1339:, stated that around 11% of Egyptians identified themselves as not religious. In the same Arab Barometer 2018 Wave V survey, 90.4% were Muslim, 9.6% were Christian, and 0.1% had no religion. In the same Arab Barometer survey, about 20% of young Egyptians described themselves as not religious. Absent official figures, sources consistently report that the number is increasing steadily. Egyptian media has since 2011 reported increases in the number of nonbelievers and atheists publicly coming out; however, atheism or skepticism is not a recent phenomenon in Egypt. Despite the lack of clarity with regard to absolute numbers, there is a noticeable increase in young Egyptians coming out for nonbelieving and publicly testifying they have left the faith, especially on the internet. Many Egyptian irreligious/atheist intellectuals encourage irreligious Egyptians and Egyptian atheists to speak up and come out of the closet, a trend which is visible across both Islam and Christianity, and involves both Egyptian men and Egyptian women.
4452:
487:, In which Muslims and Christians were involved in bloody, inter-religious clashes following a dispute between a Muslim and a Christian. "Twenty Christians and one Muslim were killed after violence broke out in the town of el-Kosheh, 440 kilometres (275 miles) south of Cairo." In 2005, in Kafr Salama village, Sharqiya governorate, an altercation between a Muslim and a Christian resulted in the death of the Muslim. Muslim villagers later attacked the Abu Sifin Church and several Christian homes and looted several shops before the authorities restored order. In 2006, one person, described by police as drunk and mad, attacked three churches in
426:(or occasionally vice versa) may stir social unrest, and thereby justify themselves in wrongfully detaining the subjects, insisting that they are simply taking steps to prevent likely social troubles from happening. In 2007, a Cairo administrative court denied 45 citizens the right to obtain identity papers documenting their reversion to Christianity after converting to Islam. However, in February 2008 the Supreme Administrative Court overturned the decision, allowing 12 citizens who had reverted to Christianity to re-list their religion on identity cards, but they will specify that they had adopted Islam for a brief period of time.
80:
1236:. Without valid identity cards Baháʼís encounter difficulty registering their children in school, opening bank accounts, and establishing businesses. On 16 December 2006, after only one hearing, the High Court of Egypt ruled against the Baháʼís, stating that the government would not recognize their religion in official identification cards. The ruling left Baháʼís unable to obtain ID cards, birth certificates, or death certificates. However, on January 29, 2008 Cairo's court of Administrative Justice, ruling on
712:
1080:
975:
174:
7262:
5417:
1406:
7272:
5427:
1392:
366:. Contempt or blasphemy against a religion can be charged under section 98 (f) of the Egyptian Penal Code. Conversion from Islam to any other faith is not recognized officially, though issues have also occurred for those converting to Islam. The government also discriminates against Islamic religious minority groups, most notably Shi'a Muslims, who face open official discrimination, including being barred from admission to
7282:
531:
598:
heavily Sufi-influenced. Sufism has flourished in Egypt since Islam was first adopted. Most upper- and middle-class
Muslims believed either that religious expression is a private matter for each individual or that Islam should play a more dominant role in public life. Islamic religious revival movements, whose appeal cuts across class lines, have been present in most cities and in many villages for a long time.
1092:
7292:
583:
665:
1363:" However, no such punishment actually exists in the country. In January 2018 the head of the parliament's religious committee, Amr Hamroush, suggested a bill to make atheism illegal, stating that "it must be criminalised and categorised as contempt of religion because atheists have no doctrine and try to insult the Abrahamic religions". In 2014 the
1240:, ruled in favour of the Baháʼís, allowing them to obtain birth certificates and identification documents, so long as they omit their religion on court documents. The ruling accepted the compromise solution offered by the Baháʼís, allowing for them to obtain identification papers without the Baháʼí Faith being officially recognized.
1481:
In 1997, the
Washington Report on Middle East Affairs stated, "Estimates of the size of Egypt's Christian population vary from the low government figures of 6 to 7 million to the 12 million reported by some Christian leaders. The actual numbers may be in the 9 to 9.5 million range, out of an Egyptian
597:
made Egypt their center, and made Cairo their capital. Egypt's various social groups and classes apply Islam differently in their daily lives. The literate theologians of Al-Azhar generally reject the popular version of Islam practised by religious preachers and peasants in the countryside, which is
1225:
had difficulty obtaining documentation from government authorities, and police regularly detain people who do not have correct documentation, some Baháʼís frequently stayed home to avoid possible arrest. In 2008 a court case allowed Baháʼís to obtain birth certificates and identification documents,
1347:
by words or writing, whereas insulting other faiths like
Buddhism or Hinduism is not punishable by Egyptian law but insulting Islam, Christianity, or Judaism is. Atheists or irreligious people cannot change their official religious status, thus statistically they are counted as followers of their
417:
to Islam generally without difficulty, but
Muslims who convert to Christianity face difficulties in getting new identity papers and some have been arrested for allegedly forging such documents. The Coptic community, however, takes pains to prevent conversions from Christianity to Islam due to the
209:
In 2010, based on the contested 2006 Census data, estimated that 94.9% of
Egyptians are Muslims, 5.1% are Christians, and less than 1% are Jewish, Buddhists, or other religions. The share of Christians in the Egyptian population has according to official statistics been declining with the highest
361:
and other senior figures have emphasized religious tolerance. In 2019, Sisi's cabinet approved a number of churches. Authorities however, have often failed to sanction or take stringent action against mobs who have indulged in violence against
Christians. While construction of mosques is freely
356:
are formally recognized as absolute by the
Egyptian Constitution under Article 64, but are effectively limited by government intervention and sectarian conflict. Some aspects of the country's laws are heavily founded on Islamic principles. Egyptian authorities only recognize Judaism, Islam and
472:
were required to obtain presidential approval for even minor repairs in churches. Although the law was eased in 2005 by handing down the authority of approval to the governors, Copts continue to face many obstacles in building new churches. These obstacles are not as much in building mosques.
1992:
293:
in Egypt was over 12 million. Other estimates made by church officials put this number at 16 million. The Coptic
Orthodox Church claimed that these figures are based on regularly updated membership records. Protestant churches claim a membership of about 300,000 Egyptians, and the
1290:
It is difficult to quantify the number of atheist or agnostic
Egyptians due to the persecution by the religious establishments, and its resulting social stigma against publicly identifying as non-religious, along with a lack of official statistics. Public statements deemed critical of
1311:, and others, have been convicted under this law. Blasphemy cases are not initiated by the general prosecutor, and only occur if a citizen, usually an official from the religious establishments, takes the step of filing against the person engaging in blasphemy, a procedure similar to
418:
ease with which
Christians can often become Muslim. Public officials, being conservative themselves, intensify the complexity of the legal procedures required to recognize the religion change as required by law. Security agencies will sometimes claim that such conversions from
1722:
Estimates of the size of Egypt's Christian population vary from the low government figures of 6 to 7 million to the 12 million reported by some Christian leaders. The actual numbers may be in the 9 to 9.5 million range, out of an Egyptian population of more than
1327:
who was shot dead in 1992 by Islamists as a consequence, among others. In 2000, an openly atheist Egyptian writer, who called for the establishment of a local association for atheists, was tried on charges of insulting Islam in four of his books.
161:(January 7) was recognized as an official holiday, though Christians complain of being minimally represented in law enforcement, state security and public office, and of being discriminated against in the workforce on the basis of their religion.
1371:
announced a joint strategy to combat the spread of what they categorized as "harmful ideas" among the nation's youth, including atheism. Despite hostility towards them, atheists in Egypt have become increasingly vocal online since the
1190:
has denounced the Ahmadis and Ahmadis have been hounded by police along with other Muslim groups deemed to be deviant under Egypt's defamation laws. On 15 March 2010, nine Ahmadis were detained due to their adherence to the movement.
3178:
Coptic Christians make up the majority of Egypt's roughly 9 million Christians. About 1 million more Coptic Christians are spread across Africa, Europe, the United Kingdom and the United States, according to the World Council of
1319:; also, officials from the religious establishment, specifically al-Azhar institution, issue fatwa to permit the killing of those who blaspheme if the Egyptian government doesn't do it, such as, notably, in the case of
548:
in Egypt since the amendment of the second article of the Egyptian constitution in the year 1980, before which Egypt was recognized as a secular country. The vast majority of Egyptian Muslims are Sunni, with a small
4988:
210:
share reported in the past century being in 1927, when the official census put the percentage of Egyptian Christians at 8.3%. In each of the seven subsequent censuses, the percentage shrank, ending at 5.7% in 1996.
1342:
Discrimination against atheists in Egypt is mainly the result of the religious establishments in the country, as the laws and policies in Egypt protect religious freedom but punish those who ridicule or insult the
5382:
4236:
499:. On 7 May 2011, a church was burnt down in Cairo. Then on 14 October 2012 in the absence of security officials 2 Muslims from a group were killed after they tried to kidnap a woman from a Christian family.
213:
However, most Christians refuted these figures, claiming they have been under-counted. Christians maintain that they represent up to 15% or even 25% of the Egyptian population. In 2017 state-owned newspaper
1247:
tensions have remained high, including homes being burnt, though Baháʼís made ongoing efforts to contribute to the dialog. Since 2011 Baháʼís remain concerned, noting such things as a 2012 statement by a
2741:
1229:
Informal estimates about the Baháʼí population in Egypt suggest that, in 2006, there were approximately 2,000 Baháʼís resident in Egypt, though other estimates go as high as 6,900 adherents in 2010.
2916:
76:
Orthodox Christians (with estimates ranging from 5-15%). The exact numbers are subject to controversy, with Christians alleging that they have been systemically under-counted in existing censuses.
5392:
1186:
movement in Egypt, which numbers up to 7,000 to 50,000 adherents in the country, was established in 1922 but has seen an increase in hostility and government repression as of the 21st century. The
2847:
491:, leaving one dead and from 5 to 16 injured, although the attacker was not linked to any organisation. On January 7, 2010, Muslim gunmen open fire on Christian worshipers leaving a church in
362:
allowed by the authorities without any intervention, they have sometimes let mob rule dictate that even registered churches be closed down. Christians have also been consistently targeted by
483:
share a common history and national identity; however, at times religious tensions have arisen, and individual acts of prejudice and violence occur. The most significant was the 2000–2001
328:, since public expressions of irreligion risk harassment and legal sanctions; most sources estimate the number of Egyptian atheists who openly identify as such to be in the millions, see
495:
resulting in the murder of nine Coptic Christians. On January 1, 2011, at least 21 people were killed and 83 injured when a car bomb exploded outside a Coptic Christian church in
3785:
2042:
2671:
7111:
6144:
4647:
350:
In 2022 Freedom House rated Egypt's religious freedom 2 out of 4 and total score of 21 out of 100 in regards of all rights such as political rights and civil liberties.
3470:
6139:
6134:
4317:
3652:
1683:
1135:
and Europe were attracted to Egypt due to the relative harmony that characterized the local religious landscape in the 19th and early 20th centuries. After the 1956
1143:. Their Egyptian citizenship was revoked and their properties were confiscated. A steady stream of emigration of Egyptian Jews followed, reaching a peak after the
3135:
Egypt has the Middle East's largest Orthodox population (an estimated 4 million Egyptians, or 5% of the population), mainly members of the Coptic Orthodox Church.
