2280:
1139:
913:
1022:
2098:
1073:
1208:
997:
1242:
2192:
1821:
1766:
1732:
2226:
1988:
1749:
1191:
963:
1920:
2043:
1715:
1554:
1172:
1971:
1937:
1293:
1098:
1056:
2115:
1859:
1800:
1311:
2150:
1609:
1487:
1225:
980:
896:
2297:
1876:
1419:
1276:
1259:
946:
879:
2132:
1954:
1698:
1626:
1783:
1681:
1470:
2060:
1453:
1115:
1436:
1580:
2077:
1838:
1039:
1894:
1385:
1643:
2005:
1513:
712:
to promoting and enhancing scientific research in the country. The SCJ represents all
Japanese scientists, researchers and engineers from multiple fields from the natural sciences to the humanities, making necessary policy recommendations relating to science and technology to the national government.
89:
bodies with which the government has agreed to negotiate, and which may receive government financial support while retaining substantial independence. In some countries, a single academy covers all disciplines. In others, there are several academies, which work together more or less closely; for
135:
The academy is independent of government, industry and professional associations. Most, if not all, academies derive some financial support from some or all of these other organisations but this support needs to be given in a manner that does not compromise the academy's
118:, the national academies have considerable power over policy and personnel in their areas. There is, however, a growing consensus among international federations of learned academies that bona fide national (or learned) academies need to adhere to certain criteria:
2313:
Within most countries, the unqualified phrase "National
Academy" will normally refer to that country's academy. For example, within the United States, the plural phrase "National Academies" is widely understood to refer to the U.S. National Academies.
815:
The Japan
Academy was originally established as the Tokyo Academy, becoming the Imperial Academy later in 1907. The Academy awards three prestigious awards: The Imperial Prize, The Duke of Edinburgh Prize, and The Japan Academy Prize.
1217:
2171:
474:
The
British Academy was first proposed in 1899 as the British Academy for the Promotion of Historical, Philosophical and Philological Studies. The name was subsequently shortened and incorporated in 1901, receiving
2175:
387:
The
Invisible College was a precursor to the Royal Society of London. In 1660, the informal committee of 12 philosophers formed the College for the Promoting of Physico-Mathematical Experimental Learning.
77:
in individual disciplines will liaise with or be coordinated by the national academy. National academies play an important organisational role in academic exchanges and collaborations between countries.
1006:
1758:
2464:
1124:
81:
The extent of official recognition of national academies varies between countries. In some cases they are explicitly or de facto an arm of government; in others, as in the
926:
1906:
is the main organising body for fundamental sciences and humanities. There are also five independent specialised national academies: Russian
Academy of Medical Sciences,
1907:
156:
2030:
1031:
2413:"The evolving role of the US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in providing science and technology policy advice to the US government"
2179:
2584:
2034:
2167:
2390:
1741:
1010:
159:(NASEM). The affiliated organizations were granted congressional charters to operate under the National Academy of Sciences. In 1916 President
2361:
2022:
2554:
2524:
1929:
1268:
2486:
934:
2643:
2239:
1830:
1589:
1332:
1320:
1200:
2460:
2306:
2052:
1635:
1251:
164:
1792:
1156:
2251:
2159:
1775:
1522:
989:
972:
1980:
1690:
1534:
2637:
2255:
2069:
1445:
1428:
1234:
905:
132:
The governance of the academy is democratic and "bottom up". The fellowship is the ultimate source of the academy's authority
2323:
2259:
2183:
1963:
930:
2163:
1601:
1181:
1164:
1086:
2235:
1997:
1462:
1152:
521:
1868:
2090:
1668:
506:
17:
2243:
1526:
1129:
1090:
239:
171:
member organizations: the
National Academy of Sciences (NAS), the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), and the
2289:
1724:
1563:
1160:
888:
146:
713:
The SCJ has 210 Council
Members stipulated by a mandated quota as well as 2,000 Associate Members nationwide.
