767:
520:
644:
20:
208:/informant; that is, he had the right to keep confidential how he had acquired objects in his possession. A Jew with this right could voluntarily divulge who had gifted, sold, or loaned him the object, but it was illegal to coerce him to say. Other provisions frequently mentioned were a permission to sell meat to Christians, or employ Christian servants. By at least some contemporary observers, the parallel infrastructure of Jews and gentiles was considered significant; in medieval Poland's
1111:
129:
197:). As with most medieval city laws, the rights were primarily targeted at regulating trade to the benefit of the local merchants and artisans, who formed the most important part of the population of many such cities. External merchants coming into the city were not allowed to trade on their own, but were instead forced to sell the goods they had brought into the city to local traders, if any wished to buy them.
2023:
204:. They were not subject to city jurisdiction. These privileges guaranteed that they could maintain communal autonomy, live according to their laws, and be subjected directly to the royal jurisdiction in matters concerning Jews and Christians. One of the provisions granted to Jews was that a Jew could not be compelled to be a
615:
popular across
Western Europe – which was based (more or less) on the ancient Roman model. Polish land owners used the location privilege known as "settlement with German law" across the country, even if there was no significant number of German settlers. Meanwhile, country people often ignorant of
1537:
610:
were granted the rights in 1243 by the duke of
Pomerania. The Law of Magdeburg implemented in Poland was different from its original German form. It was combined with a set of civil and criminal laws, and adjusted to include the
496:, practically defined the law of northern Germany, Poland and Lithuania for centuries, being the heart of the most important "family" of city laws. This role remained until the old Germanic laws were successively replaced with
789:, were formerly governed on the basis of the location privilege known as the "settlement with German law", excluding local variants of Magdeburg rights, with some of the more notable cities being, chronologically,
40:
1880:
Rozporządzenie
Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 22 października 2012 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii "Paczków - zespół staromiejski ze średniowiecznym systemem fortyfikacji"
1940:
Rozporządzenie
Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 10 grudnia 2018 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii "Stary Sącz - zespół staromiejski wraz z klasztorem Sióstr Klarysek"
1928:
Rozporządzenie
Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 22 listopada 2017 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii "Sandomierz - historyczny zespół architektoniczno-krajobrazowy"
1868:
Rozporządzenie
Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 25 kwietnia 2007 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii "Lublin - historyczny zespół architektoniczno-urbanistyczny"
79:(936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted by the local ruler. Named after the German city of
1040:, a local variant of Magdeburg rights, which prevailed in the area roughly corresponding to today's northeastern quarter of Poland, including the current Polish capital of
766:
1916:
Rozporządzenie
Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 15 marca 2017 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii "Rydzyna - założenie rezydencjonalno-urbanistyczne"
1696:
432:
Among the most advanced systems of old
Germanic law of the time, in the 13th and 14th centuries, Magdeburg rights were granted to more than a hundred cities, in
1952:
Rozporządzenie
Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 19 kwietnia 2021 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii "Tykocin - historyczny zespół miasta"
1892:
Rozporządzenie
Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 28 listopada 2008 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii "Poznań - historyczny zespół miasta"
465:
1904:
Rozporządzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 10 grudnia 2018 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii "Przemyśl - zespół staromiejski"
2007:
1809:
1781:
1732:
1682:
1654:
1601:
1573:
1508:
1615:
616:
the actual German text, practiced the old common law of Poland in private relations. Local variants of Magdeburg law were created, such as
1005:. The advantages of the Magdeburg rights were not only economic, but also political. Members of noble families were able to join the city
200:
Jews and Germans were sometimes competitors in those cities. Jews lived under privileges that they carefully negotiated with the king or
1114:
1980:
Bardach, Juliusz (1980). "Miasta na prawie magdeburskim w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim od schyłku XIV do połowy XVII stulecia".
2053:
1361:
2063:
986:
2027:
168:
146:
1256:
115:, a milestone in the urbanization of the region which prompted the development of thousands of villages and cities.
2058:
519:
1385:
528:
1964:
Zarządzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 8 września 1994 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii.
1856:
Zarządzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 8 września 1994 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii.
