721:, typically manifests as elevated hearing thresholds (i.e. less sensitivity or muting). Noise exposure is the cause of approximately half of all cases of hearing loss, causing some degree of problems in 5% of the population globally. The majority of hearing loss is not due to age, but due to noise exposure. Various governmental, industry and standards organizations set noise standards. Many people are unaware of the presence of environmental sound at damaging levels, or of the level at which sound becomes harmful. Common sources of damaging noise levels include car stereos, children's toys, motor vehicles, crowds, lawn and maintenance equipment, power tools, gun use, musical instruments, and even hair dryers. Noise damage is cumulative; all sources of damage must be considered to assess risk. In the US, 12.5% of children aged 6–19 years have permanent hearing damage from excessive noise exposure. The World Health Organization estimates that half of those between 12 and 35 are at risk from using
1067:
1491:
1654:. Data from the United States in 2011–2012 found that rates of hearing loss has declined among adults aged 20 to 69 years, when compared with the results from an earlier time period (1999–2004). It also found that adult hearing loss is associated with increasing age, sex, ethnicity, educational level, and noise exposure. Nearly one in four adults had audiometric results suggesting noise-induced hearing loss. Almost one in four adults who reported excellent or good hearing had a similar pattern (5.5% on both sides and 18% on one side). Among people who reported exposure to loud noise at work, almost one third had such changes.
60:
561:
decline, cognitive impairment, and dementia. The association between age-related hearing loss and
Alzheimer's disease was found to be nonsignificant, and this finding supports the hypothesis that hearing loss is associated with dementia independent of Alzheimer pathology. There are several hypotheses about the underlying causal mechanism for age-related hearing loss and cognitive decline. One hypothesis is that this association can be explained by common etiology or shared neurobiological pathology with decline in other physiological system. Another possible cognitive mechanism emphasize on individual's
1796:
cochlear implants to hear. They discovered further evidence for rate coding of pitch, a system that codes for information for frequencies by the rate that neurons fire in the auditory system, especially for lower frequencies as they are coded by the frequencies that neurons fire from the basilar membrane in a synchronous manner. Their results showed that the subjects could identify different pitches that were proportional to the frequency stimulated by a single electrode. The lower frequencies were detected when the basilar membrane was stimulated, providing even further evidence for rate coding.
1673:
1430:
415:. The ear does not hear all frequencies equally well: hearing sensitivity peaks around 3,000 Hz. There are many qualities of human hearing besides frequency range and intensity that cannot easily be measured quantitatively. However, for many practical purposes, normal hearing is defined by a frequency versus intensity graph, or audiogram, charting sensitivity thresholds of hearing at defined frequencies. Because of the cumulative impact of age and exposure to noise and other acoustic insults, 'typical' hearing may not be normal.
350:
794:, ototoxic medication and infection as well as noise exposure in the neonatal units. Also, hearing loss in premature babies is often discovered far later than a similar hearing loss would be in a full-term baby because normally babies are given a hearing test within 48 hours of birth, but doctors must wait until the premature baby is medically stable before testing hearing, which can be months after birth. The risk of hearing loss is greatest for those weighing less than 1500 g at birth.
646:, or as a side-effect of a medicine. Typically, hearing loss is gradual and often detected by family and friends of affected individuals long before the patients themselves will acknowledge the disability. Post-lingual deafness is far more common than pre-lingual deafness. Those who lose their hearing later in life, such as in late adolescence or adulthood, face their own challenges, living with the adaptations that allow them to live independently.
1336:
further field studies on resulting noise exposures following such interventions are needed. Other possible solutions include improved enforcement of existing legislation and better implementation of well-designed prevention programmes, which have not yet been proven conclusively to be effective. The conclusion of the
Cochrane Review was that further research could modify what is now regarding the effectiveness of the evaluated interventions.
1687:. Sign languages convey meaning through manual communication and body language instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns. This involves the simultaneous combination of hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to express a speaker's thoughts. "Sign languages are based on the idea that vision is the most useful tool a deaf person has to communicate and receive information".
1008:
565:. As people developing hearing loss in the process of aging, the cognitive load demanded by auditory perception increases, which may lead to change in brain structure and eventually to dementia. One other hypothesis suggests that the association between hearing loss and cognitive decline is mediated through various psychosocial factors, such as decrease in
1129:
objective hearing test that may be administered to toddlers and children too young to cooperate in a conventional hearing test. Auditory brainstem response testing is an electrophysiological test used to test for hearing deficits caused by pathology within the ear, the cochlear nerve and also within the brainstem.
1623:
Her
Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1970) and by Passchier-Vermeer (1968). As race are some of the factors that can affect the expected distribution of pure-tone hearing thresholds several other national or regional datasets exist, from Sweden, Norway, South Korea, the United States and Spain.
1592:
Globally, hearing loss affects about 10% of the population to some degree. It caused moderate to severe disability in 124.2 million people as of 2004 (107.9 million of whom are in low and middle income countries). Of these 65 million acquired the condition during childhood. At birth ~3
1481:
For people with idiopathic sudden hearing loss, different treatment approaches have been suggested that are usually based on the suspected cause of the sudden hearing loss. Treatment approaches may include corticosteroid medications, rheological drugs, vasodilators, anesthetics, and other medications
1472:
This choice depends on the level of hearing loss, type of hearing loss, and personal preference. Hearing aid applications are one of the options for hearing loss management. For people with bilateral hearing loss, it is not clear if bilateral hearing aids (hearing aids in both ears) are better than a
410:
Human hearing extends in frequency from 20 to 20,000 Hz, and in intensity from 0 dB to 120 dB HL or more. 0 dB does not represent absence of sound, but rather the softest sound an average unimpaired human ear can hear; some people can hear down to −5 or even −10 dB. Sound is
5402:
Over 30% of childhood hearing loss is caused by diseases such as measles, mumps, rubella, meningitis and ear infections. These can be prevented through immunization and good hygiene practices. Another 17% of childhood hearing loss results from complications at birth, including prematurity, low birth
1270:
Avoiding exposure to loud noise can help prevent noise-induced hearing loss. 18% of adults exposed to loud noise at work for five years or more report hearing loss in both ears as compared to 5.5% of adults who were not exposed to loud noise at work. Different programs exist for specific populations
660:
language in children, but deaf children can acquire spoken language through support from cochlear implants (sometimes combined with hearing aids). Non-signing (hearing) parents of deaf babies (90–95% of cases) usually go with oral approach without the support of sign language, as these families lack
609:
is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In older adults, the suicide rate is higher than it is for younger adults, and more suicide cases are attributable to depression. Different studies have been done to investigate potential risk factors that can give rise to depression
1979:
Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, Carter A, Casey DC, Charlson FJ, Chen AZ, Coggeshall M, Cornaby L, Dandona L, Dicker DJ, Dilegge T, Erskine HE, Ferrari AJ, Fitzmaurice C, Fleming T, Forouzanfar MH, Fullman N, Gething PW, Goldberg EM, Graetz N, Haagsma JA, Hay SI, Johnson CO,
1607:
A 2017 report by the World Health
Organization estimated the costs of unaddressed hearing loss and the cost-effectiveness of interventions, for the health-care sector, for the education sector and as broad societal costs. Globally, the annual cost of unaddressed hearing loss was estimated to be in
994:
There can be damage either to the ear, whether the external or middle ear, to the cochlea, or to the brain centers that process the aural information conveyed by the ears. Damage to the middle ear may include fracture and discontinuity of the ossicular chain. Damage to the inner ear (cochlea) may
372:
is another aspect of hearing which involves the perceived clarity of a word rather than the intensity of sound made by the word. In humans, this is usually measured with speech discrimination tests, which measure not only the ability to detect sound, but also the ability to understand speech. There
1701:
is signed, and who practice social and cultural norms which are distinct from those of the surrounding hearing community. This community does not automatically include all those who are clinically or legally deaf, nor does it exclude every hearing person. According to Baker and Padden, it includes
1410:
recommends that adults should be screened at least every decade through age 50 and at three-year intervals thereafter, to minimize the detrimental effects of the untreated condition on quality of life. For the same reason, the US Office of
Disease Prevention and Health Promotion included as one of
1372:
for all newborns, as the first three years of life are believed to be the most important for language development. Universal neonatal hearing screenings have now been widely implemented across the U.S., with rates of newborn screening increasing from less than 3% in the early 1990s to 98% in 2009.
1326:
Companies can also provide personal hearing protector devices tailored to both the worker and type of employment. Some hearing protectors universally block out all noise, and some allow for certain noises to be heard. Workers are more likely to wear hearing protector devices when they are properly
1128:
procedure. Audiograms, obtained using mobile applications, can be used to adjust hearing aid applications. Another method for quantifying hearing loss is a speech-in-noise test. which gives an indication of how well one can understand speech in a noisy environment. Otoacoustic emissions test is an
358:
Hearing loss is defined as diminished acuity to sounds which would otherwise be heard normally. The terms hearing impaired or hard of hearing are usually reserved for people who have relative inability to hear sound in the speech frequencies. Hearing loss occurs when sound waves enter the ears and
2297:
Vos T, Barber RM, Bell B, Bertozzi-Villa A, Biryukov S, Bolliger I, Charlson F, Davis A, Degenhardt L, Dicker D, Duan L, Erskine H, Feigin VL, Ferrari AJ, Fitzmaurice C, Fleming T, Graetz N, Guinovart C, Haagsma J, Hansen GM, Hanson SW, Heuton KR, Higashi H, Kassebaum N, Kyu H, Laurie E, Liang X,
1706:
with normal hearing ability. It includes the set of social beliefs, behaviors, art, literary traditions, history, values, and shared institutions of communities that are influenced by deafness and which use sign languages as the main means of communication. Members of the Deaf community tend to
1335:
was not shown to decrease exposure to noise. Ear protection, if used correctly, can reduce noise to safer levels, but often, providing them is not sufficient to prevent hearing loss. Engineering noise out and other solutions such as proper maintenance of equipment can lead to noise reduction, but
699:. For men, this can start as early as 25 and women at 30. Although genetically variable, it is a normal concomitant of ageing and is distinct from hearing losses caused by noise exposure, toxins or disease agents. Common conditions that can increase the risk of hearing loss in elderly people are
589:
between hearing loss and falls—greater severity of hearing loss is associated with increased difficulties in postural control and increased prevalence of falls. The underlying causal link between the association of hearing loss and falls is yet to be elucidated. There are several hypotheses that
560:
and eventually dementia. The association between hearing loss and cognitive decline has been studied in various research settings. Despite the variability in study design and protocols, the majority of these studies have found consistent association between age-related hearing loss and cognitive
1795:
Besides research studies seeking to improve hearing, such as the ones listed above, research studies on the deaf have also been carried out in order to understand more about audition. Pijil and Shwarz (2005) conducted their study on the deaf who lost their hearing later in life and, hence, used
1444:
Most hearing loss, that result from age and noise, is progressive and irreversible, and there are currently no approved or recommended treatments. A few specific kinds of hearing loss are amenable to surgical treatment. In other cases, treatment is addressed to underlying pathologies, but any
584:
have important health implications, especially for an aging population where they can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Elderly people are particularly vulnerable to the consequences of injuries caused by falls, since older individuals typically have greater bone fragility and poorer
555:
Hearing loss is an increasing concern especially in aging populations. The prevalence of hearing loss increases about two-fold for each decade increase in age after age 40. While the secular trend might decrease individual level risk of developing hearing loss, the prevalence of hearing loss is
332:
As of 2013 hearing loss affects about 1.1 billion people to some degree. It causes disability in about 466 million people (5% of the global population), and moderate to severe disability in 124 million people. Of those with moderate to severe disability 108 million live in low and middle income
1482:
chosen based on the suspected underlying pathology that caused the sudden hearing loss. The evidence supporting most treatment options for idiopathic sudden hearing loss is very weak and adverse effects of these different medications is a consideration when deciding on a treatment approach.
1209:
that does not have a known cause. This type of loss is usually only on one side (unilateral) and the severity of the loss varies. A common threshold of a "loss of at least 30 dB in three connected frequencies within 72 hours" is sometimes used, however there is no universal definition or
1355:
that uses the A-weighted sound exposure level, how many years the people were exposed to this noise, how old the people are, and their sex. The model's estimations are only useful for people without hearing loss due to non-job related exposure and can be used for prevention activities.
1763:
in guinea pigs. However, the regrowth of cochlear hair cells does not imply the restoration of hearing sensitivity, as the sensory cells may or may not make connections with neurons that carry the signals from hair cells to the brain. A 2008 study has shown that gene therapy targeting
669:
for the deaf baby because the deaf baby would not have a sign language if the child is unable to acquire spoken language successfully. The 5–10% of cases of deaf babies born into signing families have the potential of age-appropriate development of language due to early exposure to a
1019:
5403:
weight, birth asphyxia and neonatal jaundice. Improved maternal and child health practices would help to prevent these complications. The use of ototoxic medicines in expectant mothers and newborns, which is responsible for 4% of childhood hearing loss, could potentially be avoided.
1010:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1015:
1771:
Recent research, reported in 2012 achieved growth of cochlear nerve cells resulting in hearing improvements in gerbils, using stem cells. Also reported in 2013 was regrowth of hair cells in deaf adult mice using a drug intervention resulting in hearing improvement. The
1022:
1020:
1016:
1018:
1017:
1185:
for otosclerosis, 'noise' notch for noise-induced damage, high frequency rolloff for presbycusis, or a flat audiogram for conductive hearing loss. In conjunction with speech audiometry, it may indicate central auditory processing disorder, or the presence of a
1021:
1197:
or single-sided deafness (SSD) have difficulty in hearing conversation on their impaired side, localizing sound, and understanding speech in the presence of background noise. One reason for the hearing problems these patients often experience is due to the
381:
Use of the terms "hearing impaired", "deaf-mute", or "deaf and dumb" to describe deaf and hard of hearing people is discouraged by many in the deaf community as well as advocacy organizations, as they are offensive to many deaf and hard of hearing people.
6447:
Flamme GA, Deiters K, Needham T (March 2011). "Distributions of pure-tone hearing threshold levels among adolescents and adults in the United States by gender, ethnicity, and age: Results from the US National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey".
1012:
6154:
Chandrasekhar SS, Tsai Do BS, Schwartz SR, Bontempo LJ, Faucett EA, Finestone SA, Hollingsworth DB, Kelley DM, Kmucha ST, Moonis G, Poling GL, Roberts JK, Stachler RJ, Zeitler DM, Corrigan MD, Nnacheta LC, Satterfield L, Monjur TM (August 2019).
524:. The risk increases with the hearing loss degree. There are several hypotheses including cognitive resources being redistributed to hearing and social isolation from hearing loss having a negative effect. According to preliminary data,
622:
and hearing loss. Hearing loss can attribute to decrease in health-related quality of life, increase in social isolation and decline in social engagement, which are all risk factors for increased risk of developing depression symptoms.
585:
protective reflexes. Fall-related injury can also lead to burdens on the financial and health care systems. In literature, age-related hearing loss is found to be significantly associated with incident falls. There is also a potential
1152:
Hearing loss is categorized by severity, type, and configuration. Furthermore, a hearing loss may exist in only one ear (unilateral) or in both ears (bilateral). Hearing loss can be temporary or permanent, sudden or progressive. The
6360:
Tambs K, Hoffman HJ, Borchgrevink HM, Holmen J, Engdahl B (May 2006). "Hearing loss induced by occupational and impulse noise: results on threshold shifts by frequencies, age and gender from the Nord-Trøndelag
Hearing Loss Study".
