792:, he had to face charges in May 1999 for his role in the 1989 coup, in which, according to the French prosecution, president Ahmed Abdallah was killed on the orders of Denard because he was about to remove Denard as head of the presidential guard. The prosecution said Ahmed Abdallah was shot on orders from Denard during a faked attack on his palace on the night of 26 November 1989. But a few days before the trial, Abdallah's family dropped their suit, and finally Denard and Dominique Malacrino were acquitted because of lack of evidence. The Comoros experienced its twentieth coup attempt since independence on the day that the trial began.
141:
683:. With the support of the Rhodesian government, he returned to the Comoros with 43 men on 13 May 1978 and carried out a coup against president Ali Soilih, who had turned toward socialist policies. Soilih was killed under mysterious circumstances on 29 May 1978. The official story that Soilih was "shot while trying to escape" is not generally believed. Helped by Denard, Ahmed Abdallah took the presidency back. For eleven years (1978 to 1989), Denard headed Abdallah's 500-strong presidential guard and had strong influence and business interests in the archipelago, marrying and converting to
129:
649:
888:, was found guilty of "belonging to a gang who conspired to commit a crime", and was given a five-year suspended jail term. During the trial, the role of the French secret services in the 1995 coup against SaĂŻd Djohar was recognized, but not deemed sufficient to discharge the mercenaries of their guilt. However, the knowledge of the French authorities of the attempted coup was one of the reasons given by the Court to abstain from ordering a firm prison sentence. During his trial in 2006 before the
117:
724:
827:, Abdallah's successor. On 4 October, in accordance with an agreement between France and the Comoros, the French army put an end to the attempt. The French government sent an expeditionary force to capture Denard and his mercenaries. Despite having over 300 armed Comorians ready to fight and having machine gun posts set up, Denard surrendered without a shot being fired. Denard was brought back to France by the French
105:
48:
892:, a former head of the foreign intelligence service explicitly stated that "When special services are unable to undertake certain kinds of undercover operation, they use parallel structures. This was the case of Bob Denard." In July 2007, he was sentenced by the Court of Appeal to four years in prison (three of them suspended). However, he never served his sentence for health reasons.
862:
On 9 March 2006, attorney
Olivier Bray asked for five years of prison for the 1995 coup d'Ă©tat against Said Mohamed Djohar under the code-name "Eskazi", and sentences between one and four years for his 26 accomplices. During the three-week-long trial, Denard and his accomplices tried to convince the
776:
In 1989, fearing a probable coup d'Ă©tat, president Ahmed
Abdallah signed a decree ordering the Presidential Guard, led by Denard, to disarm the armed forces. Shortly after the signing of the decree, a military officer allegedly entered president Abdallah's office and shot him, injuring Denard at the
875:", the French external intelligence agency. Olivier Feneteau, another suspect, declared that he had belonged in the past to the "action service" of the DGSE. On 9 March, Denard's lawyer presented declarations by former president Djohar, who had stated, during an interview to Comorian newspaper
373:
called him "a warrior king out of Homer" who achieved the dream of every mercenary by conquering the
Comoros in 1978, which he ruled via a puppet president until 1989. Venter believed Denard to be the most successful of the mercenaries in Africa, and certainly one of the best known.
1874:
1944:
1867:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1902:
511:, who had been murdered in Katanga in 1961 after having been overthrown by rival politicians and severely tortured while in transit. The Simba rebels were backed by the Chinese and Cubans, including
567:
and was available to carry out military actions on behalf of the French government in Africa. He may have been involved in a raid against Guinea in 1970. He was involved in a failed coup attempt in
1078:
1444:: 5th Ed., Collins Reference, 2003, p. 270: "Denard has seven wives and has at various times converted to Judaism (in Morocco) and Islam (in the Comoros) and then back to Catholicism."
1860:
710:, Denard foresaw the transition between traditional mercenaries to contemporary private military contractors, creating a small army during his stay in the Comoros in the 1980s.
