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22:
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had maintained a long tradition of neutrality regarding
European wars, which had been upheld and defended by all major political parties since the 19th century. One of the main reasons for this policy was related to Argentina's economic position as one of the world's leading exporters of foodstuffs
880:
after the two allied nations agreed to also purchase dried fruit and tobacco from Turkey as well. Turkey halted its sales to
Germany in April 1944 and broke off relations in August. In February 1945, after the Allies made its invitation to the inaugural meeting of the United Nations (along with the
1169:
and under the rule of the Dalai Lama, it was internationally recognized as a regional province of the
Republic of China. The Tibetan government received Allied (British and American) military officers in Lhasa in 1943. Following the end of World War II and the defeat of the Nationalists by the
871:
for metallurgy to which
Germany had limited access. The Germans wanted it, and the Allies wanted to prevent them from getting it. So, chromite was the key issue in Turkey's negotiations with both sides. Turkey would backpedal on its agreement to supply Nazi Germany with chromite. After instead
1130:
severed diplomatic contacts with
Germany on 11 September 1939, and with Japan in October 1941. Although officially neutral, the Saudis provided the Allies with large supplies of oil. Diplomatic relations with the United States were established in 1943.
840:, however, Turkey remained neutral, relying on a clause excusing them if military action might bring conflict with the USSR. In June 1941, after neighbouring Bulgaria joined the Axis and allowed Germany to move troops through to invade
1292:
sanctions. However, Argentina eventually gave in to the Allies' pressure, broke relations with the Axis powers on
January 26, 1944, and declared war on March 27, 1945. Over 4,000 Argentine volunteers fought on the Allied
934:
remained neutral throughout World War II. At the same time, Liechtenstein tied itself as closely as possible to
Switzerland during the war in hopes of retaining the country's neutrality. Just before the end of the war,
835:
was neutral until several months before the end of the war, at which point it joined the Allies. Prior to the outbreak of war, Turkey signed a Mutual Aid Pact with France and
Britain in 1939. After the German
622:, made up of Spanish volunteers to fight for the Axis. With the conflict decidedly turning in favor of the Allies, Franco returned the status of Spain to one of "vigilant neutrality" on 1 October 1943.
670:, which was not defined by international treaties, thus freeing Sweden from the restrictions of neutrality. Among other things, it allowed the Swedish government to support Finland during the
782:
held $ 440 million ($ 8 billion in 2020 currency) of Nazi gold, over half of which is believed to have been looted. It is estimated that nearly 91 tonnes (100 short tons) of Nazi gold were
762:â As in World War I, Switzerland maintained its historic neutrality. It depended on German coal, with 10 million tons imported during the war, comprising 41% of Swiss energy supplies.
704:
cipher and shared decrypted information with the Allies. Stalin was informed well in advance of Hitler's planned invasion of the Soviet Union but chose not to believe the information.
814:
662:â Before the war, Sweden and the other Nordic countries announced their planned neutrality in any large European conflict. When Finland was invaded by the Soviet Union in the
635:, Spain signed a secret deal with the United States and United Kingdom on 2 May 1944 to drastically limit tungsten exports to Germany and expel German spies from Spanish soil.
4546:
1320:â The United States remained neutral at the outbreak of World War II in compliance with the Neutrality Act of 1936 despite favoring the Allied side. However, the sudden
1105:â In order to be safe from the Allied forces, it officially declared neutrality, but this strategic decision did not last and Iran was later occupied by the Allies (see
4291:
1368:
is narrowly defined and puts specific constraints on the neutral party in return for the internationally recognized right to remain neutral. A wider concept is that of
691:
were much improved, and all such deals with
Germany were terminated. Hitler considered invading Sweden, but when Göring protested, Hitler dropped the plan. The Swedish
3892:
2612:
618:
shifted the main theater of war away from the
Mediterranean, lessening Spain's interest in intervention. The less-relevant Serrano Suñer was still able to create the
5904:
3908:
2180:
725:
forces. At the end of the war, Sweden was preparing to join the Allied invasion of Norway and Denmark if the occupying Wehrmacht forces rejected a general armistice.
378:
by the Axis. De Valera refrained from joining either side, although he generally favored and aided the Allied powers by allowing access to their naval repair yards.
371:
1175:
4235:
114:. Ireland generally favoured the Allied side, as with the United States. The United States remained officially neutral until 8 December 1941, a day following the
3831:
3803:
2947:
2365:
2390:
5883:
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4221:
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674:, allowed German soldiers on leave to travel through Sweden, and at one point allowed a combat division to travel from Norway to Finland through Sweden. The
1748:
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sought neutrality in order to keep Spain neutral and prevent it from joining the Axis. Portugal allowed the United States to use a secret military base at
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2687:
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invitations of several other nations) conditional on full belligerency, Turkey declared war on the Axis powers, but no Turkish troops ever saw combat.
4214:
3654:
3530:
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through a military agreement signed on 28 November 1944. This violated its neutrality and rendered Portugal as a non-belligerent on the Allied side.
3507:
2887:
2024:
3944:
3256:
741:
152:
98:
During World War II, the neutral powers took no official side, hoping to avoid attack. However, Portugal, Sweden, and Switzerland all helped the
1714:
125:
between Italy and the Holy See, signed in 1929, required that the Pope maintain "perpetual neutrality in international relations". Accordingly,
3763:
3065:
2697:
2503:
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233:
203:
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1139:. Saudi Arabia declared war on Germany on 28 February 1945 and Japan on 1 April 1945, but no military actions resulted from the declaration.
4655:
4511:
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2915:
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from potential invasion. Thus, they maintained the right to become belligerent if attacked while in a state of neutrality. The concept of
1252:
and provided economic assistance to the United Kingdom, the country's political tradition of neutralism prevailed. Following the Japanese
1013:
was briefly occupied by Germany on 17â20 September 1944. The occupation led the microstate to declare war on Germany on 21 September 1944.
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4391:
4335:
4298:
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286:, at the Conference of Baltic Foreign Ministers with their respective parliaments passing neutrality laws later that year. Despite that,
237:
2160:
1715:"GUARANTEE SOUGHT BY LIECHTENSTEIN; Principality Wants to Join Switzerland if Powers Fail to Back Independencece GERMAN INVASION FEARED"
955:. Liechtenstein refused to repatriate the Russians to the Soviet Union despite diplomatic pressure, being the only country to not do so.
