2296:
1844:: RMS, Republik Maluku Selatan) was proclaimed at Ambon. The RMS had strong support among the Ambonese KNIL soldiers. As a consequence the Moluccan soldiers located outside the South Moluccas demanded to be discharged at Ambon. But Indonesia refused to let the Dutch transport these soldiers to Ambon as long as the RMS was not repressed, fearing prolonged military struggle. When after heavy fighting the RMS was repressed at Ambon, the soldiers refused to be discharged there. They now demanded to be demobilised at Seram, where pockets of resistance against Indonesia still existed. This was again blocked by Indonesia.
1729:
658:
1840:. Herein lay the source of the discontent among the Moluccan soldiers as, according to the KNIL policy, soldiers had the right to choose the place where they were to be discharged at the end of their contract. The political situation in the new Republic of Indonesia was initially unstable and, in particular, controversy over a federal or centralised form of the state resulted in armed conflicts in which Ambonese ex-KNIL men were involved. In 1950 an independent Republic of the South Moluccas (
358:
331:
295:
278:
261:
244:
229:
211:
126:
236:
221:
1648:
348:
321:
185:
173:
161:
149:
113:
1796:, which links it with the southern half. On 5 November the city of Ambon came into the hands of the Indonesian army. The RMS government fled to Ceram in December to continue the war in the form of a guerrilla warfare. "The town of Ambon had been wiped out except for four buildings," an eyewitness told an Australian newspaper. "The Indonesians had constantly shelled the town and planes had strafed it, but much of the destruction had been caused by
1836:, this was an extremely difficult choice for the Protestant Ambonese, and only a minority chose to serve with the Indonesian Army. Disbanding proved a complicated process and, in 1951, two years after the transfer of sovereignty, not all soldiers had been demobilised. The Dutch were under severe international pressure to disband the colonial army and temporarily made these men part of the regular Dutch army, while trying to demobilise them in
44:
1787:
At the time of the RMS proclamation, there were 7,345 former KNIL troops stationed in Ambon, including 2,500 Ambonese. These soldiers became the backbone of APRMS. After a naval blockade by the
Indonesian navy, an invasion of Ambon took place on 28 September 1950. The APRMS fled from the town of
1847:
The Dutch government finally decided to transport the remaining men and their families to the
Netherlands. They were discharged on arrival and 'temporarily' housed in camps until it was possible for them to return to the Moluccan islands. In this way around 12,500 persons were settled in the
2174:
The complicated story of the disbanding of the KNIL is set out briefly here. For a more extended analysis see
Manuhutu (1987); Steylen (1996: 33-63); van Amersfoort (1982: 101-8). The psychological impact of the dissolution of the KNIL on the Ambonese servicemen is described in Wittermans
2184:"Invasie op Ambon begonnen Indonesische korvetten schieten van de baai uit op de stad Ambon vraagt tussenkomst van de Veiligheidsraad, Nederland en Australië". "De Gooi- en Eemlander : nieuws- en advertentieblad". Hilversum, 02-10-1950. Geraadpleegd op Delpher op 26-08-2019,
1807:
The
Indonesian army suffered severe losses. Although the RMS soldiers were KNIL members which were well-trained and renowned for their fighting skills, the resistance of the APRMS soldiers was eventually put down in November 1950. However, Lt. Col.
1884:. On October 1, the RMS government requested intervention from the UN Security Council, Australia and the Netherlands to invade Indonesian troops. The Netherlands indicated that this was a matter for the UN and referred to the RTC transfer.
1763:
and were cutting their ties with RUSI. And later, former KNIL soldiers garrisoned at Ambon joined RMS and formed Armed Forces of RMS (APRMS). These are among troops who have been awaiting demobilization or transfer to the Armed Forces of RIS
1775:
proclaimed the restoration of the unitary state of the
Republic of Indonesia. This RMS was not acknowledged by Sukarno and on his orders, the Indonesian military invaded the Moluccan island of
1718:
394:
1856:
After the defeat of the RMS on Ambon by
Indonesian forces in November 1950, the self-declared government withdrew to Seram, where an armed struggle continued on until December 1963. The
1788:
Ambon before the invading
Indonesian troops had taken up positions in old Dutch fortifications in the hills overlooking the town. From here they waged guerrilla warfare. The
1812:
who was the commander of the
Indonesian army in the Maluku sector and an important participant during the offensive was killed during the final day of the campaign.