2512:
2107:
438:, Denard then took part in many anti-colonialist conflicts, simultaneously on his own behalf and on that of the French state. Once he was freed from jail, he worked for the
2587:
2170:
484:
governments. The French and
British sponsored a number of mercenaries to train the royalist volunteers in military techniques, and Denard was among those who joined the
2047:
909:
Born a
Catholic, Denard converted to Judaism in Morocco, then to Islam in the Comoros, and finally back to Catholicism. His funeral took place at the Paris church of
2156:
2149:
1951:
1605:
1787:
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at the end of
October 2005, that his security chief, Captain Rubis, a French officer that the French authorities had recommended to him, "was aware of the coup".
281:
twice with him first serving from 13 May 1978 to 15 December 1989 and again briefly from the 28 September to 5 October in 1995. Sometimes known under the aliases
2527:
2380:
706:. Denard accumulated considerable holdings in the Comoros, composed of hotels, lands, and the presidential guard. According to Xavier Renou, author of a book on
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1819:
1050:
789:
2054:
910:
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from 1952 to 1957. He worked as a demonstrator for washing machines in Paris. In 1954, he was convicted of an assassination plot against Prime
Minister
1766:
1675:
1780:
1088:
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1147:
1801:
852:
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2114:
2029:
556:. In January 1968 he invaded Katanga with a force of a hundred men on bicycles in an attempt to create a diversion for a breakout from Bukavu.
1412:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1573:
1263:
585:, in 1977. Although Jacques Foccart denied knowledge of the attempted coup after its failure, he did recognize that it had been backed-up by
2582:
679:
in 1977 and carried out some operations in
Rhodesia from 1977 to 1978 as part of the Rhodesian Army's short-lived French-speaking unit,
2597:
877:
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2572:
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863:
court that they had acted with implicit support of French authorities. Dominique
Malacrino talked about the "numerous phone calls of
828:
369:
married seven times, and fathered eight children. Denard had a swashbuckling, larger-than-life image as the South
African journalist
871:" to Denard. Emmanuel Pochet, another suspect, declared that Denard had "support from senior officers of the special forces of the
2592:
2468:
327:
2522:
453:, probably in December 1961 when he and other foreign mercenaries were brought in by the leader of the mercenaries in Katanga,
17:
2436:
2270:
1759:
1248:
2557:
246:
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533:). Denard helped to support an attempted secessionist revolt on behalf of Tshombe by Katangan separatists in July 1966.
365:
Born a Roman Catholic, Denard converted first to Judaism, then to Islam, and finally back to Catholicism again. He was
2547:
1566:
1480:
763:
351:
563:
during the Nigerian civil war during the late 1960s. From 1968 to 1978 he was employed supporting the government in
1997:
1853:
1846:
1295:
680:
609:
492:
203:
2552:
2542:
2142:
668:, who had just unilaterally proclaimed the Comoros' independence on 6 July 1975. Ahmed Abdallah was replaced by
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region, in France, for his trial for the murder of president Ahmed Abdallah in 1989. With his lieutenant
741:
507:. Denard served for two years in the Congo battling Simba rebels supporters of the late Congolese leader
350:. It is widely believed that his adventures had the implicit support of the French state, even after the
698:
and Angola. He was then supported by Paris, as the Comoros provided France for a base to get around the
2261:
1133:
895:
His death was announced by his sister on 14 October 2007. In 2011, his story was the basis of the film
851:, prosecuted Denard for having tried to recruit mercenaries in the far-right Italian movement (through
660:, making four separate attempts to overthrow the government of this small island group. On orders from
1041:
552:. Denard was wounded in the initial rising and flew out with a group of more seriously wounded men to
77:
2475:
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2075:
1409:
889:
415:
1345:
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1976:
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796:
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same time. A few days later, Denard agreed to leave the Comoros after meeting French businessman
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359:
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238:
192:
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government and royalist tribesmen. The royalists were supported by the Western European and
326:
secession effort in the 1960s and subsequently operated in many African countries including
2502:
2497:
1405:
1107:
831:
intelligence agency and spent ten months in a Paris jail. At his trial a number of former
636:
in the past decades. For most of his career Denard had the quiet backing of France and the
578:
8:
2325:
2300:
2277:
1240:
824:
529:). He became famous after rescuing civilians encircled by rebels in Stanleyville (modern
419:
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234:
222:
1626:
2202:
922:
778:
545:
250:
1490:
Katanga 1960–63; Mercenaries, Spies and the African Nation that Waged War on the World
1428:
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304:
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1990:
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1232:
1044:[Bob Denard's presidential guard: A French-style mercenarism (1961–1989)?]