2333:
2263:
2029:
is the organising body for
History; the Royal Academy of Moral and Political Sciences covers the humanities;
1496:
1065:
1048:
922:
870:
115:
2576:
2247:
2209:
2026:
1813:
1285:
955:
488:
307:
261:
217:
172:
2670:
2213:
2141:
2124:
1903:
1809:
1707:
1597:
1593:
1302:
1148:
864:
541:
516:
299:
2271:
1946:
1851:
1847:
1530:
1479:
1410:
393:
323:
2267:
1107:
2382:
2014:
938:
741:
690:
675:
578:
315:
2353:
2546:
2516:
1911:
1404:
1082:
705:
431:
2606:
167:
to foster scientific research emphasizing
American industries. Today NASEM is composed of three
1662:
1027:
438:
2494:
175:(after 2015; formerly Institute of Medicine (IoM)). The U.S. national academies also serve as
2625:
1672:
188:
59:
1654:
1014:
563:
512:
43:
8:
2328:
1618:
1614:
1567:
1542:
709:
701:
468:
107:
2442:
1546:
1500:
1396:
1376:
670:
In Japan, all of the national academies were established during the early years of the
180:
97:
51:
1379:
is not an academy in the sense of this article, but the state research funding agency.
129:
The number of fellows is restricted either to a total number or to a rate of accretion
2633:
2446:
2434:
1424:
821:
683:
295:
2424:
2217:
2018:
1885:
1368:
1360:
1352:
1344:
1336:
1324:
1218:
Académie des sciences, des arts, des cultures d'Afrique et des diasporas africaines
634:
331:
252:
2205:
2107:
2086:
1771:
1538:
795:
756:
623:
616:
611:
558:
480:
463:
446:
426:
303:
149:
74:
1351:) is bilingual. In the field of engineering, the Finnish Academy of Technology (
2197:
1247:
791:
752:
697:
639:
570:
291:
160:
82:
35:
2664:
2438:
2429:
2412:
2231:
2201:
1910:, Russian Academy of Education, Russian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, and
1367:) is bilingual while the Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences in Finland (
780:
679:
595:
591:
533:
529:
476:
410:
406:
377:
373:
360:
311:
230:
176:
153:
47:
2285:
1993:
111:
671:
65:
for governments or on issues of public importance, most frequently in the
1826:
1754:
1737:
1213:
799:
760:
501:
382:
274:
247:
1925:
1196:
968:
836:
807:
768:
603:
554:
459:
418:
191:
184:
168:
123:
86:
70:
62:
55:
1651:: Accademia dei Fisiocritici (National Academy of Sciences of Siena),
2048:
1720:
1559:
1177:
918:
694:
652:
126:
is elected, on the basis of excellence, by existing fellows (members)
103:
528:
The Fellowship of Engineering was conceived in the late 1960s under
2120:
1976:
1942:
1864:
1805:
1298:
1103:
1061:
832:
803:
764:
607:
422:
398:
327:
269:
39:
2302:
2155:
1881:
1492:
1441:
1316:
1281:
1264:
1230:
1002:
985:
951:
901:
884:
643:
546:
493:
451:
365:
225:
66:
1759:
Academy of Sciences of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
194:
on issues of public importance or on request by the government.
2137:
2103:
2082:
1959:
1899:
1843:
1788:
1703:
1686:
1671:(detta dei XL); a general and supreme national academy was the
1631:
1475:
1390:
1078:
1044:
91:
2630:
Historical Dictionary of Democratic People's Republic of Korea
536:
in 1983 and renamed the Royal Academy of Engineering in 1992.
2065:
2010:
1648:
1518:
1458:
1144:
1120:
844:
840:
682:. Representing the artistic profession and literature is the
583:
319:
2204:
is recognised as the national academy for the sciences, the
927:
Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering
674:. The two premier national academies in the country are the
38:
financial support and approval, that co-ordinates scholarly
1585:
599:
414:
1007:
Royal Academy of French Language and Literature of Belgium
569:
The academy was established by a working group chaired by
441:
as the Edinburgh Society for Improving Arts and Sciences.
1908:
Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences
659:
The academy was established by seven UK/Irish academies.
157:
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
2461:"Joint Academies' Statement: Building a Stronger Future"
532:, and subsequently established in 1976. It was granted
1032:
Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina
2610:
2031:
Royal Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences
1888:
covers the scientific, artistic and literary domains.
279:
Established as the Institute of Medicine (1970–2015)
2180:
National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine
2144:is funded by the government but maintains autonomy
1914:. These are government-funded, but self-governing.
