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and was labelled 'Found in a Tent After the Affair at Eureka'. The sketches were first reproduced in Frank Cayley's book Flag of Stars. The assumption made in the accompanying text was that the sketch was a draft design for the making of the flag. While this assumption is quite plausible, it would seem more likely that the sketch was made after the capture of the flag. Note the tattered leading edge and indistinct star. The number of points to the stars represented also does not tally with those on the surviving 'King' flag. This sketch was, perhaps, drawn after the flag was 'brought in triumph' to the government camp and while it was being savaged by eager souvenir hunters. The two sketches have been drawn by different hands, and many details of design differ considerably (notably the hoist edge and number of star points). The size of the flag in the sketch with figure does not tally with the enormous size of the 'King' flag, and is probably a later, not contemporary, representation."
1969:. The author Len Fox had received correspondence from Val D'Argri who had been informed by an aunt, May Flavell, that her great grandmother was one of three women responsible for sewing the Eureka Flag. In 1992, Fox also named Anne Duke for the first time on the basis of oral tradition preserved by the organisation Eureka's Children, which was formed in 1988 by descendants of those who took part in the Eureka Rebellion. Anastasia Hayes was only put forward in 2000 by her descendant Anne Hall, a Children of Eureka committee member. In 1889, William Withers interviewed Anastasia Hayes for his 1870 book on the history of Ballarat. Hayes recalled being present when Peter Lalor's arm was amputated in the St Alipius presbytery. However, she apparently mentioned nothing about the Eureka Flag.
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1252:, who was the Ballarat gold commissioner at the time of the battle. In his 1896 article, Withers states that Robert Rede sent these fragments to him. They were compared to the pieces loaned to the art gallery in 1895. After a minute comparison by Mr Grainger of Sunnyside Woollen Mills, they were adjudged to be the same. A small piece of blue material was later donated to the Melbourne Public Library by Mr A. S. Kenyon, who died in 1943. Along with the fragment was a written statement signed by Mrs Clendinning that reads, "Piece of the flag set up in the Stockade. Given to me by Dr Alfred Carr immediately after it was taken."
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centimetres (7.1 in) from the fly end of the flag and 20 degrees left of vertical. The top star has a number of irregularities and is missing 200 square centimetres (31 sq in). It also features several holes and stains. The bottom star is seventy degrees to the right of vertical and is mainly intact with two areas of about 20 square centimetres (3.1 sq in) missing, along with a number of smaller holes. Unlike the woollen field, the cotton material used for the cross is in a state of advanced decay. The horizontal arm has large holes along with brittle threads and dishevelled edges.
1819:... three or four hundred yards a heavy fire from the stockade was opened on the troops and me. When the fire was opened on us we received orders to fire. I saw some of the 40th wounded lying on the ground but I cannot say that it was before the fire on both sides. I think some of the men in the stockade should – they had a flag flying in the stockade; it was a white cross of five stars on a blue ground. – flag was afterwards taken from one of the prisoners like a union jack – we fired and advanced on the stockade, when we jumped over, we were ordered to take all we could prisoners ...
914:, Frank Cayley published two sketches he discovered on a visit to the soon-to-be headquarters of the Ballarat Historical Society in 1963, which may be the original plans for the Eureka Flag. One is a two-dimensional drawing of a flag bearing the words "blue" and "white" to denote the colour scheme. Cayley has concluded: "It looks like a rough design of the so-called King Flag." The other sketch was "pasted on the same piece of card shows the flag being carried by a bearded man" that Cayley believes may have been intended as a representation of Henry Ross.
1231:. The City of Ballarat had received a permit from Heritage Victoria to proceed with the conservation work. A full assessment of the state of the flag was commissioned. The report compiled by Artlab described the flag as "arguably the most important historical textile in Australia". The old backing cloth was replaced with state-of-the-art materials that are less prone to deterioration, along with the timber backing board. A new, purpose-built, low-light, temperature-controlled display case was also constructed. The art gallery then loaned the flag to the
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diggings; and if two hundred persons on the same spot choose to hoist their particular flag, what each means we are utterly unable to tell, and no general meaning as to hostility to the
Government can be drawn from the simple fact that the diggers on that occasion hoisted a flag ... I only throw it out to you because it is utterly impossible, in the multiplicity of flags that have been hoisted on the diggings, to draw an exact inference as to the hoisting of any one particular flag at one spot.
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from some variations in colour due to fading, he could detect no difference. Cayley shared his findings with fellow Eureka investigator Len Fox. They organised for experts from the School of
Textile Technology at the University of New South Wales to test a piece of the Bradford fragment and a piece from the art gallery in Fox's possession. In November 1963, the report was released, concluding that the two fragments "are most probably from the same source".
1528:. The Eureka Flag is often informally flown on-site at building and other construction sites by members of the construction, forestry, maritime, mining and energy unions. It is deemed to be a trade union symbol under the Commonwealth building code, which prohibits using any "building association logos, mottos or indicia" on property, clothing or equipment that suggests union membership is required to work on government-funded projects. In 2022, the
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on demand of myself or my son, Arthur King. The main portion of the flag was torn along the rope that attached it to the staff, but there is still part of it around the rope so that I suppose it would be best to send the whole of it as it now is. You will find several holes, that were caused by bullets that were fired at my late husband in his endeavours to seize the flag at that memorable event:- Yours, &c.,
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formation of a committee of citizens to "beautify the spot, and to preserve the tree stump" upon which Lalor addressed the assembled rebels during the oath swearing ceremony. It was reported that the stump had "been securely fenced in, and the enclosed area is to be planted with floriferous trees. The spot is adjacent to Eureka, which is famed alike for the stockade fight and for the fact that the
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1705:... perhaps because of its association with labour riots and a time of political crisis in Australian history, was long forgotten. A century after it was first hoisted, however, Australian authors began to recognise that it had been an inspiration, both in spirit and design, for many banners up to and including the current official civil and state flags of the nation.
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object to behold. There is no flag in Europe, or in the civilised world, half so beautiful and Bakery Hill as being the first place where the
Australian ensign was first hoisted, will be recorded in the deathless and indelible pages of history. The flag is silk, blue ground with a large silver cross; no device or arms, but all exceedingly chaste and natural.
1363:. However, it had become so tainted through appearing on bumper stickers with racist slogans that "The Southern Cross is becoming a symbol not of unity but of exclusion." According to Craven, the union movement has also politicised the Eureka Flag, given that "The Eureka Stockade was not exclusively about the working class but also the middle class."
869:, whom the Victorian Works Department employed at Ballarat as a foreman, claimed that he had originally conceptualised the Eureka Flag after becoming sympathetic to the rebel cause. He then recalls that it was constructed from bunting by a tarpaulin maker. There is another popular tradition where the flag design is credited to a member of the
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of over 10,000 demonstrators: "We swear by the
Southern Cross to stand truly by each other and fight to defend our rights and liberties." Raffaello Carboni recalls that Henry Ross was the "bridegroom" of the flag and "sword in hand, he had posted himself at the foot of the flag-staff, surrounded by his rifle division".
1672:, 14 July. The demonstrators were eventually read the riot act and had shots fired over their heads before being dispersed by mounted troopers. The trouble gradually subsided as more soldiers and marines were sent from Sydney. In 1870, the town was renamed in honour of former New South Wales governor,
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refused a request to fly the Eureka Flag at the local civic centre to commemorate the 166th anniversary of the Eureka
Stockade in 2020. Councillor Jennifer Bonham noted the flag's place in the "struggle for democracy." However, she said it must be acknowledged that "the Chinese were persecuted on the
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The art gallery had received a $ 1,000 grant from the state government to cover half the estimated cost of repairing and mounting the flag. Ballarat seamstress Val D'Angri did the conservation work in May 1973. Along with a pin, there was a "W" mark discovered at the fly end of the cross that D'Angri
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The Eureka Flag was retained by John King, who quit the police force two days after the state treason trials ended to become a farmer. In the late 1870s, he eventually settled near Minyip in the
Victorian Wimmera district. It was here that the flag "made occasional appearances at country bazaars". In
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Carboni, an eyewitness to the battle, recalls that: "A wild 'hurrah!' burst out and 'the
Southern Cross' was torn down, I should say, among their laughter, such as if it had been a prize from a May-pole ... The red-coats were now ordered to 'fall in'; their bloody work was over, and were marched
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John Lynch, who fought at the Eureka
Stockade, said: "I have a vague recollection of its being pulled down by the soldiers amidst a chorus of jeers and ribald shoutings. A private of the 40th Regiment told myself and other prisoners that he was one of those who rough handled it." Theophilus Williams,
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of the Force". King had volunteered for the honour while the battle was still raging. W. Bourke, a miner residing about 250 yards from the stockade, recalled that: "The police negotiated the wall of the
Stockade on the south-west, and I then saw a policeman climb the flag pole. When up about 12 or 14
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Lalor, armed with a rifle, took the initiative by mounting a stump and proclaiming "liberty", then called for rebel volunteers to form themselves into companies. Near the base of the flagpole, Lalor knelt with his head uncovered, pointed his right hand to the Eureka Flag, and swore to the affirmation
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Then, there was an uproar over the arrest of
Catholic Father Smyth's disabled Armenian servant, Johannes Gregorius. He was subjected to police brutality and false arrest for licence evasion even though it was revealed he was exempt from the requirement. Gregorius was instead convicted of assaulting a
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In my opinion, this report of the Union Jack being on the same flagpole as the flag of the Southern Cross is not credible. There is no independent corroborating report in any other newspaper, letter, diary or book, and one would have expected Raffaello Carboni, for one, to have mentioned it had that
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The Lambing Flat banner was painted on a tent flap and is now on display at the Lambing Flat Museum. It bears a Southern Cross superimposed over a St Andrew's cross with the inscription "ROLL UP. ROLL UP. NO CHINESE." It has been claimed that the banner, which served as an advertisement for a public
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Readers were also told, "Conspicuous in the procession was a Eureka flag, a replica of the flag Peter Lalor's followers carried at the Eureka Stockade in 1854." It was reported that two protesters were injured and five arrested "In a fight for the Eureka flag" where the "strikers resisted, and blows
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I went to the Art Gallery to see the flag the men fought under and strange to say no-one there seems to value it in the least. It is hung over a trestle affair exposed to the public. Well I got into conversation with the keeper, and persuaded him to give me a bit of the flag, and much to my surprise
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Dear Sir, In connection with the wish of the president of the Ballarat Fine Arts and Public Gallery for the gift or loan of the flag that floated above the Eureka Stockade, I have much pleasure in offering loan of flag to the above association on condition that I may get it at any time I specify, or
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Before the oath-swearing ceremony at Bakery Hill on 30 November 1854, another recorded hoisting of the Eureka Flag occurred that day. In his open letter to the colonists of Victoria, dated 7 April 1855, Peter Lalor said that he heard the news that shots were fired on miners at the Gravel Pits. Along
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at the time Ross emigrated. Ballarat local historian Father Tom Linane thought women from the St Aliphius chapel on the goldfields might have made the flag. This theory is supported by St. Aliphius raising a blue and white ecclesiastical flag featuring a couped cross to signal that mass was about to
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One notable inconsistency in Carboni's account is that he describes the Eureka Flag as made of silk, and the cover of the first edition has an illustration that features diamond-shaped stars. These incorrect descriptions plagued early Eureka investigators, with the fragments held by the Art Gallery
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During his investigation in the late nineteenth century, William Withers found two women, Mrs Morgan and Mrs Oliver, who claimed to have sewn a starry flag at the time, but "they could not positively identify it as the one flown at Eureka." John Wilson recalls that the Eureka Flag was taken down by
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stated, "Police in serious clash with strikers" and "Battle over Eureka flag" following a violent clash between about 500 strikers and police during a procession on St Patrick's Day in Brisbane. The marchers were singing "It's a Great Day for the Irish" and "Advance, Australia Fair" whilst carrying
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purchased a fragment of the Eureka Flag through the Melbourne auction house Mossgreen for $ 32,000. The seller was Adrian Millane, who inherited a piece of the flag that was reportedly handed to his great-grandfather Francis Hanlon by Peter Lalor. The auction house subsequently went bankrupt with $
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The head librarian, Marcus Clarke, approached Peter Lalor to authenticate the flag. He was unable, replying, "Can you find someone whose memory is more accurate than mine?" The library eventually decided not to acquire the flag due to the uncertainty over its origins. It would remain in the custody
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and if the fact of hoisting that flag be at all relied upon as evidence of an intention to depose Her Majesty ... no inference whatever can be drawn from the mere hoisting of a flag as to the intention of the parties, because of the witnesses has said that two hundred flags were hoisted at the
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During the whole of the morning several men were busily employed in erecting a stage and planting the flagstaff. This is a splendid pole of about 80 feet and straight as an arrow. This work being completed about 11 o'clock, the Southern Cross was hoisted, and its maiden appearance was a fascinating
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first mentioned the Eureka Flag on 24 November 1854 in an article about a meeting of the Ballarat Reform League to be held the following Wednesday where, "The Australian flag shall triumphantly wave in the sunshine of its own blue and peerless sky, over thousands of Australia's adopted sons." There
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states that he "fought for freedom's cause, under a banner made and wrought by English ladies". According to some of their descendants, Anastasia Withers, Anne Duke and Anastasia Hayes were all involved in sewing the flag. The stars are made of delicate material, consistent with the story they were
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for the gold fields of Australia, were led down the road from Bakery Hill to the ill-fated Eureka Stockade. It was a crude "higgledy piggledy" battlement erected between 30 November and 2 December that consisted of diagonal spikes and overturned horse carts. In the ensuing battle that left at least
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accepted an invitation to give the annual address at the Ballarat Eureka anniversary commemorations in 1999. He later said, "I gave one of the shortest dawn speeches there'd been" as, despite being present on the goldfields, "there was not one Chinese miner in the stockade. So I had nothing to say
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Ballarat militaria consultant Paul O'Brien has carried out an expert analysis of the Cayley sketches concluding that: "This sketch, once in the collection of the Ballarat Historical Society, location now unknown, was originally displayed with another sketch representing the 'Eureka' or 'King' flag
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First floated by the Eureka Stockade Memorial Trust in 1997, the proposed amendment was moved ahead of the impending sesquicentenary of the Eureka Stockade in 2004. It sought to officially recognise the standardised design and put the legality of flying the Eureka Flag from public buildings beyond
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Spielvogel offered to assist, although he had reasons to doubt the authenticity of the flag held by the art gallery. Later that year, Fox visited Ballarat to inspect the flag, and the custodians gave him two more pieces. Fox self-published a booklet in 1963 that advanced his argument as to why the
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Called as a witness, George Webster, the chief assistant civil commissary and magistrate, testified that upon entering the stockade the besieging forces "immediately made towards the flag, and the police pulled down the flag". John King testified, "I took their flag, the southern cross, down – the
