599:; and on 5 December the Commons announced the impeachment of Arundell. A month later Parliament was dissolved, and the proceedings were interrupted. In March 1679, it was resolved by both houses that the dissolution had not invalidated the motions for the impeachment. On 10 April 1679 Arundell and three of his companions (Belasyse was too ill to attend) were brought to the House of Lords to put in pleas against the articles of impeachment. Arundell complained of the uncertainty of the charges, and implored the peers to have them "reduced to competent certainty" but on 24 April this plea was voted irregular, and on 26 April the prisoners were again brought to the House of Lords and ordered to amend their pleas. Arundell replied by briefly declaring himself not guilty.
634:
520:. He remained unconvinced by Oates' accusations, but Parliament and public opinion forced him to order an investigation. Parliament truly believed that this plot was real, declaring, "This House is of opinion that there hath been and still is a damnable and hellish plot contrived and carried out by the popish recusants for assigning and murdering the King." Tonge was called to testify on 25 October 1678 where he gave evidence on the Great Fire and, later, rumours of another similar plot. On 1 November, both Houses ordered an investigation in which a Frenchman, Choqueux, was discovered to be storing
447:. Wakeman was later acquitted. Despite Oates' unsavoury reputation, the councillors were impressed by his confidence, his grasp of detail and his remarkable memory. A turning point came when he was shown five letters, supposedly written by well-known priests and giving details of the plot, which he was suspected of forging: Oates "at a single glance" named each of the alleged authors. At this the council were "amazed" and began to give much greater credence to the plot; apparently it did not occur to them that Oates' ability to recognise the letters made it
762:, under which he had pardoned many of his former opponents in 1660, he remarked that his people had never previously had cause to complain of his mercy. At the trial of Sir George Wakeman, and several priests who were tried with him, Scroggs virtually ordered the jury to acquit all of them, and despite public uproar, the King made it clear that he approved of Scroggs' conduct. On 31 August 1681, Oates was told to leave his apartments in Whitehall, but remained undeterred and even denounced the King and the Duke of York. He was arrested for
903:
888:
941:
919:
991:
347:, would poison him. When the King demanded proof, the chemist offered to bring Tonge who knew of these matters personally. The King did agree to see both Kirkby and Tonge that evening, when he gave them a short audience. At this stage, he was already sceptical, but he was apparently not ready to rule out the possibility that there might be a plot of some sort (otherwise, Kenyon argues, he would not have given these two very obscure men a private audience). Charles told Kirkby to present Tonge to
959:
773:, who conducted the trial in such a manner that Oates had no hope of acquittal, and the jury brought in the expected guilty verdict. The death penalty was not available for perjury and Oates was sentenced to be stripped of clerical dress, whipped through London twice, and imprisoned for life and pilloried every year (the penalties were so severe that it has been argued that Jeffreys was trying to kill Oates by ill-treatment). Oates spent the next three years in prison. At the accession of
871:
977:
482:, a magistrate and strong supporter of Protestantism, to whom Oates had made his first depositions. His disappearance on 12 October 1678, the finding of his mutilated body on 17 October, and the subsequent failure to solve his murder sent the Protestant population into an uproar. He had been strangled and run through with his own sword. Many of his supporters blamed the murder on Catholics. As Kenyon commented, "Next day, the 18th, James wrote to
607:
who was condemned to death on 7 December and beheaded on 29 December. His trial, compared to the other Plot trials, was reasonably fair, but as in all cases of alleged treason at that date the absence of defence counsel was a fatal handicap (this was finally remedied in 1695), and while Oates' credit had been seriously damaged, the evidence of the principal prosecution witnesses, Turberville and
Dugdale, struck even fair-minded observers like
168:(1558–1603), who again broke away from Rome and suppressed Catholicism. Elizabeth and later Protestant monarchs caused to be hanged and mutilated hundreds of Catholic priests and laymen. This, and her dubious legitimacy – she was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn – led to Catholic powers not recognising her as queen and favouring her next relative, the Catholic
215:, who was in charge of the explosives, was discovered the night before. The magnitude of the plot, meant to kill the leading government figures in one stroke, convinced many Englishmen that Catholics were murderous conspirators who would stop at nothing to have their way, laying the groundwork for future allegations.
40:
270:, the townspeople were possessed by the idea that the papists were about to rise and cut their throats ... A nationwide panic seemed likely, and as homeless refugees poured out from London into the countryside, they took with them stories of a kind which were to be familiar enough in 1678 and 1679."
850:
The hysteria had serious consequences for ordinary
British Catholics as well as priests. On 30 October 1678, a proclamation was made that required all Catholics who were not tradesmen or property owners to leave London and Westminster. They were not to enter a twelve-mile (c.19 km) radius of the
785:
Of the other informers, James II was content merely to fine Miles Prance for his perjury, on the grounds that he was a
Catholic and had been coerced by threats of torture into informing. Thomas Dangerfield was subjected to the same savage penalties as Oates; on returning from his first session in the
676:
and an annual allowance. He soon presented new allegations, claiming assassins intended to shoot the King with silver bullets so the wound would not heal. The public invented their own stories, including a tale that the sound of digging had been heard near the House of
Commons and rumours of a French
818:
highlights the plight of the
Jesuits during this time period. He comments, "The name of the Jesuit is hated above all else, even by priests both secular and regular, and by the Catholic laity as well, because it is said that the Jesuits have caused this raging storm, which is likely to overthrow the
606:
was fixed for 13 May, but a quarrel between the two houses as to points of procedure, and the legality of admitting the bishops as judges in a capital trial, followed by a dissolution, delayed its commencement until 30 November 1680. On that day it was decided to proceed first against Lord
Stafford,
495:
on 23 October 1678. He testified that he had seen a number of contracts signed by the
Superior General of the Jesuits. The contracts appointed officers that would command an army of Catholic supporters to kill Charles II and establish a Catholic monarch. To this day, no one is certain who killed Sir
615:
On 30 December, the evidence against
Arundell and his three fellow prisoners was ordered to be in readiness, but their public proceedings stopped. In fact, the death of William Bedloe left the prosecution in serious difficulties, since one protection for a person accused of treason, that there must
363:
As Kenyon points out, the government took seriously even the remotest hint of a threat to the King's life or well-being – in the previous spring a
Newcastle housewife had been investigated by the Secretary of State simply for saying that "the King gets the curse of many good and faithful wives such
702:
However, public opinion began to turn against Oates. As Kenyon points out, the steady protestations of innocence by all of those who were executed eventually took hold in the public mind. Outside London, the priests who died were almost all venerable and popular members of the community, and there
693:
were men of good social standing who from motives of greed or revenge denounced innocent victims, and by their apparently plausible evidence made the Plot seem more credible. Dugdale in particular made such a good initial impression that even the King for the first time "began to think that there
78:. During this tumultuous period, Oates weaved an intricate web of accusations, fueling public fears and paranoia. However, as time went on, the lack of substantial evidence and inconsistencies in Oates's testimony began to unravel the plot. Eventually, Oates himself was arrested and convicted for
486:
that
Godfrey's death was already 'laid against the Catholics', and even he, never the most realistic of men, feared that 'all these things happening together will cause a great flame in the Parliament'." The Lords asked King Charles to banish all Catholics from a radius of 20 miles (32 km)
368:
into people's minds. However, word of the manuscript spread to the Duke of York, who publicly called for an investigation into the matter. Even Charles admitted that given the sheer number of allegations, he could not say positively that none of them was true, and reluctantly agreed. During the
620:
to release them on bail was successful. On 21 May 1685 Arundell, Powis, and Belasyse came to the House of Lords to present petitions for the annulling of the charges and on the following day the petitions were granted. On 1 June 1685, their liberty was formally assured on the ground that the
490:
Oates seized on Godfrey's murder as proof that the plot was true. The murder of Godfrey and the discovery of Edward Coleman's letters provided a solid basis of facts for the lies of Oates and the other informers who followed him. Oates was called to testify before the House of Lords and the
385:, the French ambassador, in which he made it clear that he did not believe that there was a word of truth in the plot, and that Oates was "a wicked man"; but that by now he had come round to the view that there must be an investigation, particularly with Parliament about to reassemble.