34:is an organizational body, usually operating with
2662:
2208:for the social sciences and the humanities, the
2172:National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine
2577:"President of the Royal Academy of Engineering"
2168:National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine
708:jurisdiction, operating independently from the
1742:Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
1373:Svenska tekniska vetenskapsakademien i Finland
1011:Royal Academy of Dutch Language and Literature
2176:National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine
2035:Real Academia de Jurisprudencia y Legislación
2023:Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando
1660:
1652:
1930:International Academy of Sciences San Marino
1402:
1394:
1269:Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters
95:
935:Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia
1831:National Academy of Science and Technology
1590:Academy of Persian Language and Literature
1333:The Finnish Society of Science and Letters
1321:The Finnish Academy of Science and Letters
1201:Academia Nacional de Ciencias (Costa Rica)
163:reincorporated the organization under the
2428:
2307:Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
2162:. Other state organizations also include
2053:National Academy of Sciences of Sri Lanka
2033:covers natural sciences and mathematics;
1636:Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities
1252:Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
437:The Royal Society was founded during the
102:groups five self-governing Academies, or
2383:"Cooperative Research Programs Division"
1793:Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
1401:comprises five academies, including the
1157:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
106:. In many states, they are organized in
2632:. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. p. 36.
2236:National Academies of the United States
2160:National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
1776:Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts
1523:The National Academy of Sciences, India
1331:) is a Finnish-speaking academy, while
990:National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
973:Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences
14:
2663:
2467:from the original on 28 September 2017
1981:Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts
1691:Academy of Sciences and Arts of Kosovo
1535:Indian National Academy of Engineering
294:four national academies are the major
2623:
2410:
2256:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2070:Sudanese National Academy of Sciences
1429:Georgian National Academy of Sciences
1235:Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts
906:Armenian National Academy of Sciences
2587:from the original on 21 October 2017
2324:Academy of Medicine (disambiguation)
2260:American Academy of Arts and Letters
2184:Minor Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
1964:Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
931:Australian Academy of the Humanities
704:as a special organisation under the
2557:from the original on 26 August 2021
2527:from the original on 26 August 2021
2463:. The Academy of Medical Sciences.
2164:National Academy of Arts of Ukraine
2017:is the main reference body for the
1602:Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences
1182:Hong Kong Academy of the Humanities
1165:Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
1087:Canadian Academy of Health Sciences
24:
1998:Academy of Science of South Africa
1572:Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia
1463:Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences
1153:Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
173:National Academy of Medicine (NAM)
25:
2682:
2354:"Policy and Global Affairs Units"
2091:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
1669:Accademia nazionale delle scienze
1365:Akademin för Tekniska Vetenskaper
509:was Senior Fellow until his death
285:
110:. In the countries of the former
2295:
2278:
2238:include four organisations: the
2224:
2190:
2148:
2130:
2113:
2096:
2075:
2058:
2041:
2003:
1986:
1969:
1952:
1935:
1918:
1892:
1874:
1857:
1836:
1819:
1798:
1781:
1764:
1747:
1730:
1713:
1696:
1679:
1641:
1624:
1607:
1578:
1552:
1511:
1485:
1468:
1451:
1434:
1417:
1383:
1309:
1291:
1274:
1257:
1240:
1223:
1206:
1189:
1170:
1137:
1113:
1096:
1071:
1054:
1037:
1020:
995:
978:
961:
944:
911:
894:
877:
507:Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
140:
2646:from the original on 2023-07-07
2617:
2393:from the original on 2020-06-07
2364:from the original on 2020-06-05
2244:National Academy of Engineering
1869:Academia das Ciências de Lisboa
1527:Indian National Science Academy
1357:Teknillisten tieteiden akatemia
1091:Canadian Academy of Engineering
240:National Academy of Engineering
2599:
2569:
2539:
2509:
2479:
2453:
2411:Blair, Peter D. (2016-06-07).
2404:
2375:
2346:
2290:Pontifical Academy of Sciences
1725:Lithuanian Academy of Sciences
1564:Indonesian Academy of Sciences
1161:Chinese Academy of Engineering
889:Academy of Sciences of Albania
693:(SCJ) was founded by American
147:President of the United States
13:
1:
2339:
2334:International Science Council
2264:American Academy of Diplomacy
1497:Hungarian Academy of Sciences
1066:Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
1049:Brazilian Academy of Sciences
923:Australian Academy of Science
871:List of academies of sciences
314:. In addition, there are the
42:activities and standards for
2581:Royal Academy of Engineering
2551:Royal Academy of Engineering
2521:Royal Academy of Engineering
2248:National Academy of Medicine
2240:National Academy of Sciences
2210:Royal Academy of Engineering
2027:Real Academia de la Historia
2025:covers the artistic fields;
1814:Pakistan Academy of Sciences
1341:Finska vetenskaps-societeten
1286:Estonian Academy of Sciences
1125:Academia Chilena de Ciencias
956:Austrian Academy of Sciences
489:Royal Academy of Engineering
308:Royal Academy of Engineering
262:National Academy of Medicine
218:National Academy of Sciences
7:
2317:
2214:Academy of Medical Sciences
2142:Turkish Academy of Sciences
2125:Royal Institute of Thailand
1904:Russian Academy of Sciences
1810:Pakistan Academy of Letters
1708:Latvian Academy of Sciences
1598:Iranian Academy of the Arts
1594:Academy of Sciences of Iran
1149:Chinese Academy of Sciences
564:Professor Dame Anne Johnson
542:Academy of Medical Sciences
517:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent
300:Academy of Medical Sciences
10:
2687:
2272:National Academy of Design
1947:Royal Society of Edinburgh
1852:Polish Academy of Learning
1848:Polish Academy of Sciences
1675:during the Fascist period.
