428:, and the Council was reduced to between thirteen and twenty-one members, all elected by the Commons. In 1657, the Commons granted Cromwell even greater powers, some of which were reminiscent of those enjoyed by monarchs. The council became known as the Protector's Privy Council; its members were appointed by the Lord Protector, subject to Parliament's approval.
347:
reign, the sovereign, on the advice of the council, was allowed to enact laws by mere proclamation. The legislative pre-eminence of
Parliament was not restored until after Henry VIII's death. Though the royal council retained legislative and judicial responsibilities, it became a primarily
254:; though, they had long been separate in practice. The king's council was "permanent, advisory, and executive". It managed day to day government and included the king's ministers and closest advisers. Its members always included a few
507:" or "Queen-in-Council". The members of the council were collectively known as "The Lords of His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council", or sometimes "The Lords and others of ..."). The chief officer of the body was the
302:), a major theme of politics was the composition of the king's council. Barons frequently complained that they were inadequately represented, and efforts were made to change the council's membership. At the
2131:
416:, instituted a Council of State to execute laws and to direct administrative policy. The forty-one members of the council were elected by the Commons; the body was headed by
518:
Membership was generally for life, although the death of a monarch brought an immediate dissolution of the council, as all Crown appointments automatically lapsed.
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1072:
121:
is an obsolete one meaning "Of or pertaining exclusively to a particular person or persons; one's own", insofar as the council is personal to the sovereign.
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2015:
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1785:
310:, which vested royal power in an elected council of fifteen barons. However, these reforms were ultimately overturned with the king's victory in the
2628:
559:"A Practical Treatise on the Appellate Jurisdiction of the House of Lords & Privy Council: Together with The Practice on Parliamentary Divorce"
331:
Powerful sovereigns often used the body to circumvent the courts and
Parliament. For example, a committee of the council – which later became the
851:
1105:
Comparative
Administrative Law: an Analysis of the Administrative Systems, National and Local, of the United States, England, France and Germany
1214:
1331:
2633:
532:
355:
in 1553, the council consisted of forty members. but the sovereign relied on a smaller committee, which later evolved into the modern
183:. This body originally concerned itself with advising the sovereign on legislation, administration and justice. At certain times, the
527:
335:– was during the fifteenth century permitted to inflict any punishment except death, without being bound by normal court procedure.
259:
142:
366:, gaining political experience, so that there were real differences between the Privy Council of the 1560s and that of the 1600s.
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263:
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continued in existence along with the Privy
Council of England for more than a hundred years after the Union of the Crowns.
17:
1239:
2349:
444:
restored the royal Privy
Council, but he, like previous Stuart monarchs, chose to rely on a small committee of advisers.
146:
1036:
The
Journals of All the Parliaments During the Reign of Queen Elizabeth: Both of the House of Lords and House of Commons
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35:
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80:
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86:
The Privy
Council of England was a powerful institution, advising the sovereign on the exercise of the
855:
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1642:
1103:
383:
114:
212:(Latin for "in the presence of the king himself"). But the growth of the royal justice system under
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1664:
1563:
1021:
The
British Commonwealth, Or, A Commentary on the Institutions and Principles of British Government
484:
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68:
382:
of
England and Scotland; however, the two kingdoms continued to have separate privy councils. The
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128:, the council is recorded under the title "The Queens Majesties Most Honourable Privy-Council".
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125:
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964:
515:. Another important official was the clerk, whose signature was appended to all orders made.
441:
344:
311:
255:
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1553:
328:) played a major role in drafting and proposing legislation to Parliament for ratification.
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The Early
Elizabethan Polity: William Cecil and the British Succession Crisis, 1558–1569
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The Constitutional History of Medieval England from the English Settlement to 1485
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1195:
The Long Eighteenth Century: British Political and Social History 1688–1832
332:
83:, together with leading churchmen, judges, diplomats and military leaders.
1627:
1611:
1486:
1388:
993:
378:, who was already King James VI of Scotland. James' accession marked the
162:
101:
In 1708, the Privy Council of England was abolished and replaced by the
2585:
2344:
1272:
Powersharing: White House – Cabinet relations in the modern presidency
503:
The sovereign, when acting on the council's advice, was known as the "
189:
was enlarged by a general summons of magnates (the "great council" or
1366:
1309:
352:
250:
had formally split into two separate councils–the king's council and
180:
1723:
424:
military dictator of the nation. In 1653, however, Cromwell became
421:
1540:
172:
271:
266:, and clerks, secretaries and other special counsellors (often
176:
1622:
604:
267:
223:) required specialization, and the judicial functions of the
203:
was in constant session and in direct contact with the king.