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There is an oral tradition that Eureka Flags were on display at a seaman's union protest against the use of cheap Asian labour on ships at Circular Quay in 1878. In August 1890, a crowd of 30,000 protesters gathered at the Yarra Bank in Melbourne under a platform draped with the flag in a show of
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The Billings fragment was discovered in Kybram, Victoria, inside a compartment of a sea chest that had once belonged to J. D. Williams, the camp surgeon at Ballarat, in December 1854. Williams obtained a piece of the Eureka Flag as a souvenir while taking care of the wounded after the battle. His
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On his 1963 visit to Ballarat, Frank Cayley compared the Bradford fragment to the pieces held by the art gallery. He found they matched in both texture and colour. Acquiring a small sample of the Bradford fragment, Cayley then compared this to the piece held by the Melbourne Public Library. Apart
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Before it was given to the Ballarat Historical Society, the Bradford fragment was stored for many years in a leather pouch containing a note written by J. Bradford. It reads: "This piece of cloth is part of the original Eureka Stockade Flag. It was given to me by my father Wm. Bradford who had it
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Over the years, a number of additional pieces of the Eureka Flag have been entrusted to the Art Gallery of Ballarat and other organisations or sold at auction. Martha Clendinning claimed to have a piece of the Eureka Flag that was given to her by doctor Alfred Carr. Clendinning's daughter married
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Charles Doudiet were put up for sale at a Christie's auction in 1996. Two sketches, in particular, show the design is the same as the tattered remains of the original flag that were first put on public display at the art gallery in 1973, being unveiled during a ceremony attended by Prime Minister
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Eventually, the librarian discovered that the safe had been broken into. The robber left the flag that was still there wrapped in brown paper. At this point, it was stored in a vault at the National Bank. The final irrefutable validation of its authentication occurred when sketchbooks of Canadian
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media, published an article about the flag during his investigation that followed on from Withers'. He entered into correspondence with the King family, the art gallery, and Ballarat local historian Nathan Spielvogel. Fox was sent a piece of the flag by the art gallery in March 1945, along with a
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At the Eureka state treason trials that began on 22 February 1855, the 13 defendants had it put to them that they did "traitorously assemble together against our Lady the Queen" and attempt "by the force of arms to destroy the Government constituted there and by law established, and to depose our
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After the oath-swearing ceremony, the rebels marched in double file behind the Eureka Flag from Bakery Hill to the Eureka lead, where construction of the stockade began. In his 1855 memoirs, Raffaello Carboni again mentions the role of Henry Ross, who "was our standard-bearer. He hoisted down the
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John Wilson claimed to have enlisted the help of prisoners to procure the flag pole on Bakery Hill. He said that it was 60 feet (18 m) long and felled from an area known as Byle's Swamp in Bullarook Forest. Then it was set into an abandoned mineshaft, and his design of "five white stars on a
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The local authorities soon found themselves with fewer police officers and lacked the infrastructure needed to support the expansion of the mining industry. The number of public servants and factory and farm workers leaving for the goldfields to seek their fortune led to a chronic labour shortage
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Gregory Blake, concedes that the rebels may have flown two battle flags as they claimed to be defending their British rights. Blake leaves open the possibility that the flag being carried by the prisoner had been souvenired from the flag pole as the routed garrison was fleeing the stockade. Once
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When the government forces arrived in the early hours of the following day, it was already flying above the stockade. Frank Cayley has concluded that: "Wilson's flag was undoubtedly one of several flags, in various designs, that were made at Eureka." His colleague and fellow Eureka investigator,
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in New South Wales, Australia. The miner's local vigilante committee was known as the Miner's Protection League. On 30 June 1861, seven hundred miners led by a brass band went about sacking the grog shops, which were havens for thieves, before turning their attention to the Chinese section. Most
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groups, much to the frustration of more established socialist and progressive claimants. Depending on their political persuasion, these groups either see it as representative of the miner's efforts to free themselves from political or economic oppression or their sentiments favouring restricting
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Evelyn Healy was sent a fragment of the Eureka Flag by her mother, Myrtle Shaw. Healy was active with the Communist Party, and the party wanted a replica of the flag for a May Day parade in 1938. Healy believed the pieces of the Eureka Flag at the art gallery were genuine, and Shaw spoke to the
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reported that the flag "was carried by in triumph to the Camp, waved about in the air, then pitched from one to another, thrown down and trampled on". The soldiers also danced around the flag on a pole that was "now a sadly tattered flag from which souvenir hunters had cut and torn pieces". The
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In 1931, R. S. Reed claimed that "an old tree stump on the south side of Victoria Street, near Humffray Street, is the historic tree at which the pioneer diggers gathered in the days before the Eureka Stockade to discuss their grievances against the officialdom of the time." Reed called for the
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stated, "The following remarkable scene at the inauguration of the 'Australian flag', and the organisation of the first 'rebel army' in these colonies" and that "The 'Australian Flag', it appears, has been captured from the volunteers." In a despatch dated 20 December 1854, Lieutenant-Governor
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Cayley has stated that the field "may have been inspired by the sky, but was more probably intended to match the blue shirts worn by the diggers". Norm D'Angri theorises that the Eureka Flag was hastily manufactured, and the number of points on the stars is a mere convenience as eight was "the
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fabric. The horizontal arm of the cross is 37 centimetres (15 in) wide, and the vertical arm is 36 centimetres (14 in) tall. The central star is slightly larger (8.5%) than the others, being about 65 centimetres (26 in), all from point to point and the other stars 60 centimetres
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Concerning the provenance of the star-spangled Eureka Flag, Withers also interviewed police officer John McNeil, who recalled a meeting at Bakery Hill where Robert McCandlish "unbuttoned his coat and took out and unfurled a light blue flag with some stars on it, but there was no cross on it."
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his 1870 history of Ballarat, William Withers said he had not been able to find out what had happened to the flag. Professor Anne Beggs-Sunter thinks it is "likely that King read Withers's book, because he wrote to the Melbourne Public Library offering to sell the flag to that institution."
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According to measurements made during the 1973 restoration, only seven per cent of the left star remains with about 130 square centimetres (20 sq in) missing. Five per cent of the top star remains with 130 square centimetres (20 sq in) missing. This star is positioned 18
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been the case. The paintings of the flag ceremony and battle by Charles Doudiet, who was in Ballarat at the time, depicts no Union Jack. During the trial for high treason, the flying of the Southern Cross was an enormous issue, yet no mention was ever made of the Union Jack flying beneath.
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of the King family for forty years until 1895 when it was lent to the Ballarat Fine Art Gallery (now the Art Gallery of Ballarat). John King's widow Isabella would post the flag after being approached by art gallery president James Oddie, along with a letter to the secretary which reads:
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and prone to brutal means, having been sentenced to serve in the military. Miners were often arrested for not carrying licences on their person because of the typically wet and dirty conditions in the mines, then subjected to such indignities as being chained to trees and logs overnight.
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announced a worldwide quest and a $ 10,000 reward for more information and materials relating to the Eureka Jack mystery. The AFS also released a commemorative artwork, "Fall Back with the Eureka Jack" illustrating Gregory Blake's theory for the 160th anniversary of the battle in 2014.
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with an armed mob, he then headed towards Barker and Hunt's store on Specimen Hill. It was here the Eureka Flag "was procured and hoisted on the flagstaff belonging to Barker and Hunt; but it was almost immediately hauled down, and we moved down to the holes on the Gravel Pits Flat."
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account of the battle dated 4 December 1854 and an affidavit sworn by Private Hugh King three days later as to a flag being seized from a prisoner detained at the stockade, concerning whether a Union Jack, known as the Eureka Jack was also flown by the rebel garrison. Readers of the
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In 1948, a procession of 3,000 members of the Communist-affiliated Eureka Youth League and allied unionists led by a Eureka Flag bearer marched through the streets of Melbourne on the occasion of the 94th anniversary of the Eureka Stockade. The same year, headlines in the Melbourne
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The great topic of interest to-day has been the proceedings in reference to the state prisoners now confined in the Camp. As the evidence of the witnesses in these cases is more reliable information than that afforded by most reports, I shall endeavor to give you an abstract of
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The standardised Eureka Flag most often seen in circulation today is an enhanced and different version from the original specimen with blue key lines around each of five equal stars. It is frequently made in the proportions of 20:13. The Eureka Flag features the stars of the
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gallery's custodian, William Keith. He gave Shaw a snippet along with some rough sketches and a written description. Healy then forwarded these materials to party leader Rem McClintock. When Healy asked for it back, she was told it was still needed and then that it was lost.
768:(East Suffolk) had their wagon train looted in the vicinity of the Eureka lead, where the rebels ultimately made their last stand. The next day, the Eureka Flag appeared on the platform for the first time, and mining licences were burnt at the final fiery mass meeting of the
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that needed to be resolved. The response was a universal mining tax based on time stayed, rather than what was seen as the more equitable option, being an export duty levied only on gold found, meaning it was always designed to make life unprofitable for most prospectors.
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display on Bakery Hill. The oath-swearing ceremony took place as the military companies formed were gathered around the Eureka Flag. In the preceding weeks, the men of violence had already been aiming musket balls at the barely fortified government camp during the night.
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The earliest mention of a flag was the report of a meeting held on 23 October 1854 to discuss indemnifying Andrew McIntyre and Thomas Fletcher, who had both been arrested and committed for trial over the burning of the Eureka Hotel. The correspondent for the Melbourne
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in central Victoria, had found still more deposits. As gold fever took hold, the colony's population increased from 77,000 in 1851 to 198,496 in 1853. Among this number was "a heavy sprinkling of ex-convicts, gamblers, thieves, rogues and vagabonds of all kinds".
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In 1896, Sergeant John McNeil, who was at the battle, recalled shredding a flag at the Spencer Street Barracks in Melbourne at the time. He claimed it was the Eureka Flag that he had torn down. However, Blake believes it may have been the mystery Eureka Jack.
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Licence inspections, known as "digger hunts", were treated as a great sport and "carried out in the style of an English fox-hunt" by mounted officials who received a fifty per cent commission from any fines imposed. Many recruits were former prisoners from
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stated: "Mr. Kennedy suggested that a tall flag pole should be erected on some conspicuous site, the hoisting of the diggers' flag on which should be the signal for calling together a meeting on any subject which might require immediate consideration."
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article. Healy obtained an injunction blocking the sale on the grounds that she was the lawful owner. A lengthy court case ensued, and her claim was eventually upheld. After the fragment was returned, she gave it to the art gallery in March 1998.
772:– the miner's lobby. The league's founding charter proclaims that "it is the inalienable right of every citizen to have a voice in making the laws he is called upon to obey" and "taxation without representation is tyranny", in the language of the
1331:, trade unionism, white nationalism, and a general-purpose symbol of protest. Whilst some Australians view it as a symbol of nationality, it has more often been employed by historical societies, re-enactors and trade unions such as the former
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made out of their petticoats. The blue woollen fabric "certainly bears a marked resemblance to the standard dressmaker's length of material for making up one of the voluminous dresses of the 1850s" and also the blue shirts worn by the miners.
922:"shortly after the Stockade referring to two women making the flag from an original drawing by a digger named Ross. Unfortunately no complete set of the Ballarat Times exists, and it is impossible to locate this intriguing reference."
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has precedents in that "borrowing the general flag design of the country one is revolting against can be found in many instances of colonial liberation, including Haiti, Venezuela, Iceland, and Guinea". Some resemblance to the modern
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outside the Eureka Hotel. There was no finding of guilt regarding the owner, James Bently, who was deeply suspected of involvement, with the case being presided over by a police magistrate accused of having a conflict of interest.
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Hugh King was called upon to give further testimony live under oath in the matter of Timothy Hayes. In doing so, he went into more detail than in his written affidavit, as the report states that the Union Jack-like flag was found:
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of the offence, the indictment read: "That you raised upon a pole, and collected round a certain standard, and did solemnly swear to defend each other, with the intention of levying war against our said Lady the Queen".
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The modern-day address of the oath-swearing ceremony is likely 29 St Paul's Way, Bakery Hill. As of 2016, the site is a car park and was for a hundred years a school, with plans to develop it into an apartment block.
1841:... rollen up in the breast of a prisoner. He advanced with the rest, firing as they advanced ... several shots were fired on them after they entered . He observed the prisoner brought down from a tent in custody.
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fled, but two Chinese who stayed to fight were killed, and ten others were badly injured. There were further incidents throughout 1861, with the Chinese who returned targeted. Another large gathering was held on
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believes may be the signature of her great-great-grandmother Anastasia Withers. Later additions to the gallery placed the flag in a dedicated shrine in the building's centre, surrounded by Eureka-related works.
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In July 1997, McClintock's son Alex tried to sell a piece of the Eureka Flag through Christie's auction house in Melbourne with a reserve price of $ 10,000. It was the same piece Len Fox mentioned in his 1986
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and later Mayor of Ballarat East, had a tent situated 300 yards away from the Eureka Stockade. He said that he was prepared to "affirm on affidavit that he saw two red uniformed soldiers haul down the flag".
1879:, part of a 1958 illustrated history series for students, the artist Ray Wenban remained faithful to the first reports of the battle with his rendition featuring two flags flying above the Eureka Stockade.
816:(2nd Somersetshire) having to be rallied amid a short, sharp exchange of ranged fire lasting around 15 minutes at dawn on Sunday, 3 December. The Victorian police contingent led the way over the top as the
1267:
A piece of the Eureka Flag was placed in a safe at St Patrick's Christian Brothers College in Ballarat in the early 20th century. In June 1996, it was donated to the art gallery. It was then loaned to the
779:
On 30 November, there was further rioting where missiles were once again directed at military and law enforcement by the protesting miners, who had henceforth refused to cooperate with licence inspections
1366:
In a 2013 survey about national symbols, McCrindle Research found the Eureka Flag eliciting a "mixed response with 1 in 10 (10%) being extremely proud while 1 in 3 (35%) are uncomfortable with its use."
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Eventually, the discontent began to spiral out of control. A mob of many thousands of aggrieved miners burned the Eureka Hotel on 17 October 1854. On 28 November, there was a skirmish as the approaching
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In 2001, legal ownership of the Eureka Flag was transferred to the art gallery. There was a second extensive restoration of the specimen undertaken in 2011 by leading textile conservation specialists
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Ballarat Reform League Charter, 11 November 1854, VPRS 4066/P Unit 1, November no. 69, VA 466 Governor (including Lieutenant Governor 1851–1855 and Governor's Office), Public Record Office Victoria.