344:
1965:
4975:
2292:
4360:
2333:
1839:
4968:
4956:
1454:
2907:
298:
is estimated to have similar membership figures. These figures would put the percentage of Christians in Egypt between 10% and 20% of the total population.
3630:
1478:
Numbers vary widely. The 1996 census, the last for which public info on religion exists has 5.6% of the population as Christian (down from 8.3% in 1927).
925:
in Egypt. There are very few native Christian Egyptians who adhere to the Latin Church, and those who do (several hundreds) do so mainly through marriage.
2704:
2463:
1221:, culminating in Law 263 in 1960, banning all Baháʼí institutions and community activities in Egypt. Reports in 2006 revealed that, as followers of the
1160:
2844:
1331:
According to the 2020 US report on international religious freedom there are no reliable estimates of the number of atheists in Egypt. A study at the
6666:
1237:
3593:
2359:
1864:
1709:
1540:
4709:
822:
68:, religion has been excluded, and thus available statistics are estimates made by religious and non-governmental agencies. The country is majority
5913:
5463:
1010:
857:
744:
451:
2973:
1766:
240:, Sunni Muslims make up 90% of the population, with Christians making up the remaining 10%. A significant number of Sunni Muslims follow native
4044:
3359:
Lawrence, Bruce B. (2013; p.302), 'Citizen Ahmad among the Believers: Salvation Contextualized in Indonesia and Egypt' in Khalil, M. H. (ed.)
3251:
Lawrence, Bruce B. (2013; p.297), 'Citizen Ahmad among the Believers: Salvation Contextualized in Indonesia and Egypt' in Khalil, M. H. (ed.)
2724:
2384:
1609:
6535:
3760:
2827:
1735:
2987:
2873:
1595:
456:
Coptic Christians, being the largest religious minority in Egypt, are the most negatively affected by possibly discriminatory legislation.
2617:
2434:
692:
standing at between 5% – 15% of Egypt's population according to different statistics. About 95% of Egypt's Christians are members of the
443:
393:, and made it necessary for non-Abrahamic religious communities to either commit perjury or be denied Egyptian identification cards (see
4187:
2594:
2118:
434:
Egyptian state laws allow Muslim men to marry Christian or Jewish women but do not allow Christian or Jewish men to marry Muslim women.
6161:
6129:
3795:
1449:
3740:
6990:
6518:
6000:
4426:
2145:
1896:
999:
776:
219:
4854:
4164:
4002:
7002:
6393:
4694:
4263:
3886:
2568:
1233:
394:
340:
A 2020 report stated that Egypt is one of the top five countries with the highest levels of social hostilities involving religion.
4129:
2178:
6437:
6171:
5331:
1115:. Jews participated in all aspects of Egypt's social, economic and political life; one of the most ardent Egyptian nationalists,
633:
are trained in Imam vocational schools and at Al-Azhar. The ministry supports Sunni Islam and has commissions authorized to give
3397:
3101:
3008:
5714:
3861:
7239:
4844:
3950:
3505:
3478:
3375:
3318:
995:
Protestant churches also exist in Egypt. The total number of Protestants in Egypt is around 200,000. The denominations are:
139:
960:(an Oriental Orthodox Church) has a very small population in Egypt, numbering between 450 and 500. Most are students of the
7063:
6717:
6661:
6617:
6430:
6104:
6094:
6054:
5306:
5056:
4457:
987:
693:
673:
266:
108:
3660:
6722:
6462:
6348:
5456:
3975:
2653:
2052:
861:
833:
760:
274:
3267:
2093:
7175:
7106:
6985:
6607:
6484:
6151:
6032:
5959:
5947:
5908:
5351:
4933:
1575:
701:
4086:
3713:
2419:
1974:
6710:
6239:
3078:
2476:
2394:
2222:
2023:
961:
305:, with estimates in 2022 placing the number at between 1,000 and 2,000 people, along with a far smaller community of
3147:
2308:
1485:
In 2004, the Christian Post quoted the U.S. Copt Association as reporting 15% of the population as native Christian.
1214:
6843:
6506:
6229:
3169:
1501:, one of the main government owned national newspapers in Egypt, estimated the percentage between 10% - 15% (2017).
1488:
QScience Connect in 2013 using 2008 data estimated that 5.1% of Egyptians between the ages of 15 and 59 were Copts.
1444:
389:) and all other religious beliefs. This ruling effectively delegitimizes and forbids practice of all but the three
2266:
7202:
7170:
6923:
6649:
6059:
5779:
4213:
3126:
2767:"Interfaith Marriage in Islam: An Examination of the Legal Theory Behind the Traditional and Reformist Positions"
2245:
2047:
1813:
1565:
363:
282:
4387:
3620:
3571:
3156:
The Coptic Orthodox Church is the main Christian Church in Egypt, where it has between 6 and 11 million members.
6771:
6565:
6528:
5449:
4944:
3926:
2637:
2146:"Controversy in Egypt after a prominent church figure declared the number of Copts in Egypt exceeds 12 million"
1232:
Since their faith is not officially recognized by the state, they were not allowed to use it on their national
4480:
2701:
343:
A 2021 report notes a government crack-down on religious violence, including the execution of the murderer of
7058:
6853:
6259:
5784:
5767:
5141:
4724:
4617:
4565:
4419:
3682:
3234:
868:
817:
Church) has around 210,000 members in Egypt and roughly 50,000 adherents abroad. It is in communion with the
764:
6970:
1200:
1151:
in 1967. As of mid-2016, there were a total of 6 Jews remaining in Cairo, including their spiritual leader,
7034:
6838:
6806:
6622:
6254:
6124:
6047:
5641:
5537:
5387:
4451:
3292:
1074:
1059:
642:
Scholars estimate that Shia Muslims comprise 1 percent of the population. There are very small numbers of
7285:
7197:
7039:
6781:
6671:
6494:
6289:
6156:
6099:
5995:
5870:
5515:
5346:
5251:
4490:
4346:
3597:
1950:
1377:
1373:
1045:
871:(an Eastern Catholic Church) has about 7,000 members in Egypt. The eparchy of Egypt is looked after by a
237:
3335:
185:
7316:
7192:
6997:
6894:
6877:
6860:
6801:
6627:
6582:
6513:
6452:
6425:
6069:
5928:
5707:
5661:
5525:
5520:
5025:
5007:
886:(an Oriental Orthodox Church) has around 7,000 adherents in Egypt. Most of them follow the Holy See of
708:, attesting to Egypt's strong Christian heritage. It has approximately 10 million followers worldwide.
273:
church. Other Christian denominations include Armenian Apostolic, Catholic, Maronite and Anglican. The
3191:
447:
7158:
7101:
7068:
6833:
6743:
6705:
6700:
6688:
6587:
6279:
6249:
6234:
5986:
5356:
4764:
4475:
1763:
1459:
1368:
1052:
1038:
883:
814:
768:
218:
claimed that the percentage of Christians ranged from 10 to 15%, similar to the range claimed by the
564:
communities making up the remainder. A significant number of Sunni Egyptians also follow the native
7234:
7214:
7022:
6848:
6644:
6632:
6469:
6447:
6114:
6064:
6005:
5964:
5840:
5835:
5801:
5762:
5636:
5301:
5266:
5221:
5073:
5049:
4994:
4879:
4869:
4674:
4412:
3527:
2721:
1617:
1434:
1316:
1244:
943:
936:
788:
784:
506:
ranked Egypt as the 25th most difficult place to be a Christian, on their annual World Watch List.
374:
2824:
2515:
909:
has around 7,000 adherents in Egypt. Most are citizens born in Egypt but of foreign descent, like
65:
7143:
6766:
6501:
6353:
6326:
6311:
6306:
6042:
5942:
5606:
5191:
5186:
5081:
4884:
4769:
4704:
2179:"Pope Shenouda III declares to a TV station that the number of Copts in Egypt exceeds 12 million"
1525:
837:
278:
4065:
1662:
7295:
7224:
7153:
6975:
6943:
6637:
6575:
6570:
6284:
5749:
5666:
5656:
5530:
5311:
5286:
5201:
5181:
5131:
5101:
5091:
5001:
4864:
4824:
4809:
4794:
4749:
4689:
4510:
3816:
1429:
1424:
1300:
1218:
957:
950:
810:
802:
Significant minorities within Egypt's Christian community include the following denominations:
796:
792:
736:
557:
310:
295:
255:
4981:
4637:
3714:"Atheists in Egypt: Life on the Edge of Civil Death | Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights"
2623:
2212:
2128:
1892:
7229:
7121:
7091:
6980:
6960:
6906:
6818:
6457:
6415:
6410:
6388:
6196:
6186:
5971:
5850:
5818:
5700:
5681:
5510:
5472:
5397:
5276:
5271:
5151:
4814:
4104:
3901:
2602:
1419:
965:
772:
655:
602:
469:
314:
2797:
Fouad N. Ibrahim (1982). "Social and economic geographical analysis of the Egyptian Copts".
2488:
1655:
1591:
7096:
7046:
6916:
6020:
6010:
5611:
5493:
5341:
5291:
5246:
5226:
5216:
5116:
5012:
4919:
4894:
4739:
4734:
4714:
4684:
4669:
4545:
3425:. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. U.S. Department of State. 15 September 2006
3422:
2966:
2869:
826:
502:
In January 2013 when the Muslim Brotherhood was in power, Christian nonprofit organization
492:
414:
358:
225:
Recent self-identification surveys put the Christian percentage at around 10%, as found by
4342:
3048:
2766:
2153:
1942:
1222:
302:
8:
7207:
7187:
7007:
6955:
6950:
6889:
6791:
6474:
6405:
6400:
6119:
5823:
5498:
5371:
5316:
5231:
5211:
5096:
5086:
5042:
4962:
4928:
4904:
4874:
4859:
4839:
4829:
4819:
4784:
4779:
4729:
4679:
4654:
4610:
2912:
1792:
1344:
1285:
1187:
895:
875:, and has between 35,000 and 50,000 ex-patriates in Europe, North and South America, and
840:) has around 350,000 adherents in Egypt. The Church has another 1.5 million adherents in
705:
572:
397:), until a 2008 Cairo court case ruled that unrecognized religious minorities may obtain
390:
367:
353:
112:
2572:
1913:
1632:
1111:
Before 1956 and according to the 1948 census there were 65,639 Egyptian Jews, including
72:(estimated to be 85-95% of the population), with the next largest religious group being
7017:
6928:
6828:
6695:
6523:
6489:
6442:
6420:
6316:
6218:
6089:
5976:
5923:
5616:
5591:
5586:
5361:
5296:
5261:
5196:
5176:
5166:
5126:
5111:
5106:
4914:
4909:
4849:
4799:
4759:
4659:
4595:
4570:
4535:
4505:
4500:
4435:
3105:
2676:
1332:
1177:
1140:
1100:
1031:
1003:
697:
465:
410:
270:
4027:
401:
and identification documents, so long as they omit their religion on court documents.