1531:Indian Academy of Sciences
1505:Magyar Tudományos Akadémia
1411:French Academy of Sciences
868:
862:
702:Allied occupation of Japan
432:Professor Dame Anne Glover
394:Royal Society of Edinburgh
324:Royal Society of Edinburgh
116:People's Republic of China
73:. Typically the country's
2358:www.nationalacademies.org
2268:Academy of American Poets
2252:National Research Council
2212:for engineering, and the
1661:
1653:
1403:
1395:
1329:Suomalainen tiedeakatemia
1108:Royal Academy of Cambodia
334:is for young scientists.
165:National Research Council
96:
2624:Hoare, James E. (2012).
2430:10.1057/palcomms.2016.30
2220:is for young scientists.
2037:covers the field of law.
1375:) Swedish-speaking. The
939:National Academies Forum
742:Science Council of Japan
691:Science Council of Japan
676:Science Council of Japan
665:
579:Learned Society of Wales
316:Learned Society of Wales
2417:Palgrave Communications
1912:Russian Academy of Arts
1083:Royal Society of Canada
858:
1667:for Italian language,
1663:Accademia della Crusca
1571:
1504:
1372:
1364:
1356:
1348:
1340:
1328:
1028:Bosnia and Herzegovina
439:Scottish Enlightenment
85:, they are voluntary,
2626:"Academy of Sciences"
2106:(Republic of China):
189:public administration
60:public administration
1655:Accademia dei Lincei
1015:Academies of Belgium
513:Anne, Princess Royal
352:Patron or President
108:academies of science
44:academic disciplines
2329:Academy of Sciences
1619:Royal Irish Academy
1543:National Bal Bhawan
717:
710:Government of Japan
700:in 1949 during the
469:Sir David Cannadine
181:research institutes
52:research institutes
27:Organizational body
2671:National academies
2216:for medicine; the
1673:Accademia d'Italia
1547:Lalit Kala Akademi
1405:Académie française
1397:Institut de France
1377:Academy of Finland
865:National academies
716:
522:Sir James McDonald
98:Institut de France
2639:978-0-8108-7987-4
2254:(NRC). See also
1480:Academy of Athens
1425:Georgia (country)
1349:Suomen tiedeseura
856:
855:
822:Japan Art Academy
781:The Japan Academy
684:Japan Art Academy
680:The Japan Academy
663:
662:
296:learned societies
283:
282:
152:incorporated the
75:learned societies
16:(Redirected from
2678:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2609:. Archived from
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2497:on 24 April 2014
2493:. Archived from
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2432:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2350:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2218:UK Young Academy
2196:
2194:
2193:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2019:Spanish language
2009:
2007:
2006:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1886:Romanian Academy
1880:
1878:
1877:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1666:
1665:
1658:
1657:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1399:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1303:Imperial Academy
1297:
1295:
1294:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1001:
999:
998:
984:
982:
981:
967:
965:
964:
950:
948:
947:
917:
915:
914:
900:
898:
897:
883:
881:
880:
796:natural sciences
757:natural sciences
718:
715:
706:Prime Minister's
635:UK Young Academy
519:as Royal Fellows
337:
336:
332:UK Young Academy
298:of England: the
253:John L. Anderson
197:
196:
101:
100:
69:but also in the
46:, and serve as
32:national academy
21:
18:National Academy
2686:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2649:
2647:
2640:
2622:
2618:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2588:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2558:
2547:"Royal Fellows"
2545:
2544:
2540:
2530:
2528:
2517:"Senior Fellow"
2515:
2514:
2510:
2500:
2498:
2487:"Royal Fellows"
2485:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2409:
2405:
2396:
2394:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2367:
2365:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2320:
2296:
2294:
2279:
2277:
2250:(NAM), and the
2225:
2223:
2206:British Academy
2191:
2189:
2149:
2147:
2131:
2129:
2114:
2112:
2108:Academia Sinica
2097:
2095:
2087:Swedish Academy
2076:
2074:
2059:
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753:Social sciences
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620:
617:Hywel R. Thomas
612:social sciences
559:health research
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427:social sciences
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619:as President;
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592:Hard sciences
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566:as President
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534:royal charter
531:
530:Harold Wilson
527:
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346:Year founded
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231:Marcia McNutt
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203:Year founded
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177:public policy
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141:United States
136:independence.