168:
408:
and Privy Council had been abolished. A new government, the
1728:
1184:
The Constitutional History of England: A Course of Lectures
1039:. John Starkey at the Mitre in Fleetstreet near Temple-Bar.
748:
712:
27:
Body of advisers to the sovereign of the Kingdom of England
1219:
British Civil Wars, Commonwealth and Protectorate, 1638–60
894:
870:
491:
separated from the United Kingdom, to be succeeded by the
412:, was established. The remaining house of Parliament, the
2590:
918:
820:
724:
688:
362:
The council developed significantly during the reign of
1024:. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. p.
784:
760:
772:
700:
652:
30:
This article is about the former Privy Council of the
808:
796:
1292:
The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary
832:
736:
640:
882:
628:
616:
306:, reformers forced a reluctant Henry to accept the
65:
concilium familiare, concilium privatum et assiduum
1124:
1059:
906:
676:
664:
464:, the English privy council was abolished by the
2615:
561:. A. Maxwell & Son – via Google Books.
389:
1163:The Origins of the English Parliament, 924–1327
1047:The Privy Council: The Arnold Prize Essay, 1860
1032:
610:
575:Sicily and the Mediterranean in the Middle Ages
75:. Its members were often senior members of the
1275:. Albany: State University of New York Press.
854:. National Records of Scotland. Archived from
1325:
1289:
598:
206:Originally, important legal cases were heard
1290:Weiner, Edmund; Simpson, John, eds. (1991).
1191:
876:
1242:. Archived from the original on 7 June 2008
969:. Manchester University Press. p. 13.
275:
245:
224:
207:
198:
190:
184:
160:
1332:
1318:
983:
924:
533:List of Royal members of the Privy Council
487:, which came to an end only in 1922, when
274:). It was capable of drafting legislative
1294:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
1156:
1033:D'Ewes, Sir Simonds; Bowes, Paul (1682).
730:
694:
440:, the Protector's Council was abolished.
1180:
1131:(4th ed.). Adams and Charles Black.
1122:
998:A History of Parliament: The Middle Ages
790:
766:
754:
658:
571:
556:
229:were delegated to two courts sitting at
197:in Latin), but as a smaller council the
143:Government in Norman and Angevin England
2629:1707 disestablishments in Great Britain
1268:
1237:
1101:
1070:
1054:
900:
838:
778:
742:
706:
646:
634:
171:for "royal court"), which consisted of
57:Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council
34:. For the successor Privy Council, see
14:
2616:
1339:
1080:House of Commons Library Standard Note
941:
802:
557:Macqueen, John Fraser (12 July 1842).
369:
117:the definition of the word "privy" in
94:. It issued executive orders known as
1313:
1212:
1198:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 65.
1043:
962:
888:
826:
814:
622:
538:Historical lists of Privy Counsellors
528:List of Privy Counsellors (1679–1714)
431:
1135:
992:
988:. Vol. I. New York: W. E. Dean.
718:
682:
670:
351:By the end of the six year reign of
338:
1181:Maitland, Frederic William (1911).
1014:
986:Commentaries on the Laws of England
912:
844:
147:Government in late medieval England
136:
24:
966:The politics of Britain, 1688–1800
25:
2645:
2634:1707 disestablishments in England
1108:. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
1071:Gay, Oonagh; Rees, Anwen (2005).
493:Privy Council of Northern Ireland
280:—administrative orders issued as
98:and also had judicial functions.
67:), was a body of advisers to the
1139:Constitutional History of the UK
1062:The History of the Privy Council
1401:England in the late Middle Ages
323:
297:
218:
1238:Rayment, Leigh (30 May 2008).
1187:. Cambridge: University Press.
1050:. Oxford: T. and G. Shrimpton.
948:. Cambridge University Press.
565:
550:
470:Privy Council of Great Britain
447:
103:Privy Council of Great Britain
36:Privy Council (United Kingdom)
13:
1:
1240:"Privy Counsellors – Ireland"
934:
509:Lord President of the Council
498:
475:Nevertheless, long after the
468:and thereafter there was one
390:Commonwealth Council of State
374:Elizabeth I was succeeded by
1082:. SN/PC/2708. Archived from
984:Blackstone, William (1838).
452:In 1708, one year after the
436:In 1659, shortly before the
7:
1166:. Oxford University Press.