2247:
1736:
Distrusting the
Javanese and Muslim-dominated Republic of Indonesia, the largely Protestant and pro-Dutch South Moluccans - who had long contributed forces to the
387:
1358:
380:
1338:
2614:
1318:
1676:
2325:
2604:
2280:
2240:
1407:
2340:
600:
2453:
516:
2609:
2285:
2233:
1722:
1452:
1915:
1593:
1553:
2485:
2366:
2000:
1892:
The military engagements in Maluku prompted
Kawilarang to establish what would later become Indonesia's special forces
1737:
1669:
1615:
580:
1792:
occupied the northern half of the island, but had been halted by fierce Ambonese resistance at the one kilometre wide
2639:
2624:
2490:
2214:
1975:
1573:
585:
1848:
Netherlands, more or less against their will and certainly also against the original plans of the Dutch government.
2629:
2356:
1789:
1765:
1608:
1598:
1588:
1583:
1563:
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2256:
1821:
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1417:
665:
465:
404:
35:
2335:
2275:
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1630:
1620:
1603:
1568:
1492:
1462:
1397:
1227:
930:
753:
637:
2097:
2589:
1800:." The fighting was ferocious, since TNI's opposition were well-trained former KNIL soldiers including the
1246:
939:
2150:"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1955–1957, Southeast Asia, Volume XXII - Office of the Historian"
1472:
2594:
2579:
2463:
1824:, the Dutch had to disband the reinstated KNIL, and the native soldiers had the choice of either being
1714:
1427:
165:
2295:
1920:
1578:
2149:
1864:'s capture and execution by Indonesian authorities. The exiled government continues to exist, with
1741:
1694:
1558:
979:
131:
2619:
2438:
2371:
1760:
1745:
725:
494:
2185:
1693:
was a combined Indonesian military operation which aimed to seize and annex the self proclaimed
2361:
1802:
1706:
2206:
607:
2315:
1829:
1482:
1209:
674:
2198:
2513:
2162:
1510:
1273:
1236:
1189:
1119:
1089:
1059:
1029:
646:
177:
8:
2448:
2443:
2320:
1857:
1841:
1328:
1293:
1159:
1079:
949:
511:
499:
1832:. Due to a deep distrust of the Republican leadership, which was predominantly Javanese
1728:
2528:
2495:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2398:
2330:
1533:
1518:
1179:
1149:
1069:
989:
822:
590:
549:
450:
445:
433:
428:
2123:
2071:
2045:
657:
2518:
2468:
2433:
2310:
2270:
2210:
2199:
1996:
1971:
1910:
1905:
1368:
1348:
1129:
1019:
1009:
969:
704:
615:
542:
536:
489:
1753:
1652:
1528:
1283:
1109:
1099:
792:
283:
266:
249:
193:
1759:
The independence declaration said the South Moluccas no longer felt secure within
2473:
2423:
2403:
2386:
2225:
1523:
1264:
1139:
1039:
999:
832:
566:
560:
475:
455:
440:
372:
300:
20:
2016:
2523:
2458:
2381:
1877:
1865:
1861:
1825:
1749:
1199:
1169:
1049:
872:
802:
529:
470:
215:
2573:
2548:
2480:
2428:
1809:
852:
554:
505:
460:
235:
220:
189:
1860:
moved to the Netherlands in 1966, following resistance leader and president
842:
772:
735:
75:
2533:
1710:
959:
882:
684:
2558:
1881:
1744:
in Ambon and Seram on 25 April 1950. The declaration was led by former
902:
43:
912:
862:
812:
715:
118:
49:
1876:
The Proclamation of the RMS has been a subject on the agenda of the
2538:
1893:
694:
2017:"Amboinese Secede From Indonesia In New Federation's Forth Revolt"
2543:
2393:
1793:
1772:
782:
422:
153:
2165:
Video footage showing the official ceremony disbanding the KNIL.
