week day name that was dedicated to him –
5288:
5076:
3411:
2427:
2315:
2118:
1988:
1909:
1681:
5880:
5611:
5584:
5380:
5338:
5243:
5210:
5092:
5087:
5050:
5002:
4975:
4958:
4953:
4832:
4797:
4772:
4717:
4707:
4672:
4657:
4572:
4547:
4537:
4532:
4469:
4459:
4427:
4390:
4368:
4363:
4343:
4333:
4311:
4296:
4054:. Vol. 1. New York: MacMillan Publishing Co. pp. 178–180.
2814:
2420:
2414:
2007:
1983:
1884:
1874:
1751:
1550:
1411:
1402:
1397:
1363:
1294:
1225:
1196:
region before sunrise during major traditional festivities such as
1182:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
902:
775:
755:
669:
650:
639:
211:
In Albanian tradition Fire is deeply respected. To spit into it is
173:
88:
50:
6197:
5140:
5136:
4948:
2980:
2273:
2111:
1993:
1621:
1166:
1059:
978:
948:
798:
779:
132:
6167:
6092:
6082:
5910:
5741:
5557:
5528:
5370:
5323:
5308:
5266:
5215:
5175:
5124:
5012:
4913:
4879:
4859:
4842:
4828:
4737:
4682:
4662:
4449:
4417:
4412:
4402:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4301:
4286:
3913:
The Routledge Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Devils and Demons
3893:
The Routledge dictionary of gods and goddesses, devils and demons
3824:(in Albanian) (36). Instituti Albanologjik i Prishtinës: 349–361.
2408:
2285:
2205:
1978:
1845:
1781:
1756:
1727:
1722:
1631:
1602:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1466:
1373:
1293:
tribal area of what was referred in historical sources to as the
1279:
1247:
1212:
region and called "Spring ritual" has been described as follows:
1104:
906:
247:
204:
181:
116:
3870:
Albanische Märchen (und andere Texte zur albanischen Volkskunde)
3786:
Galaty, Michael; Lafe, Ols; Lee, Wayne; Tafilica, Zamir (2013).
1889:
1676:
6212:
6207:
6172:
6152:
6147:
6112:
6072:
5746:
5736:
5726:
5599:
5594:
5463:
5375:
5365:
5360:
5343:
5298:
5283:
5205:
5170:
5130:
5097:
5040:
5034:
4987:
4981:
4933:
4802:
4782:
4752:
4697:
4642:
4617:
4577:
4527:
4522:
4444:
4348:
3850:
Krasniqi, Shensi (2014). "Pilgrimages in mountains in Kosovo".
2513:
2402:
2310:
2280:
2263:
2186:
2158:
2003:
1928:
1894:
1796:
1732:
1574:
1193:
1138:
1107:
to celebrate the main traditional Albanian festivities such as
1040:("the Serpent of the Hearth"), a household benign serpent, and
1037:
646:
453:
250:
to celebrate the main traditional Albanian festivities such as
238:("the Serpent of the Hearth"), a household benign serpent, and
235:
184:
until recent times. Under Christianization the god of fire was
112:
4124:"Altheidnischer Volksglaube und Christianisierung in Albanien"
1009:); the members of a same tribe/clan are "from the same fire" (
6202:
6192:
6177:
6127:
6107:
6087:
6067:
5293:
5195:
5165:
5153:
5113:
5107:
4970:
4964:
4893:
4792:
4647:
4489:
3972:
The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective
3768:
A dictionary of Albanian religion, mythology and folk culture
3253:
3251:
3249:
3110:. Studies in Asian Art and Archaeology. Vol. 20. Brill.
2324:
2298:
2127:
1770:
1711:
1612:
1555:
1525:
1162:
765:
733:
708:
673:
570:
500:
417:
212:
96:
4235:
3087:
3085:
3083:
5751:
5256:
3015:
3013:
3000:
2998:
2933:
2931:
2493:
2488:
1505:
692:
677:
574:
566:
442:
70:
4112:
International Conference “Education and Cultural Heritage”
3399:
3246:
3151:
1302:
some plaques is held by two men (sometimes on two boats).
909:
until recent times. Under Christianization this deity was
3569:
3559:
3557:
3387:
3080:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
969:
937:
918:
653:) has been interpreted as a symbol of the fire god, Enji.
177:
4134:. Pontificium Institutum Orientalium Studiorum: 211–246.
3657:
Albania: Family, Society and Culture in the 20th century
3494:
3010:
2995:
2928:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2681:
41:
in the early 20th century. They are symbols of the Sun (
3597:
3484:
3482:
3215:, pp. 68–69, 135, 176–181, 249–261, 274–282, 327;
3184:
3182:
3068:
3041:
2841:
2663:, pp. 68–69, 135, 176–181, 249–261, 274–282, 327;
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
4162:
Storia di parole pagane e cristiane attraverso i tempi
3554:
3335:
3243:, pp. 68–69, 135, 176–181, 249–261, 274–282, 327.
3203:, pp. 68–69, 135, 176–181, 249–261, 274–282, 327.
2977:, pp. 68–69, 135, 176–181, 249–261, 274–282, 327.
2943:
2697:
596:, etc., "fire", is inherited from Proto-Indo-European
404:, 148, vv. 26, 89). In his Latin-Albanian dictionary (
3785:
3542:
3417:
3381:
3269:
3058:
3056:
2890:
2858:
2856:
2678:
2648:
2623:, pp. 68–69, 135, 176–181, 249–261, 274–282, 327
2537:
3754:
Some tribal origins, laws and customs of the Balkans
3479:
3467:
3455:
3179:
2549:
1208:
Another ritual practiced during Dita e Verës in the
3347:
2829:
1326:
448:of the original Greek text with the Albanian Ἒνετε
4024:
3053:
2853:
1036:Mythological figures protectors of the hearth are
885:Karl Treimer as the symbol of the fire god, Enji.
499:The names of week days in Albanian are calques of
207:, northern Albania. Drawn by Edith Durham in 1909.
1266:). An Albanian word to refer to the lightning is
1129:), or mountain pilgrimages, often accompanied by
901:The belief in a fire god, who was referred to as
272:), or mountain pilgrimages, often accompanied by
6276:
3974:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 202–222.
507:appears to be the Albanian translation of Latin
4027:American, African, and Old European mythologies
437:. In 1879 Albanian scholar and language master
203:Hearth fire lighting a dark room in a house of
4192:Arhiv za Arbanasku starinu, jezik i etnologiju
3822:Gjurmime Albanologjike - Folklor Dhe Etnologji
3642:Çabej, Eqrem (1966). "Albanische Volkskunde".
3624:Flamuri i Kombit Shqiptar: origjina, lashtësia
1016:
1010:
1004:
996:
990:
964:In Albanian tradition the fire of the hearth (
750:, although his name has been preserved in the
78:
6041:
4251:
3966:Olsen, Birgit Anette; Thorsø, Rasmus (2022).
3961:(4). Qendra e Studimeve Albanologjike: 29–54.
3792:. The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press.
