301:
952:
provide services for the soldiers overseas. A large number of provisions were needed for the soldiers in World War II over the 4 years that the
Americans were involved. The American Red Cross and thirteen million volunteers had donated in the country with an average weekly donation of 111,000 pints of blood. Nurses, doctors, and volunteer workers worked on the front lines overseas to provide for the wounded and the needy. This program saved thousands of lives as plasma donations were delivered to the camps and bases. However, the Red Cross only accepted donations from white Americans and excluded those of Japanese, Italian, German and African Americans. To combat this, activists tried to fight such segregation back home with arguments that blood of Whites and blood of Blacks is the same.
44:
485:
1253:; therefore, they could not get involved with Canadian services along with the Italians and Germans. The Nikkei (Canadians and Immigrants of Japanese origin) were stripped of possessions, which were later auctioned off without consent. The intense cold winters made it hard to live as the Nikkei were placed in camps; these campers were made of Japanese immigrants and Japanese-Canadians. They lived in barns and stables which were used for animals, therefore unsanitary. It took 5 years after the war for the Nikkei to gain their rights. Compensation was given but was not enough to cover the loss of properties. Over 22,000 Nikkei were put into these camps.
1115:. Some prisoners feared execution by the Japanese in response to American bombing. The brutality of the guards caused traumatized prisoners to suffer mental illnesses that persisted for decades afterward. In many cases, survivors of camps were traumatized or ended up living with a disability. Many survivors went home or to other areas of the world to have a successful life as a businessman, or they would devote themselves to helping poor people or people in the camps who were in need of support. A former PoW, Lieutenant Colonel
1319:, where over 170,000 communist and non-communist prisoners were held from December 1950 until June 1952. Throughout 1951 and early 1952, upper-level communist agents infiltrated and conquered much of Koje section-by-section by uniting fellow communists; bending dissenters to their will through staged trials and public executions; and exporting allegations of abuse to the international community to benefit the communist negotiation team. In May 1952, Chinese and North Korean prisoners rioted and took Brigadier General
1119:, stated that the Japanese committed brutal atrocities. Some of these included filling a prisoner's nose with water while the guards tied them with barbed wire, then they would stand on the prisoners, stepping on the wires. Or the guards would tie a prisoner on a tree by their thumbs, with their toes barely touching the ground, and leave them there for two days without food or water. After the two days of torture, the prisoner would be jailed prior to execution, after which their corpses would later be burnt.
678:
1095:
4080:
1298:'. They performed the functions of money as a medium of exchange because they were generally accepted among the prisoners for settling payments or debts, and the function of money as a unit of account, because prices of other goods were expressed in terms of cigarettes. Compared with other goods, the supply of cigarettes was more stable, as they were rationed in the POW camps, and cigarettes were more divisible, portable, and homogeneous.
1532:
1678:
865:, which had signed but never ratified the convention, was notorious for its treatment of prisoners of war; this poor treatment occurred in part because the Japanese viewed surrender as dishonourable. Prisoners from all nations were subject to forced labour, beatings, torture, murder, and even medical experimentation. Rations fell short of the minimum required to sustain life, and many were forced into labour. After March 20, 1943, the
724:
in temporary camps until 1915, by which time the prisoner population had increased to 652,000 living in unsatisfactory conditions. In response, the government began constructing permanent camps both in
Germany and the occupied territories. The number of prisoners increased significantly during the war, exceeding one million by August 1915 and 1,625,000 by August 1916, and reaching 2,415,000 by the end of the war.
4092:
2855:
371:(to hold Boer civilians). In total, six prisoner-of-war camps were erected in South Africa and around 31 in overseas British colonies to hold Boer prisoners of war. The majority of Boer prisoners of war were sent overseas (25,630 out of the 28,000 Boer men captured during the fighting). After an initial settling-in period, these prisoner-of-war camps were generally well administered.
849:
were unrequired to work, although they could volunteer. The work performed was largely agricultural or industrial, ranging from coal or potash mining, stone quarrying, or work in saw mills, breweries, factories, railway yards, and forests. POWs hired out to military and civilian contractors and were
740:
in
September 1917. The conference addressed the war, and the Red Cross addressed the conditions that the civilians were living under, which resembled those of soldiers in prisoner of war camps, as well as "barbed wire disease" (symptoms of mental illness) suffered by prisoners in France and Germany.
1440:
suspects, prisoners of war, and even juvenile delinquents were mixed together in South
Vietnamese jails and prisons. After June 1965, the prison population steadily rose, and by early 1966, there was no space to accommodate additional prisoners in the existing jails and prisons. In 1965, plans were
1236:
In the wake of the
Japanese attacking Hong Kong, the Philippines and Pearl Harbor in which 2000 Canadians were involved, Canadians put a large focus onto Japanese-Canadians even though innocent. Japan seemed to be able to attack along the Pacific and Canada could potentially be next. Canadian Prime
723:
Permanent camps did not exist at the beginning of the war. The unexpectedly large number of prisoners captured in the first days of the war by the German army created an immediate problem. By
September 1914, the German army had captured over 200,000 enemy combatants. These first prisoners were held
1206:
The camps meant for German POWs were smaller than those meant for
Japanese prisoners of war and were far less brutal. German prisoners generally benefitted from good food. However, the hardest part was surviving the Canadian winters. Most camps were isolated and located in the far north. Death and
951:
to Allied POWs in Axis prison camps; most of these contained food and personal hygiene items, while others held medical kits. A special "release kit" parcel was also provided to some newly released POWs at the war's end. During the United States' call for war on Japan, the Red Cross stepped up to
817:
While the conditions for Soviet prisoners were clearly exposed by the free press in Poland, no corresponding fact-finding about Soviet camps for Polish POWs could be expected from the tightly controlled Soviet press of the time. Available data shows many cases of mistreatment of Polish prisoners.
1110:
Allied prisoners-of-war in
Japanese camps were forced to engage in physical labour such as building bridges, erecting forts, and digging defence trenches. These prisoners received limited food, and once their military uniforms wore out, no replacements were given. Some brutal prison guards would
1082:
Believing it was shameful to be captured alive in combat, the
Japanese ran their prisoner-of-war camps brutally, with many Allied prisoners of war dying in them. The Japanese field army code included a "warrior spirit", which stated that an individual must calmly face death. Those who disobeyed
1311:
The
International Red Cross visited United Nations-run POW camps, often unannounced, noting prisoner hygiene, quality of medical care, variety of diet, and weight gain. They talked to the prisoners and asked for their comments on conditions, as well as providing them with copies of the Geneva
770:
Throughout World War I, captured prisoners of war were sent to various camps including the one in Krasnoyarsk. There was a point where a large mix of nationalities was together in Krasnoyarsk which included Bulgarians, Czechs, Germans, and Poles. Many prisoners were nationalists, which led to
374:
The number of concentration camps, all located in South Africa, was much higher and a total of 109 of these camps had been constructed by the end of the war - 45 camps for Boer civilians and 64 camps for black Africans. The vast majority of Boers held in the concentration camps were women and
1225:
Fighting, sometimes to the death, was somewhat common in the camps. Punishments for major infractions could include death by hanging. German POWs wore shirts with a large red dot painted on the back, an easily identifiable mark outside the camps. Therefore, escapees could be easily found and
747:
The countries in the east continued their fight to help the Red Cross provide support to POWs. At the end of the war, a Franco-German agreement was made that both countries would exchange their prisoners, but the French kept a small number while the Germans released all French prisoners.