2553:
1833:
1725:
and 100 from the various states according to their populations.
892:
1939:
A De Zuidmolukse Republiek, published in 1977 by Bung Penonton
16:
Indonesian military operation against Republic of South Maluku
2186:
https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011155482:mpeg21:a0019
1797:
762:
2163:
De plechtigheden in Djakarta bij de opheffing van het KNIL.
1837:
1776:
19:For the Japanese invasion during World War II, see
2255:
1991:Cribb, Robert; Kahin, Audrey (15 September 2004).
402:
2571:
1713:recognized the independence of the Republic of
2098:"Indonesia takes amboina, says revolt is over"
1732:Republic of United States of Indonesia (RUSI).
2326:United Nations Security Council Resolution 27
2241:
1868:as its incumbent president since April 2010.
1670:
388:
2281:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
2201:Kopassus: Inside Indonesia's Special Forces
1970:. Buijten & Schipperheijn. p. 25.
2248:
2234:
1990:
1740:(KNIL) - declared the independence of the
1721:consisting of 50 representatives from the
1677:
1663:
395:
381:
66:(1 month, 1 week and 1 day)
1717:(RUSI). The RUSI was a federation with a
2124:"Invasion of Ambon by Indonesian forces"
1965:
1771:On 17 August 1950, Indonesian President
1756:was made president of the new republic.
1727:
2615:Military operations involving Indonesia
2341:Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference
2205:. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing. p.
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
301:
2572:
2196:
2072:"First-Hand Accound of Ambon Invasion"
2229:
1995:. Scarecrow Press. pp. 372–373.
376:
1952:
1815:
1782:
2104:. Associated Press. 4 November 1950
1779:and a part of the island of Ceram.
13:
2486:Yogyakarta and Surakarta Offensive
2367:Royal Netherlands East Indies Army
1993:Historical Dictionary of Indonesia
1750:Christiaan Robbert Steven Soumokil
1738:Royal Netherlands East Indies Army
96:Moluccas incorporated by Indonesia
14:
2651:
2491:General Offensive of 1 March 1949
2026:. Associated Press. 27 April 1950
1880:, but was displaced there by the
1871:
2357:Indonesian National Armed Forces
2294:
1916:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
1646:
656:
356:
346:
329:
319:
293:
276:
259:
242:
234:
227:
219:
209:
183:
171:
159:
147:
124:
111:
42:
2605:Indonesia–Netherlands relations
2190:
2178:
2168:
2156:
1719:People’s Representative Council
1705:Following the Dutch-Indonesian
2610:Indonesian National Revolution
2377:Kalimantan Physical Revolution
2257:Indonesian National Revolution
2142:
2116:
2090:
2064:
2038:
2009:
1984:
1933:
1822:Indonesian National Revolution
1359:French and British interregnum
406:Indonesian National Revolution
64:28 September – 5 November 1950
52:and troops patrolling in Ambon
36:Indonesian National Revolution
1:
2276:Indonesian National Awakening
1946:
1700:
34:Part of the aftermath of the
2286:Proclamation of Independence
1851:
1247:Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow
7:
2197:Conboy, Kenneth J. (2003).
