97:
146:
85:
109:
351:. Kuhl's career flourished because he met the high standards of the demanding Schlieffen, who predicted that he would become a "great captain of the future". In 1899 he was promoted to Major and married. He learned much participating in Schleiffen's staff rides and war games. After Schlieffen's retirement Kuhl became head of the Third Department and was promoted to lieutenant colonel and then colonel. His first major publication, on Bonaparte's Campaign of 1796, appeared in 1902.
433:: "One minute he is extraordinarily optimistic, the next terribly down.", which made Kuhl especially important. The Army Group was responsible for the Ypres Salient; their major challenge was to funnel in the reserves to counter the British attacks. Kuhl received the Kingdom of Bavaria's highest purely military honor, the
461:, but failing to smash their will to resist. The Germans were about to attack again in Flanders so Kuhl, Rupprecht and their artillery commanders were meeting with Ludendorff to finalize the plans for the opening barrage when they learned by telephone that a joint French and American assault had shredded the
343:
Finally in 1897 he returned to the
Prussian Military Academy in Berlin as an instructor and concurrently served as a member of the Third Department of the General Staff, which monitored France, Britain, and the Low Countries. The intelligence from this department was essential for the development of
473:
on 11 August 1918, Rupprecht and his staff recognized that
Germany's position had become hopeless. Their headquarters had moved to Tournai (24 April 1918), now they retreated to Mons (2 September 1918) and finally to Brussels (17 October 1918), reflecting the long withdrawal from the Western Front
453:, using troops from the two armies on the southern flank of Army Group Rupprecht. Their success was so overwhelming that they extended the attack, but failed to separate the French and British armies and depleted resources intended for Flanders. When they did attack there they smashed through the
312:
Hermann Kuhl was born in
Koblenz, RheinpreuĂźen (Rhenish Prussia), the son of a professor of philosophy at the JĂĽlich Progymnasium. He studied philosophy, classical philology, German studies and comparative linguistics at the Universities of Leipzig, TĂĽbingen, Marburg and Berlin. In 1878 he received
395:
River and were transferring men to their right flank to fend off a French thrust from Paris. With the tip of the Eiffel Tower on the horizon, they were sure that "complete victory beckoned" Nonetheless they were ordered to retreat because of concern about the gap between their right flank and the
448:
Hence at the beginning of 1918 they outnumbered their opponents in the west and they were determined to attack for victory. Kuhl's proposal for an attack on the vital
British railroads in Flanders was accepted, but while waiting for the ground to dry there, in March 1918 they smashed through the
33:
518:
The German offensive of spring 1918 had to battle with severe challenges... The mobility of the army was limited. Front-line units were gradually exhausted, while the enemy's combat power grew substantially through the arrival of the
Americans and through the new means of combat – the tank.
382:
a notable man, of most energetic character and wide views. Mentally and physically he was imperturbable, and, in addition to an extremely cultivated mind, he possessed a personal bravery on the battlefield which from time to time evoked a caution from the Army
Commander.
539:(English: Order of Merit in the Sciences and Arts) in 1924, Germany's highest civilian decoration. Hermann von Kuhl spent his last few years living with his nephew in Frankfurt am Main. He died there on 4 November 1958 at the age of 102.
490:
In retirement, von Kuhl published books and numerous essays, articles and reviews about leadership problems on the
Western Front during the war. He discussed the Schlieffen Plan in 1920, in an article written for general readers entitled
465:
in the south. As
Rupprecht wrote in his diary "no doubt we have passed the high point of this year's achievements". They all realized that they lacked the resources for continuing their attacks, so they went on the defensive.
