Eureka Rebellion - Knowledge

1152: 3257:, who was in Ballarat, recalls attending one function and finding that no one apart from a small group of communists was there. There was an oration at the Peter Lalor statue, a procession, a pageant at Sovereign Hill, a concert and dance, a dawn service, and a pilgrimage to the Eureka graves. The procession was headed by mounted police and servicemen from the Royal Australian Airforce base at Ballarat dressed in 1850s soldiers' uniforms. There were centenary commemoration events around Australia held under the auspices of the Communist Party of Australia, which in the 1940s named their youth organisation the Eureka Youth League. Catholic Church affiliates also endorsed a Eureka centenary supplement with commemorative events. 2119: 3616:, is recognised as the pioneer of the secret ballot, also known as "the Australian ballot" when it was first introduced in the United States. At the same time, South Australia became the first colony to legislate for full adult male suffrage. Although Victoria's Legislative Assembly was no longer subject to any property qualifications from 1857, they remained for the Legislative Council in terms of membership and eligibility to vote until 1950. Other demands made by franchise activists on the goldfields that were subsequently made law in Victoria include regular elections every three years in 1859 and payment for members of parliament in 1870. 2303: 2072:

service. In November, it was resolved by the Legislative Council that the licence fee be reinstated on a sliding scale of 1 pound per month, 2 pounds per three months, 4 pounds for six months, and 8 pounds for 12 months. License evasion was punishable by increasing fines of 5, 15 and 30 pounds, with serial offenders liable to be sentenced to imprisonment. Licence inspections, treated as a great sport and "carried out in the style of an English fox-hunt" by mounted officials, known to the miners by the warning call "Traps" or "Joes", were henceforth able to take place at any time without notice.

2530:... three or four hundred yards a heavy fire from the stockade was opened on the troops and me. When the fire was opened on us we received orders to fire. I saw some of the 40th wounded lying on the ground but I cannot say that it was before the fire on both sides. I think some of the men in the stockade should-they had a flag flying in the stockade; it was a white cross of five stars on a blue ground. – flag was afterwards taken from one of the prisoners like a union jack – we fired and advanced on the stockade, when we jumped over, we were ordered to take all we could prisoners ... 3595:

the Miner's Association, who were "armed with sticks, waddies and pickhandles and led by the Clunes Brass Band, marched around the streets". The striking miners then "demolished a building prepared for the accommodation of the Chinese". At dawn the next day, they formed picket lines at the entrances to the mine to forcibly refuse entry to the Chinese workers, who were under police escort. The company was forced to abandon their plans as the miners began "yelling and cursing and the people of Clunes flung 'a storm of missiles' at the unfortunate troopers and coach-loads of Chinese".

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withdrawn from the protest movement the previous day, as the men advocating violence moved into the ascendancy. The rebels continued to fortify their position as 300–400 men arrived from Creswick's Creek to join the struggle. Carboni recalls they were: "dirty and ragged, and proved the greatest nuisance...". The arrival of these reinforcements required the dispatch of foraging parties, leaving a garrison of around 200 men behind. Teddy Shanahan, a merchant whose store on the Eureka lead had been engulfed by the stockade, said the rebels immediately became very short on food, drink.

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the flag of old England...or the new flag of the Southern Cross", the speaker was drowned out by groans from the crowd. In response, it was then proposed that restoring order required removing the government that caused the disorder in the first place. Amid cheers from the crowd, the mayor of Melbourne as chairman declared the pro-government motions carried and hastily adjourned the meeting. However, a new chairman was elected, and motions condemning the government and calling for the resignation of Foster were passed.

2096:, who took up his commission in Victoria on 22 June 1854. He instructed Rede to introduce a strict enforcement system and conduct a weekly cycle of licence hunts, which it was hoped would cause the exodus to the goldfields to be reversed. In August 1854, Hotham and his wife were received in Ballarat during a tour of the Victorian goldfields. In September, Hotham imposed more frequent twice-weekly licence hunts, with more than half of the prospectors on the goldfields remaining non-compliant with the regulations. 2592: 2372:, where construction of the stockade took place between 30 November and 2 December. There were existing mines within the stockade. The stockade consisted of diagonal wooden spikes made from materials including pit props and overturned horse carts. It encompassed an area said to be one acre. Other estimates give the dimensions of the stockade as 100 feet (30 m) x 200 feet (61 m). Contemporaneous descriptions and representations vary and have the stockade as either rectangular or semi-circular. 3335: 1899: 193: 3546:

rebels, only one hailed from a non-European country. Despite being present on the Ballarat gold fields, there is no record of any Chinese involvement in the Eureka Stockade. John Joseph, an American Negro, and James Campbell, a Jamaican, were both among the thirteen rebel prisoners to go on trial. Andrew Peters, who acted as a police spy, said during cross-examination that "There are some" black men on the diggings. Patrick Lynott recalled that "There were a good many black men" in the rebel camp.

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formation of a committee of citizens to "beautify the spot, and to preserve the tree stump" upon which Lalor addressed the assembled rebels during the oath swearing ceremony. It was also reported the stump "has been securely fenced in, and the enclosed area is to be planted with floriferous trees. The spot is adjacent to Eureka, which is famed alike for the stockade fight and for the fact that the Welcome Nugget. (sold for £10,500) was discovered in 1858 within a stone's throw of it".

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was 1.7 million. Among this number was "a heavy sprinkling of ex-convicts, gamblers, thieves, rogues and vagabonds of all kinds". The local authorities soon found themselves with fewer police and lacked the infrastructure needed to support the expansion of the mining industry. The number of public servants, factory and farm workers leaving for the goldfields to seek their fortune made for chronic labour shortages that needed to be resolved.

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available for inspection at all times. This temporarily relieved tensions in the colony. In November, the select committee bill proposed a licence fee of 1 pound for one month, 2 pounds for three months, 3 for six months and 5 pounds for 12 months, along with extending the voting franchise and land rights to the miners. La Trobe amended the scheme by increasing the six-month licence to 4 pounds, with a fee of 8 pounds for 12 months.

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crowd reacted with "loud disapprobation and showers of hisses" when the lieutenant governor was mentioned. Manning Clark speaks of one of the leaders of the "moral force" faction, George Thompson, who returned to Bendigo, where he attended another meeting on 28 July. Formerly, there was talk of "moral suasion" and "the genius of the English people to compose their differences without resort to violence". Thompson pointed to the

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implemented. The changes included the abolition of gold licences to be replaced with an export duty. An annual 1-pound miner's right that entitles the holder to voting rights for the lower house and a land deed was introduced. Mining wardens replaced the gold commissioners, and there was a reduction in police numbers. The Legislative Council was reconstituted to provide representation for the major gold field settlements.

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to give up their monopoly on the countryside, nor political representation. He is on record as having been opposed to payment for members of the Legislative Council, which had been another key demand of the Ballarat Reform League. In November 1855, under the new constitutional arrangements, Lalor was elected unopposed to the Legislative Assembly for the seat of North Grenville, which he held from 1856 to 1859.

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suspected of criminal activities. That month, Government House received a petition from Lever Flat, Forrest Creek and Mount Alexander about policing levels as the colony continued to strain due to the gold rush. On 25 November 1852, a police patrol was attacked by a mob of miners who wrongly believed they were obliged to take out a whole month's subscription for seven days at Oven's goldfield in Bendigo.

25: 2680:] has taken the reins of power at the Camp. Already there is a sensible and gratifying deference in its appearance. The old General went round unattended to several tents early this morning & made enquiries from the diggers relative to the cause of the outbreak. It is very probable from the humane & temperate course he is taking that he will establish himself in the goodwill of the people. 2209: 2841:

the influx of such large numbers of a pagan and inferior race is a very serious one ... The statement of one of this people, that "all" were coming, comprises an unpleasant possibility of the future, that a comparative handful of colonists may be buried in a countless throng of Chinamen ... some step is here necessary, if not to prohibit, at least to check and diminish this influx.

2904:(Vic) was enacted, these provisions were not carried forward. Universal adult male suffrage was then introduced in 1857 for Legislative Assembly elections. (That said, property and later ratepaying franchises and hence 'plural voting' for some persisted: one-person-one-vote was not achieved until 1938 and property qualifications remained until 1950 for the Legislative Council.) 2819:... respecting the trial of the prisoners taken at Ballarat, I wish to say that, although I do not doubt you have acted to the best of your judgment, and under advice, yet I question the expediency of bringing these rioters to trial under a charge of High Treason, being one so difficult of proof, and so open to objections of the kind which appear to have prevailed with the jury. 2361: 2439: 2402:. Nickle himself, who had seen action during the 1798 Irish rebellion, arrived after the insurgency had been put down. In 1860, Withers stated in a lecture that "The site was most injudicious for any purpose of defence as it was easily commanded from adjacent spots, and the ease with which the place could be taken was apparent to the most unprofessional eye". 3049:, former ALP Prime Minister, believed the Eureka Rebellion was not just a "short-lived revolt against tyrannical authority" and expressed the view that it was consequential in terms of Australia's development as a nation in that "it was the first real affirmation of our determination to be masters of our own political destiny". 1886:

From the outset, there was a division between the "moral force" activists who favoured lawful, peaceful and democratic means and those who advocated "physical force", with some in attendance suggesting that the miners take up arms against the lieutenant governor, who was irreverently viewed as a feather-wearing, effeminate

2807:... it was another thing entirely to prove that any treasonable intent was harboured in the mind of John Joseph.... These matters were weighty and more conclusive of proof than a charge of murder, but they left the Crown with an arduous task of convincing the jury that Joseph had acted with such an elevated intent. 3625:

Dr Whitney Smith said in 1975 that the Eureka Flag "perhaps because of its association with labour riots and a time of political crisis in Australian history, was long forgotten. A century after it was first hoisted, however, Australian authors began to recognise that it had been an inspiration, both

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made the Eureka Flag a federal election campaign issue in 2004 saying "I think people have tried to make too much of the Eureka Stockade ... trying to give it a credibility and standing that it probably doesn't enjoy". In the opening address of the Eureka 150 Democracy Conference in 2004, the Premier

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Nowadays it is common to see the noble Eureka Flag and the rebellion of 1854 as the symbol of Australian independence, of freedom from foreign domination; but many saw the rebellion in 1854 as an uprising by outsiders who were exploiting the country's resources and refusing to pay their fair share of

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actually took place in South Australia, albeit according to a more limited property-based franchise, observing that it had been a battle cry for nationalists, republicans, liberals, radicals, and communists with "each creed finding in the rebellion the lessons they liked to see". He acknowledged that

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On another occasion, there were 17,745 signatures from Ballarat residents on a petition against a regressive land ownership bill Lalor supported that favoured the "squattocracy", who came from pioneering families who had acquired their prime agricultural land through occupation and were not of a mind

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A most serious social question with reference to the gold-fields, and one that has lately crept on with rapid but almost unobserved steps, is with reference to the great number of the Chinese. This number, although already almost incredible, yet appears to be still fast increasing ... The question of

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In 1880, Rede was sheriff at the trial of Ned Kelly and an official witness to his execution. Hotham was promoted on 22 May 1855 when the title of the colony's chief executive was changed from lieutenant governor to governor. He died in Melbourne on New Year's Eve 1855 while in a coma after suffering

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protesting against the government's response to the Eureka Rebellion, as a group of 13 rebel prisoners were indicted for treason. Newspapers in the colony characterised it as a brutal overuse of force, in a situation brought about by the actions of government officials, and public condemnation became

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4 Dec. Quiet reigned through the day. Evening thrown into alarm by a volley of musketry fired by the sentries. The cause, it appears, was the firing into the camps by some one unknown...... 5 Dec. Martial Law proclaimed, Major-General Sir Robert Nickle arrived with a force of 1000 soldiers. The Reign

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A state of martial law was proclaimed with no lights allowed in any tent after 8 pm "even though the legal basis for it was dubious". It was around this time that a number of unprovoked shots were fired from the government camp toward the diggings. Unrelated first-hand accounts variously state that a

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The British commander used bugle calls to coordinate his forces. The 40th regiment provided covering fire from one end, with mounted police covering the flanks. Enemy contact began at approximately 150 yards as the two columns of regular infantry and the contingent of foot police moved into position.

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laid contingency plans for the defence of the government outpost. In the weeks leading up to the battle, men had already been aiming musket balls at the barely fortified barracks during the night. On 30 October, Hotham appointed a board of enquiry into the murder of James Scobie to sit in Ballarat on

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Around this time two reward notices were distributed around Ballarat. One offered a 500-pound reward for information leading to an arrest in the Scobie murder case. The other announced the reward for more information about the Bank of Victoria heist in Ballarat that was carried out by robbers wearing

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Gregorius, a physically disabled servant who worked for Father Smyth of St Alipius chapel, had been in the past subjected to police brutality and false arrest for licence evasion, even though he was exempt from the requirement. On 15 October, a mass meeting of predominantly Catholic miners took place

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issued two proclamations that reserved to the crown all land rights to the goldfields and introduced a mining licence (tax) of 30 shillings per month, effective 1 September. The universal mining tax was based on time stayed rather than what was seen as the more equitable option, an export duty levied

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In 1873, Lalor also remained a director of the Lothair gold mine at Clunes after the board resolved to bring in low-paid Chinese workers from Ballarat and Creswick to use as strikebreakers after the employees collectively withdrew their labour in an industrial dispute. On 8 December, some 500 men of

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As the materials used by the rebels to fortify the Eureka lead were quickly removed and the landscape altered by mining, the exact location of the Eureka Stockade is unknown. Various studies have been undertaken that have arrived at different conclusions. In 1994, Jack Harvey conducted an exhaustive

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On 14 December 1854, the goldfields commission sat for the first time. The first Ballarat session was held four days later at Bath's Hotel. In a meeting with Hotham on 8 January 1855, the goldfields commissioners made an interim recommendation that the mining tax be scrapped, and two days later made

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before returning to practice, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly in the wake of the Eureka trials. He received many other criminal briefs later in his legal career, including that of Henry James O'Farrell, who was indicted for an 1868 assassination attempt on the Duke of Edinburgh in Sydney.

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Hotham managed to have an auxiliary force of 1,500 special constables from Melbourne sworn in along with others from Geelong, with his resolve that further "rioting and sedition would be speedily put down", undeterred by the rebuff his policies had received from the general public. In Ballarat, only

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Foster had acted as the temporary administrator of Victoria during the transition from La Trobe to Hotham. As colonial secretary to the lieutenant governor, he rigorously enforced the mining licence requirement amid the colony's budget and labour crisis. Foster had already offered his resignation on

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News of the battle spread quickly to Melbourne and across the goldfields, turning a perceived government military victory in repressing a minor insurrection into a public relations disaster. On 5 December, reinforcements under Major General Nickle arrived at the government camp in Ballarat. Reverend

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Rede planned to send the combined military police formation of 276 men under the command of Captain Thomas to attack the Eureka Stockade when the rebel garrison was observed to be at a low watermark. The police and military had the element of surprise and timed their assault on the stockade for dawn

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According to Lalor's reckoning: "There were about 70 men possessing guns, 30 with pikes and 30 with pistols, but many had no more than one or two rounds of ammunition. Their coolness and bravery were admirable when it is considered that the odds were 3 to 1 against". Lalor's command was riddled with

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Amid the rising number of rebels absent without leave throughout 2 December, a contingent of 200 Americans under James McGill arrived at 4 pm. Styled as "The Independent Californian Rangers' Revolver Brigade", they had horses and were equipped with sidearms and Mexican knives. In a fateful decision,

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asserts that Lalor may have downplayed the fact that the Eureka Stockade was intended as something of a fortress at a time when "it was very much in his interests" to do so. The construction work was overseen by Vern, who had apparently received instruction in military methods. John Lynch wrote that

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By the beginning of December, the police contingent at Ballarat had been surpassed by the number of soldiers from the 12th and 40th regiments. The strength of the various units in the government camp was: 40th regiment (infantry): 87 men; 40th regiment (mounted): 30 men; 12th regiment (infantry): 65

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Rather than hear the Ballarat Reform League's grievances, Rede increased the police presence on the Ballarat goldfields and summoned reinforcements from Melbourne. Rede told one deputation that their campaign against "The licence is a mere cloak to cover a democratic revolution", and the day before

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The Ballarat Reform League charter was inspired by the charter ratified at the 1839 Chartist National Convention held in London. The Ballarat charter contains five of the same demands as the London one. The Ballarat league did not adopt the Chartist's sixth demand: secret ballots. The meeting passed

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sellers. Plainclothes officers enforced prohibition, and those involved in the illegal sale of alcohol were initially handed 50-pound fines. Subsequent offences were punishable by months of hard labour. This led to the corrupt practice of police demanding blackmail of 5 pounds from repeat offenders.

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On 3 August, the Bendigo petition was placed before La Trobe, who refused to act on a request to suspend the mining tax again and give the miners the right to vote. The next day, there was a meeting held at Protestant Hall in Melbourne where the delegation reported on the exchange with La Trobe. The

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In mid-September 1851, D. C. Doveton, the first local gold commissioner appointed by La Trobe, arrived in Ballarat. At the beginning of December, there was discontent when it was announced that the licence fee would be raised to 3 pounds a month, a 200 per cent increase, effective 1 January 1852. In

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This led to gold fever taking hold as the colony's population increased from 77,000 in 1851 to 198,496 in 1853. In three years, the total number of people living in and around the Victorian goldfields stood at a 12-month average of 100,351. In 1851, the Australian population was 430,000. In 1871, it

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Among the victims of last night's unpardonable recklessness were a woman and her infant. The same ball which murdered the mother, ... passed through the child as it lay sleeping in her arms.... Another sufferer is a highly respectable storekeeper, who had his thighbone shattered by a ball as he was

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There is a report of a meeting held on 23 October 1854 to discuss indemnifying the Bentley Hotel arsonists where "Mr. Kennedy suggested that a tall flag pole should be erected on some conspicuous site, the hoisting of the diggers' flag on which should be the signal for calling together a meeting on

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in Melbourne, completed in 2006, is named in honour of the rebellion and features symbolic aspects such as blue glass and white stripes in reference to both the Eureka Flag and a surveyor's measuring staff and a crown of gold glass with a red stripe to represent the blood spilled on the goldfields.

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are from the late 19th century. According to an oral tradition, the Eureka Flag was displayed at a seaman's union protest against using cheap Asian labour on ships at Circular Quay in 1878. In August 1890, the Eureka Flag was draped from a platform in front of a crowd of 30,000 protesters assembled

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Lalor served as chairman of committees from 1859 to 1868 before being sworn into the ministry. He was first appointed as Commissioner of Trade and Customs in 1875, an office he held throughout 1877-1880, riding the fortunes of his parliamentary faction. He was briefly Postmaster-General of Victoria

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I would ask the gentlemen what they mean by the term 'Democracy'? Do they mean Chartism, or Communism, or Republicanism? If so, I never was, I am not now, nor do I ever intend to be a democrat. But if democracy means opposition to a tyrannical press, a tyrannical people, or a tyrannical government,

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Withers and others have noted that those who considered Lalor a legendary folk hero were surprised that was more concerned with accumulating styles and estates than securing any gains from the Eureka Rebellion. Lalor was found wanting by a critical mass of his supporters, who had hitherto sustained

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Lalor is said to have "aroused hostility among his digger constituents" by not supporting the principle of one vote, one value. He instead preferred the existing property-based franchise and plural voting, where ownership of a certain number of holdings conferred the right to cast multiple ballots.

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Among the government officials, although Foster was made a scapegoat for the affair at Eureka, he remained a member of the Legislative Council. He briefly served on the parliamentary executive as treasurer before returning to England in 1857, where he published his speeches on the Eureka Rebellion.

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The same day several thousand people attended a public meeting held in Swanston Street, Melbourne. There were howls of anger when several pro-government motions were proposed. When the seconder of one motion, which called for the maintenance of law and order, framed the issue as "would they support

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According to Gregory Blake, the fighting in Ballarat on 3 December 1854 was not one-sided and full of indiscriminate murder by the colonial forces. In his memoirs, one of Lalor's captains, John Lynch, mentions "some sharp shooting". For at least 10 minutes, the rebels offered stiff resistance, with

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FitzSimons points out that although the number of reinforcements converging on Ballarat was probably closer to 500, there is no doubt that as a result of the choice of password "the Stockade is denied many strong-armed men because of the feeling that the Irish have taken over". Withers states that:

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on Bakery Hill in protest over the treatment of Gregorius. Two days later, responding to the acquittal, a meeting of approximately 10,000 men occurred near the Eureka Hotel in protest. The hotel was set alight as Rede was pelted with eggs. The available security forces were unable to restore order.