652:
wrote that it was as though "the very Cabinet of Hell has been opened". Noblewomen carried firearms if they had to venture outdoors at night. Houses were searched for hidden guns, mostly without any significant result. Some Catholic widows tried to ensure their safety by marrying
781:
in 1689, he was pardoned and granted a pension of ÂŁ260 a year, but his reputation did not recover. The pension was suspended, but in 1698 was restored and increased to ÂŁ300 a year. Oates died on 12 or 13 July 1705, quite forgotten by the public which had once called him a hero.
757:
began to declare people innocent and the King began to devise countermeasures. The King, who was notably tolerant of religious differences and generally inclined to clemency, was embittered at the number of innocent men he had been forced to condemn; possibly thinking of the
415:
later that month, and the Council interrogated Oates for several hours; Tonge, who was generally believed to be mad, was simply laughed at, but Oates made a much better impression on the council. On 28 September Oates made 43 allegations against various members of Catholic
645:, a notorious member of the London underworld. The King personally interrogated Oates, caught him out in a number of inaccuracies and lies, and ordered his arrest. However, a few days later, with the threat of constitutional crisis, Parliament forced the release of Oates.
364:
as myself for his bad example". Danby, who seems to have believed in the Plot, advised the King to order an investigation. Charles II denied the request, maintaining that the entire affair was absurd. He told Danby to keep the events secret so as not to put the idea of
616:
be two eyewitnesses to an overt act of treason, was observed scrupulously, and only Oates claimed to have any hard evidence against the remaining Lords. Lord Petre died in the Tower in 1683. His companions remained there until 12 February 1684 when an appeal to the
508:, named them simply to gain his freedom (Kenyon suggests that he may have chosen men against whom he had a personal grudge, or he may simply have chosen them because they were the first Catholic acquaintances of his who came to mind).
790:, Dangerfield died of an eye injury after a scuffle with the barrister Robert Francis, who was hanged for his murder. Bedloe, Turbervile and Dugdale had all died of natural causes while the Plot was still officially regarded as true.
504:, who in turn named three working men, Berry, Green and Hill, who were tried, convicted and executed in February 1679; but it rapidly became clear that they were completely innocent, and that Prance, who had been subjected to
703:
was widespread public horror at their executions. Even Lord Shaftesbury came to regret the executions and is said to have quietly ordered the release of particular priests, whose families he knew. Accusations of plotting in
3239:
851:
city without special permission. Throughout this period Catholics were subject to fines, harassment and imprisonment. It was not until the early 19th century that most of the anti-Catholic legislation was removed by the
334:
Sir Richard Barker, with whom Tonge was living. The following day Tonge claimed to find the manuscript and showed it to an acquaintance, Christopher Kirkby, who was shocked and decided to inform the King. Kirkby was a
443:, outlining his grandiose schemes for obtaining a dissolution of the present Parliament, in the hope of its replacement by a new and pro-French Parliament; in the wake of this revelation he was condemned to death for
668:, a young Catholic banker, made a drunken threat against the King; within 10 days he was tried, convicted of plotting treason and executed. In calmer times, Staley's offence would probably have resulted in him being
322:
in England were to carry out the task. The manuscript also named nearly 100 Jesuits and their supporters who were supposedly involved in this assassination plot; nothing in the document was ever proven to be true.
2129:
1475:
Diaries of the Popish Plot: Being the Diaries of Israel Tonge, Sir Robert Scuthwell, Edmund Warcup, John Joyne, and Thomas Dangerfield : And Including Titus Oates's A True Narrative of the Horrid Plot
838:
were also affected by the hysteria. They were no longer permitted to have more than a certain number of members or missions within England. John Kenyon points out that European religious orders throughout
4197:
611:
as being credible enough. Stafford, denied the services of counsel, failed to exploit several inconsistencies in Tuberville's testimony, which a good lawyer might have turned to his client's advantage.
719:
in 1681. Judges gradually began to take a more impartial line, ruling that it was not treason for a Catholic to advocate the conversion of England to the old faith, nor to give financial support to
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273:
Anti-Catholicism was fueled by doubts about the religious allegiance of the King, who had been supported by the Catholic powers during his exile, and had married a Portuguese Catholic princess,
4210:
243:(1642–1649), which led to the abolition of the monarchy and a decade of Puritan rule tolerating most forms of Protestantism, but not Catholicism. The restoration of the monarchy in 1660 under
227:(1618–1648) was seen as an attempt by the Catholic Habsburgs to exterminate German Protestantism. Under the early Stuart Kings, fears of Catholic conspiracies were rampant and the policies of
343:, the chemist informed him of the plot. Charles was dismissive but Kirkby stated that he knew the names of assassins who planned to shoot the King and, if that failed, the Queen's physician,
924:
3600:
339:
and a former assistant in Charles' scientific experiments, and Charles prided himself on being approachable to the general public. On 13 August 1678, whilst Charles was out walking in
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continued, and had 300 Protestants burned at the stake, causing many Englishmen to associate Catholicism with the involvement of foreign powers and religious persecution.
145:(1547–1553), the Church of England was transformed into a strictly Protestant body, with many remnants of Catholicism suppressed. Edward was succeeded by his half-sister
595:
against "the five popish lords". On 23 November all Arundell's papers were seized and examined by the Lords' committee; on 3 December the five peers were arraigned for
188:
judging Elizabeth, giving grounds to suspect English Catholics' loyalty. Following the Babington Plot, Mary was beheaded in 1587. This – and Elizabeth's support of the
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2183:
369:
investigation, Oates' name arose. From the first, the King was convinced that Oates was a liar, and Oates did not help his case by claiming to have met the regent of
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around London, which Charles granted on 30 October 1678, but it was too late because London was already in a panic, which was long remembered as "Godfrey's autumn".
2718:
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2337:
404:. The meeting discussed a variety of methods which included: stabbing by Irish ruffians, shooting by two Jesuit soldiers, or poisoning by the Queen's physician,
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711:
were accused of signing "the Bloody Oath of Secrecy", were unsuccessful because their Protestant neighbours (who sat on the juries) refused to convict them. A
2607:
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560:
that he could hardly stand, while Arundell and Stafford, who had not been on speaking terms for 25 years, were most unlikely to be intriguing together; but
277:. Charles formed an alliance with the leading Catholic power France against the Protestant Netherlands. Furthermore, Charles' brother and heir presumptive,
1590:
1542:
1495:
1397:
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2343:
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2385:
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When James II acceded to the throne in 1685 he had Oates tried on two charges of perjury. The Bench which tried him was presided over by the formidable
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2439:
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2313:
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355:, then the most influential of the King's ministers. Tonge then lied to Danby, saying that he had found the manuscript but did not know the author.
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were arrested and tried because the Privy Council wanted to make sure to catch all of those who might possess information about the supposed plot.