1218:
It is estimated that half of cases of hearing loss are preventable. About 60% of hearing loss in children under the age of 15 can be avoided. There are a number of effective preventative strategies, including: immunization against
2300:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013"
1149:, Bing and Schwabach tests. In case of infection or inflammation, blood or other body fluids may be submitted for laboratory analysis. MRI and CT scans can be useful to identify the pathology of many causes of hearing loss.
366:(an instrument used to measure hearing by producing pure tone sounds through a range of frequencies) may not be detected. In total deafness, no sounds at all, regardless of amplification or method of production, can be heard.
1340:
1619:(ISO) developed the ISO 1999 standards for the estimation of hearing thresholds and noise-induced hearing impairment. They used data from two noise and hearing study databases, one presented by Burns and Robinson (
1132:
A case history (usually a written form, with questionnaire) can provide valuable information about the context of the hearing loss, and indicate what kind of diagnostic procedures to employ. Examinations include
7317:
7298:
1330:
Often interventions to prevent noise-induced hearing loss have many components. A 2017 Cochrane review found that stricter legislation might reduce noise levels. Providing workers with information on their
967:. Combined with noise, these ototoxic chemicals have an additive effect on a person's hearing loss. Hearing loss due to chemicals starts in the high frequency range and is irreversible. It damages the
362:
Deafness is defined as a degree of loss such that a person is unable to understand speech, even in the presence of amplification. In profound deafness, even the highest intensity sounds produced by an
6133:
501:, also known as autophonia, abnormal hearing of one's own voice and respiratory sounds, usually as a result of a patulous (a constantly open) eustachian tube or dehiscent superior semicircular canals
1046:. The auditory nerve takes the impulses to the brainstem, which sends the impulses to the midbrain. Finally, the signal goes to the auditory cortex of the temporal lobe to be interpreted as sound.
6969:
1982:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
665:
and cannot competently provide it to their children without learning it themselves. This may in some cases (late implantation or not sufficient benefit from cochlear implants) bring the risk of
1011:
1437:
Management depends on the specific cause if known as well as the extent, type and configuration of the hearing loss. Sudden hearing loss due to an underlying nerve problem may be treated with
1373:
Newborns whose screening reveals a high index of suspicion of hearing loss are referred for additional diagnostic testing with the goal of providing early intervention and access to language.
7419:
2556:
688:
Hearing loss has multiple causes, including ageing, genetics, perinatal problems and acquired causes like noise and disease. For some kinds of hearing loss the cause may be classified as
377:, a variety of hearing loss in which the outer hair cells of the cochlea are intact and functioning, but sound information is not faithfully transmitted by the auditory nerve to the brain.
341:. Many members of Deaf culture oppose attempts to cure deafness and some within this community view cochlear implants with concern as they have the potential to eliminate their culture.
1406:
While the
American College of Physicians indicated that there is not enough evidence to determine the utility of screening in adults over 50 years old who do not have any symptoms, the
3495:
Meyer C, Scarinci N, Ryan B, Hickson L (December 2015). "'This Is a
Partnership Between All of Us': Audiologists' Perceptions of Family Member Involvement in Hearing Rehabilitation".
1347:
in relatively homogeneous groups of people, such as workers with the same type of job. The ISO 1999 model estimates how much hearing impairment in a group can be ascribed to age and
359:
damage the sensitive tissues The severity of hearing loss is categorized according to the increase in intensity of sound above the usual level required for the listener to detect it.
5909:
1743:
1052:
Older people may lose their hearing from long exposure to noise, changes in the inner ear, changes in the middle ear, or from changes along the nerves from the ear to the brain.
282:), moderate (41 to 55 dB), moderate-severe (56 to 70 dB), severe (71 to 90 dB), or profound (greater than 90 dB). There are three main types of hearing loss:
219:. Hearing loss may be present at birth or acquired at any time afterwards. Hearing loss may occur in one or both ears. In children, hearing problems can affect the ability to
573:. Findings on the association between hearing loss and dementia have significant public health implication, since about 9% of dementia cases are associated with hearing loss.
1279:
is being studied for the prevention of noise-induced hearing loss, particularly for scenarios in which noise exposure cannot be reduced, such as during military operations.
1734:
There also multiple educational institutions for both deaf and Deaf people, that usually use sign language as the main language of instruction. Famous institutions include
6491:
Rodríguez
Valiente A, Roldán Fidalgo A, García Berrocal JR, Ramírez Camacho R (August 2015). "Hearing threshold levels for an otologically screened population in Spain".
1112:
Hearing loss is generally measured by playing generated or recorded sounds, and determining whether the person can hear them. Hearing sensitivity varies according to the
1049:
Hearing loss is most commonly caused by long-term exposure to loud noises, from recreation or from work, that damage the hair cells, which do not grow back on their own.
1702:
any person or persons who "identifies him/herself as a member of the Deaf community, and other members accept that person as a part of the community," an example being
594:
and increase in incident falls, driven by physiological, cognitive, and behavioral factors. This evidence suggests that treating hearing loss has potential to increase
7447:
7423:
4582:
2590:
4617:
Venet T, Campo P, Thomas A, Cour C, Rieger B, Cosnier F (March 2015). "The tonotopicity of styrene-induced hearing loss depends on the associated noise spectrum".
2661:
6947:
3795:
Akinpelu OV, Mujica-Mota M, Daniel SJ (March 2014). "Is type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with alterations in hearing? A systematic review and meta-analysis".
6977:
5712:
2371:
1768:
can cause hair cell growth and attract neuronal processes in embryonic mice. Some hope that a similar treatment will one day ameliorate hearing loss in humans.
7821:
6125:
3948:
1292:
988:
7117:
Isgrig K, Shteamer JW, Belyantseva IA, Drummond MC, Fitzgerald TS, Vijayakumar S, Jones SM, Griffith AJ, Friedman TB, Cunningham LL, Chien WW (March 2017).
2272:
1604:
Hearing loss increases with age. In those between 20 and 35 rates of hearing loss are 3% while in those 44 to 55 it is 11% and in those 65 to 85 it is 43%.
1407:
7016:
5386:
5354:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities
4662:"Use of the kurtosis statistic in an evaluation of the effects of noise and solvent exposures on the hearing thresholds of workers: An exploratory study"
1157:
of a hearing loss is ranked according to ranges of nominal thresholds in which a sound must be so it can be detected by an individual. It is measured in
991:(NIOSH) introduces the issue, provides examples of ototoxic chemicals, lists the industries and occupations at risk and provides prevention information.
7215:
Pan B, Askew C, Galvin A, Heman-Ackah S, Asai Y, Indzhykulian AA, Jodelka FM, Hastings ML, Lentz JJ, Vandenberghe LH, Holt JR, Géléoc GS (March 2017).
3413:
Huang CQ, Dong BR, Lu ZC, Yue JR, Liu QX (April 2010). "Chronic diseases and risk for depression in old age: a meta-analysis of published literature".
6404:
Jun HJ, Hwang SY, Lee SH, Lee JE, Song JJ, Chae S (March 2015). "The prevalence of hearing loss in South Korea: data from a population-based study".
3321:
Agmon M, Lavie L, Doumas M (June 2017). "The Association between Hearing Loss, Postural Control, and Mobility in Older Adults: A Systematic Review".
1776:
in the US has embarked on a project called the Hearing Restoration Project. Also Action on Hearing Loss in the UK is also aiming to restore hearing.
1344:
17:
4084:
2744:
2489:
1105:, or other audiometric technician. Diagnosis of the cause of a hearing loss is carried out by a specialist physician (audiovestibular physician) or
2544:
1628:
1124:
using a mobile application or hearing aid application, which includes a hearing test. Hearing diagnosis using mobile application is similar to the
5261:
Plontke SK, Meisner C, Agrawal S, Cayé-Thomasen P, Galbraith K, Mikulec AA, Parnes L, Premakumar Y, Reiber J, Schilder AG, Liebau A (2022-07-22).
3926:
3133:"Hearing, Cognition, and Healthy Aging: Social and Public Health Implications of the Links between Age-Related Declines in Hearing and Cognition"
1319:
program was created to encourage employers to purchase quieter machinery and tools. By purchasing less noisy power tools like those found on the
711:), or the use of certain medications harmful to the ear. While everyone loses hearing with age, the amount and type of hearing loss is variable.
7433:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
5829:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
5682:
4556:
1616:
6711:
5512:
Berger EH, Voix J (2018). "Chapter 11: Hearing Protection Devices". In D.K. Meinke, E.H. Berger, R. Neitzel, D.P. Driscoll, K. Bright (eds.).
7474:
3944:
3940:
1296:
984:
309:
to an hour a day in an effort to limit exposure to noise. Early identification and support are particularly important in children. For many,
3030:"Association of Age-Related Hearing Loss With Cognitive Function, Cognitive Impairment, and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"
1365:
1315:
was created to recognize organizations that can demonstrate results of successful noise control and other interventions. Additionally, the
5513:
4056:
5974:"Early hearing detection and intervention among infants – hearing screening and follow-up survey, United States, 2005–2006 and 2009–2010"
4529:
2467:
6096:
5335:
3845:
2037:
556:
expected to rise due to the aging population in the US. Another concern about aging process is cognitive decline, which may progress to
7814:
6640:
7166:
Landegger LD, Pan B, Askew C, Wassmer SJ, Gluck SD, Galvin A, Taylor R, Forge A, Stankovic KM, Holt JR, Vandenberghe LH (March 2017).
2523:
1739:
656:
condition or through hearing loss before birth or in early infancy. Prelingual deafness impairs an individual's ability to acquire a
5772:
4037:
725:
that are too loud. Hearing loss in adolescents may be caused by loud noise from toys, music by headphones, and concerts or events.
912:(NSAIDs) both over-the-counter (aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen) as well as prescription (celecoxib, diclofenac, etc.), paracetamol,
674:
by sign-competent parents, thus they have the potential to meet language milestones, in sign language in lieu of spoken language.
8015:
2982:
Park HL, O'Connell JE, Thomson RG (December 2003). "A systematic review of cognitive decline in the general elderly population".
1913:
278:
in at least one ear. Testing for poor hearing is recommended for all newborns. Hearing loss can be categorized as mild (25 to 40
479:, heightened sensitivity with accompanying auditory pain to certain intensities and frequencies of sound, sometimes defined as "
333:
countries. Of those with hearing loss, it began during childhood for 65 million. Those who use sign language and are members of
254:, birth complications, trauma to the ear, and certain medications or toxins. A common condition that results in hearing loss is
1663:
838:
6851:
6223:"Behavioral Evaluation of 3 Smartphone-Based Hearing Aid Apps for Patients with Mild Hearing Loss: An Exploratory Pilot Study"
6075:
4975:
7807:
6778:
6751:
6691:
6287:
5329:
4311:
3952:
1639:
3632:"What You Don't Know Can Hurt You: The Risk of Language Deprivation by Impairing Sign Language Development in Deaf Children"
2578:
227:, and in adults it can create difficulties with social interaction and at work. Hearing loss can be temporary or permanent.
7741:
7416:
5022:"CDC – Noise and Hearing Loss Prevention – Preventing Hearing Loss, Risk Factors – NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic"
4593:
2693:, Lalwani, Anil K. (Ed.) Chapter 44: Audiologic Testing by Brady M. Klaves, PhD, Jennifer McKee Bold, AuD, Access Medicine
1369:
1303:
demonstrates the different levels of controls to reduce or eliminate exposure to noise and prevent hearing loss, including
975:. For some ototoxic chemical exposures, particularly styrene, the risk of hearing loss can be higher than being exposed to
909:
744:. Syndromic deafness occurs when there are other signs or medical problems aside from deafness in an individual, such as
610:
in later life. Some chronic diseases are found to be significantly associated with risk of developing depression, such as
806:
5802:
5164:
2669:
999:. People who sustain head injury are especially vulnerable to hearing loss or tinnitus, either temporary or permanent.
7564:
7442:
7046:
6923:
1116:
of sounds. To take this into account, hearing sensitivity can be measured for a range of frequencies and plotted on an
5704:
2352:
7467:
5842:
2461:
2365:
939:
In addition to medications, hearing loss can also result from specific chemicals in the environment: metals, such as
6333:
Johansson M, Arlinger S (2004-07-07). "Reference data for evaluation of occupationally noise-induced hearing loss".
5652:
3976:
1177:
which is not a hearing loss as such but a difficulty perceiving sound. The shape of an audiogram shows the relative
8010:
6583:
Carroll YI, Eichwald J, Scinicariello F, Hoffman HJ, Deitchman S, Radke MS, Themann CL, Breysse P (February 2017).
5007:
2262:"1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise"
2261:
1311:(PPE). Other programs and initiative have been created to prevent hearing loss in the workplace. For example, the
1205:
Idiopathic sudden hearing loss is a condition where a person as an immediate decrease in the sensitivity of their
7676:
6995:
6794:
771:
5907:
5923:
5375:
1377:
1272:
1271:
such as school-age children, adolescents and workers. But the HPD (without individual selection, training and
586:
7020:
329:
is another useful skill some develop. Access to hearing aids, however, is limited in many areas of the world.
7402:
7397:
5021:
3712:
Robinson DW, Sutton GJ (1979). "Age effect in hearing – a comparative analysis of published threshold data".
2058:
1935:
1494:
1308:
778:
mothers, from the ototoxic effect on the developing fetus plus malnutrition during pregnancy from the excess
391:
4526:"Tox Town – Toluene – Toxic chemicals and environmental health risks where you live and work – Text Version"
8020:
7621:
7460:
4661:
3273:
Jiam NT, Li C, Agrawal Y (November 2016). "Hearing loss and falls: A systematic review and meta-analysis".
2612:
1174:
595:
6196:
6040:"Screening for Hearing Loss in Older Adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement"
293:
About half of hearing loss globally is preventable through public health measures. Such practices include
7886:
7784:
5972:
Gaffney M, Eichwald J, Gaffney C, Alam S, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2014-09-12).
4748:"Autoincudotomy as an uncommon etiology of conductive hearing loss: Case report and review of literature"
2736:
2481:
1400:
1300:
1224:
536:
5742:
5601:
Stucken EZ, Hong RS (October 2014). "Noise-induced hearing loss: an occupational medicine perspective".
5467:
Davis A, McMahon CM, Pichora-Fuller KM, Russ S, Lin F, Olusanya BO, Chadha S, Tremblay KL (April 2016).
1490:
768:
occurs when there are no other signs or medical problems associated with the deafness in an individual.
652:
is profound hearing loss that is sustained before the acquisition of language, which can occur due to a
7571:
6681:
5441:
3919:
1424:
1320:
1206:
1170:
714:
441:
287:
247:
138:
116:
3780:
Worrall L, Hickson LM (2003). "Communication activity limitations". In Worrall LE, Hickson LM (eds.).
2765:
ANSI 7029:2000/BS 6951 Acoustics – Statistical distribution of hearing thresholds as a function of age
7736:
4560:
1773:
1760:
1244:
1061:
846:
834:
741:
606:
557:
302:
7438:
7068:
Askew C, Rochat C, Pan B, Asai Y, Ahmed H, Child E, Schneider BL, Aebischer P, Holt JR (July 2015).
6322:. Delft, Netherlands: TNO, Instituut voor gezondheidstechniek. pp. Report 35 Identifier 473589.
5948:
5674:
4190:
Rodman R, Pine HS (June 2012). "The otolaryngologist's approach to the patient with Down syndrome".
7891:
7411:
7332:
7217:"Gene therapy restores auditory and vestibular function in a mouse model of Usher syndrome type 1c"
6715:
3183:
2786:"Hearing Loss is Associated With Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: A Case-Control Study in Older People"
1323:
and limiting exposure to ototoxic chemicals, great strides can be made in preventing hearing loss.