1739:
Melbourne journalist Len Fox, has also stated: "Flags were popular on the goldfields, and it may well be that among the diggers at Ballarat were smaller (and different) versions of the Eureka flag."
1378:
In response to the use of the Eureka Flag at violent protests in recent times, efforts have been made by some, including federal Labor MP Catherine King, to reclaim it for more progressive causes.
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Before the Eureka Flag went on permanent display to the public, it was often featured with no cross and free-floating stars as per the Australian national flag, such as in the 1949 motion picture
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morning after the battle, "the policeman who captured the flag exhibited it to the curious and allowed such as so desired to tear off small portions of its ragged end to preserve as souvenirs."
4147:
1170:
and astonishment he gave me a bit. I was with him when he tore it off. It seems wanton sacrilege, vandalism or something worse to tear it still he did and I am in possession of that piece.
889:. A. W. Crowe recounted in 1893 that "it was Ross who gave the order for the insurgents' flag at Darton and Walker's". Crowe's story is confirmed in that there were advertisements in the
6666:
1191:
The Eureka Flag remained unauthenticated at the art gallery. After being told about it by his friend Rem McClintock in December 1944, Sydney journalist Len Fox, who worked with the
1165:
In a letter to his father, Fred Riley recalled visiting Ballarat in 1912 and acquiring a fragment of the Eureka Flag that now resides at the National Library of Australia. He said:
1536:
and the Ballarat Trades Hall. The Prospectors and Miners Association of Victoria use it as their official flag. In 2016, it was formally incorporated into the official logo of the
1513:
to mark the occasion, stating: "I think people have tried to make too much of the Eureka Stockade ... trying to give it a credibility and standing that it probably doesn't enjoy."
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all doubt, with petitions presented to both houses of parliament calling for such recognition under the Flags Act. King stated in parliament that former immigration minister
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Charles Hotham said: "The disaffected miners ... held a meeting whereat the Australian flag of independence was solemnly consecrated and vows offered for its defence."
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544:, the officious way the colonial authorities enforced the system, and other grievances. An estimated crowd of over 10,000 demonstrators swore allegiance to the flag as a
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Ballarat Reform League Charter, 11 November 1854, VPRS 4066/P Unit 1, November no. 69, VA 466 Governor (including Lieutenant Governor 1851–1855 and Governor's Office),
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2020:– as the rebel password. This led to waning support for the Eureka Rebellion as news that the issue of Irish independence had become involved began to circulate.
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1239:. The flag was retained as the centrepiece of a visitor experience now branded as the Eureka Centre Ballarat while remaining part of the art gallery collection.
1188:
visited the gallery the following year, he wrote that the Eureka monument "heroes and minions of the law, fighters and executioners ... on the same level".
1180:, Professor Beggs-Sunter states that the art gallery displayed the flag "in various unsuitable ways" until it was put in a glass case alongside the sword of
739:
in October and November 1854. The ever-present "physical force" faction of the mining tax protest movement gained the ascendancy over those who advocated "
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but rescinded in the face of criticism from the Victorian general public. The Football Federation of Australia claimed that the ban was "unintentional."
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goldfields" and "The Eureka flag can also be a symbol of that persecution." Councillor Jane Russo said that it had become symbolic of "white supremacy."
1604:) in the constellation is off-centre and near the edge of the "diamond." In contrast, the Eureka Flag features a star in the centre of the white cross.
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ruled that companies subject to the legislation must ensure the Eureka Flag is not displayed at affected worksites. The flag flies permanently over the
7141:
1861:
taken by Constable John King, the Eureka Flag was placed beneath his tunic in the same fashion as the suspected Union Jack was found on the prisoner.
507:
1311:. In 2013, Millane loaned his fragment to the former Museum of Australian Democracy, where it was displayed for the 159th anniversary of the battle.
556:
during the battle that resulted in at least 27 deaths. Around 120 miners were arrested, and many others were badly wounded, including five soldiers.
636:, where they remain on public display. There are also other notable authenticated Eureka Flag fragments to have been exhibited and sold at auction.
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flag at the art gallery was authentic. It was probably due to Fox's interest that in 1963, the flag was transferred to a safe at the art gallery.
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The flag of the diggers, "The Southern Cross," as well as the "Union Jack," which they had to hoist underneath, were captured by the foot police.
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and Federation University, which use elements or stylised versions of the flag in their official logo. Several trade unions use it, including the
6547:
1521:
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The five tiny pieces that were given to Len Fox during his investigation were returned to the gallery by Professor Beggs-Sunter in January 1997.
1989:
of Ballarat being of cotton and mohair construction. However, the blue ground is said to have "a high sheen that gives a silk-like appearance".
1620:
to recognise the Eureka Flag as an official flag of Australia, and for related purposes". A mirror bill had previously been introduced into the
4196:, 14 March 1963 edition, E.J. Holloway states that the platform had been decorated with the Eureka Flag on 29 August 1890 instead of 31 August.
6323:. Paper originally presented at Eureka Seminar, University of Melbourne History Department, 1 December 2004. Perth, Australia: Network Books.
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1965:
Anastasia Withers was first mentioned in connection with the Eureka Flag in a 1986 article entitled "Women and the Eureka Flag" published in
1812:
813:
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22 rebels and seven soldiers dead, the stockade was besieged and captured by the advancing government forces. They briefly wavered, with the
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632:, which is responsible for their conservation. Since 2013, they have been on a long-term loan to the interpretative centre located at the
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1555:. Melbourne Victory supporters adopted it as a club flag for the foundation year in 2004. It was briefly banned at A-League games by the
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As a result of this practice, the pieces of the flag in the art gallery collection represent only 69.01% of the original specimen. In
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It has long been said that women were involved in constructing the Eureka Flag. In a letter to the editor published in the Melbourne
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After the First World War and the Great Depression, the Eureka Flag once again returned to the public domain, being adopted by the
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dating from October–November 1854 for Darton and Walker, manufacturers of tents, tarpaulin and flags, situated at the Gravel Pits.
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12 million in debt. Millane claimed he was still owed $ 20,000 and that he intended to use the funds to support an orphanage in
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believed that the white cross on which the stars are arrayed is "really an Irish cross rather than being configuration of the
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In the years leading up to the Eureka Stockade, several mass public meetings were held to address the miner's grievances. The
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Lady the Queen from the kingly name and her Imperial Crown". Furthermore, concerning the "overt acts" that constituted the
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mentioned "the fact of the Flag belonging to the Insurgents (which had been nailed to the flagstaff) being captured by
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1335:. More recently, far-right organisations and political parties have adopted it, including the Australia First Party,
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consisting of 20 elected and ten appointed members subject to property-based franchise and membership requirements.
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are also other examples of it being referred to at the time as the Australian flag. The day after the battle, the
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866:
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196:
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Nicholls, H.R (May 1890). Reminiscences of the Eureka Stockade. The Centennial Magazine: An Australian Monthly.
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6406:
6319:
Beggs-Sunter, Anne (2004). "Contesting the Flag: the mixed messages of the Eureka Flag". In Mayne, Alan (ed.).
3100:"Amendment C191 and Permit Application PLP/2014/829: Bakery Hill Ballarat: Expert Witness Statement - Heritage"
1633:
1600:. The stars are arranged differently from the astronomical alignment of the Southern Cross. The "middle" star (
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by a miner's delegation in August 1853. There were also delegations received by the Ballarat gold commissioner
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report dated 9 December 1854 concerning the seizure of a second flag at the stockade in the following terms:
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1355:, both raised fears in 2010 that the Eureka Flag could "become a swastika-like symbol of racism." Professor
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Another theory is that the Eureka Jack was an 11th-hour response to divided loyalties in the rebel camp.
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The Flag Book of the United States: The Story of the Stars and Stripes and the Flags of the Fifty States
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political slogans. There have been efforts, such as around the time of the 150th anniversary in 2004 by
563:, measuring 260 by 400 centimetres (100 in × 160 in) (2:3.08 ratio) and made from a fine
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Commonwealth, Questions to the Speaker, House of Representatives, 13 May 2004, 28666 (Catherine King).
1319:
Since the 1854 miner's revolt, the Eureka Flag, born out of adversity, has gained wider notability in
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given to him by his father Wm. Bradford Snr, who fought for freedom at Ballarat, Victoria, in 1854."
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has been noted, that was based on a design used by the French-speaking majority of the colony of the
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3646:"Eureka democracy museum closes with future unclear for exhibits not associated with 1854 rebellion"
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1235:(MADE) in 2013. When MADE closed in 2018, the interpretive centre came under the management of the
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6299:"Is the Eureka Flag racist? Unley Council rejects request to fly Eureka flag amid racism concerns"
4038:"Is the Eureka Flag racist? Unley Council rejects request to fly Eureka flag amid racism concerns"
1516:
The Eureka Flag has been adopted by a variety of civic and political organisations, including the
991:
reported that: "They assembled round the Australian flag, which has now a permanent flag-staff."
579:
Since the 19th century, the Eureka Flag has achieved customary use as a general-purpose symbol of
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2495:
2017:
1926:
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being flown during the battle that was captured, along with the Eureka Flag, by the foot police.
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299:
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Henderson, Fiona (23 December 2014). "Reward offered for evidence of battle's Union Jack flag".
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Henderson, Fiona (23 December 2014). "Reward offered for evidence of battle's Union Jack flag".
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R. E. Johns Papers, MS10075, Manuscript Collection, La Trobe Library, State Library of Victoria.
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and "the radical left wing of the Australian Labor Party and the Communist Party" in the 1930s.
6512:
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R.E. Johns Papers, MS10075, Manuscript Collection, La Trobe Library, State Library of Victoria.
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2013:
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During a 1983 royal tour, a republican supporter informally presented a small Eureka Flag to
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576:. In addition to a modern, standardised version, there are also other Eureka Flag variants.
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1111:
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argued there were no inferences to be drawn from the hoisting of the Eureka Flag, saying:
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8:
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Captain Thomas reports on the attack on the Eureka Stockade to the Major Adjutant General
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Captain Thomas reports on the attack on the Eureka Stockade to the Major Adjutant General
1936:
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Thomas Kennedy at sundown on 2 December 1854 and stored in his tent "for safe keeping."
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1597:
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solidarity with maritime workers. A similar flag was flown prominently above the camp at
1249:
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in October 1934, which she described as an "unlikely juxtaposition". When peace activist
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698:. In August 1851, the news was received worldwide that, on top of several earlier finds,
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132:
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4140:"Eureka flag use at violent demonstrations condemned by rebel's descendant, Ballarat MP"
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shamrock-shaped anti-government placards and a coffin with the label "Trade Unionism."
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A modern variation of the Eureka Flag was central to the landmark architecture of the
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5740:, (May 1890) (available in an annual compilation; Vol. II: August 1889 to July 1890).
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history professor Anne Beggs-Sunter refers to an article reportedly published in the
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368:
363:
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The Eureka Stockade: The Consequence of Some Pirates Wanting a Quarterdeck Rebellion
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6784:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6532:
6187:
5267:
5128:
4677:"Australia First Party's use of Eureka flag angers rebels' descendants in Ballarat"
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1931:
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Construction union boss Kevin Reynolds and the Northern Territory's nomination for
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The Eureka Flag fragments donated by the King family to the Art Gallery of Ballarat
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728:
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537:
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41:
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John King's letter to Melbourne Public Library of 13 September 1877 reproduced in
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1639:
The Australian Labor Party indicated support for the move, with opposition leader
1465:, who did not recognise it. The event prompted a cartoon of the royal couple with
6957:
6461:
1918:
1845:
1643:
saying he was: "pledged to fly it above Canberra if he became Prime Minister."
1509:
made the flag a federal election issue that year. He was opposed to flying it at
1487:
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to mark the 125th anniversary of the uprising and continued until at least 1983.
967:
672:
452:
378:
6722:
5147:. Vol. IV: The Earth Abideth Forever. Cartlon: Melbourne University Press.
639:
The disputed first report of the attack on the Eureka Stockade also refers to a
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meeting that presaged the Lambing Flat riots, was inspired by the Eureka Flag.
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588:
127:
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5255:. Pictorial Social Studies. Vol. 16. Sydney: Australian Visual Education.
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4354:
1875:(1949) features the star-spangled Eureka Flag with the Union Jack beneath. In
1612:
A bill was tabled in federal parliament on 23 March 2004 by Victorian Senator
1397:
on 24 November 1975. Eureka Flags can be seen in the crowd and on the tribune.
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6817:
6199:
6180:"Contested Memories of Eureka: Museum Interpretations of the Eureka Stockade"
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5635:
5140:
3599:
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3473:"Contested Memories of Eureka: Museum Interpretations of the Eureka Stockade"
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1823:
During the committal hearings for the Eureka rebels, there would be another
5442:
4607:"Unions angry at court ruling that restricts use of the iconic Eureka flag"
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2085:
1999:
1669:
817:
785:
748:
236:
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5526:(3rd ed.). Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. 2006.
4751:. Federal Register of Legislation. Australian Government. 2003. p. 34
3841:"Eureka flag seller owed $ 20,000 after auction house Mossgreen collapses"
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were struck. Police, caught up in the melee, drew batons and used them."
1024:(sold for £10,500) was discovered in 1858 within a stone's throw of it."
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261:
61:
51:
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5047:: August 1889 to July 1890 (available in an annual compilation). p. 749.
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4480:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 10 September 2004. Archived from
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1912:
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received over 5,000 signatures and was presented to Lieutenant-Governor
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6263:"Eureka? An answer to that Jack in the corner gets a little bit warmer"
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4363:. Vol. 54, no. 16, 152. Canberra. 15 December 1979. p. 2
3892:"Eureka? An answer to that Jack in the corner gets a little bit warmer"
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2034:
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1185:
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874:
836:, one of the rebel captains, who may be the designer of the Eureka Flag
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movements. It has also been incorporated into the official logo of the
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56:
4395:. Vol. 58, no. 17, 565. Canberra. 1 November 1983. p. 8
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2012:
Peter Lalor made a blunder by choosing "Vinegar Hill" – the site of a
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6191:
6169:
4578:"Eureka flag banned on building sites as free speech challenge fails"
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1632:
had attested to a precedent where the Eureka Flag was flown from the
1425:
1324:
703:
695:
592:
1490:, the Eureka Flag flew at every state and territory parliament; the
6370:
6125:
Corfield, Justin; Wickham, Dorothy; Gervasoni, Clare, eds. (2004).