767:, as a base for military camps to train for future wars. Conditions there were dire and the detainees could be conscripted for war while they lived in concentration camps and prisons. Over 50,000 camp tenants were used for transportation, agriculture, mining and machinery production.
1111:
answer requests for water with their beatings or rifle butts. Prisoners who were seen as no use, physically weak, or rebellious, would often be killed. At the end of the war, when the camp inmates were released, many had lost body parts, and many were starved and faced extreme
334:
Neither Union or Confederate prison camps were always well run, and it was common for prisoners to die of starvation or disease. It is estimated that about 56,000 soldiers died in prisons during the war; almost 10% of all Civil War fatalities. During a period of 14 months in
741:
It was agreed at the conference that the Red Cross would provide prisoners of war with mail, food parcels, clothes, and medical supplies and that prisoners in France and Germany suffering from "barbed wire disease" should be interned in Switzerland, a neutral country.
1198:
The Second World War was mainly fought in Europe and western Russia, East Asia, and the Pacific; there were no invasions of Canada. The few prisoners of war sent to Canada included Japanese and German soldiers, captured U-boat crews, and prisoners from raids such as
224:. The remaining soldiers (some 2,000 British, upwards of 1,900 German, and roughly 300 women and children) marched south in late 1778âarriving at the site (near Ivy Creek) in January 1779. Since the barracks were barely sufficient in construction, the officers were
379:
were insufficient to maintain health, standards of hygiene were low, and overcrowding was chronic. Due to these conditions, thousands perished in the 109 concentration camps. Of the Boer women and children held in captivity, over 26,000 died during the war.
2927:(Louisiana State University Press; 2010) 272 pages.traces shifts in Americans' views of the brutal treatment of soldiers in both Confederate and Union prisons, from raw memories in the decades after the war to a position that deflected responsibility.
174:, contained a provision that all prisoners should be released without ransom. This is generally considered to mark the point where captured enemy fighters would be reasonably treated before being released at the end of the conflict or under a
162:, enemy fighters captured by belligerent forces were usually executed, enslaved, or held for ransom. This, coupled with the relatively small size of armies, meant there was little need for any form of camp to hold prisoners of war. The
1441:
made to construct five POW camps, each with an initial capacity of 1,000 prisoners and to be staffed by the South Vietnamese military police, with U.S. military policemen as a prisoner of war advisers assigned to each stockade.
716:, with prisoners in Russia at risk from starvation and disease. In total during the war about eight million men were held in prisoner of war camps, with 2.5 million prisoners in German custody, 2.9 million held by the
810:
In a joint work by Polish and Russian historians, Karpus and Rezmer estimate the total death toll in all Polish POW camps during the war at 16,000â17,000, while the Russian historian Matvejev estimates it at 18,000â20,000.
1142:. Human hair was often used for brushes, plant juices and blood for paint, and toilet paper as the "canvas". Some of their works were used as evidence in the trials of Japanese war criminals. Many are now held by the
922:
The escape of Felice Benuzzi, Giovanni ('GiuĂ n') Balletto, and Vincenzo ('Enzo') Barsotti from Camp 354 in Nanyuki, Kenya, on a lark to climb Mount Kenya is of particular note. The account is recorded by Benuzzi in
786:
2429:
830:
established certain provisions relative to the treatment of prisoners of war. One requirement was that POW camps were to be open to inspection by authorised representatives of a neutral power.
780:
1175:), said that the UK government had recently declassified information that some British POWs in some Japanese POW camps were subjected to being fattened, then cannibalised. Apparently,
1283:
182:
but became normal practice in Europe from 1648 onwards. The consequent increase in the number of prisoners was to lead eventually to the development of the prisoner of war camps.
1894:
3687:
1190:
More deaths occurred in Japanese POW camps than in any others. The Red Cross were not able to drop parcels into these camps because they were too well defended to fly over.
1268:
480:. It was primarily a concentration camp for civilians, of whom 26,370 Boer women and children, 14,154 black Africans, and 1,421 Boer men died during the camp's existence.
1210:
Many camps were only lightly watched, and as such, many Germans attempted escape. Tunnelling was the most common method. Peter Krug, an escapee from a prison located in
1072:
2425:
1337:) removed 15,000 North Korean and Chinese prisoners from the island and moved them to prison facilities at Ulsan and Cheju-do. These ships also participated in
3535:
2067:
550:
The first Boer POW contingent was sent to St. Helena on 11 April 1900, where they were incarcerated at the two camps on the island, Broadbottom and Deadwood.
841:
were required to perform whatever labour they were asked and able to do, so long as it was not dangerous and did not support the captor's war effort. Senior
1827:, have been accorded POW status. The International Red Cross has been permitted to visit at least some sites. Many prisoners were held in secret locations (
744:
A few countries were not on the same terms as Germany and Austria. For example, Hungary believed that harsh conditions would reduce the number of traitors.
2614:
1179:
had been aware of this atrocity, but kept the information secret; families would have been too distressed to learn that their sons had been the victims of
1091:
of Japanese officers. The sword was seen as a symbol of wisdom and perseverance to the Japanese, and they perceived that it was an honor to die by it.
582:
191:
885:
from Stalag Luft III, on the night of March 24, 1944, involved the escape of 76 Allied servicemen, although only three were able to avoid recapture.
2044:
1401:
Camp 12 â P'yong-yang- (Peace Camp) was located in the northwestern vicinity of the capitol. Nearby were several other camps including PAK's Palace.
1956:
1075:
on the side of the Allies. In 1942, after they had captured Hong Kong from the British, the Japanese established several prisoner-of-war camps in
892:, on August 5, 1944, is believed to be the largest escape of POWs in recorded history and possibly the largest prison breakout ever. At least 545
1798:, wearing a "fixed distinctive marking, visible from a distance", bearing arms openly, and conducting military operations in accordance with the
708:. The main combatant nations engaged in World War I abided by the convention and treatment of prisoners was generally good. The situation on the
2571:
2511:
300:
2206:
834:
Article 10 required that POWs should be lodged in adequately heated and lighted buildings where conditions were the same as their own troops.
581:, opened 8 January 1901, housing 150 dissidents and irreconcilables. On 10 September 1901 a parole camp for 80 prisoners, was established at
1262:
827:
139:
4095:
3667:
1326:
In 1952 the camp's administration were afraid that the prisoners would riot and demonstrate on May Day (a day honoring Communism) and so
2704:
Wilford, Timothy. Intelligence & National Security. Aug2012, Vol. 27 Issue 4, p 531â558. 28p. Historical Period: 1942 to 1945.
3709:
3788:
3570:
2484:
JeĹcy polscy w niewoli (1919â1922) Dokumenty i materiaĹy (Victors behind the fences. Polish POWs (1919â1922) Documents and materials
178:
not to take up arms. The practice of paroling enemy fighters had begun thousands of years earlier, at least as early as the time of
2727:
1742:
733:
643:
4127:
3859:
2959:
1714:
3984:
1180:
1039:
In the lead up to the Second World War, Japan had engaged in several conflicts aimed at expanding its empire, most notably the
995:
2888:
2305:
2123:
2098:
1775:
1695:
990:
2797:
1721:
3998:
1652:
1064:
911:, on December 23, 1944, was the largest POW escape to occur from an American facility. Over 25 German POWs tunneled out of
147:
4122:
4083:
3498:
1106:
to an Irish prisoner of war in Japanese-occupied Malaya. The mail is covered with Irish, British and Japanese censorship.
