70:
adopt the pronunciation of the composer's period and region. While in
Western university classics departments the reconstructed classical pronunciation has been general since around 1945, in the Anglo-American legal professions the older style of academic Latin still survives.
1508:
In many countries, these regional varieties are still in general use in schools and churches. The
Italian model is increasingly advocated in ecclesiastical contexts and now widely followed in such contexts by speakers of English, sometimes with slight variations. The
1668:
Due to xc appearing to be two separate consonants, some people eschew the standard pronunciation in favor of /kstʃ/, citation is needed for this pronunciation's authoritativeness.
112:. This is far from a complete listing and lacks the local variations exhibited through centuries, but is intended to give an outline of main characteristics of different regions.
100:
1633:
Vowel length in the traditional
English pronunciation of Latin is not determined from classical vowel length, but from syllabification and stress.
1690:
Dicționarul ortografic, ortoepic și morfologic al limbii române (Otrhographic, orthoepic, and morphologic dictionary of the
Romanian language)
1581:
1536:
178:
1553:
1541:
1724:
1697:
1750:ΛΑΤΙΝΙΚΗ ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΙΚΗ Γ' ΓΕΝΙΚΟΥ ΛΥΚΕΙΟΥ ΘΕΩΡΗΤΙΚΗ ΚΑΤΕΥΘΥΝΣΗ (Latin Grammar C Class of General Lycesum Humanitarian Studies)
1561:
23:
and post-classical age, has varied across different regions and different eras. As the respective languages have undergone
1545:
1757:
55:
16:
109:
82:
30:
Latin still in use today is more often pronounced according to context, rather than geography. For a century,
1801:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1500:
1495:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1268:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
981:
977:
972:
968:
963:
960:
957:
952:
947:
943:
938:
934:
929:
924:
911:
906:
902:
897:
892:
886:
882:
877:
872:
868:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
822:
817:
813:
808:
803:
799:
793:
789:
785:
779:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
704:
691:
686:
682:
677:
672:
668:
662:
658:
653:
648:
635:
630:
625:
621:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
483:
478:
473:
460:
455:
451:
446:
441:
437:
432:
426:
422:
417:
412:
407:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
327:
322:
317:
304:
299:
295:
290:
285:
279:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
251:
238:
225:
220:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
96:
92:
1586:
1791:
78:
34:, that is Latin with an Italianate pronunciation, has been the official pronunciation of the
1576:
31:
1515:
prescribes a silent "h", except in the two words "mihi" and "nihil", which are pronounced
8:
144:
20:
1796:
1523:(this is not universally followed). Some Anglophone singers choose to pronounce "h" as
1753:
1730:
1720:
1693:
134:
63:
168:
159:
154:
139:
129:
43:
108:
The following table shows the main differences between different regions with the
173:
164:
149:
124:
35:
183:
59:
1785:
1734:
1511:
67:
1719:. Francisco Marto de Moura, José Hamilton Maruxo. São Paulo: Editora Ática.
24:
1714:
27:, the changes have often applied to the pronunciation of Latin as well.
1659:
The unaspirated k is commonly explained to
Anglophones as "egg shells".
1643:
1177:(Polish academic for both traditional and reconstructed pronunciations)
88:
1776:. Great Falls, Montana: St. Bonaventure Publ., 1997., p. xxxviij.
47:
1609:. Oxford, UK: Harold Copeman (publisher), revised edition 1992.
1612:
McGee, Timothy J. with A G. Rigg and David N. Klausner, eds.
51:
39:
1774:
Liber
Usualis with introduction and rubrics in English
1600:
Liber
Usualis with introduction and rubrics in English
1602:. Great Falls, Montana: St. Bonaventure Publ., 1997.
87:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
1752:. ΟΕΔΒ (ΟΡΓΑΝΙΣΜΟΥ), ΥΠ. ΠΑΙΔΕΙΑΣ- ΙΤΥΕ ΔΙΟΦΑΝΤΟΣ.
1747:
1616:. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana UP, 1996.
1783:
1687:
101:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
1642:In 17th century Venice, soft c was /ts/: cf.