4384:
3109:
2692:
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1325:
682:
helped the German war effort. Sweden had disarmed after World War I and was in no position to resist German threats militarily by 1940.
148:
1336:" for the Allies by giving them supplies while the country remained neutral. The U.S. remained neutral until 8 December 1941, when it
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4518:
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1337:
944:
375:
1997:
207:
5746:
3551:
3325:
3088:
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936:
793:; Switzerland also shot down Allied planes over its territory on several occasions. Throughout the war, cities in Switzerland were
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is Convention V of The Hague Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land (1907). A
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3580:
3558:
3162:
2017:
1285:
405:â Portugal was officially neutral during World War II. However, it maintained a close relationship with the UK, due to the
333:
140:
1407:
In a study of Spain, Switzerland, and Sweden during the Second World War, Eric Golson found that they engaged in economic
5588:
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370:(head of government) upon the outbreak of hostilities in Europe. It was maintained throughout the conflict, in spite of
160:
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company supplied the majority of ball-bearings used in Germany and was also important to Allied aircraft production.
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2010:
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1882:, Estudios Interdisciplinarios de AmĂ©rica Latina y el Caribe, Vol. 6 NÂș 2, jul-dic 1995, Universidad de Tel Aviv
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was a personal friend of Franklin D. Roosevelt. The Americans were then allowed to build an air force base near
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takes no side in a war between other parties, and in return hopes to avoid being attacked by either of them. A
802:
595:. From June 1940 until February 1941, the Francoist regime was greatly tempted by interventionism; a prominent
155:
on 10 May 1940. On the same day, 10 May 1940, the British, having already invaded the Faroe Islands in April,
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5853:
5804:
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180:
1636:"España y la segunda guerra mundial, 1939-1945: entre resignaciones neutralistas y tentaciones beligerantes"
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by Nazi Germany in the spring of 1940 led the country to significantly expand its armed forces through the
1303:
414:
388:
320:
92:
1404:
in order to preserve neutrality in case of war, and perhaps with the hope of preventing a war altogether.
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4284:
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2195:
2170:
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it had for the last six hundred years, which is the longest lasting military alliance in history. The
5657:
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1132:
771:
603:
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1770:
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5170:
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4719:
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3629:
3293:
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2543:
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2446:
2441:
2436:
2421:
2411:
2112:
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2033:
1840:
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952:
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was highly influential in the government. However, meetings with German officials, including the
229:
2002:
786:
through Swiss banks, with only 3.6 tonnes (4 short tons) being returned at the end of the war.
5510:
5403:
5198:
5149:
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4945:
4915:
4698:
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4103:
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3155:
2279:
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in particular. Thus, initially, even though the government of Argentina was sympathetic to the
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965:
841:
722:
714:
410:
402:
187:
176:
115:
99:
40:
31:
1878:
1660:
Did Swedish Ball Bearings Keep the Second World War Going? Reâevaluating Neutral Swedenâs Role
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5724:
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5003:
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3033:
2716:
2385:
2360:
2318:
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2057:
1329:
500:
282:
of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, jointly declared their neutrality on 18 November 1938, in
137:
3605:
1384:
aims at neutrality in case of an armed conflict that could involve the party in question. A
5825:
5680:
5331:
5288:
5251:
5177:
4987:
4966:
3885:
3362:
3040:
2395:
1397:
1333:
1277:
996:
798:
745:
688:
615:
583:â Spain initially held to formal neutrality, but when Italy entered the war in June 1940,
8:
6023:
5943:
5717:
5595:
5551:
5066:
4200:
3959:
3486:
3316:
3300:
3249:
1922:
1700:
1631:
779:
452:
347:
156:
132:
Several countries suffered invasions despite their efforts to be neutral. These included
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3479:
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1589:
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775:
607:
564:
551:
316:
183:
by Britain and the Soviet Union in August 1941 and later declared war on Nazi Germany.
88:
815:
Single-party period of the Republic of Turkey § 1938â1950: Ä°nönĂŒ (National Chief)
363:
21:
5927:
5811:
5701:
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5602:
5535:
5517:
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5380:
5324:
5142:
4880:
4872:
4809:
4662:
4256:
3781:
3242:
3221:
2931:
2107:
1961:
1906:
1797:
1560:
1401:
1280:
sympathies. Because of strong divisions and internal disputes between members of the
1149:
853:
464:
440:
144:
84:
1743:
5846:
5839:
5783:
5447:
5205:
5191:
5094:
5031:
4982:
4795:
4648:
4595:
4405:
4356:
4270:
3493:
3470:
3003:
2062:
1992:
1953:
1369:
1354:
1321:
1196:
1109:) Later, in 1943, Iran declared war on Germany, however no Irani troops saw combat.
948:
857:
845:
837:
783:
600:
584:
524:
476:
351:
3012:
5869:
5581:
5496:
5454:
5352:
5295:
5156:
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4929:
4458:
4033:
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2340:
1957:
1777:
1445:
701:
667:
588:
580:
528:
172:
80:
68:
5981:
805:
and amassed thousands of soldiers in the mountains to thwart any Axis invasion.
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5412:
5338:
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3235:
1373:
1245:
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632:
560:
488:
122:
103:
1832:
6017:
5687:
3598:
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1317:
1268:
entry into the war begun to increase. Relations worsened further following a
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873:
619:
555:
279:
111:
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4076:
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1880:
Un enigma: la "irracionalidad" argentina frente a la Segunda Guerra Mundial
1739:
1127:
1102:
1031:
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and his military staff met the Turkish president on 30 January 1943 in the
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596:
355:
295:
291:
133:
126:
72:
5625:
5611:
5273:
3935:
3756:
3741:
3095:
1926:
1430:
1408:
1358:
759:
107:
49:
1982:
Gabriel, J. M. "The American Conception of Neutrality After 1941." 1989.
1593:
4973:
4726:
4705:
3591:
2924:
2852:
1643:
Siglo. Actas del V Congreso Internacional de Historia de Nuestro Tiempo
1171:
1010:
671:
663:
359:
1952:. Studies in Economic History. Springer, Singapore. pp. 259â278.
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4249:
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on 23 October 1940, did not bring formal entry of Spain into the war.