1395:
1266:
150:
2048:
1006:
675:. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the rights were granted to many other towns, including, chronologically,
656:
1182:
76:
2043:
1963:
1951:
1939:
1927:
1915:
1903:
1891:
1879:
1867:
1855:
1424:
461:
112:
2068:
139:
595:
775:
99:. The Magdeburg rights were adopted and adapted by numerous monarchs, including the rulers of
1825:"Development of Municipal Self-Government of Chernivtsi in the Late 18th–Early 20th Centuries"
1060:
926:
1009:
usually unchallenged. There were cases of changing the type of municipal rights, such as in
633:
212:
development policy, both German merchants and Jews were invited to settle in Polish cities.
1138:
636:
before 1268, and Poznań law, a variant of Magdeburg rights, based on the rights granted to
621:
8:
502:
60:
2001:
1803:
1775:
1726:
1676:
1648:
1595:
1567:
1502:
1412:
1056:
1045:
862:
643:
453:
445:
201:
104:
1989:
1052:, thus the original Magdeburg law was relatively rare in what is now northern Poland.
185:, Magdeburg was one of the most important trade cities, maintaining commerce with the
1391:
1262:
1095:
adopted the Southern German Nuremberg town rights, rather than the Magdeburg rights.
625:
96:
1037:
1014:
659:
in 1385, Magdeburg rights spread to Lithuania, first granted to the chief cities of
1836:
1201:
1033:
457:
182:
100:
922:
755:. Magdeburg rights in Lithuania were initially modeled after the Polish cities of
671:, although more slowly than earlier in Poland, especially late in the east and in
1222:
1142:
1018:
950:
854:
508:
108:
92:
72:
52:
44:
1636:
938:
794:
628:
in 1235, Kalisz law, a variant of the Środa law, based on the rights granted to
1746:
1029:
902:
664:
612:
489:
433:
321:
88:
1669:
Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom VII
1560:
Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom III
982:
838:
19:
2037:
1796:
Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XI
1719:
Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom VI
1588:
Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom IX
1365:
190:
186:
1768:
Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom X
1495:
Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom X
1293:
1232:
1170:
1049:
547:
1841:
1824:
1036:, as well as some cities under direct Polish and Lithuanian rule, obtained
720:
672:
194:
962:
954:
930:
870:
858:
748:
617:
535:
341:
1134:
1110:
1048:
in modern north-western Poland and other Baltic port cities were granted
906:
567:
84:
1158:
898:
846:
842:
781:
Hundreds of towns in Poland and Lithuania, some now located in Belarus,
736:
599:
1217:
1166:
1099:
1088:
910:
696:
551:
209:
153: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1178:
1150:
974:
958:
814:
539:
241:
1538:"Lokacja miasta Lublina na prawie magdeburskim – 15 sierpnia 1317 r."
1205:
942:
834:
810:
497:
441:
411:
291:
80:
1154:
1122:
1092:
1076:
1072:
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822:
798:
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648:
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587:
579:
559:
493:
271:
261:
128:
24:
1383:
1227:
1080:
998:
994:
978:
890:
732:
700:
607:
603:
477:
401:
251:
850:
724:
1174:
1162:
1130:
1022:
990:
970:
946:
894:
882:
786:
752:
712:
708:
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583:
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437:
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381:
311:
231:
1994:
Miasta i miasteczka magdeburskie w woj. wileńskim i nowogródzkim
1697:"12. februāris, 1670. gads – Jēkabpils pilsētas dzimšanas diena"
866:
818:
2022:
1197:
1146:
1064:
1041:
1002:
934:
886:
830:
826:
802:
790:
782:
760:
728:
704:
680:
676:
668:
629:
449:
361:
331:
281:
1390:. CUP (Cambridge University Press) Archive. pp. 133–136.
1193:
1068:
918:
914:
878:
874:
806:
771:
716:
692:
591:
571:
543:
421:
371:
83:, these town charters were perhaps the most important set of
28:
538:
in 1211. Soon many towns were vested with the law including
534:
The first town to be granted Magdeburg rights in Poland was
1431:
1189:
1126:
1084:
966:
744:
684:
488:
law. Since the local tribunal of Magdeburg also became the
351:
301:
1520:
1518:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1102:
was granted Magdeburg rights by the Austrian authorities.
1137:, considerably developed under the Magdeburg rights, are
1460:
1458:
1317:
1315:
1515:
1470:
1344:
1342:
1616:"Memorial sign to the King of Poland Stephen Bathory"
1455:
1443:
1312:
1059:, the first town to receive the Magdeburg rights was
1339:
1327:
507:
in the centuries after its establishment during the
1364:. Belteleradiocompany. 29 July 2009. Archived from
985:. The rights reached the easternmost cities of the
1362:"Magdeburg Rights granted to Minsk 510 years ago"
1258:East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500
2035:
1298:World History in Documents: A Comparative Reader
1261:. University of Washington Press. p. 328.