2462:
925:narrated from a Christian point of view. The
891:dualistic struggle between light and darkness
853:dualistic struggle between light and darkness
489:e ègn'te, e énjite, e ente, e engjte, e ínjte
3929:
3169:
3137:. SUNY series in Hindu Studies. SUNY Press.
626:
4195:. Vol. I. R. Trofenik. pp. 27–33.
4118:
3965:
3885:(in German). Vol. 2. pp. 455–509.
3325:
3305:
3157:
2804:
2784:
976:), which is symbolized by the fire hearth (
6048:
6034:
4258:
4244:
4170:Tirta, Mark (2004). Petrit Bezhani (ed.).
4158:
3103:
3091:
2580:
2469:
2455:
766:Albanian fire worship, cult, and practices
547:-adjective presumably descending from the
4138:
3979:
3650:
3449:
3405:
3373:
2922:
2882:
2640:
1054:determining the placement of a house plot
932:
288:– traditionally kindled with rudimentary
99:in Albanian tradition, with the power to
37:patterns from northern Albania, drawn by
4223:
4058:
3877:
3866:
3849:
3563:
3512:
3329:
3321:
3309:
3216:
3074:
3047:
2823:
2808:
2788:
2780:
2756:
2728:
2712:
2691:
2664:
1222:Oj e zonja shpisë a e qite renin e flisë
1098:
1047:
968:) is deified, and it is regarded as the
941:
905:("the blind one"), survived in northern
630:
523:may have been seen as the equivalent of
198:
29:
4188:
4049:
3750:
3726:
3441:
3365:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3257:
3236:
3220:
2970:
2958:
2914:
2874:
2760:
2752:
2732:
2724:
2668:
2632:
2616:
2584:
2568:
2543:
1237:
1071:Traditionally kindled with rudimentary
14:
6277:
6055:
3910:
3889:
3820:[Albanian Traditional Cults].
3659:. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 79–95.
3620:
3603:
3587:
3301:
3188:
3130:
3035:
2800:
2736:
2592:
938:Sun's offspring and tribe's continuity
369:. Compounds of the divine name En are
6029:
4239:
4174:(in Albanian). Tirana: Mësonjëtorja.
4169:
4085:
3940:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture
3806:
3761:
3641:
3591:
3575:
3536:
3532:
3520:
3516:
3500:
3488:
3473:
3461:
3433:
3429:
3393:
3377:
3369:
3353:
3341:
3277:
3273:
3240:
3212:
3200:
3031:
3019:
3004:
2989:
2974:
2937:
2906:
2902:
2886:
2878:
2740:
2660:
2644:
2636:
2620:
2600:
896:
64:
4199:
4109:
4022:
3998:
3956:
3828:
3815:
3717:
3673:
3548:
3445:
3437:
3224:
3173:
3062:
2918:
2910:
2862:
2847:
2835:
2768:
2764:
2672:
2612:
2596:
2588:
4069:Albanological Institute of Pristina
3915:. Routledge, Taylor & Francis.
1015:). The fire burns into the hearth (
543:('Thursday') is considered to be a
24:
1192:A typical ritual practiced in the
467:variations of "Thursday" include:
25:
6316:
5951:Prehistory of Southeastern Europe
429:recorded two old Albanian terms:
6259:
6258:
6010:
6009:
4005:Albanian etymological dictionary
3104:Srinivasan, Doris Meth (2024) .
1325:
840:
829:
746:, En would have been demoted to
308:
4128:Orientalia Christiana Periodica
4065:Opoja and Gora During Centuries
3627:. Enti Botues "Gjergj Fishta".
3613:
3581:
3526:
3506:
3423:
3359:
3315:
3295:
3263:
3230:
3206:
3163:
3124:
3097:
3025:
2964:
2896:
2868:
2794:
2774:
2746:
2211:Reconciliation Movement in 1990
1066:
805:, and the cult of fertility in
680:, and descending from the stem
416:as the Albanian translation of
139:, and the cult of fertility in
5524:Albanian traditional tattooing
5411:Central Bosnian cultural group
3818:"Kulte tradicionale shqiptare"
2718:
2654:
2626:
2606:
2574:
2082:Kanun (Albanian customary law)
1228:they are washed on the ashes.
1044:("the Mother of the Hearth").
425:. In 1820, the French scholar
406:Dictionarium latino-epiroticum
242:("the Mother of the Hearth").
13:
1:
5715:Battle of Dyrrhachium (48 BC)
4265:
4206:Indo-European Poetry and Myth
3867:Lambertz, Maximilian (1922).
2992:, pp. 75, 113, 116, 250.
1250:for his struggle against the
956:, northern Albania, drawn by
377:containing the Albanian term
4052:The Encyclopedia of Religion
3970:. In Olander, Thomas (ed.).
3695:10.5771/0257-9774-2005-2-449
3324:, pp. 47, 49, 145–146;
2783:, pp. 47, 49, 145–146;
2530:
820:
813:. Calendar fires (Albanian:
494:
119:, including calendar fires,
103:, give strength to the Sun (
7:
5643:Alexander's Balkan campaign
5638:Illyrian invasion of Epirus
4209:. Oxford University Press.
4059:Qafleshi, Muharrem (2011).
4033:University of Chicago Press
3312:, pp. 47, 49, 145–146.
3131:Mahony, William K. (1998).
2826:, pp. 47, 49, 145–146.
2811:, pp. 47, 49, 145–146.
2192:Albanian National Awakening
1305:
797:), the cult of the hearth (
672:named Enji, related to the
604:IE group, it is cognate to
600:"warm". Notably within the
392:recorded the Albanian term
131:), the cult of the hearth (
35:Albanian traditional tattoo
10:
6321:
4159:Tagliavini, Carlo (1963).
4061:Opoja dhe Gora ndër shekuj
3771:. NYU Press. p. 259.
3651:De Rapper, Gilles (2012).
2525:
2504:Nymphaion (fire sanctuary)
1264:arma/shtiza/pushka e zotit
769:
456:with the Albanian Μερκούρ
321:in southern Italy such as
107:, who is worshiped as the
101:ward off evil and darkness
6254:
6231:
6063:
6000:
5963:
5921:
5803:
5780:
5624:
5543:
5401:
4878:
4821:
4500:
4277:
4273:
4172:Mitologjia ndër shqiptarë
3981:10.1017/9781108758666.012
3883:Wörterbuch der Mythologie
3519:, pp. 75, 113, 116;
881:) have been explained by
627:Historical reconstruction
620:
609:
511:('Day of Jove'), the god
6078:Constantin and Doruntinë
4224:Yochalas, Titos (1980).
4146:(in Albanian): 505–509.
3911:Lurker, Manfred (2005).
3890:Lurker, Manfred (2004).
3170:Mallory & Adams 1997
1289:, which belonged to the
75:Albanian pagan mythology
5934:Origin of the Albanians
5655:Dardanian–Bastarnic war
4165:. Brescia: Morcelliana.
3751:Durham, Edith (1928b).
3676:"Mythology and Destiny"
3158:Olsen & Thorsø 2022
2197:Albanian revolt of 1911
893:in Albanian mythology.