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2550:
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2520:
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2495:the original
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2471:26 September
2469:. Retrieved
2455:
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2357:
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1994:South Africa
688:
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112:Soviet Union
94:, where the
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2591:1 September
2561:1 September
2531:1 September
2387:www.trb.org
2246:(NAE), the
2242:(NAS), the
1827:Philippines
1755:North Korea
1738:Netherlands
1128: [
1013:; see also
850:Man Nomura
800:engineering
761:engineering
502:Engineering
383:Charles III
275:Victor Dzau
248:Engineering
192:consultants
185:think tanks
63:consultants
56:think tanks
2650:2017-02-06
2501:6 November
2423:(1): 1–7.
2397:2020-06-05
2368:2020-06-05
2340:References
1926:San Marino
1568:Indonesian
1446:Leopoldina
1197:Costa Rica
969:Azerbaijan
869:See also:
837:literature
808:humanities
769:humanities
733:President
653:scientists
626:as Patron
604:humanities
555:Biomedical
460:Humanities
419:humanities
209:President
179:advisors,
169:non-profit
124:fellowship
87:non-profit
71:humanities
50:advisors,
2447:148496966
2439:2055-1045
2049:Sri Lanka
1721:Lithuania
1560:Indonesia
1501:Hungarian
1178:Hong Kong
919:Australia
695:physicist
672:Showa Era
622:Charles,
483:in 1902.
145:In 1863,
104:Australia
90:example,
2665:Category
2644:Archived
2585:Archived
2555:Archived
2525:Archived
2465:Archived
2391:Archived
2362:Archived
2318:See also
2121:Thailand
1977:Slovenia
1943:Scotland
1865:Portugal
1806:Pakistan
1305:(former)
1299:Ethiopia
1104:Cambodia
1062:Bulgaria
847:, dance
833:Fine art
804:medicine
765:medicine
608:medicine
423:medicine
399:Scotland
343:Country
328:Scotland
322:and the
310:and the
270:Medicine
67:sciences
40:research
2303:Vietnam
2156:Ukraine
1882:Romania
1615:Ireland
1493:Hungary
1442:Germany
1369:Swedish
1361:Swedish
1353:Finnish
1345:Finnish
1337:Swedish
1325:Finnish
1317:Finland
1282:Estonia
1265:Denmark
1231:Croatia
1003:Belgium
986:Belarus
952:Austria
902:Armenia
885:Albania
746:日本学術会議
644:Ireland
547:England
494:England
452:England
366:England
290:In the
226:Science
2636:
2445:
2437:
2309:(VAST)
2300:
2283:
2234:: The
2229:
2200:: the
2195:
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2138:Turkey
2135:
2118:
2104:Taiwan
2101:
2083:Sweden
2080:
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2013:: The
2008:
1991:
1974:
1960:Serbia
1957:
1940:
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1902:: The
1900:Russia
1897:
1884:: The
1879:
1862:
1844:Poland
1841:
1824:
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1789:Norway
1786:
1769:
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1704:Latvia
1701:
1687:Kosovo
1684:
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1632:Israel
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1476:Greece
1473:
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1393:: The
1391:France
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826:日本芸術院
785:日本学士院
736:Notes
651:Young
642:&
355:Notes
330:. The
306:, the
212:Notes
187:, and
92:France
58:, and
2443:S2CID
2066:Sudan
2011:Spain
1649:Italy
1519:India
1459:Ghana
1145:China
1132:]
1121:Chile
845:drama
841:music
829:1937
788:1947
749:1949
721:Name
666:Japan
648:2022
588:2010
584:Wales
551:1998
498:1976
479:from
456:1902
403:1783
370:1660
340:Name
320:Wales
266:1970
244:1964
222:1863
200:Name
36:state
2634:ISBN
2593:2021
2563:2021
2533:2021
2503:2019
2473:2017
2435:ISSN
1586:Iran
1409:and
859:List
689:The
678:and
600:arts
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122:The
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