1188:There are memorials to the Magdeburg rights in
514:
1384:Oskar Halecki; W: F. Reddaway; J. H. Penson.
1822:
480:. In these lands they were mostly known as
2006:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1808:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1780:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1731:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1681:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1653:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1600:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1572:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1507:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
492:for these towns, Magdeburg, together with
27:, Poland's medieval capital; inscribed in
1988:
1840:
1798:(in Polish). Warszawa. 1890. p. 247.
1770:(in Polish). Warszawa. 1889. p. 899.
1721:(in Polish). Warszawa. 1885. p. 146.
1671:(in Polish). Warszawa. 1886. p. 600.
1590:(in Polish). Warszawa. 1888. p. 156.
1562:(in Polish). Warszawa. 1882. p. 455.
1524:
1497:(in Polish). Warszawa. 1889. p. 133.
1481:
1449:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1321:
1291:
1287:
1285:
1044:. In addition to this, many towns in the
169:Learn how and when to remove this message
1250:
1248:
1109:
765:
642:
518:
18:
1979:
1464:
1437:
1348:
1333:
770:Act of granting of Magdeburg rights to
523:Act of granting of Magdeburg rights to
95:developed during many centuries in the
2036:
1984:(in Polish). Vol. 87, no. 1.
1635:
1372:
1294:"Magdeburg Law 1261: Northern Germany"
1282:
1254:
1245:
647:Confirmation of Magdeburg rights for
215:
151:adding citations to reliable sources
122:
1894:, Dz. U., 2008, vol. 219, No. 1401
1387:The Law of Magdeburg used in Poland
1079:(1369). Towns and cities including
13:
1025:from Chełmno to Magdeburg rights.
14:
2080:
2015:
1870:, Dz. U., 2007, vol. 86, No. 574
1300:. New York University Press, 1998
2021:
1115:Monument to the Magdeburg Rights
193:, and the interior (for example
127:
91:. They became the basis for the
1973:
1966:, M.P., 1994, vol. 50, No. 425
1957:
1945:
1933:
1921:
1909:
1897:
1885:
1873:
1861:
1858:, M.P., 1994, vol. 50, No. 417
1849:
1816:
1788:
1760:
1739:
1711:
1689:
1661:
1629:
1608:
1580:
1552:
1530:
1487:
655:Following the formation of the
640:by Bolesław the Pious in 1253.
620:based on the rights granted to
138:needs additional citations for
1354:
987:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
1823:Dobrzhanskyi, Serhii (2019).
1643:(in Polish). Lwów. p. 7.
1238:
602:in the 13th century, whereas
466:Christianization of Lithuania
118:
2054:Law of the Holy Roman Empire
1183:Historic Monuments of Poland
515:Implementation across Europe
7:
1831:(in English and Romanian).
1641:Wolne miasto handlowe Brody
1211:
1105:
500:under the influence of the
10:
2085:
1942:, Dz. U., 2018, No. 2415
1930:, Dz. U., 2017, No. 2273
1906:, Dz. U., 2018, No. 2419
1882:, Dz. U., 2012, No. 1240
763:, and then after Vilnius.
77:Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
2064:Urban planning in Germany
1954:, Dz. U., 2021, No. 768
1918:, Dz. U., 2017, No. 662
651:by King Władysław IV Vasa
468:), including present-day
1255:Sedlar, Jean W. (1994).
1028:Most towns ruled by the
462:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
2059:Legal history of Poland
657:Polish–Lithuanian union
1982:Kwartalnik Historyczny
1842:10.4316/CC.2019.02.004
1747:"Герб города Рославля"
1118:
778:
652:
531:
181:Being a member of the
64:
56:
48:
32:
16:Set of town privileges
1440:, pp. 24–25, 48.
1113:
1098:In 1832, the city of
1063:in 1237, followed by
769:
646:
529:Władysław II Jagiełło
522:
22:
2049:History of Magdeburg
2030:at Wikimedia Commons
1181:are also designated
1139:World Heritage Sites
147:improve this article
927:Nowogród Siewierski
503:Reichskammergericht
75:first developed by
1996:(in Polish). Lida.