718:, thought to have been
649:. The cross (including
488:
480:
472:
439:Kostandin Kristoforidhi
303:
180:, survived in northern
6305:Paleo-Balkan mythology
6246:Paleo-Balkan mythology
5946:History of the Balkans
5660:Invasions of Epidamnus
5545:Religion and mythology
3816:Hysi, Shyqyri (2006).
1218:
1075:tools and techniques,
1034:
1017:
1011:
1005:
997:
991:
961:
933:Ritual and hearth Fire
742:). With the coming of
654:
636:Paleo-Balkan tattooing
396:for the observance of
373:"En, the famous", and
361:, and the short forms
349:, and with the suffix
208:
79:
54:
5670:Roman-Macedonian wars
5436:Glasinac-Mati culture
5073:Dyrrhachium/Epidamnus
4668:Glaucias of Taulantii
4638:Eleutherius and Antia
4603:Constantine the Great
4140:Stipčević, Aleksandar
3943:, London: Routledge,
3807:Gjoni, Irena (2012).
3674:Doja, Albert (2005).
3621:Brahaj, Jaho (2007).
3523:, pp. 62, 85–86.
3372:, pp. 176, 410;
3280:, pp. 181, 244;
2881:, pp. 176, 410;
2639:, pp. 176, 410;
2437:Traditional tattooing
1232:Sacrificial offerings
1214:
1099:In traditional feasts
1048:House plot determiner
1029:
945:
873:) and from the Moon (
634:
386:Speculum Confessionis
217:Albanian solemn oaths
202:
121:sacrificial offerings
69:) is the name of the
33:
5705:Roman–Dalmatian wars
5446:Monte Saraceno woman
4513:Anastasius I Dicorus
4230:. Academy of Greece.
3879:Lambertz, Maximilian
3578:, pp. 177, 179.
3448:, pp. 127–128;
3440:, pp. 449–462;
3432:, pp. 152–156;
3396:, pp. 176, 410.
3328:, pp. 216–217;
3308:, pp. 216–217;
3272:, pp. 155–157;
3223:, pp. 178–179;
3034:, pp. 82, 309;
2921:, pp. 127–128;
2913:, pp. 449–462;
2905:, pp. 152–156;
2807:, pp. 216–217;
2787:, pp. 216–217;
2671:, pp. 178–179;
1541:Highlands of Gjakova
1238:Lightning and storms
427:François Pouqueville
5793:Proposed vocabulary
5441:Gradistë belt-plate
4743:Peter the Patrician
4693:Irenaeus of Sirmium
4628:Demetrius of Pharos
4608:Constantius Chlorus
4563:Bato the Daesitiate
3736:. LO Beacon Press.
3594:, pp. 82, 309.
3503:, pp. 279–280.
3332:, pp. 505–506.
3292:, pp. 120–125.
3260:, pp. 102–106.
3227:, pp. 349–361.
3022:, pp. 82, 406.
3007:, pp. 279–281.
2940:, pp. 176–181.
2850:, pp. 349–361.
2791:, pp. 505–506.
2675:, pp. 349–361.
2619:, pp. 178–179
2152:Bukë, Kripë e Zemër
1313:Part of a series on
707:. In this view the
703:were formed in the
689:Proto-Indo-European
563:Proto-Indo-European
555:, ultimately from *
325:, interpreted as a
49:); the cross (also
6290:Albanian mythology
6241:Illyrian mythology
6123:Little Constantine
6057:Albanian mythology
5710:Caesar's civil war
5344:Tragurion (Trogir)
4944:Aspalathos (Split)
4885:cities/settlements
4822:Political entities
4688:Gratianus Funarius
4120:Stadtmüller, Georg
3873:. Wien: A. Hölder.
3644:Südost-Forschungen
3590:, pp. 16–18;
3418:Galaty et al. 2013
3382:Galaty et al. 2013
3376:, pp. 14–15;
3276:, pp. 68–82;
3270:Galaty et al. 2013
2891:Galaty et al. 2013
2885:, pp. 14–15;
2649:Galaty et al. 2013
2643:, pp. 14–15;
1442:Dukagjin highlands
1336:Tribes and regions
962:
923:a traditional tale
897:Prominent fire god
655:
584:The Albanian term
485:Arbëreshë Albanian
209:
55:
6285:Albanian paganism
6272:
6271:
6183:Tale of the Eagle
6023:
6022:
5959:
5958:
5939:Albanian paganism
5906:Pannonia Superior
5886:Pannonia Inferior
5813:Illyrian emperors
5665:Illyro-Roman Wars
5112:Iader or Idassa (
4723:Marcellinus Comes
4558:Bato the Breucian
4518:Artas of Messapia
4078:978-9951-596-51-0
4015:978-90-04-11024-3
3959:Kultura Popullore
3950:978-1-884964-98-5
3935:Adams, Douglas Q.
3931:Mallory, James P.
3903:978-0-415-34018-2
3842:978-90-272-6818-1
3778:978-1-85065-570-1
3743:978-0-8070-7035-2
3606:, pp. 16–18.
3551:, pp. 64–65.
3539:, pp. 81–87.
3408:, pp. 14–15.
3344:, pp. 90–91.
3038:, pp. 16–18.