6068:"HISTORIC TREE STUMP: Where Eureka Stockaders Discussed Grievances"
3044:"Historic Tree Stump: Where Eureka Stockaders Discussed Grievances"
1568:
occasionally flies the Eureka Flag from its mainstay alongside the
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716:
117:
6221:
4993:
4495:
3869:"Missing fragment of flag unveiled on Eureka Stockade anniversary"
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6004:
5986:
5604:
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receiving submissions opposing the inclusion of the Eureka Flag.
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6386:
He Found and Raised Eureka's Trampled Flag: a Tribute to Len Fox
5957:"POLICE IN SERIOUS CLASH WITH STRIKERS: Battle over Eureka flag"
5618:
Flag and Nation: Australians and their National Flags since 1901
5336:
To Pierce the Tyrant's Heart: The Battle for the Eureka Stockade
4299:"POLICE IN SERIOUS CLASH WITH STRIKERS: Battle over Eureka flag"
4267:"POLICE IN SERIOUS CLASH WITH STRIKERS: Battle over Eureka flag"
3998:. Eureka Centre Ballarat and Art Gallery of Ballarat. p. 34
2787:
2785:
2199:
The Victoria Electoral Act of 1851 No 3a. New South Wales. 1851.
1815:, swore in a signed contemporaneous affidavit that he recalled:
1359:
said that 20 years prior, the Eureka Flag rivalled the official
1223:
prior to its redevelopment as the Museum of Australian Democracy
1134:
951:
easiest to construct without using normal drawing instruments".
628:
in 2006. The "King" fragments are part of the collection of the
6000:"BALLARAT. (From the Correspondent of the Geelong Advertiser.)"
5073:(Motion picture). United Kingdom and Australia: Ealing Studios.
4851:(Motion picture). United Kingdom and Australia: Ealing Studios.
4419:"Royal visit of William and Kate recalls Diana's Eureka moment"
3968:
3820:
3288:
2948:"Ballarat. (From the Correspondent of the Geelong Advertiser.)"
1547:
Sporting clubs have made use of the Eureka Flag, including the
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545:
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on the Victorian goldfields. Gold miners protested the cost of
5752:
The Starry Banner of Australia: An Episode in Colonial History
4891:
4444:
4442:
1579:
1344:
non-white immigration and the eventual 1855 Chinese poll tax.
694:
for making discoveries within 320 kilometres (200 mi) of
620:
The Eureka Flag is listed as an object of significance on the
21:
6102:
6077:
6052:
6027:
6009:
5991:
5966:
5948:
5930:
5912:
4974:
4404:
4372:
4316:
4284:
3953:
3370:
3368:
3344:
3085:
3053:
2997:
2965:
2933:
2782:
2593:
2591:
2581:
2508:
2361:
2240:
2173:
2105:"Eureka Flag, Victorian Heritage Register (VHR) Number H2097"
1308:
828:
573:
6173:(2nd ed.). Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. 1965.
3733:
3207:
3205:
2061:
1803:
1663:
were a series of violent anti-Chinese demonstrations in the
5678:
4439:
4247:
4235:
4162:
4015:
4013:
3808:
3605:
3576:
3455:
3245:
Withers, William (1 May 1896). "The Eureka Stockade Flag".
2866:
2827:
2803:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2351:
2349:
2091:
2079:
1048:
Southern Cross from the flag-staff, and headed the march."
944:
564:
4335:
3534:
3365:
2686:, 5 May 1941, p. 5. See also Withers in his report in the
2588:
2203:
1279:
was commissioned and went on the warship's maiden voyage.
1215:
1006:
report of the oath-swearing ceremony, it was stated that:
568:(24 in). The white stars are made from a fine cotton
6342:. Australian Historical Association Conference. Brisbane.
5679:
Wickham, Dorothy; Gervasoni, Clare; D'Angri, Val (2000).
4772:
4551:"Eureka Flag ban is industrial 'dictatorship' says CFMEU"
4223:
4086:"Aussie pride: what Australians love about their country"
3798:
McCann, Karen (23 June 2004). "Voyage of Eureka spirit".
3630:"Restored Eureka flag returned to Eureka Stockade site".
3512:
3510:
3202:
2729:
2422:
6124:
5077:
4987:
4855:
4830:
4828:
4010:
3702:
3700:
3691:
3552:
3223:
3158:
3156:
3023:
3021:
3019:
2645:
2624:
2473:
2471:
2416:
2346:
2340:
2055:
2043:
1769:
Since 2009, various theories have emerged, based on the
5736:
Nicholls, H.R. "Reminiscences of the Eureka Stockade",
5200:
Lucky City, The First Generation at Ballarat, 1851–1901
2705:
2637:
Fox, Len (December 1986). "Women and the Eureka Flag".
1450:
after he was dismissed as prime minister. In 1979, the
6226:. London: Fleetway Publications Ltd. 14 February 1970.
4654:
3871:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 3 December 2013
3507:
2662:
2398:
2310:
2274:
2247:
2180:
1807:
Extract of the affidavit by Hugh King, 7 December 1854
1031:
760:
despite the court hearing testimony to the contrary.
609:, to give legal standing to the Eureka Flag under the
5990:. Melbourne. 28 November 1854. p. 5 – via
5861:(Report). Colonial Secretary's Office. Archived from
5050:
5010:
5008:
4867:
4825:
4813:
4211:
4174:
3934:
3745:
3697:
3255:
3182:(Report). Colonial Secretary's Office. Archived from
3153:
3016:
2884:
2751:, 5 May 1941 edition, page 4, mentions issues of the
2603:
2544:
2468:
683:
was pending, with an election held for a provisional
6026:. Melbourne. 5 December 1854. p. 4 – via
6008:. Melbourne. 4 December 1854. p. 5 – via
5947:. Melbourne. 9 December 1854. p. 5 – via
5929:. Melbourne. 5 December 1854. p. 4 – via
5911:. Melbourne. 4 December 1854. p. 5 – via
4679:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 12 April 2016
4454:
4323:
4058:"Filmmaker fears Southern Cross becoming a swastika"
3721:"Museum searching for missing pieces of Eureka Flag"
3648:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 12 April 2018
3558:
2848:
2770:
2693:
1894:
1060:feet the pole broke, and he came down with a run."
747:, after a judicial enquiry into the murder of miner
598:
and is often seen on bumper stickers accompanied by
6285:"$ 10,000 reward to track down 'other' Eureka flag"
5222:
History of Ballarat and Some Ballarat Reminiscences
5017:"$ 10,000 reward to track down 'other' Eureka flag"
3267:
2896:
2373:
2298:
2286:
1624:by the member for Ballarat Catherine King in 2003.
1264:descendants donated it to the art gallery in 1993.
6358:. 7 May 2001. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
5965:. Melbourne. 18 March 1948. p. 3 – via
5005:
4879:
4521:"Federation University Australia Brand Guidelines"
4199:
3920:"Thousands march for Labour Day across Queensland"
2844:. 7 May 2001. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
2809:
2717:
6752:
6076:. Melbourne. 9 June 1931. p. 14 – via
4801:"Latham says he'll fly Eureka flag at parliament"
3987:
3985:
3983:
3922:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 3 May 2011
3052:. Melbourne. 9 June 1931. p. 14 – via
2758:
2680:This oral tradition is referred to in the Sydney
1687:Oath swearing scene from the 1949 motion picture
1086:
850:featuring a Eureka Flag with diamond-shaped stars
7003:
6101:. Narrabri. 13 July 1931. p. 3 – via
5890:
5719:. Melbourne: J. P. Atkinson and Co. – via
5522:
4657:. Prospectors and Miners Association of Victoria
3974:
2270:. London: Fleetway. 14 February 1970. p. 6.
1073:off, dragging with them the 'Southern Cross'."
925:The theory that the Eureka Flag is based on the
552:on 29 November 1854. It was then flown over the
3839:Cluff, Caleb; Webb, Carolyn (18 January 2018).
3522:
1110:In his closing submission, the defence counsel
954:
7137:Victorian Heritage Register Grampians (region)
6051:. Sydney. 5 March 1855. p. 3 – via
5738:The Centennial Magazine: An Australian Monthly
5567:. Canterbury, Victoria: Mullaya Publications.
5317:Eureka Stockade: A ferocious and bloody battle
3980:
3634:. No. 218. Geelong. May 2013. p. 44.
3362:, 43 (Supreme Court of Victoria 1855).
3316:, 35 (Supreme Court of Victoria 1855).
1858:Eureka Stockade: A Ferocious and Bloody Battle
1381:
1051:In his report dated 14 December 1854, Captain
624:and was designated as a Victorian icon by the
6738:
6407:
5338:. Loftus, ACT: Australian Army History Unit.
4951:
4949:
3302:, 1 (Supreme Court of Victoria 1855).
3011:Three Despatches From Sir Charles Hotham 1981
1813:40th (the 2nd Somersetshire) Regiment of Foot
1811:However, Hugh King, who was a private in the
671:after a decade of de facto independence from
501:
310:40th (the 2nd Somersetshire) Regiment of Foot
16:Rebel war flag flown over the Eureka Stockade
6337:
6318:
6148:. Melbourne: Public Record Office Victoria.
6035:
5464:
5430:. Sydney and Melbourne: The Worker Trustees.
5408:. St Lucia: University of Queensland Press.
5362:Eureka: Rebellion Beneath the Southern Cross
4778:
4448:
4253:
4241:
4168:
3826:
3814:
3540:
3374:
2791:
2656:
2597:
1482:flying the Eureka Flag and other flags, 2021
844:The front cover of Raffaello Carboni's 1855
6712:Parliament house centenary flag (Australia)
5640:Flags Through the Ages and Across the World
5168:
4669:
2735:
2641:. Vol. 105. Melbourne. pp. 59–61.
1646:
1123:
979:blue ground, floated gaily in the breeze".
803:The rebels, under their commander-in-chief
6745:
6731:
6414:
6400:
6143:
5903:"By Express. Fatal Collision at Ballaarat"
5730:My Adventures on the Australian Goldfields
5470:
5449:. Melbourne: The Text Publishing Company.
5266:
4946:
4909:
4700:"Soccer bosses flag end to Eureka moments"
4229:
3764:"Eureka flag returns in bits and pieces".
3240:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3211:
3133:"Bakery Hill development gets green light"
2879:Historical Studies: Eureka Supplement 1965
2367:
2329:Historical Studies: Eureka Supplement 1965
2156:"By Express. Fatal Collision at Ballaarat"
1469:, observing, "Mummy will not be pleased."
1446:The Eureka Flag was used by supporters of
1242:
583:and has been adopted by supporters of the
536:. It was the culmination of the 1851–1854
508:
494:
7142:Collection of the Art Gallery of Ballarat
6321:Eureka: reappraising an Australian Legend
6242:
5765:
5620:. Sydney: University of New South Wales.
5095:
4749:"Flags Amendment (Eureka Flag) Bill 2003"
4121:"Room for all in the stockade, bar one".
4032:
4030:
4028:
3838:
3595:. Ballarat. 14 February 1973. p. 12.
3428:
1408:, Macquarie Street, Sydney, December 2004
1393:policy launch before a huge crowd in the
964:Swearing Allegiance to the Southern Cross
774:United States Declaration of Independence
667:, as Victoria gained autonomy within the
528:, which took place on 3 December 1854 at
6340:Contesting the making of the Eureka Flag
6129:. Ballarat: Ballarat Heritage Services.
6085:
6018:"GEELONG. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)"
5921:"GEELONG. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)"
5885:. Melbourne: Public Record Office. 1981.
5883:Three Despatches From Sir Charles Hotham
5683:. Ballarat: Ballarat Heritage Services.
5173:. Kew: Australian Scholarly Publishing.
5162:
4769:Flags Amendment (Eureka Flag) Bill 2004.
3038:
3036:
2980:"Geelong. (From our own correspondent.)"
2924:. Melbourne. 28 November 1854. p. 5
2499:. Launceston. 7 November 1854. p. 2
1844:
1802:
1756:
1682:
1650:
1578:
1471:
1400:
1385:
1233:Museum of Australian Democracy at Eureka
1214:
1133:
1035:
958:
839:
827:
791:
296:Victorian police in the Eureka Rebellion
34:This article is part of a series on the
20:
6236:
6215:
5709:
5224:. Ballarat: Ballarat Heritage Service.
5216:
5202:. Carlton: Melbourne University Press.
5127:
4965:. Melbourne. 9 December 1854. p. 5
4730:. Royal Australian Navy. Archived from
4548:
4138:Testa, Christopher (19 November 2021).
4127:. Sydney. 18 December 2004. p. 33.
3668:"Welcome to the Eureka Centre Ballarat"
3412:
3261:
3244:
3229:
3162:
3027:
2988:. Melbourne. 5 December 1854. p. 4
2956:. Melbourne. 4 December 1854. p. 5
2668:
2609:
2477:
2428:
2355:
2316:
2280:
2253:
2209:
2186:
2164:. Melbourne. 4 December 1854. p. 5
2150:
2148:
1693:featuring the star-spangled Eureka flag
823:
7004:
6421:
6276:
6260:
6231:
6222:"The Defence of the Eureka Stockade".
6177:
5853:
5825:
5746:
5656:
5634:
5540:
5441:
5422:
5400:
5353:
5260:
5250:
5244:
5083:
4988:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004
4873:
4861:
4834:
4819:
4341:
4180:
4025:
4019:
3940:
3889:
3797:
3751:
3739:
3706:
3692:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004
3553:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004
3470:
3224:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004
3174:
3130:
2902:
2890:
2854:
2776:
2723:
2711:
2699:
2625:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004
2572:. Ballarat. 4 December 1854. p. 2
2550:
2521:
2440:
2417:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004
2341:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004
2266:"The Defence of the Eureka Stockade".
2067:
2056:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004
2044:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004
1746:
1574:
1454:began flying the Eureka Flag from its
661:was partitioned on 1 July 1851 by the
305:William Wright (Australian politician)
6726:
6395:
6282:
6171:Historical Studies: Eureka Supplement
5727:
5496:
5435:
5333:
5314:
5308:
5288:
5139:
5056:
5014:
4999:
4897:
4718:
4609:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
4604:
4307:. Melbourne. 18 March 1948. p. 3
4275:. Melbourne. 18 March 1948. p. 3
4217:
4150:from the original on 16 February 2022
4137:
3770:. Ballarat. 22 March 1993. p. 3.
3718:
3606:Wickham, Gervasoni & D'Angri 2000
3577:Wickham, Gervasoni & D'Angri 2000
3466:
3464:
3456:Wickham, Gervasoni & D'Angri 2000
3273:
3033:
2867:Wickham, Gervasoni & D'Angri 2000
2828:Wickham, Gervasoni & D'Angri 2000
2804:Wickham, Gervasoni & D'Angri 2000
2404:
2379:
2304:
2292:
2092:Wickham, Gervasoni & D'Angri 2000
2080:Wickham, Gervasoni & D'Angri 2000
1729:
1722:There is also a variant based on the
6991:Bibliography of the Eureka Rebellion
6884:British army in the Eureka Rebellion
6354:"Historians discuss Eureka legend".
