183:. Most Turks escaped to villages and then to the mountainous. During the escape, French airplanes bombed the fleeing population. The escapees also lacked adequate drinking water in the hot summer weather. It is reported that infectious diseases contributed to the deaths of the escapees and, in one case, the
178:
In order to secure the French presence south of the railroad, the local
Turkish population in the south was forced to escape north. On 10 July 1920, a Franco-Armenian operation was carried out in the already French-controlled city of
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hospital, the only hospital of the nationalists in the Toros
Mountains, was also bombed. The mass escape continued for four days, but it later on became widespread in all cities of Çukurova and was named
142:, resettled 120,000 Armenians from Syria to Çukurova in an attempt to minimize the Turkish population, and the French army in Çukurova was supported by Armenian forces as well as a
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coast, controlling the mountainous area which covers the northern half of the French occupation zone was immensely more difficult. After the organized struggle of
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146:. Oppression of the local population by the Franco-Armenian forces began soon after the occupation. Although the French army could maintain control on the
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on 30 November 1918; however, even after the armistice, the allies continued their advance and additional territory of Turkey was allocated to
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126:. Çukurova in southern Turkey was one of the first territories in Turkey to be occupied by the allies. After the initial British landing in
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on 17 December 1918, the whole of Çukurova was occupied by
British troops. On 1 January 1919, they were replaced by the French troops.
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surrendered to the Turks, the French policy was reshaped as to keep only the territory south of the Mersin–Osmaniye railroad.
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Gauin, Maxime. "The relations between the French
Republic and the Armenian committees, from 1918 to 1923." (2020).
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278:] and Spying Activities during the Occupation of Çukurova. Journal of Gazi Academic View.
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208:, to Turkey. The French army evacuated Mersin on 3 January 1922, Adana on 5 January, and
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literally means escape) is a popular phrase referring to the escape of 40,000
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The
Tricolor Over the Taurus: The French in Cilicia and Vicinity, 1918-1922
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in 1920. French-Armenian airplanes bombed the fleeing population and the
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239:. Atatürk Supreme Council for Culture, Language and History.
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on 28 May 1920, in which the last of French troops in the
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in antiquity) is a loosely defined region in southern
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which covers most of the modern
Turkish provinces of
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United States during the
Turkish War of Independence
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154:, the French army lost control of the railroad from
271:Kemal, Çelik. (2008). French Propoganda [
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1233:Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1920s
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1203:Attacks on hospitals during armed conflicts
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16:Event of the Franco-Turkish War in 1920
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138:The French empire, which also ruled
94:, vast territories of the empire in
162:(railroad junction), and after the
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1127:Conference of London (1921–1922)
653:First Offensive of Sulaymaniyah
424:Partition of the Ottoman Empire
233:Zeidner, Robert Farrer (2005).
1228:Airstrikes conducted by France
523:Grand National Assembly (1923)
518:Grand National Assembly (1920)
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1208:Persecution of Turkish people
604:Ankara Government and Georgia
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984:Liberation of Constantinople
717:Liberation of Constantinople
358:(in Turkish). Archived from
316:(in Turkish). Archived from
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1218:Building bombings in Turkey
1107:Conference of London (1920)
410:Turkish War of Independence
110:. The war was ended by the
10:
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618:Yalova Peninsula massacres
462:Sultanahmet demonstrations
353:"Çukurova University page"
314:"Adana police office page"
134:Çukurova under French rule
1223:Hospital bombings in Asia
1213:Military history of Adana
1193:History of Adana Province
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452:Turkish National Movement
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106:empires according to the
914:Summer Offensive of 1920
707:Summer Offensive of 1920
954:Liberation of Balıkesir
755:Revolt of Ahmet Anzavur
497:Grand National Assembly
34:, Flee Flee! incident,
1137:Conference of Lausanne
1097:Treaty of Alexandropol
1054:Paris Peace Conference
302:Armenian history page
288:Online Mersin history
206:Sanjak of Alexandretta
144:British Indian brigade
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979:Bombardment of Samsun
549:Bombardment of Samsun
434:King–Crane Commission
108:Sykes–Picot Agreement
1132:Armistice of Mudanya
1112:Cilicia Peace Treaty
1044:Conference of London
152:Turkish nationalists
98:were annexed by the
54:hospital. Çukurova (
1049:San Remo conference
670:Battle of Babaçiçek
613:Samsun deportations
608:Population exchange
599:Personae non gratae
164:battle of Karboğazı
112:Armistice of Mudros
1188:Franco-Turkish War
1142:Treaty of Lausanne
745:Kuva-yi Inzibatiye
477:Balıkesir Congress
48:Franco-Turkish War
1198:French war crimes
1183:Conflicts in 1920
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959:Capture of Smyrna
735:Koçgiri rebellion
675:Özdemir Operation
665:Tal Afar uprising
566:Burning of Smyrna
482:Alaşehir Congress
429:Khilafat Movement
246:978-975-16-1767-5
40:Turkish civilians
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1102:Treaty of Moscow
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712:Chanak crisis
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556:Chanak crisis
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539:Amasya trials
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365:on 2012-03-26
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32:Kaç Kaç olayı
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869:Smyrna, 1919
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793:Alexandropol
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583:Malta exiles
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367:. Retrieved
360:the original
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341:(in Turkish)
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322:. Retrieved
318:the original
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290:(in Turkish)
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272:
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235:
199:
189:
177:
137:
85:
35:
21:
20:
18:
92:World War I
46:during the
1177:Categories
1028:Agreements
949:Dumlupınar
873:Occupation
841:Kanlıgeçit
369:2011-06-28
324:2011-06-28
216:References
192:incident.
82:Background
934:Eskişehir
929:2nd İnönü
924:1st İnönü
904:Tellidede
836:Kovanbaşı
826:Karboğazı
783:Sarıkamış
680:Köysancak
627:Campaigns
506:Elections
445:awakening
196:Aftermath
185:Belemedik
174:1920 July
52:Belemedik
1158:Timeline
1089:Assembly
1087:National
443:National
417:Concepts
338:ADD page
210:Osmaniye
102:and the
72:Osmaniye
44:Çukurova
24:incident
1064:Ottoman
1010:Ardahan
993:Georgia
939:Sakarya
894:Erbeyli
889:Bergama
831:Kaç Kaç
770:Armenia
727:Revolts
658:Taşlıca
635:British
200:In the
190:kaç kaç
124:Armenia
100:British
56:Cilicia
28:Turkish
22:Kaç Kaç
1036:Allies
1015:Batumi
899:Erikli
884:Malgaç
821:Aintab
811:Marash
803:French
760:Yozgat
692:Samsun
532:Issues
243:
160:Yenice
128:Mersin
116:Greece
104:French
74:, and
64:Mersin
60:Turkey
919:Gediz
909:Aydın
861:Greek
846:Fadıl
702:Akbaş
588:Media
363:(PDF)
356:(PDF)
181:Adana
140:Syria
120:Italy
76:Hatay
68:Adana
42:from
971:U.S.
879:Urla
816:Urfa
788:Kars
778:Oltu
241:ISBN
19:The
274:sic
158:to
36:Kaç
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255:^
223:^
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78:.
70:,
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875:)
871:(
402:e
395:t
388:v
372:.
327:.
276:?
249:.
26:(
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