7271:
7165:
6872:
6823:
6776:
6761:
6676:
6592:
6479:
6377:
6358:
6191:
5865:
5860:
5791:
5774:
5757:
5631:
5503:
5426:
5402:
5321:
5281:
5256:
5236:
5171:
5146:
5121:
4950:
4889:
4834:
4789:
4774:
4754:
4744:
4664:
4622:
4585:
4560:
4515:
4290:"Characterizing the Copts in Egypt: Demographic, socioeconomic and health indicators"
3625:
3445:
3314:
2938:
2887:
2439:
2390:
2300:
2218:
2123:
1571:
1439:
1360:
1320:
1267:
1017:
398:
131:
104:
88:
7027:
3294:
Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and its Medieval Background
3209:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
461:
229:
in 2016 (which estimated the country to be 10.3% Christian and 89.4% Muslim) and by
7126:
7083:
7053:
6901:
6683:
6612:
6554:
6269:
6264:
6244:
6166:
5981:
5882:
5813:
5796:
5737:
5626:
5558:
5241:
5206:
5161:
5156:
5065:
4899:
4804:
4699:
4590:
4575:
4465:
4297:
2806:
2697:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2015:
1364:
1206:
922:
684:
The Coptic Christian population in Egypt is the largest Christian community in the
484:
409:
While freedom of religion is guaranteed by the Egyptian constitution, according to
127:
79:
64:, although estimates vary greatly in the absence of official statistics. Since the
56:
controls many aspects of social life and is endorsed by law. The state religion of
6938:
3841:
3500:
1482:
population of more than 60 million" which yields an estimate of about 10-20% then.
7116:
6933:
6884:
6786:
6602:
6338:
6321:
5952:
5877:
5651:
5646:
5621:
4632:
4600:
4555:
4550:
4485:
3790:
3360:
3308:
3252:
3053:
2851:
2831:
2728:
2708:
2657:
1993:"Religion/Islamic conservatism's revival attracts followers, worries governments"
1770:
1411:
1112:
929:
780:
586:
147:
96:
2059:
7265:
7219:
7073:
7012:
6796:
6597:
6109:
6037:
5896:
5830:
5676:
5563:
5488:
4605:
4580:
4530:
4525:
4520:
2787:
Harvard encyclopedia of American ethnic groups By Stephan Thernstrom. Page 242.
1788:
1741:
1336:
1132:
1024:
914:
872:
716:
659:
571:
In the country. Egypt hosts the most important Sunni institution in the world,
545:
525:
457:
230:
3979:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2650:
1780:
1210:
579:), and is considered by many to be the oldest extant university in the world.
7310:
7148:
7136:
7131:
6811:
5901:
5570:
5420:
4470:
4003:"Understanding Unbelief in Egypt - Understanding Unbelief - Research at Kent"
2304:
2101:
1356:
1312:
918:
853:
849:
740:
643:
575:. It is the oldest Islamic institution of higher studies (founded around 970
538:
534:
309:, with an estimated 13 adherents in 2014 (down from 80,000 prior to the 1953
226:
4302:
4289:
2663:
711:
7275:
6865:
6274:
5933:
3741:"A Brief And Bitter History Of Being Atheist In Modern Egypt - Worldcrunch"
2857:
2541:
1397:
1352:
1296:
1213:
Faith as an independent religion distinct from Islam. The state-sanctioned
1155:, all women over the age of 65. There are a further 12 Jews in the city of
1152:
1128:
1124:
1120:
974:
906:
689:
669:
646:
Muslims, Ahmadi Muslims, and expatriate members of various groups in Egypt
550:
423:
382:
69:
38:
2951:
2464:"4. Restrictions on religion among the 25 most populous countries in 2018"
1584:
357:
Christianity, allowing them public worship unlike other faiths. President
6294:
6025:
6015:
5808:
5671:
5596:
5430:
4627:
2435:"Egypt's Jewish community diminished to 6 women after death of Lucy Saul"
1308:
1304:
1144:
1136:
983:
685:
677:
5441:
2702:
Egypt court upholds right of converted Muslims to return to Christianity
1027:
Church, which has 120 churches and has around 10,000 adherents in Egypt.
704:
and traditionally believed to be established in the 1st century C.E. by
173:
6343:
6301:
3820:
3764:
2810:
1324:
1156:
1116:
887:
752:
748:
622:
589:
founded in 970 by the Fatimids as the first Islamic University in Egypt
576:
554:
503:
496:
488:
480:
290:
252:
123:
100:
2898:
1610:"Copts welcome Presidential announcement on Eastern Christmas Holiday"
1526:
World Religion Database 2020 at the ARDA website, retrieved 2023-08-03
281:) has around 350,000 adherents. The most recent declarations, made by
7182:
6654:
5553:
4404:
2880:
1355:
poll of 1,798 Muslims in Egypt, 63% of those surveyed supported "the
1183:
1104:
1079:
876:
723:, built in the third or fourth century CE, is one of the most famous
561:
377:
made a clear legal distinction between "recognized religions" (i.e.,
259:
248:
158:
135:
4288:
Mohamoud, Yousra; Cuadros, Diego; Abu-Raddad, Laith (26 June 2013).
4045:"Young Arabs are Changing their Beliefs and Perceptions: New Survey"
3817:"Controversial Egyptian film 'The Atheist' gets go ahead by censors"
262:
community range from 800,000 to about two to three million members.
233:
in 2019 (which estimated it to be 9.6% Christian and 90.3% Muslim).
5855:
5034:
4495:
4361:"Egypt's Sisi meets world Evangelical churches delegation in Cairo"
4237:"Egypt's Coptic Christians: Caught Between Renewal and Persecution"
4142:
2891:
1840:"Egypt's Sisi meets world Evangelical churches delegation in Cairo"
1710:"Egypt's Coptic Christians: Caught Between Renewal and Persecution"
1498:
1405:
910:
594:
325:
215:
3549:
3471:"Egypt's forgotten Baha'i community fearful and hopeful of future"
1592:"Egypt, US State Dept 2008 International Religious Freedom Report"
635:
613:
school of Sunni Islam is largely controlled by the state, through
5601:
4540:
3362:
Between Heaven and Hell: Islam, Salvation, and the Fate of Others
3310:
Women Under Islam: Gender Justice and the Politics of Islamic Law
3254:
Between Heaven and Hell: Islam, Salvation, and the Fate of Others
2328:
2326:
2214:
Between Heaven and Hell: Islam, Salvation, and the Fate of Others
1084:
953:(an Eastern Catholic Church) has around 2,000 adherents in Egypt.
939:(an Eastern Catholic Church) has around 1,200 adherents in Egypt.
932:(an Eastern Catholic Church) has around 5,000 adherents in Egypt.
899:
891:
676:. Egyptian Christians are the largest Christian community in the
568:
386:
321:
306:
244:
154:
143:
119:
4020:
3034:
2051:. UK Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 15 August 2008. Archived from
301:
There is a small but historically significant population of the
5887:
5845:
5692:
1276:
in Egypt in 2010. That number decreased to about 1124 in 2020.
1273:
1249:
1148:
1091:
845:
841:
626:
610:
606:
565:
476:
286:
241:
84:
2323:
2293:"Egypt's Shiite Muslims saw the Sunni hatred grow under Morsi"
5918:
5723:
3887:"USA Today -- Rampant religious persecution against atheists"
3528:"Egypt's Bahais score breakthrough in religious freedom case"
1292:
979:
756:
728:
720:
419:
378:
73:
61:
57:
28:
4353:
3862:"A Christopher Hitchens dream: Atheism on the rise in Egypt"
3786:"A Christopher Hitchens dream: Atheism on the rise in Egypt"
3550:"Egypt court upholds Baháʼí plea in religious freedom cases"
2415:
2413:
1936:
1934:
946:(an Eastern Catholic Church) has about 500 members in Egypt.
664:
621:
controls all mosques and supervises Muslim clerics, but the
582:
530:
6331:
2523:
United States Commission on International Religious Freedom
2190:
2188:
818:
724:
630:
3398:"Egypt Ahmadis detained under emergency law: rights group"
2334:"Egypt's Sisi meets world Evangelical churches delegation"
2267:"Four Egyptian Shi'ites killed in attack by Sunni Muslims"
2010:
2008:
2006:
605:, any new legislation must at least implicitly agree with
6911:
4287:
4264:"Thousands Protest Egypt's Neglect of Coptic Persecution"
2974:"Bomb hits Alexandria church at New Year's Mass, 21 dead"
2410:
1931:
1736:"Thousands Protest Egypt's Neglect of Coptic Persecution"
1491:
The Pew Foundation estimated 5.1% for Christians in 2010.
1254:
3268:"The Ahmadiyya, One of Islam's Most Controversial Sects"
3148:"BBC - Religions - Christianity: Coptic Orthodox Church"
3131:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
2185:
1348:
parent's religion, whether it is Islam or Christianity.
1252:
spokesman that "We will prosecute the Bahai's [
1226:
so long as they omit their religion on court documents.
1209:
became the first Islamic state to legally recognize the
3446:"EGYPT: Court suspends ruling recognising Bahai rights"
3079:"2020 Report on International Religious Freedom: Egypt"
2638:
Egypt: Egypt Arrests 22 Muslim converts to Christianity
2429:
2427:
2003:
1967:
The 2009 American Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life
1887:
1885:
1279:
1006:) which has between 10,000 and 15,000 members in Egypt.
335:
1865:"Egyptian Copts reject population estimate – Politics"
1166:
751:
communities are largely found in the urban regions of
735:
Other native Egyptian Christians are adherents of the
320:
A varying number of Egyptians will openly identify as
3376:"Rights group demands release of Ahmadiyya detainees"
3009:"Sectarian tensions rise in wake of crime boss death"
2722:
Egypt allows converts to revert to Christianity on ID
2601:, Human Rights Watch, 11 January 2007, archived from
2544:. Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights. 2006-12-16
1893:"The Copts and Their Political Implications in Egypt"
1637:
Egypt: Overview of human rights issues in Egypt. 2005
1455:
List of Coptic Orthodox Churches in the United States
460:
have faced increasing marginalization since the 1952
437:
4447:
4165:"Govt announces campaign to save youth from atheism"
3621:"Shahat: Baha'is threaten Egypt's national security"
3192:"Coptic Orthodox Church — World Council of Churches"
3093:
2952:"Egyptians riot after seven killed in Church attack"
2870:"Egypt, International Religious Freedom Report 2006"
2569:"Egypt Baha'is win court fight over identity papers"
2542:"Government Must Find Solution for Baha'i Egyptians"
2424:
2113:
2111:
1908:
1906:
1882:
1387:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3572:"Baháʼí Homes Set on Fire Again in Egypt – UPDATED"
3417:
3415:
3307:Jones-Pauly, Christina; Tuqan, Abir Dajani (2011).
1041:, which has Church around 3,500 adherents in Egypt.
1020:
Church, which has around 40,000 adherents in Egypt.
3927:"Is Al-Azhar University a Global Security Threat?"
3842:"In protection of religion or protection from it?"
3574:. The Muslim Network for Baháʼí Rights. 2011-02-23
2906:
2140:
2138:
1119:' (Abu Naddara), was Jewish, as were the musician
1034:Church, which has around 5,000 adherents in Egypt.