1899:
1828:or joining the army of the
754:Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms
10:
2656:
1715:United States of Indonesia
1428:United States of Indonesia
1265:Chinese Kongsi federations
233:Isaac Julius Tamaëla
166:Alexander Evert Kawilarang
18:
2506:
2349:
2336:Roem–Van Roijen Agreement
2303:
2292:
2263:
1921:Maluku sectarian conflict
1887:
1579:Javanese historical texts
414:
366:
339:
312:
299:Adjudant Siwabessy (
137:
104:
56:
41:
33:
28:
2640:Wars involving Indonesia
2625:Republic of South Maluku
1968:De Zuidmolukse Republiek
1926:
1742:Republic of South Maluku
1695:Republic of South Maluku
1339:Dutch East India Company
980:Samudera Pasai Sultanate
581:Yogyakarta and Surakarta
132:Republic of South Maluku
2630:Separatism in Indonesia
2454:South Sulawesi campaign
2439:East Sumatra revolution
1966:Penonton, Bung (1977).
1761:State of East Indonesia
282:Adjudant Tahapary
2635:Invasions by Indonesia
2585:20th-century conflicts
2362:Royal Netherlands Army
1733:
1707:Round Table Conference
1390:Emergence of Indonesia
367:5,000 civilians killed
265:Adjudant Sopacua
138:Commanders and leaders
2600:Former Dutch colonies
2316:Linggadjati Agreement
1830:Republic of Indonesia
1731:
1723:Republic of Indonesia
1445:Republic of Indonesia
1311:European colonization
1210:Riau-Lingga Sultanate
340:Casualties and losses
2514:Abdul Haris Nasution
2464:Dutch police actions
1653:Indonesia portal
1274:Heshun Confederation
1190:Yogyakarta Sultanate
1120:Kalinyamat Sultanate
1090:Sultanate of Jailolo
1060:Sultanate of Ternate
773:Tarumanagara Kingdom
178:Abdul Haris Nasution
2590:Cold War rebellions
2449:Battle of Margarana
2444:Bandung Sea of Fire
2321:Denpasar Conference
2128:The West Australian
2076:The West Australian
2046:"Invasion of Ambon"
1858:government in exile
1418:National Revolution
1408:Japanese occupation
1294:Santiaogou Republic
1160:Palembang Sultanate
1080:Sultanate of Tidore
950:Peureulak Sultanate
883:Dharmasraya Kingdom
2529:Raymond Westerling
2496:Siege of Surakarta
2419:Battle of Surabaya
2414:Battle of Ambarawa
2409:Battle of Semarang
2399:Battle of Kotabaru
2331:Renville Agreement
2304:Diplomatic efforts
2078:. 13 December 1950
1734:
1497:1998–present
1398:National Awakening
1228:Christian kingdoms
1194:1755–present
1184:1745–present
1180:Surakarta Sunanate
1150:Kingdom of Kaimana
1104:1526–present
1070:Sultanate of Bacan
990:Pagaruyung Kingdom
931:Islamic sultanates
823:Shailendra Dynasty
86:Indonesian victory
2595:Conflicts in 1950
2580:1950 in Indonesia
2567:
2566:
2519:Hubertus van Mook
2469:Operation Product
2434:Lengkong incident
2311:Malino Conference
2271:Dutch East Indies
2052:. 23 October 1950
1911:Operation Trikora
1906:Makassar Uprising
1816:Dutch involvement
1783:Invasion of Ambon
1748:justice minister
1691:Invasion of Ambon
1687:
1686:
1501:
1500:
1453:Liberal democracy
1436:
1435:
1381:
1380:
1369:Dutch East Indies
1302:
1301:
1255:
1254:
1237:Larantuka Kingdom
1218:
1217:
1130:Mataram Sultanate
1030:Cirebon Sultanate
1010:Malacca Sultanate
970:Ternate Sultanate
921:
920:
903:Singhasari Empire
897:1000s–1300s
863:Kahuripan Kingdom
744:
743:
629:
628:
371:
370:
100:
99:
29:Invasion of Ambon
2647:
2298:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2204:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2130:. 5 October 1950
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2102:The Evening Star
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2021:
2013:
2007:
2006:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1963:
1940:
1937:
1754:Johanis Manuhutu
1679:
1672:
1665:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1463:Guided Democracy
1449:
1448:
1394:
1393:
1315:
1314:
1284:Lanfang Republic
1270:
1269:
1233:
1232:
1154:1600s–1926
1144:1528s–1877
1110:Banjar Sultanate