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Miners were arrested for not carrying licences on their person, as they often left them in their tents due to the typically wet and dirty conditions in the mines, then subjected to such indignities as being chained to trees and logs overnight. The impost was most felt by a greater number of miners,

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There was a second multinational-style assembly at View Point on 27 August 1853. The next day a procession of miners passed by the government camp with the sounds of bands and shouting and fifty pistol rounds as an assembly of about 2,000 miners took place. On 29 August 1853, assistant commissioner

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The design of the Digger's flag was along the same lines as the flag flown at Forrest Creek in 1851. It has four quarters that feature a pick, shovel and cradle, symbolising the mining industry; a bundle of sticks tied together, symbolising unity; the scales of justice, symbolising the remedies the

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and Bendigo. On 3 February 1853, a policeman accidentally caused the death of William Guest at Reid's Creek. Assistant Commissioner James Clow had to defuse a difficult situation with a promise to conduct an inquiry into the circumstances. A group of one thousand angry miners overran the government

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Two days later, it was announced that La Trobe had reversed the planned increase in the mining tax. The oppressive licence hunts continued and increased in frequency, causing general dissent among the diggers. There was strong opposition to the strict prohibition of liquor imposed by the government

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There are two things connected with the late outbreak (Eureka) which I deeply regret. The first is, that we shouldn't have been forced to take up arms at all; and the second is, that when we were compelled to take the field in our own defence, we were unable (through want of arms, ammunition and a

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being present is accurate. Among those willing to credit the first report of the battle as being true and correct it has been theorised that the hoisting of a Union Jack at the stockade was possibly an 11th-hour response to the divided loyalties among the heterogeneous rebel force which was in the

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At 4 am on the morning of 1 December, the rebels were observed to be massing on Bakery Hill, but a government raiding party found the area vacated. Again, Rede ordered the riot act read to a mob that had gathered around Bath's Hotel, with mounted police breaking up the unlawful assembly. Raffaello

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The James Scobie murder trial ended on 18 November 1854, with the accused, James Bentley, Thomas Farrell and William Hance, being convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to three years of hard labour on a road crew. Catherine Bentley was acquitted. Two days later, the miners Westerby, Fletcher and

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There were several mass public meetings and miners' delegations in the years leading up to the armed revolt. The earliest rally was held on 26 August 1851 at Hiscock's Gully in Buninyong and attracted 40–50 miners protesting the new mining regulations, and four resolutions to this end were passed.

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Following an earlier meeting on 22 November 1855 held at the location of the stockade where calls for compensation were made, Carboni returned to the rebel burial ground for the first anniversary of the battle and remained for the day selling copies of his self-published memoirs. In 1856, for the

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From there on, he never represented a Ballarat-based constituency again. He successfully contested the Melbourne seat of South Grant in the Legislative Assembly in 1859, until being twice defeated at the polls in 1871, on the second occasion contesting the seat of North Melbourne. In 1874, he was

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The commission's final report into the Victorian goldfields was presented to Hotham on 27 March 1855. It was scathing in its assessment of the administration of the goldfields, particularly the Eureka Stockade affair. Within 12 months, all but one of the demands of the Ballarat Reform League were

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Blainey has commented that "Every government in the world would probably have counter-attacked in the face of the building of the stockade". Hotham would receive the news that the government forces had been victorious the same day, with Stawell waiting outside Saint James church, where Hotham was

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It is certain that Irish-born people were strongly represented at the Eureka Stockade. Most of the rebels inside the stockade at the time of the battle were Irish, and the area where the defensive position was established was overwhelmingly populated by Irish miners. Blainey has advanced the view

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William Craig recalled that "Many at Ballaarat, who were disposed before that to resist the military, now quietly withdrew from the movement". In his memoirs, Lynch states: "On the afternoon of Saturday we had a force of seven hundred men on whom we thought we could rely". There was a false alarm

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The location of the stockade has been described as "appalling from a defensive point of view", as it was situated on "a gentle slope, which exposed a sizeable portion of its interior to fire from nearby high ground". A detachment of 800 men, which included "two field pieces and two howitzers" was

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Other descriptions of the stockade contradicted Lalor's recollection of it being a simple fence after the fall of the stockade. Testimony was heard at the high treason trials for the Eureka rebels that the stockade was four to seven feet high in places and was unable to be negotiated on horseback

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The jury recommended the prerogative of mercy be evoked and noted that they held the local authorities in Ballarat responsible for the loss of property. One week later, a reform league delegation, including Humffray, met with Hotham, Stawell and Foster to negotiate the release of the three Eureka

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In October 1854 James Scobie was murdered outside the Eureka Hotel. Johannes Gregorius was prosecuted for the murder. A colonial inquest found no evidence of culpability by the Bentley Hotel owners for the fatal injuries amid allegations that Magistrate D'Ewes had a conflict of interest presiding

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The latter sobriquet was a reference to La Trobe, whose proclamations posted around the goldfields were signed and sealed "Walter Joseph Latrobe". Many of the police were former convicts from Tasmania. They would get a fifty per cent commission from all fines imposed on unlicensed miners and grog

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In October 1852, at Lever Flat near Bendigo, the miners attempted to respond to rising crime levels by forming a "Mutual Protection Association". They pledged to withhold the licence fee, build detention centres, and begin nightly armed patrols, with vigilantes dispensing summary justice to those

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The report is a most masterly and statesmanlike document, and if its wise suggestions are wisely and honestly carried out, that commission will have rendered a service to the colony ... the wrongs and grievances of the digging community are clearly set forth in the Report, and practical schemes

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in a bayonet charge. Lalor had his arm shattered by a musket ball and was secreted away by supporters, with his arm later requiring amputation. The Eureka flag was captured by Constable John King, who volunteered to scale the flagpole, which then snapped. The exact number of casualties cannot be

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Initially outnumbering the government camp considerably, Lalor had already devised a strategy where "if the government forces come to attack us, we should meet them on the Gravel Pits, and if compelled, we should retreat by the heights to the old Canadian Gully, and there we shall make our final

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The rebels sent out scouts and established picket lines in order to have advance warning of Rede's movements. Messengers were dispatched to other mining settlements, including Bendigo and Creswick, requesting reinforcements for the Eureka Stockade. The "moral force" faction, led by Humffray, had

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La Trobe decided to cancel the September 1853 mining tax collections. The Legislative Council supported a Commission of Inquiry into goldfields grievances. It also considered a proposal to abolish the licence fee in return for a royalty on the gold and a nominal charge for maintaining the police

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on 2 September 1862, drawing attention to the need for improvements in the road from Melbourne. The lack of police protection was also a major issue for the protesting miners. On 14 August 1852, a fight broke out among 150 men over land rights in Bendigo. An inquiry recommended increasing police

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observed that of "the first batch of prisoners brought up for examination, the four examined consisted of one Englishman, one Dane, one Italian, and one negro, and if that is not a foreign collection, we do not know what is". However, according to Professor Sunter's figures, in her sample of 44

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emblazoned with the Eureka Flag. Before its development there was considerable debate over whether a replica or reconstruction of wooden structures was appropriate. It was eventually decided against, and this is seen by many as a reason for the apparent failure of the centre to draw significant

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For at least ten years, beginning in 1884, the Old Colonists' Association held a service on or around the anniversary at Ballarat's Eastern Oval in conjunction with its annual charity appeal. There was some reference made to the Eureka Stockade. It was sometimes preceded by a march from the Old

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In 1931, R. S. Reed claimed that "an old tree stump on the south side of Victoria Street, near Humffray Street, is the historic tree at which the pioneer diggers gathered in the days before the Eureka Stockade to discuss their grievances against the officialdom of the time". Reed called for the

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determined. After the battle, the registrar of Ballarat entered the names of 27 people into the Victorian death register. Lalor lists 34 rebel casualties, of which 22 died. In his report, Captain Thomas states that one soldier was killed in action, two died of wounds, and fourteen were wounded.

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Hotham feared that the "network of rabbit burrows" on the goldfields would prove readily defensible as his forces "on the rough pot-holed ground would be unable to advance in regular formation and would be picked off easily by snipers". These considerations were part of the reasoning behind the

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Hotham sent a message to England on 16 November which revealed his intention to establish an inquiry into goldfields grievances. Notes to the royal commissioners had already been made on 6 November, where Hotham stated his opposition to an export duty on gold replacing the universal mining tax.

2043:

On 20 August 1853, just as an angry mob of 500–600 miners went to assemble outside the government camp at Waranga, the authorities used a legal technicality to release some mining tax evaders. A meeting in Beechworth called for reducing the licence fee to ten shillings and voting rights for the

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Gully after gully hoisted its own flag, around which the various sections rallied, and as they proceeded towards the starting points, formed quite an animated spectacle … But the flag which attracted the greatest attention was the Diggers' Banner, the work of one of the Committee, Mr Dexter, an

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on 15 December 1851. This was the first truly mass demonstration of the Eureka Rebellion. According to high-end estimates, up to 20,000 miners turned out in a massive display of support for repealing the mining tax. The only pictorial evidence concerning the flag on display at the meeting is an

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For the 50th anniversary in 1904, around sixty veterans gathered for a reunion at the Eureka Stockade memorial with large crowds in attendance. According to one report, there was a procession and "much cheering and enthusiasm along the line of route, and the old pioneers received a very hearty

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In 1857, the anniversary was much more low-key and was marked by "some of the friends of those who fell to decorate their tombs with flowers ... the occasion will be passed over without any public demonstrations...". In 1858, at the appointed time, there was only a crowd of seven people at the

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In July 1855, the Victorian Constitution received royal assent, which provided for a fully elected bicameral parliament, with a new Legislative Assembly of 60 seats and a reformed Legislative Council of 30 seats. The franchise was available to all holders of the miner's right for the inaugural

2747:. Seekamp was tried and convicted of seditious libel by a Melbourne jury on 23 January 1855 and, after a series of appeals, sentenced to six months imprisonment on 23 March. He was released from prison on 28 June 1855, three months early. During Seekamp's absence, Clara served as editor of the 2506:

Lalor, it is said, gave 'Vinegar Hill' as the night's pass-word, but neither he nor his adherents expected that the fatal action of Sunday was coming, and some of his followers, incited by the sinister omen of the pass-word, abandoned that night what they saw was a badly organised and not very

2501:

There were rebellious miners converging on Ballarat from Bendigo, Forrest Creek, and Creswick to take part in the armed struggle. The latter contingent was said to number a thousand men, "but when the news circulated that Irish independence had crept into the movement, almost all turned back".

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On 21 October, Andrew McIntyre and Thomas Fletcher were arrested for the arson attack on the Eureka Hotel. A third man, John Westerby, was also indicted. A committee meeting of miners on Bakery Hill agreed to indemnify the bail sureties for McIntyre and Fletcher. As a large mob approached the

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was passed, which, upon receiving royal assent on 1 December, reduced the licence fee to 40 shillings for every three months. The act featured increasing fines in the order of 5, 10 and 15 pounds for repeat offenders, with goldfields residents required to carry their permits, which had to be

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Throughout the following weeks, the league sought to negotiate with Rede and Hotham on the specific matters relating to Bentley and the death of James Scobie, the men being tried for the burning of the Eureka Hotel, the broader issues of the abolition of the licence, suffrage and democratic

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I think it may be called the finest thing in Australasian history. It was a revolution - small in size; but great politically; it was a strike for liberty, a struggle for a principle, a stand against injustice and oppression.... It is another instance of a victory won by a lost battle.

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had become involved. One survivor of the battle stated that "the collapse of the rising at Ballarat may be regarded as mainly attributable to the password given by Lalor on the night before the assault". Asked by one of his subordinates for the "night pass", he gave "Vinegar Hill", the

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that at the appointed hour, the "Union Jack and the American ensign were hoisted as signals for the people to assemble". It was at this time the Union Jack became a national flag while being "inscribed with slogans as a protest flag of the Chartist movement in the nineteenth century".

2005:

goldfield in Bendigo, with rocks being thrown as they escorted an intoxicated miner to the holding cells. On 16 July 1853, an anti-licence demonstration in Sandhurst attracted 6,000 people, who also raised the issue of lack of electoral rights. The high commissioner of the goldfields,

3268:"Blood Under the Southern Cross", a sound and light show attraction played under the night skies. It was revised and expanded in 2003. The Eureka Flag was temporarily on display at Sovereign Hill during 1987, while renovation work was being carried out at the Art Gallery of Ballarat. 2980:

The actual political significance of the Eureka Rebellion is contested. It has been variously interpreted as a revolt of free men against imperial tyranny, of independent free enterprise against burdensome taxation, of labour against a privileged ruling class, or as an expression of

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McGill took most of his two hundred Californian Rangers away from the stockade to intercept rumoured British reinforcements from Melbourne. Many Saturday night revellers within the rebel garrison returned to their own tents, assuming that the government camp would not attack on the

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stated, "that many persons familiar with the incidents depicted, were able to testify to the fidelity of the painted scene". The people of Melbourne flocked to the cyclorama, paid up and had their picture taken before it. Eventually, it was dismantled and disappeared from sight.

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Renaming of the line did not go ahead. The Spencer Street Station redesignation was announced in December 2005. Bracks stated that the change would resonate with Victorians because the Southern Cross "stands for democracy and freedom because it flew over the Eureka Stockade".

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The Eureka Flag was flown there for the first time. The crowd was incited by Timothy Hayes shouting, "Are you ready to die?" and Fredrick Vern, who was accused of abandoning the garrison four days later as soon as the danger arrived, with suspicions of being a double agent.

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The jury's verdict of not guilty was greeted by applause, with two men being sentenced to a week in prison for contempt of court. Over 10,000 people had come to hear the jury's verdict. Joseph was carried around the streets of Melbourne in a chair in triumph, according to

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black crepe-paper masks, and which was increased from 500 to 1,600 pounds. Rede received a miner's delegation on 23 October which had heard that the police officers involved in the arrest of Gregorius would be dismissed. Two days later, a meeting led by Timothy Hayes and

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The Bendigo "diggers flag" was unfurled at a rally at View Point, Sandhurst, on 12 August 1853 to hear from delegates who had returned from Melbourne with news of the failure of the Bendigo petition. The miners paraded under the flags of several nations, including the

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In his eyewitness account, Carboni stated that "amongst the foreigners ... there was no democratic feeling, but merely a spirit of resistance to the licence fee". He also disputes the accusations "that have branded the miners of Ballarat as disloyal to their QUEEN".

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second anniversary, veteran John Lynch gave a speech as several hundred people gathered at the Eureka lead before a march to the local cemetery to remember the fall of the Eureka Stockade. There was a collection to building railings around the Eureka burial ground.

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a resolution "that it is the inalienable right of every citizen to have a voice in making the laws he is called on to obey, that taxation without representation is tyranny". The meeting resolved to secede from the United Kingdom if the situation did not improve.

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Legislative Assembly election, with members of parliament themselves subject to property qualifications. In the interim, five representatives from the mining settlements were appointed to the old part elected Legislative Council, including Lalor and Hummfray in

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with the aid of a further $ 5 million in funding from both the Australian and Victorian governments and $ 1.1 million from the City of Ballarat. The centrepiece of MADE's collection was the "King" fragments of the Eureka Flag made available on loan from the

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by James Leggatt in Geelong, it features a pillar with the names of the deceased miners and the inscription "Sacred to the memory of those who fell on the memorable 3 December 1854 in resisting the unconstitutional proceedings of the Victorian Government".

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camp and relieved the police of their sidearms and weapons, destroying a cache of weapons. George Black assisted Dr John Owens in chairing a public meeting held at Ovens field on 11 February 1853 that called for the death of Guest to be fully investigated.

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greeting". The crowd heard from several speakers, including Ballarat-born Richard Crouch MP, who "was not at all satisfied that the necessity for revolt had at all ended; in fact, he rather advocated a revolt against conventionalism and political cant".

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There was another gathering on Bakery Hill where a militant leader, Peter Lalor, moved that a central rebel executive be formed. He proclaimed "liberty" and called for volunteers to step forward and be sworn into companies and captains to be appointed.

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from May to July 1877. Lalor served as the speaker from 1880 and 1887. When his health situation forced him to step down, parliament awarded him a sum of 4,000 pounds. Lalor twice refused to accept the highest Imperial honour of a British knighthood.

2920:, revolutionary Chief, the radical reformer thus suddenly metamorphosed into a smug Tory, was surely a spectacle to make good men weep. But good men did more than weep; they decried him with vehemence in keeping with the recoil of their sentiments". 7817: 2178:. The final report agreed with the League's submission, blaming the government camp for the unsatisfactory state of affairs. The recommendation that Magistrate Dewes and Sergeant Major-Milne of the constabulary should be dismissed was acted upon. 7085: 2392:

The shepherds' holes inside the lower part of the stockade had been turned into rifle-pits, and were now occupied by Californians of the I. C. Rangers' Brigade, some twenty or thirty in all, who had kept watch at the 'outposts' during the night.

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Hotel rioters. Hotham declared that he would take a stand on the word "demand", satisfied that due process had been observed. Father Smyth informed Rede in confidence that he believed the miners might be about to march on the government outpost.

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In March 1854, La Trobe sent a reform package to the Legislative Council, which was adopted and sent to London for the approval of the Imperial parliament. The voting franchise would be extended to all miners upon purchasing a 12-month permit.

3430:, which was the first and only comprehensive eyewitness account of the rebellion. Henry Lawson wrote a number of poems about Eureka, as have many novelists. There have been four motion pictures based on the uprising at Ballarat. The first was 2317:

On 29 November, a meeting involving a crowd of around 10,000 was held at Bakery Hill. The miners heard from their deputies news of the unsuccessful outcome of their meeting with Hotham demanding the release of Westerby, Fletcher and McIntyre.

3576:... some not understanding marshall (sic) law did not put out their lights and the soldiers fired into the tents and killed 2 men and one woman and wounded others, although we were half a mile off we heard the balls whistling over our tents. 3143:

The soldiers were buried in the same cemetery as the rebels. In August 1872, the area surrounding the soldiers' graves was enclosed with a fence. A soldiers' memorial was constructed in 1879, an obelisk constructed of limestone sourced from

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Rede responded by ordering police to conduct a licence search on 30 November. There was further rioting where objects were thrown at military and law enforcement by the protesting miners who had refused to cooperate with licence inspections

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Rede was recalled from Ballarat and kept on full pay until 1855. He served as the sheriff at Geelong (1857), Ballarat (1868), and Melbourne (1877) and was the Commandant of the Volunteer Rifles, being the second-in-command at Port Phillip.

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As it happened, Nickle proved to be a wise, considered and even-handed military commander who calmed the tensions and Taylor "found him to be a very affable and kind gentleman". Evans' diary records the effect of his conduct as follows:

3326:, that represent 69.01% of the original specimen. In 2018, the City of Ballarat council resolved to assume responsibility for managing the facility. MADE was closed and since being reopened has been called the Eureka Centre Ballarat. 3559:

part of a 1958 illustrated history series for students, the artist Ray Wenban would remain faithful to the first reports of the battle with his rendition featuring two flags flying above the Eureka Stockade. The 1949 motion picture

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The African American John Joseph was the first rebel put on trial. Matters of fact were decided by a lay juries drawn from a general public that was largely sympathetic to the rebel cause. One of the junior counsels for Joseph was

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ranged fire coming from the Eureka Stockade garrison such that Thomas's best formation, the 40th regiment, wavered and had to be rallied. Blake says this is "stark evidence of the effectiveness of the defender's fire".

3205:, who teamed up with local artist Izett Watson to paint a 1,000-square-foot (93 m) canvas of the Eureka Stockade, wrapped around a wooden structure. When it opened in Melbourne, the exhibition was an instant hit. 2559:

day. A small contingent of miners remained at the stockade overnight, which the spies reported to Rede. Common estimates for the size of the garrison at the time of the attack on 3 December range from 120 to 150 men.

2542:... rollen up in the breast of a prisoner. He advanced with the rest, firing as they advanced ... several shots were fired on them after they entered . He observed the prisoner brought down from a tent in custody. 3057:

the inaugural parliament that convened under Victoria's revised constitution "was alert to the democratic spirit of the goldfields". The parliament eventually passed laws that enabled all adult males to vote by

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heard reports from the deputies sent to negotiate with Rede. The meeting resolved to petition Hotham for a retrial of Gregorius and to the reassignment of the assistant commissioner Johnston away from Ballarat.

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The figures 1,500 and 120 are estimates. Official statistics kept by the colonial administration showed a total of 24,600 people in Ballarat on 2 December 1854, as given by Ian MacFarlane in his authoritative

2341:

Lalor knelt, pointed to the Eureka Flag, and swore to the affirmation of his fellow demonstrators: "We swear by the Southern Cross to stand truly by each other and fight to defend our rights and liberties".

3170:. A meeting was held at the partially completed monument on 3 December 1884. It appears there were no further gatherings at the Eureka Stockade Monument until the 50th-anniversary commemorations in 1904. 2181:

On 1 November, around 5,000 miners gathered in Bendigo, as a plan was drawn up to organise the diggers at all the mining settlements, with speakers openly advocating physical force addressing the crowd.

3279:. He predicted that: "an event like Eureka, with all its associations, with all its potent symbolism, will acquire an aura of excitement and romance, and stir the imagination of the Australian people". 2345:

In a dispatch dated 20 December 1854, Hotham reported: "The disaffected miners ... held a meeting whereat the Australian flag of independence was solemnly consecrated and vows offered for its defence".