4143:"Egyptian Parliament considers outlawing atheism"
3227:
3049:"Egyptian people section from the World Factbook"
2489:"Egypt: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report"
2108:
1903:
1649:
1647:
978:Archangel Michael's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral in
107:as the first Islamic university in Egypt and the
7308:
4388:"EGYPT: Attacks Raise Fear of Religious Discord"
3701:
3591:
3412:
3306:
2796:
1789:"EGYPT: Attacks Raise Fear of Religious Discord"
982:. A noticeable large proportion of Egyptians in
111:established in the middle of the 1st century by
4255:
3423:"Egypt: International Religious Freedom Report"
3365:, pp.288–312. New York: Oxford University Press
3257:, pp.288–312. New York: Oxford University Press
2246:"Egypt: Attack On Shia Comes At Dangerous Time"
2173:
2171:
2135:
1011:Evangelical Church of Egypt (Synod of the Nile)
452:Abduction and forced conversion of Coptic women
247:. There are reportedly close to fifty thousand
3735:
3733:
3235:"Egypt's last Jews aim to keep heritage alive"
2764:
2672:"Egyptian Court Allows Return to Christianity"
2127:. Microsoft. 30 September 2008. Archived from
1644:
844:and between 10,000 and 15,000 ex-patriates in
265:Most Egyptian Christians belong to the native
95:Egypt hosts two major religious institutions.
5708:
5457:
5050:
4420:
3102:"Egypt's Christian-Muslim Gap Growing Bigger"
2037:
2035:
2033:
404:
289:in 2008, claimed that the number of Orthodox
4335:
3619:al-Shahat, Abdel Moneim (18 February 2012).
3552:. Baháʼí World News Service. 29 January 2008
3167:
3073:
3071:
2874:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
2742:"New Digital Platforms | AUC Libraries"
2619:Egypt: national unity & the Coptic issue
2168:
2100:. LookLex. 30 September 2008. Archived from
1957:
1596:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
329:
4205:
3730:
3689:. United Nations, Population Division. 2020
3127:"Orthodox Christianity in the 21st Century"
2360:"Egyptian Copts reject population estimate"
2197:Sufism, Mystics, and Saints in Modern Egypt
1914:"Egypt Round 6 Data (2016) | Afrobarometer"
1541:"Egyptian Copts reject population estimate"
444:Anti-Christian sentiment in the Middle East
5715:
5701:
5464:
5450:
5057:
5043:
4427:
4413:
4347:American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
4030:Are Arabs turning their backs on religion?
3951:"Explained: The enduring impact of fatwas"
3333:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2386:Who are the Christians in the Middle East?
2030:
1951:American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
1712:. Washington Report on Middle East Affairs
1707:
1450:List of Coptic Orthodox Churches in Canada
1139:, a great number of Jews were expelled by
1013:which has around 140,000 members in Egypt.
806:Apostolic Catholic and Orthodox Churches:
5471:
4301:
4281:
4214:"How many Christians are there in Egypt?"
3969:
3967:
3618:
3068:
2510:
2508:
1897:Washington Institute for Near East Policy
1814:"How many Christians are there in Egypt?"
1570:. Pew Research Center. 16 February 2011.
1000:Episcopal/Anglican Province of Alexandria
777:Episcopal/Anglican Province of Alexandria
220:Washington Institute for Near East Policy
4310:
4241:Washington Report on Middle East Affairs
4228:
4039:
4037:
3501:"QuickLists: Most Baha'i Nations (2010)"
3465:
3463:
3437:
3041:
2908:"Coptic Christians attacked in churches"
2566:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2461:
2217:. Oxford University Press. p. 297.
1090:
1078:
973:
710:
668:About 5% to 15% of Egyptians follow the
663:
581:
529:
395:Egyptian identification card controversy
313:and persecution during the decades long
78:
4140:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3924:
3594:"An open letter to the people of Egypt"
3493:
3336:"Insult laws: Elusive and longstanding"
2888:"Egyptian court orders clashes retrial"
2555:
2290:
2194:
1567:How many Christians are there in Egypt?
1494:The CIA Fact Book estimated 10% (2012).
823:Coptic Catholic Patriarch of Alexandria
514:
251:Muslims in Egypt. Estimates of Egypt's
7309:
4434:
4385:
3973:
3964:
3899:
3612:
3035:"The Open Doors World Watch List 2013"
2505:
2462:Mitchell, Travis (November 10, 2020).
2210:
1786:
1472:
858:Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria
448:Persecution of Copts § Modern era
6741:
6552:
6375:
6216:
5735:
5696:
5445:
5038:
4408:
4066:"Data Analysis Tool – Arab Barometer"
4034:
3761:"Who is afraid of Egyptian atheists?"
3596:. www.bahai-egypt.org. Archived from
3506:Association of Religion Data Archives
3460:
3081:. US Department of State. 12 May 2020
2988:"11 killed, churches burned in Cairo"
2904:
2567:Johnston, Cynthia (29 January 2008).
2529:
1055:, which has 1,100 adherents in Egypt.
1048:, which has 1,400 adherents in Egypt.
509:
83:A common religious scene in Egypt: a
7291:
5064:
4458:Traditional African religions portal
4379:
4261:
4141:Winston, Kimberly (4 January 2018).
4079:
3986:
3633:from the original on 10 October 2017
3443:
3170:"Who are Egypt's Coptic Christians?"
3099:
2919:from the original on 12 January 2022
2669:
2622:, Ahram, 5 July 2004, archived from
2516:"Egypt Chapter - 2019 Annual Report"
2291:Bengali, Shashank (10 August 2013).
2199:, University of South Carolina Press
1708:Don Wagner (October–November 1997).
1660:Data can be also accessed using the
1653:Arab Barometer Wave V (2018 - 2019)
1535:
1533:
1280:Atheism, agnosticism, and irreligion
1131:. For a while, Jews from across the
694:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
674:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
336:Freedom of religion and human rights
267:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
168:
109:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
7281:
4211:
3974:Halawi, Jailan (27 December 2000).
3520:
1167:Unrecognized and persecuted beliefs
1097:Library of Jewish Heritage in Egypt
834:Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria
761:Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria
275:Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria
236:According to 2015 figures from the
13:
4234:
4185:
4145:. World-Wide Religions News (WWRN)
3683:"International Migrant Stock 2020"
3297:Oxford University Press, 2003 p.24
1806:
1625:
1616:, 20 December 2002, archived from
1171:
964:, or foreign students studying in
702:Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church
593:The Shia Ismaili caliphate of the
438:Relations with the Coptic minority
14:
7328:
6662:Role of the Egyptian Armed Forces
4343:"Egypt from "The World Factbook""
4262:Chan, Kenneth (7 December 2004).
4212:Suh, Michael (15 February 2011).
3978:. Al-Ahram Weekly. Archived from
2845:Church Building Regulations Eased
2825:Church Building Regulations Eased
2389:. Betty Jane Bailey. 2003-03-27.
2152:. 2 November 2008. Archived from
2024:United States Department of State
1676:
1530:
1299:can be tried under the country's
1217:started to emerge after the 1953
962:Catechetical School of Alexandria
617:(Ministry of Religious Affairs).
238:Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
7290:
7280:
7270:
7261:
7260:
6519:Refugees of the Syrian civil war
5722:
5580:Minorities and Foreign nationals
5425:
5416:
5415:
4989:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
4710:Democratic Republic of the Congo
4450:
4243:. No. October/November 1997
4179:
4157:
4134:
4123:
4097:
4058:
3943:
3918:
3893:
3879:
3854:
3477:. 7 January 2012. Archived from
3214:www.greekorthodox-alexandria.org
2939:Egypt church attacks spark anger
2670:Audi, Nadim (11 February 2008).
2211:Khalil, Mohammad Hassan (2013).
1639:, Human Rights Watch, 2006-01-18
1445:List of Coptic Churches in Egypt
1404:
1390:
172:
7003:Identification card controversy
4130:Pew Forum website, 2013 article
4105:"The Taboo of Atheism in Egypt"
3925:Farahat, Cynthia (2017-08-24).
3902:"The Taboo of Atheism in Egypt"
3834:
3809:
3778:
3753:
3675:
3645:
3592:Baháʼís of Egypt (April 2011).
3585:
3564:
3542:
3390:
3368:
3353:
3334:Sarah Carr (19 November 2012).
3327:
3300:
3285:
3260:
3245:
3202:
3184:
3161:
3140:
3119:
3027:
3001:
2980:
2944:
2931:
2837:
2817:
2790:
2781:
2758:
2734:
2714:
2691:
2643:
2631:
2610:
2587:
2481:
2470:
2455:
2377:
2352:
2284:
2259:
2238:
2204:
2094:"Egypt Religions & Peoples"
2048:Foreign and Commonwealth Office
1985:
1857:
1832:
1757:
1728:
1701:
1194:
649:
364:Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
204:
5909:Khedivate and Kingdom of Egypt
5383:British Indian Ocean Territory
4386:Morrow, Adam (24 April 2006).
4322:www.globalreligiousfutures.org
4318:"Religions in Egypt | PEW-GRF"
4028:The Arab world in seven charts
3168:Matt Rehbein (10 April 2017).
2765:Alex B. Leeman (Spring 2009).
2020:Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs
1787:Morrow, Adam (24 April 2006).
1777:. Retrieved 28 September 2008.
1688:www.globalreligiousfutures.org
1684:"Religions in Egypt | PEW-GRF"
1602:
1558:
1519:
639:judgements on Islamic issues.
629:madhhabs were mixed together.
1:
6217:
4618:Traditional African religions
2905:Miles, Hugh (15 April 2006).
1513:
1258:] on charge of treason".
869:Melkite Greek Catholic Church
821:in Rome. It is headed by the
765:Melkite Greek Catholic Church
354:Freedom of belief and worship
6536:Twin towns and sister cities
6376:
6048:Assassination of Anwar Sadat
4188:"Egypt's embattled atheists"
3900:Khatib, Hakim (2016-01-24).
2660:Ahram Weekly, 3 – 9 May 2007
1504:Several sources give 10-20%.
1159:, whose spiritual leader is
1075:History of the Jews in Egypt
1060:Seventh-day Adventist Church
921:, or members of the foreign
375:Supreme Administrative Court
7:
7064:Vehicle registration plates
6742:
6718:Water supply and sanitation
6553:
5736:
4770:Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)
4491:Traditional Berber religion
4109:International Policy Digest
4087:"US State Dept 2017 report"
3906:International Policy Digest
3313:. I.B.Tauris. p. 416.
3100:Cole, Ethan (8 July 2008).
2195:Hoffman, Valerie J (1995),
1663:"Online Data Analysis Tool"
1383:
1376:and particularly after the
1374:Egyptian revolution of 2011
1303:. Outspoken atheists, like
1261:
1219:dissolution of the monarchy
1062:has 852 adherents in Egypt.
1046:Pentecostal Holiness Church
680:by raw number of adherents.
429:
311:dissolution of the monarchy
271:Oriental Orthodox Christian
10:
7333:
6723:Water resources management
5026:African diaspora religions
2954:. NBC NEWS. 7 January 2010
2823:WorldWide Religious News.