761:
708:
3681:"When timing is everything: Age of first-language acquisition effects on second-language learning"
1849:
1783:
gene therapy recovered some of their hearing. In 2017, additional studies were performed to treat
7908:
7554:
5799:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
5769:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
5709:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
5649:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
5518:(6th ed.). Falls Church, Virginia: American Industrial Hygiene Association. pp. 255–308
1380:
advises that children should have their hearing tested several times throughout their schooling:
1194:
1166:
900:
Some medications may reversibly or irreversibly affect hearing. These medications are considered
283:
112:
93:
4067:
2083:
1677:
1412:
722:
683:
611:
517:
480:
401:
255:
7372:
6490:
6280:
Global costs of unaddressed hearing loss and cost-effectiveness of interventions: a WHO report
4525:
4301:
2451:
8000:
7915:
7769:
7588:
6104:
5319:
3838:
2029:
1609:
1469:, a Hearing Impaired (HI) audio track may be available via headphones to better hear dialog.
1106:
980:
917:
866:
842:
765:
631:
581:
448:
373:
are very rare types of hearing loss that affect speech discrimination alone. One example is
322:
306:
7168:"A synthetic AAV vector enables safe and efficient gene transfer to the mammalian inner ear"
6867:"Functional auditory hair cells produced in the mammalian cochlea by in utero gene transfer"
6768:
6632:
6055:
5043:
4722:
2511:
2114:
Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D (March 2014). "Hearing loss: diagnosis and management".
504:
disturbances of facial movement (indicating a possible tumour or stroke) or in persons with
7751:
7671:
7626:
6878:
4676:
4626:
4583:"Occupational exposure to chemicals and hearing impairment – the need for a noise notation"
4418:
1735:
1598:
1458:
1332:
1304:
757:
753:
666:
635:
220:
3381:
8:
7903:
7383:
7321:
7119:"Gene Therapy Restores Balance and Auditory Functions in a Mouse Model of Usher Syndrome"
5764:
3538:
Niparko JK, Tobey EA, Thal DJ, Eisenberg LS, Wang NY, Quittner AL, Fink NE (April 2010).
2586:
1703:
1594:
1312:
1299:(OSHA) work together to provide standards and enforcement on workplace noise levels. The
1288:
798:
791:
700:
649:
615:
529:
374:
72:
30:
This article is about the medical aspects of hearing loss. For the cultural aspects, see
6882:
5420:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
4680:
4630:
4034:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
4030:
3456:
Arlinger S (July 2003). "Negative consequences of uncorrected hearing loss – a review".
1956:. In Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A (eds.).
1042:), and their movement generates nerve impulses which are then taken to the brain by the
489:, ringing, buzzing, hissing or other sounds in the ear when no external sound is present
235:
loss. In some people, particularly older people, hearing loss can result in loneliness.
8005:
7972:
7925:
7799:
7241:
7216:
7192:
7167:
7143:
7118:
7094:
7069:
6970:"Drug may reverse permanent deafness by regenerating cells of inner ear: Harvard study"
6939:
6899:
6866:
6609:
6584:
6560:
6535:
6516:
6473:
6429:
6386:
6255:
6222:
6067:
5885:
5860:
5626:
5571:
5489:
5468:
5295:
5262:
5195:
5140:
5115:
5086:
5061:
4932:
4884:
4859:
4840:
4780:
4747:
4699:
4458:
4433:
4394:
4369:
4282:
4135:
3896:
3871:
3820:
3656:
3631:
3612:
3564:
3539:
3520:
3477:
3438:
3390:
3365:
3346:
3298:
3211:
3159:
3132:
3108:
3081:
3054:
3029:
3007:
2959:
2932:
2908:
2883:
2859:
2834:
2810:
2785:
2635:
2414:
2389:
2324:
2299:
2235:
2214:
2190:
2157:
2006:
1981:
1787:
and here, a recombinant adeno-associated virus seemed to outperform the older vectors.
1672:
1632:
1454:
1352:
1199:
1034:, causing it to vibrate. The vibrations are transferred by the 3 tiny ear bones of the
960:
814:
810:
431:
232:
83:
7429:
5908:
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance.
2721:
2704:
2315:
1997:
1723:
and referred to as "big D Deaf" in speech and sign. When used as a label for the
1415:
objectives: to increase the proportion of persons who have had a hearing examination.
8025:
7779:
7692:
7581:
7488:
7343:
7246:
7197:
7148:
7099:
6904:
6774:
6747:
6687:
6614:
6565:
6520:
6508:
6465:
6421:
6378:
6342:
6283:
6260:
6242:
6178:
6059:
5993:
5985:
5890:
5618:
5576:
5558:
5494:
5325:
5300:
5282:
5236:
5215:"Speech-language and educational consequences of unilateral hearing loss in children"
5187:
5165:"Efficient hearing screening in noise-exposed listeners using the digit triplet test"
5145:
5091:
4924:
4889:
4844:
4832:
4824:
4785:
4767:
4704:
4642:
4504:
4463:
4399:
4350:
4307:
4274:
4269:
4252:
4207:
4172:
4127:
4013:
4008:
3991:
3901:
3812:
3729:
3661:
3604:
3569:
3512:
3469:
3430:
3395:
3338:
3290:
3255:
3203:
3164:
3113:
3059:
2999:
2964:
2913:
2864:
2815:
2639:
2631:
2457:
2419:
2361:
2329:
2240:
2195:
2177:
2158:"Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults"
2131:
2011:
1961:
1929:
1825:
1462:
1343:
has created a hearing impairment calculator based on the ISO 1999 model for studying
1264:
830:
787:
749:
619:
437:
412:
369:
318:
192:
188:
150:
120:
67:
7326:
6943:
6843:
6818:
6433:
6390:
6071:
5630:
5415:
5349:
5199:
4979:
4345:
4328:
4286:
4139:
3824:
3616:
3524:
3481:
3442:
3302:
3215:
3199:
3011:
1341:
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance
1173:, and mixed hearing loss. An additional problem which is increasingly recognised is
695:
There is a progressive loss of ability to hear high frequencies with aging known as
59:
7930:
7774:
7728:
7609:
7452:
7412:
National Institute for the Prevention of Deafness and other Communication Disorders
7236:
7228:
7187:
7179:
7138:
7130:
7089:
7081:
6931:
6894:
6886:
6604:
6596:
6555:
6547:
6500:
6477:
6457:
6413:
6370:
6250:
6234:
6168:
6051:
6039:
6020:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5832:
5610:
5566:
5550:
5536:
5484:
5476:
5290:
5278:
5274:
5226:
5179:
5135:
5127:
5081:
5073:
4950:
4936:
4916:
4879:
4871:
4816:
4775:
4759:
4694:
4684:
4634:
4494:
4453:
4445:
4389:
4381:
4340:
4264:
4199:
4162:
4119:
4003:
3891:
3883:
3804:
3760:
3721:
3692:
3651:
3643:
3596:
3559:
3551:
3504:
3461:
3422:
3385:
3377:
3350:
3330:
3282:
3245:
3195:
3154:
3144:
3103:
3093:
3049:
3041:
2991:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2903:
2895:
2854:
2846:
2805:
2797:
2716:
2662:"What causes vision loss and hearing loss? Is it because of loud music or yelling?"
2627:
2409:
2401:
2319:
2311:
2230:
2222:
2185:
2173:
2169:
2123:
2001:
1993:
1698:
1450:
1094:
854:
570:
98:
6504:
4993:
1916:. World Health Organization. March 2015. Archived from the original on 16 May 2015
786:
can be associated with sensorineural hearing loss because of an increased risk of
7656:
7337:
7085:
6741:
6461:
5614:
5448:. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. 25 March 2021
5183:
4920:
4875:
3887:
1438:
1260:
972:
894:
858:
783:
729:
728:
Hearing loss can be inherited. Around 75–80% of all these cases are inherited by
718:
643:
591:
566:
505:
271:
259:
7417:
Global Costs of unaddressed hearing loss and cost-effectiveness of interventions
7134:
6585:"Vital Signs: Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Among Adults – United States 2011–2012"
5859:
Tikka C, Verbeek JH, Kateman E, Morata TC, Dreschler WA, Ferrite S (July 2017).
4763:
4253:"Auditory symptoms associated with herpes zoster or idiopathic facial paralysis"
4123:
3844:. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. 2016-01-26.
3765:
1779:
Researchers reported in 2015 that genetically deaf mice which were treated with
1089:
Identification of a hearing loss is usually conducted by a general practitioner
353:
A deaf person using a camera-equipped smartphone to communicate in sign language
7853:
7614:
7348:
6012:
5231:
5214:
1820:
1784:
1694:
1348:
1090:
1043:
996:
964:
921:
850:
745:
733:
562:
6935:
6865:
Gubbels SP, Woessner DW, Mitchell JC, Ricci AJ, Brigande JV (September 2008).
6551:
6374:
5794:
5077:
4820:
4660:
Fuente A, Qiu W, Zhang M, Xie H, Kardous CA, Campo P, Morata TC (March 2018).
4638:
4203:
4167:
4154:
4110:
Starr A, Sininger YS, Pratt H (2011). "The varieties of auditory neuropathy".
3725:
3697:
3680:
3647:
3465:
3426:
3045:
2127:
1953:
7994:
7881:
7746:
7604:
7042:
6246:
6173:
6157:"Clinical Practice Guideline: Sudden Hearing Loss (Update) Executive Summary"
6156:
5989:
5837:
5562:
5286:
5131:
5062:"Automated Audiometry: A Review of the Implementation and Evaluation Methods"
4828:
4771:
4723:"Preventing Hearing Loss Caused by Chemical (Ototoxicity) and Noise Exposure"
3508:
2181:
1684:
1651:
1466:
1394:
1235:
1182:
905:
886:
822:
802:
662:
457:
need for increased volume on television, radio, music and other audio sources
411:
generally uncomfortably loud above 90 dB and 115 dB represents the
395:
314:
184:
155:
7311:
7307:
6126:"Hearing and Other Sensory or Communication Disorders | Healthy People 2020"
5973:
5480:
4804:
4327:
Araújo E, Zucki F, Corteletti LC, Lopes AC, Feniman MR, Alvarenga K (2012).
3182:
Ford AH, Hankey GJ, Yeap BB, Golledge J, Flicker L, Almeida OP (June 2018).
2691:
Current Diagnosis & Treatment in Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery
1030:
Sound waves reach the outer ear and are conducted down the ear canal to the
7977:
7920:
7646:
7559:
7250:
7201:
7152:
7103:
6908:
6618:
6600:
6569:
6512:
6469:
6425:
6382:
6346:
6264:
6238:
6182:
6063:
5997:
5894:
5824:
5622:
5580:
5498:
5304:
5240:
5191:
5149:
5095:
4928:
4907:
Eggermont JJ (January 2017). "Acquired hearing loss and brain plasticity".
4893:
4836:
4789:
4708:
4646:
4508:
4467:
4403:
4354:
4211:
4131:
4017:
3955:, and numerous state government agencies among others, set noise standards.
3905:
3816:
3749:"Should We Screen Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus for Hearing Loss?"
3748:
3665:
3608:
3573:
3516:
3473:
3434:
3399:
3342:
3294:
3259:
3207:
3168:
3149:
3117:
3063:
3003:
2968:
2917:
2868:
2819:
2801:
2552:
2423:
2333:
2244:
2199:
2135:
2015:
1965:
1810:
1690:
1667:
1229:
1138:
1121:
1102:
1078:
920:. Others may cause permanent hearing loss. The most important group is the
826:
539:
in the brain which is a cause for several neurological disorders including
334:
310:
294:
270:, may also cause hearing loss in the child. Hearing loss is diagnosed when
180:
165:
31:
7290:
6991:
5644:
4860:"Changes in the adult vertebrate auditory sensory epithelium after trauma"
4499:
4482:
4176:
3968:
3600:
3555:
2405:
1627:
In the United States hearing is one of the health outcomes measure by the
305:
recommends that young people limit exposure to loud sounds and the use of
7898:
7830:
7576:
7529:
7524:
7367:
4449:
4434:"Cisplatin ototoxicity and protection: clinical and experimental studies"
4385:
4329:"Hearing loss and acquired immune deficiency syndrome: systematic review"
4278:
3733:
3540:"Spoken language development in children following cochlear implantation"
2226:
1715:. When used as a cultural label especially within the culture, the word
1446:
1276:
1098:
1082:
1071:
1039:
933:
901:
696:
544:
525:
476:
405:
326:
228:
7268:(11th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
6890:
5538:
3587:
Kral A, O'Donoghue GM (October 2010). "Profound deafness in childhood".
3250:
3233:
3028:
Loughrey DG, Kelly ME, Kelley GA, Brennan S, Lawlor BA (February 2018).
2884:"Hearing aids: indications, technology, adaptation, and quality control"
1445:
hearing loss incurred may be permanent. Some management options include
7868:
7858:
7837:
7666:
7661:
7651:
6737:
6536:"Declining Prevalence of Hearing Loss in US Adults Aged 20 to 69 Years"
6534:
Hoffman HJ, Dobie RA, Losonczy KG, Themann CL, Flamme GA (March 2017).
6417:
6024:
5554:
3808:
3334:
3286:
1708:
1429:
1256:
1240:
1210:
international consensus for diagnosing idiopathic sudden hearing loss.
1187:
1146:
1142:
1125:
1075:
1035:
925:
818:
775:
689:
653:
363:
349:
338:
145:, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins
4689:
2899:
7845:
7833:
7712:
7378:
7232:
7183:
6307:. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization. p. 20.
5263:"Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss"
2995:
2390:"The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action"
1805:
1724:
1647:
1497:
for hearing loss (adult onset) per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004:
1385:
1316:
1275:) does not significantly reduce the risk of hearing loss. The use of
1117:
1113:
952:
929:
498:
447:
difficulty understanding speech in the presence of background noise (
425:
298:
251:
196:
169:
142:
76:
6664:
American Sign Language: A Look at Its Story, Structure and Community
6153:
3098:
2850:
7967:
7946:
7519:
6582:
5163:
Jansen S, Luts H, Dejonckere P, van Wieringen A, Wouters J (2013).
1845:
1744:
National University Corporation of Tsukuba University of Technology
1635:
1243:, and avoiding or protecting against excessive noise exposure. The
1134:
956:
944:
890:
862:
774:
are reported to cause hearing loss in up to 64% of infants born to
737:
704:
540:
521:
486:
275:
263:
239:
224:
130:
102:
5861:"Interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss"
5537:
Groenewold M.R., Masterson E.A., Themann C.L., Davis R.R. (2014).
5260:
3969:"Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: Promoting Hearing Health Among Youth"
3782:
Communication disability in aging: from prevention to intervention
979:
alone. The effects is greatest when the combined exposure include
7873:
7707:
7496:
7484:
7116:
5162:
3992:"Hearing Screening and Prevention of Hearing Loss in Adolescents"
3082:"Hearing loss as a risk factor for dementia: A systematic review"
2835:"Hearing loss as a risk factor for dementia: A systematic review"
1712:
1248:
1220:
1158:
1031:
968:
948:
913:
882:
874:
779:
639:
492:
279:
267:
216:
4557:"Addressing the Risk for Hearing Loss from Industrial Chemicals"
4417:
Cone B, Dorn P, Konrad-Martin D, Lister J, Ortiz C, Schairer K.
4368:
Curhan SG, Shargorodsky J, Eavey R, Curhan GC (September 2012).
4153:
Starr A, Picton TW, Sininger Y, Hood LJ, Berlin CI (June 1996).