2499:Illyrian religion
2484:Albanian paganism
2479:
2478:
2444:
2443:
2343:Kângë Kreshnikësh
2219:
2218:
2167:
2166:
2087:
2086:
2065:
2064:
1187:animal sacrifices
1131:animal sacrifices
913:and considered a
752:Albanian language
705:Albanian language
697:Illyrian pantheon
521:Albanian pantheon
394:tegnietenee madhe
274:animal sacrifices
188:and considered a
27:Albanian fire god
16:(Redirected from
6312:
6262:
6261:
6158:Princess Argjiro
6098:E Bukura e Dheut
6050:
6043:
6036:
6027:
6026:
6013:
6012:
5901:Pannonia Secunda
5506:Trebeništa masks
5486:Spectacle brooch
5329:Scodra (Shkodër)
5309:Scampa (Elbasan)
5025:Dardana Fortress
4894:Acruvium (Kotor)
4865:Illyrian kingdom
4275:
4274:
4260:
4253:
4246:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4220:
4196:
4185:
4166:
4155:
4135:
4115:
4106:
4082:
4055:
4046:
4030:
4019:
3995:
3983:
3962:
3953:
3926:
3907:
3886:
3874:
3863:
3846:
3825:
3812:
3803:
3782:
3758:
3747:
3723:
3714:
3680:
3670:
3647:
3638:
3607:
3601:
3595:
3585:
3579:
3573:
3567:
3561:
3552:
3546:
3540:
3530:
3524:
3515:, pp. 4–5;
3510:
3504:
3498:
3492:
3486:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3427:
3421:
3415:
3409:
3403:
3397:
3391:
3385:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3326:Stadtmüller 1954
3319:
3313:
3306:Stadtmüller 1954
3299:
3293:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3244:
3234:
3228:
3210:
3204:
3198:
3192:
3186:
3177:
3167:
3161:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3101:
3095:
3089:
3078:
3072:
3066:
3060:
3051:
3045:
3039:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3008:
3002:
2993:
2987:
2978:
2968:
2962:
2956:
2941:
2935:
2926:
2900:
2894:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2812:
2805:Stadtmüller 1954
2798:
2792:
2785:Stadtmüller 1954
2778:
2772:
2750:
2744:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2695:
2689:
2676:
2658:
2652:
2630:
2624:
2610:
2604:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2547:
2541:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2232:
2231:
2180:
2179:
2100:
2099:
2078:
2077:
1340:
1339:
1329:
1328:
1310:
1309:
1260:Zjarri i Qiellit
1123:winter festivals
1038:Gjarpri i Vatrës
1025:Rose Wilder Lane
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
994:
974:pjella e Diellit
952:) of a house of
883:Indo-Europeanist
844:
833:
811:animal husbandry
790:ritual practices
784:The cult of the
727:*dźie̅u ̊ *a(t)t
659:Indo-Europeanist
622:
611:
298:Zjarri i Qiellit
266:winter festivals
236:Gjarpri i Vatrës
155:theophoric names
145:animal husbandry
82:
68:
63:
45:) and the Moon (
21:
6320:
6319:
6315:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6310:
6309:
6275:
6274:
6273:
6268:
6250:
6227:
6059:
6054:
6024:
6019:
5996:
5983:Illyrian tribes
5955:
5917:
5876:Moesia Superior
5799:
5776:
5727:Desilo shipyard
5648:Siege of Pelium
5620:
5539:
5511:Vače Belt-Plate
5499:Selca e Poshtme
5397:
5314:Selcë e Poshtme
5103:Hedum castellum
5037:(Lower Neretva)
4899:Ad Acroceraunia
4882:
4874:
4817:
4598:Cleitus Dardani
4496:
4269:
4264:
4234:
4217:
4201:West, Morris L.
4182:
4103:
4087:Sarao, K. T. S.
4079:
4043:
4016:
3992:
3951:
3923:
3904:
3843:
3800:
3779:
3744:
3678:
3667:
3635:
3616:
3611:
3610:
3602:
3598:
3586:
3582:
3574:
3570:
3562:
3555:
3547:
3543:
3531:
3527:
3511:
3507:
3499:
3495:
3487:
3480:
3472:
3468:
3460:
3456:
3444:, p. 179;
3436:, p. 260;
3428:
3424:
3416:
3412:
3404:
3400:
3392:
3388:
3368:, p. 179;
3364:
3360:
3352:
3348:
3340:
3336:
3320:
3316:
3304:, p. 197;
3300:
3296:
3284:, p. 178;
3268:
3264:
3256:
3247:
3239:, p. 179;
3235:
3231:
3211:
3207:
3199:
3195:
3187:
3180:
3172:, p. 203;
3168:
3164:
3156:
3152:
3145:
3129:
3125:
3118:
3102:
3098:
3092:Tagliavini 1963
3090:
3081:
3073:
3069:
3061:
3054:
3046:
3042:
3030:
3026:
3018:
3011:
3003:
2996:
2988:
2981:
2973:, p. 179;
2969:
2965:
2957:
2944:
2936:
2929:
2917:, p. 179;
2909:, p. 260;
2901:
2897:
2877:, p. 179;
2873:
2869:
2861:
2854:
2846:
2842:
2834:
2830:
2822:
2815:
2803:, p. 197;
2799:
2795:
2779:
2775:
2763:, p. 178;
2759:, p. 476;
2751:
2747:
2735:, p. 178;
2731:, p. 476;
2723:
2719:
2711:
2698:
2690:
2679:
2659:
2655:
2635:, p. 179;
2631:
2627:
2615:, p. 253;
2611:
2607:
2599:, p. 113;
2583:, p. 103;
2581:Tagliavini 1963
2579:
2575:
2567:
2550:
2542:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2475:
2446:
2445:
2433:
2382:
2353:
2349:Kângë majekrahi
2229:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2206:Kachak movement
2201:
2177:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2142:
2097:
2089:
2088:
2075:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2042:
1998:
1958:
1938:
1914:
1855:
1841:
1816:
1791:
1761:
1742:
1705:
1696:
1650:
1636:
1617:
1584:
1570:
1535:
1500:
1471:
1436:
1407:
1378:
1344:Malësia e Madhe
1337:
1319:Albanian tribes
1308:
1240:
1175:Maja e Hekurave
1127:winter solstice
1101:
1093:Zjarri i Gjallë
1077:Zjarri i Gjallë
1069:
1050:
984:zjarri i vatrës
979:vatra e zjarrit
966:zjarri i vatrës
940:
935:
927:purifying power
899:
859:
858:
857:
856:
847:
846:
845:
836:
835:
834:
823:
815:zjarret e vitit
782:
768:
738:
629:
602:Palaeo-Balkanic
497:
398:Maundy Thursday
327:theophoric name
311:
306:
278:Zjarri i Gjallë
270:winter solstice
244:Zjarret e Vitit
222:Zjarri i Vatrës
194:purifying power
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6318:
6308:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6266:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6249:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6232:
6229:
6228:
6226:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6064:
6061:
6060:
6053:
6052:
6045:
6038:
6030:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6017:
6007:
6001:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5994:
5989:
5988:
5987:
5986:
5985:
5969:
5967:
5961:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5942:
5941:
5931:
5925:
5923:
5919:
5918:
5916:
5915:
5914:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5896:Pannonia Savia
5893:
5891:Pannonia Prima
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5845:
5844:
5843:
5835:
5834:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5815:
5809:
5807:
5801:
5800:
5798:
5797:
5796:
5795:
5784:
5782:
5778:
5777:
5775:
5774:
5773:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5718:
5717:
5707:
5702:
5701:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5651:
5650:
5640:
5634:
5632:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5603:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5576:
5575:
5565:
5560:
5549:
5547:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5531:
5526:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5502:
5501:
5496:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5407:
5405:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5395:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5171:Mursa (Osijek)
5168:
5163:
5156:
5151:
5144:
5134:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5070:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4890:
4888:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4840:
4835:
4825:
4823:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4813:Valentinian II
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4613:Constantius II
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4441:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4388:
4378:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4283:
4281:
4271:
4270:
4263:
4262:
4255:
4248:
4240:
4233:
4232:
4221:
4216:978-0199280759
4215:
4197:
4186:
4180:
4167:
4156:
4136:
4116:
4107:
4101:
4095:. Bloomsbury.
4083:
4077:
4056:
4047:
4041:
4020:
4014:
4000:Orel, Vladimir
3996:
3990:
3963:
3954:
3949:
3927:
3921:
3908:
3902:
3887:
3875:
3864:
3847:
3841:
3826:
3813:
3804:
3799:978-1931745710
3798:
3783:
3777:
3759:
3748:
3742:
3724:
3715:
3689:(2): 449–462.
3671:
3665:
3648:
3646:(25): 333–387.