1042:"La garde présidentielle de Bob Denard: Un mercenariat à la française (1961–1989)?"
815:
808:
590:
536:
A year later Denard sided with Katangan separatists and Belgian mercenaries led by
504:
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1529:
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and eventually becoming a citizen of the country. He adopted the Islamic name
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2015:
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1152:
943:
Contract Warriors: How Mercenaries Changed History and the War on Terrorism
820:
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315:
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515:
while the central government were tacitly backed by the United States and
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1983:
1734:
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512:
383:
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158:
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The Comoros also served as his logistic base for military operations in
1392:(originally published on 21 June 2006, actualized on 14 October 2007).
1346:"Putsch aux Comores : cinq ans de prison requis contre Bob Denard"
897:
748: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
695:
669:
594:
47:
346:. Between 1975 and 1995, he participated in four coup attempts in the
1505:
War Dog: Fighting Other People's Wars: The Modern Mercenary in Combat
1083:
703:
598:
530:
270:
859:, the current president, also opposed to his return to the Comoros.
723:
519:. Denard was in charge of his own unit of French mercenaries called
503:
from July 1964 till October 1965 when he was dismissed by President
1456:, The leave Parisian Bob Denard, in Century Italy, 19 October 2007.
1388:
1008:
832:
605:
553:
500:
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He began his mercenary career, which was to span three decades, in
366:
339:
335:
134:
785:
1682:
1148:"Bob Denard: French mercenary behind several post-colonial coups"
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657:
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516:
431:
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423:
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34:
813:
On the night of 27 September 1995 Denard launched a fourth coup
640:
which wished to maintain French influence over its ex-colonies.
632:, the last-named nation having been subject to more than twenty
1541:
Africa Comoros mercenary cleared of assassination (19 May 1999)
848:
819:, in the Comoros. Denard landed on the Comoros with 33 men in
621:
560:
549:
477:
331:
289:, he was known for having performed various jobs in support of
110:
702:
imposed on South Africa because of its government's policy of
1004:"Bob Denard a toujours agi pour le compte de l'Etat français"
684:
676:
625:
568:
564:
461:
collapsed in January 1963. Then, Denard and his men moved to
457:. Denard fought there until the secessionist movement led by
343:
781:, and was evacuated to South Africa by French paratroopers.
499:
who was now the prime minister of the central government in
872:
613:
980:
799:
declared that he refused Denard's return to the Comoros.
362:, despite moderate changes in France's policy in Africa.
1384:
Bob Denard est condamné à cinq ans de prison avec sursis
1283:
How to Stage a Military Coup: From Planning to Execution
540:
and Jerry Puren in a revolt in eastern Congo to restore
1023:
1021:
604:
Denard is known to have participated in conflicts in
269:; 7 April 1929 – 13 October 2007) was a French
2513:
French military personnel of the First Indochina War
884:
In June 2006 Denard, who by then was suffering from
2588:
Foreign volunteers in the Rhodesian Security Forces
1227:
1018:
491:After about eighteen months Denard returned to the
1296:"Comoros Islands : Said Hilali – Issue 570"
867:, then responsible for the African office at the
802:
713:
2489:
2528:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Sunni Islam
2518:French military personnel of the Algerian War
1567:
559:Denard was involved in mercenary activity in
434:, and served 14 months in prison. An adamant
1581:
1473:Last of the pirates; in search of Bob Denard
1087:(in French). 14 October 2007. Archived from
1081:[Former mercenary Bob Denard dies].
847:In 2001, Guido Papalia, Italian attorney of
572:
520:
1404:"Décès de l'ancien mercenaire Bob Denard",
1285:New York: Skyhorse Publishing Inc. p. 136.