2888:
GMS Current Topics in Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery
1707:
view deafness as a difference in human experience rather than a
1267:
is a yearly event to promote actions to prevent hearing damage.
7406:
7302:
5324:(7th ed.). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. p. 16.
4226:
1643:
590:
indicate that there may be a common process between decline in
243:
53:
Deaf or hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness
6766:
6359:
6221:
Koo M, Nguyen W, Lee JH, Oh SH, Kyun Park M (September 2022).
5466:
5116:"Self-Fitting Hearing Aids: Status Quo and Future Predictions"
1066:
238:
Hearing loss may be caused by a number of factors, including:
5734:
5603:
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery
4746:
Hilal F, Liaw J, Cousins JP, Rivera AL, Nada A (2023-04-01).
4367:
4057:"The Genetics of Deafness; A Guide for Patients and Families"
1815:
1765:
1252:
976:
878:
870:
461:
Hearing loss is sensory, but may have accompanying symptoms:
301:, avoiding loud noise, and avoiding certain medications. The
134:
6864:
6320:
Hearing loss due to exposure to steady state broadband noise
4432:
Rybak LP, Mukherjea D, Jajoo S, Ramkumar V (November 2009).
885:(also called German measles) syndrome, several varieties of
6533:
4431:
3989:
2296:
1780:
1408:
American Language, Speech Pathology and Hearing Association
1038:
to the fluid in the inner ear. The fluid moves hair cells (
940:
7070:"Tmc gene therapy restores auditory function in deaf mice"
5971:
4326:
3080:
Thomson RS, Auduong P, Miller AT, Gurgel RK (April 2017).
3079:
3027:
2833:
Thomson RS, Auduong P, Miller AT, Gurgel RK (April 2017).
2832:
2545:"Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'"
2215:"Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome"
7214:
6277:
6010:
5858:
4112:
Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology
3990:
de Laat JA, van Deelen L, Wiefferink K (September 2016).
3794:
3537:
2519:
1683:
People with extreme hearing loss may communicate through
440:, especially of children and women whose voices are of a
7829:
7165:
3494:
2981:
2155:
1754:
337:
may see themselves as having a difference rather than a
5675:"Safety and Health Topics: Occupational Noise Exposure"
4416:
4152:
2613:"Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants"
2387:
2360:. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2008. p. 35.
1855:
6686:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 1.
5924:"Your Baby's Hearing Screening and Next Steps | NIDCD"
4745:
3784:. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Learning. pp. 141–142.
3181:
3130:
1951:
1026:
How sounds make their way from the source to the brain
5059:
4370:"Analgesic use and the risk of hearing loss in women"
4064:
Harvard Medical School Center For Hereditary Deafness
3949:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
3184:"Hearing loss and the risk of dementia in later life"
1293:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1263:, and avoidance of certain medication as prevention.
989:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
454:
sounds or speech sounding dull, muffled or attenuated
7482:
7280:
7257:
7043:"Deafness could be treated by virus, say scientists"
6446:
6305:
Acoustics – Estimation of noise induced hearing loss
6282:. Geneva: World Health Organization. pp. 5–10.
5469:"Aging and Hearing Health: The Life-course Approach"
4616:
3872:"Emerging treatments for noise-induced hearing loss"
3746:
2737:"Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions"
2482:"Community and Culture – Frequently Asked Questions"
2113:
1980:
Kassebaum NJ, Kawashima T, Kemmer L (October 2016).
6924:"Human embryonic stem cells restore gerbil hearing"
4227:"# 118300 Charcot–Marie Tooth Disease and Deafness"
1978:
472:There may also be accompanying secondary symptoms:
172:, avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications
7067:
6770:The People of the Eye: Deaf Ethnicity and Ancestry
6050:(9). The American College of Physicians: 655–661.
6013:"Principles and practice of screening for disease"
5219:Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
4109:
4031:Too Loud! For Too Long! Loud noises damage hearing
3586:
3363:
2930:
2156:Schilder AG, Chong LY, Ftouh S, Burton MJ (2017).
971:with lesions and degrades central portions of the
6743:Understanding Deaf Culture: In Search of Deafhood
6661:
6332:
6317:
4659:
3920:"CDC – NIOSH Science Blog – A Story of Impact..."
3231:
3131:Pichora-Fuller MK, Mick P, Reed M (August 2015).
2774:ANSI S3.5-1997 Speech Intelligibility Index (SII)
2388:Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE (May 2014).
2298:Lofgren K, Lozano R, MacIntyre MF (August 2015).
2084:"Hearing Loss at Birth (Congenital Hearing Loss)"
1476:
1473:unilateral hearing aid (hearing aid in one ear).
1120:. Other method for quantifying hearing loss is a
7992:
4669:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
4333:Jornal da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia
4299:
3320:
2931:Lin FR, Niparko JK, Ferrucci L (November 2011).
1629:National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
1161:of hearing loss, or dB HL. There are three main
6679:
6675:
6673:
5530:
4421:. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.
4303:Hearing Loss: Causes, Prevention, and Treatment
4224:
3747:Abraham AM, Jacob JJ, Varghese A (2023-09-28).
3232:Dhital A, Pey T, Stanford MR (September 2010).
2456:(2nd ed.). Berlin: Springer. p. 602.
1954:"Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview"
928:) and platinum based chemotherapeutics such as
797:Disorders responsible for hearing loss include
258:. Certain infections during pregnancy, such as
7430:Occupational Noise and Hearing Loss Prevention
7017:"Biomedical research – Action On Hearing Loss"
6767:Lane HL, Richard Pillard, Ulf Hedberg (2011).
6403:
6220:
6011:Wilson JM, Jungner G, Organization WH (1968).
5376:"Childhood hearing loss: act now, here's how!"
5113:
3779:
3711:
3412:
2933:"Hearing loss prevalence in the United States"
1657:
1617:International Organization for Standardization
7815:
7468:
7208:
7159:
7110:
6227:The Journal of International Advanced Otology
5735:"Excellence in Hearing Loss Prevention Award"
5679:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
5317:
4480:
4293:
3945:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
3941:United States Environmental Protection Agency
3272:
2984:International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
2256:
2254:
1297:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
1282:
985:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
740:patterns, and fewer than 1% are inherited by
6670:
5949:"Recommended Uniform Screening Panel | HRSA"
5206:
5060:Shojaeemend H, Ayatollahi H (October 2018).
4955:American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
3869:
3865:
3863:
3364:Fiske A, Wetherell JL, Gatz M (April 2009).
3323:Journal of the American Academy of Audiology
2512:"Sound and Fury – Cochlear Implants – Essay"
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2088:American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
1952:Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ (2014).
1914:"Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300"
1366:United States Preventive Services Task Force
634:is hearing loss that is sustained after the
7398:WHO fact sheet on deafness and hearing loss
6709:
6589:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
6540:JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
5865:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
5600:
5267:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4438:The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine
4419:"Ototoxic Medications (Medication Effects)"
4225:McKusick VA, Kniffen CL (30 January 2012).
3034:JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
2162:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1727:condition, it is written with a lower case
7822:
7808:
7475:
7461:
7448:International Ototoxicity Management Group
6760:
6730:
6197:"Accessibility & The Audio Track File"
5511:
4802:
4520:
4518:
4189:
4050:
4048:
4046:
2881:
2579:"Why not all deaf people want to be cured"
2347:
2345:
2343:
2251:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
983:. A 2018 informational bulletin by the US
626:
7240:
7191:
7142:
7093:
7040:
6898:
6705:
6703:
6608:
6559:
6254:
6172:
6097:"Who Should be Screened for Hearing Loss"
5884:
5836:
5570:
5505:
5488:
5294:
5230:
5139:
5085:
4906:
4883:
4805:"Isolated congenital ossicular anomalies"
4779:
4698:
4688:
4498:
4457:
4393:
4361:
4344:
4268:
4166:
4007:
3895:
3860:
3764:
3696:
3655:
3563:
3389:
3249:
3158:
3148:
3107:
3097:
3086:Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology
3053:
2958:
2948:
2907:
2858:
2839:Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology
2809:
2720:
2430:
2413:
2394:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
2354:The global burden of disease: 2004 update
2323:
2234:
2189:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2022:
2005:
1972:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1740:National Technical Institute for the Deaf
274:finds that a person is unable to hear 25
6773:. Oxford University Press. p. 269.
5539:"Do hearing protectors protect hearing?"
5010:. NIH – Noisy Planet. December 27, 2017.
4857:
4250:
4192:Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
4066:. Harvard Medical School. Archived from
4038:National Center for Environmental Health
3678:
3455:
2576:
1947:
1945:
1851:Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary
1671:
1489:
1428:
1065:
1006:
535:Hearing loss is responsible for causing
348:
231:usually affects both ears and is due to
7263:
7009:
6915:
6844:"Gene therapy is first deafness 'cure'"
6841:
6819:"Tsukuba University of Technology Home"
6655:
6056:10.7326/0003-4819-157-9-201211060-00526
6031:
5543:American Journal of Industrial Medicine
5416:"Preventing Noise-Induced Hearing Loss"
4580:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4515:
4183:
4043:
2729:
2702:
2659:
2610:
2604:
2474:
2449:
2340:
1838:
14:
7993:
6700:
5854:
5852:
3963:
3961:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3227:
3225:
3075:
3073:
2683:
2212:
2142:
2100:
1869:
1664:Social impact of profound hearing loss
839:superior semicircular canal dehiscence
7803:
7456:
6921:
6746:. Multilingual Matters. p. 502.
6643:from the original on 15 November 2016
6037:
5825:"Occupationally-Induced Hearing Loss"
5256:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5109:
5107:
5105:
5055:
5053:
5014:
5008:"What Is Noise-Induced Hearing Loss?"
4481:Rybak LP, Ramkumar V (October 2007).
3953:Mine Safety and Health Administration
3382:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153621
3023:
3021:
2492:from the original on 27 December 2015
2036:. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2011.
1960:. Seattle: University of Washington.
1942:
1755:Stem cell transplant and gene therapy
1650:status of adults and children in the
1640:National Center for Health Statistics
1247:also recommends immunization against
910:non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
837:, recurring ear infections, strokes,
418:
7742:Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
6984:
6795:"Top Deaf universities and colleges"
6736:
6278:World Health Organization W (2017).
6189:
6161:Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
5212:
4543:
4410:
3848:from the original on October 4, 2016
3629:
3370:Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
2796:(8). Journal of Epidemiol: 517–521.
2783:
2743:. National Association of the Deaf.
2488:. National Association of the Deaf.
1844:
1499:
1141:, and differential testing with the
550:
385:
7547:
6302:
5849:
5775:from the original on August 8, 2016
5645:"Noise and Hearing Loss Prevention"
5549:(9). Wiley Periodicals: 1001–1010.
5114:Keidser G, Convery E (April 2016).
4306:. Elsevier Science. pp. 198–.
4231:Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
3958:
3589:The New England Journal of Medicine
3309:
3222:
3070:
2620:The Journal of Political Philosophy
1351:. The result is calculated via an
908:such as furosemide and bumetanide,
528:usage can slow down the decline in
215:is a partial or total inability to
24:
7443:International Society of Audiology
6493:International Journal of Audiology
6450:International Journal of Audiology
6363:International Journal of Audiology
5805:from the original on June 30, 2016
5475:. 56 Suppl 2 (Suppl_2): S256–267.
5247:
5102:
5050:
4574:
4554:
4091:. Pennsylvania Ear Institute. 2016
4085:"Hearing Loss in Premature Babies"
3458:International Journal of Audiology
3018:
1002:
27:Partial or total inability to hear
25:
8037:
7276:
6967:
5745:from the original on May 27, 2016
5715:from the original on July 4, 2016
5655:from the original on July 9, 2016
5392:from the original on 6 March 2016
3636:Maternal and Child Health Journal
3234:"Visual loss and falls: a review"
2722:10.1097/01.HJ.0000559500.67179.7d
2221:. 57 Suppl 4 (suppl_4): S182–84.
2051:
1759:A 2005 study achieved successful
1287:Noise is widely recognized as an
18:International Symbol for Deafness
7061:
7049:from the original on 9 July 2015
7034:
6961:
6858:
6854:from the original on 2008-09-14.
6835:
6811:
6787:
6680:Padden CA, Humphries T( (2005).
6625:
6576:
6527:
6484:
6440:
6397:
6353:
6326:
6311:
6296:
6271:
6214:
6147:
6118:
6089:
6004:
5965:
5941:
5916:
5901:
5845:from the original on 2016-05-12.
5817:
5787:
5757:
5727:
5697:
5685:from the original on May 6, 2016
5667:
5637:
5594:
5442:"Quick Statistics About Hearing"
5338:from the original on 2017-09-08.
4803:Park K, Choung YH (2009-01-01).
4374:American Journal of Epidemiology
4270:10.1288/00005537-197703000-00010
4054:
4009:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.06.017
3996:The Journal of Adolescent Health
3979:from the original on 2009-12-21.
3929:from the original on 2015-06-13.
3876:Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs
3870:Oishi N, Schacht J (June 2011).
2632:10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x
2470:from the original on 2015-12-14.
2377:from the original on 2013-06-24.
1719:is often written with a capital
772:Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
516:Hearing loss is associated with
511:
58:
6998:from the original on 2013-01-27
6950:from the original on 2012-12-14
6710:Jamie Berke (9 February 2010).
6136:from the original on 2017-03-18
6078:from the original on 2012-10-27
5910:"Hearing impairment calculator"
5827:. Publication number 2010-136.
5460:
5434:
5408:
5368:
5342:
5311:
5156:
5066:Healthcare Informatics Research
5036:
5000:
4986:
4968:
4943:
4900:
4851:
4796:
4739:
4715:
4653:
4610:
4532:from the original on 2010-06-09
4474:
4425:
4346:10.1590/s2179-64912012000200017
4320:
4251:Byl FM, Adour KK (March 1977).
4244:
4218:
4146:
4103:
4077:
4024:
3983:
3933:
3912:
3839:"Hearing Loss and Older Adults"
3831:
3788:
3773:
3740:
3705:
3672:
3623:
3580:
3531:
3488:
3449:
3406:
3357:
3266:
3200:10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.03.004
3175:
3124:
2975:
2924:
2882:Hoppe U, Hesse G (2017-12-18).
2875:
2826:
2777:
2768:
2759:
2747:from the original on 2015-12-27
2696:
2653:
2593:from the original on 2015-09-24
2570:
2559:from the original on 2015-07-30
2537:
2526:from the original on 2015-07-06
2504:
2453:Textbook of clinical pediatrics
2381:
2290:
2278:from the original on 1 May 2015
2206:
2040:from the original on 2012-06-25
1608:the range of $ 750–790 billion
1485:
1181:of the hearing loss, such as a
8016:Occupational safety and health
7074:Science Translational Medicine
6712:"Deaf Culture - Big D Small D"
6662:Baker C, Carol Padden (1978).
5877:10.1002/14651858.cd006396.pub4
5318:Graham JM, Baguley DM (2009).
5279:10.1002/14651858.CD008080.pub2
4619:Neurotoxicology and Teratology
3460:. 42 Suppl 2 (sup2): 2S17–20.
2950:10.1001/archinternmed.2011.506
2174:10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2
2076:
2034:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
1621:Hearing and Noise in Industry,
1477:Idiopathic sudden hearing loss
1378:American Academy of Pediatrics
596:health-related quality of life
13:
1:
6848:NewScientist.com News Service
6505:10.3109/14992027.2015.1009643
5705:"Controls for Noise Exposure"
3753:Aging Medicine and Healthcare
3497:American Journal of Audiology
2937:Archives of Internal Medicine
2316:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4
1998:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6
1831:
1495:Disability-adjusted life year
1418:
1309:personal protective equipment
1213:
601:
392:Absolute threshold of hearing
344:
7622:Auditory processing disorder
7086:10.1126/scitranslmed.aab1996
6462:10.3109/14992027.2010.540582
6318:Passchier-Vermeer W (1969).