3639:
3633:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3596:
3580:
3568:
3553:
3541:
3535:, p. 75;
3525:
3505:
3493:
3491:, p. 338.
3478:
3476:, p. 337.
3466:
3464:, p. 336.
3454:
3452:, p. 507.
3450:Stipčević 2009
3422:
3420:, p. 161.
3410:
3406:De Rapper 2012
3398:
3386:
3384:, p. 161.
3380:, p. 90;
3374:De Rapper 2012
3358:
3346:
3334:
3314:
3294:
3288:, p. 51;
3262:
3245:
3229:
3219:, p. 49;
3205:
3193:
3178:
3162:
3160:, p. 217.
3150:
3143:
3123:
3116:
3096:
3094:, p. 103.
3079:
3077:, p. 477.
3067:
3052:
3050:, p. 417.
3040:
3024:
3009:
2994:
2979:
2963:
2961:, p. 179.
2942:
2927:
2925:, p. 507.
2923:Stipčević 2009
2895:
2893:, p. 161.
2889:, p. 90;
2883:De Rapper 2012
2867:
2852:
2840:
2838:, p. 253.
2828:
2813:
2793:
2773:
2771:, p. 113.
2767:, p. 88;
2755:, p. 32;
2745:
2739:, p. 57;
2727:, p. 32;
2717:
2715:, p. 476.
2696:
2677:
2667:, p. 49;
2653:
2651:, p. 161.
2647:, p. 90;
2641:De Rapper 2012
2625:
2605:
2595:, p. 57;
2591:, p. 88;
2587:, p. 32;
2573:
2548:
2546:, p. 122.
2535:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2432:
2431:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2292:
2283:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2235:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2183:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2103:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:Old Montenegro
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1822:Albania Veneta
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1322:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1304:
1239:
1236:
1113:spring equinox
1100:
1097:
1068:
1065:
1049:
1046:
972:'s offspring (
939:
936:
934:
931:
898:
895:
849:
848:
839:
838:
837:
828:
827:
826:
825:
824:
822:
819:
767:
764:
748:demonic status
736:
729:(a cognate of
724:Proto-Albanian
643:funerary stele
638:on 610-550 BC
628:
625:
579:Vedic religion
561:, the archaic
549:Proto-Albanian
496:
493:
473:e êjte, e ẽjtë
454:Hermes / Ἑρμῆν
310:
307:
305:
302:
256:spring equinox
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6317:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6295:Illyrian gods
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6265:
6257:
6256:
6253:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6233:
6230:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6065:
6062:
6058:
6051:
6046:
6044:
6039:
6037:
6032:
6031:
6028:
6016:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6002:
5999:
5993:
5990:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5979:
5976:
5975:
5974:
5971:
5970:
5968:
5966:
5962:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5940:
5937:
5936:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5924:
5920:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5806:
5802:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5779:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5757:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5716:
5713:
5712:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5678:Erigon Valley
5676:
5675:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5633:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5617:
5616:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5574:
5571:
5570:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5542:
5536:
5535:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5421:Daunian stele
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5393:
5389:
5388:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5351:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5251:
5246:
5245:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5191:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5149:
5145:
5142:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5115:
5111:
5109:
5108:Hija e Korbit
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5078:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5068:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5019:
5018:Lower Neretva
5016:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4966:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4881:
4877:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4820:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4808:Valentinian I
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4768:Pleuratus III
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4499:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4261:
4256:
4254:
4249:
4247:
4242:
4241:
4238:
4229:
4228:
4222:
4218:
4212:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4193:
4187:
4183:
4181:99927-938-9-9
4177:
4173:
4168:
4164:
4163:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4130:(in German).
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4108:
4104:
4102:9789354350986
4098:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4057:
4053:
4048:
4044:
4042:0-226-06457-3
4038:
4034:
4029:
4028:
4021:
4017:
4011:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3991:9781108758666
3987:
3982:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3964:
3960:
3955:
3952:
3946:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3922:0-203-64351-8
3918:
3914:
3909:
3905:
3899:
3896:. Routledge.
3895:
3894:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3871:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3848:
3844:
3838:
3834:
3833:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3814:
3810:
3805:
3801:
3795:
3791:
3790:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3763:Elsie, Robert
3760:
3756:
3755:
3749:
3745:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3728:Durham, Edith
3725:
3722:(1): 127–144.
3721:
3720:Thesis Kosova
3716:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3666:9783643501448
3662:
3658:
3654:
3649:
3645:
3640:
3636:
3634:9789994338849
3630:
3626:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3605:
3600:
3593:
3589:
3584:
3577:
3572:
3566:, p. 50.
3565:
3564:Qafleshi 2011
3560:
3558:
3550:
3545:
3538:
3534:
3529:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3513:Krasniqi 2014
3509:
3502:
3497:
3490:
3485:
3483:
3475:
3470:
3463:
3458:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3426:
3419:
3414:
3407:
3402:
3395:
3390:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3362:
3356:, p. 91.
3355:
3350:
3343:
3338:
3331:
3330:Lambertz 1973
3327:
3323:
3322:Lambertz 1922
3318:
3311:
3310:Lambertz 1922
3307:
3303:
3298:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3266:
3259:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3242:
3238:
3233:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3217:Qafleshi 2011
3214:
3209:
3202:
3197:
3191:, p. 57.
3190:
3185:
3183:
3176:, p. 266
3175:
3171:
3166:
3159:
3154:
3146:
3144:9780791435809
3140:
3136:
3135:
3127:
3119:
3117:9789004644977
3113:
3109:
3108:
3100:
3093:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3076:
3075:Lambertz 1973
3071:
3065:, p. 88.
3064:
3059:
3057:
3049:
3048:Yochalas 1980
3044:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3021:
3016:
3014:
3006:
3001:
2999:
2991:
2986:
2984:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2960:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2939:
2934:
2932:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2865:, p. 29.
2864:
2859:
2857:
2849:
2844:
2837:
2832:
2825:
2824:Lambertz 1922
2820:
2818:
2810:
2809:Lambertz 1922
2806:
2802:
2797:
2790:
2789:Lambertz 1973
2786:
2782:
2781:Lambertz 1922
2777:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2757:Lambertz 1973
2754:
2749:
2743:, p. 13.
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2729:Lambertz 1973
2726:
2721:
2714:
2713:Lambertz 1973
2709:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2694:, p. 49.
2693:
2692:Qafleshi 2011
2688:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2665:Qafleshi 2011
2662:
2657:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2629:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2577:
2571:, p. 32.