367:
275:
3516:
3500:
3228:
864:
790:
628:
627:
During most of the war, Spain had been a key provider of strategic
592:
519:
507:
495:
483:
471:
459:
447:
435:
1923:"Wings of Thunder â Wartime RAF Veterans Flying in From Argentina"
1580:
Egido LeĂłn, Ăngeles (2005). "Franco y la Segunda Guerra Mundial".
1515:
789:
The Swiss military often opened fire on Axis bombers invading its
2032:
1136:
904:
251:
1641:. In Carlos Navajas Zubeldia & Diego Iturriaga Barco (ed.).
1353:
Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland held to the concept of
4117:
2708:
1241:
1081:
979:
832:
659:
418:
263:
76:
4305:
1865:, Cuaderno 12. «La SoberanĂa», Todo es Historia, Buenos Aires
1771:
ARGENTINA: Last of the Wehrmacht â Monday, Apr. 13, 1953
1556:
1939: The Year that Changed Everything in Lithuania's History
1357:, and continuously amassed soldiers to defend their nation's
1411:, as they traded with both the Axis and the Allied Powers.
1273:
1232:
709:
Danish resistance worked with Sweden to carry out the 1943
283:
1819:
The Asian Century: A History of Modern Nationalism in Asia
91:)âa war that involved several countries that subsequently
1364:
692:
1837:
National Archives and Records Administration via Youtube
1612:
1600:
87:, which ended on 1 April 1939 (five months prior to the
3370:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
1162:
Tibet remained neutral throughout World War II. While
819:
History of the Republic of Turkey § World War II
163:
by the then-neutral United States). The Soviet Union
110:, supplying them with its own voluntary brigade, the
795:
accidentally bombed by both Axis and Allied aircraft
860:, although Turkey did not then change its position.
676:
transit of German troops through Finland and Sweden
1749:Historisches Lexikon des FĂŒrstentums Liechtenstein
2371:Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan, and British North Borneo
223:
106:, while Spain avoided the Allies in favor of the
6015:
1993:http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-neutral.html
770:the assets of their victims (including those in
16:States which did not participate in World War II
1950:Economic History of Warfare and State Formation
1332:declared that the United States was to be the "
742:Aerial incidents in Switzerland in World War II
1979:Karsh, E. "Neutrality and Small States." 1989.
1821:. University of California Press. p. 382.
1712:
234:Military history of Latvia during World War II
2724:
2034:History of World War II by region and country
2018:
1903:PerĂłn: FormaciĂłn, ascenso y caĂda (1893-1955)
1697:Allied Relations and Negotiations With Turkey
1516:Estonian Neutrality Law of December 1st, 1938
1466:"The Countries That Remained Neutral In WWII"
633:heavy Allied diplomatic and economic pressure
1738:
1630:
680:Swedish iron-ore mining during World War II
666:, Sweden changed its position to that of a
238:Resistance in Lithuania during World War II
129:was officially neutral throughout the war.
2731:
2717:
2025:
2011:
1948:Golson, Eric (2016). "Neutrality in War".
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1816:
1713:Streitwireless, Clarence (10 April 1938).
1618:
1606:
1579:
1326:Selective Training and Service Act of 1940
1276:, as the plotters were accused of holding
567:between Franco and Hitler in October 1940.
1915:
1873:
1871:
1328:. On 29 December of that year, President
1199:remained neutral throughout World War II.
1084:remained neutral throughout World War II.
1063:remained neutral throughout World War II.
907:remained neutral throughout World War II.
608:Hendaye meeting between Franco and Hitler
362:(Irish Parliament) at the instigation of
102:by supplying "voluntary" brigades to the
700:Swedish Intelligence cracked the German
559:
32:Allies before the Attack on Pearl Harbor
20:
1886:
1791:
1436:Declarations of war during World War II
1284:, the country would continue to remain
713:by shipping them to Sweden. During the
321:Occupied by Allied forces from May 1940
6016:
4585:
4563:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
1947:
1868:
1787:
1785:
1670:
1559:. New York: Rodopi. pp. 119â122.
1552:
1258:American declaration of war upon Japan
1231:â Before the start of World War II in
5441:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
4866:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
4512:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
4468:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
3566:Rape during the occupation of Germany
2712:
2006:
1843:from the original on 15 December 2021
1673:"Nazi Gold and Portugal's Murky Role"
4556:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
3581:Rape during the liberation of France
1526:
1400:, i.e., the willful desistance from
1174:in the Chinese Civil War, Tibet was
872:selling it to the rival nations the
863:Turkey was an important producer of
334:Irish neutrality during World War II
159:and established an occupying force (
79:abroad or had great economic power.
75:. Some of these countries had large
1782:
1706:
1690:
1671:Simons, Marlise (10 January 1997).
1492:"Neutral Countries in World War II"
587:changed Spain's status to that of "
376:attacks on Ireland's shipping fleet
13:
4782:German invasion of the Netherlands
3055:Weather events during World War II
1764:
1732:
951:, who were being cared for by the
14:
6045:
5420:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
1986:
1441:Latin America during World War II
803:had formed complex fortifications
797:. The Axis did have plans for an
774:) to accumulate wealth. In 1998,
736:Switzerland during the World Wars
5980:
2738:
1388:is an advocate of neutrality in
1310:
1297:
1221:
1189:
1156:
1120:
1095:
1074:
1053:
1036:Vatican City during World War II
1024:
1003:
972:
924:
911:
897:
825:
801:of Switzerland, but Switzerland
752:
721:over the border to link up with
652:
573:
518:
506:
494:
482:
470:
458:
446:
434:
395:
340:
309:
268:
256:
244:
171:on 17 June. In the Balkans, the
1941:
1861:AllĂ©n Lascano, LuĂs C. (1977).
1855:
1825:
1810:
1664:
1653:
1113:
1017:
116:attack by Japan on Pearl Harbor
6034:Neutral states in World War II
5667:Vietnamese famine of 1944â1945
3363:Territorial changes of Germany
3271:Indonesian National Revolution
1624:
1573:
1546:
1520:
1509:
1484:
1458:
1240:and agricultural products, to
1046:
986:by Italy and later by Germany.