429:) with Kuhl as chief of staff. Rupprecht was one of four senior members of German royal families who were appointed army group commanders; he was regarded as difficult: according to Chief of the General Staff
300:, he retired in 1919 to write a number of critically acclaimed essays on the war. Hermann von Kuhl is one of only three recipients to be distinguished with both the "military class" and "peace class" of the
457:
lines, but were stopped short of their strategic goal. To drain allied reserves from
Flanders, the Germans shifted direction to hit the French in the south, once again shredding through their
404:
Twelfth Army, which was shifted to the
Eastern Front. Next starting on 24 November 1915 he served in the same capacity in the Sixth Army on the Western Front, which was commanded by General
387:
By adroit staff planning they squeezed their 320,000 men through a 10 km (6.2 mi) strip of land between Liege and the Dutch border. Pivoting down into France they swept back the
503:(1922). He was a member of the commission to oversee the publication of the official German history of the war. A string of notable works was capped in 1929 when he published
1399:
495:
This sparked a debate concerning German strategy that continued throughout the 1920s and early 1930s, and again in the 1950s. Perhaps his most popular book in its day was
474:
and the final collapse of the German Army. Rupprecht resigned his post on 11 November 1918. For the march back to Germany, the Army Group was designated "A" (German:
1404:
1409:
527:
that blamed the German defeat without an honorable peace on Marxists and Republicans at home. Military historian Hans Meier-Welcker summed up von Kuhl this way
396:
German Second Army — abandoning the Schlieffen Plan. Kuhl always maintained that the retreat was a disastrous, unnecessary failure of nerve. He was promoted to
953:
Die Kriegslage im Herbst 1918. Warum konnten wir weiterkämpfen? ... Eine Entgegnung auf die Schrift von Adolf Köster; Konnten wir im Herbst 1918 weiterkämpfen?
258:
1424:
445:
had taken command. In 1917 the Germans again fought bitter defensive battles in the west, while in the east they drove the Russians out of the war.
358:
persuaded the Kaiser's War Cabinet to appoint him to command the 25th Infantry Brigade MĂĽnster. A day later, on 4 June 1912 Kuhl was promoted to
816:
1389:
511:
704:
340:
he was seconded to the Staff for six months before becoming a company commander in Grenadier Regiment Nr. 3 in Königsberg East Prussia.
1394:
531:
For a deep historical understanding of the world war, even if not free of temporal apology, he performed a significant contribution.
1429:
1364:
1082:
510:
In the 1920s von Kuhl was appointed to the Historical Commission of the Reich Archives and gave evidence to the Weimar Republic's
1379:
583:
1103:
1384:
1374:
1369:
760:
721:
1211:
1170:
366:
he was knighted and thereby became von Kuhl. On 1 January 1914 he returned to the General Staff as an Oberquartiermeister.
1414:
405:
1326:
911:
660:
149:
378:
First Army which was the crucial right flank of the swinging door in the Schlieffen Plan. Kluck regarded him as
355:
324:
On 1 October 1878 he joined the 5th Westphalian Infantry Regiment No. 53 – Köln as a cadet. He was promoted to
224:
546:
called him "the last of the officers of the old imperial army who had already held a senior command in 1914".
1419:
577:
565:
434:
248:
1166:
507:, two extensive volumes covering the entire war, which firmly established his reputation as a historian.
297:
363:
1434:
1249:
462:
458:
392:
333:
288:
214:
197:
167:
1273:
1225:
454:
172:
162:
1052:
1157:
470:
219:
208:
837:
558:, 28 August 1916 (one of the few recipients of both the "military class" and the "civil class")
354:
Further promotion depended on further command experience, so the new Chief of the General Staff
1038:
Enduring the Great War: Combat, Morale and Collapse in the German and British Armies, 1914–1918
985:
694:
Ursachen des Zusammenbruchs: Entstehung, DurchfĂĽhrung und Zusammenbruch der Offensive von 1918.
571:
253:
321:. During his studies, he was a member of the University of Leipzig's singing group St. Pauli.
524:
523:
This stands in contrast to General Erich Ludendorff who spent his post-war years promoting a
482:
to oversee its orderly demobilization. Following this final military assignment, he retired.
345:
229:
1359:
1354:
430:
422:
400:
on 18 April 1915. On 22 September in that same year, he became chief of staff in General
374:
At the outbreak of World War I on 2 August 1914, von Kuhl became Chief of Staff in General
337:
283:
177:
8:
967:
831:
687:
677:
438:
409:
375:
202:
810:
514:
on the reasons for the military collapse of 1918. In his testimony, von Kuhl concluded
408:. Rupprecht's prewar career was in the Bavarian Army. For exemplary service during the
90:
52:
907:
450:
68:
1100:
555:
414:
301:
243:
145:
1121:
Koblenzer Köpfe. Personen der Stadtgeschichte – Namensgeber für Straßen und Plätze.
777:
Foley, Robert T. (2008). "Hermann von Kuhl". In Zabecki, Maj. Gen. David T. (ed.).