368:
4063:
3942:
2846:
2260:
Vasgevang! Die lewe van die Boere in die Suid-Afrikaanse krygsgevangenekampe gedurende die Anglo-Boereoorlog, 1899-1902
2245:
Vasgevang! Die lewe van die Boere in die Suid-Afrikaanse krygsgevangenekampe gedurende die Anglo-Boereoorlog, 1899-1902
2230:
Vasgevang! Die lewe van die Boere in die Suid-Afrikaanse krygsgevangenekampe gedurende die Anglo-Boereoorlog, 1899-1902
2116:
Vasgevang! Die lewe van die Boere in die Suid-Afrikaanse krygsgevangenekampe gedurende die Anglo-Boereoorlog, 1899-1902
2091:
Vasgevang! Die lewe van die Boere in die Suid-Afrikaanse krygsgevangenekampe gedurende die Anglo-Boereoorlog, 1899-1902
870:
705:
1728:
1410:
Pak's Palace Camp â P'yong-yang locale â Located in the northernmost area near the Capitol. The camp was near Camp 12.
1364:
While these POW camps were designated numerically by the communists, the POWs often gave the camps a colloquial name.
4033:
3884:
3609:
3427:
3375:
2676:
2555:
2491:
2345:
2152:
1761:
818:
There have been also cases of Polish POWs' being executed by the Soviet army, when no POW facilities were available.
814:
On the other side of the frontline about 20,000 out of about 51,000 Polish POWs died in Soviet and Lithuanian camps
799:. These prisoners lived in dugouts, and many died of hunger, cold, and infectious diseases. According to historians
347:
in Chicago, Illinois, 10% of its Confederate prisoners died during one cold winter month; and the 25% death rate at
3593:
2075:
961:
364:
4047:
4040:
3772:
3384:
2391:
Davis, Gerald H. (Summer 1987). "Prisoner of War Camps as Social Communities in Russia: Krasnoyjarsk 1914â1921".
1914:
1899:
1710:
295:
43:
4117:
3963:
2364:
Guglielmo, T. A. (2010). "'Red Cross, Double Cross': Race and America's World War IIâEra Blood Donor Service".
1919:
1904:
1699:
1357:
were intended for skilled POWs who were to be indoctrinated in communist ideologies and the third type was the
970:
126:
of an enemy power who have been captured by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.
2018:
3507:
1878:
1816:
1478:
1249:
1060:
627:
320:
236:. The camp was never adequately provisioned, but the prisoners built a theater on the site. Hundreds escaped
3751:
1774:
The United States of America refused to grant prisoner-of-war status to many prisoners captured during its
1502:
975:
771:
violence within the camp. Militants would be forced to put down the instigators and keep the camp running.
631:
2455:
4132:
2952:
2040:
1238:
1171:
1014:
980:
713:
709:
647:
639:
484:
110:, and they have been in use in all the main conflicts of the last 200 years. The main camps are used for
3949:
3928:
3556:
3443:
3011:
1948:
1278:
1273:
985:
316:
1952:
3834:
3744:
3702:
2575:
1644:
1482:
1147:
1000:
279:
221:
99:
3795:
3239:
3045:
2507:
1577:
1506:
1489:
1331:
1040:
1005:
924:
857:
Article 76 ensured that POWs who died in captivity were to be honourably interred in marked graves.
842:
271:
213:
205:
17:
2833:
2202:
1805:
The legality of this refusal has been questioned and cases are pending in the U.S. courts. In the
1735:
904:. Most sources say that 234 POWs were killed or committed suicide. The remainder were recaptured.
4054:
3977:
3893:
3730:
3542:
3114:
1799:
1791:
1688:
1496:
1450:
1143:
792:
635:
569:, with the first prisoners arriving on 9 August 1900. The majority of which were incarcerated at
220:
desired to move them south. For this purpose, one of the congressmen offered his land outside of
143:
1657:
622:
between 28 June 1901 and 16 January 1902. The camps were situated on six islands located in the
535:
Prisoner-of-war camps: Ladysmith Camp (later turned into a concentration camp) and Umbilo Camp.
3970:
3660:
3368:
3341:
3214:
3066:
2945:
2297:
1614:
1068:
1048:
897:
882:
866:
701:
344:
340:
2668:
2662:
1515:
3956:
3907:
3758:
3528:
2481:
2168:
1779:
791:
From autumn 1920, thousands of captured Red Army soldiers and guards had been placed in the
3873:
3632:
3521:
1338:
1211:
1123:
846:
682:
477:
253:
217:
171:
167:
1361:. Chinese policy did not allow for the exchange of prisoners in the first two camp types.
8:
3809:
3549:
1456:
1151:
1103:
1056:
1052:
908:
737:
275:
265:
249:
179:
163:
159:
95:
4021:
3921:
3914:
3816:
3579:
3128:
3121:
3059:
2880:
2766:
1820:
1812:
1807:
1327:
1154:
in London. The State Library of Victoria exhibited many of these works under the title
854:
in U.S. camps. The workers were also supposed to get at least one day of rest per week.
764:
367:
established prisoner-of-war camps (to hold captured Boer belligerents or fighters) and
312:
237:
233:
229:
209:
201:
103:
1852:
690:
4014:
3991:
3780:
3765:
3737:
3723:
3436:
3299:
2997:
2884:
2842:
2672:
2551:
2487:
2341:
2301:
2148:
2119:
2094:
1835:
1618:
1176:
1135:
1024:
919:, and fled into the surrounding desert. Over the next few weeks all were recaptured.
694:
686:
328:
135:
1627:
1214:, managed to escape along the railroads, using forests as cover. He made his way to
3935:
3900:
3646:
3625:
3514:
3473:
3163:
2758:
2723:
2705:
2619:
2373:
1929:
1795:
1609:
1243:
1184:
948:
927:. After their attempt to climb Mount Kenya, the trio "escaped" back into Camp 354.
916:
912:
2631:
1122:
Life in the POW camps was recorded at great risk to themselves by artists such as
585:, with a subsequent parole camp for 120 prisoners opening on 19 September 1901 at
3866:
3653:
3602:
3292:
3260:
3179:
3073:
2793:
2709:
2186:
1924:
1909:
1848:
1320:
1295:
1127:
1044:
893:
862:
804:
800:
360:
283:
146:, such camps have been required to be open to inspection by representatives of a
107:
91:
87:
72:
35:
31:
2273:
Phillimore, Geo G.; Bellot, Hugh H. L. (1919). "Treatment of Prisoners of War".
1601:
1312:
Convention. The IRC delegates dispersed boots, soap, and other requested goods.
677:
153:
3716:
3695:
3563:
3491:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3253:
3200:
2872:
2794:"Chinese operated three types of POW camps for Americans during the Korean War"
2623:
1824:
889:
861:
Not all combatants applied the provisions of the convention. In particular the
717:
566:
375:
children. The concentration camps were generally poorly administered, the food
311:
Lacking a means for dealing with large numbers of captured troops early in the
48:
1819:
were entitled to the minimal protections listed under Common Article 3 of the
1413:
Pukchin Mining Camp â between Kunu-ri and Pyoktong â (aka. Death Valley Camp).
4111:
3639:
3359:
3348:
3149:
2859:
2377:
1996:
The depot for prisoners of war at Norman Cross, Huntingdonshire, 1796 to 1816
1166:
1139:
1116:
873:
are found throughout south-east Asia and the Japanese conquered territories.
838:
574:
348:
270:
The earliest known purpose-built prisoner-of-war camp was established by the
197:
131:
2141:
1094:
787:
Polish prisoners and internees in the Soviet Union and Lithuania (1919â1921)
3841:
3802:
3466:
3450:
3232:
3186:
2968:
2173:
1562:
1084:
1028:
944:
471:
241:
2482:
Karpus, Zbigniew; StanisĹaw, Alexandrowicz; za drutami, ZwyciÄzcy (1995).