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arrived to reinforce the government camp in Ballarat. As they moved alongside where the Eureka Stockade was about to be erected members of the convoy were attacked by a mob looking to loot the wagons.

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at Jones Creek counselled that a peaceful, political solution could still be found. In Ballarat, miners offered to surround the guard tent to protect gold reserves amid rumours of a planned robbery.

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and contest Legislative Assembly elections. He points out that many miners were temporary migrants from Britain and the United States who did not intend to settle permanently in Australia, saying:

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near the Eureka Stockade memorial. Designed to be a new landmark for Ballarat, it was known as the Eureka Stockade Centre and then the Eureka Centre. The building originally featured an enormous

2701:

one man stepped forward and answered the call to enlist. By the beginning of 1855, normalcy had returned to the streets of Ballarat, with mounted patrols no longer being a feature of daily life.

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Carboni, George Black and Father Smyth met with Rede to present a peace proposal. Rede was suspicious of the Chartist undercurrent of the anti-mining tax movement and he rejected the proposals.

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informants, and Rede was kept well advised of his movements, particularly through the work of government agents Henry Goodenough and Andrew Peters, who were embedded within the rebel garrison.

2494:, also known as the second battle of Vinegar Hill, was the site of a convict rebellion in the colony of New South Wales, involving mainly Irish transportees, some of whom were at Vinegar Hill. 1941:

Based on the research of Doug Ralph, Marjorie Theobald and others have questioned whether there was an iconic Digger's flag displayed at Forest Creek that spread to other mining settlements.

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An Australian postage stamp featuring the Eureka Flag was released along with a set of commemorative coins. A ceremony in Ballarat known as the lantern walk was held at dawn. Prime Minister

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mining settlements. A larger rally attended by 20,000 people was held at Hospital Hill in Bendigo on 23 August 1853, which resolved to support a mining tariff fixed at 10 shillings a month.

6776:

Harvey, J. T., 'Locating the Eureka Stockade: Use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in a Historiographical Research Context: Computers and the Humanities', Vol. 37, No. 2, May 2003.

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On 3 December 1853, a crowd of 2,000–3,000 attended an anti-licence rally at View Point. Then, on 31 December 1854, about 500 people gathered there to elect a so-called "Diggers Congress".

3110:

1890–1900. This artwork is believed to be an over-painted photographic print of a painted canvas by Izett Watson and Thaddeus Welch exhibited as part of a cyclorama in Fitzroy around 1891.

7842:. Series 04: Alfred Hill music manuscripts collected, 1880-1953. Sydney: State Library New South Wales. call numbers MLMSS 6357/Boxes 41-42, MLMSS 6357/Box 62X, record identifier 94Rkr0j1 2997:, making the Eureka story inflated well beyond its real importance. Others maintain that Eureka was a seminal event and that it marked a major change in the course of Australian history. 2985:. Some historians believe that the prominence of the event in the public record has come about because Australian history does not include a major armed rebellion phase equivalent to the 7254: 4566: 1918:

Ballarat, some miners became so agitated that they began to gather arms. On 8 December, the rebellion continued to build momentum with an anti-mining tax banner put on public display at

3424:

The Eureka Rebellion has been the inspiration for numerous novels, poems, films, songs, plays and artworks. Much of the Eureka folklore relies heavily on Raffaello Carboni's 1855 book,

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At one point up to 1,500 of 17,280 men in Ballarat were garrisoning the stockade, with as few as 120 taking part in the battle. Lalor's choice of password for the night of 2 December—"

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from the picket line during the night. The subsequent roll call revealed there had been a sizable desertion that Lynch says "ought to have been seriously considered, but it was not".

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newspaper of 4 December 1854 reported that the Union Jack "had" to be hoisted underneath the Eureka Flag at the stockade and that both flags were in possession of the foot police.

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As Molony points out, the legality of putting a foreign national on trial for treason had been settled as far back as 1649. A difficulty the Crown prosecutor faced regarding the

2224:

John Humffray. (Several other reform league leaders, including George Black, Henry Holyoake, and Tom Kennedy, are also believed to have been Chartists.) It was reported by the

2055:

A sitting of the goldfields committee of the Legislative Council in Melbourne on 6 September 1853 heard from goldfields activists Dr William Carr, W Fraser and William Jones.

3264:, was opened in November 1970 as an open-air museum set in the gold rush period. Since 1992, in commemoration of the Eureka Stockade, Sovereign Hill has featured a 90-minute 7600: 7306: 5475: 7110: 2784:

Manning's case was heard next. The indicted rebels were acquitted in quick succession, with the last five all being tried together on 27 March. The lead defence counsel

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Ballarat Reform League Charter, 11 November 1854, VPRS 4066/P Unit 1, November no. 69, VA 466 Governor (including Lieutenant Governor 1851–1855 and Governor's Office),

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Gavan Duffy said of Aspinall that he was: "one of the half-dozen men whose undoubted genius gave the Parliament of Victoria a first place among colonial legislatures".

2754:

Of the approximately 120 individuals detained after the battle, thirteen were put on trial for high treason. There were Timothy Hayes, Raffaello Carboni, John Manning,

2159:, assisted by his local magistrate Charles Hackett and William McCrea. After receiving representations from the US consul, Hotham released James Tarleton from custody. 3151:

In the 1860s and 1870s, press interest in the events that had taken place at the Eureka Stockade dwindled, with the anniversary rating the occasional reference in the

1832:

for making discoveries within 320 kilometres (200 mi) of Melbourne. In August 1851, the news was received around the world that, on top of several earlier finds,

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Blake leaves open the possibility that the flag being carried by the prisoner had been souvenired from the flag pole as the routed garrison was fleeing the stockade.

2652:

attending a service with Foster. He immediately set about firing up the government printing press to put out placards calling for support from among the colonists.

2538:, 9 December 1854 edition, stating that Hugh King had given live testimony at the committal hearings for the Eureka rebels where he stated that the flag was found: 9331: 2795:

Thousands of Melbourne residents celebrated the acquittal of the rebels, and paraded them through the streets upon their release from the Victorian Supreme Court.

9052: 1890:. This first meeting was followed by ongoing protests across all the colony's mining settlements in the years leading up to the 1854 armed uprising at Ballarat. 7518: 7485: 3159:. Eureka was kept alive at the campfires, pubs, and at memorial events in Ballarat. Key living figures such as Lalor and Humffray were still in the public eye. 2631:

Although Lalor claimed that the government forces fired the first shot, it appears from all the other remaining accounts as if it came from the rebel garrison.

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Eventually, the rebels started to run short of ammunition, and the government advance resumed. The Victorian police contingent led the way over the top as the

2212:

Robert Rede was resident gold commissioner during the armed uprising in Ballarat. He is seen here as commander of the Geelong (Volunteer) Rifles Corps (right).

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gave a speech, to mark the largest and most celebrated fragments of the Eureka Flag donated by the descendants of John King going on permanent display at the

1998:

was formed in June at a meeting in Bendigo, where 23,000 signatures were collected for a mass petition, including 8,000 from the mining settlement at McIvor.

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Despite the high turnover in population on the goldfields, discontent continued to simmer throughout 1852. La Trobe received a petition from the people of

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observed that the proceedings had become "weary, stale, flat, dull and unprofitable". The trials have, on several occasions, been described as a farce.

2375:

Lalor later said the stockade "was nothing more than an enclosure to keep our own men together, and was never erected with an eye to military defence".

2368:

After the oath swearing ceremony, about 1,000 rebels marched in double file from Bakery Hill to the Eureka lead behind the Eureka Flag being carried by

2330:. Eight licence defaulters were arrested, and most of the military resources available had to be summoned to extricate the arresting officers from the 643: 6808: 2627:

day of rest. The soldiers and police marched off in silence at around 3:30 am Sunday morning after the troopers had drunk the traditional tot of rum.

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In a signed contemporaneous affidavit dated 7 December 1854, Private Hugh King, who was at the battle serving with the 40th regiment, recalled that:

2035:

artist of considerable talent, and certainly no company ever possessed a more appropriate coat of arms, or a motto more in character with themselves.

1151: 4536: 2477:"—caused support for the rebellion to fall away among those who were otherwise disposed to resist the military, as word spread that the question of 2261:

the battle reported to the chief gold commissioner that the government forces stood ready to "crush them and the democratic agitation at one blow".

783: 8153: 7786: 6937: 6013: 4826: 2010:, advised La Trobe of his support for an export duty on gold found rather than the existing universal tax on all prospectors based on time stayed. 1960:

In 1852, it was decided by the UK government that the Australian colonies should each draft their own constitutions, pending final approval by the

3541:

It is currently known that the Eureka rebels came from at least 23 different nations. Carboni recalled that "We were of all nations and colours".

7553: 8880: 7187:, 14 March 1963 edition, E. J. Holloway states that the platform had been decorated with the Eureka Flag on 29 August 1890 instead of 31 August. 5388: 2758:, Jan Vennick, James Beattie, Henry Reid, Michael Tuohy, James Macfie Campbell, William Molloy, Jacob Sorenson, Thomas Dignum, and John Phelan. 9601: 7246: 4558: 3079:

of Victoria, Steve Bracks, said "that Eureka was about the struggle for basic democratic rights. It was not about a riot—it was about rights".

1118: 7969:. Paper originally presented at Eureka Seminar, University of Melbourne History Department, 1 December 2004. Perth, Australia: Network Books. 2523:, who concedes that two flags may have been flown on the day of the battle, as the miners were claiming to be defending their British rights. 2220:, directly opposite the government encampment. At this meeting, the Ballarat Reform League was formally established under the chairmanship of 9651: 8870: 445: 9324: 3186:

at the Yarra Bank in Melbourne in a show of solidarity with maritime workers. There was a similar flag flown prominently above the camp at

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found that given documentary evidence and its elevation, the most likely location of the oath swearing ceremony is 29 St. Paul's Way,

33: 9691: 8604:

Evans, Charles, diary, 24 September 1853 – 21 January 1855, SLV, MS 11484, Box 1777/4 (formerly known as the "Samuel Lazarus" diary).

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This article is about political and social developments, and the origin and aftermath of the rebellion. For the military action, see

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tourist numbers. Due primarily to falling visitor numbers the "controversial" Eureka Centre was redeveloped between 2009 and 2011.

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to mark the 150th anniversary, taking effect from late 2005 at the same time as the renaming of Spencer Street railway station to

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insurmountable. Letters Patent formally appointing the members of the Royal Commission were signed and sealed on 7 December 1854.

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numbers in the colony's mining settlements. Around this time, the first gold deposits at the Eureka lead in Ballarat were found.

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In 1954, a committee of Ballarat locals was formed to coordinate events to mark the centenary of the Eureka Stockade. Historian

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that began in 1851. Following the separation of Victoria from New South Wales on 1 July 1851, gold prospectors were offered 200

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survey and concluded that the Eureka Stockade Memorial is situated within the confines of the historical Eureka Stockade.

9420: 9270: 9217: 3419: 3191: 3015:, who journeyed to Ballarat, noted how the Eureka Rebellion was well remembered by locals, likening it to the battles of 2571:

On the eve of the battle, Father Smyth issued a plea for Catholics to down their arms and attend mass the following day.

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The legislative remedy came in the form of a poll tax, assented to on 12 June 1855, made payable by Chinese immigrants.

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In June 2022, the City of Ballarat, in conjunction with Eureka Australia, unveiled a new Pathway of Remembrance at the

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in spirit and design, for many banners up to and including the current official civil and state flags of the nation".

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reported in 1891 that "it afforded a very good opportunity for people to see what it might have been like at Eureka".

2001:

There was an incident on 2 July 1853 in which police were assaulted in the vicinity of an anti-licence meeting at the

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McIntyre were convicted for burning the Eureka Hotel and were sentenced to jail terms of six, four and three months.

1513: 991: 908: 629: 387: 82: 8627:. The Centennial Magazine: An Australian Monthly. II: August 1889 to July 1890 (available in an annual compilation). 9616: 9606: 9565: 9293: 9230: 3425: 2388:

decision to move into position in the early morning for a surprise attack. Carboni details the rebel dispositions:

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The miners in Bendigo responded to the increase in the frequency of licence hunts with threats of armed rebellion.

1961: 1853: 1758: 933: 913: 868: 848: 828: 753: 568: 216: 67: 6535: 9077: 8649: 8148: 7813: 7781: 2891: 2355: 2026:, the saltire of Scotland, the Union Jack, revolutionary French and German flags, and the Stars and Stripes. The 798: 773: 332: 7106: 3564:

produced by Ealing Studios, also features the Union Jack beneath the Eureka Flag during the oath swearing scene.

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stand". On being brought to battle that day, Lalor stated: "we would have retreated, but it was then too late".

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Beggs-Sunter, Anne (2004). "Contesting the Flag: the mixed messages of the Eureka Flag". In Mayne, Alan (ed.).

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at the goldfields settlements, whereby the sale and consumption of alcohol were restricted to licensed hotels.

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in 1856. South Australia enacted similar legislation a fortnight later. The colony's electoral commissioner,

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a submission advising a general amnesty be granted for all those rebels on the run from the Eureka Stockade.

2580: 2491: 2257:, as well as chief gold commissioner William Wright. These men were likely to be sympathetic to the diggers. 1995: 1973: 1795: 1104: 918: 853: 843: 803: 558: 292: 226: 133: 78: 74: 7384: 2924:

Under pressure from constituents to clarify his position, in a letter dated 1 January 1857 published in the

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little organisation) to inflict on the real authors of the outbreak the punishment they so richly deserved.

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has questioned whether this contemporaneous report of the otherwise unaccounted-for Union Jack known as the

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did not attend any commemorative events and refused to allow the Eureka Flag to fly over Parliament House.

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woman, her infant child and several men were killed or wounded in an episode of indiscriminate shooting.

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his "military learning comprehended the whole system of warfare ... fortification was his strong point".

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Eureka Stockade a pictorial history: the events leading to the attack in the pre-dawn of 3 December 1854

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Concerning the tensions caused by the Chinese presence on the goldfields, the report states inter alia:

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The inquiry into the Ballarat rioting concluded with a statement made on 10 November in the name of the

9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9631: 9471: 9087: 6623: 4235: 2982: 2938:

again elected as the member for South Grant, which he represented in parliament until he died in 1889.

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over a case involving the prosecution of Bentley, said to be a friend and indebted business partner.

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only on gold found, meaning it was always designed to make life unprofitable for most prospectors.

593: 563: 6711:

Amendment C191 and Permit Application - Bakery Hill Ballarat - Expert Witness Statement - Heritage

3265: 3041:, leader of the ALP, wrote that "Australian democracy was born at Eureka". Liberal Prime Minister 9389: 9207: 4894: 4668:

Robert Rede, 2 December 1854, VPRS 1189/P Unit 92, J54/14462 VA 856 Colonial Secretary's Office,

3392: 3323: 3276: 3227: 2736: 2487: 2413: 1627: 1282: 813: 701: 435: 38: 8633:

R. E. Johns Papers, MS10075, Manuscript Collection, La Trobe Library, State Library of Victoria.

7763:

Henderson, Fiona (23 December 2014). "Reward offered for evidence of battle's Union Jack flag".

9512: 7765: 7725: 7415: 6682: 6650: 5228: 3187: 3124: 2483: 2474: 2277:

Foot police reinforcements arrived in Ballarat on 19 October 1854. A further detachment of the

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engraving of the scene by Thomas Ham and David Tulloch that features only part of the design.

1825: 1287: 1186: 543: 357: 297: 248: 8384:

Ross, C. Stuart (July 1919). "Two American Types that left their Stamp on Victorian History".

9456: 9176: 8835: 8799: 8745: 8727: 8709: 8691: 8383: 6287: 6161: 6117: 6058: 5777: 5699: 5604: 5510: 5295:, (May 1890) (available in an annual compilation; Vol. II: August 1889 to July 1890), p. 749. 5183: 4760:

Samuel Douglas Smyth Huyghue, The Ballarat Riots, 1854, held at the Mitchell Library, Sydney.

4726: 4453: 4285: 3999: 3785: 3283: 3025: 2278: 2217: 2151: 1983: 1659: 1607: 1587: 1525: 1505: 1500: 1334: 1214: 1209: 1181: 1176: 1003: 8722: 8686: 6282: 6053: 5505: 9527: 9522: 9502: 8963: 7630: 7437: 6029:"Diaries of Diary of Charles Evans 1853 September 24 -1855 January 21 [manuscript]" 5565: 3604:

Victoria became the first jurisdiction in the world to adopt the secret ballot in place of

3347: 2763: 2438: 2196: 2167: 1617: 1612: 1394: 1371: 1272: 1224: 1171: 1166: 1135: 1044: 873: 668: 479: 474: 377: 9537: 8095:. Vol. IV: The Earth Abideth Forever 1851-1888. Carlton: Melbourne University Press. 4197:

An Act for better management of the Gold Fields in the Colony of Victoria. Victoria. 1853.

3074:, dismissed the Eureka Stockade as a "protest without consequence". Deputy Prime Minister 2297: 509: 8: 9636: 9591: 9430: 9384: 9260: 9171: 9140: 8763: 8636:

Taylor, Theophilus, diary, 23 September 1853 – 1 August 1856, Ballarat Genealogy Society.

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Captain Thomas reports on the attack on the Eureka Stockade to the Major Adjutant General

3901:

https://monstermeeting.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Was-There-One-True-Diggers-Flag.pdf

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In 2004, the 150th anniversary of the Eureka Stockade was commemorated. In November, the

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rebuked Hotham over the decision to prosecute the captured rebels, saying in a despatch:

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who were finding the mining tax untenable without any more significant gold discoveries.

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with the words "Victoria" and "Duty" carved in its north and south faces, respectively.

1409: 8817: 8776: 8758: 6677: 6645: 6445: 6007: 5731: 5729: 4914: 3663: 3605: 2900: 2250: 1716: 1652: 1602: 1560: 1530: 1518: 1456: 1431: 1419: 1404: 1389: 1344: 1234: 1219: 417: 392: 122: 8812: 6197: 4991: 4989: 4889: 3658: 3241: 3140:

report "deplored the general lack of interest and neglected condition of the graves".

3052:

Blainey has described Evatt's view as "slightly inflammatory" for such reasons as the

2791: 2614: 9706: 9641: 9532: 9364: 9225: 8830: 8794: 8740: 8665: 8588: 8578: 8557: 8531: 8509: 8487: 8432: 8401: 8361: 8342: 8320: 8301: 8282: 8246: 8227: 8196: 8174: 8124: 8096: 8074: 8055: 8036: 7992: 7970: 7938: 7904: 7886: 6156: 6112: 5772: 5599: 5087: 5051: 4448: 4280: 3994: 3780: 3178: 3166:

located within the Eureka Stockade Gardens dates from 1884 and has been added to the

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A plan of the Eureka Stockade as an exhibit in the 1855 Victorian high treason trials

2254: 1919: 1868: 1704: 1674: 1642: 1582: 1414: 1309: 1299: 1229: 1204: 1032: 996: 984: 504: 499: 8584:

The Eureka Stockade: The Consequence of Some Pirates Wanting a Quarterdeck Rebellion

8554:

Report from the Commission Appointed to Inquire into the Condition of the Goldfields

6992: 5726: 5640: 3410:

commemorating the "35 men who lost their lives during the Eureka Stockade in 1854".

3177:

Some of the earliest recorded examples of the Eureka Flag being used as a symbol of

2550:

Departing detachment of Independent Californian Rangers leaves small garrison behind

2519:

There is another theory advanced by Gregory Blake, military historian and author of

2018:

and jokingly said that "if the flag went, it would be replaced by a diggers' flag".

1277: 9517: 9410: 9092: 8188: 8019: 7984: 7918: 7839: 6900: 4986: 4819:"Rede's account of the Gravel Pits riots and call for Martial Law to be proclaimed" 4627: 4250: 3495: 3299: 3287: 3254: 2961: 2785: 2462: 2398:

under the commander in chief of the British forces in Australia, Major General Sir

2376: 2282: 2138:

government camp, the two men were hurriedly released under their own recognisance.

1977: 1878: 1863: 1679: 1597: 1463: 1339: 1094: 618: 469: 422: 402: 312: 302: 8891: 8704: 5178: 2424: 9542: 9492: 9425: 9309: 9265: 8898: 7443: 3613: 3128: 2607: 2591: 2478: 2310: 2023: 1934: 1741: 1669: 1622: 1538: 1451: 588: 514: 9030: 7341: 7284: 5931:"Diary of Charles Evans, 1853 September 24 -1855 January 21. [page 142]" 9415: 9369: 9161: 9135: 8415: 7952:

Beggs-Sunter, Anne (2008). "Eureka; Gathering 'the Oppressed of All Nations'".

7513: 3439:

There have been a number of plays and songs about the rebellion. The folk song

3334: 3261: 3202: 3182: 3045:

said, "the Eureka revolution was an earnest attempt at democratic government".