2570:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2545:
2540:
2536:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2472:
2467:
2465:
2460:
2458:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2368:Sworn virgins
2366:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2225:
2224:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2173:
2172:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2093:
2092:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2071:
2070:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1333:
1332:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1278:, an ancient
1277:
1276:
1272:, related to
1271:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1081:Zjarri i Egër
1078:
1074:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1045:
1043:
1042:Nëna e Vatrës
1039:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1013:
1012:pe një zjarri
1007:
1001:
1000:
993:
987:
985:
981:
980:
975:
971:
967:
959:
955:
951:
950:
944:
930:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
894:
892:
886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
867:
863:
854:
843:
832:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
791:
788:and the fire
787:
781:
777:
773:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
740:
732:
728:
725:
721:
717:
713:
710:
706:
702:
701:weekday names
698:
694:
690:
686:
685:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
660:
657:According to
652:
648:
644:
641:
637:
633:
624:
618:
614:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
582:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
559:
554:
550:
546:
542:
541:
536:
531:
529:
526:
522:
519:of the early
518:
514:
510:
506:
503:names. Since
502:
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
477:Tosk Albanian
474:
470:
469:Gheg Albanian
466:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
445:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
423:
419:
415:
414:dita ehegnete
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
309:Documentation
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
282:Zjarri i Egër
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
262:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
240:Nëna e Vatrës
237:
233:
232:
228:
223:
218:
214:
206:
201:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
168:
164:
160:
156:
153:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
91:. The Fire –
90:
86:
81:
76:
72:
67:
66:[ɛɲi]
59:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
6235:
6163:Shtojzovalle
6133:Miro Tërbaçe
5837:Prefectures
5805:Roman period
5722:Batonian War
5494:Boka-Përçeva
5385:
5348:
5271:
5248:
5242:
5225:
5158:
5146:
5129:
5065:
4980:
4963:
4778:Scerdilaidas
4763:Pleuratus II
4568:Bato Dardani
4226:
4205:
4191:
4171:
4161:
4143:
4131:
4127:
4111:
4091:
4064:
4060:
4051:
4026:
4004:
3971:
3958:
3939:
3912:
3892:
3882:
3869:
3851:
3831:
3821:
3808:
3788:
3767:
3753:
3733:High Albania
3732:
3719:
3686:
3682:
3656:
3643:
3623:
3614:Bibliography
3599:
3583:
3571:
3544:
3528:
3508:
3496:
3469:
3457:
3442:Poghirc 1987
3425:
3413:
3401:
3389:
3366:Poghirc 1987
3361:
3349:
3337:
3317:
3297:
3290:Durham 1928b
3286:Durham 1928a
3282:Poghirc 1987
3265:
3258:Durham 1928b
3237:Poghirc 1987
3232:
3221:Poghirc 1987
3208:
3196:
3165:
3153:
3133:
3126:
3106:
3099:
3070:
3043:
3027:
2971:Poghirc 1987
2966:
2959:Poghirc 1987
2915:Poghirc 1987
2898:
2875:Poghirc 1987
2870:
2843:
2831:
2796:
2776:
2761:Poghirc 1987
2753:Treimer 1971
2748:
2733:Poghirc 1987
2725:Treimer 1971
2720:
2669:Poghirc 1987
2656:
2633:Poghirc 1987
2628:
2617:Poghirc 1987
2608:
2603:, p. 13
2585:Treimer 1971
2576:
2569:Treimer 1971
2544:Durham 1928b
2539:
2519:Zojz (deity)
2424:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2311:Gjamë/Vajtim
1589:Puka-Mirdita
1299:tree of life
1287:Lake Shkodra
1284:
1273:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1245:
1241:
1230:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1200:(Verëza) or
1198:Dita e Verës
1191:
1135:
1116:
1109:Dita e Verës
1102:
1092:
1089:
1085:Zjarri i Keq
1084:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1067:Purification
1058:
1051:
1035:
1030:
1023:
988:
983:
977:
973:
965:
963:
958:Edith Durham
947:
900:
887:
866:Thethi–Shala
862:Edith Durham
860:
814:
783:
759:
754:to refer to
744:Christianity
734:
726:
711:
681:
668:worshiped a
662:Karl Treimer
656:
612:
597:
593:
589:
585:
583:
556:
552:
544:
538:
532:
516:
512:
508:
504:
498:
462:
457:
449:
443:
434:
430:
421:
413:
410:Frang Bardhi
405:
401:
393:
385:
384:In his work
383:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
322:
312:
297:
286:Zjarri i Keq
285:
281:
277:
259:
252:Dita e Verës
243:
230:
226:
221:
210:
167:interpreting
162:
149:
125:purification
109:god of light
92:
57:
56:
39:Edith Durham
5992:Settlements
5861:Epirus Nova
5516:Vače Situla
5392:Albanopolis
5257:Pola (Pula)
5160:Matohasanaj
4998:Chrysondyon
4924:Antipatreia
4909:Albanopolis
4758:Pleuratus I
4713:Justinian I
4588:Caravantius
4553:Bardylis II
4359:Daesitiates
4319:Atintanians
3604:Brahaj 2007
3588:Brahaj 2007
3302:Lurker 2004
3189:Lurker 2005
3036:Brahaj 2007
2801:Lurker 2004
2737:Lurker 2005
2593:Lurker 2005
2362:Sword dance
2321:Epic poetry
2147:Hospitality
1964:Herzegovina
1202:Shëngjergji
1163:Mount Krujë
1118:Shëngjergji
1073:fire making
1052:Proofs for
946:Fireplace (
807:agriculture
786:mystic fire
441:translated
435:e en-gnitia
390:Pjetër Budi
290:fire making
261:Shëngjergji
141:agriculture
73:god in the
6279:Categories
5929:Illyrology
5847:Provinces
5568:Deipaturos
5520:Tattooing
5481:Soleto Map
5319:Sesarethus
4976:Brundisium
4904:Ad Quintum
4870:Taulantian
4855:Dassaretan
4838:Autariatan
4633:Diocletian
4455:Osseriates
4398:Dassaretii
4344:Bassanitae
4339:Baridustae
4324:Autariatae
3968:"Armenian"
3592:Tirta 2004
3576:Tirta 2004
3537:Gjoni 2012
3533:Tirta 2004
3521:Gjoni 2012
3517:Tirta 2004
3501:Tirta 2004
3489:Tirta 2004
3474:Tirta 2004
3462:Tirta 2004
3434:Elsie 2001
3430:Tirta 2004
3394:Tirta 2004
3378:Gjoni 2012
3370:Tirta 2004
3354:Gjoni 2012
3342:Gjoni 2012
3278:Elsie 2001
3274:Tirta 2004
3241:Tirta 2004
3213:Tirta 2004
3201:Tirta 2004
3032:Tirta 2004
3020:Tirta 2004
3005:Tirta 2004
2990:Tirta 2004
2975:Tirta 2004
2938:Tirta 2004
2907:Elsie 2001
2903:Tirta 2004
2887:Gjoni 2012
2879:Tirta 2004
2741:Sarao 2021
2661:Tirta 2004
2645:Gjoni 2012
2637:Tirta 2004
2621:Tirta 2004
2601:Sarao 2021
2397:Fustanella
2138:Gjakmarrja
2033:Malakasioi
2023:Kurveleshi
1970:hinterland
1924:Palabardhi
1880:Bratonishi
1710:Zadrimë -
1171:Këndrevicë
801:) and the
770:See also:
716:Sky father
712:Jovis dies
691:divinised
598:*gʷʰermno-
565:word for '
509:Iovis diem
422:dies Iovis
135:) and the
18:En (deity)
6300:Fire gods
6188:The Twins
6118:Kulshedra
5871:Macedonia
5866:Illyricum
5841:Illyricum
5831:Macedonia
5826:Illyricum
5817:Dioceses
5683:Lyncestis
5607:Nymphaion
5474:Peucetian
5469:Messapian
5426:Education
5387:Zgërdhesh
5262:Poslishte
5238:Pituntium
5154:Lychnidus
5030:Delminium
5008:Damastion
4929:Apollonia
4919:Andetrium
4880:Geography
4860:Enchelean
4843:Dardanian
4728:Monounios
4678:Grabos II
4653:Flavianus
4543:Baraliris
4485:Taulantii
4480:Siculotae
4475:Sardiatae
4423:Iapygians
4354:Bylliones
4307:Docleatai
4267:Illyrians
4152:2073-2244
4008:. Brill.