200:(1588). This reinforced English resentment of Catholics, while the Armada's failure convinced many Englishmen that God was on the Protestant side.
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4524:
3406:
2415:
4215:
2475:
2391:
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561:
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4016:
3107:
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1760:
545:
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on 25 October 1678. Seizing upon the anti-Catholic tide, Shaftesbury publicly demanded that the King's brother, James, be excluded from the
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against Catholics and other religious dissenters. This fueled Protestant fears of increasing Catholic influence in England, and led to
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Broadside, "The Solemn Mock Procession of the POPE, Cardinalls, Iesuits, Fryers etc: through y City of London, November y 17th. 1679."
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of 1780 made it clear to sensible observers that Catholics were far more likely to be the victims of violence than its perpetrators.
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641:
On 24 November 1678, Oates claimed the Queen was working with the King's physician to poison him and enlisted the aid of "Captain"
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751:
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Anyone even suspected of being Catholic was driven out of London and forbidden to be within ten miles (16 km) of the city.
314:, a fanatically anti-Catholic clergyman (who was widely believed to be insane), had written a large manuscript that accused the
3484:
2940:
2521:
2331:
537:
67:
2481:
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4152:
4144:
3770:
3191:
3158:
2853:
2817:
2551:
2171:
1733:
1460:
747:
556:) of involvement in the plot. The King dismissed the accusations as absurd, pointing out that Belasyse was so afflicted with
541:
2754:
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3848:
3286:
2811:
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902:
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were affected since many of them depended on the alms of the English Catholic community for their existence. Many Catholic
149:(1553–1558), daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine. She was a Catholic and returned the Church in England to union with the
2283:
4053:
3428:
3395:
3065:
2379:
770:
4539:
4345:
4163:
4078:
3219:
3163:
2578:
2319:
1624:
887:
633:
617:
2935:
2772:
290:
4173:
3677:
3118:
2981:
2433:
2307:
1753:
1674:
1646:
1534:
1483:
1431:
708:
592:
553:
467:
348:
281:, had embraced Catholicism, although his brother forbade him to make any public avowal. In 1672, Charles issued the
4103:
3876:
3547:
3344:
3296:
2915:
2706:
2021:
1728:
1579:
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918:
716:
282:
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990:
4381:
4302:
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3642:
3389:
3361:
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2964:
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2177:
3722:
235:
bent – were seen as pro-Catholic and likely induced by a Catholic conspiracy headed by Charles' Catholic queen,
223:
Anti-Catholic sentiment was a constant factor in how England perceived the events of the following decades: the
184:(1586), both intending to kill Elizabeth and replace her with Mary under a Spanish invasion. Three popes issued
4544:
4271:
3999:
3186:
3082:
2121:
1844:
852:
549:
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in 1656, it became obvious that Oates had no idea what he looked like. The King had a long and frank talk with
806:
were executed and twelve died in prison. Three other deaths were attributable to the hysteria. They also lost
4185:
4098:
3959:
3949:
3858:
1920:
1634:
1010:
958:
759:
4325:
4285:
4093:
3560:
3527:
3522:
3401:
3279:
2969:
2545:
2295:
1874:
1746:
4559:
4489:
4462:
4123:
4118:
4046:
3883:
3472:
3433:
3234:
3087:
2512:
2469:
2082:
2078:
2041:
1778:
1569:
492:
470:. The list grew to 81 accusations. Oates was given a squad of soldiers and he began to round up Jesuits.
400:, on April 24, 1678. According to Oates, the purpose of that meeting was to discuss the assassination of
374:
297:) spread alarm in London by accusing the Pope of plotting to overthrow the lawful government of England.
254:
Anti-Catholic hysteria flared up lightly during the reign of Charles II, which saw disasters such as the
17:
3979:
2584:
870:
855:; anti-Catholic sentiment remained even longer among politicians and the general populace, although the
4335:
4037:
3462:
2139:
2253:
2074:
815:
4181:
3823:
3570:
3512:
3274:
2569:
2504:
2349:
2195:
2026:
1950:
236:
4275:
3871:
3555:
3449:
3354:
3291:
3102:
2991:
2959:
2829:
2613:
2397:
2189:
1972:
1955:
946:
479:
4419:
4413:
4113:
3989:
3590:
3585:
3565:
3479:
3148:
3092:
3058:
2947:
2527:
2403:
2051:
1904:
1829:
723:(the latter was a criminal offence, just not treason). The supposed plot gained some credence in
455:
2457:
2361:
4457:
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3180:
3070:
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2409:
2325:
2259:
2165:
2100:
1930:
982:
774:
483:
425:
255:
165:
3507:
976:
657:
widowers. The House of Commons was searched – without result – in the expectation of a second
524:
in a house nearby. This caused a panic, until it was discovered that he was simply the King's
251:
Church of England. Catholics still suffered under popular hostility and legal discrimination.
3929:
3775:
3438:
3143:
3138:
3077:
3043:
2859:
2701:
2563:
2533:
2373:
2153:
2147:
732:
401:
274:
244:
239:. This, together with accounts of Catholic atrocities in Ireland in 1641, helped trigger the
118:
71:
27:
Fictitious conspiracy causing anti-Catholic hysteria affecting England, Scotland, and Ireland
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4519:
4371:
4366:
4256:
3994:
3838:
3780:
3747:
3532:
3170:
3133:
2910:
2763:
1925:
1520:
909:
807:
649:
389:
259:
248:
228:
169:
142:
8:
4330:
3371:
3048:
2905:
2900:
2625:
2463:
2201:
1840:
1318:
352:
340:
278:
193:
185:
173:
158:
122:
114:
96:
63:
1654:
392:
to swear an oath prior to his testimony before the King. Oates claimed he had been at a
211:
by exploding a bomb during the King's opening of parliament. The plot was thwarted when
4425:
4266:
3647:
3153:
2016:
1709:
1701:
840:
778:
690:
682:
435:, of planning the assassination. Colman was found to have corresponded with the French
421:
344:
286:
177:
154:
70:
hysteria. Oates alleged that there was an extensive Catholic conspiracy to assassinate
59:
3888:
3595:
588:, excluding Catholics from membership of both Houses (a law not repealed until 1829).
496:
Edmund Godfrey, and most historians regard the mystery as insoluble. Oates' associate
74:, accusations that led to the executions of at least 22 men and precipitated the
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3517:
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3306:
3038:
1935:
1769:
1713:
1670:
1642:
1620:
1568:
1530:
1493:
Holmes, Peter (23 September 2004). "Howard, William, Viscount Stafford (1612–1680)".
1479:
1470:
1456:
1437:
1427:
622:
603:
240:
146:
134:
1823:
1540:
Knights, Mark (4 October 2008). "Osborne, Thomas, first duke of Leeds (1632–1712)".
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2009:
1945:
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1693:
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1402:
1022:
997:
950:
823:
799:
573:
569:
224:
137:. Later, he had the monasteries dissolved, causing opposition in the still largely
100:
75:
44:
1607:
1559:
1512:
1414:
681:. The evidence of Oates and Bedloe was supplemented by other informers; some like
4430:
4361:
4340:
4128:
4108:
3828:
3727:
3542:
2619:
2539:
2427:
2059:
2004:
1450:
754:
743:
728:
720:
686:
678:
565:
432:
417:
315:
2691:
1684:
Williams, Sheila (1958). "The Pope-Burning Processions of 1679, 1680 and 1681".