1119:
1057:Kingdom of Hungary
1046:Duchy of Pomerania
1013:from Magdeburg to
863:Kamieniec Podolski
779:
774:in Poland by King
653:
634:Bolesław the Pious
532:
527:in Poland by King
223:Modern major city
57:Prawo magdeburskie
33:
2026:Media related to
1829:Codrul Cosminului
1121:The old towns of
776:Władysław IV Vasa
626:Henry the Bearded
430:
429:
216:Spread of the law
179:
178:
171:
97:Holy Roman Empire
49:Magdeburger Recht
2076:
2044:Magdeburg rights
2028:Magdeburg rights
2025:
2011:
2005:
1997:
1992:, Wanda (1938).
1985:
1967:
1961:
1955:
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1319:
1310:
1309:
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1280:
1279:
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1275:
1252:
1055:In the medieval
1034:Duchy of Masovia
220:
219:
183:Hanseatic League
174:
167:
163:
160:
154:
131:
123:
93:German town laws
71:) were a set of
65:Magdeburgo teisė
43:
36:Magdeburg rights
23:City charter of
2084:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2077:
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2074:
2073:
2034:
2033:
2018:
1999:
1998:
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1398:
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1373:
1368:on 5 June 2011.
1360:
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1301:
1292:Peter Stearns.
1290:
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1269:
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1246:
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1223:German town law
1214:
1143:Kazimierz Dolny
1108:
1019:Bielsk Podlaski
855:Kazimierz Dolny
517:
509:Imperial Reform
476:, and probably
464:(following the
218:
175:
164:
158:
155:
144:
132:
121:
73:town privileges
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2069:Otto the Great
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2051:
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2031:
2017:
2016:External links
2014:
2013:
2012:
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1835:(2): 305–306.
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1525:Rewieńska 1938
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1322:Rewieńska 1938
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1104:
1061:Székesfehérvár
1038:Chełmno rights
1030:Teutonic Order
1015:Chełmno rights
1001:, now part of
613:urban planning
516:
513:
490:superior court
434:Central Europe
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67:; also called
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2020:
2019:
2009:
2003:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1965:
1960:
1953:
1948:
1941:
1936:
1929:
1924:
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1893:
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1637:Barącz, Sadok
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1539:
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1527:, p. 12.
1526:
1521:
1519:
1510:
1504:
1496:
1490:
1484:, p. 11.
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718:
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694:
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686:
682:
678:
674:
673:private towns
670:
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645:
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635:
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191:Baltic states
188:
187:Low Countries
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136:This section
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102:
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90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
69:Magdeburg Law
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
37:
30:
26:
21:
1993:
1981:
1974:Bibliography
1959:
1947:
1935:
1923:
1911:
1899:
1887:
1875:
1863:
1851:
1832:
1828:
1818:
1795:
1790:
1767:
1762:
1750:. Retrieved
1741:
1718:
1713:
1701:. Retrieved
1699:(in Latvian)
1691:
1668:
1663:
1640:
1631:
1619:. Retrieved
1610:
1587:
1582:
1559:
1554:
1542:. Retrieved
1532:
1494:
1489:
1465:Bardach 1980
1452:, p. 7.
1445:
1438:Bardach 1980
1433:
1401:. Retrieved
1386:
1366:the original
1356:
1349:Bardach 1980
1334:Bardach 1980
1329:
1324:, p. 6.
1302:. Retrieved
1297:
1272:. Retrieved
1257:
1187:
1120:
1097:
1054:
1027:
989:, including
939:Krzemieńczuk
795:Zielona Góra
780:
654:
622:Środa Śląska
533:
501:
485:
481:
440:, including
431:
205:
199:
195:Braunschweig
180:
165:
156:
145:Please help
140:verification
137:
68:
35:
34:
1540:(in Polish)
1421:|work=
1403:October 23,
1304:28 February
1274:October 23,
1202:Veiviržėnai
1075:(1271) and
983:Marijampolė
951:Stanisławów
839:Częstochowa
436:apart from
206:Gewährsmann
2038:Categories
1397:1001288025
1268:0295972904
1239:References
1233:Lübeck law
1218:Danzig law
1171:Stary Sącz
1167:Sandomierz
1100:Chernivtsi
1089:Bratislava
1050:Lübeck law
1007:patriciate
911:Daugavpils
697:Novogrudok
552:Sandomierz
548:Inowrocław
210:royal city
119:Provisions
61:Lithuanian
2002:cite book
1990:Rewieńska
1804:cite book
1776:cite book
1727:cite book
1677:cite book
1649:cite book
1596:cite book
1568:cite book
1503:cite book
1423:ignored (
1413:cite book
1206:Vinnytsia
1017:, and in
963:Białystok
955:Jēkabpils
943:Vinnytsia
931:Czernihów
903:Płoskirów
871:Żytomierz
835:Wieliczka
811:Bydgoszcz
749:Kėdainiai
618:Środa law
536:Złotoryja
511:of 1495.
