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of parliament, etc., have not been changed. All of these moves have not succeeded as the King or Queen is the personification of the
Canadian, British, or Australian state (or that of any other Commonwealth realm). Allegiance sworn to the monarch is the same as to the country, its constitution or flag. The
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Commonwealth realms, all that is required is an oath to the monarch, and not the constitution or state. There have been moves in some of the realms to make the oath of citizenship sworn by new citizens refer to the country rather than the monarch. However, the oaths sworn by judges, members
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ruled in 1999 that the oath of allegiance to a reigning monarch is "reasonably viewed as an affirmation of loyalty to the constitutional principles supporting the workings of representative democracy."
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Oaths of allegiance are commonly required of newly naturalised citizens (see
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A typical example of an oath of allegiance is that sworn by members of
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