5859:Capt. Thomas' report - Flag captured
5793:
5766:Frederick, Riley (13 January 1912).
5615:
5609:The strange story of the Eureka flag
5501:. Belmont, Victoria: Neptune Press.
5359:
5239:
5194:
5171:Massacre at Eureka: The untold story
5121:
4921:
4605:Testa, Christopher (16 March 2022).
4460:
4329:
3787:. Ballarat. 22 June 1996. p. 1.
3429:Frederick, Riley (13 January 1912).
3416:
3180:Capt. Thomas' report – Flag captured
2840:"Historians discuss Eureka legend".
2815:
2145:
2103:
1701:, writing in 1975, the Eureka Flag:
1607:
572:, and the off-white cross is cotton
272:Robert Nickle (British Army officer)
172:British army in the Eureka Rebellion
6963:Eureka Rebellion in popular culture
6060:
5819:
5603:
5581:
5559:
5378:
4885:
4697:
4205:
3781:"Eureka flag fragment discovered".
3564:
3528:
3516:
3076:. Narrabri. 13 July 1931. p. 3
2764:
2636:
1583:The standardised Eureka Flag design
1032:Seized by police at Eureka Stockade
418:Eureka Rebellion in popular culture
292:Vexillology of the Eureka Rebellion
212:John Foster (Australian politician)
13:
6790:1855 Victorian high treason trials
6118:
6110:
6043:"CONTINUATION OF THE STATE TRIALS"
5796:"Deposition of Witness: Hugh King"
5698:
5681:The Eureka Flag: Our Starry Banner
5274:. Sydney: Random House Australia.
5188:
4924:"Deposition of Witness: Hugh King"
3461:
3401:The Eureka Flag: Our Starry Banner
3327:"Continuation of the State Trials"
1093:1855 Victorian High Treason trials
690:Gold prospectors were offered 200
384:1855 Victorian high treason trials
60:
14:
7153:
6838:List of Eureka Stockade defenders
6672:Prime Minister Sir Robert Menzies
6364:
6254:
5272:Eureka: The Unfinished Revolution
5116:
4719:Davis, Brett, ed. (August 2010).
4549:McIlroy, Jim (15 February 2018).
3335:. Sydney. 5 March 1855. p. 3
2522:Wilson, John (19 December 1885).
1856:Military historian and author of
1788:Eureka: The Unfinished Revolution
664:Australian Constitutions Act 1850
252:List of Eureka Stockade defenders
7052:19th century in Victoria (state)
7027:History of Australia (1851–1900)
6986:Timeline of the Eureka Rebellion
6923:The Eureka Stockade (1855 novel)
6707:Queen's Personal Australian Flag
6261:Huxley, John (26 January 2016).
6146:Eureka from the Official Records
5499:Peter Lalor: The Man from Eureka
5089:
5062:
5037:
4915:
4840:
4793:
4784:
4763:
4741:
4721:"HMAS Ballarat: Defend the Flag"
4712:
4698:Ham, Larissa (27 October 2008).
4691:
4647:
4621:
4598:
4570:
4542:
4513:
4488:
4466:
4411:
4379:
4347:
4291:
4259:
4186:
4131:
4114:
4078:
4050:
3946:
3912:
3890:Huxley, John (26 January 2016).
3883:
3861:
3832:
3791:
3774:
3757:
3712:
3660:
3638:
3589:"$ 1000 grant for Eureka flag".
3105:. September 2015. Archived from
2524:"The Starry Banner of Australia"
2006:
1992:
1911:
1897:
1557:Football Federation of Australia
1419:1891 Australian shearers' strike
1314:
476:
433:The Eureka Stockade (1855 novel)
55:
50:
6770:Eureka Stockade (fortification)
6677:Anti-Transportation League Flag
5473:Eric Campbell and the New Guard
5319:. Newport: Big Sky Publishing.
5110:
4528:Federation University Australia
3623:
3611:
3582:
3422:
3393:
3380:
3351:
3319:
3305:
3279:
3168:
3124:
3092:
3060:
2972:
2940:
2908:
2833:
2741:
2674:
2630:
2556:
2515:
2483:
2434:
2385:
2259:
2215:
2192:
1982:
1972:
1959:
1596:more visible to viewers in the
1542:Australian Electoral Commission
1486:To commemorate the 2004 Eureka
197:Eureka Stockade (fortification)
6283:Cowie, Tom (22 October 2013).
5794:King, Hugh (7 December 1854).
5770:. Letter to Frederick Riley Sr
5768:"The state of the Eureka Flag"
5732:. London: Cassell and Company.
5516:
5447:The Forgotten Rebels of Eureka
5135:. Sydney: Angus and Robertson.
5069:Harry Watt (director) (1949).
5015:Cowie, Tom (22 October 2013).
4922:King, Hugh (7 December 1854).
4847:Harry Watt (director) (1949).
4474:"Anderson flags Eureka debate"
3719:Cowie, Tom (16 October 2013).
3433:. Letter to Frederick Riley Sr
3431:"The state of the Eureka Flag"
2123:
2097:
1949:
1871:The oath swearing ceremony in
1850:Fall back with the Eureka Jack
1087:Exhibit in high treason trials
71:by John Black Henderson (1854)
1:
7112:National symbols of Australia
7012:Battle of the Eureka Stockade
6948:Eureka Stockade Memorial Park
6754:Battle of the Eureka Stockade
6569:North Queensland (separatist)
6347:
5891:Other contemporaneous reports
5875:Public Record Office Victoria
5847:Public Record Office Victoria
5812:Public Record Office Victoria
5787:
5780:National Library of Australia
4928:Public Record Office Victoria
3443:National Library of Australia
3359:The Queen v Joseph and others
3313:The Queen v Joseph and others
3196:Public Record Office Victoria
2450:Public Record Office Victoria
2393:Public Record Office Victoria
2131:"First Victorian Icons Named"
2027:
1333:Builders Labourers Federation
1300:Victorian Trades Hall Council
1161:Mrs J. King (per Arthur King)
784:. That afternoon there was a
634:Eureka Stockade Memorial Park
526:Battle of the Eureka Stockade
423:Eureka Stockade Memorial Park
157:Anti-Gold Licence Association
7057:Victoria (state) gold rushes
6938:Eureka Stockade (miniseries)
6493:Australian Capital Territory
6462:Boxing Kangaroo (unofficial)
5895:
5664:. New York: William Morrow.
5490:
5002:, pp. 243–244, note 78.
4912:, pp. 654–655, note 56.
4387:"Barricade against eviction"
4066:. Melbourne. 22 January 2010
3299:The Queen v Hayes and others
3131:Wilson, Amber (1 May 2016).
1107:same flag as now produced."
955:Oath swearing at Bakery Hill
448:Eureka Stockade (miniseries)
202:Forest Creek Monster Meeting
7:
7132:Culture in Victoria (state)
7047:History of Victoria (state)
6933:Eureka Stockade (1949 film)
6928:Eureka Stockade (1907 film)
6338:Beggs-Sunter, Anne (2014).
6312:
6178:Sunter, Anne Beggs (2003).
6163:
5754:. Brisbane: Brian Donaghey.
5642:. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill.
5611:. Darlinghurst: The Author.
5589:. Potts Point: The Author.
5471:Darlington, Robert (1983).
5386:. Potts Point: The Author.
4583:Australian Financial Review
4355:"Battle of the Eureka Flag"
3471:Sunter, Anne Beggs (2003).
2231:. 12 August 1851. p. 2
2135:National Trust of Australia
2109:Victorian Heritage Database
1890:
1726:that is occasionally seen.
1382:Late 19th century – present
902:, 15 January 1855 edition,
626:National Trust of Australia
622:Victorian Heritage Register
613:and to reserve it for more
443:Eureka Stockade (1949 film)
438:Eureka Stockade (1907 film)
10:
7158:
7072:Republicanism in Australia
6780:John King (police officer)
6307:. Sydney. 28 October 2020.
5974:
5759:
5703:
5475:. Sydney: Kangaroo Press.
5291:Sons of the Southern Cross
4046:. Sydney. 28 October 2020.
1750:
1530:Federal Court of Australia
1511:Parliament House, Canberra
1130:John King (police officer)
1127:
1090:
927:Australian Federation Flag
650:
646:
247:John King (police officer)
6971:
6908:
6892:
6846:
6798:
6760:
6659:
6633:
6577:
6556:
6485:
6429:
6048:The Sydney Morning Herald
6036:The Sydney Morning Herald
5465:Other specialised studies
5293:. Sydney: HarperCollins.
4809:. Ballarat. 15 July 2004.
4530:. June 2019. p. 3.01
4192:In an article for Sydney
4124:The Sydney Morning Herald
3332:The Sydney Morning Herald
2532:. Rockhampton. p. 29
1043:by Charles Doudiet (1854)
799:by J. B. Henderson (1854)
735:and La Trobe's successor
359:John Manning (journalist)
182:Charles Pasley (engineer)
7117:Flags introduced in 1854
6943:Eureka Stockade Monument
6702:Van Diemen's Land Ensign
6144:MacFarlane, Ian (1995).
5833:(Report). Archived from
5616:Kwan, Elizabeth (2006).
5289:Kieza, Grantlee (2014).
2755:in the Mitchell Library.
2082:, pp. 4, 71, 74–75.
1942:
1852:by Carlos Barrios (2014)
1647:Derivatives and variants
1622:House of Representatives
1467:Charles, Prince of Wales
1463:Diana, Princess of Wales
1124:Post-battle preservation
458:William Bramwell Withers
428:Eureka Stockade Monument
6900:William Edward Atherden
6548:Governors of the States
6503:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
6371:Art Gallery of Ballarat
6127:The Eureka Encyclopedia
5728:Craig, William (1903).
5384:Broad left, Narrow left
5360:Gold, Geoffrey (1977).
5334:Blake, Gregory (2009).
5315:Blake, Gregory (2012).
4900:, p. 183, note 78.
4586:. Sydney. 11 March 2022
4427:. Sydney. 13 April 2014
2018:Irish Rebellion of 1798
1927:Australian Flag Society
1884:Australian Flag Society
1765:report, 4 December 1854
1570:Australian White Ensign
1406:NSW Parliament Building
1243:Other notable fragments
630:Art Gallery of Ballarat
300:William Edward Atherden
6879:Henry Christopher Wise
6697:National Colonial Flag
6486:States and territories
6447:Torres Strait Islander
6381:Eureka Centre Ballarat
6293:. Ballarat. p. 3.
6249:. Ballarat. p. 5.
5855:Thomas, John Wellesley
5827:Thomas, John Wellesley
5541:Cayley, Frank (1966).
5145:A History of Australia
5133:A History of Australia
5102:. Ballarat. p. 5.
4806:The Courier (Ballarat)
4655:"Welcome to the PMAV!"
3804:. Ballarat. p. 5.
3726:The Courier (Ballarat)
3251:. Ballarat. p. 1.
3176:Thomas, John Wellesley
2442:Thomas, John Wellesley
2137:. 2006. Archived from
2070:, p. 480, note 2.
1853:
1843:
1834:
1821:
1808:
1801:
1784:
1766:
1707:
1694:
1656:
1584:
1483:
1452:Northcote City Council
1409:
1398:
1391:Australian Labor Party
1349:Australian of the Year
1224:
1172:
1163:
1139:
1121:
1044:
1013:
971:
871:Ballarat Reform League
851:
837:
800:
770:Ballarat Reform League
756:constable and fined 5
677:Victorian constitution
408:Australian nationalism
222:Henry Richard Nicholls
217:Henry Christopher Wise
162:Ballarat Reform League
113:Australian gold rushes
65:
26:
6869:John Wellesley Thomas
6457:Civil Aviation Ensign
6268:Sydney Morning Herald
6098:North Western Courier
6086:North Western Courier
5982:"AFFAIRS AT BALLARAT"
5428:Australia's Awakening
5169:O'Brien, Bob (1992).
5163:Surveys of the period
5025:. Ballarat. p. 3
4424:Sydney Morning Herald
3975:Australian Flags 2006
3897:Sydney Morning Herald
3073:North Western Courier
2916:"Affairs at Ballarat"
2003:about the stockade."
1998:Chinese-born Senator
1848:
1839:
1829:
1817:
1806:
1796:
1780:
1760:
1703:
1686:
1654:
1582:
1538:Australia First Party
1534:Melbourne Trades Hall
1504:Deputy Prime Minister
1500:Sydney Harbour Bridge
1475:
1404:
1389:
1270:Royal Australian Navy
1218:
1167:
1149:
1137:
1128:Further information:
1116:
1039:
1008:
962:
916:Federation University
843:
831:
820:in a bayonet charge.
795:
659:Port Phillip District
596:Australia First Party
64:
24:
7102:Special events flags
7082:Southern Cross flags
7042:December 1854 events
6893:Last known survivors
6667:British Empire flags
6641:Defence Force Ensign
6237:Eureka commemoration
6216:Historical magazines
5857:(14 December 1854).
5406:The Peasant Mandarin
5253:The Revolt at Eureka
5251:Wenban, Ray (1958).
3742:, p. 81, 84–85.
3178:(14 December 1854).
1877:The Revolt at Eureka
1634:old parliament house
1066:Justice of the Peace
939:commence. Professor
824:Origin and symbolism
797:Eureka Stockade Riot
745:John Basson Humffray
483:Australia portal
344:Henry Samuel Chapman
339:Butler Cole Aspinall
242:John Basson Humffray
148:The Eureka Rebellion
69:Eureka Stockade Riot
7062:History of Ballarat
7022:Australian folklore
6953:Eureka Jack Mystery
6864:Robert William Rede
6847:Military and police
6304:News Corp Australia
6277:Society and culture
6232:Other media reports
5829:(3 December 1854).
5802:on 12 November 2013
5565:Eureka and its flag
5545:. Adelaide: Rigby.
5497:Blake, Les (1979).
5364:. Adelaide: Rigby.
5354:Political histories
5261:Narrative histories
5245:Pictorial histories
4934:on 12 November 2013
4344:, pp. 230–244.
4102:on 13 February 2014
4043:News Corp Australia
3555:, pp. 539–541.
3419:, pp. 227–228.
3390:, 1870, Appendix E.
3388:History of Ballarat
2690:, 1 May 1896, p. 1.
2496:Launceston Examiner
2444:(3 December 1854).
2370:, pp. 192–193.
2212:, pp. 254–255.