1142:(2nd ed.). Routledge.
1123:Jolliffe, J. E. A. (1961).
1044:Dicey, Albert Venn (1860).
521:
466:Parliament of Great Britain
438:restoration of the monarchy
10:
2650:
1406:Economy in the Middle Ages
572:Takayama, Hiroshi (2019).
393:
140:
131:
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2438:
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2365:
2311:
1602:
1539:
1347:
1260:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
599:Weiner & Simpson 1991
588:– via Google Books.
384:Privy Council of Scotland
333:Court of the Star Chamber
304:Oxford Parliament of 1258
2624:Privy Council of England
1192:O'Gorman, Frank (2016).
942:Alford, Stephen (2002).
543:
485:Privy Council of Ireland
462:Kingdom of Great Britain
396:English Council of State
151:During the reign of the
45:Privy Council of England
1470:Commonwealth of England
852:"Privy Council Records"
721:, pp. 69 & 76.
611:D'Ewes & Bowes 1682
513:Great Officers of State
260:great officers of state
108:
90:and on the granting of
1215:"The Council of State"
1066:. London: John Murray.
963:Black, Jeremy (1993).
276:
246:
225:
208:
199:
191:
185:
161:
64:
1213:Plant, David (2007).
1000:. London: Constable.
458:Acts of Union of 1707
348:administrative body.
239:Court of Common Pleas
235:Court of King's Bench
141:Further information:
18:English Privy Council
2321:Anglo-Saxon military
1509:Overseas possessions
1225:on 26 September 2008
472:sitting in London.
410:English Commonwealth
308:Provisions of Oxford
291:During the reign of
124:During the reign of
1735:Acts of Parliament:
1502:Union with Scotland
1497:Glorious Revolution
1443:Union of the Crowns
1433:English Renaissance
1421:English Reformation
1362:Anglo-Saxon England
1269:Warshaw, S (1996).
1102:Goodnow, F (1897).
1073:"The Privy Council"
757:, pp. 262–263.
743:Gay & Rees 2005
380:Union of the Crowns
370:Union of the Crowns
1692:Secretary of State
1374:Kingdom of England
1341:Kingdom of England
1136:Lyon, Ann (2016).
1089:on 8 November 2010
601:, 'Privy Council'.
481:Kingdom of Ireland
432:Stuart Restoration
400:By the end of the
73:Kingdom of England
32:Kingdom of England
2611:
2610:
2453:Church of England
1411:Wars of the Roses
1173:978-0-199-58550-2
1149:978-1-317-20398-8
1115:978-1-58477-622-2
955:978-0-521-89285-8
858:on 9 January 2017
477:Act of Union 1800
402:English Civil War
339:Tudor innovations
312:Second Barons War
159:was advised by a
153:House of Normandy
115:Oxford dictionary
113:According to the
96:Orders in Council
88:royal prerogative
16:(Redirected from
2641:
2571:Royal supporters
2418:English language
1665:Council of State
1655:King's Secretary
1648:House of Commons
1633:Magnum Concilium
1531:Maritime history
1492:Exclusion Crisis
1475:The Protectorate
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1221:. Archived from
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1158:Maddicott, J. R.
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489:Southern Ireland
414:House of Commons
404:, the monarchy,
327:
326: 1272–1307
325:
301:
300: 1216–1272
299:
279:
249:
231:Westminster Hall
228:
222:
221: 1154–1189
220:
211:
202:
196:
193:magnum concilium
188:
179:and officers of
166:
137:Medieval council
81:House of Commons
47:, also known as
21:
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2576:Royal standards
2559:College of Arms
2525:
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2307:
1616:
1598:
1535:
1482:The Restoration
1426:Elizabethan era
1379:Norman Conquest
1343:
1338:
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925:Blackstone 1838
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749:
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709:, pp. 7–8.
705:
701:
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641:
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629:
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621:
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505:King-in-Council
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317:The council of
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264:royal household
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2498:
2496:English Gothic
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1494:
1489:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1448:Gunpowder Plot
1445:
1435:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1396:Angevin Empire
1393:
1392:
1391:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1359:
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1345:
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1041:
1030:
1012:
1006:
990:
981:
975:
960:
954:
938:
936:
933:
930:
929:
927:, p. 176.
917:
915:, p. 388.
905:
893:
881:
869:
843:
831:
819:
807:
805:, p. 209.
795:
793:, p. 256.
783:
781:, p. 123.
771:
769:, p. 253.