1100:Banten Sultanate
1084:1500s–1967
1000:Brunei Sultanate
936:
935:
913:Majapahit Empire
813:Srivijaya Empire
793:Kalingga Kingdom
759:
758:
726:Toba catastrophe
709:94,000–12,000 BP
680:
679:
660:
650:
632:
631:
409:
407:
397:
390:
383:
374:
373:
361:
360:
359:
351:
350:
349:
334:
333:
332:
324:
323:
322:
303:
298:
297:
296:
288:
281:
280:
279:
271:
264:
263:
262:
254:
248:A. Nanlohy
247:
246:
245:
238:
232:
231:
230:
223:
214:
213:
212:
198:
188:
187:
186:
176:
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174:
164:
163:
162:
152:
151:
150:
130:
128:
127:
117:
115:
114:
58:
57:
48:Indonesian Army
46:
26:
25:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2502:
2474:Operation Kraai
2424:Kolaka incident
2404:Battle of Medan
2387:Battle of Kumai
2345:
2299:
2290:
2259:
2254:
2224:
2217:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2169:
2161:
2157:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2105:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2055:
2053:
2050:The Cairns Post
2044:
2043:
2039:
2029:
2027:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2003:
1989:
1985:
1978:
1964:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1902:
1890:
1874:
1854:
1818:
1785:
1703:
1683:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1548:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1513:
1503:
1502:
1487:1967–1998
1477:1966–1967
1467:1959–1966
1457:1950–1959
1446:
1438:
1437:
1432:1949–1950
1422:1945–1949
1412:1942–1945
1402:1908–1942
1391:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1376:1945–1949
1375:
1374:1800–1942
1363:1806–1816
1353:1685–1824
1343:1602–1799
1333:1521–1677
1323:1512–1850
1312:
1304:
1303:
1298:1777–1853
1288:1777–1884
1278:1776–1854
1267:
1257:
1256:
1230:
1220:
1219:
1214:1824–1911
1204:1814–1946
1174:1725–1946
1164:1659–1823
1140:Johor Sultanate
1134:1586–1755
1124:1527–1599
1114:1526–1863
1094:1496–1903
1074:1515–1946
1064:1486–1914
1054:1496–1903
1044:1475–1554
1040:Demak Sultanate
1034:1445–1677
1024:1405–1851
1014:1400–1511
1004:1368–1888
994:1347–1833
984:1267–1521
974:1257–1914
964:1225–1613
940:Spread of Islam
933:
923:
922:
917:1293–1527
907:1222–1292
887:1183–1347
877:1045–1221
867:1019–1045
833:Mataram Kingdom
756:
746:
745:
677:
648:
641:
630:
625:
471:West Kalimantan
410:
405:
403:
401:
357:
355:
347:
345:
330:
328:
320:
318:
308:
294:
292:
284:
277:
275:
267:
260:
258:
250:
243:
241:
228:
226:
210:
208:
202:
194:
184:
182:
172:
170:
160:
158:
148:
146:
125:
123:
112:
110:
92:
78:
65:
47:
24:
21:Battle of Ambon
17:
12:
11:
5:
2653:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2620:Maluku Islands
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2524:Mohammad Hatta
2521:
2516:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2483:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2461:
2459:3 March affair
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2382:Dayak Desa War
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2350:Armed conflict
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2253:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2230:
2223:
2222:
2215:
2189:
2177:
2167:
2155:
2141:
2115:
2089:
2063:
2037:
2024:New York Times
2008:
2002:978-0810849358
2001:
1983:
1976:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1901:
1898:
1889:
1886:
1878:United Nations
1873:
1872:United Nations
1870:
1866:John Wattilete
1862:Chris Soumokil
1853:
1850:
1817:
1814:
1784:
1781:
1746:East Indonesia
1702:
1699:
1685:
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1392:
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1373:
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1365:
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1231:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1200:Deli Sultanate