1335:, citing a 2018 survey by
1283:
1265:
1198:
1175:
1072:
1068:
743:denominations such as the
653:
523:
441:
405:Restrictions on conversion
164:
7256:
7082:
6754:
6750:
6737:
6618:Impact on the environment
6608:Entrepreneurship policies
6561:
6548:
6384:
6371:
6225:
6212:
6180:
6082:
5748:
5744:
5731:
5579:
5546:
5479:
5411:
5370:
5330:
5072:
5022:
4927:
4646:
4476:Ancient Egyptian religion
4442:
2571:. Reuters. Archived from
2477:US State Dept 2021 report
2420:US State Dept 2022 report
1460:Ancient Egyptian religion
1361:leave the Muslim religion
1053:Church of God of Prophecy
1039:Pentecostal Church of God
884:Armenian Apostolic Church
769:Armenian Apostolic Church
759:, and are members of the
745:Coptic Evangelical Church
413:, "Egyptians are able to
21:Religion in Egypt (2020)
6389:Administrative divisions
6065:2011 Egyptian revolution
6006:1952 Egyptian revolution
5802:Lighthouse of Alexandria
5132:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
4695:Central African Republic
1465:
1435:Catholic Church in Egypt
1245:2011 Egyptian revolution
944:Chaldean Catholic Church
937:Armenian Catholic Church
789:Chaldean Catholic Church
785:Armenian Catholic Church
672:faith as members of the
519:
6593:Egyptian stock exchange
5393:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
4303:10.5339/connect.2013.22
2850:18 October 2017 at the
2656:15 October 2008 at the
1633:"Egypt: Events of 2005"
1378:ouster of Morsi in 2013
1317:civil law legal systems
1272:There were about 2,700
1238:two related court cases
838:Eastern Orthodox Church
330:Atheism and agnosticism
279:Eastern Orthodox Church
6924:International rankings
5929:Egyptian–Ethiopian War
4007:Understanding Unbelief
3976:"Limits to expression"
3530:. AFP. 30 January 2008
1430:Protestantism in Egypt
1425:Coptic Orthodox Church
1215:persecution of Baháʼís
1108:
1088:
991:
958:Syriac Orthodox Church
951:Syriac Catholic Church
811:Coptic Catholic Church
797:Syriac Orthodox Church
793:Syriac Catholic Church
737:Coptic Catholic Church
732:
681:
590:
541:
468:. Until recently, the
296:Coptic Catholic Church
92:
6529:Terrorism and tourism
5987:1948 Arab–Israeli War
5819:Library of Alexandria
5473:Demographics of Egypt
4855:São Tomé and Príncipe
4845:Republic of the Congo
4390:. Inter Press Service
4216:. Pew Research Center
2876:. September 15, 2006.
2843:Compass Direct News.
2830:18 March 2009 at the
2727:16 April 2009 at the
2651:"Fraud, not Freedom".
1964:"Muslim population",
1769:24 March 2016 at the
1420:Christianity in Egypt
1323:, and in the case of
1243:During and since the
1201:Baháʼí Faith in Egypt
1094:
1082:
977:
966:Egyptian universities
907:Latin Catholic Church
773:Latin Catholic Church
714:
700:church headed by the
667:
656:Christianity in Egypt
603:constitution of Egypt
585:
533:
345:Father Samaan Shehata
315:Arab-Israeli conflict
285:and bishop Morkos of
82:
7240:World Heritage Sites
7059:Units of measurement
6514:Proposed new capital
6260:Environmental issues
6021:United Arab Republic
5914:Muhammad Ali dynasty
5307:United Arab Emirates
4365:english.ahram.org.eg
3982:on 26 December 2004.
3444:IRIN (16 May 2006).
2626:on 12 September 2007
2605:on 28 September 2008
2364:english.ahram.org.eg
2338:english.ahram.org.eg
2311:on 22 September 2015
2055:on 12 December 2012.
2026:. 30 September 2008.
1869:english.ahram.org.eg
1844:english.ahram.org.eg
1620:on 30 September 2007
1598:. 19 September 2008.
1545:english.ahram.org.eg
827:Ibrahim Isaac Sidrak
515:Recognized religions
359:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
6912:Freedom of religion
6807:Mass sexual assault
6172:Timekeeping devices
6070:2013 Rabaa massacre
6043:Egyptian–Libyan War
5334:limited recognition
4611:Serer creation myth
3291:Yohanan Friedmann.
3133:. 8 November 2017.
2854:. 13 December 2005.
2834:. 13 December 2005.
2771:Indiana Law Journal
2640:. November 03, 2003
2575:on 15 February 2008
2131:on 28 October 2009.
2104:on 1 February 2011.
1953:. 4 September 2008.
1818:Pew Research Center
1793:Inter Press Service
1345:Abrahamic religions
1286:Irreligion in Egypt
1188:Al-Azhar University
1002:(a province of the
896:Holy See of Cilicia
739:and various Coptic
573:Al-Azhar University
544:Islam has been the
537:As viewed from the
470:Christians in Egypt
391:Abrahamic religions
368:Al-Azhar University
157:government, Coptic
153:In 2002, under the
31:(official) (90.64%)
7102:Art (contemporary)
6782:Capital punishment
6672:Telecommunications
6349:Towns and villages
6317:Qattara Depression
6130:Muslim Brotherhood
6100:Cigarette industry
5960:British occupation
5871:Crusader invasions
5841:Rashidun Caliphate
4596:Malagasy mythology
4506:Bushongo mythology
4436:Religion in Africa
3106:The Christian Post
2811:10.1007/BF00446595
2711:. 9 February 2008.
2707:2011-11-21 at the
2677:The New York Times
2181:. 29 October 2008.
1980:on 10 October 2009
1947:The World Factbook
1899:. 25 October 2005.
1820:. 16 February 2011
1499:Al-Ahram newspaper
1333:University of Kent
1178:Ahmadiyya in Egypt
1153:Magda Tania Haroun
1141:Gamal Abdel Nasser
1109:
1101:Ben Ezra Synagogue
1089:
1032:Christian Brethren
1004:Anglican Communion
992:
894:, rather than the
733:
682:
591:
542:
510:Religions in Egypt
466:Gamal Abdel Nasser
411:Human Rights Watch
399:birth certificates
184:. You can help by
93:
47: Other (0.1%)
7317:Religion in Egypt
7304:
7303:
7252:
7251:
7248:
7247:
7176:Football stadiums
7107:Botanical gardens
6986:Catholic dioceses
6878:Gender inequality
6802:Human trafficking
6733:
6732:
6667:Tallest buildings
6628:Military industry
6544:
6543:
6485:Political parties
6438:Islamic extremism
6426:Foreign relations
6367:
6366:
6208:
6207:
6204:
6203:
5948:French occupation
5866:Fatimid Caliphate
5861:Ikhshidid dynasty
5690:
5689:
5564:Coptic Christians
5516:Oriental Orthodox
5439:
5438:
5376:other territories
5066:Religion in Asia
5032:
5031:
4938:other territories
4725:Equatorial Guinea
4623:Tumbuka mythology
4586:Lugbara mythology
4571:Khoe/San religion
4516:Dahomean religion
4192:www.aljazeera.com
4186:Keddie, Patrick.
4111:. 24 January 2016
3931:Middle East Forum
3653:"India and Egypt"
3626:Egypt Independent
3340:Egypt Independent
3320:978-1-84511-386-5
3239:timesofisrael.com
3196:www.oikoumene.org
3015:. 15 October 2012
2941:, April 15, 2006.
2440:Egypt Independent
2297:Los Angeles Times
1997:Star Wars Tribune
1918:afrobarometer.org
1745:. 7 December 2004
1440:Hinduism in Egypt
1369:Ministry of Awqaf
1365:Ministry of Youth
1268:Hinduism in Egypt
1123:, popular singer
1018:Assemblies of God
862:Pope Theodoros II
698:Oriental Orthodox
609:. The mainstream
601:According to the
485:El Kosheh attacks
283:Pope Shenouda III
202:
201:
132:national identity
99:, founded in 970
54:Religion in Egypt
7324:
7294:
7293:
7284:
7283:
7274:
7264:
7263:
7069:Waste management
6834:Academic grading
6752:
6751:
6739:
6738:
6711:Railway stations
6689:Cultural tourism
6588:Economic regions
6550:
6549:
6373:
6372:
6214:
6213:
5883:Mamluk Sultanate
5814:Diocese of Egypt
5797:Battle of Actium
5746:
5745:
5733:
5732:
5717:
5710:
5703:
5694:
5693:
5521:Eastern Orthodox
5466:
5459:
5452:
5443:
5442:
5429:
5419:
5418:
5388:Christmas Island
5074:Sovereign states
5059:
5052:
5045:
5036:
5035:
4648:Sovereign states
4591:Maasai mythology
4576:Lotuko mythology
4466:Akamba mythology
4460:
4455:
4454:
4429:
4422:
4415:
4406:
4405:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4349:. June 22, 2014.
4339:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4314:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4294:QScience Connect
4285:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4232:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4209:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4183:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4138:
4132:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4062:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4041:
4032:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4013:
3999:
3984:
3983:
3971:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3794:. Archived from
3782:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3737:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3710:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3659:. Archived from
3649:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3481:on 21 March 2012
3467:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3419:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3372:
3366:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3304:
3298:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3264:
3258:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3241:. 26 March 2017.
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3075:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3013:Daily News Egypt
3005:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2948:
2942:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2910:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2866:
2855:
2841:
2835:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2746:
2738:
2732:
2731:. February 2008.
2718:
2712:
2698:Associated Press
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2667:
2661:
2649:Shahine, Gihan.
2647:
2641:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2564:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2538:
2527:
2526:
2520:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2485:
2479:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2431:
2422:
2417:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2330:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2307:. Archived from
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2192:
2183:
2182:
2175:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2115:
2106:
2105:
2090:
2057:
2056:
2039:
2028:
2027:
2012:
2001:
2000:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1973:, archived from
1972:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1938:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1910:
1901:
1900:
1889:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1784:
1778:
1773:<Online>.