1128:
1126:
1102:
1100:
1098:
402:, Denard served as a colonial policeman in
183:and Commander of the Presidential Guard of
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1560:
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970:
968:
966:
855:) in order to make a coup against Colonel
46:
1547:Condolence book of Bob Denard (Hungarian)
1145:
1139:
1079:"L'ancien mercenaire Bob Denard est mort"
842:
764:Learn how and when to remove this message
1742:Armée Populaire de Libération ("Simbas")
1379:
1377:
1123:
1106:François Dominguez and Barbara Vignaux,
1095:
647:
610:7 Independent Company, Rhodesia Regiment
1868:White Legion (Compagnie Internationale)
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
963:
823:in an attempted coup against president
14:
2490:
1502:
1195:
1193:
1170:"Congo Arrests European Mercenaries",
1146:Nicholson, Sophie (October 16, 2007).
1027:
2533:Converts to Judaism from Christianity
2437:Dissolution of the Lumumba Government
1760:United Nations Operation in the Congo
1555:
1374:
1237:The Rhodesian War: A Military History
1108:La nébuleuse des mercenaires français
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
940:
548:. The rebels were soon bottled up in
295:—France's sphere of influence in its
1257:
1120:(Arabic and Portuguese translations)
986:
904:
746:adding citations to reliable sources
717:
472:, which was then in the middle of a
2469:Belgian general strike of 1960–1961
1398:
1281:Hebditch, David & Connor, Ken
1190:
24:
1062:
957:"French mercenary Bob Denard dies"
25:
2609:
2598:Prisoners and detainees of France
1530:More on the 1995 Azalee Operation
1523:
1442:The World's Most Dangerous Places
1187:Helion and Company Limited. 2015
1136:The Independent, October 16, 2007
1006:, interview with Xavier Renou in
664:, he ousted the first president,
652:Denard's residence in the Comoros
601:(Morocco), all allies of France.
2578:People from the State of Katanga
2573:People of the Nigerian Civil War
2563:Political history of the Comoros
1861:6th Commando Battalion (Belgium)
1854:4th Commando Battalion (Belgium)
1847:2nd Commando Battalion (Belgium)
1710:Armée Nationale Congolaise (ANC)
1429:French mercenary Bob Denard dies
722:
577:, or Operation Shrimp), against
139:
127:
115:
103:
2583:People with Alzheimer's disease
1462:
1447:
1434:
1422:
1363:French 'dog of war' spared jail
1356:
1338:
1313:
1288:
1275:
1221:
1177:
1164:
1039:
733:needs additional citations for
377:
2593:Converts to Islam from Judaism
2444:Torture and killing of Lumumba
1033:
949:
934:
803:1995 coup and subsequent trial
714:1989 coup and subsequent trial
643:
13:
1:
2523:Converts to Roman Catholicism
928:
382:After having served with the
1431:, BBC News, 14 October 2007.
941:Rosen, Fred (5 April 2005).
708:private military contractors
675:He then failed at a coup in
410:, a left-wing member of the
303:, co-ordinator of President
27:French mercenary (1929–2007)
7:
2558:Comorian military personnel
1352:(in French). March 9, 2006.
1300:The Indian Ocean Newsletter
1200:Bob Denard, chien de guerre
1054:(in French). 2019/1 (141).
916:
488:, leader of the royalists.
10:
2614:
2568:People of the Congo Crisis
806:
784:Denard then waited in the
656:He was most active in the
583:People's Republic of Benin
2460:
2451:Death of Dag Hammarskjöld
2428:
2216:
2180:
2085:
2039:
2007:
1968:
1961:
1829:
1811:
1751:
1719:
1699:
1590:
1415:October 16, 2007, at the
1321:"Comoros country profile"
495:to take employment under
218:
210:
199:
172:
164:
152:
98:
84:
64:
54:
45:
32:
2548:Comorian Roman Catholics
2476:Decolonisation of Africa
2129:Hubert Fauntleroy Julian
1802:Ghana, Nigeria and Egypt
1205:October 1, 2009, at the
414:who was negotiating the
322:Denard took part in the
2227:Force Publique mutinies
2196:William "Rip" Robertson
1952:Cuban Exile Naval Force
1606:Egide Bocheley-Davidson
1183:p. 217 Ventner, Al. J.