3860:2183-3184
3730:(1928a).
3711:115147696
3683:Anthropos
3549:Sela 2017
3446:Doli 2009
3438:Doja 2005
3225:Hysi 2006
3174:West 2007
3063:Orel 1998
2919:Doli 2009
2911:Doja 2005
2863:Muka 1984
2848:Hysi 2006
2836:Pipa 1993
2769:Koch 2015
2765:Orel 1998
2673:Hysi 2006
2613:Pipa 1993
2597:Koch 2015
2589:Orel 1998
2531:Citations
2290:Kulshedra
2057:Souliotes
1954:Goljemadi
1900:Malonšići
1851:Kakarriqi
1832:Pamalioti
1773:highlands
1714:highlands
1701:Kastrioti
1646:Dukagjini
1427:Lepuroshi
1275:rhomphaia
1256:lightning
1252:kulshedra
1179:Shëndelli
1153:, Rumia,
915:false god
911:demonized
879:swastikas
821:Symbolism
735:*Dyḗus ph
695:. In the
684:H₁n̥gʷnis
676:fire god
666:Illyrians
577:, who in
573:fire god
558:h₁n̥gʷnis
495:Etymology
465:dialectal
431:e igniete
412:recorded
408:, 1635),
375:Malennius
347:Enicenius
294:lightning
190:false god
186:demonized
161:spelling
157:with the
87:word for
62:Albanian:
6264:Category
6236:See also
6015:Category
6005:Timeline
5881:Pannonia
5856:Delmatia
5851:Dardania
5788:Illyrian
5781:Language
5698:Phoenice
5674:Battles
5630:weaponry
5612:Swastika
5585:Medaurus
5553:Religion
5455:Pottery
5381:Vendenis
5366:Ulkinium
5339:Tilurium
5334:Thronion
5244:Pogradec
5227:Persqopi
5211:Palaeste
5093:Eugenium
5088:Epicaria
5083:Enkelana
5051:Doracium
5003:Creonion
4959:Bassania
4954:Bargulum
4833:Labeatan
4829:Ardiaean
4798:Triteuta
4773:Pleurias
4733:Monunius
4718:Longarus
4708:Justin I
4673:Grabos I
4658:Galaurus
4573:Bircenna
4548:Bardylis
4538:Ballaios
4533:Aurelian
4470:Pirustae
4465:Penestae
4460:Parthini
4403:Enchelei
4391:Thuantai
4369:Tariotes
4364:Dalmatae
4334:Balaites
4312:Labeatae
4297:Amantini
4203:(2007).
4122:(1954).
4089:(2021).
4002:(1998).
3937:(1997),
3765:(2001).
3703:40466549
2421:Xhubleta
2415:Xhamadan
2387:Clothing
2239:Paganism
2096:Concepts
2074:Law code
2052:Zenevisi
2038:Mazaraki
2008:Chameria
1984:Mataruga
1905:Mataguzi
1885:Bytadosi
1875:Bukumiri
1752:Kryezezi
1551:Krasniqi
1476:Dushmani
1412:Gruemiri
1398:Marsheni
1383:Kastrati
1364:Kelmendi
1306:See also
1295:Labeatae
1291:Illyrian
1226:evil eye
1183:bonfires
1167:Shelbuem
1159:Shkëlzen
1155:Koritnik
1151:Gjallicë
1143:Pashtrik
960:in 1909.
903:I Verbti
803:ancestor
776:I Verbti
756:Thursday
670:fire god
651:swastika
617:Armenian
535:Albanian
315:Messapia
174:I Verbti
152:Illyrian
137:ancestor
115:and the
89:Thursday
85:Albanian
51:swastika
6168:Shtriga
6143:Perëndi
6093:Drangue
6083:Dhampir
5911:Sirmium
5756:Sieges
5742:Liburna
5626:Warfare
5590:Perëndi
5558:Andinus
5529:Sicanje
5459:Daunian
5431:Fibulae
5416:Coinage
5403:Culture
5371:Ulpiana
5356:Tsangon
5350:Triport
5324:Setovia
5267:Promona
5216:Parthus
5181:Nikadin
5176:Nareste
5148:Lofkënd
5125:Kodrion
5056:Dresnik
5013:Daorson
4971:Bouthoe
4939:Arnissa
4914:Amantia
4848:Kingdom
4788:Tacitus
4738:Mytilos
4683:Gratian
4663:Gentius
4450:Narensi
4438:Peuceti
4433:Messapi
4418:Iapodes
4413:Grabaei
4386:Galabri
4381:Dardani
4302:Ardiaei
4292:Amantes
4067:].