814:, which was the Jesuit headquarters for south Wales. A quote from French Jesuit
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4447:
3833:
3418:
3266:
2952:
2930:
2487:
1899:
1879:
1599:
1574:
1551:
1504:
879:
665:
658:
642:
497:
429:
405:
397:
294:
208:
204:
197:
181:
31:
1406:
153:. Mary tainted her policy with two unpopular actions: she married her cousin,
4513:
4376:
3737:
3502:
3005:
2239:
1889:
1884:
1027:
811:
412:
382:
3381:
1441:
95:
The fictitious Popish Plot must be understood against the background of the
4494:
4138:
3712:
3687:
3667:
3494:
3423:
3413:
3339:
3314:
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3112:
2642:
2110:
2092:
2031:
1854:
1658:
856:
835:
596:
501:
463:
311:
262:(1666). Vague rumours blamed the fire on arson by Catholics and especially
189:
3000:
310:
The fictitious Popish Plot unfolded in a very peculiar fashion. Oates and
4477:
3319:
2723:
2105:
2036:
1960:
1807:
893:
831:
608:
232:
138:
133:
would not grant this, Henry broke away from Rome and took control of the
126:
103:
55:
672:, a mild punishment. Oates, for his part, received a state apartment in
39:
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4290:
3752:
3324:
2925:
2920:
2742:
2087:
1849:
1817:
844:
827:
712:
669:
581:
212:
107:
1738:
1705:
293:
during the 1670s. In December 1677 an anonymous pamphlet (possibly by
4472:
4312:
4205:
3805:
3657:
2115:
1940:
1869:
1859:
876:
742:
Having had at least twenty-two innocent men executed (the last being
704:
673:
521:
440:
331:
203:
Anti-Catholic sentiment reached new heights in 1605 after the failed
207:. Catholic conspirators attempted to topple the Protestant reign of
3911:
1967:
1864:
1697:
928:
763:
736:
654:
585:
525:
516:
King Charles, aware of the unrest, returned to London and summoned
420:– including 541 Jesuits – and numerous Catholic nobles. He accused
378:
365:
327:
267:
150:
1639:
The Popish Plot: A Study in the History of the Reign of Charles II
802:
suffered the most between 1678 and 1681. During this period, nine
621:
witnesses against them had perjured themselves, and on 4 June the
3010:
2996:
2244:
2064:
1894:
968:
803:
787:
724:
584:. At the end of the year, the parliament passed a bill, a second
505:
444:
336:
263:
79:
591:
On 1 November 1678, the House of Commons resolved to proceed by
247:
brought a reaction against all religious dissenters outside the
4261:
3175:
932:
459:
436:
393:
319:
1588:
Marshall, Alan (3 January 2008). "Tonge, Israel (1621–1680)".
1204:
1202:
1200:
318:
authorities of approving the assassination of Charles II. The
4435:
4133:
1812:
370:
196:– triggered Philip II of Spain's attempted invasion with the
1197:
707:(the "Barnbow Plot"), where prominent local Catholics like
577:
557:
478:
The allegations gained little credence until the murder of
130:
1452:
Chronicle of Britain: Incorporating a Chronicle of Ireland
766:, sentenced to a fine of ÂŁ100,000 and thrown into prison.
536:
Oates became more daring and accused five Catholic lords (
90:
1395:
Barclay, Andrew (23 September 2004). "Colman , Edward".
1360:
1149:
388:
On 6 September Oates was summoned before the magistrate
231:– especially his church policies, which had a decidedly
1262:
1250:
1161:
218:
1372:
1348:
1336:
1298:
172:. Elizabeth's reign saw Catholic rebellions like the
1226:
1214:
1185:
1173:
1089:
715:
at Westminster rejected the plotting charge against
576:. On 5 November 1678, people burned effigies of the
82:, exposing the fabricated nature of the conspiracy.
3209:
1238:
1137:
1101:
1077:
1056:
1044:
531:
454:Others Oates accused included Dr. William Fogarty,
451:likely, rather than less, that he had forged them.
121:(1509–1547) sought an annulment of his marriage to
58:that between 1678 and 1681 gripped the kingdoms of
1274:
1125:
1017:A True Narrative of the Horrid Hellish Popish Plot
377:. Questioned by the King, who had met Don John in
164:Mary was succeeded by her Protestant half-sister,
1478:. New York: Scholars' Facsimiles & Reprints.
4511:
1113:
326:Oates slipped a copy of the manuscript into the
1686:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
1286:
562:Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury
396:meeting held at the White Horse Tavern in the
2228:
1994:
1754:
1583:. Vol. 2. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
546:Henry Arundell, 3rd Baron Arundell of Wardour
511:
4196:
1594:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1546:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1499:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1401:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
685:, were notorious criminals, but others like
862:
99:and the subsequent development of a strong
2741:
1761:
1747:
1641:(reprint ed.). Kessinger Publishing.
735:, were the principal victims, but not in
697:
628:
2890:
1683:
1587:
1208:
1107:
1074:Fraser, pp. 305–308; Hutton, pp. 284–85.
632:
411:Oates and Tonge were brought before the
54:was a fictitious conspiracy invented by
38:
4550:Conspiracy theories involving Catholics
2679:
1768:
1633:
1591:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1543:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1539:
1496:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1398:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1394:
1244:
1155:
1131:
1095:
564:had the lords arrested and sent to the
91:Development of English anti-Catholicism
14:
4525:Anti-Catholicism in the United Kingdom
4512:
1664:
1614:
1519:
1492:
1378:
1366:
1354:
1342:
1316:
1304:
1280:
1268:
1256:
1232:
1220:
1191:
1179:
1167:
1143:
1062:
727:, where the two Catholic Archbishops,
538:William Herbert, 1st Marquess of Powis
4402:
4245:
3621:
3208:
3027:
2889:
2740:
2678:
2227:
2138:
1993:
1789:
1742:
1469:
1448:
1421:
1119:
1083:
1050:
542:William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford
176:(1569) as well as intrigues like the
1667:Hoax: The Popish Plot that Never Was
793:
219:Anti-Catholicism in the 17th century
3396:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
2050:
1566:
1292:
771:George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys
473:
24:
4164:Springfield, Ohio, cat-eating hoax
1655:1903 Duckworth and Company edition
1529:Reprinted by Phoenix Press, 2000,
25:
4571:
4555:Impeachment in the United Kingdom
3796:Western-backed Iranian Revolution
3528:Proposed "Islamo-leftism" inquiry
1722:
853:Roman Catholic Relief Act of 1829
709:Sir Thomas Gascoigne, 2nd Baronet
554:John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse
468:John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse
358:
330:of a gallery in the house of the
3255:Gas chambers for Poles in Warsaw
3192:Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning
2558:South African Airways Flight 295
1580:Dictionary of National Biography
989:
975:
957:
939:
917:
901:
886:
869:
717:Sir John Fitzgerald, 2nd Baronet
694:might be somewhat in the Plot".
532:Trial of the Five Catholic Lords
3839:Petrograd Military Organization
3362:International Jewish conspiracy
3210:Race, religion and/or ethnicity
2872:Denial of the 7 October attacks
2697:California drought manipulation
1426:. New York: St Martin's Press.
1310:
625:against Stafford was reversed.
283:Royal Declaration of Indulgence
3788:Israel-related animal theories
1068:
550:William Petre, 4th Baron Petre
13:
1:
3960:First Catilinarian conspiracy
2992:Ideology in incel communities
1734:Names of eight Jesuit victims
1617:James II; A study in kingship
1323:Dictionary of Irish Biography
1317:Bergin, John (October 2009).