3042: 2093: 1982:

The disquiet on the goldfields continued in 1853, with public meetings held in

1898: 1833: 1815: 1366: 1267: 1257: 263: 8582: 8477:. Pictorial Social Studies. Vol. 16. Sydney: Australian Visual Education. 6251: 3707: 2414:

Vinegar Hill blunder: Irish dimension factors in dwindling numbers at stockade

1913:

Recreation of the original Monster Meeting flag raised in 1851 at Forest Creek

9585: 9507: 9374: 9125: 8781: 8393: 8088: 7533: 7329: 5628: 4926: 3500: 3444: 3311: 3272: 3237:

A 1954 handbill for a Eureka Stockade centenary commemoration event in Sydney

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representation of the goldfields, and the disbanding of the gold commission.

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on 5 December 1999 in a ceremony that was attended by the Victorian premier

3087: 682: 9497: 8990: 8523: 7066: 7027: 7025: 6975: 6973: 6959: 6229: 6227: 6095: 6093: 4974: 3384: 3350: 3339: 3307: 2639: 2156: 2113: 1858: 372: 9005: 7578: 6263: 4589: 4506:, 18 November 1854 as cited in Wickham, Gervasoni and D'Angri, pp. 13, 20. 9354: 9115: 9082: 8334: 7930: 6708: 3456: 3377: 3145: 3046: 3038: 2965: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2723: 2513: 2466: 1689: 397: 327: 197: 187: 97: 8951:

was created from a revision of this article dated 29 June 2006

8741:"DISCONTENT AT THE GOLD-FIELDS.— APPOINTMENT OF A COMMISSION OF INQUIRY" 8660: 8617:

Story of the Eureka Stockade: Epic Days of the Early Fifties at Ballarat

7448: 7365: 7261: 7022: 6970: 6944:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 10 September 2004. Archived from 6746: 6599: 6331: 6224: 6157:"DISCONTENT AT THE GOLD-FIELDS.— APPOINTMENT OF A COMMISSION OF INQUIRY" 6137: 6090: 5844: 5093: 5057: 4920: 2968:. As of 2016, the area was a car park awaiting residential development. 1736: 9359: 9120: 7054: 6787:"Eureka? An answer to that Jack in the corner gets a little bit warmer" 6307: 5203: 4485: 4473: 4429: 4334: 3012: 2766:, who appeared pro bono. Formerly chief of parliamentary reporting for 2369: 2298:

Paramilitary mobilisation and swearing allegiance to the Southern Cross

2200:

The Ballarat Reform League sought to negotiate with Sir Charles Hotham

2015: 1711: 1304: 1143: 362: 192: 8980: 8975: 7467: 4087: 3887: 3286:

was erected at the cost of $ 4 million in March 1998 in the suburb of

2689:

4 December as the protests began, which Hotham accepted a week later.

2066: 1782:

was a series of events involving gold miners who revolted against the

8995: 8268: 7554:"UnMADE: how the Museum of Australian Democracy at Eureka unravelled" 6853: 6434:

An Act to make provision for certain Immigrants 1855. Victoria. 1855.

5735: 5646: 5457: 5455: 4995: 4256: 4137: 3436:, a 1907 silent film, the second feature film produced in Australia. 3233: 3198: 2331: 2122:

Charles Doudiet's sketch of the burning of Bentley's Hotel, entitled

1909: 1837: 1324: 1262: 768: 9000: 6539: 4052: 3391:

In 2014, to mark the 160th anniversary of the Eureka Rebellion, the

2933:

then I have ever been, am still, and I ever will remain a democrat.

9025: 8429:

The Australian Book of Great Trials: The Cases That Shaped a Nation

8243:

Eureka Rediscovered: In search of the site of the historic stockade

6646:"HISTORIC TREE STUMP: Where Eureka Stockaders Discussed Grievances" 3071: 2917: 2800: 2599: 2221: 1799: 1356: 253: 9015: 8985: 8888:

NSW Migration Heritage Centre statement of historical significance

8454: 8169: 7347: 6809:"Eminent Australians rally around as call goes out for a new flag" 5452: 5001: 4962: 3713: 3099: 2945: 2880:

Lalor, in his letter to the colonists of Victoria, lamented that:

8619:(Reprint ed.). Melbourne: Australian Catholic Truth Society. 8210: 7388: 6450: 4107:, 1851 - 1861 (Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1963), 109. 2928:, Lalor described his political ideology in the following terms: 2848:

Humffray commended the report in a letter to the editor, saying:

2624: 2556: 2155:

the 2nd and 10 November. The panel included Melbourne magistrate

1949: 1926: 1319: 1252: 598: 8052:

To Pierce the Tyrant's Heart: The Battle for the Eureka Stockade

7840:"A traditional song sent to Alfred Hill by Lieselotte Schreiner" 3365:. The proposal was criticised by community groups including the 3222: 2876:

in later life as Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Victoria

2272: 1929:, on 13 December 1851, the previous increase was rescinded. The 24: 7141: 6878:

Electoral Act (No 10 of 19 Vic, 1855-6). South Australia. 1855.

5561:(Motion picture). United Kingdom and Australia: Ealing Studios. 1967: 1836:

had found still more deposits 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of

1314: 8875: 8654:

The Starry Banner of Australia: An Episode in Colonial History

7012: 7010: 6534:(Parliament of Victoria Library, Research Note 12, Nov. 2022) 6391: 5526: 3302:

was unveiled in the courtyard of the interpretative centre at

3245:

The 150th commemorations at the Eureka Centre, 3 December 2004

2208: 2040:

miners sought; and a Kangaroo and Emu, symbolising Australia.

1893: 9020: 8840: 8822: 8804: 8786: 8768: 8750: 8732: 8714: 8696: 8119:

Corfield, Justin; Wickham, Dorothy; Gervasoni, Clare (2004).

6695: 6663: 6630:

Australian Dictionary of Biography Vol 5: 1851-1890, K-Q 1974

6594:

Australian Dictionary of Biography Vol 5: 1851-1890, K-Q 1974

6463: 6300: 6174: 6130: 6071: 5782: 5609: 5577: 5196: 4907: 4865:

Australian Dictionary of Biography Vol 5: 1851-1890, K-Q 1974

4466: 4370: 4298: 4012: 3798: 3676: 2360: 2216:

On 11 November 1854, a crowd of more than 10,000 gathered at

8272:(2nd ed.). Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. 1965. 6966:(Speech). 2004 Democracy Conference. University of Ballarat. 6835: 6823: 6709:

RBA Architects + Conservation Consultants (September 2015).

6415: 5263: 5261: 4787: 4763: 4634:(Speech). 2004 Democracy Conference. University of Ballarat. 4407: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4127: 4125: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4034: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3447:, one of the rebels who dies defending the Eureka Stockade. 3226:

The Eureka Flag fragments donated by the King family to the

2450: 8481: 7539: 7335: 7153: 7111:

Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts

7007: 6482: 5820: 5159: 3929: 3291: 1874:

On 16 August 1851, just days after Hiscock's lucky strike,

1351: 9010: 6514: 6512: 6499: 6497: 6403: 6379: 6367: 6355: 6239: 5652: 5370: 5315: 5313: 3197:

In 1889, Melbourne businessmen employed renowned American

2735:

The first trial relating to the rebellion was a charge of

2289:

men; mounted police: 70 men; and the foot police: 24 men.

2108:

Murder of James Scobie and the burning of the Eureka hotel

8860: 8759:"EUREKA STOCKADE RECALLED: William Edward Atherdon, (96)" 8482:

Wickham, Dorothy; Gervasoni, Clare; D'Angri, Val (2000).

8024:

The Rush That Never Ended: A history of Australian mining

7601:"EUREKA RAIL LINE TO OPEN EXCITING ERA FOR REGIONAL RAIL" 6859: 6563: 5883: 5258: 5147: 4690: 4608: 4394: 4305: 4218: 4216: 4122: 4031: 3956: 3817: 3639: 3532:

any subject which might require immediate consideration".

3123:

On 22 March 1856, a diggers' memorial was erected in the

2676: 2516:

rather than being configuration of the Southern Cross".

1887: 8905:

150th Anniversary of the Eureka Stockade – Official site

8450:. 14 December 1999. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 8118: 7883:

Australian Dictionary of Biography Vol 5: 1851-1890, K-Q

7454: 7371: 7267: 7226: 7220: 7072: 7060: 7044: 7042: 7040: 7031: 6979: 6926:. 14 December 1999. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 6752: 6716:(Report). City of Ballarat. PLP/2014/829. Archived from 6551: 6337: 6313: 6269: 6233: 6143: 6099: 5904:"Diaries, 1852 Sep. 30-1864 Apr. 12. [page 248]" 5865:"Diaries, 1852 Sep. 30-1864 Apr. 12. [page 248]" 5850: 5634: 5538: 5345: 5343: 5330: 5328: 5291:

H. R. Nicholls. "Reminiscences of the Eureka Stockade",

4980: 4932: 4680: 4678: 4491: 4479: 4435: 4358: 4346: 4340: 4269:

An Act to extend the Elective Franchise. Victoria. 1854.

4143: 4110: 3946: 3944: 3870: 3868: 3853: 3763: 3761: 3724: 3722: 3000:

In modern times, there have been calls for the official

2454:

An extract of an affidavit by Hugh King, 7 December 1854

2245:

MLC was to be the chairman, serving alongside lawmakers

1859:

La Trobe introduces monthly mining tax as protests begin

1847: 7935:

Lucky City, The First Generation at Ballarat, 1851–1901

6509: 6494: 6212: 5360: 5358: 5310: 5123: 5025: 4730:. No. 2357. Melbourne. 28 November 1854. p. 4 2712: 8795:"MEETING FOR THE PROTECTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL LIBERTY" 8459:. London: Fleetway Publications Ltd. 14 February 1970. 7509:"Eureka remixed at new Museum of Australian Democracy" 6343: 6319: 6181: 6113:"MEETING FOR THE PROTECTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL LIBERTY" 6078: 5832: 5394: 5298: 5135: 5013: 4799: 4775: 4742: 4213: 4180: 4178: 4176: 3695: 2512:

that the white cross of the Eureka Flag is "really an

66:"Eureka Stockade" redirects here. For other uses, see 7636:. Public Transport Users Association. December 2004. 7202: 7165: 7129: 7037: 6611: 6575: 5753: 5616: 5340: 5325: 5273: 5111: 5063: 4938: 4870: 4841: 4675: 4650: 4417: 4019: 3941: 3917: 3865: 3758: 3719: 3683: 3342:

has design features symbolic of the Eureka Rebellion.

2692:

On 6 December 1854, a 6,000-strong crowd gathered at

2595:

The 40th regiment arrives in Ballarat from Melbourne.

1809: 8866:

Eureka Stockade timeline – State Library of Victoria

8803:. Melbourne. 7 December 1854. p. 5 – via 8749:. Melbourne. 9 December 1854. p. 5 – via 8731:. Melbourne. 6 December 1854. p. 7 – via 8713:. Melbourne. 4 December 1854. p. 5 – via 8695:. Melbourne. 9 December 1854. p. 5 – via 8630:

Pierson, Thomas, diary, SLV, MS 11646, Box 2178/4-5.

7718:"After 150 years, Eureka Flag still stirs rebellion" 7353: 5741: 5355: 4509: 4201: 3975: 1925:

After remonstrations, particularly in Melbourne and

1905:

engraved by Thomas Ham and drawn by D. Tulloch, 1851

8506:

History of Ballarat and Some Ballarat Reminiscences

6758: 5224:"$ 10,000 reward to track down 'other' Eureka flag" 5099: 5075: 4950: 4702: 4638: 4590:"29 November and the Birth of Australian Democracy" 4173: 4161: 4149: 4105:

The Golden Age: A History of the Colony of Victoria

4068: 3805: 3054:

first parliamentary elections in Australian history

2349: 2067:

Legislative Council calls for Commission of Inquiry

9339: 8839:. Melbourne. 10 April 1855. p. 7 – via 8821:. Geelong. 6 December 1854. p. 4 – via 8264:. 7 May 2001. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 7607:. dpc.vic.gov.au. 25 November 2004. Archived from 7190: 6964:Opening address to Eureka 150 Democracy Conference 5781:. Melbourne. 10 April 1855. p. 7 – via 5608:. Melbourne. 10 April 1855. p. 7 – via 5448:. 7 May 2001. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 5429:, 18, 20 (Supreme Court of Victoria 1855). 4382: 4322: 3841: 3029:. Concerning the legacy of the battle, he stated: 2660:Taylor expected further repression, stating that: 2185: 2057:An Act for the Better Management of the Goldfields 9060: 5572:Australian Encyclopaedia Volume Four ELE-GIB 1983 2092:La Trobe's successor as lieutenant-governor, Sir 9583: 8881:The Australian Gold Rush – Australian Government 8679: 8587:. Melbourne: J. P. Atkinson and Co. – via 5594: 5592: 2857: 2574: 2434:featuring the Union Jack beneath the Eureka Flag 8856:Eureka on Trial – Public Record Office Victoria 7903:(4th ed.). Sydney: Grolier Society. 1983. 6889:Legislative Council Reform Act. Victoria. 1950. 4551: 3395:released a commemorative folk cartoon entitled 3127:near marked graves. Sculpted in stone from the 2946:Location of Bakery Hill and the Eureka Stockade 2823: 2281:arrived a few days behind. On 28 November, the 16:1854 gold miners' revolt in Victoria, Australia 8033:Eureka Stockade: A ferocious and bloody battle 5293:The Centennial Magazine: An Australian Monthly 5048:, 29 (Supreme Court of Victoria 1855). 3741:Supplement to the Victorian Government Gazette 3066:taxes. So we make history do its handsprings. 2521:Eureka Stockade: A Ferocious and Bloody Battle 9325: 9046: 8785:. Mackay. 15 May 1934. p. 6 – via 8767:. Kyogle. 29 May 1934. p. 3 – via 8173:. Canberra: Department of Immigration. 1974. 8054:. Loftus, ACT: Australian Army History Unit. 7885:. Carlton: Melbourne University Press. 1974. 5589: 5094:Three Despatches From Sir Charles Hotham 1978 5058:Three Despatches From Sir Charles Hotham 1978 4921:Three Despatches From Sir Charles Hotham 1978 4535:. Australian National Commission for UNESCO. 2273:Escalating violence as military convoy looted 1759: 1112: 637: 446:40th (the 2nd Somersetshire) Regiment of Foot 145:Rebellion put down by the colonial government 9627:Riots and civil disorder in Victoria (state) 8611:, 1854 held at the Mitchell Library, Sydney. 8422:. Sydney and Melbourne: The Worker Trustees. 8319:. Melbourne: Public Record Office Victoria. 8224:Eureka: Rebellion Beneath the Southern Cross 7964: 7951: 7901:Australian Encyclopaedia Volume Four ELE-GIB 7695:"Eureka: A short war that's long on history" 7159: 7086:"Search the Heritage Register and Inventory" 6012:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5439: 5437: 5435: 5267: 3314:, and the Irish ambassador Richard O'Brien. 3136:cemetery, two of whom were journalists. The 1968:Bendigo Petition and the Red Ribbon Movement 1824:The Eureka Rebellion had its origins in the 8398:Flags Through the Ages and Across the World 8355: 6190:"The Eureka Stockade: Gateway to Democracy" 5889: 4793: 3260:Ballarat's best-known tourist destination, 2087: 1903:Great Meeting of Gold Diggers Dec 15th 1851 1894:First gold commissioner arrives in Ballarat 9332: 9318: 9053: 9039: 8981:Ballarat and District Genealogical Society 8705:"By Express. Fatal Collision at Ballaarat" 8598:My Adventures on the Australian Goldfields 8314: 8187: 8006:Blainey, Geoffrey (2008). "Introduction". 7740:"Eureka Skydeck 88: English Visitor Guide" 7411:"New structure proposed for Eureka Centre" 6854:Historical Studies: Eureka Supplement 1965 6736:"Bakery Hill development gets green light" 6409: 6397: 6385: 6245: 5736:Historical Studies: Eureka Supplement 1965 5694: 5692: 5658: 5647:Historical Studies: Eureka Supplement 1965 5376: 5209: 5179:"By Express. Fatal Collision at Ballaarat" 5129: 5007: 4996:Historical Studies: Eureka Supplement 1965 4968: 4825:. Public Record Office of Victoria. 2003. 4738:– via National Library of Australia. 4614: 4411: 4376: 4316: 4257:Historical Studies: Eureka Supplement 1965 4131: 4058: 4046: 3969: 3935: 3823: 2912:his political career. Lynch recalls that: 1766: 1752: 1119: 1105: 644: 630: 151:Thirteen rebel prisoners acquitted in the 96: 8664:. Melbourne: Public Record Office. 1978. 7967:Eureka: reappraising an Australian Legend 7762: 7692: 7247:"Children of rebellion maintain the rage" 6640: 6638: 5432: 5255:(Public Records Office, Melbourne, 1995). 4587: 4581: 3070:In 1999, the Premier of New South Wales, 2618:A map of the stockade and opposing forces 2307:Swearing Allegiance to the Southern Cross 2279:40th (2nd Somersetshire) Regiment of Foot 1798:, which took place on 3 December 1854 at 282: 8959:, and does not reflect subsequent edits. 8942: 8662:Three Despatches From Sir Charles Hotham 8551: 8486:. Ballarat: Ballarat Heritage Services. 8463: 8360:. Kew: Australian Scholarly Publishing. 8123:. Ballarat: Ballarat Heritage Services. 8026:. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. 7664:"Time's up at last for railway landmark" 7506: 6532:Visualising Victoria's Electoral History 6518: 6488: 6421: 6373: 6291:. Melbourne. 24 February 1855. p. 5 5954: 5952: 4898:. Launceston. 7 November 1854. p. 2 4696: 3701: 3579:Charles Evan's diary also mentions that: 3333: 3319:Museum of Australian Democracy at Eureka 3240: 3232: 3221: 3098: 3086: 2867: 2790: 2722: 2613: 2598: 2590: 2449: 2437: 2423: 2359: 2301: 2207: 2195: 2117: 1908: 1897: 1862: 459: 432:Victorian police in the Eureka Rebellion 170:This article is part of a series on the 49:of all important aspects of the article. 8871:Eureka Stockade – Australian Government 8577: 8508:. Ballarat: Ballarat Heritage Service. 8500: 8426: 8276: 8146: 8018: 8005: 7983: 7937:. Carlton: Melbourne University Press. 7917: 7779: 7579:"WELCOME TO THE EUREKA CENTRE BALLARAT" 7348:Eureka: Saga of Australian history 1974 7016: 6865: 6829: 6545: 6503: 6325: 6260:, pp. 205, 359, 436, 438–439, 456. 6165:. Melbourne. 9 December 1854. p. 5 6121:. Melbourne. 7 December 1854. p. 5 6062:. Melbourne. 6 December 1854. p. 7 5838: 5826: 5795: 5689: 5583: 5514:. Melbourne. 9 December 1854. p. 5 5400: 5319: 5304: 5187:. Melbourne. 4 December 1854. p. 5 5165: 5153: 5141: 5069: 4944: 4876: 4847: 4769: 4748: 4684: 4656: 4626: 4457:. Melbourne. 7 December 1854. p. 6 4423: 4364: 4352: 4222: 4116: 4025: 3950: 3874: 3859: 3767: 3728: 3714:The Defence of the Eureka Stockade 1970 3689: 3645: 2428:Oath swearing scene from the 1949 film 661:This article is part of a series on the 9584: 8648: 8522: 8472: 8455:"The Defence of the Eureka Stockade". 8414: 8333: 8240: 8137: 8008:Journal of Australian Colonial History 7954:Journal of Australian Colonial History 7862:For a comprehensive bibliography, see 7715: 7693:Henderson, Gerard (30 November 2004). 7661: 7455:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004 7372:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004 7283:. Sovereignhill.com.au. Archived from 7268:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004 7244: 7221:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004 7171: 7147: 7135: 7073:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004 7061:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004 7048: 7032:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004 6980:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004 6958: 6764: 6753:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004 6733: 6635: 6361: 6349: 6338:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004 6314:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004 6270:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004 6257: 6234:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004 6144:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004 6100:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004 5851:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004 5802:Journal of Australian Colonial History 5698: 5635:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004 5622: 5544: 5334: 5117: 4981:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004 4933:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004 4644: 4563:The British Library: Learning: History 4533:Australian Memory of the World Program 4492:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004 4480:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004 4436:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004 4341:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004 4144:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004 3789:. Melbourne. 30 August 1851. p. 2 441:William Wright (Australian politician) 45:Please consider expanding the lead to 9602:Rebellions against the British Empire 9313: 9034: 8876:Heretic Press – Ballarat 3rd Dec 1854 8639: 8614: 8595: 8392: 8295: 8270:Historical Studies: Eureka Supplement 8149:"Eureka's new memorial walk revealed" 8114:. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. 8109: 8087: 8068: 8049: 8030: 7782:"Eureka's new memorial walk revealed" 7551: 7540:Wickham, Gervasoni & D'Angri 2000 7359: 7336:Wickham, Gervasoni & D'Angri 2000 7281:"Sovereign Hill Sound and Light Show" 7208: 6841: 6819:from the original on 15 January 2012. 6797:from the original on 8 November 2012. 6617: 6605: 6581: 6569: 6454:. Melbourne. 10 April 1855. p. 6 6218: 5949: 5759: 5747: 5532: 5461: 5364: 5349: 5279: 5221: 5105: 5081: 5031: 5019: 4956: 4805: 4781: 4708: 4596:from the original on 2 September 2007 4539:from the original on 15 February 2017 4515: 4207: 4184: 4167: 4155: 4074: 4062: 4003:. Melbourne. 19 April 1853. p. 4 3981: 3811: 2174:, Henry Ross and Samuel Irwin of the 1848:Protests on the goldfields: 1851–1854 9571:Bibliography of the Eureka Rebellion 9477:British army in the Eureka Rebellion 9299:Bibliography of the Eureka Rebellion 9192:British army in the Eureka Rebellion 8818:Geelong Advertiser and Intelligencer 8625:Reminiscences of the Eureka Stockade 8374: 8358:Massacre at Eureka: The untold story 8260:"Historians discuss Eureka legend". 8245:. Ballarat: University of Ballarat. 8221: 8215:The strange story of the Eureka flag 7929: 7864:Bibliography of the Eureka Rebellion 7605:Media Release: OFFICE OF THE PREMIER 7387:. Eurekaballarat.com. Archived from 7232: 6654:. Melbourne. 9 June 1931. p. 14 6557: 6084: 5961:"Papers 1846-1856 [page 69]" 5473: 5444:"Historians discuss Eureka legend". 4569:from the original on 29 January 2017 4565:. London Working Men's Association. 4388: 4328: 4289:. Melbourne. 22 June 1854. p. 4 3923: 3847: 3667:. Geelong. 12 August 1851. p. 2 3479:British army in the Eureka Rebellion 3298:A life-size bronze sculpture of the 2713:Trials for sedition and high treason 2283:12th (East Suffolk) Regiment of Foot 2102: 819:1901 Federal Flag Design Competition 408:Robert Nickle (British Army officer) 308:British army in the Eureka Rebellion 18: 9271:Eureka Rebellion in popular culture 8209: 7662:Murphy, Mathew (14 December 2005). 7196: 6686:. Narrabri. 13 July 1931. p. 3 5901: 5862: 4281:"ARRIVAL OF THE QUEEN OF THE SOUTH" 3420:Eureka Rebellion in popular culture 3174:Colonists' Hall in Lydiard Street. 3004:to be replaced by the Eureka Flag. 2975: 554:Eureka Rebellion in popular culture 428:Vexillology of the Eureka Rebellion 348:John Foster (Australian politician) 77:. For the site of this battle, see 13: 9098:1855 Victorian high treason trials 8929: 8849: 8777:"LAST SURVIVOR OF EUREKA STOCKADE" 8545: 8484:The Eureka Flag: Our Starry Banner 8195:. Sydney: Random House Australia. 8171:Eureka: Saga of Australian history 7716:Walker, Frank (28 November 2004). 7257:from the original on 28 June 2011. 7245:Button, James (27 November 2004). 6608:, pp. 126, 129, 132–134, 136. 6446:"The Diggers and the Two Verdicts" 5992:Australian Dictionary of Biography 5985: 5958: 5476:"Deposition of Witness: Hugh King" 4238:. Sovereign Hill. 21 February 2014 3413: 3367:Public Transport Users Association 2960:A 2015 report commissioned by the 2719:1855 Victorian high treason trials 1810:Origins in the Victorian gold rush 520:1855 Victorian high treason trials 196: 153:1855 Victorian high treason trials 14: 9718: 9395:List of Eureka Stockade defenders 9146:List of Eureka Stockade defenders 8910: 8386:The Victorian Historical Magazine 8193:Eureka: The Unfinished Revolution 7870: 7643:from the original on 21 July 2008 7552:Cluff, Caleb (22 February 2018). 7117:from the original on 27 July 2008 6026: 5928: 4829:from the original on 9 April 2007 3474:List of Eureka Stockade defenders 3317:In 2013 it was relaunched as the 3168:Australian National Heritage List 2587:List of Eureka Stockade defenders 2292: 388:List of Eureka Stockade defenders 83:Eureka Rebellion (disambiguation) 9692:19th century in Victoria (state) 9652:History of Australia (1851–1900) 9566:Timeline of the Eureka Rebellion 9294:Timeline of the Eureka Rebellion 9231:The Eureka Stockade (1855 novel) 8941: 8644:. New York: Harper and Brothers. 8556:. Melbourne: Red Rooster Press. 8466:Eureka: The Story of Peter Lalor 8431:. Millers Point: Murdoch Books. 8317:Eureka from the Official Records 8071:Peter Lalor: the man from Eureka 7832: 7802: 7773: 7756: 7732: 7709: 7686: 7655: 7623: 7593: 7571: 7545: 7507:Westwood, Matthew (4 May 2013). 7500: 7478: 7460: 7431: 7403: 7377: 7299: 7273: 7238: 7177: 7099: 7078: 6985: 6952: 6930: 6915: 6903:. Museum of Australian Democracy 6893: 6882: 6871: 6801: 6779: 6770: 6727: 6702: 6670: 6524: 6470: 6438: 6427: 6275: 6187: 6149: 6105: 6046: 6020: 5994:. Australian National University 5988:"Nickle, Sir Robert (1786–1855)" 5979: 5922: 5895: 5856: 5789: 5765: 5664: 5550: 5498: 5467: 5418: 5406: 5382: 5285: 5253:Eureka From the Official Records 5244: 5215: 5171: 4529:"Ballarat Reform League Charter" 3619: 3598: 3588: 3567: 3549: 3535: 3192:1891 Australian shearers' strike 3082: 2350:Fortification of the Eureka lead 1867:A gold mining licence issued to 1854:Timeline of the Eureka Rebellion 1735: 1150: 1088: 681: 612: 569:The Eureka Stockade (1855 novel) 191: 186: 68:Eureka Stockade (disambiguation) 23: 9078:Eureka Stockade (fortification) 8035:. Newport: Big Sky Publishing. 7857: 7814:National Film and Sound Archive 5037: 4882: 4811: 4754: 4714: 4662: 4620: 4521: 4497: 4441: 4273: 4262: 4228: 4190: 4094: 4080: 3987: 3914:, No 25, 24 December 1851, 871. 3905: 3894: 3880: 3829: 3773: 3525: 3329: 3217: 3114: 2356:Eureka Stockade (fortification) 2186:Ballarat Reform League meetings 2124:Eureka Riot 17th October (1854) 333:Eureka Stockade (fortification) 37:may be too short to adequately 9340:People of the Eureka Rebellion 8831:"TO THE COLONISTS OF VICTORIA" 8607:Huyghue, Samuel Douglas Smyth 8600:. London: Cassell and Company. 8530:. Melbourne: Text Publishing. 8528:The Forgotten Rebels of Eureka 8142:. Sydney: Angus and Robertson. 7925:. Sydney: Angus and Robertson. 7307:"Revamp upgrades Eureka story" 6938:"Anderson flags Eureka debate" 6477:Victoria Constitution Act 1855 5773:"TO THE COLONISTS OF VICTORIA" 5600:"TO THE COLONISTS OF VICTORIA" 5557:Harry Watt (director) (1949). 5474:King, Hugh (7 December 1854). 5222:Cowie, Tom (22 October 2013). 3838:, No 22, 3 December 1851, 825. 3746: 3734: 3651: 3397:Fall Back with the Eureka Jack 2731:of some of the rebels on trial 2534:There was a further report in 207:by John Black Henderson (1854) 47:provide an accessible overview 1: 9622:19th-century reform movements 9256:Eureka Stockade Memorial Park 9062:Battle of the Eureka Stockade 9011:Public Record Office Victoria 8680:Other contemporaneous reports 8572:Public Record Office Victoria 8468:. Melbourne: Hawthorne Press. 8281:. Rowville: Five Mile Press. 8112:Sources of Australian History 7313:. 4 June 2003. Archived from 6530:Ben Reid and Caleb Triscari, 5708:Public Record Office Victoria 5480:Public Record Office Victoria 5426:The Queen v Joseph and others 5045:The Queen v Joseph and others 4670:Public Record Office Victoria 3755:, No. 8, 27 August 1851, 307. 3633: 3573:Pierson's diary states that: 3491:Castle Hill convict rebellion 3408:Eureka Stockade Memorial Park 3304:Eureka Stockade Memorial Park 3107: 2952:Eureka Stockade Memorial Park 2858:Peter Lalor enters parliament 2853:suggested for their removal. 2581:Battle of the Eureka Stockade 2575:Battle of the Eureka Stockade 1996:Anti-Gold Licence Association 1974:Anti-Gold Licence Association 1796:Battle of the Eureka Stockade 559:Eureka Stockade Memorial Park 293:Anti-Gold Licence Association 134:Victorian colonial government 105:by John Black Henderson, 1854 79:Eureka Stockade Memorial Park 75:Battle of the Eureka Stockade 9697:Victoria (state) gold rushes 9246:Eureka Stockade (miniseries) 8901:Radical nationalist database 8623:Nicholls, H. R. (May 1890). 8552:Anderson, Hugh, ed. (1978). 8147:Bottams, Tim (2 June 2022). 8110:Clark, Manning, ed. (1966). 7780:Bottams, Tim (2 June 2022). 6734:Wilson, Amber (1 May 2016). 6548:, pp. 168–170, 174–175. 5464:, pp. 243–244, note 78. 5212:, pp. 654–655, note 56. 4103:as cited in Geoffrey Serle, 3912:Victorian Government Gazette 3836:Victorian Government Gazette 3753:Victorian Government Gazette 3743:, No 6, 13 August 1851, 209. 3583:walking toward the township. 3355:Ballarat V/Line rail service 3095:in Ballarat, erected in 1884 2995:American War of Independence 2824:Commission of Inquiry report 2811:The Colonial Secretary Lord 2646: 1931:Forest Creek Monster Meeting 1804:colonial forces of Australia 584:Eureka Stockade (miniseries) 338:Forest Creek Monster Meeting 238: 7: 9687:History of Victoria (state) 9241:Eureka Stockade (1949 film) 9236:Eureka Stockade (1907 film) 8996:Ballarat Reform League Inc. 8991:Ballarat Historical Society 8656:. Brisbane: Brian Donaghey. 8400:. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill. 8217:. Darlinghurst: The Author. 6995:. State Library of Victoria 5391:eurekacentreballarat.com.au 4722:"SERIOUS RIOT AT BALLAARAT" 4559:"The People's Charter 1838" 4236:"Alcohol on the Goldfields" 3450: 2674:Sir Robert Nichol [ 1802:between the rebels and the 712:European exploration (land) 579:Eureka Stockade (1949 film) 574:Eureka Stockade (1907 film) 533: 148:Fall of the Eureka Stockade 10: 9723: 9486:Other miners and civilians 9088:John King (police officer) 9026:The C. J. La Trobe Society 9016:Sovereign Hill/Gold Museum 8986:Ballarat Heritage Services 8298:Sons of the Southern Cross 8073:. Belmont: Neptune Press. 7861: 6901:"Electoral Act 1856 (Vic)" 5796:Blainey, Geoffrey (2008). 4632:Eureka - its many meanings 3417: 2949: 2861: 2716: 2584: 2578: 2417: 2353: 2189: 2111: 1971: 1851: 1813: 1077:List of years in Australia 707:European exploration (sea) 383:John King (police officer) 72: 65: 9551: 9485: 9444: 9403: 9345: 9279: 9216: 9200: 9154: 9106: 9068: 9021:State Library of Victoria 8300:. Sydney: HarperCollins. 