1582:Pronunciation of Ancient Greek in teaching
1562:Traditional Catalan pronunciation of Latin
1537:Traditional English pronunciation of Latin
1554:Traditional French pronunciation of Latin
1784:
1712:
1546:scholar German pronunciation of Latin
1226:
1216:
759:
652:
620:(Polish, the usual current value) or
200:
1692:(2 ed.). Univers Enciclopedic.
91:. For the distinction between ,
13:
1650:(for the usual spelling sitientes)
1592:
1570:
404:venī ("come", imperative singular)
46:, and this is the default of many
14:
1813:
1577:Church Slavonic § Recensions
56:historically informed performance
110:International Phonetic Alphabet
83:International Phonetic Alphabet
1772:Benedictines Of Solesmes, ed.
1766:
1741:
1713:Faraco, Carlos Emílio (2012).
1706:
1681:
1662:
1653:
1636:
1627:
1598:Benedictines Of Solesmes, ed.
470:vēnī ("I came", "I have come")
1:
1675:
1748:ΤΖΑΡΤΖΑΝΟΣ ΑΧΙΛΛΕΑΣ (2015).
7:
1530:
10:
1818:
1688:Romanian Academy (2005).
1648:Venite sicientes ad aquas
1587:Sino-Xenic pronunciations
1499:
1486:
1467:
1449:
1375:
1365:
1351:
1285:
1254:
1245:
1240:
1231:
1221:
1155:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1038:
876:
821:
812:
798:
784:
769:
754:
731:
726:
716:
690:
681:
676:
667:
657:
629:
611:
583:
568:
520:
515:
482:
477:
459:
450:
431:
416:
411:
406:
368:
345:
340:
335:
321:
289:
269:
264:
224:
215:
210:
205:
38:due to the centrality of
1620:
636:/h/or/x/,/ç/(beforee/i)
79:phonetic transcriptions
76:This article contains
54:. In the interest of
32:ecclesiastical Latin
1802:Language comparison
1614:Singing Early Music
1527:for extra clarity.
17:Latin pronunciation
1542:Traditional German
782:when not stressed)
429:when not stressed)
282:when not stressed)
58:, some singers of
1726:978-85-08-11311-8
1699:978-973-637-087-8
1605:Copeman, Harold.
1506:
1505:
1809:
1777:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1685:
1669:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1651:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1607:Singing in Latin
1566:
1558:
1550:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1502:
1497:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1270:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
983:
979:
974:
970:
965:
962:
959:
954:
949:
945:
940:
936:
931:
926:
913:
908:
904:
899:
894:
888:
884:
879:
874:
870:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
824:
819:
815:
810:
805:
801:
795:
791:
787:
781:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
706:
693:
688:
684:
679:
674:
670:
664:
660:
655:
650:
637:
632:
627:
623:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
485:
480:
475:
462:
457:
453:
448:
443:
439:
434:
428:
424:
419:
414:
409:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
329:
324:
319:
306:
301:
297:
292:
287:
281:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
253:
240:
227:
222:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
115:
114:
98:
94:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1771:
1767:
1760:
1746:
1742:
1727:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1595:
1593:Further reading
1573:
1571:Other languages
1564:
1556:
1548:
1533:
971:
106:
105:
104:
36:Catholic Church
12:
11:
5:
1815:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1792:Forms of Latin
1779:
1778:
1765:
1758:
1740:
1725:
1716:Gramática nova
1705:
1698:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1661:
1652:
1635:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1559:
1551:
1539:
1532:
1529:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1490:
1485:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1424:
1411:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1355:
1350:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1244:
1239:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1178:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1093:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1018:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
975:
966:
955:
950:
941:
932:
927:
922:
919:
915:
914:
909:
900:
895:
890:
880:
875:
866:
863:
859:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
830:
826:
825:
820:
811:
806:
797:
783:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
750:
746:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
712:
708:
707:
702:
699:
695:
694:
689:
680:
675:
666:
661:(Russian also
656:
651:
646:
643:
639:
638:
633:
628:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
592:
588:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
539:
535:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
491:
487:
486:
481:
476:
471:
468:
464:
463:
458:
449:
444:
435:
430:
420:
415:
410:
405:
402:
398:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
359:
355:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
325:
320:
315:
312:
308:
307:
302:
293:
288:
283:
273:
268:
263:
258:
249:
246:
242:
241:
236:
233:
229:
228:
223:
214:
212:/æ(ː)/(/a(ː)/)
209:
204:
199:
194:
191:
187:
186:
181:
176:
171:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
119:
99:⟩, see
75:
74:
73:
19:, both in the
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1814:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1775:
1769:
1761:
1759:9789600624144
1755:
1751:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1709:
1701:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1680:
1665:
1656:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1630:
1626:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1563:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1528:
1514:
1513:
1512:Liber Usualis
1494:
1491:
1477:
1472:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1454:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1425:
1412:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1370:
1356:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1179:
1165:
1160:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1118:
1094:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1048:
1043:
1033:
1028:
1019:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
976:
967:
956:
951:
942:
933:
928:
923:
920:
917:
916:
910:
901:
896:
891:
881:
867:
864:
861:
860:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
831:
828:
827:
807:
774:
764:
751:
748:
747:
741:
736:
721:
713:
710:
709:
703:
700:
697:
696:
647:
644:
641:
640:
634:
616:
606:
601:
596:
593:
590:
589:
578:
573:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
540:
537:
536:
530:
525:
510:
505:
500:
495:
492:
489:
488:
472:
469:
466:
465:
445:
436:
421:
403:
400:
399:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
363:
360:
357:
356:
350:
326:
316:
313:
310:
309:
303:
294:
284:
274:
259:
250:
247:
244:
243:
237:
234:
231:
230:
195:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
111:
102:
90:
86:
84:
80:
72:
69:
68:Baroque music
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
28:
26:
25:sound changes
22:
18:
1773:
1768:
1749:
1743:
1715:
1708:
1689:
1683:
1664:
1655:
1647:
1638:
1629:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1565:(in Catalan)
1510:
1507:
778:(pronounced
425:(pronounced
278:(pronounced
248:saepe, bonae
107:
95:and ⟨
77:
29:
15:
1557:(in German)
1549:(in German)
1242:/u(ː)/(/o/)
314:benedīcimus
64:Renaissance
1786:Categories
1676:References
1644:Monteverdi
1278:curriculum
665:after "c")
575:/ɡn/or/ŋn/
545:/ŋn/or/gn/
145:Portuguese
1797:Phonology
1735:783775360
1646:'s motet
1209:ut, sumus
980:(Polish:
893:/øː/,/e:/
889:(Russian)
796:(Russian)
594:hominibus
565:/ɲ/or/ɡn/
125:Classical
21:classical
1531:See also
1465:zodiacus
1386:excelsis
1346:, later
1068:ascendit
871:, later
380:/x/or/ç/
254:, later
135:Romanian
93:/ /
89:Help:IPA
60:Medieval
1521:/nikil/
1400:/kst͡ʃ/
1340:veritās
912:/ø/,/e/
869:/ɔɪ,oe/
361:pulcher
252:/aɪ,ae/
179:English
155:Catalan
140:Spanish
130:Italian
121:Example
81:in the
48:singers
44:Italian
1756:
1733:
1723:
1696:
1517:/miki/
1446:/ksts/
1441:/ksts/
1223:/y(ː)/
1143:/t͡si/
1082:/st͡ʃ/
862:oe (œ)
771:/o(ː)/
701:fīlius
541:magnum
493:agimus
385:/k(ʰ)/
245:ae (æ)
207:/a(ː)/
174:Danish
169:Uralic
165:German
160:Slavic
150:French
97:
52:choirs
1621:Notes
1456:/ksk/
1390:/ksk/
1251:/juː/
1185:/tsj/
1181:/tsi/
1171:/tsɨ/
1167:/tsi/
1138:/tsj/
1129:nātiō
1110:/sts/
993:/kʰv/
865:poena
832:sōlus
752:solum
714:Jesus
645:fides
598:/h,-/
507:/d͡ʒ/
235:cāsus
193:canis
184:Greek
85:(IPA)
40:Italy
1754:ISBN
1731:OCLC
1721:ISBN
1694:ISBN
1544:and
1519:and
1492:/ts/
1469:/dz/
1451:/ks/
1436:/ks/
1431:/ks/
1427:/ɡz/
1414:/ks/
1405:/sθ/
1395:/kʃ/
1331:/um/
1326:/əm/
1321:/om/
1316:/ʊm/
1311:/ʊm/
1307:/um/
1302:/um/
1297:/ɔm/
1287:/um/
1282:/ʊ̃/
1269:/uː/
1265:lūna
1237:/uː/
1200:/ti/
1195:/ʃi/
1175:/ti/
1162:/si/
1157:/sj/
1152:/sj/
1148:/θj/
1133:/tɪ/
1120:/sk/
1087:/sθ/
1077:/ʃː/
1072:/sk/
1012:rosa
1003:/kv/
998:/kw/
988:/kv/
982:/kf/
978:/kv/
969:/kw/
961:/kɥ/
958:/kw/
953:/kʷ/
944:/kw/
939:/kw/
935:/kv/
930:/kw/
925:/kʷ/
921:quis
907:/iː/
898:/øː/
887:/ʲo/
873:/eː/
856:/oː/
836:/oː/
818:/oʊ/
804:/oː/
794:/ʷo/
738:/dʒ/
705:/iː/
687:/aɪ/
673:/iː/
585:/ɡn/
580:/ŋn/
570:/ɡn/
560:/ɣn/
555:/ɡn/
550:/ɲɲ/
527:/dʒ/
502:/dʒ/
484:/eː/
474:/eː/
456:/iː/
442:/eː/
365:/kʰ/
342:/ts/
323:/tʃ/
300:/iː/
291:/ɛː/
256:/ɛː/
239:/aː/
221:/eɪ/
118:Sign
66:and
50:and
42:and
1525:/h/
1501:/z/
1496:/s/
1488:/z/
1483:/s/
1481:or
1479:/θ/
1474:/z/
1429:or
1422:/ʃ/
1420:or
1418:/s/
1409:/s/
1407:or
1377:/v/
1372:/ʋ/
1367:/v/
1362:/β/
1360:or
1358:/b/
1353:/v/
1348:/v/
1344:/w/
1309:or
1292:/ũ/
1256:/u/
1249:or
1247:/ʌ/
1235:or
1233:/ʊ/
1228:/u/
1218:/u/
1213:/ʊ/
1190:/ʃ/
1183:or
1173:or
1169:or
1150:or
1115:/s/
1105:/s/
1100:/ʃ/
1098:or
1096:/s/
1091:/s/
1089:or
1059:/z/
1054:/z/
1052:or
1050:/s/
1045:/s/
1040:/z/
1035:/s/
1030:/z/
1025:/z/
1023:or
1021:/s/
1016:/s/
973:/k/
964:/k/
948:/k/
946:or
937:or
905:or
903:/ɛ/
885:or
883:/ɛ/
878:/e/
851:/o/
846:/o/
841:/o/
823:/o/
816:or
814:/ɒ/
809:/ɔ/
802:or
800:/ɔ/
792:or
790:/o/
788:or
786:/ɔ/
780:/o/
776:/ɔ/
766:/ɔ/
761:/o/
756:/ɔ/
743:/ʝ/
733:/j/
728:/ʒ/
723:/x/
718:/j/
692:/i/
685:or
683:/ɪ/
678:/i/
671:or
669:/ɪ/
663:/ɨ/
659:/i/
654:/i/
649:/ɪ/
631:/h/
626:/ɣ/
624:or
622:/ɦ/
618:/x/
613:/-/
608:/h/
603:/-/
532:/g/
522:/ɡ/
517:/ʒ/
512:/x/
497:/ɡ/
479:/e/
461:/e/
454:or
452:/ɛ/
447:/ɛ/
440:or
438:/ɛ/
433:/ɛ/
427:/e/
423:/ɛ/
418:/ɛ/
413:/e/
408:/ɛ/
395:/k/
390:/k/
375:/x/
370:/k/
352:/k/
347:/s/
337:/s/
332:/s/
330:or
328:/θ/
318:/k/
305:/e/
298:or
296:/ɛ/
286:/ɛ/
280:/e/
276:/ɛ/
271:/ɛ/
266:/e/
261:/ɛ/
226:/a/
219:or
217:/æ/
202:/a/
197:/a/
1788::
1729:.
1416:,
1383:xc
1275:um
1126:ti
1065:sc
918:qu
538:gn
358:ch
62:,
1762:.
1737:.
1702:.
1462:z
1337:v
1262:ū
1206:u
1009:s
984:)
829:ō
749:o
711:j
698:ī
642:i
591:h
490:g
467:ē
401:e
311:c
232:ā
190:a
167:/
103:.
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