1033:
1011:A Ballad upon the Popish Plot
760:Act of Indemnity and Oblivion
305:
85:
4535:Anti-Catholicism in Scotland
4403:
4326:Freeman on the land movement
4216:Maricopa County ballot audit
4174:"Vast right-wing conspiracy"
3622:
2591:Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
1875:Global catastrophe scenarios
1790:
1608:UK public library membership
1560:UK public library membership
1513:UK public library membership
1415:UK public library membership
1038:
285:, in which he suspended all
7:
4530:Anti-Catholicism in England
4490:Science by press conference
4463:Online youth radicalization
4382:Ted Cruz–Zodiac Killer meme
4069:CIA assistance to bin Laden
3702:(outside the United States)
2866:Malaysia Airlines Flight 17
2812:Mozambican presidential jet
2552:United Air Lines Flight 553
2083:Interdimensional hypothesis
1779:List of conspiracy theories
1004:
106:sentiment among the mostly
10:
4576:
3764:Middle East / North Africa
3164:oral polio AIDS hypothesis
3028:
1387:
996:The execution of the five
896:uncovers the supposed plot
819:whole Catholic religion".
512:The Plot before Parliament
500:denounced the silversmith
349:Thomas Osborne, Lord Danby
141:nation. Under Henry's son
43:The execution of the five
29:
4540:Anti-Catholicism in Wales
4409:
4398:
4354:
4311:
4252:
4246:
4241:
4015:
3904:
3857:
3816:
3763:
3698:
3632:
3628:
3617:
3541:
3493:
3447:
3305:
3215:
3204:
3034:
3023:
2896:
2885:
2750:
2736:
2687:
2674:
2635:
2600:
2497:
2238:
2234:
2229:Deaths and disappearances
2223:
2094:Estimate of the Situation
2000:
1995:Astronomy and outer space
1989:
1913:
1800:
1796:
1785:
1776:
1669:. Yale University Press.
439:Fr Ferrier, confessor to
300:
237:Henrietta Maria of France
4303:Shakespearean authorship
4281:Shadow government claims
4084:Election denial movement
3980:Lilla Saltsjöbadsavtalet
2422:Diana, Princess of Wales
1973:Psychological projection
1956:Mass psychogenic illness
863:Gallery of playing cards
480:Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey
390:Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey
291:conflict with parliament
30:Not to be confused with
4420:Conspiracy Encyclopedia
4414:Argument from ignorance
4114:Philadelphia Experiment
3723:Avro Arrow cancellation
3548:Denial of mass killings
3230:COVID-19 and xenophobia
2714:Free energy suppression
1905:Urban legends and myths
1830:power behind the throne
1665:Stater, Victor (2022).
1570:"Arundell, Henry"
1424:Invitation to a funeral
816:Claude de la Colombière
456:Archbishop Peter Talbot
155:King Philip II of Spain
110:population of England.
4458:Historical negationism
3877:Operation Sledgehammer
3643:Cow vigilante violence
3335:during the Black Death
2522:Great KantĹŤ earthquake
2392:GEC-Marconi scientists
2338:Martin Luther King Jr.
2101:Lake Michigan Triangle
2070:Black Knight satellite
1931:Communal reinforcement
1845:Political conspiracies
1600:10.1093/ref:odnb/27535
1552:10.1093/ref:odnb/20884
1505:10.1093/ref:odnb/13948
1319:"Fitzgerald, Sir John"
698:Waning of the hysteria
638:
629:Height of the hysteria
266:. Kenyon remarks, "At
256:Great Plague of London
47:
4545:Charles II of England
4186:Stab-in-the-back myth
3990:Clockwork Orange plot
3508:Bihar human sacrifice
3439:Stab-in-the-back myth
3262:German POWs post-WWII
3144:Germ theory denialism
3139:Electronic harassment
2860:Smolensk air disaster
2824:Oklahoma City bombing
2702:Climate change denial
2498:Accidents / disasters
2434:Nepalese royal family
1921:Attitude polarization
1615:Miller, John (1978).
1422:Brown, Molly (1999).
1407:10.1093/ref:odnb/5871
689:, Robert Jenison and
636:
618:Court of King's Bench
275:Catherine of Braganza
76:Exclusion Bill Crisis
42:
4257:Dead Internet theory
3748:Daktari Ranch affair
3533:Trojan Horse scandal
2911:anti-gender movement
2891:Gender and sexuality
2848:Madrid train bombing
2794:Lufthansa Flight 615
2482:Sushant Singh Rajput
2022:Apollo Moon landings
1926:Cognitive dissonance
1567:Lee, Sydney (1885).
910:Edmund Berry Godfrey
748:Archbishop of Armagh
648:Hysteria continued:
580:instead of those of
260:Great Fire of London
170:Mary, Queen of Scots
117:began in 1533, when
4331:Redemption movement
4099:Georgia Guidestones
3372:Cultural Bolshevism
3011:Soy and masculinity
2681:Energy, environment
2585:EgyptAir Flight 990
2326:Lal Bahadur Shastri
2296:Subhas Chandra Bose
1770:Conspiracy theories
1455:. Jacques Legrand.
1211:, pp. 104–118.
428:, the secretary to
375:Don John of Austria
353:Lord High Treasurer
279:James, Duke of York
194:Spanish Netherlands
174:Rising of the North
123:Catherine of Aragon
115:English Reformation
97:English Reformation
4560:Impeachment trials
4426:Conspiracy fiction
4336:Sovereign citizens
4089:FBI secret society
4074:Clinton body count
3884:Gezi Park protests
3849:Ukraine bioweapons
3648:Greater Bangladesh
3390:Judeo-Masonic plot
3187:Water fluoridation
3154:HIV/AIDS denialism
2901:Alpha / beta males
2800:Widerøe Flight 933
2278:Władysław Sikorski
2017:Ancient astronauts
1449:Heald, H. (1992).
691:Edward Turberville
683:Thomas Dangerfield
639:
422:Sir George Wakeman
406:Sir George Wakeman
345:Sir George Wakeman
48:
4507:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4394:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4372:Birds Aren't Real
4237:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4059:Black helicopters
3970:Mano Negra affair
3940:Itavia Flight 870
3867:2016 coup attempt
3771:In the Arab world
3703:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3601:Serbs during WWII
3518:Great Replacement
3376:Jewish Bolshevism
3292:War against Islam
3271:Product labeling
3240:French Revolution
3200:
3199:
3039:5G misinformation
3019:
3018:
2881:
2880:
2836:advance knowledge
2818:Pan Am Flight 103
2732:
2731:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2614:Yemenite children
2344:Robert F. Kennedy
2320:Lee Harvey Oswald
2302:Johnny Stompanato
2219:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2172:Aztec, New Mexico
2075:Cryptoterrestrial
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1936:Confirmation bias
1729:Nathaniel Reading
1606:(Subscription or
1558:(Subscription or
1511:(Subscription or
1471:Douglas G. Greene
1462:978-1-872031-35-4
1413:(Subscription or
1369:, p. 209–11.
1271:, pp. 84–85.
1259:, pp. 78–81.
1170:, pp. 68–69.