839:, spoke on his behalf.
835:politicians, including
821:Zodiac inflatable boats
797:Mohamed Taki Abdulkarim
581:, the president of the
412:Radical-Socialist Party
310:Having served with the
277:military leader of the
179:military leader of the
2553:French anti-communists
2543:French Roman Catholics
2342:Port Francqui incident
1185:Biafra's War 1967–1970
843:Later trials and death
653:
573:
544:to power known as the
521:
468:In mid-1963 he was in
440:French secret services
356:French Socialist Party
18:Said Mustapha Mahdjoub
2419:Stanleyville mutinies
2048:Jean-Marie Crèvecoeur
1945:211th Makasi Squadron
1728:Katangese Gendarmerie
1535:More on the 1989 coup
1507:. New Delhi: Lancer.
1503:Venter, A.J. (2006).
1174:, July 28, 1966, p. 2
1113:Le Monde diplomatique
1091:on 11 September 2023.
945:. Alpha. p. 133.
911:Saint-François Xavier
795:Afterward, president
691:upon his conversion.
689:Said Mustapha Mhadjou
681:7 Independent Company
651:
638:French secret service
287:SaĂŻd Mustapha Mhadjou
239:North Yemen Civil War
204:7 Independent Company
193:Comorian Armed Forces
165:Years of service
60:SaĂŻd Mustapha Mhadjou
2400:Violettes Imperiales
2023:Joseph-Désiré Mobutu
1977:Conor Cruise O'Brien
1875:5 Mechanised Brigade
1662:Joseph-Désiré Mobutu
1406:Agence France-Presse
1160:on 26 November 2023.
977:Obituary: Bob Denard
742:improve this article
422:and withdrawal from
408:Pierre Mendès-France
2508:People from Gironde
2076:Frédéric Vandewalle
1440:Robert Young Pelton
1408:, October 14, 2007
1264:"A man and his dog"
1243:. pp. 120–21.
1241:Pen and Sword Books
825:Said Mohamed Djohar
790:Dominique Malacrino
396:First Indochina War
360:François Mitterrand
307:'s African policy.
273:. He served as the
235:Siege of Jadotville
223:First Indochina War
78:Grayan-et-l'HĂ´pital
2538:French mercenaries
2429:Other major events
2262:Congo-Stanleyville
1735:South Kasai forces
1272:. August 21, 1978.
1229:Moorcraft, Paul L.
1172:Milwaukee Sentinel
1040:Bat, Jean-Pierre.
1012:, 15 October 2007
959:. 14 October 2007.
923:History of Comoros
779:Jean-Yves Ollivier
654:
587:Gnassingbé Eyadéma
574:Opération Crevette
546:Mercenaries Revolt
251:Rhodesian Bush War
247:Operation Crevette
58:Gilbert Bourgeaud
2485:
2484:
2217:Main operations /
2212:
2211:
1840:White mercenaries
1702:government forces
1620:Christophe Gbenye
1591:Political leaders
1486:Christopher Othen
1469:Samantha Weinberg
1454:Gabriele Adinolfi
1250:978-1-84415-694-8
1233:McLaughlin, Peter
983:, 14 October 2007
905:Religious beliefs
816:Operation Kaskari
774:
773:
766:
463:Portuguese Angola
305:Charles de Gaulle
283:Gilbert Bourgeaud
267:Gilbert Bourgeaud
260:
259:
231:Katanga secession
80:, Gironde, France
16:(Redirected from
2605:
2478:
2471:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2421:
2412:
2403:
2394:
2385:
2376:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2319:
2312:
2303:
2296:
2294:Battle of Kabalo
2289:
2282:
2273:
2264:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2233:Secession crisis
2229:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2143:Siegfried MĂĽller
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2055:Jules Crèvecoeur
2050:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2000:
1993:
1991:Dewan Prem Chand
1986:
1979:
1966:
1965:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1822:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1712:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1676:Gaston Soumialot
1671:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1641:Joseph Kasa-Vubu
1636:
1629:
1627:Dag Hammarskjöld
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1553:
1552:
1518:
1475:. London, 1994.