885:
729:
224:Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
1:
5060:Japanese invasion of Thailand
5011:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
4775:German invasion of Luxembourg
3149:Mediterranean and Middle East
1451:
1348:
1215:Argentina during World War II
1107:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
990:
947:White emigres led by General
918:Liechtenstein in World War II
213:
179:in April 1941. Iran was also
175:began on 28 October 1940 and
67:were countries that remained
4967:Invasion of the Soviet Union
4656:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
3967:Independent State of Croatia
1958:10.1007/978-981-10-1605-9_11
1421:Participants in World War II
1372:. The basic treaty covering
1340:in response to the surprise
1304:Neutrality Acts of the 1930s
1208:
1176:invaded and annexed by China
939:granted political asylum to
389:Portugal during World War II
93:participated in World War II
7:
5958:End of World War II in Asia
5798:Western invasion of Germany
5305:Chinese famine of 1942â1943
5282:Second Battle of El Alamein
4845:Hundred Regiments Offensive
4817:Battle of the Mediterranean
4670:Italian invasion of Albania
2837:Air warfare of World War II
1796:. Charles Scribner's Sons.
1414:
1203:
941:First Russian National Army
382:
10:
6050:
5884:Naval bombardment of Japan
5245:First Battle of El Alamein
5164:Battle of Christmas Island
5109:Japanese invasion of Burma
4873:Italian invasion of Greece
4789:German invasion of Belgium
4761:German invasion of Denmark
4734:1939â1940 Winter Offensive
4603:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
2860:Comparative military ranks
1901:Galasso, Norberto (2006).
1863:Argentina y la gran guerra
1533:Latvijas OkupÄcijas muzejs
1301:
1212:
1147:
994:
963:
915:
890:
812:
739:
733:
646:Sweden during World War II
643:
591:" and proceeded to occupy
549:
543:
386:
331:
327:
302:
227:
5973:
5805:BratislavaâBrno offensive
5745:
5736:Dutch famine of 1944â1945
5473:
5360:Allied invasion of Sicily
5314:
5213:Aleutian Islands campaign
5185:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
5132:
5123:Greek famine of 1941â1944
5018:Second Battle of Changsha
4923:German invasion of Greece
4891:
4768:Battle of ZaoyangâYichang
4743:
4681:
4576:
4457:
4183:
4093:
3934:
3637:
3628:
3386:
3211:
3103:North and Central Pacific
3064:
2826:
2819:
2746:
2653:
2404:
2267:
2221:
2143:
2040:
1792:Tolstoy, Nikolai (1977).
1496:worldpopulationreview.com
1067:
959:
808:
719:Norwegian "police" troops
711:rescue of the Danish Jews
639:
546:Spain during World War II
288:all of them were occupied
218:
5397:Allied invasion of Italy
5374:Solomon Islands campaign
5116:Third Battle of Changsha
4713:First Battle of Changsha
4619:Second Sino-Japanese War
3552:German military brothels
3418:United States war crimes
1553:Liekis, Ć arĆ«nas (2010).
1182:
1143:
539:
372:several German air raids
188:histories of Afghanistan
6029:International relations
5819:Second Guangxi campaign
5674:Philippines (1944â1945)
5171:Battle of the Coral Sea
5074:Fall of the Philippines
4720:Battle of South Guangxi
4626:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
4025:Italian Social Republic
1998:Second Hague Convention
1647:Universidad de la Rioja
1394:neutrality in conflicts
1133:King Abdul Aziz Al-Saud
1088:
1041:
953:Liechtenstein Red Cross
230:Estonia in World War II
57: Neutral countries
39: Allies after the
5404:Armistice of Cassibile
5199:Battle of Dutch Harbor
5150:Battle of the Java Sea
5053:Attack on Pearl Harbor
4953:SyriaâLebanon campaign
4946:Battle of South Shanxi
4916:Invasion of Yugoslavia
4699:Battle of the Atlantic
4313:Korean Liberation Army
4019:(until September 1943)
3976:(until September 1944)
3954:(until September 1944)
1776:23 August 2013 at the
1426:Allies of World War II
1342:attack on Pearl Harbor
1254:attack on Pearl Harbor
1244:in general and to the
966:Monaco in World War II
715:Liberation of Finnmark
631:to Nazi Germany. Amid
568:
425:Colonies of Portugal:
177:Yugoslavia was invaded
83:had just been through
60:
41:attack on Pearl Harbor
5568:Second Battle of Guam
5464:Bengal famine of 1943
5434:Second Battle of Kiev
5390:Battle of the Dnieper
5259:Kokoda Track campaign
5088:Battle of Wake Island
4960:East African campaign
4902:Battle of South Henan
4547:atrocities by Germans
4320:Korean Volunteer Army
3294:Occupation of Germany
3048:Music in World War II
1390:international affairs
1338:declared war on Japan
1330:Franklin D. Roosevelt
995:Further information:
943:pro-Axis pro-emperor
740:Further information:
563:
550:Further information:
513:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
181:attacked and occupied
161:subsequently replaced
24:
5854:Surrender of Germany
5332:Battle of West Hubei
5289:Guadalcanal campaign
5252:Battle of Stalingrad
5178:Battle of Madagascar
3945:Albania protectorate
3732:(formerly Swaziland)
3441:Wehrmacht war crimes
3257:Expulsion of Germans
3041:Art and World War II
2939:British contribution
2888:Governments in exile
1742:(31 December 2011).
1632:Moradiellos, Enrique
1334:Arsenal of Democracy
997:Battle of San Marino
850:treaty of friendship
746:Operation Tannenbaum
689:Swedish Armed Forces
616:Operation Barbarossa
210:during this period.
167:on 15 June 1940 and
5944:Potsdam Declaration
5833:Italy (Spring 1945)
5596:Liberation of Paris
5046:Siege of Sevastopol
4057:(until August 1944)
3960:Wang Jingwei regime
3782:from September 1943
3742:from September 1944
3680:from September 1944
3540:Romanian war crimes
3531:Persecution of Jews
3517:Croatian war crimes
3487:Japanese war crimes
3301:Occupation of Japan
3250:First Indochina War
2962:Military production
2874:Declarations of war
2483:Carpathian Ruthenia
1817:Jan Romein (1962).