5615:10.1097/moo.0000000000000079
5184:10.1097/AUD.0b013e318297920b
5024:. NIOSH/CDC. 5 February 2018
4921:10.1016/j.heares.2016.05.008
4876:10.1016/j.heares.2012.11.010
4161:. 119 ( Pt 3) (3): 741–753.
3888:10.1517/14728214.2011.552427
3366:"Depression in older adults"
2219:Clinical Infectious Diseases
1597:and more than 6 per 1000 in
1359:
1301:hierarchy of hazard controls
1291:. In the United States, the
1175:auditory processing disorder
1055:
465:pain or pressure in the ears
121:central auditory dysfunction
7:
7887:Eustachian tube dysfunction
7135:10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.01.007
7041:Gallacher J (9 July 2015).
6992:"Hearing Health Foundation"
6714:. About.com. Archived from
6044:Annals of Internal Medicine
4764:10.1016/j.radcr.2022.10.097
4124:10.1515/JBCPP.2000.11.3.215
3842:(Last Updated June 3, 2016)
3766:10.33879/AMH.143.2022.01008
2213:Fowler KB (December 2013).
2059:"Deafness and hearing loss"
1799:
1790:
1749:
1658:Social and cultural aspects
1433:An in-the-canal hearing aid
1225:congenital rubella syndrome
807:Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
229:Hearing loss related to age
206:1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)
10:
8042:
7572:Sensorineural hearing loss
5350:"Hearing Loss in Children"
5232:10.1001/archotol.130.5.524
5044:"Age-Related Hearing Loss"
4858:Oesterle EC (March 2013).
1854:. Elsevier. Archived from
1661:
1425:Management of hearing loss
1422:
1370:neonatal hearing screening
1321:NIOSH Power Tools Database
1283:Workplace noise regulation
1171:sensorineural hearing loss
1059:
732:, 20–25% are inherited by
715:Noise-induced hearing loss
681:
587:dose-response relationship
537:thalamocortical dysrthymia
399:
389:
290:, and mixed hearing loss.
288:sensorineural hearing loss
119:, and mixed hearing loss,
29:
7960:
7939:
7867:
7844:
7762:
7721:
7700:
7691:
7639:
7597:
7565:Superior canal dehiscence
7540:
7504:
7495:
7420:World Health Organization
7358:
7284:
6936:10.1038/nature.2012.11402
6552:10.1001/jamaoto.2016.3527
6375:10.1080/14992020600582166
5078:10.4258/hir.2018.24.4.263
4996:. NIDCD. January 3, 2018.
4821:10.1080/00016480802587846
4639:10.1016/j.ntt.2015.02.003
4581:Johnson AC (2008-09-09).
4300:Jos J. Eggermont (2017).
4204:10.1016/j.otc.2012.03.010
3726:10.3109/00206097909072634
3698:10.1017/s0142716407070294
3685:Applied Psycholinguistics
3648:10.1007/s10995-017-2287-y
3466:10.3109/14992020309074639
3427:10.1016/j.arr.2009.05.005
3046:10.1001/jamaoto.2017.2513
2577:Williams S (2012-09-13).
2128:10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003
2063:World Health Organization
1934:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1774:Hearing Health Foundation
1761:regrowth of cochlea cells
1676:The sign for "friend" in
1638:program conducted by the
1245:World Health Organization
1097:, certified and licensed
1062:Diagnosis of hearing loss
742:mitochondrial inheritance
677:
661:previous experience with
638:, which can occur due to
558:mild cognitive impairment
303:World Health Organization
202:
176:
161:
149:
126:
108:
92:
88:Decreased ability to hear
82:
66:
57:
49:
44:
7892:Patulous Eustachian tube
6842:Coghlan A (2005-02-14).
6633:"American Sign Language"
6174:10.1177/0194599819859883
5838:10.26616/NIOSHPUB2010136
5132:10.1177/2331216516643284
5046:. NIDCD. 18 August 2015.
4198:(3): 599–629, vii–viii.
3509:10.1044/2015_AJA-15-0026
2660:Mehmood A (2023-01-30).
762:neurofibromatosis type 2
736:, 1–2% are inherited by
709:hearing loss in diabetes
576:
8011:Communication disorders
7785:Vestibulo–ocular reflex
7555:Conductive hearing loss
6038:Moyer VA (2012-11-06).
4528:. toxtown.nlm.nih.gov.
4168:10.1093/brain/119.3.741
3417:. Microbes and Ageing.
3415:Ageing Research Reviews
2790:Journal of Epidemiology
1704:children of deaf adults
1693:refers to a tight-knit
1601:have hearing problems.
1227:, immunization against
1195:unilateral hearing loss
1167:conductive hearing loss
1101:, school or industrial
636:acquisition of language
627:Spoken language ability
284:conductive hearing loss
7266:Physiology of behavior
7019:. RNID. Archived from
6922:Gewin V (2012-09-12).
6823:www.tsukuba-tech.ac.jp
6601:10.15585/mmwr.mm6605e3
6239:10.5152/iao.2022.21469
4809:Acta Oto-Laryngologica
4752:Radiology Case Reports
4592:: 1–48. Archived from
3939:In the United States,
3150:10.1055/s-0035-1555116
2802:10.2188/jea.JE20140147
2703:Bennett R (May 2019).
1680:
1678:American Sign Language
1589:
1434:
1086:
1027:
997:temporal bone fracture
723:personal audio devices
717:(NIHL), also known as
684:Causes of hearing loss
612:coronary heart disease
402:Equal-loudness contour
354:
307:personal audio players
256:chronic ear infections
7916:Middle ear barotrauma
7589:Nonsyndromic deafness
6130:www.healthypeople.gov
5795:"PowerTools Database"
5481:10.1093/geront/gnw033
5321:Ballantyne's Deafness
4590:Karolinska Institutet
4559:. CDC. Archived from
4500:10.1038/sj.ki.5002434
4155:"Auditory neuropathy"
3601:10.1056/NEJMra0911225
3556:10.1001/jama.2010.451
2406:10.2471/blt.13.128728
1675:
1610:international dollars
1493:
1432:
1399:At least once during
1393:At least once during
1333:sound exposure levels
1259:, efforts to prevent
1207:sensorineural hearing
1107:otorhinolaryngologist
1069:
1025:
918:macrolide antibiotics
867:vestibular schwannoma
766:Nonsyndromic deafness
632:Post-lingual deafness
449:cocktail party effect
424:difficulty using the
400:Further information:
352:
297:, proper care around
168:, proper care around
7909:Gradenigo's syndrome
7752:Labyrinthine fistula
7677:visual reinforcement
7627:Spatial hearing loss
7221:Nature Biotechnology
7172:Nature Biotechnology
6017:Public Health Papers
5213:Lieu JE (May 2004).
4487:Kidney International
4450:10.1620/tjem.219.177
3630:Hall WC (May 2017).
2784:Hung SC (Aug 2015).
2271:. 27 February 2015.
1992:(10053): 1545–1602.
1736:Gallaudet University
1599:developing countries
1459:assistive technology
1390:At ages 6, 8, and 10
1305:engineering controls
963:, for example); and
754:Waardenburg syndrome
667:language deprivation
545:visual snow syndrome
481:auditory recruitment
438:understanding speech
8021:Otorhinolaryngology
7516:Excessive response
7264:Carlson NR (2010).
6891:10.1038/nature07265
6883:2008Natur.455..537G
6683:Inside Deaf Culture
6456:(Suppl 1): S11–20.
5385:. 2016. p. 6.
5126:: 233121651664328.
4681:2018ASAJ..143.1704F
4631:2015NTxT...48...56V
4040:. (6 January 2020).
3975:. CDC. 2009-07-01.
3679:Mayberry R (2007).
3251:10.1038/eye.2010.60
3137:Seminars in Hearing
2709:The Hearing Journal
2587:The Daily Telegraph
2583:www.telegraph.co.uk
2549:www.theatlantic.com
2450:Elzouki AY (2012).
1742:in the US, and the
1595:developed countries
1455:middle ear implants
1413:Healthy People 2020
1313:Safe-in-Sound Award
1289:occupational hazard
1239:to reduce cases of
799:auditory neuropathy
792:hyperbilirubinaemia
701:high blood pressure
650:Prelingual deafness
530:cognitive functions
518:Alzheimer's disease
375:auditory neuropathy
73:Otorhinolaryngology
7926:Perforated eardrum
7435:(6 February 2018).
7359:External resources
6418:10.1002/lary.24913
6335:Noise & Health
5555:10.1002/ajim.22323
5356:. October 29, 2021
4386:10.1093/aje/kws146
3973:CDC Healthy Youth!
3809:10.1002/lary.24354
3335:10.3766/jaaa.16044
3287:10.1002/lary.25927
2611:Sparrow R (2005).
2227:10.1093/cid/cit609
1681:
1590:
1435:
1353:algebraic equation
1200:head shadow effect
1087:
1028:
961:automobile exhaust
815:multiple sclerosis
811:autoimmune disease
495:and disequilibrium
432:sound localization
419:Signs and symptoms
355:
233:cochlear hair cell
7988:
7987:
7797:
7796:
7793:
7792:
7770:Dix–Hallpike test
7737:Ménière's disease
7687:
7686:
7635:
7634:
7582:Cortical deafness
7393:
7392:
7123:Molecular Therapy
7080:(295): 295ra108.
6780:978-0-19-975929-3
6753:978-1-85359-545-5
6693:978-0-674-01506-7
6289:978-92-4-151204-6
5928:www.nidcd.nih.gov
5473:The Gerontologist
5331:978-0-470-74441-3
5120:Trends in Hearing
4994:"How Do We Hear?"
4690:10.1121/1.5028368
4313:978-0-12-809349-8
3925:. 25 March 2015.
3595:(15): 1438–1450.
3550:(15): 1498–1506.
3281:(11): 2587–2596.
2990:(12): 1121–1134.
2943:(20): 1851–1852.
2900:10.3205/cto000147
2705:"Time for Change"
2310:(9995): 743–800.
1826:World Hearing Day
1587:
1586:
1463:closed captioning
1451:cochlear implants
1265:World Hearing Day
1165:of hearing loss:
1023:
835:Ménière's disease
831:perilymph fistula
758:Alport's syndrome
750:Stickler syndrome
616:pulmonary disease
598:in older adults.
551:Cognitive decline
468:a blocked feeling
413:threshold of pain
386:Hearing standards
370:Speech perception
319:cochlear implants
248:exposure to noise
210:
209:
193:closed captioning
189:cochlear implants
151:Diagnostic method
139:exposure to noise
39:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
8033:
7931:Tympanosclerosis
7904:Bezold's abscess
7824:
7817:
7810:
7801:
7800:
7775:Unterberger test
7729:Balance disorder
7698:
7697:
7610:Wolfram syndrome
7545:
7544:
7502:
7501:
7477:
7470:
7463:
7454:
7453:
7439:Global Audiology
7424:Internet archive
7282:
7281:
7270:
7269:
7261:
7255:
7254:
7244:
7233:10.1038/nbt.3801
7212:
7206:
7205:
7195:
7184:10.1038/nbt.3781
7163:
7157:
7156:
7146:
7114:
7108:
7107:
7097:
7065:
7059:
7058:
7056:
7054:
7038:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7028:
7013:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7003:
6988:
6982:
6981:
6976:. Archived from
6965:
6959:
6958:
6956:
6955:
6919:
6913:
6912:
6902:
6877:(7212): 537–41.
6862:
6856:
6855:
6839:
6833:
6832:
6830:
6829:
6815:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6805:
6791:
6785:
6784:
6764:
6758:
6757:
6734:
6728:
6727:
6725:
6723:
6707:
6698:
6697:
6677:
6668:
6667:
6659:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6648:
6629:
6623:
6622:
6612:
6580:
6574:
6573:
6563:
6531:
6525:
6524:
6488:
6482:
6481:
6444:
6438:
6437:
6406:The Laryngoscope
6401:
6395:
6394:
6357:
6351:
6350:
6330:
6324:
6323:
6315:
6309:
6308:
6300:
6294:
6293:
6275:
6269:
6268:
6258:
6218:
6212:
6211:
6209:
6207:
6193:
6187:
6186:
6176:
6151:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6141:
6122:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6112:
6103:. Archived from
6093:
6087:
6086:
6084:
6083:
6035:
6029:
6028:
6008:
6002:
6001:
5978:MMWR Supplements
5969:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5959:
5945:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5935:
5920:
5914:
5913:
5905:
5899:
5898:
5888:
5856:
5847:
5846:
5840:
5821:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5810:
5791:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5780:
5761:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5750:
5731:
5725:
5724:
5722:
5720:
5701:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5690:
5671:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5660:
5641:
5635:
5634:
5598:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5587:
5574:
5534:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5523:
5515:The Noise Manual
5509:
5503:
5502:
5492:
5464:
5458:
5457:
5455:
5453:
5438:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5427:
5412:
5406:
5405:
5399:
5397:
5391:
5380:
5372:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5346:
5340:
5339:
5315:
5309:
5308:
5298:
5258:
5245:
5244:
5234:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5169:
5160:
5154:
5153:
5143:
5111:
5100:
5099:
5089:
5057:
5048:
5047:
5040:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5029:
5018:
5012:
5011:
5004:
4998:
4997:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4978:. Archived from
4972:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4961:
4947:
4941:
4940:
4909:Hearing Research
4904:
4898:
4897:
4887:
4864:Hearing Research
4855:
4849:
4848:
4800:
4794:
4793:
4783:
4758:(4): 1461–1465.
4743:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4727:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4702:
4692:
4675:(3): 1704–1710.
4666:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4614:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4604:
4598:
4587:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4552:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4522:
4513:
4512:
4502:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4461:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4414:
4408:
4407:
4397:
4365:
4359:
4358:
4348:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4297:
4291:
4290:
4272:
4257:The Laryngoscope
4248:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4170:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4107:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4061:
4052:
4041:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4011:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3965:
3956:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3899:
3867:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3843:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3797:The Laryngoscope
3792:
3786:
3785:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3744:
3738:
3737:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3659:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3567:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3393:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3318:
3307:
3306:
3275:The Laryngoscope
3270:
3264:
3263:
3253:
3244:(9): 1437–1446.
3229:
3220:
3219:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3162:
3152:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3111:
3101:
3077:
3068:
3067:
3057:
3025:
3016:
3015:
2996:10.1002/gps.1023
2979:
2973:
2972:
2962:
2952:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2911:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2862:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2813:
2781:
2775:
2772:
2766:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2700:
2694:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2668:. Archived from
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2617:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2447:
2428:
2427:
2417:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2359:
2349:
2338:
2337:
2327:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2277:
2266:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2238:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2193:
2168:(12): CD012665.
2153:
2140:
2139:
2111:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2009:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1949:
1940:
1939:
1933:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1910:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1842:
1699:primary language
1697:of people whose
1580:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1384:When they enter
1295:(NIOSH) and the
1190:or other tumor.
1095:otolaryngologist
1024:
904:. This includes
871:viral infections
855:Pendred Syndrome
847:Treacher-Collins
690:of unknown cause
571:social isolation
569:and increase in
442:higher frequency
99:Social isolation
62:
42:
41:
21:
8041:
8040:
8036:
8035:
8034:
8032:
8031:
8030:
7991:
7990:
7989:
7984:
7956:
7935:
7871:
7863:
7840:
7831:Diseases of the
7828:
7798:
7789:
7758:
7717:
7683:
7657:Tone decay test
7631:
7593:
7536:
7491:
7481:
7426:on 12 May 2020.