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1659:
1651:
1642:
1640:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1537:
1528:
1523:
1507:
1476:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1321:Hamed Abdelsamad
1207:Kingdom of Egypt
1161:Ben Youssef Gaon
1087:from Egypt, 1873
923:diplomatic corps
815:Eastern Catholic
615:Wizaret Al-Awkaf
373:In 2006 Egypt's
197:
194:
176:
169:
46:
36:
26:
7332:
7331:
7327:
7326:
7325:
7323:
7322:
7321:
7307:
7306:
7305:
7300:
7244:
7235:Public holidays
7225:National anthem
7078:
6991:Coptic Churches
6934:Egyptian Arabic
6844:Medical schools
6746:
6729:
6645:Nuclear program
6557:
6540:
6470:Nationality law
6463:Supreme Council
6448:Law enforcement
6380:
6363:
6339:Sinai Peninsula
6322:Red Sea Riviera
6221:
6200:
6176:
6078:
5965:1919 revolution
5953:Revolt of Cairo
5878:Ayyubid dynasty
5856:Tulunid dynasty
5740:
5727:
5721:
5691:
5686:
5575:
5542:
5475:
5470:
5440:
5435:
5407:
5375:
5366:
5347:Northern Cyprus
5333:
5326:
5068:
5063:
5033:
5028:
5018:
4937:
4932:
4923:
4642:
4633:Yoruba religion
4601:Mbuti mythology
4556:Isoko mythology
4486:Bantu mythology
4456:
4449:
4438:
4433:
4403:
4393:
4391:
4384:
4380:
4370:
4368:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4326:
4324:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4286:
4282:
4272:
4270:
4260:
4256:
4246:
4244:
4233:
4229:
4219:
4217:
4210:
4206:
4196:
4194:
4184:
4180:
4170:
4168:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4148:
4146:
4139:
4135:
4128:
4124:
4114:
4112:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4035:
4025:
4021:
4011:
4009:
4001:
4000:
3987:
3972:
3965:
3956:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3935:
3933:
3923:
3919:
3910:
3908:
3898:
3894:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3871:
3869:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3825:
3823:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3801:
3799:
3784:
3783:
3779:
3770:
3768:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3738:
3731:
3722:
3720:
3712:
3711:
3702:
3692:
3690:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3666:
3664:
3663:on 7 March 2012
3657:www.shvoong.com
3651:
3650:
3646:
3636:
3634:
3617:
3613:
3603:
3601:
3600:on 9 April 2011
3590:
3586:
3577:
3575:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3553:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3533:
3531:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3512:
3510:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3484:
3482:
3469:
3468:
3461:
3451:
3449:
3442:
3438:
3428:
3426:
3421:
3420:
3413:
3403:
3401:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3381:
3379:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3358:
3354:
3344:
3342:
3332:
3328:
3321:
3305:
3301:
3290:
3286:
3276:
3274:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3250:
3246:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3218:
3216:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3198:. January 1948.
3190:
3189:
3185:
3166:
3162:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3110:
3108:
3098:
3094:
3084:
3082:
3077:
3076:
3069:
3059:
3057:
3054:World Fact Book
3047:
3046:
3042:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3018:
3016:
3007:
3006:
3002:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2957:
2955:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2936:
2932:
2922:
2920:
2903:
2899:
2894:. 30 July 2001.
2886:
2885:
2881:
2868:
2867:
2858:
2852:Wayback Machine
2842:
2838:
2832:Wayback Machine
2822:
2818:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2763:
2759:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2729:Wayback Machine
2719:
2715:
2709:Wayback Machine
2696:
2692:
2682:
2680:
2668:
2664:
2658:Wayback Machine
2648:
2644:
2636:
2632:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2578:
2576:
2565:
2556:
2547:
2545:
2540:
2539:
2530:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2506:
2497:
2495:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2475:
2471:
2460:
2456:
2446:
2444:
2433:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2368:
2366:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2343:
2341:
2332:
2331:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2289:
2285:
2276:
2274:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2209:
2205:
2193:
2186:
2177:
2176:
2169:
2159:
2157:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2117:
2116:
2109:
2092:
2091:
2060:
2041:
2040:
2031:
2014:
2013:
2004:
1999:. 18 June 2009.
1991:
1990:
1986:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1941:
1939:
1932:
1922:
1920:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1891:
1890:
1883:
1873:
1871:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1846:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1823:
1821:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1797:
1795:
1785:
1781:
1771:Wayback Machine
1762:
1758:
1748:
1746:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1723:60 million
1715:
1713:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1690:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1656:"Data Download"
1654:
1652:
1645:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1578:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1549:
1547:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1412:Religion portal
1410:
1403:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1359:for people who
1288:
1282:
1270:
1264:
1203:
1197:
1180:
1174:
1172:Ahmadiyya Islam
1169:
1077:
1071:
988:Coptic Orthodox
930:Maronite Church
781:Maronite Church
662:
654:Main articles:
652:
587:Al-Azhar Mosque
528:
522:
517:
512:
454:
442:Main articles:
440:
432:
407:
338:
207:
198:
192:
189:
182:needs expansion
167:
126:share a common
97:Al-Azhar Mosque
51:
50:
49:
48:
44:
42:
34:
32:
24:
12:
11:
5:
7330:
7320:
7319:
7302:
7301:
7299:
7298:
7288:
7278:
7268:
7257:
7254:
7253:
7250:
7249:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7211:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7185:
7180:
7179:
7178:
7173:
7171:Football clubs
7163:
7162:
7161:
7156:
7146:
7141:
7140:
7139:
7134:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7088:
7086:
7080:
7079:
7077:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7050:
7049:
7044:
7043:
7042:
7032:
7031:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6994:
6993:
6988:
6978:
6973:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6947:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6926:
6921:
6920:
6919:
6914:
6904:
6899:
6898:
6897:
6892:
6882:
6881:
6880:
6870:
6869:
6868:
6858:
6857:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6815:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6767:Animal welfare
6764:
6758:
6756:
6748:
6747:
6735:
6734:
6731:
6730:
6728:
6727:
6726:
6725:
6715:
6714:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6693:
6692:
6691:
6681:
6680:
6679:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6658:
6657:
6650:Power stations
6647:
6642:
6641:
6640:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6598:Egyptian pound
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6579:
6578:
6568:
6562:
6559:
6558:
6546:
6545:
6542:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6533:
6532:
6531:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6510:
6509:
6502:Prime Minister
6499:
6498:
6497:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6466:
6465:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6434:
6433:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6397:
6396:
6385:
6382:
6381:
6369:
6368:
6365:
6364:
6362:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6335:
6334:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6307:Northern coast
6304:
6299:
6298:
6297:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6226:
6223:
6222:
6210:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6202:
6201:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6182:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6148:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6086:
6084:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6076:
6075:
6074:
6073:
6072:
6067:
6057:
6052:
6051:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6038:Yom Kippur War
6030:
6029:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
5993:
5992:
5991:
5990:
5989:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5968:
5967:
5957:
5956:
5955:
5940:
5939:
5938:
5937:
5936:
5931:
5921:
5916:
5906:
5905:
5904:
5894:
5893:
5892:
5891:
5890:
5880:
5875:
5874:
5873:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5833:
5828:
5827:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5806:
5805:
5804:
5799:
5789:
5788:
5787:
5782:
5772:
5771:
5770:
5760:
5754:
5752:
5742:
5741:
5729:
5728:
5720:
5719:
5712:
5705:
5697:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5583:
5581:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5568:
5567:
5566:
5561:
5550:
5548:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5535:
5534:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5508:
5507:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5485:
5483:
5477:
5476:
5469:
5468:
5461:
5454:
5446:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5433:
5423:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5379:
5377:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5338:
5336:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5078:
5076:
5070:
5069:
5062:
5061:
5054:
5047:
5039:
5030:
5029:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5010:
5008:Western Sahara
5005:
4998:
4992:
4985:
4979:
4972:
4966:
4960:
4954:
4948:
4945:Canary Islands
4941:
4939:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4614:
4613:
4606:Serer religion
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4581:Lozi mythology
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4531:Efik mythology
4528:
4526:Dogon religion
4523:
4521:Dinka religion
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4496:Bono mythology
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4446:
4444:
4440:
4439:
4432:
4431:
4424:
4417:
4409:
4402:
4401:
4378:
4352:
4334:
4309:
4280:
4268:Christian Post
4254:
4227:
4204:
4178:
4156:
4133:
4122:
4096:
4078:
4057:
4033:
4019:
3985:
3963:
3942:
3917:
3892:
3889:. May 4, 2016.
3878:
3853:
3833:
3808:
3777:
3752:
3729:
3700:
3674:
3644:
3611:
3584:
3563:
3541:
3519:
3492:
3459:
3436:
3411:
3389:
3367:
3352:
3326:
3319:
3299:
3284:
3259:
3244:
3226:
3201:
3183:
3160:
3139:
3118:
3092:
3067:
3040:
3026:
3000:
2979:
2965:
2943:
2930:
2897:
2879:
2856:
2836:
2816:
2789:
2780:
2757:
2733:
2713:
2690:
2662:
2642:
2630:
2609:
2586:
2554:
2528:
2504:
2480:
2469:
2454:
2443:. 30 July 2016
2423:
2409:
2395:
2376:
2351:
2322:
2283:
2258:
2237:
2223:
2203:
2184:
2167:
2156:on 3 June 2010
2134:
2107:
2058:
2029:
2002:
1984:
1956:
1930:
1902:
1881:
1856:
1831:
1805:
1779:
1756:
1742:Christian Post
1727:
1700:
1675:
1643:
1624:
1601:
1583:
1577:978-2024194347
1576:
1557:
1529:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1401:
1385:
1382:
1337:Arab Barometer
1284:Main article:
1281:
1278:
1266:Main article:
1263:
1260:
1234:identity cards
1199:Main article:
1196:
1193:
1176:Main article:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1133:Ottoman Empire
1127:and filmmaker
1073:Main article:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1025:Free Methodist
1021:
1014:
1007:
972:
971:
970:
969:
954:
947:
940:
933:
926:
903:
880:
873:Protosyncellus
865:
856:. The current
830:
717:Hanging Church
660:Copts in Egypt
651:
648:
546:state religion
526:Islam in Egypt
524:Main article:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
458:Copts in Egypt
439:
436:
431:
428:
406:
403:
337:
334:
231:Arab Barometer
206:
203:
200:
199:
179:
177:
166:
163:
43:
33:
23:
19:
18:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7329:
7318:
7315:
7314:
7312:
7297:
7289:
7287:
7279:
7277:
7273:
7269:
7267:
7259:
7258:
7255:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7190:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7168:
7167:
7164:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7151:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7129:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7097:Art (ancient)
7095:
7093:
7090:
7089:
7087:
7085:
7081:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7048:
7045:
7041:
7038:
7037:
7036:
7033:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7015:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6983:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6976:Blasphemy law
6974:
6972:
6969:
6968:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6945:
6944:Sign Language
6942:
6940:
6939:Saʽidi Arabic
6937:
6935:
6932:
6931:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6909:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6887:
6886:
6883:
6879:
6876:
6875:
6874:
6871:
6867:
6864:
6863:
6862:
6859:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6831:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6799:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6759:
6757:
6753:
6749:
6745:
6740:
6736:
6724:
6721:
6720:
6719:
6716:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6698:
6697:
6694:
6690:
6687:
6686:
6685:
6682:
6678:
6675:
6674:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6656:
6653:
6652:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6639:
6636:
6635:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6577:
6576:National Bank
6574:
6573:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6560:
6556:
6551:
6547:
6537:
6534:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6503:
6500:
6496:
6493:
6492:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6464:
6461:
6460:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6395:
6392:
6391:
6390:
6387:
6386:
6383:
6379:
6374:
6370:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6296:
6293:
6292:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6227:
6224:
6220:
6215:
6211:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6179:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6132:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6087:
6085:
6081:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6062:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6034:
6031:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6003:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5997:
5994:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5961:
5958:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5944:
5941:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5911:
5910:
5907:
5903:
5902:Ottoman Egypt
5900:
5899:
5898:
5895:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5872:
5869:
5868:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5811:
5810:
5807:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5793:
5790:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5777:
5776:
5773:
5769:
5766:
5765:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5751:
5747:
5743:
5739:
5734:
5730:
5725:
5718:
5713:
5711:
5706:
5704:
5699:
5698:
5695:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5667:Syro-Lebanese
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5657:Roma (Romani)
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5578:
5572:
5569:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5545:
5539:
5536:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5509:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5482:
5478:
5474:
5467:
5462:
5460:
5455:
5453:
5448:
5447:
5444:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5422:
5414:
5413:
5410:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5373:
5369:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5357:South Ossetia
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5329:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
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5288:
5285:
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5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
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5260:
5258:
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5250:
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5230:
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5060:
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5037:
5027:
5021:
5014:
5011:
5009:
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5004:
5003:
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4993:
4991:
4990:
4986:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4973:
4970:
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4964:
4961:
4958:
4955:
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4930:
4926:
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4918:
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4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
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4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
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4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
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4828:
4826:
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4808:
4806:
4803:
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4798:
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4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4765:Guinea-Bissau
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4639:
4638:Zulu religion
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4541:Igbo religion
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4471:Akan religion
4469:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4459:
4453:
4448:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4430:
4425:
4423:
4418:
4416:
4411:
4410:
4407:
4389:
4382:
4366:
4362:
4356:
4348:
4344:
4338:
4323:
4319:
4313:
4304:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4284:
4269:
4265:
4258:
4242:
4238:
4235:Wagner, Don.