1196:
1195:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1170:Siak Sultanate
1166:
1165:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1126:
1125:
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1116:
1115:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1096:
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1086:
1085:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1050:Aceh Sultanate
1046:
1045:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1020:Sulu Sultanate
1016:
1015:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1002:
996:
995:
992:
986:
985:
982:
976:
975:
972:
966:
965:
962:
956:
955:
954:840–1292
952:
946:
945:
944:800–1600
942:
934:
929:
928:
925:
924:
919:
918:
915:
909:
908:
905:
899:
898:
895:
893:Pannai Kingdom
889:
888:
885:
879:
878:
875:
873:Kediri Kingdom
869:
868:
865:
859:
858:
857:932–1579
855:
849:
848:
847:914–1908
845:
839:
838:
837:716–1016
835:
829:
828:
825:
819:
818:
815:
809:
808:
805:
803:Melayu Kingdom
799:
798:
795:
789:
788:
785:
779:
778:
775:
769:
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765:
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751:
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623:
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594:
593:
588:
572:
571:
570:
569:
557:
552:
547:
546:
545:
533:
520:
519:
517:South Sulawesi
514:
509:
502:
497:
492:
481:
480:
479:
478:
473:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
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436:
431:
415:
412:
411:
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385:
377:
369:
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364:
363:
353:
342:
341:
337:
336:
326:
315:
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310:
309:
307:
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290:
273:
256:
239:
224:
216:Chris Soumokil
205:
203:
201:
200:
180:
168:
156:
143:
140:
139:
135:
134:
121:
107:
106:
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101:
98:
97:
94:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
74:
72:
68:
67:
62:
54:
53:
50:M3 Stuart tank
39:
38:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2652:
2641:
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2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2549:Sutan Sjahrir
2547:
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2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
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2512:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2481:Madiun Affair
2479:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2429:Cumbok affair
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
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2218:
2216:9-7995-8988-6
2212:
2208:
2203:
2202:
2193:
2187:
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2171:
2164:
2159:
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2129:
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2119:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2025:
2018:
2012:
2004:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1979:
1977:90-6064-087-X
1973:
1969:
1962:
1960:
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1956:
1951:
1936:
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1810:Slamet Rijadi
1806:
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890:
886:
884:
881:
880:
876:
874:
871:
870:
866:
864:
861:
860:
856:
854:
853:Sunda Kingdom
851:
850:
846:
844:
841:
840:
836:
834:
831:
830:
826:
824:
821:
820:
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794:
791:
790:
786:
784:
781:
780:
776:
774:
771:
770:
766:
764:
763:Kutai Kingdom
761:
760:
755:
750:
749:
739:
737:
734:
733:
729:
727:
724:
723:
720:
718:
717:
713:
712:
708:
706:
703:
702:
698:
696:
693:
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689:
687:
686:
682:
681:
676:
671:
670:
667:
664:
663:
659:
655:
654:
651:
645:
644:
639:
634:
633:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
610:
606:
605:
604:
603:
602:
592:
589:
587:
584:
583:
582:
579:
578:
577:
576:
568:
565:
564:
563:
562:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
544:
541:
540:
539:
538:
534:
532:
531:
527:
526:
525:
524:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
507:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
487:
486:
485:
477:
474:
472:
469:
468:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
435:
432:
430:
427:
426:
425:
424:
420:
419:
418:
413:
408:
398:
393:
391:
386:
384:
379:
378:
375:
365:
354:
344:
343:
338:
327:
317:
316:
311:
304:
291:
289:
287:
274:
272:
270:
257:
255:
253:
240:
237:
225:
222:
217:
207:
206:
204:
199:
197:
191:
190:Slamet Rijadi
181:
179:
169:
167:
157:
155:
145:
144:
142:
141:
136:
133:
122:
120:
109:
108:
103:
95:
90:
89:
85:
82:
81:
77:
73:
70:
69:
63:
60:
59:
55:
51:
45:
40:
37:
32:
27:
22:
2200:
2192:
2180:
2170:
2158:
2144:
2132:. Retrieved
2127:
2118:
2106:. Retrieved
2101:
2092:
2080:. Retrieved
2075:
2066:
2054:. Retrieved
2049:
2040:
2028:. Retrieved
2023:
2011:
1992:
1986:
1967:
1935:
1891:
1875:
1855:
1846:
1819:
1801:
1786:
1770:
1758:
1735:
1704:
1690:
1688:
1635:
1594:Christianity
843:Bali Kingdom
736:Buni culture
714:
699:1,000,000 BP
683:
620:
608:
598:
597:
574:
573:
559:
535:
528:
522:
521:
504:
495:East Sumatra
483:
482:
421:
416:
285:
268:
251:
195:
105:Belligerents
2534:Simon Spoor
2507:Key figures
2372:Darul Islam
1826:demobilised
1820:During the
1711:Netherlands
1559:Archaeology
1554:Agriculture
960:Aru Kingdom
685:Paleolithic
647:History of
611:coup d'Ă©tat
91:Territorial
2574:Categories
2559:Tan Malaka
1947:References
1882:Korean War
1842:Indonesian
1803:Green Caps
1701:Background
1616:Mass media
1493:Reform era
1473:Transition
1319:Portuguese
705:Flores Man
675:Prehistory
586:Yogyakarta
1852:Aftermath
1574:Education
1483:New Order
1251:1670–1950
1241:1515–1904
827:600s–900s
817:600s–1025
807:600s–1347
797:500s–600s
787:400s-500s
777:400s–500s
730:75,000 BP
716:Neolithic
649:Indonesia
591:Surakarta
550:Mergosono
523:1947–1948
512:Margarana
119:Indonesia
2539:Sudirman
1900:See also
1894:Kopassus
1752:, while
1621:Military
1599:Hinduism
1589:Buddhism
1584:Religion
1564:Currency
1547:By topic
767:350–1605
695:Java Man
666:Timeline
638:a series
636:Part of
616:Makassar
543:Rawagede
490:Lengkong
451:Surabaya
446:Ambarawa
434:Semarang
429:Kotabaru
313:Strength
71:Location
2544:Sukarno
2394:Bersiap
2264:Prelude
2175:(1991).
2134:5 March
2108:5 March
2082:5 March
2056:5 March
2030:5 March
1794:isthmus
1773:Sukarno
1609:Judaism
1569:Economy
1534:Bandung
1519:Jakarta
1511:Regions
1349:British
1329:Spanish
783:Kantoli
740:400 BCE
537:Product
530:3 March
500:Bandung
423:Bersiap
286:†
269:†
252:†
196:†
154:Sukarno
93:changes
2554:Sutomo
2213:
1999:
1974:
1888:Legacy
1834:Muslim
1709:, the
640:on the
567:Rengat
555:Madiun
506:3 July
466:Borneo
461:Cumbok
456:Kolaka
325:20,000
218:
192:
129:
116:
83:Result
2020:(PDF)
1927:Notes
1798:arson
1766:APRIS
1631:Women
1626:Sport
1604:Islam
1529:Bogor
621:Ambon
599:Post-
561:Kraai
476:Kumai
441:Medan
352:5,000
335:1,000
76:Ambon
2211:ISBN
2136:2020
2110:2020
2084:2020
2058:2020
2032:2020
1997:ISBN
1972:ISBN
1838:Java
1777:Buru
1689:The
1524:Bali
609:APRA
575:1949
484:1946
417:1945
61:Date
1790:TNI
1768:).
601:RTC
362:500
302:POW
2576::
2209:.
2207:16
2126:.
2100:.
2074:.
2048:.
2022:.
1954:^
1896:.
1697:.
2249:e
2242:t
2235:v
2219:.
2152:.
2138:.
2112:.
2086:.
2060:.
2034:.
2005:.
1980:.
1805:.
1764:(
1678:e
1671:t
1664:v
396:e
389:t
382:v
305:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