759:
747:
735:
733:, p. 283.
731:Maddicott 2010
723:
711:
699:
697:, p. 241.
695:Maddicott 2010
687:
675:
663:
661:, p. 290.
651:
639:
627:
615:
613:, p. 213.
603:
591:
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426:Lord Protector
406:House of Lords
394:Main article:
391:
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371:
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282:letters patent
138:
135:
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92:royal charters
77:House of Lords
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9:
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3:
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2539:National flag
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2473:Country dance
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2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
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1755:Temp. incert.
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1682:Privy Council
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1594:Orange-Nassau
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1444:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1438:Stuart period
1436:
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1431:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
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1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1384:Anglo-Normans
1382:
1380:
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1375:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1360:
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1301:0-19-861258-3
1297:
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1282:0-7914-2869-9
1278:
1274:
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1267:
1263:
1257:
1241:
1236:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1205:9781472507747
1201:
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978:
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961:
957:
951:
947:
946:
940:
939:
926:
921:
914:
909:
902:
897:
891:, p. 13.
890:
885:
879:, p. 65.
878:
877:O'Gorman 2016
873:
857:
853:
847:
840:
835:
828:
823:
816:
811:
804:
799:
792:
791:Maitland 1911
787:
780:
775:
768:
767:Maitland 1911
763:
756:
755:Maitland 1911
751:
744:
739:
732:
727:
720:
715:
708:
703:
696:
691:
685:, p. 90.
684:
679:
673:, p. 66.
672:
667:
660:
659:Jolliffe 1961
655:
649:, p. 10.
648:
643:
636:
631:
624:
619:
612:
607:
600:
595:
587:
585:9781351022286
581:
578:. Routledge.
577:
576:
568:
560:
553:
549:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
519:
516:
514:
511:, one of the
510:
506:
496:
494:
490:
486:
483:retained the
482:
478:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
445:
443:
439:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
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377:
367:
365:
360:
358:
354:
349:
346:
336:
334:
329:
320:
315:
313:
309:
305:
294:
289:
287:
286:letters close
283:
278:
273:
270:and literate
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
248:
244:By 1237, the
242:
240:
236:
232:
227:
215:
210:
204:
201:
195:
194:
187:
182:
178:
174:
170:
165:
164:
158:
154:
148:
144:
129:
127:
122:
120:
119:Privy Council
116:
106:
104:
99:
97:
93:
89:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2581:Crown Jewels
2566:Royal badges
2554:Coat of arms
2483:Architecture
2468:Morris dance
2410:Demographics
2333:English Army
2130:
1754:
1719:Star Chamber
1681:
1541:Royal Houses
1524:Protectorate
1453:Jacobean era
1416:Tudor period
1291:
1271:
1244:. Retrieved
1227:. Retrieved
1223:the original
1218:
1194:
1183:
1162:
1138:
1126:
1104:
1091:. Retrieved
1084:the original
1079:
1061:
1046:
1035:
1020:
997:
994:Butt, Ronald
985:
965:
944:
920:
908:
901:Rayment 2008
896:
884:
872:
860:. Retrieved
856:the original
846:
841:, p. 7.
839:Warshaw 1996
834:
822:
810:
798:
786:
779:Goodnow 1897
774:
762:
750:
745:, p. 2.
738:
726:
714:
707:Fitzroy 1928
702:
690:
678:
666:
654:
647:Fitzroy 1928
642:
637:, p. 3.
635:Fitzroy 1928
630:
618:
606:
594:
574:
567:
552:
517:
502:
474:
460:created the
451:
435:
399:
373:
361:
350:
345:Henry VIII's
342:
330:
316:
290:
243:
205:
150:
123:
118:
112:
100:
85:
56:
52:
48:
44:
42:
40:
2506:Elizabethan
2491:Anglo-Saxon
1712:Elizabethan
1702:Anglo-Saxon
1628:Curia regis
1569:Plantagenet
1519:Proprietary
1487:Popish Plot
1465:Interregnum
1389:The Anarchy
1246:30 December
1229:30 December
803:Alford 2002
448:Replacement
364:Elizabeth I
247:curia regis
226:curia regis
163:curia regis
126:Elizabeth I
2618:Categories
2586:Tudor rose
2516:Queen Anne
2345:Royal Navy
1697:Governance
1687:Ministries
1638:Parliament
1007:0094562202
976:0719037611
935:References
903:, Ireland.
889:Black 1993
829:, 1659–60.