7394:
7389:
7388:
7354:
7353:
7293:
7279:
7274:
7273:
7262:
7258:
7213:
7209:
7164:
7160:
7115:
7111:
7066:
7062:
7052:
7050:
7039:
7035:
7026:
7024:
7015:
7014:
7010:
7001:
6999:
6990:
6989:
6985:
6966:
6962:
6953:
6951:
6920:
6916:
6863:
6859:
6840:
6836:
6827:
6825:
6817:
6816:
6812:
6803:
6801:
6799:Healthy Hearing
6793:
6792:
6788:
6781:
6765:
6761:
6754:
6735:
6731:
6721:
6719:
6718:on 4 March 2016
6708:
6701:
6694:
6678:
6671:
6660:
6656:
6646:
6644:
6631:
6630:
6626:
6581:
6577:
6532:
6528:
6489:
6485:
6445:
6441:
6402:
6398:
6358:
6354:
6331:
6327:
6316:
6312:
6303:ISO IO (2013).
6301:
6297:
6290:
6276:
6272:
6219:
6215:
6205:
6203:
6195:
6194:
6190:
6152:
6148:
6139:
6137:
6124:
6123:
6119:
6110:
6108:
6095:
6094:
6090:
6081:
6079:
6036:
6032:
6009:
6005:
5970:
5966:
5957:
5955:
5947:
5946:
5942:
5933:
5931:
5922:
5921:
5917:
5906:
5902:
5871:(7): CD006396.
5857:
5850:
5823:
5822:
5818:
5808:
5806:
5793:
5792:
5788:
5778:
5776:
5763:
5762:
5758:
5748:
5746:
5733:
5732:
5728:
5718:
5716:
5703:
5702:
5698:
5688:
5686:
5673:
5672:
5668:
5658:
5656:
5643:
5642:
5638:
5599:
5595:
5585:
5583:
5535:
5531:
5521:
5519:
5510:
5506:
5465:
5461:
5451:
5449:
5440:
5439:
5435:
5425:
5423:
5414:
5413:
5409:
5395:
5393:
5389:
5378:
5374:
5373:
5369:
5359:
5357:
5348:
5347:
5343:
5332:
5316:
5312:
5273:(7): CD008080.
5259:
5248:
5211:
5207:
5172:Ear and Hearing
5167:
5161:
5157:
5112:
5103:
5058:
5051:
5042:
5041:
5037:
5027:
5025:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5006:
5005:
5001:
4992:
4991:
4987:
4974:
4973:
4969:
4959:
4957:
4949:
4948:
4944:
4905:
4901:
4856:
4852:
4801:
4797:
4744:
4740:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4664:
4658:
4654:
4615:
4611:
4602:
4600:
4596:
4585:
4579:
4575:
4566:
4564:
4553:
4544:
4535:
4533:
4524:
4523:
4516:
4479:
4475:
4430:
4426:
4415:
4411:
4366:
4362:
4325:
4321:
4314:
4298:
4294:
4249:
4245:
4235:
4233:
4223:
4219:
4188:
4184:
4151:
4147:
4108:
4104:
4094:
4092:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4070:
4059:
4053:
4044:
4029:
4025:
3988:
3984:
3967:
3966:
3959:
3938:
3934:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3868:
3861:
3851:
3849:
3841:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3793:
3789:
3778:
3774:
3745:
3741:
3710:
3706:
3677:
3673:
3628:
3624:
3585:
3581:
3536:
3532:
3493:
3489:
3454:
3450:
3411:
3407:
3362:
3358:
3319:
3310:
3271:
3267:
3230:
3223:
3180:
3176:
3129:
3125:
3099:10.1002/lio2.65
3078:
3071:
3026:
3019:
2980:
2976:
2929:
2925:
2880:
2876:
2851:10.1002/lio2.65
2831:
2827:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2701:
2697:
2688:
2684:
2675:
2673:
2666:militaryseoblog
2658:
2654:
2644:
2642:
2615:
2609:
2605:
2596:
2594:
2575:
2571:
2562:
2560:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2529:
2527:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2495:
2493:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2464:
2448:
2431:
2386:
2382:
2374:
2368:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2341:
2295:
2291:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2252:
2211:
2207:
2154:
2143:
2112:
2101:
2092:
2090:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2068:
2066:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2043:
2041:
2028:
2027:
2023:
1977:
1973:
1950:
1943:
1927:
1926:
1919:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1870:
1861:
1859:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1802:
1793:
1757:
1752:
1670:
1662:Main articles:
1660:
1588:
1582:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1488:
1479:
1439:corticosteroids
1427:
1421:
1362:
1345:threshold shift
1285:
1261:premature birth
1216:
1064:
1058:
1007:
1005:
1003:Pathophysiology
987:(OSHA) and the
973:auditory system
922:aminoglycosides
895:West Nile virus
784:Premature birth
730:recessive genes
719:acoustic trauma
686:
680:
629:
604:
592:auditory system
579:
553:
514:
421:
408:
398:
388:
347:
272:hearing testing
260:cytomegalovirus
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8039:
8029:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7986:
7985:
7983:
7982:
7981:
7980:
7975:
7964:
7962:
7958:
7957:
7955:
7954:
7949:
7943:
7941:
7937:
7936:
7934:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7912:
7911:
7906:
7896:
7895:
7894:
7884:
7878:
7876:
7865:
7864:
7862:
7861:
7856:
7854:Otitis externa
7850:
7848:
7842:
7841:
7827:
7826:
7819:
7812:
7804:
7795:
7794:
7791:
7790:
7788:
7787:
7782:
7780:Romberg's test
7777:
7772:
7766:
7764:
7760:
7759:
7757:
7756:
7755:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7731:
7725:
7723:
7719:
7718:
7716:
7715:
7710:
7704:
7702:
7695:
7689:
7688:
7685:
7684:
7682:
7681:
7680:
7679:
7674:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7643:
7641:
7637:
7636:
7633:
7632:
7630:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7618:
7617:
7615:Usher syndrome
7612:
7601:
7599:
7595:
7594:
7592:
7591:
7586:
7585:
7584:
7579:
7569:
7568:
7567:
7562:
7551:
7549:
7542:
7538:
7537:
7535:
7534:
7533:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7514:
7508:
7506:
7499:
7493:
7492:
7480:
7479:
7472:
7465:
7457:
7451:
7450:
7445:
7436:
7427:
7414:
7409:
7400:
7391:
7390:
7387:
7386:
7384:article/994159
7375:
7363:
7362:
7360:
7356:
7355:
7352:
7351:
7340:
7329:
7314:
7294:
7289:
7288:
7286:
7285:Classification
7278:
7277:External links
7275:
7272:
7271:
7256:
7227:(3): 264–272.
7207:
7178:(3): 280–284.
7158:
7129:(3): 780–791.
7109:
7060:
7033:
7008:
6983:
6980:on 2013-02-16.
6960:
6914:
6857:
6834:
6810:
6786:
6779:
6759:
6752:
6729:
6699:
6692:
6669:
6654:
6639:. 2015-08-18.
6624:
6595:(5): 139–144.
6575:
6546:(3): 274–285.
6526:
6499:(8): 499–506.
6483:
6439:
6412:(3): 690–694.
6396:
6369:(5): 309–317.
6352:
6325:
6310:
6295:
6288:
6270:
6233:(5): 399–404.
6213:
6188:
6167:(2): 195–210.
6146:
6117:
6088:
6030:
6003:
5964:
5940:
5915:
5900:
5848:
5816:
5786:
5756:
5726:
5696:
5666:
5636:
5609:(5): 388–393.
5593:
5529:
5504:
5459:
5433:
5407:
5367:
5341:
5330:
5310:
5246:
5225:(5): 524–530.
5205:
5178:(6): 773–778.
5155:
5101:
5072:(4): 263–275.
5049:
5035:
5013:
4999:
4985:
4982:on 1 May 2017.
4967:
4942:
4899:
4850:
4815:(4): 419–422.
4795:
4738:
4714:
4652:
4609:
4573:
4542:
4514:
4493:(8): 931–935.
4473:
4444:(3): 177–186.
4424:
4409:
4380:(6): 544–554.
4360:
4339:(2): 188–192.
4319:
4312:
4292:
4263:(3): 372–379.
4243:
4217:
4182:
4145:
4118:(3): 215–230.
4102:
4076:
4073:on 2013-10-19.
4042:
4023:
4002:(3): 243–245.
3982:
3957:
3932:
3911:
3882:(2): 235–245.
3859:
3830:
3803:(3): 767–776.
3787:
3772:
3759:(3): 102–113.
3739:
3720:(4): 320–334.
3704:
3691:(3): 537–549.
3671:
3642:(5): 961–965.
3622:
3579:
3530:
3503:(4): 536–548.
3487:
3448:
3421:(2): 131–141.
3405:
3376:(1): 363–389.
3356:
3329:(6): 575–588.
3308:
3265:
3221:
3174:
3143:(3): 122–139.
3123:
3069:
3040:(2): 115–126.
3017:
2974:
2923:
2874:
2825:
2776:
2767:
2758:
2728:
2695:
2682:
2652:
2603:
2569:
2555:. 2013-08-09.
2536:
2503:
2473:
2462:
2429:
2380:
2366:
2339:
2289:
2250:
2205:
2141:
2099:
2075:
2050:
2021:
1971:
1941:
1868:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1821:Safe listening
1818:
1813:
1808:
1801:
1798:
1792:
1789:
1785:Usher syndrome
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1695:cultural group
1685:sign languages
1659:
1656:
1642:. It examines
1585:
1584:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1498:
1487:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1467:movie theaters
1423:Main article:
1420:
1417:
1404:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1361:
1358:
1349:noise exposure
1284:
1281:
1215:
1212:
1091:medical doctor
1074:conducting an
1060:Main article:
1057:
1054:
1044:cochlear nerve
1004:
1001:
906:loop diuretics
887:herpes viruses
851:Usher Syndrome
746:Usher syndrome
734:dominant genes
682:Main article:
679:
676:
628:
625:
603:
600:
578:
575:
567:social contact
563:cognitive load
552:
549:
513:
510:
509:
508:
502:
496:
490:
484:
470:
469:
466:
459:
458:
455:
452:
445:
434:
428:
420:
417:
387:
384:
379:
378:
367:
360:
346:
343:
208:
207:
204:
200:
199:
178:
174:
173:
163:
159:
158:
153:
147:
146:
128:
124:
123:
110:
106:
105:
96:
90:
89:
86:
80:
79:
70:
64:
63:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8038:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7998:
7996:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7970:
7969:
7966:
7965:
7963:
7959:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7944:
7942:
7938:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7901:
7900:
7897:
7893:
7890:
7889:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7882:Cholesteatoma
7880:
7879:
7877:
7875:
7870:
7866:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7851:
7849:
7847:
7843:
7839:
7835:
7832:
7825:
7820:
7818:
7813:
7811:
7806:
7805:
7802:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7767:
7765:
7761:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7747:Labyrinthitis
7745:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7734:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7726:
7724:
7720:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7705:
7703:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7690:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7669:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7644:
7642:
7638:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7607:
7606:
7605:Deafblindness
7603:
7602:
7600:
7596:
7590:
7587:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7574:
7573:
7570:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7557:
7556:
7553:
7552:
7550:
7546:
7543:
7539:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7517:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7509:
7507:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7494:
7490:
7486:
7483:Disorders of
7478:
7473:
7471:
7466:
7464:
7459:
7458:
7455:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7440:
7437:
7434:
7431:
7428:
7425:
7421:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7395:
7385:
7381:
7380:
7376:
7374:
7370:
7369:
7365:
7364:
7361:
7357:
7350:
7346:
7345:
7341:
7339:
7335:
7334:
7330:
7328:
7324:
7323:
7319:
7315:
7313:
7309:
7305:
7304:
7300:
7296:
7295:
7292:
7287:
7283:
7267:
7260:
7252:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7234:
7230:
7226:
7222:
7218:
7211:
7203:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7185:
7181:
7177:
7173:
7169:
7162:
7154:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7136:
7132:
7128:
7124:
7120:
7113:
7105:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7087:
7083:
7079:
7075:
7071:
7064:
7048:
7044:
7037:
7023:on 2013-01-23
7022:
7018:
7012:
6997:
6993:
6987:
6979:
6975:
6974:National Post
6971:
6964:
6949:
6945:
6941:
6937:
6933:
6929:
6925:
6918:
6910:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6892:
6888:
6884:
6880:
6876:
6872:
6868:
6861:
6853:
6849:
6845:
6838:
6824:
6820:
6814:
6800:
6796:
6790:
6782:
6776:
6772:
6771:
6763:
6755:
6749:
6745:
6744:
6739:
6733:
6717:
6713:
6706:
6704:
6695:
6689:
6685:
6684:
6676:
6674:
6665:
6658:
6642:
6638:
6634:
6628:
6620:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6602:
6598:
6594:
6590:
6586:
6579:
6571:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6553:
6549:
6545:
6541:
6537:
6530:
6522:
6518:
6514:
6510:
6506:
6502:
6498:
6494:
6487:
6479:
6475:
6471:
6467:
6463:
6459:
6455:
6451:
6443:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6423:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6407:
6400:
6392:
6388:
6384:
6380:
6376:
6372:
6368:
6364:
6356:
6348:
6344:
6341:(24): 35–41.
6340:
6336:
6329:
6321:
6314:
6306:
6299:
6291:
6285:
6281:
6274:
6266:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6248:
6244:
6240:
6236:
6232:
6228:
6224:
6217:
6202:
6198:
6192:
6184:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6166:
6162:
6158:
6150:
6135:
6131:
6127:
6121:
6107:on 2017-03-17
6106:
6102:
6098:
6092:
6077:
6073:
6069:
6065:
6061:
6057:
6053:
6049:
6045:
6041:
6034:
6026:
6022:
6018:
6014:
6007:
5999:
5995:
5991:
5987:
5983:
5979:
5975:
5968:
5954:
5950:
5944:
5929:
5925:
5919:
5911:
5904:
5896:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5878:
5874:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5855:
5853:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5830:
5826:
5820:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5790:
5774:
5770:
5766:
5760:
5744:
5740:
5739:Safe-in-Sound
5736:
5730:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5700:
5684:
5680:
5676:
5670:
5654:
5650:
5646:
5640:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5597:
5582:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5564:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5540:
5533:
5517:
5516:
5508:
5500:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5482:
5478:
5474:
5470:
5463:
5447:
5443:
5437:
5422:. 8 June 2020
5421:
5417:
5411:
5404:
5388:
5384:
5377:
5371:
5355:
5351:
5345:
5337:
5333:
5327:
5323:
5322:
5314:
5306:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5242:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5209:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5166:
5159:
5151:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5110:
5108:
5106:
5097:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5056:
5054:
5045:
5039:
5023:
5017:
5009:
5003:
4995:
4989:
4981:
4977:
4976:"How We Hear"
4971:
4956:
4952:
4951:"How We Hear"
4946:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4903:
4895:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4854:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4799:
4791:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4742:
4724:
4718:
4710:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4663:
4656:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4613:
4599:on 2012-09-06
4595:
4591:
4584:
4577:
4563:on 2009-01-22
4562:
4558:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4531:
4527:
4521:
4519:
4510:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4483:"Ototoxicity"
4477:
4469:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4428:
4420:
4413:
4405:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4364:
4356:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4323:
4315:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4296:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4247:
4232:
4228:
4221:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4186:
4178:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4149:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4106:
4090:
4086:
4080:
4069:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4027:
4019:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3986:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3964:
3962:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3936:
3928:
3924:
3921:
3915:
3907:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3866:
3864:
3852:September 11,
3847:
3840:
3834:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3791:
3783:
3776:
3767:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3743:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3708:
3699:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3675:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3626:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3583:
3575:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3534:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3491:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3452:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3409:
3401:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3360:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3269:
3261:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3228:
3226:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3178:
3170:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3127:
3119:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3076:
3074:
3065:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3024:
3022:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2978:
2970:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2927:
2919:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2878:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2829:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2780:
2771:
2762:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2686:
2672:on 2023-02-04
2671:
2667:
2663:
2656:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2626:(2): 135–52.