2141:on 6 December 2010.
2111:. Heritage Victoria
1937:Southern Cross Flag
1753:Eureka Jack Mystery
1747:Eureka Jack Mystery
1598:Southern Hemisphere
1575:Standardised design
1496:City Hill, Canberra
847:The Eureka Stockade
733:Robert William Rede
685:legislative council
681:Imperial parliament
585:Australian republic
534:Victoria, Australia
413:Eureka Jack Mystery
354:John Joseph (rebel)
325:High treason trials
277:Robert William Rede
133:Victorian gold rush
123:Revolutions of 1848
7107:Flags of Australia
7037:1854 introductions
6518:Northern Territory
6423:Flags of Australia
5711:Carboni, Raffaello
5436:Feminist histories
5309:Military histories
4635:. 15 February 2015
4496:"City of Ballarat"
4392:The Canberra Times
4360:The Canberra Times
3829:, pp. 53–⁰54.
3608:, pp. 56, 76.
3579:, pp. 55, 71.
3519:, p. 174–182.
2431:, pp. 77, 81.
2228:Geelong Advertiser
1854:
1809:
1767:
1730:Other Eureka flags
1695:
1661:Lambing Flat riots
1657:
1655:The Roll Up Banner
1585:
1484:
1410:
1399:
1321:Australian culture
1225:
1154:1st October, 1895
1151:Kingsley, Minyip,
1140:
1079:Geelong Advertiser
1045:
1002:In the subsequent
996:Geelong Advertiser
972:
936:Province of Canada
852:
838:
801:
675:. Approval of the
282:Sir Charles Hotham
66:
27:
7032:1854 in Australia
6999:
6998:
6918:Raffaello Carboni
6720:
6719:
6543:Western Australia
6330:978-1-92-084536-0
6155:978-0-73-066011-8
6136:978-1-87-647861-2
6093:"News of the Day"
5721:Project Gutenberg
5690:978-1-87-647813-1
5671:978-0-68-802977-7
5649:978-0-07-059093-9
5596:978-0-95-892395-8
5574:978-0-85-914004-1
5552:978-9-04-010451-0
5508:978-0-90-913140-1
5482:978-0-94-992434-6
5456:978-1-92-218254-8
5415:978-0-70-221217-8
5393:978-0-95-981049-3
5371:978-0-27-002562-0
5345:978-0-98-047532-6
5326:978-1-92-213204-8
5300:978-0-73-333156-5
5281:978-1-74-275525-0
5268:FitzSimons, Peter
5240:Popular histories
5231:978-1-87-647878-0
5209:978-0-52-284157-2
5180:978-1-87-560604-7
5154:978-0-52-284147-3
5129:Barnard, Marjorie
5122:General histories
5086:, pp. 25–27.
4864:, pp. 14–15.
4779:Beggs-Sunter 2004
4737:on 20 March 2011.
4449:Beggs-Sunter 2004
4254:Beggs-Sunter 2004
4242:Beggs-Sunter 2004
4169:Beggs-Sunter 2004
4022:, pp. 87–90.
3993:"The Eureka Flag"
3827:Beggs-Sunter 2004
3815:Beggs-Sunter 2004
3620:. September 2010.
3567:, pp. 29–30.
3541:Beggs-Sunter 2004
3458:, pp. 74–75.
3386:William Withers,
3375:Beggs-Sunter 2004
3226:, pp. 66–67.
3068:"News of the Day"
2794:, pp. 53–54.
2792:Beggs-Sunter 2004
2714:, pp. 82–83.
2657:Beggs-Sunter 2014
2598:Beggs-Sunter 2004
2407:, pp. 75–76.
2358:, pp. 38–39.
2094:, pp. 64–68.
1665:Burrangong region
1608:Eureka Flag bills
1549:Melbourne Victory
600:white nationalist
524:was flown at the
518:
517:
374:William à Beckett
369:Sir Redmond Barry
364:Raffaello Carboni
7149:
7077:Historical flags
7017:Eureka Rebellion
6981:Eureka Rebellion
6747:
6740:
6733:
6724:
6723:
6646:Air Force Ensign
6578:Cities and towns
6498:Christmas Island
6467:Governor-General
6416:
6409:
6402:
6393:
6392:
6359:
6343:
6334:
6308:
6294:
6272:
6250:
6227:
6211:
6192:10.2307/27515926
6174:
6159:
6140:
6106:
6081:
6061:Melbourne Herald
6056:
6031:
6013:
5995:
5970:
5952:
5934:
5916:
5886:
5878:
5872:
5870:
5865:on 12 April 2019
5850:
5844:
5842:
5820:Official reports
5815:
5809:
5807:
5798:. Archived from
5783:
5777:
5775:
5755:
5733:
5724:
5694:
5675:
5653:
5631:
5612:
5600:
5578:
5556:
5537:
5524:Australian Flags
5512:
5486:
5460:
5431:
5419:
5397:
5375:
5349:
5330:
5304:
5285:
5256:
5235:
5218:Withers, William
5213:
5184:
5158:
5136:
5104:
5103:
5093:
5087:
5081:
5075:
5074:
5066:
5060:
5054:
5048:
5041:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5030:
5012:
5003:
4997:
4991:
4985:
4979:
4978:
4972:
4970:
4953:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4939:
4930:. Archived from
4919:
4913:
4907:
4901:
4895:
4889:
4883:
4877:
4871:
4865:
4859:
4853:
4852:
4844:
4838:
4832:
4823:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4797:
4791:
4788:
4782:
4776:
4770:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4745:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4728:The Eureka Shaft
4725:
4716:
4710:
4709:
4695:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4625:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4614:
4602:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4574:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4563:
4546:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4535:
4525:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4506:
4500:City of Ballarat
4492:
4486:
4485:
4470:
4464:
4458:
4452:
4446:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4415:
4409:
4408:
4402:
4400:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4370:
4368:
4351:
4345:
4339:
4333:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4314:
4312:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4282:
4280:
4263:
4257:
4251:
4245:
4239:
4233:
4227:
4221:
4215:
4209:
4203:
4197:
4190:
4184:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4101:
4095:. Archived from
4093:Mccrindle.com.au
4090:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4054:
4048:
4047:
4034:
4023:
4017:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4003:
3997:
3989:
3978:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3761:
3755:
3749:
3743:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3716:
3710:
3704:
3695:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3672:City of Ballarat
3664:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3627:
3621:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3586:
3580:
3574:
3568:
3562:
3556:
3550:
3544:
3538:
3532:
3526:
3520:
3514:
3505:
3504:
3485:10.2307/27515926
3468:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3426:
3420:
3410:
3404:
3397:
3391:
3384:
3378:
3372:
3363:
3361:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3342:
3340:
3323:
3317:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3301:
3295:
3286:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3265:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3242:
3227:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3200:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3186:on 12 April 2019
3172:
3166:
3160:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3112:on 15 April 2018
3111:
3104:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3083:
3081:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3040:
3031:
3025:
3014:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2995:
2993:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2963:
2961:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2837:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2813:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2789:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2745:
2739:
2733:
2727:
2721:
2715:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2691:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2643:
2642:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2613:
2607:
2601:
2595:
2586:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2529:The Capricornian
2519:
2513:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2452:. Archived from
2438:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2396:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2238:
2236:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2152:
2143:
2142:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2021:
2010:
2004:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1963:
1957:
1953:
1932:Silver fern flag
1921:
1916:
1915:
1907:
1905:Australia portal
1902:
1901:
1900:
1792:Peter FitzSimons
1778:were told that:
1553:Melbourne Rebels
1518:City of Ballarat
1353:Warwick Thornton
1237:City of Ballarat
1229:Artlab Australia
1041:Eureka Slaughter
941:Geoffrey Blainey
729:Charles La Trobe
725:Bendigo Petition
653:Eureka Rebellion
538:Eureka Rebellion
510:
503:
496:
485:
481:
480:
479:
400:
334:Archibald Michie
326:
287:Suffolk Regiment
177:Charles La Trobe
167:Bendigo Petition
149:
105:
86:Military leaders
59:
54:
44:
43:Eureka Rebellion
35:
29:
28:
7157:
7156:
7152:
7151:
7150:
7148:
7147:
7146:
7092:Political flags
7087:Liberty symbols
7002:
7001:
7000:
6995:
6967:
6958:Charles Doudiet
6904:
6888:
6842:
6794:
6756:
6751:
6721:
6716:
6692:Federation Flag
6655:
6629:
6573:
6552:
6528:South Australia
6508:New South Wales
6481:
6425:
6420:
6367:
6362:
6353:
6350:
6331:
6315:
6297:
6279:
6257:
6239:
6234:
6218:
6166:
6156:
6137:
6121:
6119:Reference books
6113:
6111:Other documents
6091:
6088:
6066:
6063:
6041:
6038:
6016:
5998:
5980:
5977:
5955:
5937:
5919:
5901:
5898:
5893:
5868:
5866:
5840:
5838:
5837:on 4 April 2019
5822:
5805:
5803:
5790:
5773:
5771:
5762:
5748:Wilson, John W.
5706:
5701:
5699:Primary sources
5691:
5672:
5650:
5628:
5597:
5587:The Eureka Flag
5575:
5553:
5534:
5519:
5509:
5493:
5483:
5467:
5457:
5438:
5416:
5394:
5372:
5356:
5346:
5327:
5311:
5301:
5282:
5263:
5247:
5242:
5232:
5210:
5191:
5189:Local histories
5181:
5165:
5155:
5124:
5119:
5113:
5108:
5107:
5094:
5090:
5082:
5078:
5071:Eureka Stockade
5068:
5067:
5063:
5055:
5051:
5042:
5038:
5028:
5026:
5013:
5006:
4998:
4994:
4986:
4982:
4968:
4966:
4955:
4954:
4947:
4937:
4935:
4920:
4916:
4910:FitzSimons 2012
4908:
4904:
4896:
4892:
4884:
4880:
4872:
4868:
4860:
4856:
4849:Eureka Stockade
4846:
4845:
4841:
4833:
4826:
4818:
4814:
4799:
4798:
4794:
4789:
4785:
4777:
4773:
4768:
4764:
4754:
4752:
4747:
4746:
4742:
4734:
4723:
4717:
4713:
4696:
4692:
4682:
4680:
4675:
4674:
4670:
4660:
4658:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4638:
4636:
4633:Melbourne Point
4627:
4626:
4622:
4612:
4610:
4603:
4599:
4589:
4587:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4561:
4559:
4547:
4543:
4533:
4531:
4523:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4504:
4502:
4494:
4493:
4489:
4484:on 15 May 2010.
4472:
4471:
4467:
4459:
4455:
4447:
4440:
4430:
4428:
4417:
4416:
4412:
4398:
4396:
4385:
4384:
4380:
4366:
4364:
4353:
4352:
4348:
4340:
4336:
4328:
4324:
4310:
4308:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4278:
4276:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4252:
4248:
4240:
4236:
4230:Darlington 1983
4228:
4224:
4216:
4212:
4204:
4200:
4194:Daily Telegraph
4191:
4187:
4179:
4175:
4167:
4163:
4153:
4151:
4136:
4132:
4120:
4119:
4115:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4088:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4069:
4067:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4036:
4035:
4026:
4018:
4011:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3981:
3973:
3969:
3959:
3957:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3939:
3935:
3925:
3923:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3903:
3901:
3888:
3884:
3874:
3872:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3852:
3850:
3837:
3833:
3825:
3821:
3813:
3809:
3796:
3792:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3750:
3746:
3738:
3734:
3717:
3713:
3705:
3698:
3690:
3686:
3676:
3674:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3651:
3649:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3616:
3612:
3604:
3600:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3575:
3571:
3563:
3559:
3551:
3547:
3539:
3535:
3527:
3523:
3515:
3508:
3469:
3462:
3454:
3450:
3436:
3434:
3427:
3423:
3415:, p. 239;
3411:
3407:
3398:
3394:
3385:
3381:
3373:
3366:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3338:
3336:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3297:
3296:
3289:
3284:
3280:
3272:
3268:
3260:
3256:
3243:
3230:
3222:
3218:
3212:FitzSimons 2012
3210:
3203:
3189:
3187:
3173:
3169:
3161:
3154:
3144:
3142:
3129:
3125:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3079:
3077:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3042:
3041:
3034:
3026:
3017:
3013:, pp. 6–7.
3009:
3005:
2991:
2989:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2959:
2957:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2927:
2925:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2901:
2897:
2893:, pp. 7–8.
2889:
2885:
2877:
2873:
2865:
2861:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2826:
2822:
2814:
2810:
2802:
2798:
2790:
2783:
2775:
2771:
2763:
2759:
2746:
2742:
2734:
2730:
2722:
2718:
2710:
2706:
2698:
2694:
2679:
2675:
2667:
2663:
2655:
2646:
2635:
2631:
2623:
2616:
2608:
2604:
2596:
2589:
2575:
2573:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2553:, pp. 6–7.
2549:
2545:
2535:
2533:
2520:
2516:
2502:
2500:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2476:
2469:
2459:
2457:
2456:on 4 April 2019
2439:
2435:
2427:
2423:
2415:
2411:
2403:
2399:
2390:
2386:
2378:
2374:
2368:MacFarlane 1995
2366:
2362:
2354:
2347:
2339:
2335:
2327:
2323:
2315:
2311:
2303:
2299:
2291:
2287:
2279:
2275:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2252:
2248:
2234:
2232:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2185:
2181:
2167:
2165:
2154:
2153:
2146:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2112:
2102:
2098:
2090:
2086:
2078:
2074:
2066:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2046:, p. xiii.