4231:
4215:
4208:
4193:
4189:
4182:
4166:
4160:
4144:
4137:
4131:
4126:
4110:
4106:
4100:
4092:
4091:www.state.gov
4088:
4082:
4067:
4061:
4046:
4040:
4038:
4031:
4029:
4023:
4008:
4004:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3981:
3977:
3970:
3968:
3952:
3946:
3932:
3928:
3921:
3907:
3903:
3896:
3888:
3882:
3867:
3863:
3857:
3843:
3837:
3822:
3818:
3812:
3798:on 2013-10-28
3797:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3781:
3767:. 28 May 2013
3766:
3762:
3756:
3742:
3736:
3734:
3719:
3715:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3688:
3684:
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3662:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3615:
3599:
3595:
3588:
3573:
3567:
3551:
3545:
3529:
3523:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3496:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3466:
3464:
3447:
3440:
3424:
3418:
3416:
3400:. 14 May 2010
3399:
3393:
3378:. 16 May 2010
3377:
3371:
3364:
3363:
3356:
3341:
3337:
3330:
3322:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3303:
3296:
3295:
3288:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3256:
3255:
3248:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3215:
3211:
3205:
3197:
3193:
3187:
3180:
3175:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3153:
3152:www.bbc.co.uk
3149:
3143:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3122:
3107:
3103:
3096:
3080:
3074:
3072:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3037:. Open Doors.
3036:
3030:
3014:
3010:
3004:
2989:
2983:
2975:
2969:
2953:
2947:
2940:
2934:
2918:
2914:
2913:The Telegraph
2909:
2901:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2875:
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2865:
2863:
2861:
2853:
2849:
2846:
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2808:
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2800:
2793:
2784:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2761:
2743:
2737:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2717:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2646:
2639:
2634:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2613:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2590:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2543:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2524:
2517:
2511:
2509:
2494:
2493:Freedom House
2490:
2484:
2478:
2473:
2465:
2458:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2430:
2428:
2421:
2416:
2414:
2398:
2396:9780802810205
2392:
2388:
2387:
2380:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2327:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2287:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2247:
2241:
2226:
2224:9780199945412
2220:
2216:
2215:
2207:
2198:
2191:
2189:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1976:
1969:
1968:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1935:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1907:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1794:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1764:NLG Solutions
1760:
1744:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1724:
1711:
1704:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1648:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1579:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1561:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1503:
1500:
1497:According to
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1402:
1399:
1388:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1357:death penalty
1354:
1349:
1346:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1313:Antragsdelikt
1310:
1306:
1302:
1301:blasphemy law
1298:
1294:
1287:
1277:
1275:
1269:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1205:In 1925, the
1202:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1095:Annex of the
1093:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1001:
997:
996:
994:
993:
989:
985:
981:
976:
967:
963:
959:
955:
952:
948:
945:
941:
938:
934:
931:
927:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
878:
874:
870:
866:
863:
859:
855:
854:South America
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
807:
805:
804:
803:
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
747:. Non-native
746:
742:
738:
730:
726:
722:
718:
713:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
679:
675:
671:
666:
661:
657:
647:
645:
644:Dawoodi Bohra
640:
638:
637:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
599:
596:
588:
584:
580:
578:
574:
570:
567:
563:
560:and the Shia
559:
556:
552:
547:
540:
539:Cairo Citadel
536:
535:Islamic Cairo
532:
527:
507:
505:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
471:
467:
463:
459:
453:
449:
445:
435:
427:
425:
421:
416:
412:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
371:
369:
365:
360:
355:
351:
348:
346:
341:
333:
331:
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
299:
297:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
263:
261:
257:
254:
250:
246:
243:
239:
234:
232:
228:
227:Afrobarometer
223:
221:
217:
211:
196:
187:
183:
180:This section
178:
175:
171:
170:
162:
160:
156:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
116:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
90:
86:
81:
77:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
40:
30:
22:
16:
7122:Coat of arms
7092:Architecture
6981:Christianity
6965:
6961:Prostitution
6907:Human rights
6866:Abaza family
6854:Universities
6819:Demographics
6772:Billionaires
6416:Constitution
6411:Conscription
6394:Governorates
6275:Halfaya Pass
6145:1954–present
6105:Constitution
6060:2010s Crisis
5972:World War II
5934:Urabi revolt
5851:Islamization
5785:31st Dynasty
5780:27th Dynasty
5682:Palestinians
5511:Christianity
5480:
5372:Dependencies
5302:Turkmenistan
5267:Saudi Arabia
5136:
5000:
4987:
4974:
4929:Dependencies
4880:South Africa
4870:Sierra Leone
4719:
4675:Burkina Faso
4511:Christianity
4481:Baháʼí Faith
4392:. Retrieved
4381:
4369:. Retrieved
4364:
4355:
4337:
4325:. Retrieved
4321:
4312:
4296:(2013): 22.
4293:
4283:
4271:. Retrieved
4267:
4257:
4245:. Retrieved
4240:
4230:
4218:. Retrieved
4207:
4197:26 September
4195:. Retrieved
4191:
4181:
4169:. Retrieved
4159:
4147:. Retrieved
4136:
4125:
4113:. Retrieved
4108:
4099:
4090:
4081:
4069:. Retrieved
4060:
4048:. Retrieved
4026:
4022:
4010:. Retrieved
4006:
3980:the original
3955:. Retrieved
3953:. 2022-08-16
3945:
3934:. Retrieved
3930:
3920:
3909:. Retrieved
3905:
3895:
3881:
3870:. Retrieved
3868:. 2013-10-27
3865:
3856:
3845:. Retrieved
3836:
3824:. Retrieved
3811:
3800:. Retrieved
3796:the original
3789:
3780:
3769:. Retrieved
3755:
3744:. Retrieved
3721:. Retrieved
3717:
3691:. Retrieved
3686:
3677:
3665:. Retrieved
3661:the original
3656:
3647:
3635:. Retrieved
3624:
3614:
3602:. Retrieved
3598:the original
3587:
3576:. Retrieved
3566:
3554:. Retrieved
3544:
3532:. Retrieved
3522:
3511:. Retrieved
3504:
3495:
3483:. Retrieved
3479:the original
3474:
3450:. Retrieved
3439:
3427:. Retrieved
3402:. Retrieved
3392:
3380:. Retrieved
3370:
3361:
3355:
3345:26 September
3343:. Retrieved
3339:
3329:
3309:
3302:
3293:
3287:
3275:. Retrieved
3271:
3262:
3253:
3247:
3238:
3229:
3217:. Retrieved
3213:
3204:
3195:
3186:
3177:
3173:
3163:
3155:
3151:
3142:
3134:
3130:
3121:
3109:. Retrieved
3095:
3083:. Retrieved
3058:. Retrieved
3052:
3043:
3029:
3017:. Retrieved
3012:
3003:
2991:. Retrieved
2982:
2968:
2956:. Retrieved
2946:
2933:
2921:. Retrieved
2900:
2882:
2839:
2819:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2783:
2774:
2770:
2760:
2748:. Retrieved
2736:
2716:
2693:
2681:. Retrieved
2675:
2665:
2645:
2633:
2624:the original
2618:
2612:
2603:the original
2599:World report
2598:
2589:
2577:. Retrieved
2573:the original
2546:. Retrieved
2522:
2496:. Retrieved
2492:
2483:
2472:
2457:
2445:. Retrieved
2438:
2400:. Retrieved
2385:
2379:
2367:. Retrieved
2363:
2354:
2342:. Retrieved
2337:
2313:. Retrieved
2309:the original
2296:
2286:
2275:. Retrieved
2273:. 2013-06-23
2270:
2261:
2249:. Retrieved
2240:
2228:. Retrieved
2213:
2206:
2196:
2158:. Retrieved
2154:the original
2149:
2129:the original
2122:
2102:the original
2098:Encyclopedia
2097:
2053:the original
2046:
2019:
1996:
1987:
1975:the original
1966:
1959:
1946:
1921:. Retrieved
1917:
1872:. Retrieved
1868:
1859:
1847:. Retrieved
1843:
1834:
1822:. Retrieved
1817:
1808:
1796:. Retrieved
1782:
1774:
1759:
1749:28 September
1747:. Retrieved
1739:
1730:
1721:
1714:. Retrieved
1703:
1691:. Retrieved
1687:
1678:
1666:. Retrieved
1636:
1627:
1618:the original
1613:
1604:
1586:
1566:
1560:
1548:. Retrieved
1544:
1521:
1474:
1398:Egypt portal
1353:Pew Research
1350:
1341:
1330:
1297:Christianity
1289:
1271:
1253:
1242:
1231:
1228:
1223:Baháʼí Faith
1204:
1195:Bahá'í Faith
1181:
1129:Togo Mizrahi
1125:Leila Mourad
1121:Dawoud Husni
1110:
1096:
825:, currently
801:
734:
727:Churches in
690:North Africa
683:
650:Christianity
641:
634:
618:
614:
600:
592:
543:
501:
475:
455:
433:
424:Christianity
408:
383:Christianity
372:
352:
349:
342:
339:
319:
303:Baháʼí Faith
300:
264:
235:
224:
212:
208:
205:Demographics
190:
186:adding to it
181:
152:
117:
94:
70:Sunni Muslim
53:
52:
39:Christianity
20:
15:
7286:WikiProject
7047:Scientology
6917:LGBT rights
6839:Law schools
6623:Lighthouses
6566:Agriculture
6295:Mount Sinai
6255:Earthquakes
6055:Mubarak era
6026:Six-Day War
6016:Suez Crisis
6011:Land reform
5758:Prehistoric
5612:Circassians
5547:Main groups
5526:Catholicism
5431:Asia portal
5332:States with
5252:Philippines
5192:South Korea
5187:North Korea
5082:Afghanistan
4885:South Sudan
4628:Waaqeffanna
4371:29 November
4167:. Mada Masr
4012:23 February
3604:25 February
3485:25 February
3219:25 November
3085:25 November
2750:25 November
2369:14 February
2344:30 November
1874:28 February
1849:28 February
1716:25 November
1614:Arabic News
1550:27 November
1325:Farag Fouda
1309:Kareem Amer
1305:Alber Saber
1145:Six-Day War
1137:Suez Crisis
984:Upper Egypt
686:Middle East
678:Middle East
607:Islamic law
493:Nag Hammadi
462:coup d'état
193:August 2024
66:2006 census
7198:Newspapers
7188:Mass media
7040:Synagogues
7008:Irreligion
6956:Literature
6951:Liberalism
6890:Healthcare
6792:Corruption
6475:Parliament
6406:Corruption
6401:Civil Code
6344:Suez Canal
6302:Nile Delta
6187:Alexandria
6157:Population
6152:Parliament
6120:Healthcare
6001:Nasser era
5775:Achaemenid
5750:Chronology
5531:Protestant
5312:Uzbekistan
5287:Tajikistan
5202:Kyrgyzstan
5182:Kazakhstan
5102:Bangladesh
5092:Azerbaijan
5024:See also:
5015:(Tanzania)
5002:Somaliland
4995:St. Helena
4959:(Portugal)
4934:autonomies
4865:Seychelles
4825:Mozambique
4810:Mauritania
4795:Madagascar
4750:The Gambia
4690:Cape Verde
4546:Irreligion
4367:. Al-Ahram
4327:4 December
4050:13 October
3957:2023-06-16
3936:2023-06-16
3911:2023-06-16
3872:2023-06-16
3847:2023-06-16
3821:Al Arabiya
3802:2013-10-28
3771:2013-11-20
3765:Al Arabiya
3746:2023-06-16
3723:2023-06-16
3637:16 October
3578:2012-02-25
3556:30 January
3534:30 January
3513:2020-10-16
3475:Bikya Masr
3277:30 October
3272:Fanack.com
3060:29 January
2958:10 October
2799:GeoJournal
2579:30 January
2548:2006-12-16
2498:2023-06-28
2340:. Al-Ahram
2277:2015-10-06
2160:2 November
2150:Al Arabiya
1668:10 October
1514:References
1351:In a 2011
1157:Alexandria
1117:Yaqub Sanu
888:Echmiadzin
753:Alexandria
741:Protestant
706:Saint Mark
504:Open Doors
497:Alexandria
489:Alexandria
481:Christians
291:Christians
124:Christians
118:In Egypt,
113:Saint Mark
87:next to a
7193:Magazines
7183:Egyptians
7018:Ahmadiyya
6929:Languages
6895:Hospitals
6829:Education
6696:Transport
6655:Aswan Dam
6583:Companies
6524:Terrorism
6490:President
6453:Massacres
6443:Judiciary
6421:Elections
6290:Mountains
6219:Geography
6197:Port Said
6140:1939–1954
6135:1928–1938
6090:Anarchism
6033:Sadat era
5977:Sultanate
5924:Khedivate
5824:Christian
5792:Ptolemaic
5617:Filipinos
5592:Albanians
5587:Armenians
5554:Egyptians
5481:Religions
5398:Hong Kong
5352:Palestine
5277:Sri Lanka
5272:Singapore
5152:Indonesia
4815:Mauritius
4443:Religions
3448:. Reuters
3404:4 October
3382:4 October
3179:Churches.