442:
757:
1162:
1107:
764:
654:
630:
348:
114:
718:
Movements and Supply of the German First Army During August and September, 1914
636:
543:
401:
388:
1348:
126:
102:
891:. Vol. 2. Munich: Deutscher National Verlag U. G. MĂĽnchen. p. 422.
1023:
1918 – Year of Victory: The End of the Great War and the Shaping of History
648:
618:
1090:(in German). Orden Pour le MĂ©rite fĂĽr Wissenschaft und KĂĽnste. p. 85.
674:
Der deutsche Generalstab in Vorbereitung und DurchfĂĽhrung des Weltkrieges.
969:
Der deutsche Generalstab in Vorbereitung und DurchfĂĽhrung des Weltkrieges
293:
192:
746:
The History of the Prussian Pour le Mérite Order, Volume III (1888–1918)
606:
497:
The German General Staff in the Preparation and Conduct of the World War
1139:
Hans Meier-Welcker: "General der Infanterie v. Kuhl 96 Jahre alt". In:
803:
Bonapartes erster Feldzug 1796, der Ausgangspunkt moderner KriegfĂĽhrung
362:. A year later during the 25th anniversary celebration of the reign of
1192:
624:
612:
32:
720:(Fort Leavenworth: Command and General Staff School Press, 1929).
1153:
904:
German war planning, 1891-1914 : Sources and Interpretations
590:
279:
72:
48:
642:
336:
where he studied from 1889 to 1892. Winning appointment to the
1123:
2. Auflage. Verlag für Anzeigenblätter, Mülheim-Kärlich 2005.
886:
574:, Knight 2nd Class with Oak Leaves and Swords, 12 January 1918
1071:, Speeches & Memorial Words Vol. III, 1958/59, pp. 85–97.
332:
in 1889 when he competed in the entrance examination for the
499:(1920), republished several times. He also wrote an essay
711:
Der Weltkrieg 1914–1918. Dem deutschen Volke dargestellt.
421:
At the end of August 1916 Rupprecht was given command of
781:. Annapolis MD: Naval Institute Press. pp. 147–161.
940:. Berlin: Militär-Wochenblatt. Jahrg. 105. Beiheft 4.
849:
847:
833:
The march on Paris and the battle of the Marne,1914
561:Oak leaves to the Pour le MĂ©rite, 20 December 1916
844:
1400:Recipients of the Pour le MĂ©rite (military class)
1346:
699:"Unity of Command Among the Central Powers" in:
580:, 1st class with Swords (Prussia, 22 March 1918)
535:For his postwar work, von Kuhl was awarded the
1410:Commanders of the Military Order of Max Joseph
1405:Recipients of the Pour le MĂ©rite (civil class)
296:. One of the most competent commanders in the
767:at pourlemerite.org, Retrieved 28 April 2012.
437:, on 13 December 1916. By then Field Marshal
1110:at pourlemerite.org, Retrieved 28 April 2012
938:Französisch-englische Kritik des Weltkrieges
740:
738:
586:for his historical studies (5 December 1924)
537:Pour le MĂ©rite fĂĽr Wissenschaften und KĂĽnste
501:The World War in the Judgment of our Enemies
1425:Military personnel from the Rhine Province
1163:Newspaper clippings about Hermann von Kuhl
990:Pour le MĂ©rite fĂĽr Wissenschaft und KĂĽnste
815:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
391:. Shortly thereafter they had reached the
278:(2 November 1856 – 4 November 1958) was a
31:
1050:
1008:The Causes of the German Collapse in 1918
751:
735:
304:, Prussia's and Germany's highest honor.
1154:Literature by and about Hermann von Kuhl
1040:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
906:. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. p. 2.
800:
713:2 Bände. Tradition W. Kolk, Berlin 1929.
1069:Orden Pour le mérite f. Wiss. u. Künste
981:
979:
887:Kronprinz Rupprecht von Bayern (1919).
862:
1347:
1113:
1080:
1035:
1010:. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
1254:22 September 1915 – 23 November 1915
1020:
901:
829:
776:
1304:24 November 1915 – 11 November 1918
1005:
976:
965:
950:
935:
667:
584:Pour le MĂ©rite for Sciences and Arts
1390:German Army generals of World War I
1333:12 November 1918 – 11 January 1919
1143:Band 2, 1952, Heft 11, p. 550.