1631:
166:, a series of treaties signed between May and October 1648 that ended the
3618:
3586:
3459:
3420:
3413:
3306:
3285:
3246:
3207:
3135:
2983:
2600:
Race War!: White Supremacy and the Japanese Attack on the British Empire.
1856:
1828:
1200:
1157:
1131:
965:
939:, when around 40 million civilians and prisoners could not be saved, the
936:
756:
700:
The first international convention on prisoners of war was signed at the
623:
336:
76:
2693:
Escape from Canada â The Untold story of German POWs in Canada 1939â1945
1994:
845:(sergeants and above) were required to work only in a supervisory role.
3406:
3334:
3170:
3156:
3142:
3107:
3004:
2770:
2338:
Gefangen im GroĂen Krieg. Kriegsgefangenschaft in Deutschland 1914â1921
1874:
1861:
1787:
1783:
1702: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1605:
1341:
in September 1953 when prisoners were exchanged at the end of the war.
1112:
586:
577:, housing 150 prisoners, opening on 17 December 1900, whilst a camp at
570:
331:. While awaiting exchange, prisoners were confined to permanent camps.
304:
286:. The prison operated until 1814 and held between 3,300 and 6,272 men.
56:
943:
was entrusted with more rights and responsibilities. In the course of
3267:
2648:
1622:
1437:
1349:
The Chinese operated three types of POW camps during the Korean war.
1294:
In many POW camps, cigarettes were widely used as currency known as '
940:
901:
796:
500:
256:; and perhaps elsewhere. No remains of the encampment site are left.
245:
2918:
2762:
2272:
1677:
1531:
343:, 13,000 (28%) of the 45,000 Union soldiers confined there died. At
3022:
2990:
2010:
1865:
1519:
763:, Russia, was used after the Russian defeat to the Japanese in the
413:
127:
2409:
3080:
3052:
3031:
2858:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2749:
Radford, R.A. (1945). "The Economic Organisation of a POW Camp".
1839:
1316:
1215:
1076:
760:
619:
119:
111:
2937:
2486:. ToruĹ: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu MikoĹaja Kopernika w Toruniu.
1407:
Camp DeSoto â P'yong-yang locale â The camp was near to Camp 12.
3091:
2612:
Stearn, Roger T. "Toosey, Sir Philip John Denton (1904â1975)".
2451:
1895:
List of World War II prisoner-of-war camps in the United States
1661:
1648:
1535:
Map of North Vietnamese Army POW camps, along with descriptions
1431:
1099:
1088:
1018:
1009:
781:
Camps for Russian prisoners and internees in Poland (1919â1924)
578:
376:
351:
in New York State very nearly equaled that of Andersonville's.
324:
278:, in 1797 to house the increasing number of prisoners from the
225:
175:
123:
115:
3688:
Association for the Protection and Assistance of the Convicted
2508:"International Humanitarian Law â State Parties / Signatories"
2291:
2118:. Centurion, South Africa: Kraal Uitgewers. pp. 172â174.
807:, up to 2000 prisoners died in the camp during its operation.
565:
Approximately 5,500 Boer prisoners of war were transported to
71:) is a site for the containment of enemy fighters captured as
47:
North Korean and Chinese Communist prisoners assembled at the
4005:
3038:
2188:
The Concentration Camps, 1900â1902: Facts, Figures and Fables
1541:
1219:
851:
505:
Prisoner-of-war camps: Greenpoint Camp No. 1 and Camp No. 2.
154:
Detention of prisoners of war before the development of camps
52:
307:
soldier on his release from a confederate prison around 1865
2645:
2572:"The Great Escape at Camp Papago Park: The Swastika Tattoo"
2262:. Centurion, South Africa: Kraal Uitgewers. pp. 27â28.
1882:
1869:
1843:
1831:) around the world. The identified sites are listed below:
2138:
573:, which opened 8 August 1900, with a convalescent camp at
2925:
Haunted by Atrocity: Civil War Prisons in American Memory
2294:
Disobedience and Conspiracy in the German Army, 1918â1945
323:
governments relied on the traditional European system of
80:
2359:
2357:
2093:. Centurion, South Africa: Kraal Uitgewers. p. 12.
1512:
Qui Nhon (Phu Tai) â opened March 1968 (for female PoWs)
869:
was under orders to execute all prisoners taken at sea.
2534:
Slaughter at Sea: The Story of Japan's Naval War Crimes
2247:. Centurion, South Africa: Kraal Uitgewers. p. 26.
2232:. Centurion, South Africa: Kraal Uitgewers. p. 24.
1790:, which did not meet the requirements laid down by the
138:, have also been imprisoned in some conflicts. Per the
2913:
Byrne, Frank L., "Libby Prison: A Study in Emotions,"
2644:
Not, of course, considering the numbers killed by the
2595:
2593:
2664:
Surviving The Sword Prisoners of the Japanese 1942â45
2354:
1568:"Mountain Camp" â 64 km (40 mi) NW of Hanoi
520:
Prisoner-of-war camps: Bellevue Camp and South Camp.
248:
in late 1780, the remaining prisoners were moved to
150:, but this hasn't always been consistently applied.
2590:
2184:
1992:
1574:"Rockpile" â 51 km (32 mi) South of Hanoi
1555:"Dogpatch" â 169 km (105 mi) NNE of Hanoi
1549:"Camp Faith" â 14 km (9 mi) West of Hanoi
1546:"Briarpatch" â 53 km (33 mi) WNW of Hanoi
1374:
Camp 3 â Changsong â near Camp 1 on the Yalu River.
1368:
Camp 1 â Changsong â near Camp 3 on the Yalu River.
86:There are significant differences among POW camps,
2140:
1558:"Farnsworth" â 29 km (18 mi) SW of Hanoi
837:Articles 27â32 detailed the conditions of labour.
192:Prisoners of war in the American Revolutionary War
94:. Purpose-built prisoner-of-war camps appeared at
2908:So Far from Dixie: Confederates in Yankee Prisons
1977:
185:
4109:
4028:United Kingdom and British overseas territories
2390:
2363:
2169:A Century of Postgraduate Anglo Boer War Studies
720:, and about 720,000 held by Britain and France.
2412:Red Army POWs in the Polish POW camps 1919â1922
2340:. Essen: Klartext Verlag. pp. 93â128â320.
2041:"Andersonville: Prisoner of War Camp-Reading 1"
1353:housed POWs who were sympathetic to communism,
1315:A prison camp was established on the island of
1034:
476:The camp was constructed in 1900 following the
2871:
1583:"Skidrow" â 10 km (6 mi) SW of Hanoi
1526:
1047:at the outbreak of war in Europe, in 1941 the
828:1929 Geneva Convention on the Prisoners of War
2953:
2660:
2068:"US Civil War Prison Camps Claimed Thousands"
1782:. This was mainly because it classed them as
2618:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2477:
2475:
2473:
1667:
1432:South Vietnamese Army camps in South Vietnam
1207:sickness caused by the elements was common.
2410:Rezmer, W.; Karpus, Zbigniew; Matvejev, G.
618:Approximately 4,500 prisoners were sent to
289:
259:
3710:International Network of Prison Ministries
2960:
2946:
2721:
2695:. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada. D805.C2M45
2452:"ĐĐĐĐĐĐŤĐ ĐĐ ĐĐĄĐĐĐĐ ĐĐĐĐŚĐŤ Đ ĐĐĐĐŹĐĄĐĐĐĽ ĐĐĐĐĐ ĐŻĐĽ"
2403:
896:POWs attempted to escape from a camp near
240:because of the shortage of guards. As the
140:1929 Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War
2470:
2292:Robert B. Kane; Peter Loewenberg (2008).