3111:2 October
2923:7 October
2805:: 63–67.
2683:7 October
2525:(report).
2315:7 October
2305:0458-3035
2251:6 October
1923:8 October
1798:8 October
1184:Ahmadiyya
1105:Old Cairo
990:heritage.
877:Australia
795:, or the
749:Christian
670:Christian
551:Mu'tazila
159:Christmas
136:ethnicity
7311:Category
7266:Category
7230:Olympics
7166:Football
6998:Hinduism
6966:Religion
6873:Feminism
6861:Families
6824:Diaspora
6787:Censuses
6777:Cannabis
6762:Abortion
6706:Airports
6701:Airlines
6677:Internet
6480:Passport
6458:Military
6431:Missions
6378:Politics
6359:Wildlife
6083:By topic
5996:Republic
5831:Sassanid
5662:Sudanese
5647:Magyarab
5637:Japanese
5632:Italians
5504:Ismailis
5421:Category
5342:Abkhazia
5292:Thailand
5247:Pakistan
5227:Mongolia
5222:Maldives
5217:Malaysia
5117:Cambodia
5013:Zanzibar
4984:(France)
4976:Puntland
4965:(France)
4920:Zimbabwe
4895:Tanzania
4740:Ethiopia
4735:Eswatini
4715:Djibouti
4685:Cameroon
4670:Botswana
4536:Hinduism
4501:Buddhism
4220:19 March
4171:26 April
4149:26 March
4115:13 March
3718:eipr.org
3693:7 August
3631:Archived
3452:28 March
3019:19 March
2917:Archived
2892:BBC News
2848:Archived
2828:Archived
2725:Archived
2705:Archived
2654:Archived
2402:June 19,
1824:19 March
1767:Archived
1693:19 March
1384:See also
1367:and the
1262:Hinduism
1113:Karaites
911:Italians
619:Al-Awkaf
595:Fatimids
558:Twelvers
430:Marriage
326:agnostic
256:Twelvers
216:Al Ahram
148:language
105:Fatimids
7296:Commons
7215:Museums
7159:regions
7127:Cuisine
7112:Castles
7084:Culture
7054:Smoking
7035:Judaism
7023:Mosques
6902:Housing
6849:Schools
6755:General
6744:Society
6684:Tourism
6613:Fishing
6571:Banking
6555:Economy
6280:Islands
6270:Geology
6265:Fossils
6250:Deserts
6245:Climate
6235:Borders
6181:By city
6167:Saladin
6115:Genetic
6095:Capital
5982:Kingdom
5897:Ottoman
5763:Ancient
5738:History
5642:Koreans
5627:Indians
5607:Chinese
5602:Bedouin
5571:Nubians
5559:Sa'idis
5538:Judaism
5317:Vietnam
5232:Myanmar
5212:Lebanon
5142:Georgia
5097:Bahrain
5087:Armenia
4982:Réunion
4971:(Spain)
4969:Melilla
4963:Mayotte
4957:Madeira
4953:(Spain)
4947:(Spain)
4905:Tunisia
4875:Somalia
4860:Senegal
4840:Nigeria
4830:Namibia
4820:Morocco
4785:Liberia
4780:Lesotho
4730:Eritrea
4705:Comoros
4680:Burundi
4655:Algeria
4566:Judaism
4561:Jainism
4394:28 June
4273:28 June
4247:28 June
4071:29 July
3826:10 July
3667:30 June
2595:"Egypt"
2447:3 March
2271:Reuters
2124:Encarta
2119:"Egypt"
2043:"Egypt"
2016:"Egypt"
1943:"Egypt"
1085:Ketubah
1083:Jewish
1069:Judaism
986:are of
915:Maltese
900:Lebanon
892:Armenia
623:Shafi'i
562:Ismaili
477:Muslims
464:led by
415:convert
387:Judaism
332:below.
322:atheist
260:Ismaili
165:History
155:Mubarak
144:culture
128:history
120:Muslims
103:by the
41:(9.26%)
7276:Portal
7117:Cinema
6971:Baháʼí
6885:Health
6633:Mining
6603:Energy
6327:Rivers
6240:Cities
6162:Postal
5943:Modern
5888:Mamluk
5846:Fustat
5836:Muslim
5768:topics
5726:topics
5677:Turkic
5672:Siwis
5652:Malays
5622:Greeks
5362:Taiwan
5297:Turkey
5262:Russia
5197:Kuwait
5177:Jordan
5167:Israel
5127:Cyprus
5112:Brunei
5107:Bhutan
4915:Zambia
4910:Uganda
4850:Rwanda
4800:Malawi
4760:Guinea
4660:Angola
3687:un.org
3509:. 2010
3317:
3210:"Main"
2993:12 May
2393:
2303:
2230:2 June
2221:
1574:
1274:Hindus
1250:Salafi
1211:Baháʼí
1149:Israel
919:French
846:Europe
842:Africa
791:, the
787:, the
783:, the
779:, the
775:, the
771:, the
767:, the
763:, the
725:Coptic
627:Maliki
611:Hanafi
569:orders
450:, and
385:, and
287:Shubra
249:Ahmadi
245:orders
146:, and
89:church
85:mosque
74:Coptic
45:
37:
35:
27:
25:
7220:Music
7203:Radio
7144:Films
7074:Women
7028:Niqāb
7013:Islam
6797:Crime
6638:Mines
6354:Wadis
6312:Oases
6285:Lakes
6230:Biota
6192:Cairo
6110:Copts
5919:Nahda
5809:Roman
5724:Egypt
5494:Sunni
5489:Islam
5403:Macau
5322:Yemen
5282:Syria
5257:Qatar
5237:Nepal
5172:Japan
5147:India
5137:Egypt
5122:China
4951:Ceuta
4936:, and
4890:Sudan
4835:Niger
4790:Libya
4775:Kenya
4755:Ghana
4745:Gabon
4720:Egypt
4665:Benin
4551:Islam
3866:Salon
3791:Salon
3429:8 May
2937:BBC.
2745:(PDF)
2720:AFP.
2519:(PDF)
1978:(PDF)
1971:(PDF)
1775:Egypt
1466:Notes
1293:Islam
1147:with
980:Aswan
850:North
757:Cairo
729:Egypt
721:Cairo
696:, an
636:Fatwā
631:Imams
520:Islam
420:Islam
379:Islam
269:, an
62:Islam
58:Egypt
29:Islam
7154:list
7149:Flag
7137:Wine
7132:Beer
6812:Rape
6507:list
6495:list
6332:Nile
6125:Jews
5597:Beja
5499:Shia
5242:Oman
5207:Laos
5162:Iraq
5157:Iran
4997:(UK)
4900:Togo
4805:Mali
4700:Chad
4396:2014
4373:2017
4329:2018
4275:2014
4249:2014
4222:2019
4199:2019
4173:2018
4151:2018
4117:2021
4073:2022
4052:2020
4014:2022
3828:2012
3695:2023
3669:2020
3639:2020
3606:2012
3558:2008
3536:2008
3487:2012
3454:2008
3431:2007
3406:2017
3384:2017
3347:2017
3315:ISBN
3279:2022
3221:2022
3113:2008
3087:2022
3062:2007
3021:2018
2995:2011
2960:2011
2925:2008
2777:(2).
2752:2022
2685:2008
2581:2008
2449:2017
2404:2009
2391:ISBN
2371:2018
2346:2017
2317:2015
2301:ISSN
2253:2015
2232:2014
2219:ISBN
2162:2008
1925:2017
1876:2018
1851:2018
1826:2018
1800:2008
1751:2008
1740:The
1718:2022
1695:2018
1670:2019
1572:ISBN
1552:2015
1182:The
1058:The
1051:The
1044:The
1037:The
1030:The
1023:The
1016:The
1009:The
998:The
956:The
949:The
942:The
935:The
928:The
917:and
905:The
882:The
867:The
852:and
836:(an
832:The
819:Pope
813:(an
809:The
755:and
715:The
688:and
658:and
625:and
566:Sufi
555:Shia
479:and
324:and
307:Jews
277:(an
258:and
253:Shia
242:Sufi
140:race
122:and
5374:and
4298:doi
3174:CNN
2807:doi
1315:in
1295:or
1255:sic
898:in
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860:is
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