965:Nathaniel Reading
794:Long-term effects
775:William of Orange
750:on 1 July 1681),
623:bill of attainder
604:impeachment trial
484:William of Orange
241:English Civil War
147:Mary I of England
135:Church in England
16:(Redirected from
4567:
4441:pseudoskepticism
4400:
4399:
4309:
4308:
4243:
4242:
4194:
4193:
4079:Cultural Marxism
3920:Global War Party
3701:
3630:
3629:
3619:
3618:
3419:Killing of Jesus
3367:Committee of 300
3350:Holocaust denial
3303:
3302:
3287:Tartarian Empire
3257:
3248:
3225:CERN ritual hoax
3220:Bhagwa Love Trap
3206:
3205:
3159:origins theories
3044:Anti-vaccination
3025:
3024:
2975:Transvestigation
2887:
2886:
2738:
2737:
2676:
2675:
2636:Body double hoax
2470:Alejandro Castro
2368:Pope John Paul I
2350:Salvador Allende
2284:Benito Mussolini
2236:
2235:
2225:
2224:
2178:Southern England
2136:
2135:
2079:Extraterrestrial
2048:
2047:
2010:Nibiru cataclysm
1991:
1990:
1946:Locus of control
1900:Secret societies
1798:
1797:
1787:
1786:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1740:
1739:
1717:
1680:
1652:
1630:
1611:
1603:
1584:
1572:
1563:
1555:
1528:
1516:
1508:
1489:
1466:
1445:
1418:
1410:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1158:, p. 73–74.
1153:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1023:Anti-Catholicism
993:
979:
961:
951:Benedictine monk
947:Thomas Pickering
943:
921:
905:
890:
873:
824:religious orders
800:Society of Jesus
721:religious houses
677:invasion on the
574:Exclusion crisis
572:, prompting the
570:royal succession
493:House of Commons
474:Godfrey's murder
418:religious orders
341:St. James's Park
225:Thirty Years War
21:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4564:
4510:
4509:
4508:
4499:
4431:Conspirituality
4405:
4386:
4350:
4341:Strawman theory
4307:
4248:
4225:
4192:
4153:Saddam–al-Qaeda
4129:Project Azorian
4109:Montauk Project
4011:
3995:Elm Guest House
3956:Roman Republic
3900:
3889:Sèvres syndrome
3853:
3812:
3759:
3728:Leuchter report
3700:
3694:
3678:Finger-pinching
3624:
3605:
3546:
3543:Genocide denial
3537:
3489:
3443:
3429:New World Order
3301:
3253:
3242:
3211:
3196:
3066:in chiropractic
3030:
3015:
2982:Finger pinching
2970:litter box hoax
2936:HIV/AIDS stigma
2892:
2877:
2854:London bombings
2746:
2728:
2683:
2682:
2662:
2631:
2596:
2540:Lost Cosmonauts
2493:
2476:Jeffrey Epstein
2452:Osama bin Laden
2428:Alois Estermann
2314:John F. Kennedy
2260:Louis Le Prince
2243:
2230:
2207:
2134:
2060:Alien abduction
2046:
2005:2012 phenomenon
1996:
1977:
1909:
1792:
1781:
1772:
1767:
1725:
1720:
1692:(1/2): 104–18.
1677:
1649:
1627:
1605:
1575:Stephen, Leslie
1557:
1527:(2nd ed.).
1525:The Popish Plot
1510:
1486:
1463:
1434:
1412:
1390:
1385:
1377:
1373:
1365:
1361:
1353:
1349:
1341:
1337:
1327:
1325:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1198:
1190:
1186:
1178:
1174:
1166:
1162:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1126:
1118:
1114:
1106:
1102:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1007:
1000:
994:
985:
980:
971:
962:
953:
944:
935:
922:
913:
906:
897:
891:
882:
874:
865:
822:Other Catholic
796:
755:William Scroggs
746:, the Catholic
744:Oliver Plunkett
700:
687:Stephen Dugdale
679:Isle of Purbeck
631:
534:
514:
476:
433:Duchess of York
361:
316:Catholic Church
308:
303:
258:(1665) and the
245:King Charles II
221:
180:(1571) and the
119:King Henry VIII
93:
88:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4573:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4505:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4485:Radicalization
4482:
4481:
4480:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4453:Fringe science
4450:
4448:Falsifiability
4445:
4444:
4443:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4416:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4396:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4348:
4346:Tax protesters
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4317:
4315:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4278:
4276:New chronology
4269:
4264:
4259:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4239:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4221:Stop the Steal
4218:
4213:
4208:
4202:
4200:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4188:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4155:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4141:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4021:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3914:
3908:
3906:
3905:Other European
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3863:
3861:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3834:Golden billion
3831:
3826:
3824:Alaska payment
3820:
3818:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3790:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3760:
3758:
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3490:
3488:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3454:
3452:
3450:Anti-Christian
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3392:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3369:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3355:Trivialization
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3311:
3309:
3300:
3299:
3297:White genocide
3294:
3289:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3269:
3267:Priory of Sion
3264:
3259:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3202:
3201:
3198:
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3194:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3173:
3168:
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3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3071:misinformation
3068:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3041:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3016:
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3008:
3003:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2953:Lavender scare
2945:
2944:
2943:
2933:
2931:gay Nazis myth
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2883:
2882:
2879:
2878:
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2869:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2827:
2821:
2815:
2809:
2806:KAL Flight 007
2803:
2797:
2791:
2782:
2776:
2773:Reichstag fire
2770:
2761:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2707:false theories
2699:
2694:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2653:Vladimir Putin
2650:
2645:
2643:Paul McCartney
2639:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2597:
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2588:
2582:
2579:TWA Flight 800
2576:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2546:JAT Flight 367
2543:
2537:
2531:
2528:Lynmouth Flood
2525:
2519:
2510:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2446:Benazir Bhutto
2443:
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2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2362:Renny Ottolina
2359:
2353:
2347:
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2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2308:Marilyn Monroe
2305:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2266:Lord Kitchener
2263:
2257:
2254:Zachary Taylor
2250:
2248:
2232:
2231:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2199:
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2187:
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2175:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2144:
2142:
2133:
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2127:
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2103:
2098:
2090:
2085:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2054:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1880:Hidden message
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1824:Ă©minence grise
1820:
1810:
1804:
1802:
1794:
1793:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1766:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1724:
1723:External links
1721:
1719:
1718:
1698:10.2307/750489
1681:
1675:
1662:
1647:
1631:
1626:978-0413652904
1625:
1612:
1585:
1564:
1537:
1517:
1490:
1484:
1473:, ed. (1977).
1467:
1461:
1446:
1432:
1419:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1381:, p. 219.
1371:
1359:
1357:, p. 206.
1347:
1345:, p. 205.
1335:
1309:
1307:, p. 158.
1297:
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1172:
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1124:
1112:
1100:
1088:
1086:, p. 603.
1076:
1067:
1055:
1053:, p. 605.