2042:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1973:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1919:Politics portal
1917:
1910:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1873:Eureka Stockade
1755:
1749:
1732:
1712:Eureka Stockade
1690:Eureka Stockade
1649:
1610:
1577:
1498:; and from the
1488:sesquicentenary
1384:
1361:Australian flag
1337:National Action
1323:as a symbol of
1317:
1245:
1193:Communist Party
1132:
1126:
1095:
1089:
1034:
968:Charles Doudiet
957:
910:In his seminal
826:
807:, who had left
673:New South Wales
655:
649:
554:Eureka Stockade
548:of defiance at
514:
477:
475:
474:
469:
468:
467:
453:Charles Doudiet
402:
398:
390:
389:
388:
379:William Stawell
328:
324:
316:
315:
314:
257:Miner's licence
151:
147:
139:
138:
137:
107:
103:
95:
72:
42:
33:
25:The Eureka Flag
17:
12:
11:
5:
7155:
7145:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7097:Activism flags
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
6997:
6996:
6994:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6977:
6975:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6914:
6912:
6906:
6905:
6903:
6902:
6896:
6894:
6890:
6889:
6887:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6874:Charles Pasley
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6854:Charles Hotham
6850:
6848:
6844:
6843:
6841:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6828:Frederick Vern
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6804:
6802:
6800:Rebel garrison
6796:
6795:
6793:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6766:
6764:
6758:
6757:
6750:
6749:
6742:
6735:
6727:
6718:
6717:
6715:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6663:
6661:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6637:
6635:
6631:
6630:
6628:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6581:
6579:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6571:
6566:
6560:
6558:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6513:Norfolk Island
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6489:
6487:
6483:
6482:
6480:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6433:
6431:
6427:
6426:
6419:
6418:
6411:
6404:
6396:
6390:
6389:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6366:
6365:External links
6363:
6361:
6360:
6349:
6346:
6345:
6344:
6335:
6329:
6314:
6311:
6310:
6309:
6295:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6273:
6256:
6255:Opinion pieces
6253:
6252:
6251:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6229:
6228:
6224:Look and Learn
6217:
6214:
6213:
6212:
6184:Labour History
6175:
6165:
6162:
6161:
6160:
6154:
6141:
6135:
6120:
6117:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6107:
6087:
6084:
6083:
6082:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6057:
6037:
6034:
6033:
6032:
6014:
5996:
5976:
5973:
5972:
5971:
5953:
5935:
5917:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5887:
5879:
5851:
5821:
5818:
5817:
5816:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5784:
5761:
5758:
5757:
5756:
5744:
5741:
5734:
5725:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5689:
5676:
5670:
5658:Smith, Whitney
5654:
5648:
5636:Smith, Whitney
5632:
5626:
5613:
5601:
5595:
5579:
5573:
5557:
5551:
5538:
5532:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5513:
5507:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5487:
5481:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5455:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5432:
5420:
5414:
5398:
5392:
5376:
5370:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5344:
5331:
5325:
5310:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5299:
5286:
5280:
5262:
5259:
5258:
5257:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5230:
5214:
5208:
5190:
5187:
5186:
5185:
5179:
5164:
5161:
5160:
5159:
5153:
5141:Clark, Manning
5137:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5117:Historiography
5115:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5088:
5076:
5061:
5059:, p. 270.
5049:
5036:
5004:
4992:
4990:, p. 357.
4980:
4945:
4914:
4902:
4890:
4878:
4866:
4854:
4839:
4824:
4812:
4792:
4783:
4771:
4762:
4740:
4711:
4690:
4668:
4646:
4620:
4597:
4569:
4541:
4512:
4487:
4465:
4463:, p. 157.
4453:
4438:
4410:
4378:
4346:
4334:
4332:, p. 108.
4322:
4290:
4258:
4246:
4234:
4222:
4220:, p. 301.
4210:
4198:
4185:
4173:
4161:
4130:
4113:
4077:
4049:
4024:
4009:
3979:
3967:
3954:"Our Own Flag"
3945:
3933:
3911:
3882:
3860:
3831:
3819:
3807:
3790:
3773:
3756:
3744:
3732:
3711:
3696:
3694:, p. 118.
3684:
3659:
3637:
3622:
3610:
3598:
3581:
3569:
3557:
3545:
3533:
3521:
3506:
3477:Labour History
3460:
3448:
3421:
3405:
3392:
3379:
3364:
3350:
3318:
3304:
3287:
3278:
3266:
3254:
3228:
3216:
3214:, p. 477.
3201:
3167:
3152:
3123:
3091:
3059:
3032:
3015:
3003:
2971:
2939:
2907:
2895:
2883:
2871:
2859:
2847:
2832:
2820:
2808:
2796:
2781:
2769:
2757:
2753:Ballarat Times
2740:
2728:
2716:
2704:
2692:
2673:
2671:, p. 239.
2661:
2644:
2629:
2627:, p. 190.
2614:
2602:
2587:
2555:
2543:
2514:
2482:
2467:
2433:
2421:
2419:, p. 209.
2409:
2397:
2384:
2372:
2360:
2345:
2343:, p. 151.
2333:
2321:
2319:, p. 260.
2309:
2297:
2285:
2283:, p. 261.
2273:
2268:Look and Learn
2258:
2256:, p. 255.
2246:
2214:
2202:
2191:
2189:, p. 321.
2179:
2144:
2122:
2096:
2084:
2072:
2060:
2058:, p. xiv.
2048:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2005:
1991:
1981:
1971:
1958:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1908:
1892:
1889:
1751:Main article:
1748:
1745:
1731:
1728:
1717:Chips Rafferty
1674:Sir John Young
1648:
1645:
1618:Flags Act 1953
1616:to "amend the
1614:Gavin Marshall
1609:
1606:
1602:Epsilon Crucis
1590:Southern Cross
1576:
1573:
1492:federal senate
1383:
1380:
1329:egalitarianism
1316:
1313:
1244:
1241:
1177:Labour History
1125:
1122:
1091:Main article:
1088:
1085:
1057:Constable King
1033:
1030:
1022:Welcome Nugget
1004:Ballarat Times
984:Ballarat Times
956:
953:
945:Southern Cross
932:Flag of Quebec
920:Ballarat Times
891:Ballarat Times
825:
822:
737:Charles Hotham
700:Thomas Hiscock
669:British Empire
651:Main article:
648:
645:
607:Catherine King
542:mining permits
516:
515:
513:
512:
505:
498:
490:
487:
486:
471:
470:
466:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
404:
403:
396:
395:
392:
391:
387:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
330:
329:
322:
321:
318:
317:
313:
312:
307:
302:
297:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
153:
152:
145:
144:
141:
140:
136:
135:
130:
128:Thomas Hiscock
125:
120:
115:
109:
108:
101:
100:
97:
96:
94:
93:
88:
83:
77:
74:
73:
67:
47:
46:
38:
37:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7154:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7009:
7007:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6978:
6976:
6974:
6970:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6915:
6913:
6911:
6907:
6901:
6898:
6897:
6895:
6891:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6859:Robert Nickle
6857:
6855:
6852:
6851:
6849:
6845:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6818:Edward Thonen
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6805:
6803:
6801:
6797:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6785:Pikeman's dog
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6767:
6765:
6763:
6759:
6755:
6748:
6743:
6741:
6736:
6734:
6729:
6728:
6725:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6664:
6662:
6658:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6638:
6636:
6632:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6582:
6580:
6576:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6561:
6559:
6555:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6484:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6437:National flag
6435:
6434:
6432:
6428:
6424:
6417:
6412:
6410:
6405:
6403:
6398:
6397:
6394:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6368:
6357:
6352:
6351:
6341:
6336:
6332:
6326:
6322:
6317:
6316:
6306:
6305:
6300:
6296:
6292:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6280:
6270:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6258:
6248:
6247:
6241:
6240:
6225:
6220:
6219:
6209:
6205:
6201:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6186:(85): 29–45.
6185:
6181:
6176:
6172:
6168:
6167:
6157:
6151:
6147:
6142:
6138:
6132:
6128:
6123:
6122:
6116:
6104:
6100:
6099:
6094:
6090:
6089:
6079:
6075:
6074:
6069:
6065:
6064:
6054:
6050:
6049:
6044:
6040:
6039:
6029:
6025:
6024:
6019:
6015:
6011:
6007:
6006:
6001:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5988:
5983:
5979:
5978:
5968:
5964:
5963:
5958:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5945:
5940:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5927:
5922:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5909:
5904:
5900:
5899:
5884:
5880:
5876:
5864:
5860:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5824:
5823:
5813:
5801:
5797:
5792:
5791:
5781:
5769:
5764:
5763:
5753:
5749:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5735:
5731:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5717:
5712:
5708:
5707:
5692:
5686:
5682:
5677:
5673:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5645:
5641:
5637:
5633:
5629:
5627:0-86840-567-1
5623:
5619:
5614:
5610:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5592:
5588:
5584:
5580:
5576:
5570:
5566:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5548:
5544:
5543:Flag of Stars
5539:
5535:
5533:0-642-47134-7
5529:
5525:
5521:
5520:
5510:
5504:
5500:
5495:
5494:
5484:
5478:
5474:
5469:
5468:
5458:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5443:Wright, Clare
5440:
5439:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5367:
5363:
5358:
5357:
5347:
5341:
5337:
5332:
5328:
5322:
5318:
5313:
5312:
5302:
5296:
5292:
5287:
5283:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5264:
5254:
5249:
5248:
5233:
5227:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5211:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5192:
5182:
5176:
5172:
5167:
5166:
5156:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5125:
5101:
5100:
5092:
5085:
5080:
5072:
5065:
5058:
5053:
5046:
5040:
5024:
5023:
5018:
5011:
5009:
5001:
4996:
4989:
4984:
4976:
4964:
4963:
4958:
4952:
4950:
4933:
4929:
4925:
4918:
4911:
4906:
4899:
4894:
4888:, p. 32.
4887:
4882:
4876:, p. 77.
4875:
4870:
4863:
4858:
4850:
4843:
4837:, p. 78.
4836:
4831:
4829:
4822:, p. 80.
4821:
4816:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4796:
4787:
4780:
4775:
4766:
4750:
4744:
4733:
4729:
4722:
4715:
4707:
4706:
4701:
4694:
4678:
4672:
4656:
4650:
4634:
4630:
4629:"Trades Hall"
4624:
4608:
4601:
4585:
4584:
4579:
4573:
4558:
4557:
4552:
4545:
4529:
4522:
4516:
4501:
4497:
4491:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4469:
4462:
4457:
4451:, p. 59.
4450:
4445:
4443:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4414:
4406:
4394:
4393:
4388:
4382:
4374:
4362:
4361:
4356:
4350:
4343:
4338:
4331:
4326:
4318:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4294:
4286:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4262:
4256:, p. 57.
4255:
4250:
4244:, p. 56.
4243:
4238:
4232:, p. 30.
4231:
4226:
4219:
4214:
4208:, p. 17.
4207:
4202:
4195:
4189:
4183:, p. 95.
4182:
4177:
4171:, p. 55.
4170:
4165:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4134:
4126:
4125:
4117:
4098:
4094:
4087:
4081:
4065:
4064:
4059:
4053:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4021:
4016:
4014:
3994:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3977:, p. 35.
3976:
3971:
3955:
3949:
3943:, p. 90.
3942:
3937:
3921:
3915:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3886:
3870:
3864:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3835:
3828:
3823:
3817:, p. 53.
3816:
3811:
3803:
3802:
3794:
3786:
3785:
3777:
3769:
3768:
3760:
3754:, p. 85.
3753:
3748:
3741:
3736:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3715:
3709:, p. 81.
3708:
3703:
3701:
3693:
3688:
3673:
3669:
3663:
3647:
3641:
3633:
3632:Business News
3626:
3619:
3614:
3607:
3602:
3594:
3593:
3585:
3578:
3573:
3566:
3561:
3554:
3549:
3543:, p. 51.
3542:
3537:
3530:
3525:
3518:
3513:
3511:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3479:(85): 29–45.
3478:
3474:
3467:
3465:
3457:
3452:
3444:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3414:
3409:
3402:
3396:
3389:
3383:
3377:, p. 49.
3376:
3371:
3369:
3360:
3354:
3346:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3322:
3314:
3308:
3300:
3294:
3292:
3282:
3276:, p. 88.
3275:
3270:
3264:, p. 82.
3263:
3258:
3250:
3249:
3248:Ballarat Star
3241:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3225:
3220:
3213:
3208:
3206:
3197:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3165:, p. 59.
3164:
3159:
3157:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3127:
3108:
3101:
3095:
3087:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3063:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3030:, p. 68.
3029:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3012:
3007:
2999:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2975:
2967:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2943:
2935:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2911:
2904:
2899:
2892:
2887:
2881:, p. 35.
2880:
2875:
2869:, p. 62.
2868:
2863:
2857:, p. 76.
2856:
2851:
2843:
2836:
2830:, p. 11.
2829:
2824:
2818:, p. 63.
2817:
2812:
2806:, p. 20.
2805:
2800:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2779:, p. 60.
2778:
2773:
2767:, p. 49.
2766:
2761:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2738:, p. 81.
2737:
2732:
2725:
2720:
2713:
2708:
2702:, p. 82.
2701:
2696:
2689:
2688:Ballarat Star
2685:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2665:
2658:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2621:
2619:
2612:, p. 97.
2611:
2606:
2600:, p. 48.
2599:
2594:
2592:
2583:
2571:
2570:
2569:Ballarat Star
2565:
2559:
2552:
2547:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2518:
2510:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2486:
2480:, p. 98.
2479:
2474:
2472:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2430:
2425:
2418:
2413:
2406:
2401:
2394:
2388:
2382:, p. 73.
2381:
2376:
2369:
2364:
2357:
2352:
2350:
2342:
2337:
2331:, p. 33.
2330:
2325:
2318:
2313:
2307:, p. 67.
2306:
2301:
2295:, p. 68.
2294:
2289:
2282:
2277:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2250:
2242:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2211:
2206:
2195:
2188:
2183:
2175:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2093:
2088:
2081:
2076:
2069:
2064:
2057:
2052:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2033:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2001:
1995:
1985:
1975:
1968:
1962:
1952:
1948:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1909:
1906:
1895:
1888:
1885:
1882:In 2013, the
1880:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1826:
1820:
1816:
1814:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1779:
1777:
1772:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1727:
1725:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1702:
1700:
1699:Whitney Smith
1697:According to
1692:
1691:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1653:
1644:
1642:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1594:constellation
1591:
1581:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1507:John Anderson
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1481:
1480:
1474:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1448:Gough Whitlam
1444:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1429:
1427:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1395:Sydney Domain
1392:
1388:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1372:City of Unley
1368:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1315:Customary use
1312:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1298:In 2017, the
1296:
1293:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1222:
1221:Eureka Centre
1217:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1206:Gough Whitlam
1201:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1136:
1131:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1112:Henry Chapman
1108:
1104:
1101:
1094:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1042:
1038:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1000:
997:
992:
990:
985:
980:
976:
969:
965:
961:
952:
948:
946:
942:
937:
933:
928:
923:
921:
917:
913:
912:Flag of Stars
908:
905:
904:Fredrick Vern
901:
900:
894:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
863:
860:
859:
849:
848:
842:
835:
830:
821:
819:
815:
814:40th Regiment
810:
806:
798:
794:
790:
787:
783:
777:
775:
771:
767:
766:12th Regiment
761:
759:
753:
750:
746:
743:", including
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
721:
718:
712:
708:
705:
702:, outside of
701:
697:
693:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
665:
660:
654:
644:
642:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
618:
616:
612:
608:
605:
601:
597:
594:
590:
586:
582:
577:
575:
571:
566:
562:
561:Prussian blue
559:The field is
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
511:
506:
504:
499:
497:
492:
491:
489:
488:
484:
473:
472:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
401:
394:
393:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
349:Henry Seekamp
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
331:
327:
320:
319:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
267:Pikeman's dog
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
232:Henry Seekamp
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
207:Fredrick Vern
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
187:Edward Thonen
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
154:
150:
143:
142:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
110:
106:
99:
98:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
78:
76:
75:
70:
63:
58:
53:
49:
48:
45:
40:
39:
36:
31:
30:
23:
19:
6823:John Manning
6774:
6686:
6651:Naval Ensign
6564:Murray River
6472:Border Force
6388:R.D. Walshe.