498:Roman law
454:Pomerania
442:Schleswig
412:Vinnytsia
292:Bydgoszcz
159:June 2013
113:Lithuania
81:Magdeburg
41:‹See Tfd›
1639:(1865).
1228:Kulm law
1212:See also
1159:Przemyśl
1106:Heritage
1081:Bardejov
1071:(1248),
1067:(1238),
999:Starodub
995:Smolensk
979:Cherkasy
899:Augustów
891:Tarnopol
847:Przemyśl
843:Jarosław
737:Šiauliai
733:Nyasvizh
701:Rechytsa
608:Stargard
604:Szczecin
600:Racibórz
596:Piotrków
486:Teutonic
478:Moldavia
402:Smolensk
252:Szczecin
87:laws in
85:medieval
1179:Wrocław
1175:Tykocin
1163:Rydzyna
1151:Paczków
1131:Vilnius
1117:in Kyiv
1023:Tykocin
991:Roslavl
975:Telšiai
971:Palanga
959:Suwałki
947:Poltava
895:Rydzyna
883:Siedlce
815:Rzeszów
787:Ukraine
753:Vitebsk
713:Mogilev
709:Barysaw
689:Polotsk
661:Vilnius
584:Legnica
576:Sieradz
564:Bochnia
556:Gniezno
540:Wrocław
525:Kobylin
474:Ukraine
470:Belarus
458:Prussia
446:Bohemia
438:Germany
392:Vitebsk
382:Mogilev
312:Vilnius
242:Wrocław
232:Leipzig
202:emperor
105:Hungary
101:Bohemia
1752:6 June
1703:6 June
1621:6 June
1544:6 June
1394:
1265:
1198:Tetiiv
1155:Poznań
1147:Lublin
1141:, and
1135:Zamość
1123:Kraków
1093:Košice
1077:Žilina
1073:Levoča
1065:Trnava
1042:Warsaw
1011:Błonie
1003:Russia
935:Nizhyn
907:Zamość
887:Leszno
831:Krosno
827:Kielce
823:Będzin
803:Olkusz
799:Tarnów
791:Lublin
783:Latvia
761:Lublin
757:Kraków
741:Biržai
729:Alytus
705:Slonim
681:Grodno
677:Trakai
669:Kaunas
649:Biržai
638:Poznań
630:Kalisz
588:Opatów
580:Kraków
568:Głogów
560:Poznań
494:Lübeck
482:German
460:, the
450:Poland
362:Grodno
332:Kaunas
282:Lublin
272:Kraków
262:Poznań
189:, the
111:, and
109:Poland
53:Polish
45:German
25:Kraków
1194:Minsk
1069:Nitra
919:Orsza
915:Brody
879:Kowel
875:Rivne
851:Chełm
807:Sanok
772:Praga
725:Pińsk
717:Mazyr
693:Minsk
665:Brest
592:Konin
572:Bytom
544:Opole
426:1670
422:Homel
416:1640
406:1611
396:1597
386:1577
376:1499
372:Minsk
366:1496
356:1494
346:1423
336:1408
326:1390
322:Brest
316:1387
306:1356
296:1346
286:1317
276:1257
266:1253
256:1243
246:1242
236:1165
226:Year
29:Latin
2008:link
1810:link
1782:link
1754:2024
1733:link
1705:2024
1683:link
1655:link
1623:2024
1602:link
1574:link
1546:2024
1509:link
1425:help
1405:2012
1392:ISBN
1306:2014
1276:2012
1263:ISBN
1204:and
1190:Kyiv
1177:and
1133:and
1127:Lviv
1091:and
1085:Buda
1032:and
1021:and
997:and
981:and
967:Uman
867:Łuck
859:Łódź
819:Lwów
785:and
759:and
751:and
745:Lida
685:Kyiv
667:and
606:and
472:and
352:Kyiv
342:Łódź
302:Lviv
1837:doi
721:Mir
632:by
624:by
484:or
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31:.
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