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986:
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945:
938:
936:
925:William Brooks
923:
916:
914:
907:
900:
898:
892:
885:
883:
880:William Bedloe
875:
868:
864:
861:
795:
792:
699:
696:
666:William Staley
659:Gunpowder Plot
643:William Bedloe
630:
627:
533:
530:
513:
510:
498:William Bedloe
475:
472:
430:Mary of Modena
398:Strand, London
360:
359:Investigations
357:
307:
304:
302:
299:
295:Andrew Marvell
220:
217:
205:Gunpowder Plot
198:Spanish Armada
182:Babington Plot
92:
89:
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84:
32:Gunpowder Plot
26:
9:
6:
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4321:Admiralty law
4319:
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4310:
4304:
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4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
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4282:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4262:NESARA/GESARA
4260:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4251:
4244:
4240:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4198:2020 election
4195:
4187:
4183:
4182:POW/MIA issue
4180:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4169:Trump–Ukraine
4167:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4140:
4137:
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4130:
4127:
4125:
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4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
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4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
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4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4054:Biden–Ukraine
4052:
4048:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4024:Barack Obama
4023:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4017:United States
4014:
4006:
4005:Voting pencil
4003:
4001:
4000:Harold Wilson
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
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3772:
3769:
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3754:
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3749:
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3745:
3743:
3739:
3738:Casa Matusita
3736:
3735:
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3726:
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3721:
3720:
3718:
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3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3576:The Holocaust
3574:
3572:
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3559:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3544:
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3529:
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3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3503:Counter-jihad
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3486:
3485:Giuseppe Siri
3483:
3481:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3458:Anti-Catholic
3456:
3455:
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3440:
3437:
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3432:
3430:
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3356:
3353:
3352:
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3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3330:Doctors' plot
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3295:
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3276:
3273:
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3270:
3268:
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3256:
3252:
3246:
3241:
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3226:
3223:
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3214:
3207:
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3190:
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3179:
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3174:
3172:
3169:
3165:
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3160:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3127:United States
3124:
3120:
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3114:
3111:
3109:
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3104:
3101:
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3045:
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3036:
3033:
3026:
3022:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3006:Satanic panic
3004:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
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2980:
2976:
2973:
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2941:United States
2939:
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2801:
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2795:
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2749:
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2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2677:
2673:
2659:
2658:Melania Trump
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2648:Avril Lavigne
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2620:Elvis Presley
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
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2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
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2511:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2440:Yasser Arafat
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2416:Yitzhak Rabin
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
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2390:
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2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2241:
2240:Assassination
2237:
2233:
2226:
2222:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2196:Alien autopsy
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2130:Project Serpo
2128:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
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2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2007:
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2003:
2002:
1999:
1992:
1988:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1952:
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1922:
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1918:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1890:Pseudoscience
1888:
1886:
1885:Pseudohistory
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1855:Crisis actors
1853:
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1848:
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1842:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1826:
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1676:9780300123807
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1648:9781417965762
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1535:9781842121689
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1485:9780820112886
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1433:0-312-97094-3
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1294:
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1277:
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1265:
1258:
1253:
1246:
1241:
1235:, p. 78.
1234:
1229:
1223:, p. 79.
1222:
1217:
1210:
1209:Williams 1958
1205:
1203:
1201:
1194:, p. 84.
1193:
1188:
1182:, p. 80.
1181:
1176:
1169:
1164:
1157:
1152:
1146:, p. 61.
1145:
1140:
1133:
1128:
1121:
1116:
1109:
1108:Marshall 2008
1104:
1098:, p. 13.
1097:
1092:
1085:
1080:
1071:
1065:, p. 10.
1064:
1059:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1029:
1028:Crypto-papism
1026:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
999:
992:
987:
984:
983:Edward Colman
978:
973:
970:
966:
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955:
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948:
942:
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934:
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926:
920:
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884:
881:
878:
872:
867:
866:
860:
858:
854:
848:
846:
842:
841:the Continent
837:
833:
829:
825:
820:
817:
813:
812:Herefordshire
809:
805:
801:
791:
789:
783:
780:
776:
772:
767:
765:
761:
756:
753:
752:Chief Justice
749:
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740:
738:
734:
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726:
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718:
714:
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706:
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688:
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438:
434:
431:
427:
426:Edward Colman
423:
419:
414:
413:Privy Council
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
384:
383:Paul Barillon
380:
376:
372:
367:
356:
354:
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324:
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144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
111:
109:
105:
102:
101:anti-Catholic
98:
83:
81:
77:
73:
69:
68:anti-Catholic
65:
61:
57:
53:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4495:Superstition
4418:
4274: /
4272:Phantom time
4211:"Pence Card"
4184: /
4178:Vietnam War
4143:
4104:Jade Helm 15
4045: /
3893:
3829:Dulles' Plan
3713:Andinia Plan
3688:Finland Plot
3674:South Korea
3668:Tallano gold
3664:Philippines
3495:Islamophobic
3467:
3448:Christian /
3424:Kalergi Plan
3414:Judeopolonia
3402:World War II
3394:
3380:
3374: /
3345:George Soros
3340:Epsilon Team
3315:Andinia Plan
3171:Lepers' plot
3125: /
3121: /
3113:turbo cancer
2999: /
2841:WTC collapse
2830:9/11 attacks
2786:
2779:Pearl Harbor
2765:
2756:
2571:
2564:Khamar-Daban
2534:Dyatlov Pass
2514:
2506:Mary Celeste
2505:
2404:Vince Foster
2290:Adolf Hitler
2154:Maury Island
2148:Dundy County
2120:
2111:Men in black
2093:
2081: /
2077: /
2032:Hollow Earth
1961:moral panics
1951:Manipulation
1843: /
1839: /
1822:
1689:
1685:
1666:
1659:Google Books
1638:
1635:John Pollock
1619:. Menthuen.
1616:
1589:
1578:
1541:
1524:
1494:
1474:
1451:
1423:
1396:
1374:
1362:
1350:
1338:
1326:. Retrieved
1322:
1312:
1300:
1288:
1276:
1264:
1252:
1245:Barclay 2004
1240:
1228:
1216:
1187:
1175:
1163:
1156:Pollock 2005
1151:
1139:
1132:Knights 2008
1127:
1115:
1103:
1096:Pollock 2005
1091:
1079:
1070:
1058:
1046:
857:Gordon Riots
849:
836:Benedictines
826:such as the
821:
797:
784:
768:
741:
701:
663:
647:
640:
614:
601:
597:high treason
590:
535:
515:
502:Miles Prance
489:
477:
464:Samuel Pepys
453:
448:
410:
387:
362:
325:
312:Israel Tonge
309:
272:
253:
222:
209:King James I
202:
190:Dutch Revolt
178:Ridolfi Plot
163:
157:, where the
112:
94:
51:
49:
36:
4520:Popish Plot
4478:hate speech
4064:CIA and JFK
4043:"Obamagate"
4028:citizenship
3930:German Plot
3468:Popish Plot
3434:Rothschilds
3320:Blood libel
3307:Antisemitic
3243: [
3123:Philippines
2960:Recruitment
2745:allegations
2724:Red mercury
2608:Joan of Arc
2601:Other cases
2542:(1950s–60s)
2488:John McAfee
2458:Hugo Chávez
2410:Kurt Cobain
2398:Turgut Ă–zal
2394:(1980s–90s)
2374:Airey Neave
2332:Harold Holt
2272:Tom Thomson
2190:Gulf Breeze
2184:Ilkley Moor
2037:Hollow Moon
1808:Antiscience
1801:Core topics
1521:John Kenyon
1379:Kenyon 1985
1367:Kenyon 1985
1355:Kenyon 1985
1343:Kenyon 1985
1305:Kenyon 1985
1281:Holmes 2004
1269:Kenyon 1985
1257:Kenyon 1985
1233:Kenyon 1985
1221:Kenyon 1985
1192:Kenyon 1985
1180:Kenyon 1985
1168:Kenyon 1985
1144:Kenyon 1985
1063:Kenyon 1985
908:Magistrate
894:Titus Oates
832:Franciscans
650:Roger North
609:John Evelyn
593:impeachment
249:established
233:high church
166:Elizabeth I
159:Inquisition
127:Anne Boleyn
104:nationalist
56:Titus Oates
52:Popish Plot
18:Popish plot
4514:Categories
4468:Paranormal
4377:Li's field
4296:synarchism
4291:Illuminati
4286:Bilderberg
4158:Sandy Hook
4094:FEMA camps
3946:Lithuania
3781:Cairo fire
3753:Golpe Azul
3744:Venezuela
3709:Argentina
3561:Bangladesh
3523:Love jihad
3382:Żydokomuna
3325:Cohen Plan
3235:Freemasons
3098:Ivermectin
3088:Chemtrails
3083:Big Pharma
3059:Thiomersal
2926:gay agenda
2921:drag panic
2906:Anti-LGBTQ
2743:False flag
2386:Zia-ul-Haq
2380:Olof Palme
2202:Morristown
2166:Twin Falls
2122:Die Glocke
2088:Dulce Base
2042:Reptilians
2027:Flat Earth
1914:Psychology
1850:Conspiracy
1818:deep state
1610:required.)