827:Plant 2007
815:Plant 2007
623:Dicey 1860
499:Membership
442:Charles II
252:Parliament
209:coram rege
2596:St George
2367:Geography
2132:1642–1660
1781:1422–1460
1776:1413–1421
1771:1399–1411
1766:1377–1397
1761:1327–1376
1749:1308–1325
1744:1275–1307
1739:1225–1267
1574:Lancaster
1554:Knýtlinga
1458:Civil War
1367:Heptarchy
862:8 January
719:Lyon 2016
683:Butt 1989
671:Lyon 2016
353:Edward VI
293:Henry III
181:the Crown
69:sovereign
2591:Oak tree
2549:Heraldry
2521:Georgian
2511:Jacobean
2463:Folklore
2448:Religion
2375:Counties
2313:Military
1707:Medieval
1660:Monarchy
1607:Politics
1559:Normandy
1357:Timeline
1256:cite web
1160:(2010).
1058:(1928).
1018:(1854).
996:(1989).
913:Cox 1854
522:See also
422:de facto
319:Edward I
237:and the
214:Henry II
173:magnates
79:and the
2531:Symbols
2458:Cuisine
2440:Culture
2400:Palaces
2395:Castles
2380:Islands
2355:History
2326:Warfare
1677:Peerage
1564:Angevin
1349:History
817:, 1657.
376:James I
357:Cabinet
343:During
272:knights
132:History
71:of the
2385:Places
1729:Tories
1589:Stuart
1549:Wessex
1298:
1279:
1202:
1170:
1146:
1112:
1093:13 May
1016:Cox, H
1004:
973:
952:
582:
454:Treaty
420:, the
268:friars
258:, the
256:barons
233:: the
177:clergy
155:, the
2501:Tudor
2390:Towns
2350:Ships
1724:Whigs
1623:Witan
1584:Tudor
1514:Crown
1087:(PDF)
1076:(PDF)
544:Notes
200:curia
186:curia
169:Latin
61:Latin
2543:list
2428:list
2303:1706
2298:1705
2293:1704
2288:1703
2283:1702
2278:1701
2273:1700
2268:1698
2263:1697
2258:1696
2253:1695
2248:1694
2243:1693
2238:1692
2233:1691
2228:1690
2223:1689
2218:1688
2213:1685
2208:1680
2203:1679
2198:1678
2193:1677
2188:1675
2183:1672
2178:1670
2173:1667
2168:1666
2163:1665
2158:1664
2153:1663
2148:1662
2143:1661
2138:1660
2126:1640
2121:1627
2116:1625
2111:1623
2106:1620
2101:1609
2096:1606
2091:1605
2086:1603
2081:1601
2076:1597
2071:1592
2066:1588
2061:1586
2056:1584
2051:1580
2046:1575
2041:1572
2036:1571
2031:1566
2026:1562
2021:1558
2016:1557
2011:1555
2006:1554
2001:1553
1996:1551
1991:1549
1986:1548
1981:1547
1976:1546
1971:1545
1966:1543
1961:1542
1956:1541
1951:1540
1946:1539
1941:1536
1936:1535
1931:1534
1926:1533
1921:1532
1916:1531
1911:1530
1906:1529
1901:1523
1896:1515
1891:1514
1886:1513
1881:1512
1876:1511
1871:1509
1866:1503
1861:1496
1856:1495
1851:1491
1846:1488
1841:1487
1836:1485
1831:1483
1826:1482
1821:1477
1816:1474
1811:1472
1806:1468
1801:1467
1796:1464
1791:1463
1786:1461
1579:York
1296:ISBN
1277:ISBN
1262:link
1248:2010
1231:2010
1200:ISBN
1168:ISBN
1144:ISBN
1110:ISBN
1095:2010
1002:ISBN
971:ISBN
950:ISBN
864:2017
580:ISBN
479:the
456:and
277:acta
262:and
145:and
109:Name
51:(or
43:The
1612:Law
1026:389
284:or
53:Her
49:His
2620::
1258:}}
1254:{{
1217:.
1078:.
495:.
359:.
324:r.
314:.
298:r.
288:.
241:.
219:r.
175:,
105:.
63::
55:)
2545:)
2541:(
1333:e
1326:t
1319:v
1304:.
1285:.
1264:)
1250:.
1233:.
1208:.
1176:.
1152:.
1118:.
1097:.
1028:.
1010:.
979:.
958:.
866:.
321:(
295:(
216:(
167:(
59:(
38:.
20:)
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