2625:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2573:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2469:
2465:
2463:9783642022012
2459:
2455:
2454:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2400:(5): 367–73.
2399:
2395:
2391:
2384:
2373:
2369:
2367:9789241563710
2363:
2356:
2355:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2293:
2274:
2270:
2263:
2257:
2255:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1975:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1946:
1937:
1931:
1915:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1858:on 2014-01-11
1857:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1762:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1686:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1652:United States
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1581: >700
1575: 655–700
1569: 610–655
1563: 565–610
1557: 520–565
1551: 475–520
1546:
1543: 430–475
1537: 385–430
1531: 340–385
1525: 295–340
1519: 250–295
1513: <250
1507: no data
1502:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1483:
1474:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1440:
1431:
1426:
1416:
1414:
1409:
1402:
1398:
1396:
1395:middle school
1392:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1328:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1236:S. pneumoniae
1232:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1211:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1189:
1184:
1183:Carhart notch
1180:
1179:configuration
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1085:testing booth
1084:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1000:
998:
995:be caused by
992:
990:
986:
982:
981:impulse noise
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
937:
935:
931:
927:
924:(main member
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
898:
896:
892:
888:
884:
881:, congenital
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
823:cholesteatoma
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
803:Down syndrome
800:
795:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
710:
706:
702:
698:
693:
691:
685:
675:
673:
672:sign language
668:
664:
663:sign language
659:
655:
651:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
624:
621:
617:
613:
608:
599:
597:
593:
588:
583:
574:
572:
568:
564:
559:
548:
546:
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
512:Complications
507:
503:
500:
499:tympanophonia
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
478:
475:
474:
473:
467:
464:
463:
462:
456:
453:
450:
446:
443:
439:
435:
433:
429:
427:
423:
422:
416:
414:
407:
403:
397:
396:Hearing range
393:
383:
376:
371:
368:
365:
361:
357:
356:
351:
342:
340:
336:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
315:sign language
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
205:
201:
198:
194:
190:
186:
185:sign language
182:
179:
175:
171:
167:
164:
160:
157:
156:Hearing tests
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
117:sensorineural
114:
111:
107:
104:
100:
97:
95:
94:Complications
91:
87:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
69:
65:
61:
56:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
8001:Hearing loss
7978:tympanometry
7952:Hearing loss
7951:
7921:Otitis media
7647:Hearing test
7560:Otosclerosis
7512:Hearing loss
7511:
7432:
7403:Hearing loss
7377:
7366:
7342:
7331:
7316:
7297:
7265:
7259:
7224:
7220:
7210:
7175:
7171:
7161:
7126:
7122:
7112:
7077:
7073:
7063:
7051:. Retrieved
7036:
7025:. Retrieved
7021:the original
7011:
7000:. Retrieved
6986:
6978:the original
6973:
6963:
6952:. Retrieved
6927:
6917:
6874:
6870:
6860:
6847:
6837:
6826:. Retrieved
6822:
6813:
6802:. Retrieved
6798:
6789:
6769:
6762:
6742:
6732:
6720:. Retrieved
6716:the original
6682:
6663:
6657:
6645:. Retrieved
6636:
6627:
6592:
6588:
6578:
6543:
6539:
6529:
6496:
6492:
6486:
6453:
6449:
6442:
6409:
6405:
6399:
6366:
6362:
6355:
6338:
6334:
6328:
6319:
6313:
6304:
6298:
6279:
6273:
6230:
6226:
6216:
6204:. Retrieved
6200:
6191:
6164:
6160:
6149:
6138:. Retrieved
6129:
6120:
6109:. Retrieved
6105:the original
6101:www.asha.org
6100:
6091:
6080:. Retrieved
6047:
6043:
6033:
6016:
6006:
5984:(2): 20–26.
5981:
5977:
5967:
5956:. Retrieved
5953:www.hrsa.gov
5952:
5943:
5932:. Retrieved
5930:. 2021-11-09
5927:
5918:
5903:
5868:
5864:
5828:
5819:
5807:. Retrieved
5798:
5789:
5777:. Retrieved
5768:
5759:
5747:. Retrieved
5738:
5729:
5717:. Retrieved
5708:
5699:
5687:. Retrieved
5678:
5669:
5657:. Retrieved
5648:
5639:
5606:
5602:
5596:
5584:. Retrieved
5546:
5542:
5532:
5520:. Retrieved
5514:
5507:
5472:
5462:
5450:. Retrieved
5445:
5436:
5424:. Retrieved
5419:
5410:
5401:
5394:. Retrieved
5382:
5370:
5358:. Retrieved
5353:
5344:
5320:
5313:
5270:
5266:
5222:
5218:
5208:
5175:
5171:
5158:
5123:
5119:
5069:
5065:
5038:
5026:. Retrieved
5016:
5002:
4988:
4980:the original
4970:
4958:. Retrieved
4954:
4945:
4912:
4908:
4902:
4867:
4863:
4853:
4812:
4808:
4798:
4755:
4751:
4741:
4729:. Retrieved
4717:
4672:
4668:
4655:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4601:. Retrieved
4594:the original
4589:
4576:
4565:. Retrieved
4561:the original
4534:. Retrieved
4490:
4486:
4476:
4441:
4437:
4427:
4412:
4377:
4373:
4363:
4336:
4332:
4322:
4302:
4295:
4260:
4256:
4246:
4234:. Retrieved
4230:
4220:
4195:
4191:
4185:
4158:
4148:
4115:
4111:
4105:
4093:. Retrieved
4089:Salus Health
4088:
4079:
4068:the original
4063:
4033:
4026:
3999:
3995:
3985:
3972:
3935:
3922:
3914:
3879:
3875:
3850:. Retrieved
3833:
3800:
3796:
3790:
3781:
3775:
3756:
3752:
3742:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3688:
3684:
3674:
3639:
3635:
3625:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3547:
3543:
3533:
3500:
3496:
3490:
3457:
3451:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3373:
3369:
3359:
3326:
3322:
3278:
3274:
3268:
3241:
3237:
3191:
3187:
3177:
3140:
3136:
3126:
3092:(2): 69–79.
3089:
3085:
3037:
3033:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2845:(2): 69–79.
2842:
2838:
2828:
2793:
2789:
2779:
2770:
2761:
2749:. Retrieved
2740:
2731:
2712:
2708:
2698:
2690:
2685:
2674:. Retrieved
2670:the original
2665:
2655:
2643:. Retrieved
2623:
2619:
2606:
2595:. Retrieved
2582:
2572:
2561:. Retrieved
2553:The Atlantic
2548:
2539:
2528:. Retrieved
2515:
2506:
2494:. Retrieved
2485:
2476:
2452:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2353:
2307:
2303:
2292:
2280:. Retrieved
2268:
2218:
2208:
2165:
2161:
2122:(1): 19–31.
2119:
2116:Primary Care
2115:
2091:. Retrieved
2087:
2078:
2067:. Retrieved
2065:. 2020-03-01
2062:
2053:
2042:. Retrieved
2033:
2024:
1989:
1985:
1974:
1958:GeneReviews
1957:
1918:. Retrieved
1860:. Retrieved
1856:the original
1850:
1840:
1811:Deaf hearing
1794:
1778:
1770:
1758:
1733:
1728:
1725:audiological
1720:
1716:
1691:Deaf culture
1689:
1682:
1668:Deaf culture
1631:(NHANES), a
1626:
1620:
1614:
1606:
1603:
1593:per 1000 in
1591:
1486:Epidemiology
1480:
1471:
1447:hearing aids
1443:
1436:
1405:
1375:
1363:
1338:
1329:
1325:
1286:
1277:antioxidants
1269:
1234:
1230:H. influenza
1228:
1217:
1204:
1193:People with
1192:
1178:
1162:
1154:
1151:
1139:tympanometry
1131:
1122:hearing test
1111:
1103:audiometrist
1088:
1079:hearing test
1051:
1048:
1029:
993:
938:
899:
843:Pierre Robin
827:otosclerosis
809:variant 1E,
796:
770:
727:
713:
694:
687:
671:
657:
648:
630:
605:
580:
554:
534:
515:
506:Bell's palsy
471:
460:
409:
380:
335:Deaf culture
331:
325:are useful.
311:hearing aids
295:immunization
292:
237:
213:Hearing loss
212:
211:
181:Hearing aids
166:Immunization
45:Hearing loss
36:
32:Deaf culture
7899:Mastoiditis
7733:Peripheral
7577:Presbycusis
7530:Phonophobia
7525:Hyperacusis
7368:MedlinePlus
7045:. UK: BBC.
6928:Nature News
6722:22 November
6647:17 November
6206:14 November
6025:10665/37650
5765:"Buy Quiet"
4915:: 176–190.
4555:Morata TC.
2645:30 November
2516:www.pbs.org
1648:nutritional
1401:high school
1368:recommends
1273:fit testing
1223:to prevent
1099:audiologist
1083:sound-proof
1076:audiometric
1072:audiologist
1040:stereocilia
965:asphyxiants
934:carboplatin
697:presbycusis
620:vision loss
526:hearing aid
477:hyperacusis
436:difficulty
406:A-weighting
327:Lip reading
50:Other names
7995:Categories
7869:Middle ear
7859:Otomycosis
7838:middle ear
7667:Audiometry
7662:Weber test
7652:Rinne test
7344:DiseasesDB
7027:2013-01-22
7002:2013-01-22
6954:2013-01-22
6828:2021-08-12
6804:2021-08-12
6140:2017-03-17
6111:2017-03-17
6082:2012-11-06
5958:2023-06-21
5934:2023-06-21
5586:15 October
5452:27 October
4603:2009-06-19
4567:2008-06-05
4536:2010-06-09
2751:27 January
2676:2023-02-04
2597:2015-08-02
2563:2015-08-01
2530:2015-08-01
2093:2020-07-13
2069:2020-07-13
2044:2012-02-22
2030:"Deafness"
1862:2016-03-12
1832:References
1746:in Japan.
1709:disability
1419:Management
1257:meningitis
1241:meningitis
1214:Prevention
1188:schwannoma
1126:audiometry
1036:middle ear
951:(found in
947:, such as
926:gentamicin
861:syndrome,
819:meningitis
654:congenital
607:Depression
602:Depression
390:See also:
364:audiometer
345:Definition
339:disability
252:infections
162:Prevention
143:infections
113:Conductive
8006:Audiology
7973:pneumatic
7846:Outer ear
7713:nystagmus
7672:pure tone
7379:eMedicine
6968:Ander D.
6521:143590528
6247:2148-3817
6201:Cinepedia
5990:2380-8942
5563:1097-0274
5522:10 August
5287:1469-493X
4870:: 91–98.
4845:205395847
4829:0001-6489
4772:1930-0433
4625:: 56–63.
4095:16 August
3714:Audiology
3188:Maturitas
2894:: Doc08.
2715:(5): 16.
2640:145727204
2182:1469-493X
1806:Audiology
1360:Screening
1317:Buy Quiet
1118:audiogram
1114:frequency
1056:Diagnosis
953:crude oil
930:cisplatin
776:alcoholic
426:telephone
323:subtitles
299:pregnancy
203:Frequency
197:subtitles
177:Treatment
170:pregnancy
77:audiology
68:Specialty
8026:Deafness
7968:Otoscope
7947:Ear pain
7940:Symptoms
7701:Symptoms
7520:Tinnitus
7505:Symptoms
7422:. 2017.
7251:28165476
7202:28165475
7153:28254438
7104:26157030
7047:Archived
6996:Archived
6948:Archived
6944:87417776
6909:18754012
6852:Archived
6740:(2003).
6641:Archived
6619:28182600
6570:27978564
6513:25832123
6470:21288063
6434:11731976
6426:25216153
6391:35123521
6383:16717022
6347:15703139
6265:36063096
6183:31369349
6134:Archived
6076:Archived
6072:29265879
6064:22893115
5998:25208254
5895:28685503
5843:Archived
5831:. 2010.
5809:July 15,
5803:Archived
5779:July 15,
5773:Archived
5749:July 15,
5743:Archived
5719:July 15,
5713:Archived
5689:July 15,
5683:Archived
5659:July 15,
5653:Archived
5631:22846225
5623:25188429
5581:24700499
5499:26994265
5387:Archived
5360:17 March
5336:Archived
5305:35867413
5241:15148171
5200:11858630
5192:23782715
5150:27072929
5096:30443414
4929:27233916
4894:23178236
4837:19116789
4790:36798057
4709:29604694
4647:25689156
4530:Archived
4509:17653135
4468:19851045
4404:22933387
4355:22832689
4287:41226847
4212:22588039
4140:31806057
4132:11041385
4055:Rehm H.
4018:27562364
3977:Archived
3927:Archived
3906:21247358
3846:Archived
3825:25569962
3817:23945844
3666:28185206
3617:13639137
3609:20925546
3574:20407059
3525:13091175
3517:26649683
3482:14433959
3474:12918624
3443:13637437
3435:19524072
3400:19327033
3343:28590900
3303:28871762
3295:27010669
3260:20448666
3216:13998812
3208:29704910
3194:: 1–11.
3169:27516713
3118:28894825
3064:29222544
3012:39164724
3004:14677145
2969:22083573
2918:29279726
2869:28894825
2820:25986155
2745:Archived
2591:Archived
2557:Archived
2524:Archived
2490:Archived
2468:Archived
2424:24839326
2372:Archived
2334:26063472
2273:Archived
2245:24257423
2200:29256573
2136:24439878
2038:Archived
2016:27733282
1966:20301607
1930:cite web
1846:Elsevier
1800:See also
1791:Audition
1750:Research
1738:and the
1636:research
1327:fitted.
1159:decibels
1155:severity
1135:otoscopy
957:gasoline
945:solvents
902:ototoxic
891:HIV/AIDS
873:such as
863:syphilis
782:intake.
738:X-linked
705:diabetes
541:tinnitus
522:dementia
487:tinnitus
430:loss of
276:decibels
264:syphilis
240:genetics
225:language
131:Genetics
103:dementia
84:Symptoms
7874:mastoid
7722:Disease
7708:Vertigo
7693:Balance
7541:Disease
7497:Hearing
7489:balance
7485:hearing
7338:D034381
7242:5340578
7193:5340646
7144:5363211
7095:7298700
6994:. HHF.