1562:required.)
1515:required.)
1417:required.)
1328:1 February
1120:Brown 1999
1084:Heald 1992
1051:Heald 1992
1034:References
912:with Oates
834:, and the
828:Carmelites
713:grand jury
670:bound over
582:Guy Fawkes
518:Parliament
402:Charles II
306:Beginnings
287:penal laws
213:Guy Fawkes
108:Protestant
86:Background
72:Charles II
4473:Prejudice
4367:Bielefeld
4355:Satirical
4313:Pseudolaw
4206:Italygate
4145:incidents
4119:Pizzagate
4038:parentage
3950:Statesmen
3872:Ergenekon
3806:Pallywood
3776:10 agorot
3684:Thailand
3658:Jinnahpur
3654:Pakistan
3581:Holodomor
3571:Cambodian
3078:Aspartame
2987:GamerGate
2948:Homintern
2916:Chemicals
2766:Lusitania
2692:Agenda 21
2626:Jonestown
2616:(1948–54)
2464:Seth Rich
2356:Aldo Moro
2192:(1987–88)
2116:Nazi UFOs
1941:Denialism
1870:Espionage
1860:Deception
1714:195047837
1637:(2005) .
1039:Citations
705:Yorkshire
674:Whitehall
522:gunpowder
441:Louis XIV
332:physician
229:Charles I
143:Edward VI
129:. As the
125:to marry
4404:See also
4267:New Coke
4124:The Plan
4033:religion
3926:Ireland
3916:Georgia
3912:Euromyth
3895:Üst akıl
3844:Rasputin
3699:Americas
3623:Regional
3556:Armenian
3108:vaccines
3103:lab leak
3093:COVID-19
2965:Grooming
2247:theories
1968:Paranoia
1865:Dystopia
1841:Criminal
1791:Overview
1523:(1985).
1442:41942994
1293:Lee 1885
1005:See also
929:Alderman
877:Informer
764:sedition
737:Scotland
729:Plunkett
655:Anglican
586:Test Act
526:firework
379:Brussels
366:regicide
328:wainscot
268:Coventry
151:Holy See
139:Catholic
64:Scotland
4047:Spygate
3976:Sweden
3802:Israel
3719:Canada
3591:Rwandan
3586:Nanjing
3566:Bosnian
3513:Eurabia
3473:Vatican
3463:Jesuits
3258:(1940s)
3176:Medbeds
3001:Gaylors
2997:Larries
2832:(2001)
2787:Liberty
2572:Estonia
2515:Titanic
2245:suicide
2160:Roswell
2065:Area 51
1895:Secrecy
1577:(ed.).
1388:Sources
998:Jesuits
969:Pillory
845:priests
804:Jesuits
788:pillory
725:Ireland
528:maker.
506:torture
445:treason
337:chemist
320:Jesuits
264:Jesuits
192:in the
80:perjury
60:England
45:Jesuits
4160:(2012)
4139:Pastel
3966:Spain
3936:Italy
3859:Turkey
3817:Russia
3639:India
3407:Z.O.G.
3280:Kosher
3183:(2003)
3119:Canada
3049:autism
3029:Health
2874:(2023)
2868:(2014)
2862:(2010)
2856:(2005)
2850:(2004)
2826:(1995)
2820:(1988)
2814:(1986)
2808:(1983)
2802:(1982)
2796:(1972)
2790:(1967)
2781:(1941)
2775:(1933)
2769:(1915)
2760:(1898)
2628:(1978)
2622:(1977)
2610:(1431)
2593:(2014)
2587:(1999)
2581:(1996)
2575:(1994)
2566:(1993)
2560:(1987)
2554:(1972)
2548:(1972)
2536:(1959)
2530:(1952)
2524:(1923)
2518:(1912)
2509:(1872)
2490:(2021)
2484:(2020)
2478:(2019)
2472:(2018)
2466:(2016)
2460:(2013)
2454:(2011)
2448:(2007)
2442:(2004)
2436:(2001)
2430:(1998)
2424:(1997)
2418:(1995)
2412:(1994)
2406:(1993)
2400:(1993)
2388:(1988)
2382:(1986)
2376:(1979)
2370:(1978)
2364:(1978)
2358:(1978)
2352:(1973)
2346:(1968)
2340:(1968)
2334:(1967)
2328:(1966)
2322:(1963)
2316:(1963)
2310:(1962)
2304:(1958)
2298:(1945)
2292:(1945)
2286:(1945)
2280:(1943)
2274:(1917)
2268:(1916)
2262:(1890)
2256:(1850)
2204:(2009)
2198:(1995)
2186:(1987)
2180:(1967)
2174:(1949)
2168:(1947)
2162:(1947)
2156:(1947)
2150:(1884)
2140:Hoaxes
2097:(1948)
1813:Cabals
1712:
1706:750489
1704:
1673:
1645:
1623:
1604:
1556:
1533:
1509:
1482:
1476:(1679)
1459:
1440:
1430:
1411:
933:Dublin
733:Talbot
460:Dublin
437:Jesuit
394:Jesuit
301:Events
4436:Dogma
4247:Other
4134:QAnon
3792:Iran
3734:Peru
3596:Sayfo
3480:Bible
3275:Halal
3247:]
3134:Ebola
2757:Maine
2719:HAARP
2106:MJ-12
1837:Civil
1710:S2CID
1702:JSTOR
1573:. In
808:Combe
566:Tower
371:Spain
186:bulls
4362:Acre
3633:Asia
3181:SARS
3149:GMOs
2785:USS
2764:RMS
2755:USS
2513:RMS
2052:UFOs
1671:ISBN
1653:The
1643:ISBN
1621:ISBN
1531:ISBN
1480:ISBN
1457:ISBN
1438:OCLC
1428:ISBN
1330:2023
798:The
779:Mary
777:and
731:and
602:The
578:Pope
558:gout
552:and
466:and
449:more
424:and
131:Pope
113:The
62:and
50:The
3986:UK
3117:in
3054:MMR
2570:MS
1694:doi
1657:at
1596:doi
1548:doi
1501:doi
1403:doi
967:in
931:of
810:in
458:of
66:in
4516::
3245:fr
1708:.
1700:.
1690:21
1688:.
1436:.
1321:.
1199:^
949:,
927:,
830:,
739:.
661:.
548:,
544:,
540:,
462:,
408:.
373:,
351:,
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2242:/
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1716:.
1696::
1679:.
1661:.
1651:.
1629:.
1602:.
1598::
1554:.
1550::
1507:.
1503::
1488:.
1465:.
1444:.
1409:.
1405::
1332:.
1295:.
1283:.
1247:.
1134:.
1122:.
1110:.
1019:"
1015:"
34:.
20:)
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