7875: 7183:In an article for Sydney 7107:"Eureka Stockade Gardens" 6813:The Sydney Morning Herald 6791:The Sydney Morning Herald 6033:State Library of Victoria 5965:State Library of Victoria 5935:State Library of Victoria 5908:State Library of Victoria 5869:State Library of Victoria 3608:upon commencement of the 3399:that was inspired by the 2623:on Sunday, the Christian 2492:1804 Castle Hill uprising 495:John Manning (journalist) 318:Charles Pasley (engineer) 139: 128: 118: 110: 95: 9251:Eureka Stockade Monument 8464:Turnbull, Clive (1946). 8446:"The Eureka Rebellion". 8427:Stoljar, Jeremy (2011). 8315:MacFarlane, Ian (1995). 8296:Kieza, Grantlee (2014). 7991:. Melbourne: Sun Books. 7810:"Eureka Stockade (1907)" 7581:. Eureka Centre Ballarat 7253:. Melbourne, Australia. 6922:"The Eureka rebellion". 5967:. Unpublished manuscript 5937:. Unpublished manuscript 5910:. Unpublished manuscript 5871:. Unpublished manuscript 5672:"Eureka Stockade | Ergo" 4101:Melbourne Morning Herald 3518: 3310:, former prime minister 3164:Eureka Stockade Monument 3093:Eureka Stockade Monument 3023:in his 1897 travel book 3002:Australian national flag 2470:process of dissipating. 2088:Hotham replaces La Trobe 594:William Bramwell Withers 564:Eureka Stockade Monument 157:Tax and electoral reform 9617:19th-century rebellions 9607:Rebellions in Australia 9390:William Edward Atherden 9208:William Edward Atherden 8976:Art Gallery of Ballarat 8596:Craig, William (1903). 8379:. Fraser and Jenkinson. 8277:Hocking, Geoff (2004). 8222:Gold, Geoffrey (1977). 8121:The Eureka Encyclopedia 8050:Blake, Gregory (2009). 8031:Blake, Gregory (2012). 7468:"Pikemen - eurekapedia" 7150:, p. 148, note 31. 5535:, p. 183, note 78. 5010:, p. 648, note 13. 4971:, p. 648, note 12. 4588:MacDougal, Ian (2006). 3393:Australian Flag Society 3324:Art Gallery of Ballarat 3277:Art Gallery of Ballarat 3228:Art Gallery of Ballarat 2446:report, 4 December 1854 2384:without being reduced. 2150:On 27 October, Captain 1794:. It culminated in the 1786:colonial government in 1199:By other characteristic 436:William Edward Atherden 9513:Henry Richard Nicholls 9467:Henry Christopher Wise 9187:Henry Christopher Wise 9006:Eureka Centre Ballarat 8937: 8917:Listen to this article 8377:Freedom's Fight of '54 8138:Currey, C. H. (1954). 8093:A History of Australia 7923:A History of Australia 7769:. Ballarat. p. 5. 7442:6 October 2011 at the 7419:. Ballarat. 9 May 2011 6194:Ballarat Reform League 5700:Thomas, John Wellesley 5415:, 12 December 1854, 5. 3585: 3578: 3485:Australian rebellions: 3343: 3246: 3238: 3230: 3125:Ballaarat Old Cemetery 3111: 3096: 3068: 3036: 2935: 2922: 2898:In the event when the 2887: 2877: 2855: 2843: 2821: 2809: 2796: 2732: 2694:Saint Paul's Cathedral 2682: 2667: 2619: 2611: 2596: 2544: 2532: 2509: 2455: 2447: 2435: 2395: 2365: 2314: 2213: 2205: 2192:Ballarat Reform League 2164:Ballarat Reform League 2126: 2037: 1914: 1906: 1871: 544:Australian nationalism 358:Henry Richard Nicholls 353:Henry Christopher Wise 298:Ballarat Reform League 249:Australian gold rushes 201: 81:. For other uses, see 9612:Protests in Australia 9457:John Wellesley Thomas 9177:John Wellesley Thomas 8936: 8886:The Eureka Flag, 1854 8813:"THE EUREKA MASSACRE" 8723:"DEFENCE OF THE CITY" 8642:Following the Equator 8420:Australia's Awakening 8356:O'Brien, Bob (1992). 8241:Harvey, Jack (1994). 7722:Sydney Morning Herald 6683:North Western Courier 6054:"DEFENCE OF THE CITY" 5986:Nickle, Robert, Sir. 5586:, pp. 84–85, 94. 5232:. Ballarat. p. 3 4772:, pp. 54–56, 71. 3580: 3574: 3557:The Revolt at Eureka, 3357:would be renamed the 3337: 3284:interpretation centre 3244: 3236: 3225: 3102: 3090: 3063: 3031: 3026:Following the Equator 2950:Further information: 2930: 2914: 2901:Electoral Act of 1856 2882: 2871: 2850: 2838: 2817: 2805: 2794: 2727:An 1855 engraving in 2726: 2672: 2662: 2617: 2602: 2594: 2585:Further information: 2540: 2528: 2504: 2453: 2441: 2427: 2418:Further information: 2390: 2363: 2305: 2211: 2199: 2152:John Wellesley Thomas 2121: 2032: 1912: 1901: 1866: 1852:Further information: 1501:Bulgarian unification 1177:Counter-revolutionary 200: 9682:December 1854 events 9528:Henry Samuel Chapman 9523:Butler Cole Aspinall 9503:John Basson Humffray 9404:Government officials 9201:Last known survivors 8968:More spoken articles 8897:8 March 2017 at the 8892:The Eureka Rebellion 8640:Twain, Mark (1925). 8615:Lynch, John (1940). 8475:The Revolt at Eureka 8473:Wenban, Ray (1958). 8375:Ross, R. S. (1914). 8341:. Ringwood: Viking. 7728:on 16 November 2011. 6962:(26 November 2004). 6832:, pp. 108, 153. 5959:Taylor, Theophilus. 5637:, pp. 226, 424. 5389:Eureka Nationalities 4935:, p. xiii, 196. 4630:(26 November 2004). 2764:Butler Cole Aspinall 2709:from a severe cold. 2665:of Terror commences. 2488:1798 Irish rebellion 2334:that had assembled. 2168:John Basson Humffray 1826:Australian gold rush 1273:Contentious politics 1144:Political revolution 1095:Australia portal 694:Timeline and periods 619:Australia portal 480:Henry Samuel Chapman 475:Butler Cole Aspinall 378:John Basson Humffray 284:The Eureka Rebellion 205:Eureka Stockade Riot 132:Gold miners and the 103:Eureka Stockade Riot 9702:History of Ballarat 9647:Australian folklore 9445:Military and police 9431:Robert William Rede 9261:Eureka Jack Mystery 9172:Robert William Rede 9155:Military and police 8764:The Kyogle Examiner 8226:. Adelaide: Rigby. 8140:The Irish at Eureka 8069:Blake, Les (1979). 7705:on 6 November 2012. 7472:www.eurekapedia.org 7385:"The Eureka Centre" 7287:on 13 December 2011 7235:, pp. 161–162. 7223:, pp. 185–187. 7019:, pp. 153–154. 6856:, pp. 125–126. 6572:, pp. 130–132. 6560:, pp. 133–134. 6424:, pp. 102–105. 6400:, pp. 198–199. 6364:, pp. 183–184. 6200:on 9 September 2011 5829:, pp. 129–130. 5702:(3 December 1854). 5676:ergo.slv.vic.gov.au 5486:on 12 November 2013 5168:, pp. 116–117. 4983:, pp. 190–191. 4895:Launceston Examiner 4379:, pp. 192–193. 3648:, pp. 254–255. 3513:History of Victoria 3462:Eureka Jack Mystery 3427:The Eureka Stockade 3401:Eureka Jack mystery 3353:announced that the 3348:Premier of Victoria 3021:Battle of Lexington 2420:Eureka Jack Mystery 2166:that was signed by 2050:Robert William Rede 1962:Imperial parliament 1876:Lieutenant-Governor 1820:Victorian gold rush 1792:Victorian gold rush 1788:Victoria, Australia 1742:Politics portal 549:Eureka Jack Mystery 490:John Joseph (rebel) 461:High treason trials 413:Robert William Rede 269:Victorian gold rush 259:Revolutions of 1848 92: 8938: 8609:The Ballarat Riots 8579:Carboni, Raffaello 7820:on 6 November 2018 7674:on 23 October 2012 7521:on 21 January 2014 7391:on 7 December 2011 7075:, pp. 29, 32. 6491:, pp. 18, 39. 5034:, pp. 74, 76. 3664:Geelong Advertiser 3344: 3247: 3239: 3231: 3112: 3097: 2878: 2797: 2733: 2620: 2612: 2597: 2507:hopeful movement. 2456: 2448: 2436: 2366: 2315: 2214: 2206: 2176:Geelong Advertiser 2127: 2028:Geelong Advertiser 1915: 1907: 1872: 1717:Second Arab Spring 992:Northern Territory 902:Chinese Australian 892:African Australian 859:Telecommunications 779:Capital punishment 418:Sir Charles Hotham 202: 123:Colony of Victoria 90: 9677:1855 in Australia 9672:1854 in Australia 9667:1853 in Australia 9662:1852 in Australia 9657:1851 in Australia 9632:Conflicts in 1854 9579: 9578: 9538:William à Beckett 9533:Sir Redmond Barry 9365:Raffaello Carboni 9307: 9306: 9226:Raffaello Carboni 8934: 8671:978-0-72-411706-2 8589:Project Gutenberg 8537:978-1-92214-737-0 8515:978-1-87-647878-0 8493:978-1-87-647813-1 8438:978-1-74-266131-5 8407:978-0-07-059093-9 8367:978-1-87-560604-7 8348:978-0-67-080085-8 8326:978-0-73-066011-8 8307:978-0-73-333156-5 8252:978-0-90-802664-7 8233:978-0-72-700256-3 8202:978-1-74-275525-0 8189:FitzSimons, Peter 8180:978-0-64-293997-5 8130:978-1-87-647861-2 8080:978-0-90-913140-1 8061:978-0-98-047532-6 8042:978-1-92-213204-8 8020:Blainey, Geoffrey 7985:Blainey, Geoffrey 7976:978-1-92-084536-0 7944:978-0-52-284157-2 7919:Barnard, Marjorie 7910:978-0-95-966042-5 7892:978-0-52-284061-2 7542:, pp. 74–75. 7338:, pp. 54–55. 7160:Beggs-Sunter 2004 6993:"Eureka Stockade" 6868:, pp. 56–57. 6723:on 15 April 2018. 6678:"News of the Day" 6596:, pp. 52–53. 6376:, pp. 36–37. 6272:, pp. 20–21. 6221:, pp. 94–95. 6087:, pp. 63–64. 5902:Pierson, Thomas. 5863:Pierson, Thomas. 5547:, pp. 25–27. 5268:Beggs-Sunter 2008 5156:, pp. 78–79. 5022:, pp. 11–12. 4808:, pp. 75–76. 4796:, pp. 63–66. 4784:, pp. 74–75. 4699:, pp. 21–23. 4628:Blainey, Geoffrey 4367:, pp. 38–39. 4355:, pp. 39–40. 4119:, pp. 69–71. 3938:, pp. 10–11. 3926:, pp. 32–34. 3862:, pp. 56–57. 3179:white nationalism 3106:by Beryl Ireland 2991:English Civil War 2987:French Revolution 2778:The Ballarat Star 2442:An extract of an 2255:William Westgarth 2103:Tensions escalate 1869:Raffaello Carboni 1776: 1775: 1310:Mass mobilization 1300:Guerrilla warfare 1129: 1128: 1062: 1061: 1052:Western Australia 914:Jewish Australian 909:Indigenous people 672: 654: 653: 510:William à Beckett 505:Sir Redmond Barry 500:Raffaello Carboni 163: 162: 64: 63: 9714: 9597:Eureka Rebellion 9561:Eureka Rebellion 9518:Archibald Michie 9411:Charles La Trobe 9334: 9327: 9320: 9311: 9310: 9289:Eureka Rebellion 9055: 9048: 9041: 9032: 9031: 9001:Eureka Australia 8958: 8956: 8945: 8944: 8935: 8925: 8923: 8918: 8844: 8826: 8808: 8790: 8772: 8754: 8736: 8718: 8700: 8675: 8657: 8645: 8620: 8601: 8592: 8567: 8541: 8519: 8502:Withers, William 8497: 8478: 8469: 8460: 8451: 8442: 8423: 8411: 8389: 8380: 8371: 8352: 8330: 8311: 8292: 8273: 8265: 8256: 8237: 8218: 8206: 8184: 8166: 8164: 8162: 8143: 8134: 8115: 8106: 8084: 8065: 8046: 8027: 8015: 8002: 7980: 7961: 7948: 7926: 7914: 7896: 7852: 7851: 7849: 7847: 7836: 7830: 7829: 7827: 7825: 7816:. Archived from 7806: 7800: 7799: 7797: 7795: 7777: 7771: 7770: 7760: 7754: 7753: 7752:on 1 March 2015. 7751: 7745:. Archived from 7744: 7736: 7730: 7729: 7724:. Archived from 7713: 7707: 7706: 7701:. Archived from 7690: 7684: 7683: 7681: 7679: 7670:. Archived from 7659: 7653: 7652: 7650: 7648: 7642: 7635: 7627: 7621: 7620: 7618: 7616: 7597: 7591: 7590: 7588: 7586: 7575: 7569: 7568: 7566: 7564: 7549: 7543: 7537: 7531: 7530: 7528: 7526: 7517:. Archived from 7504: 7498: 7497: 7495: 7493: 7488:. The Australian 7482: 7476: 7475: 7464: 7458: 7452: 7446: 7435: 7429: 7428: 7426: 7424: 7407: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7396: 7381: 7375: 7369: 7363: 7357: 7351: 7345: 7339: 7333: 7327: 7326: 7324: 7322: 7303: 7297: 7296: 7294: 7292: 7277: 7271: 7265: 7259: 7258: 7242: 7236: 7230: 7224: 7218: 7212: 7206: 7200: 7194: 7188: 7181: 7175: 7169: 7163: 7157: 7151: 7145: 7139: 7133: 7127: 7126: 7124: 7122: 7103: 7097: 7096: 7094: 7092: 7082: 7076: 7070: 7064: 7058: 7052: 7046: 7035: 7029: 7020: 7014: 7005: 7004: 7002: 7000: 6989: 6983: 6977: 6968: 6967: 6956: 6950: 6949: 6934: 6928: 6927: 6919: 6913: 6912: 6910: 6908: 6897: 6891: 6890: 6886: 6880: 6879: 6875: 6869: 6863: 6857: 6851: 6845: 6839: 6833: 6827: 6821: 6820: 6805: 6799: 6798: 6783: 6777: 6774: 6768: 6762: 6756: 6750: 6744: 6743: 6731: 6725: 6724: 6722: 6715: 6706: 6700: 6699: 6693: 6691: 6674: 6668: 6667: 6661: 6659: 6642: 6633: 6627: 6621: 6615: 6609: 6603: 6597: 6591: 6585: 6579: 6573: 6567: 6561: 6555: 6549: 6543: 6537: 6528: 6522: 6516: 6507: 6501: 6492: 6486: 6480: 6474: 6468: 6467: 6461: 6459: 6442: 6436: 6435: 6431: 6425: 6419: 6413: 6407: 6401: 6395: 6389: 6383: 6377: 6371: 6365: 6359: 6353: 6347: 6341: 6335: 6329: 6323: 6317: 6311: 6305: 6304: 6298: 6296: 6279: 6273: 6267: 6261: 6255: 6249: 6243: 6237: 6231: 6222: 6216: 6210: 6209: 6207: 6205: 6196:. Archived from 6185: 6179: 6178: 6172: 6170: 6153: 6147: 6141: 6135: 6134: 6128: 6126: 6109: 6103: 6097: 6088: 6082: 6076: 6075: 6069: 6067: 6050: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6039: 6027:Evans, Charles. 6024: 6018: 6017: 6011: 6003: 6001: 5999: 5983: 5977: 5976: 5974: 5972: 5956: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5942: 5929:Evans, Charles. 5926: 5920: 5919: 5917: 5915: 5899: 5893: 5887: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5876: 5860: 5854: 5848: 5842: 5836: 5830: 5824: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5813: 5793: 5787: 5786: 5769: 5763: 5757: 5751: 5745: 5739: 5733: 5724: 5723: 5721: 5719: 5710:. Archived from 5696: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5668: 5662: 5656: 5650: 5644: 5638: 5632: 5626: 5620: 5614: 5613: 5596: 5587: 5581: 5575: 5569: 5563: 5562: 5554: 5548: 5542: 5536: 5530: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5502: 5496: 5495: 5493: 5491: 5482:. Archived from 5471: 5465: 5459: 5450: 5449: 5441: 5430: 5428: 5422: 5416: 5410: 5404: 5398: 5392: 5386: 5380: 5374: 5368: 5362: 5353: 5347: 5338: 5332: 5323: 5317: 5308: 5302: 5296: 5289: 5283: 5277: 5271: 5265: 5256: 5248: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5219: 5213: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5194: 5192: 5175: 5169: 5163: 5157: 5151: 5145: 5139: 5133: 5127: 5121: 5115: 5109: 5103: 5097: 5091: 5085: 5079: 5073: 5067: 5061: 5055: 5049: 5047: 5041: 5035: 5029: 5023: 5017: 5011: 5005: 4999: 4993: 4984: 4978: 4972: 4966: 4960: 4954: 4948: 4942: 4936: 4930: 4924: 4918: 4912: 4911: 4905: 4903: 4886: 4880: 4874: 4868: 4862: 4851: 4845: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4815: 4809: 4803: 4797: 4791: 4785: 4779: 4773: 4767: 4761: 4758: 4752: 4746: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4718: 4712: 4706: 4700: 4694: 4688: 4682: 4673: 4666: 4660: 4654: 4648: 4642: 4636: 4635: 4624: 4618: 4612: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4585: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4555: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4525: 4519: 4513: 4507: 4501: 4495: 4489: 4483: 4477: 4471: 4470: 4464: 4462: 4445: 4439: 4433: 4427: 4421: 4415: 4409: 4392: 4386: 4380: 4374: 4368: 4362: 4356: 4350: 4344: 4338: 4332: 4326: 4320: 4314: 4303: 4302: 4296: 4294: 4277: 4271: 4270: 4266: 4260: 4254: 4248: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4232: 4226: 4220: 4211: 4205: 4199: 4198: 4194: 4188: 4182: 4171: 4165: 4159: 4153: 4147: 4141: 4135: 4129: 4120: 4114: 4108: 4098: 4092: 4091: 4084: 4078: 4072: 4066: 4056: 4050: 4044: 4029: 4023: 4017: 4016: 4010: 4008: 3991: 3985: 3979: 3973: 3967: 3954: 3948: 3939: 3933: 3927: 3921: 3915: 3909: 3903: 3898: 3892: 3891: 3884: 3878: 3872: 3863: 3857: 3851: 3845: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3821: 3815: 3809: 3803: 3802: 3796: 3794: 3777: 3771: 3765: 3756: 3750: 3744: 3738: 3732: 3726: 3717: 3711: 3705: 3699: 3693: 3687: 3681: 3680: 3674: 3672: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3627: 3623: 3617: 3602: 3596: 3592: 3586: 3571: 3565: 3553: 3547: 3539: 3533: 3529: 3496:Darwin Rebellion 3282:A purpose-built 3255:Geoffrey Blainey 3211:The Australasian 3109: 3011:American author 2976:Political legacy 2962:City of Ballarat 2786:Archibald Michie 2604:Eureka Slaughter 2484:site of a battle 2463:Peter FitzSimons 2377:Peter FitzSimons 1978:Bendigo Petition 1879:Charles La Trobe 1780:Eureka Rebellion 1768: 1761: 1754: 1740: 1739: 1593:Hungarian (1956) 1425:Spanish American 1154: 1131: 1130: 1121: 1114: 1107: 1093: 1092: 1091: 952: 951: 897:Asian Australian 809:Eureka Rebellion 695: 685: 675: 670: 662: 656: 655: 646: 639: 632: 621: 617: 616: 615: 536: 470:Archibald Michie 462: 423:Suffolk Regiment 313:Charles La Trobe 303:Bendigo Petition 285: 241: 222:Military leaders 195: 190: 180: 179:Eureka Rebellion 171: 165: 164: 100: 93: 91:Eureka Rebellion 89: 59: 56: 50: 27: 19: 9722: 9721: 9717: 9716: 9715: 9713: 9712: 9711: 9582: 9581: 9580: 9575: 9547: 9543:William Stawell 9493:Charles Doudiet 9481: 9440: 9426:William Stawell 9399: 9341: 9338: 9308: 9303: 9275: 9266:Charles Doudiet 9212: 9196: 9150: 9102: 9064: 9059: 8972: 8971: 8960: 8954: 8952: 8949:This audio file 8946: 8939: 8930: 8927: 8921: 8920: 8916: 8913: 8899:Wayback Machine 8852: 8850:Further reading 8847: 8829: 8811: 8793: 8775: 8757: 8739: 8721: 8703: 8685: 8682: 8672: 8650:Wilson, John W. 8564: 8548: 8546:Primary sources 8538: 8516: 8494: 8445: 8439: 8408: 8368: 8349: 8327: 8308: 8289: 8259: 8253: 8234: 8203: 8181: 8160: 8158: 8131: 8103: 8081: 8062: 8043: 7999: 7989:A Land Half Won 7977: 7945: 7911: 7893: 7878: 7873: 7867: 7860: 7855: 7845: 7843: 7838: 7837: 7833: 7823: 7821: 7808: 7807: 7803: 7793: 7791: 7778: 7774: 7761: 7757: 7749: 7742: 7738: 7737: 7733: 7714: 7710: 7691: 7687: 7677: 7675: 7660: 7656: 7646: 7644: 7640: 7633: 7629: 7628: 7624: 7614: 7612: 7611:on 22 July 2008 7599: 7598: 7594: 7584: 7582: 7577: 7576: 7572: 7562: 7560: 7550: 7546: 7538: 7534: 7524: 7522: 7505: 7501: 7491: 7489: 7484: 7483: 7479: 7466: 7465: 7461: 7453: 7449: 7444:Wayback Machine 7436: 7432: 7422: 7420: 7409: 7408: 7404: 7394: 7392: 7383: 7382: 7378: 7370: 7366: 7358: 7354: 7346: 7342: 7334: 7330: 7320: 7318: 7305: 7304: 7300: 7290: 7288: 7279: 7278: 7274: 7266: 7262: 7243: 7239: 7231: 7227: 7219: 7215: 7207: 7203: 7195: 7191: 7185:Daily Telegraph 7182: 7178: 7170: 7166: 7158: 7154: 7146: 7142: 7134: 7130: 7120: 7118: 7105: 7104: 7100: 7090: 7088: 7084: 7083: 7079: 7071: 7067: 7059: 7055: 7047: 7038: 7030: 7023: 7015: 7008: 6998: 6996: 6991: 6990: 6986: 6978: 6971: 6957: 6953: 6948:on 15 May 2010. 6936: 6935: 6931: 6921: 6920: 6916: 6906: 6904: 6899: 6898: 6894: 6888: 6887: 6883: 6877: 6876: 6872: 6864: 6860: 6852: 6848: 6840: 6836: 6828: 6824: 6807: 6806: 6802: 6785: 6784: 6780: 6775: 6771: 6763: 6759: 6751: 6747: 6732: 6728: 6720: 6713: 6707: 6703: 6689: 6687: 6676: 6675: 6671: 6657: 6655: 6644: 6643: 6636: 6628: 6624: 6616: 6612: 6604: 6600: 6592: 6588: 6580: 6576: 6568: 6564: 6556: 6552: 6544: 6540: 6529: 6525: 6517: 6510: 6502: 6495: 6487: 6483: 6475: 6471: 6457: 6455: 6444: 6443: 6439: 6433: 6432: 6428: 6420: 6416: 6410:MacFarlane 1995 6408: 6404: 6398:MacFarlane 1995 6396: 6392: 6386:MacFarlane 1995 6384: 6380: 6372: 6368: 6360: 6356: 6348: 6344: 6336: 6332: 6324: 6320: 6312: 6308: 6294: 6292: 6283:"SUPREME COURT" 6281: 6280: 6276: 6268: 6264: 6256: 6252: 6246:MacFarlane 1995 6244: 6240: 6232: 6225: 6217: 6213: 6203: 6201: 6186: 6182: 6168: 6166: 6155: 6154: 6150: 6142: 6138: 6124: 6122: 6111: 6110: 6106: 6098: 6091: 6083: 6079: 6065: 6063: 6052: 6051: 6047: 6037: 6035: 6025: 6021: 6005: 6004: 5997: 5995: 5984: 5980: 5970: 5968: 5957: 5950: 5940: 5938: 5927: 5923: 5913: 5911: 5900: 5896: 5888: 5884: 5874: 5872: 5861: 5857: 5849: 5845: 5837: 5833: 5825: 5821: 5811: 5809: 5794: 5790: 5771: 5770: 5766: 5758: 5754: 5746: 5742: 5734: 5727: 5717: 5715: 5714:on 4 April 2019 5697: 5690: 5680: 5678: 5670: 5669: 5665: 5659:MacFarlane 1995 5657: 5653: 5645: 5641: 5633: 5629: 5621: 5617: 5598: 5597: 5590: 5582: 5578: 5570: 5566: 5559:Eureka Stockade 5556: 5555: 5551: 5543: 5539: 5531: 5527: 5517: 5515: 5504: 5503: 5499: 5489: 5487: 5472: 5468: 5460: 5453: 5443: 5442: 5433: 5424: 5423: 5419: 5411: 5407: 5399: 5395: 5387: 5383: 5377:FitzSimons 2012 5375: 5371: 5363: 5356: 5348: 5341: 5333: 5326: 5318: 5311: 5303: 5299: 5290: 5286: 5278: 5274: 5266: 5259: 5249: 5245: 5235: 5233: 5220: 5216: 5210:FitzSimons 2012 5208: 5204: 5190: 5188: 5177: 5176: 5172: 5164: 5160: 5152: 5148: 5140: 5136: 5130:MacFarlane 1995 5128: 5124: 5116: 5112: 5104: 5100: 5092: 5088: 5080: 5076: 5068: 5064: 5056: 5052: 5043: 5042: 5038: 5030: 5026: 5018: 5014: 5008:FitzSimons 2012 5006: 5002: 4994: 4987: 4979: 4975: 4969:FitzSimons 2012 4967: 4963: 4955: 4951: 4943: 4939: 4931: 4927: 4923:, pp. 6–7. 