6900:2925035
6879:Bibcode
6610:5657963
6561:5576493
6478:3396617
6256:9524353
5886:6353150
5572:4671486
5490:6283365
5426:13 July
5396:2 March
5296:9307133
5141:4871211
5087:6230538
5028:3 March
4960:2 March
4937:3568426
4885:3637947
4781:9925837
4731:4 April
4700:8588570
4677:Bibcode
4627:Bibcode
4459:2927105
4395:3530351
4236:2 March
4177:8673487
3923:cdc.gov
3897:3102156
3657:5392137
3565:3073449
3391:2852580
3351:3744742
3160:4906310
3109:5527366
3055:5824986
2960:3564588
2909:5738937
2860:5527366
2811:4517989
2741:nad.org
2689:eBook:
2496:31 July
2486:nad.org
2415:4007124
2325:4561509
2282:2 March
2269:who.int
2236:3836573
2191:6486194
2007:5055577
1713:disease
1249:measles
1221:rubella
1032:eardrum
969:cochlea
949:toluene
914:quinine
883:rubella
875:measles
788:hypoxia
780:alcohol
640:disease
493:vertigo
268:rubella
250:, some
223:spoken
221:acquire
141:, some
7407:Curlie
7373:003044
7249:
7239:
7200:
7190:
7151:
7141:
7102:
7092:
7053:9 July
6942:
6907:
6897:
6871:Nature
6777:
6750:
6738:Ladd P
6690:
6617:
6607:
6568:
6558:
6519:
6511:
6476:
6468:
6432:
6424:
6389:
6381:
6345:
6286:
6263:
6253:
6245:
6181:
6070:
6062:
6019:(34).
5996:
5988:
5893:
5883:
5629:
5621:
5579:
5569:
5561:
5497:
5487:
5328:
5303:
5293:
5285:
5239:
5198:
5190:
5148:
5138:
5094:
5084:
4935:
4927:
4892:
4882:
4843:
4835:
4827:
4788:
4778:
4770:
4707:
4697:
4645:
4507:
4466:
4456:
4402:
4392:
4353:
4310:
4285:
4279:557156
4277:
4210:
4175:
4138:
4130:
4016:
3904:
3894:
3823:
3815:
3734:475664
3732:
3664:
3654:
3615:
3607:
3572:
3562:
3523:
3515:
3480:
3472:
3441:
3433:
3398:
3388:
3349:
3341:
3301:
3293:
3258:
3214:
3206:
3167:
3157:
3116:
3106:
3062:
3052:
3010:
3002:
2967:
2957:
2916:
2906:
2867:
2857:
2818:
2808:
2638:
2460:
2422:
2412:
2364:
2332:
2322:
2304:Lancet
2243:
2233:
2198:
2188:
2180:
2134:
2014:
2004:
1986:Lancet
1964:
1920:23 May
1644:health
1633:survey
1583:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1461:, and
1386:school
1255:, and
916:, and
893:, and
869:, and
859:Turner
857:, and
760:, and
678:Causes
658:spoken
644:trauma
244:ageing
127:Causes
7961:Tests
7834:outer
7763:Tests
7640:Tests
7598:Other
7349:19942
6940:S2CID
6637:NIDCD
6517:S2CID
6474:S2CID
6430:S2CID
6387:S2CID
6068:S2CID
5627:S2CID
5390:(PDF)
5379:(PDF)
5196:S2CID
5168:(PDF)
4933:S2CID
4841:S2CID
4726:(PDF)
4665:(PDF)
4597:(PDF)
4586:(PDF)
4283:S2CID
4159:Brain
4136:S2CID
4071:(PDF)
4060:(PDF)
3821:S2CID
3613:S2CID
3521:S2CID
3478:S2CID
3439:S2CID
3347:S2CID
3299:S2CID
3212:S2CID
3008:S2CID
2636:S2CID
2616:(PDF)
2375:(PDF)
2358:(PDF)
2276:(PDF)
2265:(PDF)
1816:H.870
1766:Atoh1
1465:; in
1253:mumps
1163:types
1147:Rinne
1143:Weber
1081:in a
977:noise
879:mumps
582:Falls
577:Falls
135:aging
109:Types
7872:and
7836:and
7548:Loss
7487:and
7333:MeSH
7322:9-CM
7247:PMID
7198:PMID
7149:PMID
7100:PMID
7055:2015
6905:PMID
6775:ISBN
6748:ISBN
6724:2013
6688:ISBN
6649:2016
6615:PMID
6566:PMID
6509:PMID
6466:PMID
6422:PMID
6379:PMID
6343:PMID
6284:ISBN
6261:PMID
6243:ISSN
6208:2023
6179:PMID
6060:PMID
5994:PMID
5986:ISSN
5891:PMID
5811:2016
5781:2016
5751:2016
5721:2016
5691:2015
5661:2016
5619:PMID
5588:2022
5577:PMID
5559:ISSN
5524:2022
5495:PMID
5454:2022
5428:2020
5398:2016
5362:2017
5326:ISBN
5301:PMID
5283:ISSN
5271:2022
5237:PMID
5188:PMID
5146:PMID
5092:PMID
5030:2018
4962:2018
4925:PMID
4890:PMID
4833:PMID
4825:ISSN
4786:PMID
4768:ISSN
4733:2018
4705:PMID
4643:PMID
4505:PMID
4464:PMID
4400:PMID
4351:PMID
4308:ISBN
4275:PMID
4238:2018
4208:PMID
4173:PMID
4128:PMID
4097:2020
4014:PMID
3902:PMID
3854:2016
3813:PMID
3730:PMID
3662:PMID
3605:PMID
3570:PMID
3544:JAMA
3513:PMID
3470:PMID
3431:PMID
3396:PMID
3339:PMID
3291:PMID
3256:PMID
3204:PMID
3165:PMID
3114:PMID
3060:PMID
3000:PMID
2965:PMID
2914:PMID
2865:PMID
2816:PMID
2753:2016
2647:2014
2498:2014
2458:ISBN
2420:PMID
2362:ISBN
2330:PMID
2284:2015
2241:PMID
2196:PMID
2178:ISSN
2166:2017
2132:PMID
2012:PMID
1962:PMID
1936:link
1922:2015
1781:TMC1
1717:deaf
1666:and
1646:and
1615:The
1376:The
1364:The
1339:The
1307:and
1233:and
959:and
941:lead
932:and
543:and
520:and
404:and
394:and
321:and
266:and
217:hear
7405:at
7327:389
7318:ICD
7312:H91
7308:H90
7299:ICD
7237:PMC
7229:doi
7188:PMC
7180:doi
7139:PMC
7131:doi
7090:PMC
7082:doi
6932:doi
6895:PMC
6887:doi
6875:455
6605:PMC
6597:doi
6556:PMC
6548:doi
6544:143
6501:doi
6458:doi
6414:doi
6410:125
6371:doi
6251:PMC
6235:doi
6169:doi
6165:161
6052:doi
6048:157
6021:hdl
5881:PMC
5873:doi
5833:doi
5611:doi
5567:PMC
5551:doi
5485:PMC
5477:doi
5446:NIH
5383:WHO
5291:PMC
5275:doi
5227:doi
5223:130
5180:doi
5136:PMC
5128:doi
5082:PMC
5074:doi
4917:doi
4913:343
4880:PMC
4872:doi
4868:297
4817:doi
4813:129
4776:PMC
4760:doi
4695:PMC
4685:doi
4673:143
4635:doi
4495:doi
4454:PMC
4446:doi
4442:219
4390:PMC
4382:doi
4378:176
4341:doi
4265:doi
4200:doi
4163:doi
4120:doi
4004:doi
3892:PMC
3884:doi
3805:doi
3801:124
3761:doi
3722:doi
3693:doi
3652:PMC
3644:doi
3597:doi
3593:363
3560:PMC
3552:doi
3548:303
3505:doi
3462:doi
3423:doi
3386:PMC
3378:doi
3331:doi
3283:doi
3279:126
3246:doi
3238:Eye
3196:doi
3192:112
3155:PMC
3145:doi
3104:PMC
3094:doi
3050:PMC
3042:doi
3038:144
2992:doi
2955:PMC
2945:doi
2941:171
2904:PMC
2896:doi
2855:PMC
2847:doi
2806:PMC
2798:doi
2717:doi
2628:doi
2520:PBS
2410:PMC
2402:doi
2320:PMC
2312:doi
2308:386
2231:PMC
2223:doi
2186:PMC
2170:doi
2124:doi
2002:PMC
1994:doi
1990:388
1711:or
1070:An
7997::
7441:,
7382::
7371::
7347::
7336::
7325::
7306::
7303:10
7245:.
7235:.
7225:35
7223:.
7219:.
7196:.
7186:.
7176:35
7174:.
7170:.
7147:.
7137:.
7127:25
7125:.
7121:.
7098:.
7088:.
7076:.
7072:.
6972:.
6946:.
6938:.
6930:.
6926:.
6903:.
6893:.
6885:.
6873:.
6869:.
6850:.
6846:.
6821:.
6797:.
6702:^
6672:^
6635:.
6613:.
6603:.
6593:66
6591:.
6587:.
6564:.
6554:.
6542:.
6538:.
6515:.
6507:.
6497:54
6495:.
6472:.
6464:.
6454:50
6452:.
6428:.
6420:.
6408:.
6385:.
6377:.
6367:45
6365:.
6337:.
6259:.
6249:.
6241:.
6231:18
6229:.
6225:.
6199:.
6177:.
6163:.
6159:.
6132:.
6128:.
6099:.
6074:.
6066:.
6058:.
6046:.
6042:.
6015:.
5992:.
5982:63
5980:.
5976:.
5951:.
5926:.
5889:.
5879:.
5867:.
5863:.
5851:^
5841:.
5801:.
5797:.
5771:.
5767:.
5741:.
5737:.
5711:.
5707:.
5681:.
5677:.
5651:.
5647:.
5625:.
5617:.
5607:22
5605:.
5575:.
5565:.
5557:.
5547:57
5545:.
5541:.
5493:.
5483:.
5471:.
5444:.
5418:.
5400:.
5381:.
5352:.
5334:.
5299:.
5289:.
5281:.
5269:.
5265:.
5249:^
5235:.
5221:.
5217:.
5194:.
5186:.
5176:34
5174:.
5170:.
5144:.
5134:.
5124:20
5122:.
5118:.
5104:^
5090:.
5080:.
5070:24
5068:.
5064:.
5052:^
4953:.
4931:.
4923:.
4911:.
4888:.
4878:.
4866:.
4862:.
4839:.
4831:.
4823:.
4811:.
4807:.
4784:.
4774:.
4766:.
4756:18
4754:.
4750:.
4703:.
4693:.
4683:.
4671:.
4667:.
4641:.
4633:.
4623:48
4621:.
4588:.
4545:^
4517:^
4503:.
4491:72
4489:.
4485:.
4462:.
4452:.
4440:.
4436:.
4398:.
4388:.
4376:.
4372:.
4349:.
4337:24
4335:.
4331:.
4281:.
4273:.
4261:87
4259:.
4255:.
4229:.
4206:.
4196:45
4194:.
4171:.
4157:.
4134:.
4126:.
4116:11
4114:.
4087:.
4062:.
4045:^
4036:,
4012:.
4000:59
3998:.
3994:.
3971:.
3960:^
3951:,
3947:,
3943:,
3900:.
3890:.
3880:16
3878:.
3874:.
3862:^
3819:.
3811:.
3799:.
3757:14
3755:.
3751:.
3728:.
3718:18
3716:.
3689:28
3687:.
3683:.
3660:.
3650:.
3640:21
3638:.
3634:.
3611:.
3603:.
3591:.
3568:.
3558:.
3546:.
3542:.
3519:.
3511:.
3501:24
3499:.
3476:.
3468:.
3437:.
3429:.
3394:.
3384:.
3372:.
3368:.
3345:.
3337:.
3327:28
3325:.
3311:^
3297:.
3289:.
3277:.
3254:.
3242:24
3240:.
3236:.
3224:^
3210:.
3202:.
3190:.
3186:.
3163:.
3153:.
3141:36
3139:.
3135:.
3112:.
3102:.
3088:.
3084:.
3072:^
3058:.
3048:.
3036:.
3032:.
3020:^
3006:.
2998:.
2988:18
2986:.
2963:.
2953:.
2939:.
2935:.
2912:.
2902:.
2892:16
2890:.
2886:.
2863:.
2853:.
2841:.
2837:.
2814:.
2804:.
2794:25
2792:.
2788:.
2739:.
2713:72
2711:.
2707:.
2664:.
2634:.
2624:13
2622:.
2618:.
2589:.
2585:.
2581:.
2551:.
2547:.
2522:.
2518:.
2514:.
2484:.
2466:.
2432:^
2418:.
2408:.
2398:92
2396:.
2392:.
2370:.
2342:^
2328:.
2318:.
2306:.
2302:.
2267:.
2253:^
2239:.
2229:.
2217:.
2194:.
2184:.
2176:.
2164:.
2160:.
2144:^
2130:.
2120:41
2118:.
2102:^
2086:.
2061:.
2032:.
2010:.
2000:.
1988:.
1984:.
1944:^
1932:}}
1928:{{
1871:^
1848:.
1731:.
1612:.
1457:,
1453:,
1449:,
1441:.
1251:,
1202:.
1169:,
1145:,
1137:,
1109:.
1093:,
955:,
943:;
936:.
897:.
889:,
877:,
865:,
853:,
849:,
845:,
841:,
833:,
829:,
825:,
821:,
817:,
813:,
805:,
801:,
790:,
764:.
756:,
752:,
748:,
703:,
692:.
642:,
618:,
614:,
547:.
532:.
317:,
313:,
286:,
280:dB
262:,
246:,
242:,
195:,
191:,
187:,
183:,
137:,
133:,
115:,
101:,
75:,
7823:e
7816:t
7809:v
7476:e
7469:t
7462:v
7320:-
7310:–
7301:-
7291:D
7253:.
7231::
7204:.
7182::
7155:.
7133::
7106:.
7084::
7078:7
7057:.
7030:.
7005:.
6957:.
6934::
6911:.
6889::
6881::
6831:.
6807:.
6783:.
6756:.
6726:.
6696:.
6666:.
6651:.
6621:.
6599::
6572:.
6550::
6523:.
6503::
6480:.
6460::
6436:.
6416::
6393:.
6373::
6349:.
6339:6
6292:.
6267:.
6237::
6210:.
6185:.
6171::
6143:.
6114:.
6085:.
6054::
6027:.
6023::
6000:.
5961:.
5937:.
5912:.
5897:.
5875::
5869:7
5835::
5813:.
5783:.
5753:.
5723:.
5693:.
5663:.
5633:.
5613::
5590:.
5553::
5526:.
5501:.
5479::
5456:.
5430:.
5364:.
5307:.
5277::
5243:.
5229::
5202:.
5182::
5152:.
5130::
5098:.
5076::
5032:.
4964:.
4939:.
4919::
4896:.
4874::
4847:.
4819::
4792:.
4762::
4735:.
4711:.
4687::
4679::
4649:.
4637::
4629::
4606:.
4570:.
4539:.
4511:.
4497::
4470:.
4448::
4406:.
4384::
4357:.
4343::
4316:.
4289:.
4267::
4240:.
4214:.
4202::
4179:.
4165::
4142:.
4122::
4099:.
4020:.
4006::
3908:.
3886::
3856:.
3827:.
3807::
3769:.
3763::
3736:.
3724::
3701:.
3695::
3668:.
3646::
3619:.
3599::
3576:.
3554::
3527:.
3507::
3484:.
3464::
3445:.
3425::
3419:9
3402:.
3380::
3374:5
3353:.
3333::
3305:.
3285::
3262:.
3248::
3218:.
3198::
3171:.
3147::
3120:.
3096::
3090:2
3066:.
3044::
3014:.
2994::
2971:.
2947::
2920:.
2898::
2871:.
2849::
2843:2
2822:.
2800::
2755:.
2725:.
2719::
2679:.
2649:.
2630::
2600:.
2566:.
2533:.
2500:.
2426:.
2404::
2336:.
2314::
2286:.
2247:.
2225::
2202:.
2172::
2138:.
2126::
2096:.
2072:.
2047:.
2018:.
1996::
1968:.
1938:)
1924:.
1865:.
1729:d
1721:D
707:(
483:"
451:)
444:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.