13:
1278:24 November 1915 – 27 August 1916
1230:2 August 1914 – 21 September 1914
485:
14:
1446:
1395:Generals of Infantry (Reichswehr)
1147:
600:
542:In an obituary, German historian
427:Heeresgruppe "Kronprinz Rupprecht
423:Army Group Crown Prince Rupprecht
406:Crown Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria
307:
259:Pour le MĂ©rite f. Wiss. u. KĂĽnste
1191:Commander, 25. Infantry Brigade
1084:Gedenkworte fĂĽr Hermann von Kuhl
493:Why did the Marne Campaign Fail?
282:military officer, member of the
178:Army Group "Kronprinz Rupprecht"
144:
107:
95:
83:
1430:German male non-fiction writers
1365:Military personnel from Koblenz
1141:Wehrwissenschaftlche Rundschau.
1094:
1074:
1061:
1044:
1036:Watson, Alexander (2008). "6".
1029:
1014:
999:
959:
944:
929:
920:
895:
880:
1380:Generals of Infantry (Prussia)
871:
856:
823:
794:
785:
770:
369:
225:Battle of the Menin Road Ridge
1:
1133:
836:. London: E. Arnold. p.
830:Kluck, Alexander von (1920).
758:History of the Pour le MĂ©rite
728:
244:Pour le MĂ©rite with Oakleaves
1385:German people of World War I
1375:20th-century Prussian people
1370:19th-century Prussian people
1197:3 June 1913 – 2 August 1914
1006:Lutz, Ralph Haswell (1934).
716:with General von Bergmann,
566:Military Order of Max Joseph
449:southern British front near
435:Military Order of Max Joseph
346:Alfred Graf von Schlieffen's
249:Military Order of Max Joseph
7:
1167:20th Century Press Archives
1057:. Neue Deutsche Biographie.
568:(Bavaria, 13 December 1916)
389:British Expeditionary Force
10:
1451:
1415:German military historians
996:, Retrieved 28 April 2012.
966:Kuhl, Hermann von (1920).
951:Kuhl, Hermann von (1922).
936:Kuhl, Hermann von (1921).
863:Hermann, von Kuhl (1921).
801:von Kuhl, Hermann (1902).
469:After their defeat at the
313:his D.Phil. from TĂĽbingen
269:Author, Military historian
198:Battle of the Marne (1914)
1335:
1324:
1314:
1306:
1294:
1288:
1280:
1270:
1264:
1256:
1246:
1240:
1232:
1222:
1207:
1199:
1189:
1183:
1178:
748:Matthäus Publishers, 1986
549:
334:Prussian Military Academy
265:
239:
188:
155:
140:
132:
120:
78:
58:
42:
30:
23:
1106:30 December 2007 at the
1081:Ritter, Gerhard (1958).
972:. Berlin: E. S. Mittler.
955:. Berlin: E. S. Mittler.
867:. Berlin: E. S. Mittler.
1158:German National Library
1025:. Auckland: Moonrising.
902:Zuber, Terence (2004).
525:stab-in-the-back legend
512:Parliamentary inquiries
220:Battle of Pilckem Ridge
209:Battle of Passchendaele
1327:General der Infanterie
1317:Formed from Army Group
1217:VIII. Armee-Inspektion
1212:VIII Army Inspectorate
1156:in the Catalog of the
684:Der Marnefeldzug 1914.
661:General der Infanterie
589:Naming of a street in
572:Order of the Red Eagle
533:
521:
480:General der Infanterie
455:British and Portuguese
385:
319:De Saliorum Carminibus
317:with the dissertation
276:Hermann Josef von Kuhl
254:Order of the Red Eagle
150:General der Infanterie
1051:Meier-Welcker, Hans.
865:Der Marnefeldzug 1914
763:7 August 2011 at the
744:William E. Hamelman:
707:at foreignaffairs.com
696:Hobbing, Berlin 1923.
686:Mittler, Berlin 1921
676:Mittler, Berlin 1920
529:
516:
380:
376:Alexander von Kluck's
230:Battle of Broodseinde
133:Years of service
926:Foley, 2008, p. 159.
877:Foley, 2008, p. 156.
853:Foley, 2008, p. 155.
791:Foley, 2008, p. 152.
478:) and Kuhl was made
431:Erich von Falkenhayn
284:German General Staff
1420:German centenarians
1320:Kronprinz Rupprecht
1300:Kronprinz Rupprecht
1021:Ekins, ed. (2010).