2257:
2242:
2227:
2113:
2088:
1762:Learn how and when to remove this message
1289:
3536:Mentally ill people in the United States
2827:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2319:
2317:
1530:
1093:
930:
734:International Committee of the Red Cross
676:
483:
299:
42:
2748:
2615:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2545:
2432:from the original on September 24, 2011
1935:
1580:â 37 km (23 mi) West of Hanoi
1265:and German-occupied countries (Stalags)
1083:orders would be sentenced to death via
14:
4110:
3789:Prison Officers' Association (Ireland)
2877:Prisoners of War: A Reference Handbook
2841:. Department of the Army. p. 67.
2667:. London: Time Warner Books. pp.
2047:from the original on November 18, 2007
1371:Camp 2 â Pyoktong â on the Yalu River.
1071:, which had brought the United States
996:List of POW camps in the United States
212:and Brunswick) troops were marched to
2941:
2831:
2812:
2786:
2314:
2139:Judd, Denis; Surridge, Keith (2003).
1986:
1959:from the original on October 24, 2012
1169:(who had recently completed his book
991:List of POW camps in occupied Germany
4091:
2730:from the original on January 1, 2016
2605:
2426:"CzerwonoarmiĹci w niewoli polskiej"
2335:
2209:from the original on August 15, 2013
2021:from the original on August 29, 2011
1700:adding citations to reliable sources
1671:
1653:Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
1444:
1416:Sunchon Tunnel â - (aka. Caves Camp)
774:
727:
27:Site for holding captured combatants
2783:Truce Tent and Fighting Front, 1992
2458:from the original on April 17, 2010
2275:Transactions of the Grotius Society
24:
2800:from the original on April 3, 2013
2611:
2514:from the original on March 7, 2012
1811:court case, on June 29, 2006, the
1344:
1079:to house Allied prisoners of war.
25:
4144:
2967:
2536:(Naval Institute Press, 2008) p94
1193:
712:was significantly worse than the
383:
4090:
4079:
4078:
2853:
1794:of 1949 such as being part of a
1676:
1590:
1499:area was opened in November 1966
1284:List of POW camps in Switzerland
962:Featherston prisoner of war camp
3860:Countries by incarceration rate
3773:Prison Fellowship International
2932:Elmira: Death Camp of the North
2900:
2865:
2777:
2742:
2724:"Kriegsgefangenenlager (Liste)"
2715:
2698:
2685:
2654:
2638:
2564:
2539:
2526:
2500:
2444:
2418:
2384:
2329:
2285:
2266:
2251:
2236:
2221:
2195:
2178:
2161:
1915:List of prisoner-of-war escapes
1900:American Civil War prison camps
1687:needs additional citations for
955:
821:
704:of 1899. It was widened by the
488:Bloemfontein concentration camp
296:American Civil War prison camps
4128:Lists of prisoner-of-war camps
2835:Law at War: Vietnam, 1964-1973
2132:
2107:
2082:
2074:. July 1, 2003. Archived from
2059:
2033:
2003:
1971:
1941:
1920:List of World War II POW camps
1905:Finnish Civil War prison camps
1776:War in Afghanistan (2001â2021)
1638:
1586:"The Zoo" â SW suburb of Hanoi
1426:
1419:Suan Mining Camp â P'yong-yang
971:List of POW camps in Australia
751:
672:
186:Development of temporary camps
98:in England in 1797 during the
13:
1:
1817:Guantanamo Bay detention camp
1595:
1571:"Plantation â Northeast Hanoi
1552:"Dirty Bird" â Northern Hanoi
1495:Da Nang camp (Non Nuoc) â in
1306:
1301:
1256:
1250:Defence of Canada Regulations
1218:, where he then travelled to
1087:, usually carried out by the
1051:launched surprise attacks on
3752:Prison Advice and Care Trust
2710:10.1080/02684527.2012.688306
2632:UK public library membership
2185:Arthur Clive Martin (1957).
1993:Thomas James Walker (1913).
1823:. Other captives, including
1263:List of POW camps in Germany
1098:A triple-censored mail from
1035:Conditions in Japanese camps
976:List of POW camps in Britain
7:
2915:Journal of Southern History
2510:. Icrc.org. July 27, 1929.
2366:Journal of American History
2203:"Black Concentration Camps"
2011:"National Life After Death"
1888:
1815:ruled that the captives at
1540:"Alcatraz" â North Central
1527:North Vietnamese Army camps
1492:area was opened August 1966
1239:William Lyon Mackenzie King
1043:. Although maintaining its
1015:Skorpa prisoner of war camp
981:List of POW camps in Canada
354:
216:. For various reasons, the
10:
4149:
4123:Imprisonment and detention
4084:Imprisonment and detention
3012:Stanford prison experiment
2205:. Anglo-boer.co.za. 2010.
1999:. Constable & Company.
1978:Fooks, Herbert C. (1924).
1509:area was opened early 1967
1279:List of POW camps in Japan
1274:List of POW camps in Italy
1269:List of Japanese war ships
986:List of POW camps in Kenya
947:, it provided millions of
876:
784:
778:
293:
263:
204:in 1777, several thousand
189:
142:, later superseded by the
51:' prisoner-of-war camp at
29:
4073:
3883:
3851:
3826:
3745:Prison abolition movement
3703:Florida Justice Institute
3679:
3483:
3398:
3358:
3277:
3224:
3099:
3090:
3021:
2975:
2550:. Mainstream Publishers.
2323:
2258:Changuion, Louis (2022).
2243:Changuion, Louis (2022).
2228:Changuion, Louis (2022).
2191:. H. Timmins. p. 31.
2114:Changuion, Louis (2022).
2089:Changuion, Louis (2022).
1668:Afghanistan and Iraq wars
1565:" â Hoa Lo, Central Hanoi
1148:State Library of Victoria
1001:List of POW camps in USSR
843:Non-commissioned officers
280:French Revolutionary Wars
244:moved northward from the
222:Charlottesville, Virginia
106:, constructed during the
100:French Revolutionary Wars
3796:The Prison Phoenix Trust
3240:Administrative detention
2072:National Geographic News
1485:area was opened May 1966
1472:
1462:Tam Hiep National Prison
1422:Valley Camps â Teksil-li
1377:Camp 4 â north of Camp 2
1041:Second Sino-Japanese War
1023:Zonderwater POW camp in
1006:Lom prisoner of war camp
925:No Picnic on Mount Kenya
706:Hague Convention of 1907
685:" at the prison camp of
290:American Civil War camps
272:Kingdom of Great Britain
260:First purpose-built camp
214:Cambridge, Massachusetts
30:Not to be confused with
3874:Films featuring prisons
3731:Mount Tamalpais College
3385:Prisoner-of-war escapes
3115:Corrective labor colony
2393:East European Quarterly
2298:McFarland & Company
1953:EncyclopĂŚdia Britannica
1949:"Prisoner of war (POW)"
1800:laws and customs of war
1792:Third Geneva Convention
1465:Thu Duc National Prison
1386:Camp 7 â near Pyoktong.
1380:Camp 5 â near Pyoktong.
1165:In 2016, war historian
1144:Australian War Memorial
793:Tuchola internment camp
228:to live as far away as
144:Third Geneva Convention
3508:Contemplative programs
3215:Youth detention center
3067:Prisoner of conscience
2661:Macarthur, B. (2005).