1794:The Secret Betrayal
1744:"Zweiter Weltkrieg"
1701:US State Department
1529:"Soviet occupation"
1256:and the subsequent
780:Swiss National Bank
778:estimated that the
772:concentration camps
604:Ramón Serrano Suñer
415:Santa Maria Airport
358:was adopted by the
138:invasion of Denmark
5937:Surrender of Japan
5770:Battle of Iwo Jima
5619:Belgrade offensive
5025:Siege of Leningrad
4909:Battle of Shanggao
4838:British Somaliland
4803:Dunkirk evacuation
4754:Norwegian campaign
4692:Invasion of Poland
4519:Japanese prisoners
3480:Italian war crimes
3411:British war crimes
3326:Soviet occupations
3110:South-West Pacific
2997:Allied cooperation
2955:Military equipment
2073:French West Africa
2053:British Somaliland
1719:The New York Times
1402:military alliances
1282:Argentine military
1170:Communists led by
869:strategic material
848:, Turkey signed a
838:invasion of France
776:a Swiss commission
569:
565:Meeting at Hendaye
552:Meeting at Hendaye
531:from 1942 to 1945)
169:Latvia and Estonia
89:invasion of Poland
61:
6011:
6010:
5969:
5968:
5812:Battle of Okinawa
5711:Burma (1944â1945)
5545:Mariana and Palau
5325:Tunisian campaign
5143:Fall of Singapore
5067:Fall of Hong Kong
4810:Battle of Britain
4663:Operation Himmler
4572:
4571:
4236:Dutch East Indies
3872:Southern Rhodesia
3624:
3623:
3524:Genocide of Serbs
3427:German war crimes
3404:Soviet war crimes
3397:Allied war crimes
3243:Division of Korea
3222:Chinese Civil War
3020:Strategic bombing
2932:Manhattan Project
2706:
2705:
2297:Dutch East Indies
2135:Southern Rhodesia
2068:French Somaliland
1649:. pp. 72â73.
1527:Neiburgs, Uldis.
1396:is distinct from
1392:. The concept of
1382:neutralist policy
1344:the previous day.
1150:Tibet (1912-1951)
854:Winston Churchill
465:Portuguese Guinea
165:invaded Lithuania
6041:
6004:
5997:
5990:
5987:World portal
5985:
5984:
5960:
5953:
5946:
5939:
5930:
5923:
5916:
5907:
5900:
5893:
5886:
5879:
5872:
5863:
5856:
5849:
5847:Prague offensive
5842:
5840:Battle of Berlin
5835:
5828:
5821:
5814:
5807:
5800:
5793:
5786:
5784:Vienna offensive
5779:
5772:
5765:
5763:Battle of Manila
5758:
5738:
5729:
5720:
5713:
5704:
5697:
5690:
5683:
5676:
5669:
5662:
5653:
5644:
5637:
5628:
5621:
5614:
5607:
5598:
5591:
5584:
5577:
5570:
5563:
5556:
5547:
5540:
5531:
5522:
5513:
5506:
5504:KorsunâCherkassy
5499:
5488:
5466:
5457:
5450:
5443:
5436:
5429:
5422:
5415:
5406:
5399:
5392:
5385:
5376:
5369:
5362:
5355:
5348:
5346:Bombing of Gorky
5341:
5334:
5327:
5307:
5300:
5291:
5284:
5277:
5268:
5261:
5254:
5247:
5240:
5229:
5222:
5215:
5208:
5206:Battle of Midway
5201:
5194:
5192:Battle of Gazala
5187:
5180:
5173:
5166:
5159:
5152:
5145:
5125:
5118:
5111:
5104:
5102:Battle of Borneo
5097:
5095:Malayan campaign
5090:
5083:
5076:
5069:
5062:
5055:
5048:
5041:
5039:Bombing of Gorky
5034:
5032:Battle of Moscow
5027:
5020:
5013:
5006:
4999:
4992:
4976:
4969:
4962:
4955:
4948:
4941:
4932:
4925:
4918:
4911:
4904:
4884:
4875:
4868:
4861:
4854:
4847:
4840:
4833:
4826:
4819:
4812:
4805:
4798:
4796:Battle of France
4791:
4784:
4777:
4770:
4763:
4756:
4736:
4729:
4722:
4715:
4708:
4701:
4694:
4672:
4665:
4658:
4651:
4649:Munich Agreement
4644:
4637:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4605:
4598:
4583:
4582:
4565:
4558:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4534:Soviet prisoners
4528:
4521:
4514:
4505:
4498:
4489:
4482:
4475:
4474:German prisoners
4470:
4450:
4441:
4434:
4427:
4422:
4415:
4408:
4401:
4394:
4387:
4380:
4373:
4366:
4359:
4352:
4345:
4338:
4331:
4322:
4315:
4308:
4301:
4294:
4287:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4245:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4210:
4203:
4196:
4176:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4148:
4141:
4134:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4050:
4043:
4036:
4027:
4020:
4012:
4005:
4003:French Indochina
3998:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3969:
3962:
3955:
3947:
3927:
3918:
3911:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3850:from August 1944
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3733:
3725:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3635:
3634:
3615:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3576:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3542:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3494:Nanjing Massacre
3489:
3482:
3473:
3471:Nuremberg trials
3464:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3312:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3204:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3075:Asia and Pacific
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3006:
3004:Mulberry harbour
2999:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2846:
2839:
2824:
2823:
2812:
2805:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2754:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2710:
2709:
2457:Military history
2211:Native Americans
2027:
2020:
2013:
2004:
2003:
1972:
1971:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1919:
1913:
1899:
1884:
1875:
1866:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1789:
1780:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1710:
1704:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1668:
1662:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1640:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1524:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1462:
1370:non-belligerence
1355:armed neutrality
1322:defeat of France
1316:
1314:
1313:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1009:
1007:
1006:
978:
976:
975:
949:Boris Smyslovsky
930:
928:
927:
903:
901:
900:
858:Adana Conference
831:
829:
828:
758:
756:
755:
658:
656:
655:
601:Foreign Minister
585:Francisco Franco
579:
577:
576:
525:Portuguese Timor
523:
522:
511:
510:
499:
498:
487:
486:
477:Portuguese India
475:
474:
463:
462:
451:
450:
439:
438:
401:
399:
398:
352:Irish neutrality
350:â The policy of
346:
344:
343:
315:
313:
312:
274:
272:
271:
262:
260:
259:
250:
248:
247:
143:on 9 April 1940â
56:
47:
38:
29:
6049:
6048:
6044:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6039:
6038:
6014:
6013:
6012:
6007:
6000:
5993:
5979:
5977:
5965:
5956:
5949:
5942:
5935:
5926:
5919:
5912:
5903:
5898:Atomic bombings
5896:
5889:
5882:
5875:
5868:
5859:
5852:
5845:
5838:
5831:
5824:
5817:
5810:
5803:
5796:
5789:
5782:
5775:
5768:
5761:
5754:
5741:
5734:
5723:
5716:
5709:
5700:
5693:
5686:
5679:
5672:
5665:
5656:
5647:
5640:
5631:
5624:
5617:
5610:
5601:
5594:
5589:Eastern Romania
5587:
5582:Warsaw Uprising
5580:
5575:Tannenberg Line
5573:
5566:
5561:Western Ukraine
5559:
5550:
5543:
5534:
5525:
5516:
5509:
5502:
5491:
5482:
5469:
5462:
5453:
5446:
5439:
5432:
5425:
5418:
5411:
5402:
5395:
5388:
5379:
5372:
5365:
5358:
5353:Battle of Kursk
5351:
5344:
5337:
5330:
5323:
5310:
5303:
5294:
5287:
5280:
5271:
5264:
5257:
5250:
5243:
5234:
5225:
5218:
5211:
5204:
5197:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5169:
5162:
5157:St Nazaire Raid
5155:
5148:
5141:
5128:
5121:
5114:
5107:
5100:
5093:
5086:
5079:
5072:
5065:
5058:
5051:
5044:
5037:
5030:
5023:
5016:
5009:
5002:
4995:
4981:
4972:
4965:
4958:
4951:
4944:
4939:Anglo-Iraqi War
4937:
4930:Battle of Crete
4928:
4921:
4914:
4907:
4900:
4887:
4878:
4871:
4864:
4859:Eastern Romania
4857:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4808:
4801:
4794:
4787:
4780:
4773:
4766:
4759:
4752:
4739:
4732:
4725:
4718:
4711:
4704:
4697:
4690:
4677:
4668:
4661:
4654:
4647:
4640:
4633:
4624:
4617:
4610:
4601:
4594:
4568:
4561:
4554:
4545:
4538:
4533:
4524:
4517:
4510:
4501:
4494:
4485:
4478:
4473:
4466:
4453:
4446:
4437:
4430:
4425:
4420:Western Ukraine
4418:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4369:
4364:Northeast China
4362:
4355:
4348:
4341:
4334:
4327:
4318:
4311:
4304:
4297:
4290:
4283:
4276:
4269:
4262:
4255:
4248:
4241:
4234:
4227:
4220:
4213:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4179:
4172:
4165:
4158:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4089:
4082:
4075:
4068:
4063:Slovak Republic
4061:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4034:Empire of Japan
4032:
4023:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3950:
3943:
3930:
3923:
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2698:Pacific Islands
2693:Solomon Islands
2673:Gilbert Islands
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2628:Channel Islands
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1989:
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157:invaded Iceland
149:the Netherlands
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5004:Battle of Kiev
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1987:External links
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1929:. 6 April 2005
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1833:"Inside Tibet"
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4980:
4975:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4964:
4961:
4957:
4954:
4950:
4947:
4943:
4940:
4936:
4931:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4920:
4917:
4913:
4910:
4906:
4903:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4894:
4890:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4874:
4870:
4867:
4863:
4860:
4856:
4853:
4852:Baltic states
4849:
4846:
4842:
4839:
4835:
4832:
4828:
4825:
4821:
4818:
4814:
4811:
4807:
4804:
4800:
4797:
4793:
4790:
4786:
4783:
4779:
4776:
4772:
4769:
4765:
4762:
4758:
4755:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4742:
4735:
4731:
4728:
4724:
4721:
4717:
4714:
4710:
4707:
4703:
4700:
4696:
4693:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4680:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4653:
4650:
4646:
4643:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4627:
4623:
4620:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4604:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4564:
4560:
4557:
4553:
4548:
4544:
4541:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4527:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4513:
4509:
4504:
4500:
4497:
4496:United States
4493:
4488:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4449:
4445:
4440:
4436:
4433:
4432:Quá»c dĂąn ÄáșŁng
4429:
4428:
4424:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4410:
4407:
4403:
4400:
4396:
4393:
4389:
4386:
4382:
4379:
4375:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4361:
4358:
4354:
4351:
4347:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4333:
4330:
4326:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4289:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4261:
4258:
4254:
4251:
4247:
4244:
4240:
4237:
4233:
4230:
4226:
4223:
4219:
4216:
4212:
4209:
4205:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4161:
4157:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4143:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4132:Liechtenstein
4129:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4085:
4084:Collaboration
4081:
4078:
4074:
4071:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4031:
4026:
4022:
4021:
4018:
4014:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3993:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3968:
3964:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3946:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3926:
3922:
3917:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:United States
3906:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3801:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3772:
3768:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3754:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3724:
3720:
3717:
3713:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3670:
3666:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3599:Comfort women
3596:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3583: /
3582:
3578:
3575:
3572: /
3571:
3568: /
3567:
3563:
3560:
3559:Camp brothels
3556:
3553:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3541:
3537:
3532:
3528:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3477:
3472:
3468:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:The Holocaust
3445:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3434:forced labour
3431:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3287:Marshall Plan
3284:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3203:
3199:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3141:
3140:Eastern Front
3137:
3134:
3133:Western Front
3130:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3027:Puppet states
3024:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2969:Naval history
2966:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2916:United States
2913:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2833:
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2829:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2734:
2729:
2727:
2722:
2720:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
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2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2509:Liechtenstein
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2458:
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2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
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2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
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2403:
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2327:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
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2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2244:Latin America
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:South America
2220:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2181:United States
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:North America
2142:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2048:Belgian Congo
2046:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2016:
2014:
2009:
2008:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1969:
1967:9789811016042
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1911:950-581-399-6
1908:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1883:
1881:
1874:
1872:
1864:
1858:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1820:
1813:
1805:
1803:0-684-15635-0
1799:
1795:
1788:
1786:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1767:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1720:
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1709:
1702:
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1678:
1674:
1667:
1661:
1656:
1648:
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1620:
1615:
1608:
1603:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1576:
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1562:
1558:
1557:
1549:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1517:
1512:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1472:. 4 July 2020
1471:
1467:
1461:
1457:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1412:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1398:non-alignment
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1360:
1356:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1318:United States
1308:
1307:
1305:
1298:United States
1291:
1288:, even after
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1270:military coup
1267:
1264:pressure for
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1198:
1187:
1186:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1165:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1118:
1117:
1108:
1104:
1093:
1092:
1083:
1072:
1071:
1062:
1051:
1050:
1037:
1033:
1022:
1021:
1012:
1001:
1000:
998:
985:
981:
970:
969:
967:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
933:
932:Liechtenstein
922:
921:
919:
912:Liechtenstein
906:
895:
894:
879:
875:
874:United States
870:
866:
862:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
834:
823:
822:
820:
816:
806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
761:
750:
749:
747:
743:
737:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
707:
703:
699:
698:
694:
690:
687:In 1943, the
686:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
650:
649:
647:
634:
630:
626:
625:
621:
620:Blue Division
617:
614:
613:
609:
605:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
571:
570:
566:
562:
557:
556:Blue Division
553:
547:
530:
527:(Occupied by
526:
521:
516:
514:
509:
504:
502:
497:
492:
490:
485:
480:
478:
473:
468:
466:
461:
456:
454:
449:
444:
442:
437:
432:
431:
430:
429:
428:
427:
426:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
393:
392:
390:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
338:
337:
335:
322:
318:
307:
306:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:Baltic states
277:
265:
253:
242:
241:
239:
235:
231:
211:
209:
205:
201:
200:Liechtenstein
197:
193:
189:
186:See also the
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
139:
135:
130:
128:
124:
119:
117:
113:
112:Blue Division
109:
105:
101:
96:
94:
90:
86:
85:its civil war
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
51:
42:
33:
23:
19:
5995:Bibliography
5978:
5791:Project Hula
5756:VistulaâOder
5725:
5658:
5649:
5633:
5603:
5552:
5536:
5527:
5518:
5484:
5381:
5296:
5272:
5235:
4986:
4879:
4824:North Africa
4526:Soviet Union
4480:Soviet Union
4406:Soviet Union
4174:Vatican City
4094:
4077:Vichy France
3982:German Reich
3879:Soviet Union
3865:South Africa
3858:Sierra Leone
3811:Newfoundland
3630:Participants
3613:Marocchinate
3317:
3308:
3278:
3156:North Africa
3117:Indian Ocean
2976:Nazi plunder
2867:Cryptography
2740:World War II
2640:Vatican City
2559:Soviet Union
2307:West Sumatra
2176:Newfoundland
2130:South Africa
2125:Sierra Leone
2103:North Africa
1949:
1943:
1931:. Retrieved
1917:
1902:
1879:
1862:
1857:
1845:. Retrieved
1836:
1827:
1818:
1812:
1793:
1766:
1754:. Retrieved
1747:
1740:Peter Geiger
1734:
1722:. Retrieved
1718:
1708:
1692:
1680:. Retrieved
1676:
1666:
1655:
1642:
1626:
1614:
1602:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1555:
1548:
1536:. Retrieved
1532:
1522:
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1495:
1486:
1474:. Retrieved
1469:
1460:
1406:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1362:
1352:
1163:
1128:Saudi Arabia
1114:Saudi Arabia
1032:Vatican City
1018:Vatican City
788:
768:Nazis looted
765:
757:
629:tungsten ore
597:Germanophile
424:
356:World War II
296:Nazi Germany
292:Soviet Union
204:Saudi Arabia
185:
145:then Belgium
134:Nazi Germany
131:
127:Vatican City
120:
97:
73:World War II
64:
62:
18:
5726:Bodenplatte
5612:Gothic Line
4831:West Africa
4378:Philippines
4357:Netherlands
4222:Czech lands
4160:Switzerland
4104:Afghanistan
4048:Philippines
3916:Puerto Rico
3832:Philippines
3818:New Zealand
3804:Netherlands
3757:Free France
3508:Prosecution
3309:Osoaviakhim
3179:West Africa
3163:East Africa
2810:Conferences
2688:New Zealand
2654:Oceania and
2608:Switzerland
2569:Byelorussia
2524:Netherlands
2366:Philippines
2206:Puerto Rico
2161:El Salvador
1927:PR Newswire
1905:, Colihue,
1756:18 November
1752:(in German)
1645:. Logroño:
1538:17 December
1431:Axis powers
1409:realpolitik
1359:sovereignty
1167:independent
1061:Afghanistan
1047:Afghanistan
886:Microstates
760:Switzerland
730:Switzerland
411:Estado Novo
50:Axis powers
6024:Law of war
6018:Categories
5826:West Hunan
5659:Pointblank
4988:Silver Fox
4974:Summer War
4727:Winter War
4706:Phoney War
4487:Azerbaijan
4448:Yugoslavia
4343:Luxembourg
4185:Resistance
3925:Yugoslavia
3790:Luxembourg
3592:Sook Ching
3388:War crimes
2990:Technology
2983:Opposition
2925:Lend-Lease
2902:Australian
2895:Home front
2853:Blitzkrieg
2803:Casualties
2794:Commanders
2766:Operations
2683:New Guinea
2663:Antarctica
2656:Antarctica
2645:Yugoslavia
2564:Azerbaijan
2519:Luxembourg
2302:New Guinea
2201:New Mexico
2191:California
2098:Madagascar
2083:Gold Coast
2078:The Gambia
1588:(1): 105.
1501:2 November
1476:2 November
1470:WorldAtlas
1452:References
1386:neutralist
1349:Conclusion
1172:Mao Zedong
1011:San Marino
991:San Marino
842:Yugoslavia
672:Winter War
664:Winter War
501:Mozambique
453:Cape Verde
360:Oireachtas
294:and later
214:By country
141:and Norway
5891:Manchuria
5777:Indochina
5553:Bagration
4997:Lithuania
4642:Anschluss
4439:Viet Minh
4336:Lithuania
4278:Hong Kong
4041:Manchukuo
3996:Azad Hind
3655:Australia
3455:Aftermath
3318:Paperclip
3213:Aftermath
3013:Total war
2881:Diplomacy
2844:In Europe
2668:Australia
2633:Gibraltar
2591:Catalonia
2514:Lithuania
2376:Singapore
2324:Indochina
2314:Hong Kong
2290:Manchuria
2259:Venezuela
2229:Argentina
2166:Greenland
2120:Nyasaland
1933:8 January
1703:, pp. 6-8
1266:Argentine
1237:Argentina
1229:Argentina
1209:Argentina
784:laundered
368:Taoiseach
276:Lithuania
196:Guatemala
6002:Category
5951:document
5861:document
5718:Ardennes
5702:Budapest
5650:Crossbow
5528:Overlord
5367:Smolensk
4578:Timeline
4413:Slovakia
4399:Thailand
4250:Ethiopia
4215:Bulgaria
4139:Portugal
4070:Thailand
3952:Bulgaria
3730:Eswatini
3723:Ethiopia
3676:Bulgaria
3501:Unit 731
3462:Response
3279:Keelhaul
3229:Cold War
3202:Americas
3193:timeline
3186:Atlantic
3066:Theaters
2554:Slovenia
2549:Slovakia
2539:Portugal
2427:Bulgaria
2381:Thailand
2356:Mongolia
2329:Cambodia
2249:Suriname
2239:Colombia
2063:Ethiopia
1841:Archived
1839:. 1943.