505:Weltkrieg 1914–1918
439:Paul von Hindenburg
418:on 28 August 1916.
410:Battle of the Somme
203:Battle of the Somme
16:German army general
889:Mein Kriegstagbuch
633:—13 September 1899
627:—14 September 1892
578:Order of the Crown
412:Kuhl received the
356:Helmuth von Moltke
215:Battle of Messines
53:Kingdom of Prussia
1343:
1342:
1336:Succeeded by
1307:Succeeded by
1281:Succeeded by
1257:Succeeded by
1233:Succeeded by
1200:Succeeded by
1179:Military offices
1119:Wolfgang SchĂĽtz:
992:Official website
668:Works by von Kuhl
663:—18 November 1918
621:—16 February 1889
564:Commander of the
364:Kaiser Wilhelm II
273:
272:
69:Frankfurt am Main
1442:
1435:Men centenarians
1315:Preceded by
1289:Preceded by
1272:Chief of Staff,
1265:Preceded by
1248:Chief of Staff,
1241:Preceded by
1224:Chief of Staff,
1208:Preceded by
1184:Preceded by
1176:
1175:
1127:
1126:
1117:
1111:
1101:Oakleaves awards
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1078:
1072:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1003:
997:
995:
986:Hermann von Kuhl
983:
974:
973:
963:
957:
956:
948:
942:
941:
933:
927:
924:
918:
917:
899:
893:
892:
884:
878:
875:
869:
868:
860:
854:
851:
842:
841:
827:
821:
820:
814:
806:
798:
792:
789:
783:
782:
774:
768:
755:
749:
742:
703:September, 1923
615:—12 January 1879
471:Battle of Amiens
443:Erich Ludendorff
402:Max von Fabeck's
148:
122:
113:
111:
110:
101:
99:
98:
89:
87:
86:
65:
35:
25:Hermann von Kuhl
21:
20:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1332:
1329:
1322:
1318:
1310:
1303:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1277:
1268:
1260:
1253:
1244:
1236:
1229:
1220:
1214:
1203:
1196:
1187:
1150:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1114:
1108:Wayback Machine
1099:
1095:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1066:
1062:
1049:
1045:
1034:
1030:
1019:
1015:
1004:
1000:
993:
984:
977:
964:
960:
949:
945:
934:
930:
925:
921:
914:
900:
896:
885:
881:
876:
872:
861:
857:
852:
845:
828:
824:
808:
807:
799:
795:
790:
786:
775:
771:
765:Wayback Machine
756:
752:
743:
736:
731:
701:Foreign Affairs
670:
655:Generalleutnant
609:—1 October 1878
603:
595:Von-Kuhl-StraĂźe
552:
488:
486:Post-war period
459:opponents lines
398:Generalleutnant
372:
315:magna cum laude
310:
289:Generalleutnant
266:Other work
257:
252:
247:
159:Chief of Staff
115:Weimar Republic
108:
106:
105:
96:
94:
93:
84:
82:
67:
66:(aged 102)
63:
62:4 November 1958
47:
46:2 November 1856
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1448:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1323:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1296:Chief of Staff
1293:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1221:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1160:
1149:
1148:External links
1146:
1145:
1144:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1112:
1093:
1073:
1060:
1043:
1028:
1013:
998:
975:
958:
943:
928:
919:
912:
894:
879:
870:
855:
843:
822:
793:
784:
779:Chief of Staff
769:
750:
733:
732:
730:
727:
726:
725:
714:
708:
697:
691:
681:
669:
666:
665:
664:
658:
657:—18 April 1915
652:
646:
645:—24 March 1909
640:
639:—10 April 1906
637:Oberstleutnant
634:
628:
622:
616:
610:
602:
601:Dates of ranks
599:
598:
597:
587:
581:
575:
569:
562:
559:
556:Pour le MĂ©rite
551:
548:
544:Gerhard Ritter
487:
484:
476:Heeresgruppe A
415:Pour le MĂ©rite
371:
368:
344:Feldmarschall
309:
308:Pre-war period
306:
302:Pour le MĂ©rite
271:
270:
267:
263:
262:
241:
237:
236:
235:
234:
233:
232:
227:
222:
217:
206:
200:
190:
186:
185:
184:
183:
180:
175:
170:
165:
157:
153:
152:
142:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
124:
118:
117:
80:
76:
75:
60:
56:
55:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1447:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1331:
1330:Army Group A
1328:
1321:
1313:
1302:
1301:
1287:
1276:
1275:
1263:
1252:
1251:
1239:
1228:
1227:
1218:
1213:
1206:
1195:
1194:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1122:
1116:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1097:
1086:
1085:
1077:
1070:
1064:
1056:
1055:
1047:
1039:
1032:
1024:
1017:
1009:
1002:
991:
987:
982:
980:
971:
970:
962:
954:
947:
939:
932:
923:
915:
913:1-84383-108-2
909:
905:
898:
890:
883:
874:
866:
859:
850:
848:
839:
835:
834:
826:
818:
812:
804:
797:
788:
780:
773:
766:
762:
759:
754:
747:
741:
739:
734:
723:
719:
715:
712:
709:
706:
702:
698:
695:
692:
689:
685:
682:
679:
675:
672:
671:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
604:
596:
592:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
563:
560:
557:
554:
553:
547:
545:
540:
538:
532:
528:
526:
520:
515:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
483:
481:
477:
472:
467:
464:
460:
456:
452:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
419:
417:
416:
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
390:
384:
379:
377:
367:
365:
361:
357:
352:
350:
347:
341:
339:
338:General Staff
335:
331:
327:
322:
320:
316:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
290:
285:
281:
277:
268:
264:
260:
255:
250:
245:
242:
238:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
212:
210:
207:
204:
201:
199:
196:
195:
194:
191:
187:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
160:
158:
154:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
128:
127:Prussian Army
125:
119:
116:
104:
103:German Empire
92:
81:
77:
74:
70:
61:
57:
54:
50:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1325:
1319:
1299:
1295:
1271:
1247:
1223:
1216:
1210:Formed from
1190:
1140:
1120:
1115:
1096:
1083:
1076:
1068:
1063:
1053:
1046:
1037:
1031:
1022:
1016:
1007:
1001:
989:
968:
961:
952:
946:
937:
931:
922:
903:
897:
888:
882:
873:
864:
858:
832:
825:
802:
796:
787:
778:
772:
753:
745:
717:
710:
700:
693:
683:
673:
651:—4 June 1912
649:Generalmajor
619:Oberleutnant
594:
541:
536:
534:
530:
522:
517:
509:
504:
500:
496:
492:
489:
479:
475:
468:
463:German flank
447:
441:and General
426:
420:
413:
397:
386:
381:
373:
360:Generalmajor
359:
353:
342:
330:Oberleutnant
329:
328:in 1879 and
325:
323:
318:
314:
311:
287:
275:
274:
189:Battles/wars
182:Army Group A
64:(1958-11-04)
37:Kuhl in 1914
18:
1360:1958 deaths
1355:1856 births
1298:Army Group
1125:(in German)
994:(in German)
370:World War I
298:German Army
294:World War I
193:World War I
1349:Categories
1134:Literature
1067:G. Ritter
729:References
79:Allegiance
1338:Dissolved
1309:Dissolved
1250:12th Army
811:cite book
805:. Berlin.
625:Hauptmann
425:(German:
168:12th Army
136:1878–1919
1274:6th Army
1226:1st Army
1104:Archived
761:Archived
722:(Online)
705:(online)
688:(online)
678:(online)
613:Leutnant
607:Fähnrich
326:Leutnant
286:, and a
280:Prussian
173:6th Army
163:1st Army
156:Commands
121:Service/
1193:MĂĽnster
1169:of the
1165:in the
988:at the
591:Koblenz
451:Cambrai
292:during
211:(1917)
91:Prussia
73:Germany
49:Koblenz
910:
643:Oberst
550:Awards
261:(1924)
256:(1918)
251:(1916)
246:(1916)
240:Awards
205:(1916)
123:branch
112:
100:
88:
1088:(PDF)
631:Major
393:Marne
1054:Kuhl
908:ISBN
817:link
349:Plan
141:Rank
59:Died
43:Born
1171:ZBW
1351::
978:^
846:^
813:}}
809:{{
737:^
593::
71:,
51:,
1291:?
1283:?
1267:?
1259:?
1243:?
1235:?
1219:)
1215:(
1202:?
1186:?
916:.
840:.
838:6
819:)
724:.
690:.
680:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