2624:10.1093/ref:odnb/65101
2378:10.2307/jahist/97.1.63
2147:. Palgrave Macmillan.
1711:"Prisoner-of-war camp"
1615:Sremska Mitrovica camp
1536:
1468:plus 42 Province jails
1290:Cigarettes as currency
1107:
898:Cowra, New South Wales
850:paid $ .80 per day in
702:Hague Peace Conference
697:
489:
341:Andersonville, Georgia
308:
67:(often abbreviated as
60:
4118:Prisoner-of-war camps
3759:Prison-Ashram Project
2917:1958 24(4): 430â444.
2875:(November 30, 2007).
2832:Prugh, Georg (1975).
2546:Carroll, Tim (2004).
2078:on February 25, 2010.
1838:â 32 km west of
1780:2003 invasion of Iraq
1534:
1392:Camp 9 â P'yong-yang.
1097:
931:Role of the Red Cross
847:Commissioned officers
736:held a conference in
680:
487:
329:exchange of prisoners
303:
122:, and more recently,
46:
3943:Ireland, Republic of
3633:Solitary confinement
3194:Prisoner-of-war camp
1980:Prisoners of War 297
1936:Notes and references
1696:improve this article
1658:LapuĹĄnik prison camp
1645:ÄelebiÄi prison camp
1436:By the end of 1965,
1383:Camp 6 â P'yong-yang
1339:Operation Big Switch
1212:Bowmanville, Ontario
1172:The Second World War
1124:Jack Bridger Chalker
478:Battle of Paardeberg
254:Winchester, Virginia
218:Continental Congress
200:'s surrender at the
65:prisoner-of-war camp
3810:Prison Reform Trust
2923:Cloyd, Benjamin G.
2578:on October 29, 2013
1851:â near Charikar in
1518:â off the coast of
1330:ships (such as the
1152:Imperial War Museum
909:Great Papago Escape
738:Geneva, Switzerland
369:concentration camps
266:Norman Cross Prison
250:Frederick, Maryland
164:Peace of Westphalia
160:Peace of Westphalia
4133:Total institutions
3817:WriteAPrisoner.com
3580:Protective custody
3129:Extermination camp
3060:Political prisoner
2930:Horigan, Michael.
2881:Praeger Publishers
2548:The Great Escapers
2336:Hinz, Uta (2006).
1821:Geneva Conventions
1813:U.S. Supreme Court
1808:Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
1537:
1328:United States Navy
1231:Japanese in Canada
1108:
871:Japanese POW camps
765:Russo-Japanese war
698:
693:in 1918 after the
490:
365:British government
313:American Civil War
309:
238:Albemarle Barracks
202:Battle of Saratoga
196:Following General
136:war correspondents
104:HM Prison Dartmoor
61:
4105:
4104:
4041:England and Wales
3781:Prison Legal News
3766:Prison Fellowship
3724:Justice Defenders
3394:
3393:
2998:Prison healthcare
2906:Burnham, Philip.
2890:978-0-275-99300-9
2691:Melady.J (1981).
2630:(Subscription or
2307:978-0-7864-3744-3
2125:978-1-990915-11-6
2100:978-1-990915-11-6
1836:Abu Ghraib prison
1772:
1771:
1764:
1746:
1619:Sremska Mitrovica
1488:Pleiku camp â in
1445:Prisons and jails
1398:Camp 11 â Pukchin
1395:Camp 10 â Chon ma
1389:Camp 8 â Kangdong
1177:Winston Churchill
1136:Ashley George Old
1049:Japanese military
949:Red Cross parcels
775:PolishâSoviet War
728:Geneva Conference
695:Finnish Civil War
670:
669:
172:Eighty Years' War
168:Thirty Years' War
132:merchant mariners
79:power in time of
16:(Redirected from
4140:
4098:
4094:
4093:
4086:
4082:
4081:
4066:
4057:
4050:
4048:Northern Ireland
4043:
4036:
4029:
4024:
4017:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3844:
3837:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3612:
3605:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3501:
3494:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3387:
3378:
3371:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3254:Maximum security
3249:
3242:
3235:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3097:
3096:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2939:
2938:
2895:
2894:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2840:
2829:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2790:
2784:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2726:. Moosburg.org.
2722:Werner Schwarz.
2719:
2713:
2702:
2696:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2658:
2652:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2627:
2609:
2603:
2602:NYU Press (2005)
2597:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2574:. Archived from
2568:
2562:
2561:
2543:
2537:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2479:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2361:
2352:
2351:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2312:
2311:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2182:
2176:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2146:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1945:
1930:Eden Camp Museum
1796:chain of command
1767:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1747:
1745:
1704:
1680:
1672:
1610:Republika Srpska
1522:, opened in 1968
1404:Bean Camp â Suan
1359:normal POW camps
1244:War Measures Act
1241:implemented the
1185:killed in action
917:Phoenix, Arizona
913:Camp Papago Park
632:Darrell's Island
583:Urugasmanhandiya
388:
387:
92:military prisons
88:internment camps
73:prisoners of war
21:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4101:
4089:
4077:
4069:
4062:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3955:
3948:
3941:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3892:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3822:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3686:
3675:
3666:
3661:Women in prison
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3608:
3601:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3569:
3564:Private prisons
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3497:
3490:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3449:
3442:
3435:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3390:
3383:
3374:
3367:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3225:Security levels
3220:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3086:
3079:
3074:Prisoner of war
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2971:
2966:
2903:
2898:
2891:
2870:
2866:
2854:
2849:
2838:
2830:
2813:
2803:
2801:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2778:
2763:10.2307/2550133
2757:(48): 189â201.
2747:
2743:
2733:
2731:
2720:
2716:
2703:
2699:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2659:
2655:
2643:
2639:
2629:
2610:
2606:
2598:
2591:
2581:
2579:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2558:
2544:
2540:
2531:
2527:
2517:
2515:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2480:
2471:
2461:
2459:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2433:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2408:
2404:
2389:
2385:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2334:
2330:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2300:. p. 240.
2290:
2286:
2271:
2267:
2256:
2252:
2241:
2237:
2226:
2222:
2212:
2210:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2183:
2179:
2166:
2162:
2155:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2087:
2083:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2050:
2048:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1991:
1987:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1925:Military prison
1910:Internment camp
1891:
1849:Bagram Air Base
1768:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1705:
1703:
1693:
1681:
1670:
1641:
1598:
1593:
1529:
1475:
1459:National Prison
1453:National Prison
1447:
1434:
1429:
1347:
1345:Communist camps
1321:Francis T. Dodd
1309:
1304:
1296:commodity money
1292:
1259:
1196:
1128:Philip Meninsky
1037:
958:
933:
879:
863:Empire of Japan
824:
805:Waldemar Rezmer
801:Zbigniew Karpus
789:
783:
777:
754:
730:
675:
648:Tucker's Island
644:Morgan's Island
640:Hinson's Island
386:
361:Second Boer War
357:
339:, located near
298:
292:
284:Napoleonic Wars
268:
262:
194:
188:
156:
108:Napoleonic Wars
39:
36:military prison
32:internment camp
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4146:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4087:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4051:
4044:
4037:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4010:
4009:
3995:
3988:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3838:
3835:Rehabilitation
3830:
3828:
3827:Leaving prison
3824:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3717:Justice Action
3713:
3706:
3699:
3696:Black and Pink
3692:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3583:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3447:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3417:
3410:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3369:Prison escapes
3364:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3243:
3236:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3167:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3103:
3101:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3027:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2965:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2911:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2889:
2883:. p. 71.