1774:Archived
1634:(2016).
1594:41325295
1415:See also
1290:American
1262:American
1204:Americas
1178:in 1951.
1164:de facto
984:occupied
945:Vladimir
876:and the
865:chromite
799:invasion
791:airspace
593:Tangiers
407:alliance
403:Portugal
383:Portugal
77:colonies
5928:Shumshu
5695:Hungary
5642:Estonia
5626:Lapland
5604:Dragoon
5537:Neptune
5519:Ichi-Go
5485:Tempest
5427:Changde
5382:Cottage
5274:Jubilee
4983:Finland
4881:Compass
4587:Prelude
4540:Finland
4426:Vietnam
4392:Romania
4264:Germany
4243:Estonia
4229:Denmark
4208:Belgium
4201:Austria
4194:Albania
4125:Ireland
4111:Andorra
4095:Neutral
4055:Romania
3989:Hungary
3974:Finland
3846:Romania
3738:Finland
3716:Denmark
3662:Belgium
3648:Algeria
3354:Romania
3340:Hungary
3096:Pacific
2820:General
2774:Leaders
2759:Battles
2752:Outline
2596:Galicia
2574:Ukraine
2544:Romania
2494:Ireland
2489:Iceland
2479:Hungary
2469:Germany
2447:Finland
2442:Estonia
2437:Denmark
2422:Belgium
2417:Austria
2412:Albania
2254:Uruguay
2186:Arizona
2113:Morocco
2108:Tunisia
2093:Liberia
1847:12 July
1286:neutral
1137:Dhahran
905:Andorra
891:Andorra
417:in the
354:during
348:Ireland
328:Ireland
317:Iceland
303:Iceland
290:by the
252:Estonia
192:Andorra
71:during
69:neutral
5905:Debate
5877:Taipei
5870:Borneo
5448:Tarawa
4635:Europe
4596:Africa
4385:Poland
4371:Norway
4350:Malaya
4329:Latvia
4271:Greece
4257:France
4153:Sweden
4118:Bhutan
3839:Poland
3825:Norway
3797:Mexico
3764:Greece
3750:France
3688:Canada
3669:Brazil
3639:Allies
3585:Serbia
3574:Poland
3347:Poland
3333:Baltic
3126:Europe
2828:Topics
2780:Allied
2603:Sweden
2534:Poland
2529:Norway
2504:Latvia
2474:Greece
2452:France
2405:Europe
2391:Turkey
2351:Malaya
2280:Ceylon
2234:Brazil
2196:Nevada
2171:Mexico
2151:Canada
2041:Africa
1964:
1909:
1800:
1724:16 May
1682:1 June
1592:
1563:
1315:
1250:Allies
1242:Europe
1226:
1194:
1125:
1100:
1082:Bhutan
1079:
1068:Bhutan
1058:
1034:, see
1029:
1008:
980:Monaco
977:
960:Monaco
929:
902:
846:Greece
833:Turkey
830:
817:, and
809:Turkey
723:Allied
660:Sweden
657:
640:Sweden
578:
441:Angola
419:Azores
400:
366:, the
345:
314:
278:â The
273:
266:, and
264:Latvia
261:
249:
236:, and
219:Europe
100:Allies
55:
48:
46:
37:
30:
28:
5681:Leyte
5511:Narva
5497:Anzio
5455:Makin
5413:Burma
5297:Torch
5266:Rzhev
5220:Kiska
4306:Korea
4292:Japan
4285:Italy
4167:Tibet
4146:Spain
4017:Italy
3778:Italy
3771:India
3695:China
3570:Japan
3170:Italy
3082:China
3034:Women
2678:Nauru
2623:Wales
2581:Spain
2499:Italy
2386:Tibet
2361:Nepal
2346:Japan
2319:India
2285:China
2275:Burma
2088:Kenya
2058:Egypt
1639:(PDF)
1590:JSTOR
1293:side.
1197:Yemen
1183:Yemen
1144:Tibet
581:Spain
540:Spain
529:Japan
489:Macau
208:Yemen
81:Spain
5747:1945
5475:1944
5316:1943
5237:Blue
5227:Attu
5134:1942
4893:1941
4745:1940
4683:1939
4612:Asia
4459:POWs
4299:Jews
4010:Iraq
3936:Axis
3886:Tuva
3702:Cuba
2787:Axis
2396:Tuva
2341:Iraq
2336:Iran
2268:Asia
2156:Cuba
1962:ISBN
1935:2008
1907:ISBN
1849:2010
1798:ISBN
1758:2023
1726:2023
1684:2011
1582:Ayer
1561:ISBN
1540:2017
1503:2022
1478:2022
1278:Axis
1274:1943
1233:1939
1103:Iran
1089:Iran
1042:Asia
982:was
867:, a
844:and
766:The
744:and
678:and
554:and
374:and
284:Riga
206:and
121:The
108:Axis
63:The
1954:doi
1365:war
1272:in
693:SKF
136:'s
6020::
5495:/
1960:.
1925:.
1888:^
1870:^
1835:.
1784:^
1746:.
1717:.
1699:,
1675:.
1586:57
1584:.
1531:.
1494:.
1468:.
1260:,
1235:,
599:,
319:â
254:,
232:,
202:,
198:,
194:,
190:,
151:,
147:,
118:.
95:.
4991:)
4985:(
3852:)
3848:(
3784:)
3780:(
3744:)
3740:(
3682:)
3678:(
2732:e
2725:t
2718:v
2485:)
2481:(
2026:e
2019:t
2012:v
1970:.
1956::
1937:.
1851:.
1806:.
1760:.
1728:.
1686:.
1596:.
1569:.
1542:.
1505:.
1480:.
323:.
298:.
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