6355:
6339:
6320:
6302:
6288:
6266:
6244:
6223:
6183:
6170:
6145:
6126:
6114:
6096:
6071:
6046:
6021:
6003:
5985:
5960:
5942:
5924:
5906:
5882:
5873:– via
5867:. Retrieved
5863:the original
5845:– via
5839:. Retrieved
5835:the original
5810:– via
5804:. Retrieved
5800:the original
5778:– via
5772:. Retrieved
5751:
5737:
5729:
5715:
5680:
5661:
5639:
5617:
5608:
5586:
5564:
5542:
5523:
5498:
5472:
5446:
5427:
5424:Spence, W.G.
5405:
5383:
5361:
5335:
5316:
5290:
5271:
5252:
5221:
5199:
5196:Bate, Weston
5170:
5144:
5132:
5111:Bibliography
5097:
5091:
5079:
5070:
5064:
5052:
5044:
5039:
5027:. Retrieved
5020:
4995:
4983:
4973:– via
4967:. Retrieved
4960:
4936:. Retrieved
4932:the original
4917:
4905:
4893:
4881:
4869:
4857:
4848:
4842:
4815:
4804:
4795:
4786:
4774:
4765:
4753:. Retrieved
4743:
4732:the original
4727:
4714:
4708:. Melbourne.
4703:
4693:
4681:. Retrieved
4671:
4659:. Retrieved
4649:
4637:. Retrieved
4632:
4623:
4611:. Retrieved
4600:
4588:. Retrieved
4581:
4572:
4560:. Retrieved
4554:
4544:
4532:. Retrieved
4515:
4503:. Retrieved
4490:
4482:the original
4477:
4468:
4456:
4429:. Retrieved
4422:
4413:
4403:– via
4397:. Retrieved
4390:
4381:
4371:– via
4365:. Retrieved
4358:
4349:
4337:
4325:
4315:– via
4309:. Retrieved
4302:
4293:
4283:– via
4277:. Retrieved
4270:
4261:
4249:
4237:
4225:
4213:
4201:
4193:
4188:
4176:
4164:
4152:. Retrieved
4143:
4133:
4122:
4116:
4104:. Retrieved
4097:the original
4092:
4080:
4068:. Retrieved
4061:
4052:
4041:
4000:. Retrieved
3970:
3958:. Retrieved
3948:
3936:
3924:. Retrieved
3914:
3902:. Retrieved
3895:
3885:
3873:. Retrieved
3863:
3851:. Retrieved
3844:
3834:
3822:
3810:
3799:
3793:
3782:
3776:
3765:
3759:
3747:
3735:
3724:
3714:
3687:
3675:. Retrieved
3662:
3650:. Retrieved
3640:
3631:
3625:
3617:
3613:
3601:
3590:
3584:
3572:
3560:
3548:
3536:
3524:
3476:
3451:
3441:– via
3435:. Retrieved
3424:
3413:Withers 1999
3408:
3400:
3395:
3387:
3382:
3358:
3353:
3343:– via
3337:. Retrieved
3330:
3321:
3312:
3307:
3298:
3281:
3269:
3262:Withers 1999
3257:
3246:
3219:
3194:– via
3188:. Retrieved
3184:the original
3170:
3163:Carboni 1855
3143:. Retrieved
3136:
3126:
3114:. Retrieved
3107:the original
3094:
3084:– via
3078:. Retrieved
3071:
3062:
3047:
3028:Carboni 1855
3006:
2996:– via
2990:. Retrieved
2983:
2974:
2964:– via
2958:. Retrieved
2951:
2942:
2932:– via
2926:. Retrieved
2919:
2910:
2905:, p. 8.
2898:
2886:
2874:
2862:
2850:
2841:
2835:
2823:
2811:
2799:
2772:
2760:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2736:O'Brien 1992
2731:
2719:
2707:
2695:
2687:
2681:
2676:
2669:Withers 1999
2664:
2638:
2632:
2610:Carboni 1855
2605:
2580:– via
2574:. Retrieved
2567:
2558:
2546:
2534:. Retrieved
2527:
2517:
2507:– via
2501:. Retrieved
2494:
2485:
2478:Carboni 1855
2458:. Retrieved
2454:the original
2436:
2429:Carboni 1855
2424:
2412:
2400:
2392:
2387:
2375:
2363:
2356:Carboni 1855
2336:
2324:
2317:Barnard 1962
2312:
2300:
2288:
2281:Barnard 1962
2276:
2267:
2261:
2254:Barnard 1962
2249:
2239:– via
2233:. Retrieved
2226:
2217:
2210:Barnard 1962
2205:
2194:
2187:Barnard 1962
2182:
2172:– via
2166:. Retrieved
2159:
2139:the original
2134:
2125:
2113:. Retrieved
2108:
2099:
2087:
2075:
2063:
2051:
2008:
2000:Tsebin Tchen
1994:
1984:
1974:
1966:
1961:
1951:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1855:
1849:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1810:
1797:
1794:has stated:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1762:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1721:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1696:
1689:
1678:
1670:Bastille Day
1658:
1638:
1626:
1617:
1611:
1586:
1564:
1561:
1546:
1515:
1485:
1478:
1460:
1445:
1441:
1433:
1430:
1423:
1411:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1346:
1318:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1275:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1246:
1226:
1210:
1202:
1198:
1190:
1182:Captain Wise
1176:
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1168:
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949:
924:
919:
911:
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897:
895:
890:
873:, "Captain"
864:
856:
853:
846:
832:Portrait of
818:forlorn hope
802:
796:
786:paramilitary
781:
778:
762:
754:
749:James Scobie
722:
713:
709:
689:
662:
656:
638:
619:
578:
558:
521:
519:
237:James Scobie
191:
68:
32:
18:
7127:Vexillology
6833:John Joseph
6808:Peter Lalor
6775:Eureka Flag
6687:Eureka Flag
6682:Bowman flag
6625:Wagga Wagga
6477:Honour Flag
6376:Eurekapedia
6290:The Courier
6246:The Courier
5939:"BALLAARAT"
5806:20 November
5517:Vexillology
5402:Murray, Les
5099:The Courier
5084:Wenban 1958
5029:17 November
5022:The Courier
4969:17 November
4957:"BALLAARAT"
4874:Cayley 1966
4862:Wilson 1963
4835:Smith 1975a
4820:Cayley 1966
4683:19 November
4342:Murray 1978
4311:17 November
4279:17 November
4181:Spence 1909
4154:19 February
4020:Cayley 1966
3960:29 November
3941:Cayley 1966
3926:19 November
3904:17 November
3849:. Melbourne
3801:The Courier
3784:The Courier
3767:The Courier
3752:Cayley 1966
3740:Cayley 1966
3729:. Ballarat.
3707:Cayley 1966
3618:My Ballarat
3592:The Courier
3339:17 November
3145:17 November
3138:The Courier
3080:17 November
2992:11 December
2960:17 November
2928:17 November
2903:Wilson 1963
2891:Wilson 1963
2855:Cayley 1966
2777:Smith 1975b
2724:Cayley 1966
2712:Cayley 1966
2700:Cayley 1966
2576:17 November
2551:Wilson 1963
2536:17 November
2503:17 November
2491:"Ballaarat"
2235:17 November
2223:"More Gold"
2168:17 November
2115:28 November
2068:Wright 2013
2016:during the
1761:Extract of
1641:Mark Latham
1417:during the
1357:Greg Craven
1339:, and some
1250:Robert Rede
1053:John Thomas
867:John Wilson
805:Peter Lalor
741:moral force
615:progressive
604:Ballarat MP
589:trade union
550:Bakery Hill
522:Eureka Flag
262:Peter Lalor
192:Eureka Flag
7006:Categories
6813:Henry Ross
6660:Historical
6605:Launceston
6523:Queensland
6452:Red Ensign
6442:Aboriginal
6348:Interviews
6073:The Herald
5869:7 December
5841:7 December
5788:Affidavits
5774:7 December
5057:Craig 1903
5000:Blake 2012
4938:7 December
4898:Blake 2009
4556:Green Left
4218:Kieza 2014
3437:7 December
3274:Blake 1979
3190:7 December
3141:. Ballarat
3049:The Herald
2749:Sydney Sun
2564:"Untitled"
2460:7 December
2448:(Report).
2405:Clark 1987
2380:Clark 1987
2305:Clark 1987
2293:Clark 1987
2028:References
1630:Al Grassby
1477:HMAS
1415:Barcaldine
1274:HMAS
1186:Egon Kisch
1100:actus reus
875:Henry Ross
834:Henry Ross
641:Union Jack
227:Henry Ross
6610:Melbourne
6271:. Sydney.
6200:0023-6942
6023:The Argus
5962:The Argus
5944:The Argus
5926:The Argus
5908:The Argus
5896:The Argus
5660:(1975b).
5638:(1975a).
5491:Biography
4962:The Argus
4461:Kwan 2006
4399:10 August
4367:10 August
4330:Gold 1977
4304:The Argus
4272:The Argus
4106:12 August
3956:. Ausflag
3493:0023-6942
3417:Bate 1978
2985:The Argus
2816:Bate 1978
2161:The Argus
1715:starring
1636:in 1972.
1540:with the
1456:Town Hall
1426:New Guard
1325:democracy
1196:drawing.
865:In 1885,
704:Buninyong
696:Melbourne
611:Flags Act
593:far-right
7067:Ballarat
6973:See also
6634:Military
6595:Canberra
6590:Brisbane
6585:Adelaide
6557:Regional
6538:Victoria
6533:Tasmania
6430:National
6356:Lateline
6313:Seminars
6208:27515926
6164:Journals
5750:(1963).
5713:(1855).
5607:(1963).
5605:Fox, Len
5585:(1992).
5583:Fox, Len
5563:(1973).
5561:Fox, Len
5445:(2013).
5426:(1909).
5404:(1978).
5382:(1982).
5380:Fox, Len
5270:(2012).
5220:(1999).
5198:(1978).
5143:(1987).
5131:(1962).
4886:Fox 1973
4478:ABC News
4431:14 April
4206:Fox 1963
4148:Archived
4144:ABC News
3900:. Sydney
3565:Fox 1973
3529:Fox 1963
3517:Fox 1982
3501:27515926
3403:, p. 44.
3116:12 April
2842:Lateline
2765:Fox 1992
2639:Overland
1967:Overland
1891:See also
1724:red flag
1565:Ballarat
1479:Ballarat
1341:neo-Nazi
1292:Overland
1276:Ballarat
782:en masse
717:Tasmania
617:causes.
530:Ballarat
118:Chartism
81:Timeline
6005:The Age
5987:The Age
5975:The Age
5760:Letters
5704:Memoirs
4705:The Age
4063:The Age
3846:The Age
2953:The Age
2921:The Age
1786:In his
883:Ontario
879:Toronto
809:Ireland
692:guineas
679:by the
647:History
581:protest
565:woollen
463:Len Fox
104:Origins
6910:Legacy
6620:Sydney
6600:Hobart
6327:
6206:
6198:
6152:
6133:
5687:
5668:
5646:
5624:
5593:
5571:
5549:
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5177:
5151:
4755:3 July
4661:4 July
4639:4 July
4562:4 July
4534:3 July
4505:4 July
4070:9 July
4002:1 July
3875:7 July
3853:7 July
3677:3 July
3652:2 July
3499:
3491:
2014:battle
1305:Bengal
970:(1854)
887:Canada
858:Herald
758:pounds
546:symbol
399:Legacy
7122:Flags
6762:Siege
6615:Perth
6204:JSTOR
6103:Trove
6078:Trove
6053:Trove
6028:Trove
6010:Trove
5992:Trove
5967:Trove
5949:Trove
5931:Trove
5913:Trove
4975:Trove
4735:(PDF)
4724:(PDF)
4613:2 May
4590:2 May
4524:(PDF)
4405:Trove
4373:Trove
4317:Trove
4285:Trove
4100:(PDF)
4089:(PDF)
3996:(PDF)
3497:JSTOR
3345:Trove
3110:(PDF)
3103:(PDF)
3086:Trove
3054:Trove
2998:Trove
2966:Trove
2934:Trove
2582:Trove
2509:Trove
2241:Trove
2174:Trove
1943:Notes
1825:Argus
1776:Argus
1771:Argus
1763:Argus
1563:HMAS
1522:CFMEU
1435:Argus
1309:India
1272:when
881:, in
574:twill
91:Siege
6325:ISBN
6196:ISSN
6150:ISBN
6131:ISBN
5871:2020
5843:2020
5808:2013
5776:2020
5685:ISBN
5666:ISBN
5644:ISBN
5622:ISBN
5591:ISBN
5569:ISBN
5547:ISBN
5528:ISBN
5503:ISBN
5477:ISBN
5451:ISBN
5410:ISBN
5388:ISBN
5366:ISBN
5340:ISBN
5321:ISBN
5295:ISBN
5276:ISBN
5226:ISBN
5204:ISBN
5175:ISBN
5149:ISBN
5031:2020
4971:2020
4940:2020
4757:2021
4685:2020
4663:2021
4641:2021
4615:2024
4592:2024
4564:2021
4536:2021
4507:2021
4433:2014
4401:2020
4369:2020
4313:2020
4281:2020
4156:2022
4108:2015
4072:2021
4004:2021
3962:2011
3928:2020
3906:2020
3877:2021
3855:2021
3679:2021
3654:2020
3489:ISSN
3439:2020
3341:2020
3192:2020
3147:2020
3118:2018
3082:2020
2994:2020
2962:2020
2930:2020
2747:The
2578:2020
2538:2020
2505:2020
2462:2020
2237:2020
2170:2020
2117:2011
1659:The
1592:, a
1551:and
1524:and
1370:The
1076:The
994:The
982:The
657:The
587:and
570:lawn
520:The
6188:doi
3481:doi
2683:Sun
1832:it.
1526:ETU
989:Age
966:by
947:".
899:Age
877:of
776:.
532:in
7008::
6301:.
6287:.
6265:.
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