2873:Arnold Krammer
2864:
2848:978-1517627737
2847:
2811:
2796:. April 1997.
2785:
2776:
2741:
2714:
2697:
2684:
2677:
2653:
2637:
2604:
2589:
2563:
2556:
2538:
2525:
2499:
2492:
2469:
2443:
2417:
2414:. p. 671.
2402:
2383:
2353:
2346:
2328:
2313:
2306:
2284:
2265:
2250:
2235:
2220:
2194:
2177:
2160:
2153:
2131:
2124:
2106:
2099:
2081:
2058:
2032:
2002:
1985:
1970:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1879:Guantanamo Bay
1872:
1859:
1846:
1825:Saddam Hussein
1770:
1769:
1684:
1682:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1655:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1628:StajiÄevo camp
1625:
1612:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1513:
1510:
1500:
1493:
1486:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1454:
1446:
1443:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1346:
1343:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1258:
1255:
1234:
1233:
1203:and Normandy.
1195:
1194:Canadian camps
1192:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1021:
1012:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
957:
954:
932:
929:
890:Cowra breakout
878:
875:
859:
858:
855:
839:Enlisted ranks
835:
823:
820:
785:Main article:
779:Main article:
776:
773:
753:
750:
729:
726:
718:Russian Empire
674:
671:
668:
667:
665:
663:
660:
658:
654:
653:
651:
636:Hawkins Island
616:
613:
611:
607:
606:
604:
602:
599:
597:
593:
592:
590:
563:
560:
558:
554:
553:
551:
548:
545:
543:
539:
538:
536:
533:
530:
528:
524:
523:
521:
518:
515:
513:
509:
508:
506:
503:
498:
496:
492:
491:
481:
474:
469:
467:
463:
462:
460:
458:
455:
453:
449:
448:
446:
444:
441:
439:
435:
434:
432:
430:
427:
425:
421:
420:
418:
416:
411:
409:
405:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
385:
384:Boer War camps
382:
356:
353:
294:Main article:
291:
288:
264:Main article:
261:
258:
190:Main article:
187:
184:
155:
152:
49:United Nations
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4145:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4097:
4088:
4085:
4076:
4075:
4072:
4065:
4064:United States
4061:
4056:
4052:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4031:
4030:
4026:
4023:
4019:
4016:
4012:
4007:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3951:
3947:
3944:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3926:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3912:
3909:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3807:
3804:
3800:
3797:
3793:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3763:
3760:
3756:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3714:
3711:
3707:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:Organizations
3678:
3669:
3668:United States
3665:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3611:
3610:United States
3607:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3595:
3594:United States
3591:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3577:
3572:
3571:United States
3568:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3543:Mobile phones
3540:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3500:
3499:United States
3496:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3484:Social issues
3482:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3464:
3461:
3457:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3429:
3428:United States
3425:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3386:
3382:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3350:
3346:
3343:
3342:Trusty system
3339:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2969:Incarceration
2963:
2958:
2956:
2951:
2949:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2892:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2861:
2860:public domain
2850:
2844:
2837:
2836:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2799:
2795:
2789:
2780:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2745:
2729:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2694:
2688:
2680:
2678:0-349-11937-6
2674:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2657:
2650:
2647:
2641:
2633:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2608:
2601:
2596:
2594:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2559:
2557:1-84018-904-5
2553:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2532:Mark Felton,
2529:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2495:
2493:83-231-0627-4
2489:
2485:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2413:
2406:
2398:
2394:
2387:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2360:
2358:
2349:
2347:3-89861-352-6
2343:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2320:
2318:
2309:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2288:
2280:
2276:
2269:
2261:
2254:
2246:
2239:
2231:
2224:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2190:
2189:
2181:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2164:
2156:
2154:1-4039-6150-6
2150:
2145:
2144:
2135:
2127:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2102:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2006:
1998:
1997:
1989:
1981:
1974:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1940:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1766:
1763:
1755:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1713: â
1712:
1708:
1707:Find sources:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1685:This section
1683:
1679:
1674:
1673:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1591:Yugoslav wars
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1521:
1517:
1516:PhĂş Quáťc camp
1514:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1479:Bien Hoa camp
1477:
1476:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1299:
1297:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1167:Antony Beevor
1163:
1161:
1159:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1140:Ronald Searle
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1117:Philip Toosey
1114:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
963:
960:
959:
953:
950:
946:
942:
938:
928:
926:
920:
918:
914:
910:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
886:
884:
874:
872:
868:
867:Imperial Navy
864:
856:
853:
848:
844:
840:
836:
833:
832:
831:
829:
819:
815:
812:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
788:
782:
772:
768:
766:
762:
758:
749:
745:
742:
739:
735:
725:
721:
719:
715:
714:western front
711:
710:eastern front
707:
703:
696:
692:
688:
684:
683:red prisoners
679:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
655:
652:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
614:
612:
609:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
594:
591:
588:
584:
580:
576:
575:Mount Lavinia
572:
568:
564:
561:
559:
556:
555:
552:
549:
546:
544:
541:
540:
537:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
522:
519:
516:
514:
511:
510:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
493:
486:
482:
479:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
450:
447:
445:
443:Nooitgedacht
442:
440:
437:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
422:
419:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
406:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
389:
381:
378:
372:
370:
366:
362:
352:
350:
349:Elmira Prison
346:
342:
338:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
306:
302:
297:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
267:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
198:John Burgoyne
193:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
151:
149:
148:neutral power
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
58:
54:
50:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3999:Soviet Union
3842:Work release
3803:Prison Radio
3779:
3550:Overcrowding
3233:House arrest
3193:
3187:Penal colony
2931:
2924:
2914:
2907:
2901:Bibliography
2876:
2867:
2834:
2802:. Retrieved
2788:
2779:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2732:. Retrieved
2717:
2700:
2692:
2687:
2663:
2656:
2640:
2613:
2607:
2599:
2580:. Retrieved
2576:the original
2566:
2547:
2541:
2533:
2528:
2516:. Retrieved
2502:
2483:
2460:. Retrieved
2446:
2434:. Retrieved
2420:
2411:
2405:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2372:(1): 63â90.
2369:
2365:
2337:
2331:
2293:
2287:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2259:
2253:
2244:
2238:
2229:
2223:
2211:. Retrieved
2197:
2187:
2180:
2174:Google Books
2172:, p. 32, at
2167:
2163:
2143:The Boer War
2142:
2134:
2115:
2109:
2090:
2084:
2076:the original
2071:
2061:
2051:November 28,
2049:. Retrieved
2035:
2023:. Retrieved
2014:
2005:
1995:
1988:
1979:
1973:
1961:. Retrieved
1943:
1806:
1804:
1773:
1758:
1749:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1706:
1694:Please help
1689:verification
1686:
1602:ManjaÄa camp
1563:Hanoi Hilton
1503:Can Tho camp
1435:
1363:
1358:
1355:reform camps
1354:
1350:
1348:
1334:Gunston Hall
1333:
1325:
1314:
1310:
1293:
1248:
1242:
1235:
1230:
1226:recaptured.
1224:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1189:
1183:rather than
1170:
1164:
1155:
1121:
1109:
1085:decapitation
1081:
1073:into the war
1069:Pearl Harbor
1038:
1029:South Africa
956:Allied camps
945:World War II
934:
921:
906:
887:
883:Great Escape
880:
860:
825:
822:World War II
816:
813:
809:
790:
769:
755:
746:
743:
731:
722:
699:
681:A group of "
472:Bloemfontein
373:
358:
345:Camp Douglas
333:
310:
276:Norman Cross
269:
242:British Army
208:and German (
195:
157:
96:Norman Cross
85:
68:
64:
62:
40:
3971:North Korea
3964:New Zealand
3557:Pay-to-stay
2984:Criminology
2582:October 26,
2324:Hinz (2006)
2043:. Nps.gov.