4919: 4915: 4901: 4899: 4888: 4887: 4883: 4875: 4871: 4863: 4854: 4846: 4842: 4832: 4830: 4823:Eureka on Trial 4817: 4816: 4812: 4804: 4800: 4792: 4788: 4780: 4776: 4768: 4764: 4759: 4755: 4747: 4743: 4733: 4731: 4720: 4719: 4715: 4707: 4703: 4695: 4691: 4683: 4676: 4667: 4663: 4655: 4651: 4643: 4639: 4625: 4621: 4615:MacFarlane 1995 4613: 4609: 4599: 4597: 4586: 4582: 4572: 4570: 4557: 4556: 4552: 4542: 4540: 4527: 4526: 4522: 4514: 4510: 4502: 4498: 4490: 4486: 4478: 4474: 4460: 4458: 4447: 4446: 4442: 4434: 4430: 4422: 4418: 4412:MacFarlane 1995 4410: 4395: 4387: 4383: 4377:MacFarlane 1995 4375: 4371: 4363: 4359: 4351: 4347: 4339: 4335: 4327: 4323: 4317:MacFarlane 1995 4315: 4306: 4292: 4290: 4279: 4278: 4274: 4268: 4267: 4263: 4255: 4251: 4241: 4239: 4234: 4233: 4229: 4221: 4214: 4206: 4202: 4196: 4195: 4191: 4183: 4174: 4166: 4162: 4154: 4150: 4142: 4138: 4132:MacFarlane 1995 4130: 4123: 4115: 4111: 4099: 4095: 4086: 4085: 4081: 4073: 4069: 4061:, p. 189; 4059:MacFarlane 1995 4057: 4053: 4047:MacFarlane 1995 4045: 4032: 4024: 4020: 4006: 4004: 3993: 3992: 3988: 3980: 3976: 3970:MacFarlane 1995 3968: 3957: 3949: 3942: 3936:MacFarlane 1995 3934: 3930: 3922: 3918: 3910: 3906: 3899: 3895: 3886: 3885: 3881: 3873: 3866: 3858: 3854: 3846: 3842: 3834: 3830: 3824:MacFarlane 1995 3822: 3818: 3810: 3806: 3792: 3790: 3779: 3778: 3774: 3766: 3759: 3751: 3747: 3739: 3735: 3727: 3720: 3712: 3708: 3700: 3696: 3688: 3684: 3670: 3668: 3657: 3656: 3652: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3631: 3630: 3624: 3620: 3614:William Boothby 3603: 3599: 3593: 3589: 3572: 3568: 3562:Eureka Stockade 3554: 3550: 3540: 3536: 3530: 3526: 3521: 3453: 3433:Eureka Stockade 3422: 3416: 3414:Popular culture 3332: 3220: 3129:Barrabool Hills 3117: 3104:Eureka Stockade 3085: 2978: 2954: 2948: 2866: 2860: 2826: 2721: 2715: 2649: 2608:Charles Doudiet 2589: 2583: 2577: 2552: 2479:Irish home rule 2431:Eureka Stockade 2422: 2416: 2358: 2352: 2311:Charles Doudiet 2300: 2295: 2275: 2251:John O'Shanassy 2194: 2188: 2116: 2110: 2105: 2090: 2069: 2030:reported that: 2024:Irish tricolour 1980: 1972:Main articles: 1970: 1935:Mount Alexander 1896: 1861: 1856: 1850: 1822: 1814:Main articles: 1812: 1772: 1734: 1729: 1728: 1385: 1377: 1376: 1248: 1240: 1239: 1200: 1192: 1191: 1162: 1125: 1089: 1087: 1082: 1081: 1072: 1064: 1063: 1016:South Australia 980:New South Wales 956:State/Territory 949: 941: 940: 887: 879: 878: 749: 741: 740: 739: 697: 693: 673: 669: 660: 650: 613: 611: 610: 605: 604: 603: 589:Charles Doudiet 538: 534: 526: 525: 524: 515:William Stawell 464: 460: 452: 451: 450: 393:Miner's licence 287: 283: 275: 274: 273: 243: 239: 231: 208: 178: 169: 106: 86: 71: 60: 54: 51: 44: 32:This article's 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9720: 9710: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9684: 9679: 9674: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9577: 9576: 9574: 9573: 9568: 9563: 9557: 9555: 9549: 9548: 9546: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9489: 9487: 9483: 9482: 9480: 9479: 9474: 9469: 9464: 9462:Charles Pasley 9459: 9454: 9448: 9446: 9442: 9441: 9439: 9438: 9436:William Wright 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9416:Charles Hotham 9413: 9407: 9405: 9401: 9400: 9398: 9397: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9370:Frederick Vern 9367: 9362: 9357: 9351: 9349: 9343: 9342: 9337: 9336: 9329: 9322: 9314: 9305: 9304: 9302: 9301: 9296: 9291: 9285: 9283: 9277: 9276: 9274: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9222: 9220: 9214: 9213: 9211: 9210: 9204: 9202: 9198: 9197: 9195: 9194: 9189: 9184: 9182:Charles Pasley 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9162:Charles Hotham 9158: 9156: 9152: 9151: 9149: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9136:Frederick Vern 9133: 9128: 9123: 9118: 9112: 9110: 9108:Rebel garrison 9104: 9103: 9101: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9074: 9072: 9066: 9065: 9058: 9057: 9050: 9043: 9035: 9029: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9013: 9008: 9003: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8983: 8978: 8961: 8947: 8940: 8928: 8915: 8914: 8912: 8911:External links 8909: 8908: 8907: 8902: 8889: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8845: 8827: 8809: 8791: 8773: 8755: 8737: 8719: 8701: 8681: 8678: 8677: 8676: 8670: 8658: 8646: 8637: 8634: 8631: 8628: 8621: 8612: 8605: 8602: 8593: 8575: 8568: 8562: 8547: 8544: 8543: 8542: 8536: 8520: 8514: 8498: 8492: 8479: 8470: 8461: 8457:Look and Learn 8452: 8443: 8437: 8424: 8412: 8406: 8394:Smith, Whitney 8390: 8381: 8372: 8366: 8353: 8347: 8331: 8325: 8312: 8306: 8293: 8287: 8274: 8266: 8257: 8251: 8238: 8232: 8219: 8207: 8201: 8185: 8179: 8167: 8154:Ballarat Times 8144: 8135: 8129: 8116: 8107: 8101: 8089:Clark, Manning 8085: 8079: 8066: 8060: 8047: 8041: 8028: 8016: 8003: 7997: 7981: 7975: 7962: 7949: 7943: 7927: 7915: 7909: 7897: 7891: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7871:Historiography 7869: 7868: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7853: 7831: 7801: 7787:Ballarat Times 7772: 7755: 7731: 7708: 7685: 7654: 7622: 7592: 7570: 7544: 7532: 7514:The Australian 7499: 7477: 7459: 7457:, p. 428. 7447: 7430: 7402: 7376: 7374:, p. 182. 7364: 7352: 7340: 7328: 7317:on 9 June 2012 7298: 7272: 7270:, p. 187. 7260: 7237: 7225: 7213: 7211:, p. 301. 7201: 7189: 7176: 7164: 7152: 7140: 7128: 7098: 7077: 7065: 7053: 7036: 7034:, p. 183. 7021: 7006: 6984: 6982:, p. 191. 6969: 6951: 6929: 6914: 6892: 6881: 6870: 6858: 6846: 6834: 6822: 6800: 6778: 6769: 6757: 6755:, p. 190. 6745: 6726: 6701: 6669: 6634: 6622: 6620:, p. 146. 6610: 6598: 6586: 6584:, p. 121. 6574: 6562: 6550: 6538: 6523: 6508: 6506:, p. 175. 6493: 6481: 6469: 6437: 6426: 6414: 6412:, p. 199. 6402: 6390: 6388:, p. 198. 6378: 6366: 6354: 6352:, p. 190. 6342: 6340:, p. 374. 6330: 6318: 6306: 6274: 6262: 6250: 6248:, p. 200. 6238: 6236:, p. 443. 6223: 6211: 6188:Bate, Weston. 6180: 6148: 6146:, p. 392. 6136: 6104: 6102:, p. 210. 6089: 6077: 6045: 6019: 5978: 5948: 5921: 5894: 5882: 5855: 5853:, p. 277. 5843: 5831: 5819: 5798:"Introduction" 5788: 5764: 5762:, p. 133. 5752: 5740: 5725: 5688: 5663: 5661:, p. 196. 5651: 5639: 5627: 5615: 5588: 5576: 5564: 5549: 5537: 5525: 5497: 5466: 5451: 5431: 5417: 5405: 5393: 5381: 5379:, p. 455. 5369: 5354: 5352:, p. 270. 5339: 5324: 5322:, p. 105. 5309: 5297: 5284: 5282:, p. 104. 5272: 5257: 5243: 5214: 5202: 5170: 5158: 5146: 5134: 5122: 5110: 5098: 5086: 5074: 5062: 5050: 5036: 5024: 5012: 5000: 4985: 4973: 4961: 4949: 4937: 4925: 4913: 4881: 4869: 4852: 4840: 4810: 4798: 4786: 4774: 4762: 4753: 4751:, p. 111. 4741: 4713: 4701: 4689: 4674: 4661: 4649: 4637: 4619: 4617:, p. 194. 4607: 4580: 4550: 4520: 4518:, p. 188. 4508: 4504:Ballarat Times 4496: 4494:, p. 112. 4484: 4482:, p. xii. 4472: 4440: 4438:, p. 209. 4428: 4416: 4414:, p. 193. 4393: 4381: 4369: 4357: 4345: 4343:, p. 151. 4333: 4321: 4319:, p. 191. 4304: 4272: 4261: 4249: 4227: 4225:, p. 260. 4212: 4210:, p. 255. 4200: 4189: 4172: 4160: 4148: 4136: 4134:, p. 190. 4121: 4109: 4093: 4079: 4067: 4051: 4049:, p. 189. 4030: 4018: 3986: 3984:, p. 308. 3974: 3972:, p. 188. 3955: 3940: 3928: 3916: 3904: 3893: 3879: 3864: 3852: 3840: 3828: 3826:, p. 187. 3816: 3804: 3772: 3770:, p. 158. 3757: 3745: 3733: 3731:, p. 261. 3718: 3706: 3704:, p. 102. 3694: 3692:, p. 255. 3682: 3650: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3628: 3618: 3597: 3587: 3566: 3548: 3534: 3523: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3516: 3515: 3504: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3482: 3481: 3476: 3465: 3464: 3459: 3452: 3449: 3418:Main article: 3415: 3412: 3363:Southern Cross 3331: 3328: 3266:son et lumière 3262:Sovereign Hill 3219: 3216: 3203:Thaddeus Welch 3183:trade unionism 3116: 3113: 3084: 3081: 3043:Robert Menzies 2977: 2974: 2947: 2944: 2862:Main article: 2859: 2856: 2825: 2822: 2749:Ballarat Times 2745:Ballarat Times 2717:Main article: 2714: 2711: 2648: 2645: 2579:Main article: 2576: 2573: 2551: 2548: 2415: 2412: 2354:Main article: 2351: 2348: 2299: 2296: 2294: 2293:Open rebellion 2291: 2274: 2271: 2226:Ballarat Times 2190:Main article: 2187: 2184: 2112:Main article: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2094:Charles Hotham 2089: 2086: 2068: 2065: 2008:William Wright 1969: 1966: 1933:took place at 1895: 1892: 1860: 1857: 1849: 1846: 1834:Thomas Hiscock 1816:Thomas Hiscock 1811: 1808: 1774: 1773: 1771: 1770: 1763: 1756: 1748: 1745: 1744: 1731: 1730: 1727: 1726: 1725: 1724: 1714: 1709: 1708: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1656: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1569: 1568: 1563: 1553: 1552: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1522: 1521: 1516: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1492: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1474:Italian states 1466: 1461: 1460: 1459: 1454: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1428: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1392: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1375: 1374: 1369: 1367:Tax resistance 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1348: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1291: 1290: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1268:Class conflict 1265: 1260: 1258:Civil disorder 1255: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1242: 1241: 1238: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1201: 1198: 1197: 1194: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1156: 1155: 1147: 1146: 1140: 1139: 1127: 1126: 1124: 1123: 1116: 1109: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1084: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1066: 1065: 1060: 1059: 1054: 1048: 1047: 1042: 1036: 1035: 1030: 1024: 1023: 1018: 1012: 1011: 1006: 1000: 999: 994: 988: 987: 982: 976: 975: 970: 964: 963: 958: 950: 947: 946: 943: 942: 939: 938: 937: 936: 931: 921: 916: 911: 906: 905: 904: 894: 888: 885: 884: 881: 880: 877: 876: 871: 866: 864:Rail transport 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 824:Historiography 821: 816: 811: 806: 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 750: 747: 746: 743: 742: 738: 737: 732: 727: 722: 716: 715: 714: 709: 704: 698: 691: 690: 687: 686: 678: 677: 665: 664: 652: 651: 649: 648: 641: 634: 626: 623: 622: 607: 606: 602: 601: 596: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 540: 539: 532: 531: 528: 527: 523: 522: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 466: 465: 458: 457: 454: 453: 449: 448: 443: 438: 433: 430: 425: 420: 415: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 365: 360: 355: 350: 345: 340: 335: 330: 325: 320: 315: 310: 305: 300: 295: 289: 288: 281: 280: 277: 276: 272: 271: 266: 264:Thomas Hiscock 261: 256: 251: 245: 244: 237: 236: 233: 232: 230: 229: 224: 219: 213: 210: 209: 203: 183: 182: 174: 173: 161: 160: 159: 158: 155: 149: 146: 141: 137: 136: 130: 126: 125: 120: 116: 115: 112: 108: 107: 101: 62: 61: 41:the key points 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9719: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9678: 9675: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9655: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9589: 9587: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9558: 9556: 9554: 9550: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9508:Henry Seekamp 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9490: 9488: 9484: 9478: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9452:Robert Nickle 9450: 9449: 9447: 9443: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9408: 9406: 9402: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9388: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9375:Edward Thonen 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9353: 9352: 9350: 9348: 9344: 9335: 9330: 9328: 9323: 9321: 9316: 9315: 9312: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9286: 9284: 9282: 9278: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9223: 9221: 9219: 9215: 9209: 9206: 9205: 9203: 9199: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9167:Robert Nickle 9165: 9163: 9160: 9159: 9157: 9153: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9126:Edward Thonen 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9113: 9111: 9109: 9105: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9093:Pikeman's dog 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9075: 9073: 9071: 9067: 9063: 9056: 9051: 9049: 9044: 9042: 9037: 9036: 9033: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8973: 8969: 8965: 8950: 8906: 8903: 8900: 8896: 8893: 8890: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8853: 8842: 8838: 8837: 8832: 8828: 8824: 8820: 8819: 8814: 8810: 8806: 8802: 8801: 8796: 8792: 8788: 8784: 8783: 8782:Daily Mercury 8778: 8774: 8770: 8766: 8765: 8760: 8756: 8752: 8748: 8747: 8742: 8738: 8734: 8730: 8729: 8724: 8720: 8716: 8712: 8711: 8706: 8702: 8698: 8694: 8693: 8688: 8684: 8683: 8673: 8667: 8663: 8659: 8655: 8651: 8647: 8643: 8638: 8635: 8632: 8629: 8626: 8622: 8618: 8613: 8610: 8606: 8603: 8599: 8594: 8590: 8586: 8585: 8580: 8576: 8573: 8569: 8565: 8563:0-9596490-1-8 8559: 8555: 8550: 8549: 8539: 8533: 8529: 8525: 8524:Wright, Clare 8521: 8517: 8511: 8507: 8503: 8499: 8495: 8489: 8485: 8480: 8476: 8471: 8467: 8462: 8458: 8453: 8449: 8444: 8440: 8434: 8430: 8425: 8421: 8417: 8416:Spence, W. G. 8413: 8409: 8403: 8399: 8395: 8391: 8387: 8382: 8378: 8373: 8369: 8363: 8359: 8354: 8350: 8344: 8340: 8336: 8332: 8328: 8322: 8318: 8313: 8309: 8303: 8299: 8294: 8290: 8288:1-7412-4426-9 8284: 8280: 8275: 8271: 8267: 8263: 8258: 8254: 8248: 8244: 8239: 8235: 8229: 8225: 8220: 8216: 8212: 8208: 8204: 8198: 8194: 8190: 8186: 8182: 8176: 8172: 8168: 8156: 8155: 8150: 8145: 8141: 8136: 8132: 8126: 8122: 8117: 8113: 8108: 8104: 8102:9780522841473 8098: 8094: 8090: 8086: 8082: 8076: 8072: 8067: 8063: 8057: 8053: 8048: 8044: 8038: 8034: 8029: 8025: 8021: 8017: 8013: 8009: 8004: 8000: 7998:0-7251-0411-2 7994: 7990: 7986: 7982: 7978: 7972: 7968: 7963: 7959: 7955: 7950: 7946: 7940: 7936: 7932: 7928: 7924: 7920: 7916: 7912: 7906: 7902: 7898: 7894: 7888: 7884: 7880: 7879: 7865: 7841: 7835: 7819: 7815: 7811: 7805: 7789: 7788: 7783: 7776: 7768: 7767: 7759: 7748: 7741: 7735: 7727: 7723: 7719: 7712: 7704: 7700: 7696: 7689: 7673: 7669: 7665: 7658: 7639: 7632: 7626: 7610: 7606: 7602: 7596: 7580: 7574: 7559: 7555: 7548: 7541: 7536: 7520: 7516: 7515: 7510: 7503: 7487: 7481: 7473: 7469: 7463: 7456: 7451: 7445: 7441: 7438: 7434: 7418: 7417: 7412: 7406: 7390: 7386: 7380: 7373: 7368: 7362:, p. 78. 7361: 7356: 7349: 7344: 7337: 7332: 7316: 7312: 7308: 7302: 7286: 7282: 7276: 7269: 7264: 7256: 7252: 7248: 7241: 7234: 7229: 7222: 7217: 7210: 7205: 7199:, p. 17. 7198: 7193: 7186: 7180: 7174:, p. 95. 7173: 7168: 7162:, p. 55. 7161: 7156: 7149: 7144: 7138:, p. 68. 7137: 7132: 7116: 7112: 7108: 7102: 7087: 7081: 7074: 7069: 7063:, p. 29. 7062: 7057: 7051:, p. 59. 7050: 7045: 7043: 7041: 7033: 7028: 7026: 7018: 7013: 7011: 6994: 6988: 6981: 6976: 6974: 6965: 6961: 6960:Bracks, Steve 6955: 6947: 6943: 6939: 6933: 6925: 6918: 6902: 6896: 6885: 6874: 6867: 6862: 6855: 6850: 6844:, chpt. XXIV. 6843: 6838: 6831: 6826: 6818: 6814: 6810: 6804: 6796: 6792: 6788: 6782: 6773: 6766: 6761: 6754: 6749: 6741: 6737: 6730: 6719: 6712: 6705: 6697: 6685: 6684: 6679: 6673: 6665: 6653: 6652: 6647: 6641: 6639: 6632:, p. 53. 6631: 6626: 6619: 6614: 6607: 6602: 6595: 6590: 6583: 6578: 6571: 6566: 6559: 6554: 6547: 6542: 6536: 6533: 6527: 6521:, p. 40. 6520: 6519:Turnbull 1946 6515: 6513: 6505: 6500: 6498: 6490: 6489:Turnbull 1946 6485: 6478: 6473: 6465: 6453: 6452: 6447: 6441: 6430: 6423: 6422:Anderson 1978 6418: 6411: 6406: 6399: 6394: 6387: 6382: 6375: 6374:Turnbull 1946 6370: 6363: 6358: 6351: 6346: 6339: 6334: 6328:, p. 61. 6327: 6322: 6316:, p. 10. 6315: 6310: 6302: 6290: 6289: 6284: 6278: 6271: 6266: 6259: 6254: 6247: 6242: 6235: 6230: 6228: 6220: 6215: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6184: 6176: 6164: 6163: 6158: 6152: 6145: 6140: 6132: 6120: 6119: 6114: 6108: 6101: 6096: 6094: 6086: 6081: 6073: 6061: 6060: 6055: 6049: 6034: 6030: 6023: 6015: 6009: 5993: 5989: 5982: 5966: 5962: 5955: 5953: 5936: 5932: 5925: 5909: 5905: 5898: 5891: 5886: 5870: 5866: 5859: 5852: 5847: 5841:, p. 95. 5840: 5835: 5828: 5823: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5792: 5784: 5780: 5779: 5774: 5768: 5761: 5756: 5750:, p. 30. 5749: 5744: 5738:, p. 39. 5737: 5732: 5730: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5695: 5693: 5677: 5673: 5667: 5660: 5655: 5649:, p. 36. 5648: 5643: 5636: 5631: 5625:, p. 25. 5624: 5619: 5611: 5607: 5606: 5601: 5595: 5593: 5585: 5580: 5574:, p. 59. 5573: 5568: 5560: 5553: 5546: 5541: 5534: 5529: 5513: 5512: 5507: 5501: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5470: 5463: 5458: 5456: 5447: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5427: 5421: 5414: 5409: 5403:, p. 69. 5402: 5397: 5390: 5385: 5378: 5373: 5367:, p. 37. 5366: 5361: 5359: 5351: 5346: 5344: 5337:, p. 93. 5336: 5331: 5329: 5321: 5316: 5314: 5307:, p. 90. 5306: 5301: 5294: 5288: 5281: 5276: 5269: 5264: 5262: 5254: 5247: 5231: 5230: 5225: 5218: 5211: 5206: 5198: 5186: 5185: 5180: 5174: 5167: 5162: 5155: 5150: 5144:, p. 94. 5143: 5138: 5131: 5126: 5120:, p. 24. 5119: 5114: 5108:, p. 93. 5107: 5102: 5095: 5090: 5084:, p. 88. 5083: 5078: 5072:, p. 96. 5071: 5066: 5059: 5054: 5046: 5040: 5033: 5028: 5021: 5016: 5009: 5004: 4998:, p. 37. 4997: 4992: 4990: 4982: 4977: 4970: 4965: 4959:, p. 76. 4958: 4953: 4947:, p. 59. 4946: 4941: 4934: 4929: 4922: 4917: 4909: 4897: 4896: 4891: 4885: 4879:, p. 68. 4878: 4873: 4867:, p. 51. 4866: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4850:, p. 51. 4849: 4844: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4814: 4807: 4802: 4795: 4790: 4783: 4778: 4771: 4766: 4757: 4750: 4745: 4729: 4728: 4723: 4717: 4711:, p. 73. 4710: 4705: 4698: 4697:Turnbull 1946 4693: 4687:, p. 46. 4686: 4681: 4679: 4671: 4665: 4659:, p. 75. 4658: 4653: 4646: 4641: 4633: 4629: 4623: 4616: 4611: 4595: 4591: 4584: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4554: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4524: 4517: 4512: 4505: 4500: 4493: 4488: 4481: 4476: 4468: 4456: 4455: 4450: 4444: 4437: 4432: 4426:, p. 37. 4425: 4420: 4413: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4391:, p. 59. 4390: 4385: 4378: 4373: 4366: 4361: 4354: 4349: 4342: 4337: 4331:, p. 55. 4330: 4325: 4318: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4300: 4288: 4287: 4282: 4276: 4265: 4259:, p. 33. 4258: 4253: 4237: 4231: 4224: 4219: 4217: 4209: 4204: 4193: 4187:, p. 67. 4186: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4170:, p. 68. 4169: 4164: 4158:, p. 64. 4157: 4152: 4145: 4140: 4133: 4128: 4126: 4118: 4113: 4106: 4102: 4097: 4089: 4083: 4077:, p. 63. 4076: 4071: 4065:, p. 63. 4064: 4060: 4055: 4048: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4028:, p. 65. 