2526:Sources
2509:Perëndi
2409:Qeleshe
2331:Çifteli
2286:Drangue
2228:Culture
2176:History
1979:Burmazi
1968:Ragusan
1846:Kryethi
1787:Gjonima
1782:Progani
1757:Manatia
1747:Bulgëri
1728:Bushati
1723:Zadrima
1632:Kabashi
1627:Qerreti
1603:Mirdita
1598:Berisha
1561:Mërturi
1496:Prekali
1491:Mazreku
1486:Mavriqi
1481:Toplana
1467:Shllaku
1388:Trieshi
1374:Rrjolli
1369:Shkreli
1280:polearm
1269:rrufeja
1248:drangue
1147:Lybeten
1105:sunrise
954:Shkreli
907:Albania
722:, from
640:Daunian
613:thermos
528:Jupiter
481:e enjtë
463:Modern
388:(1621)
371:Enoclia
359:Ennenia
319:Iapygia
248:sunrise
205:Mirdita
182:Albania
170:Jupiter
117:rituals
97:deified
80:e enjte
6213:Xhindi
6208:Vitore
6173:Shurdh
6153:Prende
6148:Perria
6113:Kukudh
6073:Bardha
5978:Tribes
5973:People
5770:Oricum
5765:Medion
5747:Sibyna
5737:Lembus
5732:Helmet
5693:Pharos
5600:Tomorr
5595:Prende
5563:Bindus
5490:Tombs
5464:Desilo
5451:Pileus
5376:Uscana
5361:Ugento
5304:Salvia
5299:Salona
5289:Romajë
5284:Rhizon
5279:Ragusa
5273:Rabije
5250:Castle
5221:Pelion
5206:Oricum
5186:Nikaia
5166:Meteon
5137:Lissus
5131:Kratul
5098:Gertus
5077:Durrës
5046:Doclea
5041:Dimale
5035:Desilo
4993:Chinna
4988:Byllis
4982:Bushat
4934:Arduba
4803:Valens
4783:Sirras
4753:Plator
4748:Pinnes
4703:Jovian
4698:Jerome
4643:Epulon
4618:Cynane
4578:Caeria
4528:Audata
4523:Astius
4501:People
4445:Mazaei
4376:Daorsi
4349:Breuci
4287:Albani
4279:Tribes
4213:
4178:
4150:
4099:
4075:
4039:
4012:
3988:
3947:
3919:
3900:
3858:
3839:
3796:
3775:
3740:
3709:
3701:
3663:
3631:
3141:
3114:
2514:Prende
2428:Çorape
2403:Opinga
2358:Dances
2337:Fyelli
2325:Lahutë
2316:Muranë
2281:Vitore
2269:Zjarri
2264:Prende
2254:Dielli
2249:Qielli
2187:Bajrak
2159:Honour
2119:Muranë
2107:Zjarri
2004:Epirus
1989:Španji
1929:Rogami
1910:Mugoša
1895:Macure
1837:Mahine
1812:Muzaka
1797:Myzeqe
1733:Renesi
1682:Arrëni
1655:Upper
1641:Selita
1613:Malziu
1580:Morina
1575:Bytyqi
1462:Shoshi
1185:, and
1139:Tomorr
1121:, the
871:Dielli
795:Dielli
778:, and
772:Dielli
760:enj-te
687:, the
647:Apulia
610:θερμός
553:*agni-
517:En(ni)
458:Merkur
452:, and
355:Eninna
343:Enicus
337:) are
323:Ennius
264:, the
163:En(n)-
129:Dielli
113:hearth
105:Dielli
93:Zjarri
83:– the
43:Dielli
6203:Verbt
6198:Vatër
6193:Tomor
6178:Stihi
6128:Ljubi
6108:Fatia
6088:Djall
6068:Baloz
5965:Lists
5922:Other
5821:Dacia
5688:Paxos
5294:Runik
5233:Petra
5196:Oneum
5141:Lezhë
5120:Kinna
5114:Zadar
5067:Dukat
5061:Duboc
4965:Berat
4949:Aulon
4793:Teuta
4648:Etuta
4623:Dando
4593:Celer
4583:Caius
4508:Agron
4490:Abroi
4428:Dauni
4408:Eneti
4329:Azali
4144:AKTET
4063:[
3707:S2CID
3699:JSTOR
3679:(PDF)
2373:Kulla
2299:Fatia
2274:Vatër
2128:Fatia
2112:Vatër
2047:Spata
2028:Losha
1994:Kriči
1934:Vasaj
1919:Pipri
1771:Kruja
1712:Lezha
1687:Dibra
1622:Thaçi
1566:Gashi
1556:Nikaj
1526:Xhani
1521:Plani
1457:Shala
1422:Lohja
1359:Gruda
1210:Korçë
1194:Opojë
1083:, or
1060:vatër
1018:vatër
1006:zjarr
949:votër
799:vatër
780:Vatër
709:Latin
674:Vedic
645:from
606:Greek
594:zjerm
590:zjarm
586:zjarr
571:Vedic
551:stem
540:enjte
537:term
525:Roman
505:enjte
501:Latin
450:Enete
446:/ Δία
418:Latin
339:Enica
284:, or
213:taboo
159:Latin
133:vatër
95:– is
6223:Zojz
6218:Zana
5760:Issa
5752:Sica
5628:and
5573:Zojz
5201:Oria
5190:Klos
4211:ISBN
4176:ISBN
4148:ISSN
4097:ISBN
4073:ISBN
4037:ISBN
4010:ISBN
3986:ISBN
3945:ISBN
3917:ISBN
3898:ISBN
3856:ISSN
3837:ISBN
3794:ISBN
3773:ISBN
3738:ISBN
3661:ISBN
3629:ISBN
3139:ISBN
3112:ISBN
2494:Atar
2489:Agni
2391:Brez
2304:Zana
2259:Hëna
2244:Dheu
2133:Besa
1890:Kuçi
1865:Zeta
1861:Brda
1807:Lalë
1767:Mati
1738:Vela
1692:Sopa
1677:Lura
1672:Luma
1667:Hasi
1657:Drin
1608:Puka
1531:Suma
1516:Kiri
1506:Pult
1452:Bobi
1432:Boga
1417:Reçi
1403:Tuzi
1393:Koja
1354:Hoti
992:hije
875:Hana
809:and
693:fire
678:Agni
621:ǰerm
615:and
575:Agni
567:fire
533:The
513:Enj-
444:Zeus
433:and
402:S.C.
367:Enno
365:and
363:Enna
353:are
304:Name
231:farë
143:and
71:fire
58:Enji
47:Hëna
6138:Ora
5390:(?
3976:doi
3691:doi
3687:100
2378:Oda
2295:Ora
2288:vs
2124:Ora
2018:Bua
1258:as
1115:),
999:fis
970:Sun
919:God
762:).
739:tḗr
731:PIE
720:Zot
515:or
379:mal
296:as
258:),
229:or
227:fis
178:God
6281::
6103:En
5580:En
4132:XX
4126:.
4071:.
4035:.
4031:.
3984:.
3933:;
3854:.
3705:.
3697:.
3685:.
3681:.
3556:^
3481:^
3248:^
3181:^
3082:^
3055:^
3012:^
2997:^
2982:^
2945:^
2930:^
2855:^
2816:^
2699:^
2680:^
2551:^
1966:-
1769:-
1282:.
1177:,
1173:,
1169:,
1165:,
1161:,
1157:,
1149:,
1145:,
1141:,
1079:,
774:,
664:,
623:.
619::
608::
592:,
588:,
545:te
530:.
491:.
487::
483:;
479::
475:;
471::
460:.
357:,
351:-n
345:,
341:,
335:-k
331:-c
280:,
215:.
123:,
6049:e
6042:t
6035:v
5394:)
5253:)
5247:(
5192:)
5188:(
5143:)
5139:(
5116:)
5079:)
5075:(
4887:)
4883:(
4831:-
4259:e
4252:t
4245:v
4219:.
4184:.
4154:.
4105:.
4081:.
4045:.
4018:.
3994:.
3978::
3925:.
3906:.
3862:.
3845:.
3802:.
3781:.
3757:.
3746:.
3713:.
3693::
3669:.
3637:.
3147:.
3120:.
2470:e
2463:t
2456:v
2430:)
2425:·
2423:.
2418:·
2412:·
2406:·
2400:·
2394:·
2389:(
2364:)
2360:(
2345:)
2340:·
2334:·
2328:·
2323:(
2297:/
2126:/
2006:/
1863:-
1125:(
1111:(
869:(
855:.
793:(
758:(
737:2
682:*
400:(
333:(
317:/
268:(
254:(
60:(
20:)
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