1963:October 27,
1857:Afghanistan
1829:black sites
1639:Other Camps
1634:, Vojvodina
1427:Vietnam War
1351:Peace camps
1181:cannibalism
1162:, in 1995.
1158:Arthur Moon
1132:John Mennie
1065:Philippines
966:New Zealand
937:World War I
757:Krasnoyarsk
752:Krasnoyarsk
673:World War I
628:Burt Island
624:Great Sound
547:St. Helena
517:Simonstown
359:During the
337:Camp Sumter
321:Confederate
158:Before the
77:belligerent
55:during the
4112:Categories
3885:By country
3522:Informants
3437:Literature
3376:Helicopter
3335:Sally port
3300:Commissary
3278:Components
3171:Chain gang
3157:Labor camp
3143:Internment
3108:Black site
3005:Punishment
2634:required.)
1875:Camp Delta
1862:Camp Bucca
1788:terrorists
1784:insurgents
1722:newspapers
1606:Banja Luka
1596:Serb Camps
1307:U.N. camps
1302:Korean War
1257:Axis camps
1160:Collection
1156:The Major
1150:, and the
1113:emaciation
1045:neutrality
587:Hambantota
571:Diyatalawa
457:Barberton
391:Combatant
305:Union Army
130:, such as
57:Korean War
3894:Australia
3626:Sexuality
3515:Education
3474:Tattooing
3268:Death row
3164:Battalion
3023:Prisoners
2804:March 30,
2751:Economica
2649:Holocaust
2518:April 14,
2462:April 13,
2436:April 13,
2399:(2): 147.
1752:July 2020
1632:StajiÄevo
1623:Vojvodina
1483:III Corps
1438:Viet Cong
1323:captive.
1237:Minister
1057:Singapore
1053:Hong Kong
941:Red Cross
902:Australia
797:Pomerania
662:Portugal
657:Overseas
610:Overseas
596:Overseas
557:Overseas
542:Overseas
501:Cape Town
429:Waterval
397:Location
246:Carolinas
128:Civilians
4055:Scotland
3690:(Brazil)
3654:Violence
3603:Religion
3444:American
3293:Cemetery
3261:Supermax
3180:Military
3122:Debtors'
3046:Detainee
3039:Criminal
2991:Penology
2919:in JSTOR
2798:Archived
2734:July 19,
2728:Archived
2512:Archived
2456:Archived
2430:Archived
2326:, p. 92.
2281:: 47â64.
2213:July 19,
2207:Archived
2045:Archived
2025:July 19,
2019:Archived
1957:Archived
1889:See also
1866:Umm Qasr
1520:Cambodia
1507:IV Corps
1490:II Corps
1247:and the
1061:Thailand
1025:Cullinan
894:Japanese
687:Dragsvik
615:Bermuda
527:British
512:British
495:British
466:British
414:Pretoria
355:Boer War
282:and the
234:Staunton
230:Richmond
180:Carthage
170:and the
120:soldiers
69:POW camp
18:POW Camp
4096:Commons
4034:Bermuda
4022:Ukraine
3950:Jamaica
3929:Iceland
3922:Germany
3915:Estonia
3867:Prisons
3647:Suicide
3640:Strikes
3399:Culture
3328:Officer
3321:Nursery
3314:Library
3201:Private
3092:Prisons
3053:Hostage
3032:Convict
2976:Science
2771:2550133
1864:â near
1840:Baghdad
1736:scholar
1578:Sƥn Tây
1497:I Corps
1457:Chà Hòa
1451:CĂ´n Äảo
1317:Koje-do
1216:Toronto
1104:Ireland
1077:Kowloon
915:, near
877:Escapes
761:Siberia
620:Bermuda
562:Ceylon
377:rations
226:paroled
210:Hessian
206:British
116:sailors
112:marines
59:in 1951
4015:Turkey
3992:Russia
3978:Norway
3360:Escape
3349:Warden
3150:Island
2934:(2002)
2910:(2003)
2887:
2845:
2769:
2675:
2628:
2554:
2490:
2344:
2304:
2151:
2122:
2097:
1853:Parvan
1738:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1709:
1662:Kosovo
1649:Konjic
1201:Dieppe
1138:, and
1100:Arklow
1089:katana
1067:, and
1063:, the
1019:Norway
1010:Norway
935:After
691:Ekenäs
601:India
579:Ragama
567:Ceylon
532:Natal
403:Image
400:Notes
363:, the
325:parole
315:, the
176:parole
124:airmen
90:, and
4006:Gulag
3957:Japan
3936:India
3908:China
3901:Chile
3852:Lists
3619:Riots
3492:Abuse
3467:Slang
3451:Blogs
3100:Types
3081:Slave
2839:(PDF)
2767:JSTOR
2669:1â440
2015:Slate
1743:JSTOR
1729:books
1542:Hanoi
1505:â in
1481:â in
1473:Camps
1220:Texas
852:scrip
795:, in
452:Boer
438:Boer
424:Boer
408:Boer
394:Name
317:Union
75:by a
53:Busan
3985:Peru
3587:Rape
3529:LGBT
3460:Ring
3421:Gang
3414:Film
3307:Food
3286:Cell
3247:Open
3208:Ship
3136:Farm
2885:ISBN
2843:ISBN
2806:2013
2736:2013
2673:ISBN
2646:Nazi
2584:2013
2552:ISBN
2520:2012
2488:ISBN
2464:2013
2438:2013
2342:ISBN
2302:ISBN
2215:2013
2149:ISBN
2120:ISBN
2095:ISBN
2053:2008
2027:2013
1965:2012
1883:Cuba
1870:Iraq
1844:Iraq
1778:and
1715:news
1332:USS
907:The
888:The
881:The
826:The
803:and
732:The
646:and
327:and
319:and
232:and
134:and
102:and
3738:POA
3407:Art
2759:doi
2706:doi
2620:doi
2374:doi
1786:or
1698:by
759:in
650:).
274:at
81:war
34:or
4114::
2879:.
2814:^
2765:.
2755:12
2753:.
2671:.
2592:^
2472:^
2454:.
2428:.
2397:21
2395:.
2370:97
2368:.
2356:^
2316:^
2296:.
2277:.
2070:.
2017:.
2013:.
1955:.
1951:.
1881:,
1877:â
1868:,
1855:,
1842:,
1802:.
1660:â
1651:,
1647:â
1630:â
1621:,
1617:â
1608:,
1604:â
1222:.
1187:.
1146:,
1134:,
1130:,
1126:,
1102:,
1059:,
1055:,
1027:,
1017:,
1008:,
964:,
900:,
689:,
642:,
638:,
634:,
630:,
589:.
252:;
118:,
114:,
83:.
63:A
2961:e
2954:t
2947:v
2893:.
2862:.
2851:.
2808:.
2773:.
2761::
2738:.
2712:.
2708::
2681:.
2651:.
2626:.
2622::
2586:.
2560:.
2522:.
2496:.
2466:.
2440:.
2380:.
2376::
2350:.
2310:.
2279:5
2217:.
2157:.
2128:.
2103:.
2065:|
2055:.
2029:.
1982:.
1967:.
1765:)
1759:(
1754:)
1750:(
1740:¡
1733:¡
1726:¡
1719:¡
1692:.
1561:"
626:(
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.