4027: 4022: 4014: 4002: 4001: 3996: 3990: 3983: 3978: 3971: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3953:, p. 47. 3952: 3947: 3945: 3937: 3932: 3925: 3920: 3913: 3908: 3902: 3897: 3889: 3883: 3877:, p. 51. 3876: 3871: 3869: 3861: 3856: 3850:, p. 67. 3849: 3844: 3837: 3832: 3825: 3820: 3814:, p. 14. 3813: 3808: 3800: 3788: 3787: 3782: 3776: 3769: 3764: 3762: 3754: 3749: 3742: 3737: 3730: 3725: 3723: 3715: 3710: 3703: 3702:Anderson 1978 3698: 3691: 3686: 3678: 3666: 3665: 3660: 3654: 3647: 3642: 3638: 3622: 3615: 3611: 3610:Electoral Act 3607: 3601: 3591: 3584: 3577: 3570: 3563: 3558: 3552: 3544: 3538: 3528: 3524: 3514: 3511: 3510: 3509: 3508: 3502: 3501:Rum Rebellion 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3488: 3487: 3486: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3471: 3470: 3469: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3454: 3448: 3446: 3445:Edward Thonen 3442: 3437: 3435: 3434: 3429: 3428: 3421: 3411: 3409: 3404: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3389: 3386: 3381: 3379: 3374: 3370: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3349: 3341: 3336: 3327: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3313: 3312:Gough Whitlam 3309: 3305: 3301: 3300:Pikeman's dog 3296: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3280: 3278: 3274: 3273:Gough Whitlam 3269: 3267: 3263: 3258: 3256: 3251: 3243: 3235: 3229: 3224: 3215: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3195: 3193: 3189: 3184: 3180: 3175: 3171: 3169: 3165: 3160: 3158: 3154: 3149: 3147: 3141: 3139: 3138:Ballarat Star 3133: 3130: 3126: 3121: 3105: 3101: 3094: 3089: 3083:Commemoration 3080: 3077: 3076:John Anderson 3073: 3067: 3062: 3060: 3059:secret ballot 3055: 3050: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3028: 3027: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3009: 3005: 3003: 2998: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2983:republicanism 2973: 2969: 2967: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2943: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2927: 2926:Ballarat Star 2921: 2919: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2903: 2902: 2895: 2893: 2886: 2881: 2875: 2872:Rebel leader 2870: 2865: 2854: 2849: 2846: 2842: 2837: 2834: 2830: 2820: 2816: 2814: 2808: 2804: 2802: 2793: 2789: 2787: 2782: 2780: 2779: 2772: 2769: 2765: 2759: 2757: 2752: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2741:Henry Seekamp 2738: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2695: 2690: 2686: 2681: 2679: 2678: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2644: 2641: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2626: 2616: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2593: 2588: 2582: 2572: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2558: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2537: 2531: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2517: 2515: 2508: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2452: 2445: 2440: 2433: 2432: 2426: 2421: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2401: 2400:Robert Nickle 2394: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2378: 2373: 2371: 2362: 2357: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2323: 2319: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2290: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2210: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2183: 2179: 2177: 2173: 2172:Fredrick Vern 2169: 2165: 2160: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2145: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2053: 2051: 2045: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2029: 2025: 2019: 2017: 2011: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1997: 1992: 1989: 1985: 1979: 1975: 1965: 1963: 1958: 1954: 1951: 1946: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1923: 1921: 1920:Forrest Creek 1911: 1904: 1900: 1891: 1889: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1870: 1865: 1855: 1845: 1841: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1821: 1817: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1769: 1764: 1762: 1757: 1755: 1750: 1749: 1747: 1746: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1732: 1723: 1720: 1719: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1635: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1557: 1554: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1397: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1387: 1381: 1380: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1362:Strike action 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1332: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1295:Direct action 1293: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1284: 1283:Demonstration 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1250: 1244: 1243: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1196: 1195: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1164: 1158: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1148: 1145: 1142: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1132: 1122: 1117: 1115: 1110: 1108: 1103: 1102: 1100: 1099: 1096: 1086: 1085: 1078: 1075: 1074: 1068: 1067: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1001: 998: 995: 993: 990: 989: 986: 983: 981: 978: 977: 974: 971: 969: 966: 965: 962: 959: 957: 954: 953: 945: 944: 935: 932: 930: 927: 926: 925: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 903: 900: 899: 898: 895: 893: 890: 889: 883: 882: 875: 874:Unfree labour 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 835: 832: 830: 827: 825: 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 751: 745: 744: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 717: 713: 710: 708: 705: 703: 700: 699: 696: 689: 688: 684: 680: 679: 676: 667: 666: 663: 658: 657: 647: 642: 640: 635: 633: 628: 627: 625: 624: 620: 609: 608: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 541: 537: 530: 529: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 485:Henry Seekamp 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 467: 463: 456: 455: 447: 444: 442: 439: 437: 434: 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 403:Pikeman's dog 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 368:Henry Seekamp 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 343:Fredrick Vern 341: 339: 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 324: 323:Edward Thonen 321: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 290: 286: 279: 278: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 246: 242: 235: 234: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 214: 212: 211: 206: 199: 194: 189: 185: 184: 181: 176: 175: 172: 167: 166: 156: 154: 150: 147: 144: 143: 142: 138: 135: 131: 127: 124: 121: 117: 113: 109: 104: 99: 94: 88: 84: 80: 76: 69: 58: 48: 42: 40: 35: 30: 26: 21: 20: 9560: 9498:James Scobie 9380:John Manning 9288: 9131:John Manning 8834: 8816: 8798: 8780: 8762: 8744: 8726: 8708: 8690: 8661: 8653: 8641: 8624: 8616: 8608: 8597: 8583: 8571: 8553: 8527: 8505: 8483: 8474: 8465: 8456: 8447: 8428: 8419: 8397: 8388:. Melbourne. 8385: 8376: 8357: 8338: 8335:Molony, John 8316: 8297: 8278: 8269: 8261: 8242: 8223: 8214: 8192: 8170: 8159:. Retrieved 8152: 8139: 8120: 8111: 8092: 8070: 8051: 8032: 8023: 8011: 8007: 7988: 7966: 7957: 7953: 7934: 7931:Bate, Weston 7922: 7900: 7882: 7858:Bibliography 7844:. Retrieved 7834: 7822:. Retrieved 7818:the original 7804: 7792:. Retrieved 7785: 7775: 7764: 7758: 7747:the original 7734: 7726:the original 7721: 7711: 7703:the original 7698: 7688: 7676:. Retrieved 7672:the original 7667: 7657: 7645:. Retrieved 7625: 7613:. Retrieved 7609:the original 7604: 7595: 7583:. Retrieved 7573: 7561:. Retrieved 7557: 7547: 7535: 7523:. Retrieved 7519:the original 7512: 7502: 7490:. Retrieved 7480: 7471: 7462: 7450: 7433: 7421:. Retrieved 7414: 7405: 7393:. Retrieved 7389:the original 7379: 7367: 7355: 7350:, p. 7. 7343: 7331: 7319:. Retrieved 7315:the original 7310: 7301: 7289:. Retrieved 7285:the original 7275: 7263: 7250: 7240: 7228: 7216: 7204: 7192: 7184: 7179: 7167: 7155: 7143: 7131: 7119:. Retrieved 7101: 7089:. Retrieved 7080: 7068: 7056: 7017:Withers 1999 6997:. Retrieved 6987: 6963: 6954: 6946:the original 6941: 6932: 6923: 6917: 6905:. Retrieved 6895: 6884: 6873: 6866:Blainey 1963 6861: 6849: 6837: 6830:Carboni 1855 6825: 6812: 6803: 6790: 6781: 6772: 6760: 6748: 6739: 6729: 6718:the original 6704: 6694:– via 6688:. Retrieved 6681: 6672: 6662:– via 6656:. Retrieved 6649: 6625: 6613: 6601: 6589: 6577: 6565: 6553: 6546:Withers 1999 6541: 6531: 6526: 6504:Withers 1999 6484: 6476: 6472: 6462:– via 6456:. Retrieved 6449: 6440: 6429: 6417: 6405: 6393: 6381: 6369: 6357: 6345: 6333: 6326:Stoljar 2011 6321: 6309: 6299:– via 6293:. Retrieved 6286: 6277: 6265: 6253: 6241: 6214: 6204:13 September 6202:. Retrieved 6198:the original 6193: 6183: 6173:– via 6167:. Retrieved 6160: 6151: 6139: 6129:– via 6123:. Retrieved 6116: 6107: 6080: 6070:– via 6064:. Retrieved 6057: 6048: 6036:. Retrieved 6032: 6022: 5996:. Retrieved 5991: 5981: 5969:. Retrieved 5964: 5939:. Retrieved 5934: 5924: 5912:. Retrieved 5907: 5897: 5892:, p. x. 5890:O'Brien 1992 5885: 5873:. Retrieved 5868: 5858: 5846: 5839:Carboni 1855 5834: 5827:Withers 1999 5822: 5810:. Retrieved 5805: 5801: 5791: 5776: 5767: 5755: 5743: 5716:. Retrieved 5712:the original 5679:. Retrieved 5675: 5666: 5654: 5642: 5630: 5618: 5603: 5584:Carboni 1855 5579: 5567: 5558: 5552: 5540: 5528: 5516:. Retrieved 5509: 5500: 5488:. Retrieved 5484:the original 5469: 5445: 5425: 5420: 5412: 5408: 5401:Carboni 1855 5396: 5384: 5372: 5320:Withers 1999 5305:Carboni 1855 5300: 5292: 5287: 5275: 5252: 5246: 5234:. Retrieved 5227: 5217: 5205: 5195:– via 5189:. Retrieved 5182: 5173: 5166:Withers 1999 5161: 5154:Carboni 1855 5149: 5142:Withers 1999 5137: 5125: 5113: 5101: 5096:, p. 7. 5089: 5077: 5070:Carboni 1855 5065: 5060:, p. 2. 5053: 5044: 5039: 5027: 5015: 5003: 4976: 4964: 4952: 4945:Carboni 1855 4940: 4928: 4916: 4906:– via 4900:. Retrieved 4893: 4884: 4877:Carboni 1855 4872: 4848:Carboni 1855 4843: 4831:. Retrieved 4822: 4813: 4801: 4794:O'Brien 1992 4789: 4777: 4770:Carboni 1855 4765: 4756: 4749:Withers 1999 4744: 4732:. Retrieved 4725: 4716: 4704: 4692: 4685:Carboni 1855 4669: 4664: 4657:Carboni 1855 4652: 4647:, p. 2. 4640: 4631: 4622: 4610: 4598:. Retrieved 4592:. Webdiary. 4583: 4571:. Retrieved 4562: 4553: 4541:. Retrieved 4532: 4523: 4511: 4503: 4499: 4487: 4475: 4465:– via 4459:. Retrieved 4452: 4443: 4431: 4424:Carboni 1855 4419: 4384: 4372: 4365:Carboni 1855 4360: 4353:Carboni 1855 4348: 4336: 4324: 4297:– via 4291:. Retrieved 4284: 4275: 4264: 4252: 4240:. Retrieved 4230: 4223:Barnard 1962 4203: 4192: 4163: 4151: 4146:, p. x. 4139: 4117:Hocking 2004 4112: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4082: 4070: 4054: 4026:Hocking 2004 4021: 4011:– via 4005:. Retrieved 3998: 3989: 3977: 3951:Withers 1999 3931: 3919: 3911: 3907: 3896: 3882: 3875:Hocking 2004 3860:Hocking 2004 3855: 3843: 3835: 3831: 3819: 3807: 3797:– via 3791:. Retrieved 3784: 3775: 3768:Blainey 1983 3752: 3748: 3740: 3736: 3729:Barnard 1962 3716:, p. 6. 3709: 3697: 3690:Barnard 1962 3685: 3675:– via 3669:. Retrieved 3662: 3653: 3646:Barnard 1962 3641: 3621: 3609: 3600: 3590: 3581: 3575: 3569: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3542: 3537: 3527: 3506: 3505: 3484: 3483: 3467: 3466: 3441:German Teddy 3440: 3438: 3431: 3426: 3423: 3405: 3396: 3390: 3385:Eureka Tower 3382: 3375: 3371: 3358: 3351:Steve Bracks 3345: 3340:Eureka Tower 3338:Melbourne's 3330:21st century 3316: 3308:Steve Bracks 3297: 3281: 3270: 3259: 3252: 3248: 3218:20th century 3210: 3206: 3196: 3176: 3172: 3161: 3156: 3152: 3150: 3142: 3137: 3134: 3122: 3118: 3115:19th century 3103: 3069: 3064: 3051: 3037: 3032: 3024: 3010: 3006: 2999: 2979: 2970: 2959: 2955: 2940: 2936: 2931: 2925: 2923: 2915: 2910: 2906: 2899: 2896: 2888: 2883: 2879: 2851: 2847: 2844: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2818: 2813:John Russell 2810: 2806: 2798: 2783: 2776: 2773: 2767: 2760: 2753: 2748: 2744: 2734: 2728: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2675: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2640:forlorn hope 2637: 2633: 2629: 2621: 2603: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2553: 2545: 2541: 2535: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2520: 2518: 2510: 2505: 2500: 2496: 2475:Vinegar Hill 2472: 2458: 2457: 2443: 2429: 2408: 2404: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2382: 2374: 2367: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2327: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2306: 2287: 2276: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2247:John Fawkner 2243:W. C. Haines 2239: 2235: 2231: 2225: 2215: 2201: 2180: 2175: 2161: 2157:Evelyn Sturt 2149: 2144:John Manning 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2123: 2114:James Scobie 2098: 2091: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2062: 2056: 2054: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2027: 2020: 2012: 2000: 1993: 1981: 1959: 1955: 1947: 1943: 1940: 1924: 1916: 1902: 1884: 1873: 1842: 1823: 1779: 1777: 1628:People Power 1495: 1345:Disobedience 960: 955: 808: 794:Constitution 784:Civil rights 764:Antisemitism 735:1945–present 659: 373:James Scobie 204: 177: 168: 129:Participants 102: 87: 52: 36: 34:lead section 9421:John Foster 9385:John Joseph 9355:Peter Lalor 9141:John Joseph 9116:Peter Lalor 9083:Eureka Flag 8861:Eurekapedia 8687:"BALLAARAT" 8448:7.30 Report 7960:(1): 15–34. 7846:10 February 7766:The Courier 7678:10 February 7631:"PTUA News" 7558:The Courier 7486:"Nocookies" 7416:The Courier 7395:29 November 7321:10 February 7311:The Courier 7291:29 November 7172:Spence 1909 7148:Harvey 1994 7136:Harvey 1994 7091:25 February 7049:Harvey 1994 6924:7:30 report 6765:Harvey 1994 6740:The Courier 6690:17 November 6658:14 December 6362:Molony 1984 6350:Molony 1984 6258:Wright 2013 5623:Wenban 1958 5545:Wenban 1958 5506:"BALLAARAT" 5335:Currey 1954 5236:17 November 5229:The Courier 5191:17 November 5118:Harvey 1994 4902:17 November 4890:"Ballaarat" 4833:20 February 4645:Harvey 1994 4449:"Ballaarat" 3671:11 December 3659:"MORE GOLD" 3606:open voting 3457:Eureka Flag 3378:John Howard 3359:Eureka Line 3190:during the 3146:Waurn Ponds 3047:Ben Chifley 3039:H. V. Evatt 2966:Bakery Hill 2874:Peter Lalor 2864:Peter Lalor 2756:John Joseph 2514:Irish cross 2486:during the 2467:Eureka Jack 2218:Bakery Hill 1984:Castlemaine 1964:in London. 1790:during the 1690:Arab Spring 1288:Human chain 1278:Coup d'état 1187:Proletarian 934:Transgender 829:Immigration 759:Agriculture 671:History of 398:Peter Lalor 328:Eureka Flag 55:August 2024 9637:1854 riots 9592:Rebellions 9586:Categories 9360:Henry Ross 9121:Henry Ross 8964:Audio help 8955:2006-06-29 8157:. Ballarat 8014:(1): 1–14. 7790:. Ballarat 7647:5 November 7615:5 November 7360:Smith 1975 7209:Kieza 2014 6842:Twain 1925 6651:The Herald 6618:Blake 1979 6606:Blake 1979 6582:Blake 1979 6570:Blake 1979 6219:Blake 1979 5812:21 January 5760:Blake 2012 5748:Lynch 1940 5706:(Report). 5533:Blake 2009 5518:8 December 5490:8 December 5462:Blake 2012 5365:Lynch 1940 5350:Craig 1903 5280:Blake 2012 5106:Blake 1979 5082:Blake 2012 5032:Blake 1979 5020:Lynch 1940 4957:Blake 1979 4806:Clark 1987 4782:Clark 1987 4709:Clark 1987 4600:17 January 4516:Smith 1975 4208:Craig 1903 4185:Clark 1987 4168:Clark 1987 4156:Clark 1987 4088:"The Flag" 4075:Clark 1987 4063:Clark 1987 3982:Clark 1966 3888:"The Flag" 3812:Clark 1987 3634:References 3188:Barcaldine 3013:Mark Twain 2803:was that: 2370:Henry Ross 2202:(pictured) 2016:Union Jack 1712:Euromaidan 1660:Bolivarian 1608:Nicaraguan 1588:Guatemalan 1526:Young Turk 1506:Philippine 1335:Nonviolent 1330:Resistance 1305:Insurgency 1215:Nonviolent 1210:From above 1182:Democratic 1004:Queensland 814:Federation 702:Prehistory 363:Henry Ross 9472:John King 8836:The Argus 8800:The Argus 8746:The Argus 8728:The Argus 8710:The Argus 8692:The Argus 7233:Ross 1914 6558:Bate 1978 6288:The Argus 6162:The Argus 6118:The Argus 6085:Gold 1977 6059:The Argus 6008:cite book 5941:12 August 5914:12 August 5875:12 August 5778:The Argus 5681:24 August 5605:The Argus 5511:The Argus 5413:The Argus 5184:The Argus 4727:The Argus 4454:The Argus 4389:Bate 1978 4329:Bate 1978 4286:The Argus 4000:The Argus 3995:"BENDIGO" 3924:Bate 1978 3848:Bate 1978 3786:The Argus 3543:The Argus 3443:concerns 3271:In 1973, 3199:cyclorama 2993:, or the 2916:The semi- 2768:The Argus 2647:Aftermath 2536:The Argus 2459:The Argus 2332:angry mob 2003:Sandhurst 1988:Heathcote 1838:Buninyong 1665:Bulldozer 1618:Carnation 1613:Argentine 1556:1917–1923 1544:Communist 1489:Hungarian 1325:Rebellion 1263:Civil war 1225:Permanent 1172:Communist 1167:Bourgeois 1045:Melbourne 948:By region 804:Economics 799:Diplomacy 769:Anzac Day 730:1901–1945 725:1851–1900 720:1788–1850 674:Australia 114:1851–1854 39:summarize 9707:Ballarat 9642:Chartism 9553:See also 9281:See also 8966: · 8895:Archived 8652:(1963). 8581:(1855). 8526:(2013). 8504:(1999). 8418:(1909). 8396:(1975). 8337:(1984). 8262:Lateline 8213:(1963). 8211:Fox, Len 8191:(2012). 8091:(1987). 8022:(1963). 7987:(1983). 7933:(1978). 7921:(1962). 7638:Archived 7440:Archived 7255:Archived 7197:Fox 1963 7115:Archived 6942:ABC News 6817:Archived 6795:Archived 5446:Lateline 4827:Archived 4734:19 April 4594:Archived 4567:Archived 4537:Archived 3507:General: 3451:See also 3072:Bob Carr 2918:Chartist 2892:Ballarat 2801:mens rea 2739:against 2737:sedition 2328:en masse 2222:Chartist 1800:Ballarat 1722:Sudanese 1700:Egyptian 1695:Tunisian 1648:Romanian 1549:Cultural 1535:Chinese 1510:Iranian 1479:February 1400:American 1395:Atlantic 1384:Examples 1357:Samizdat 1161:By class 1136:a series 1134:Part of 1071:See also 1040:Victoria 1028:Tasmania 1021:Adelaide 1009:Brisbane 973:Canberra 929:Marriage 886:By group 869:Religion 849:Monarchy 844:Military 754:Abortion 254:Chartism 217:Timeline 119:Location 8953: ( 8924:minutes 8161:30 June 7824:28 June 7794:30 June 7699:The Age 7668:The Age 7585:16 June 7563:16 June 7525:16 June 7492:15 June 7423:18 June 7251:The Age 6999:30 June 6451:The Age 6295:18 July 6066:14 June 6038:22 July 5808:(1): 10 4242:18 June 3207:The Age 3201:artist 3153:Courier 3017:Concord 2743:of the 2729:The Age 2625:Sabbath 2557:Sabbath 1950:Bendigo 1927:Geelong 1830:guineas 1784:British 1653:Singing 1603:Rwandan 1578:Spanish 1573:Siamese 1561:Russian 1531:Mexican 1457:Belgian 1432:Serbian 1420:Haitian 1405:Brabant 1390:English 1320:Protest 1253:Boycott 1247:Methods 1220:Passive 961:Capital 774:Banking 599:Len Fox 240:Origins 140:Outcome 9347:Rebels 9218:Legacy 8668: 8560: 8534: 8512: 8490: 8435: 8404: 8364: 8345: 8339:Eureka 8323: 8304: 8285: 8249: 8230: 8199: 8177: 8127: 8099: 8077: 8058: 8039: 7995: 7973: 7941: 7907: 7889: 7876:Modern 7121:8 July 6907:7 June 6458:20 May 6169:21 May 6125:21 May 5998:14 May 5971:13 May 5718:2 June 4573:14 May 4461:21 May 4293:19 May 4007:21 May 3793:19 May 3781:"GOLD" 3468:Lists: 3288:Eureka 2989:, the 2610:, 1854 2490:. 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