1457:
1451:
1445:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1381:
1372:
1371:, June 20, 2006.
1360:
1354:
1353:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1317:
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1310:
1308:
1307:
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1255:
1254:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1197:
1188:
1181:
1175:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1156:. Archived from
1143:
1137:
1130:
1121:
1119:
1104:
1093:
1092:
1075:
1060:
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857:Azali Assoumani
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662:Jacques Foccart
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593:(Ivory Coast),
579:Mathieu Kérékou
509:Patrice Lumumba
380:
318:, the ardently
301:Jacques Foccart
297:former colonies
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243:Simba Rebellion
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1969:United Nations
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1524:External links
1522:
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1492:. London 2015
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844:
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837:Charles Pasqua
807:Main article:
804:
801:
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754:September 2016
730:
728:
721:
715:
712:
666:Ahmed Abdallah
645:
642:
527:the awful ones
455:Roger Faulques
444:war in Algeria
436:anti-communist
400:French Algeria
379:
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348:Comoro Islands
320:anti-communist
299:in Africa—for
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185:Ahmed Abdallah
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1752:UN contingent
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1687:
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1669:Pierre Mulele
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1481:0-224-03307-7
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1215:, 4 May 1999
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1030:, p. 15.
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869:Elysée palace
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747:
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736:
731:This section
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584:
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547:
543:
542:Moise Tshombe
539:
538:Jean Schramme
534:
532:
528:
523:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
497:Moise Tshombe
494:
489:
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466:
464:
460:
459:Moise Tshombe
456:
452:
447:
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441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
420:Indochina War
417:
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405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
388:Quartermaster
385:
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368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
352:1981 election
349:
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294:
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272:
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264:
263:Robert Denard
256:
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124:
112:
101:
97:
94:Paris, France
87:
83:
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67:
63:
57:
55:Other name(s)
53:
49:
44:
36:
31:
19:
2408:
2399:
2390:
2381:
2373:Dragon Rouge
2372:
2326:
2317:Camp Massart
2308:
2278:
2189:Larry Devlin
2136:Jack Malloch
2115:Hans Germani
2093:
2062:Marc Goosens
2030:Norbert Moke
2016:Louis Bobozo
1720:Rebel forces
1648:Théo Lefèvre
1583:Congo Crisis
1504:
1489:
1472:
1463:Bibliography
1449:
1441:
1436:
1424:
1400:
1387:
1366:
1358:
1349:
1340:
1329:. Retrieved
1327:. 2018-07-20
1324:
1315:
1304:. Retrieved
1302:. 1993-04-10
1299:
1290:
1282:
1277:
1267:
1259:
1239:. Barnsley:
1236:
1223:
1210:
1184:
1179:
1171:
1166:
1158:the original
1153:The Guardian
1151:
1141:
1111:
1089:the original
1082:
1049:
1035:
1007:
951:
942:
936:
908:
896:
894:
883:
876:
861:
846:
814:
812:
794:
783:
775:
760:
751:
740:Please help
735:verification
732:
693:
688:
674:
655:
634:coups d'Ă©tat
633:
603:
597:(Gabon) and
558:
535:
526:
501:Leopoldville
490:
486:Imam al-Badr
482:Saudi Arabia
467:
448:
381:
378:Early career
367:polygamously
364:
316:Algerian War
309:
292:Françafrique
290:
286:
282:
274:
266:
262:
261:
227:Algerian War
219:Battles/wars
176:
90:(2007-10-13)
75:7 April 1929
2503:2007 deaths
2498:1929 births
2391:White Giant
2382:Dragon Noir
2246:South Kasai
2203:Che Guevara
2157:Jerry Puren
2150:John Peters
1998:Pat Quinlan
1984:K.A.S. Raja
1938:15 Commando
1931:14 Commando
1924:13 Commando
1917:12 Commando
1910:11 Commando
1585:(1960–1965)
1394:(in French)
1217:(in French)
1118:(in French)
1056:Sciences Po
1028:Venter 2006
1014:(in French)
886:Alzheimer's
644:The Comoros
522:les affreux
513:Che Guevara
470:North Yemen
442:during the
394:during the
384:French Navy
371:Al J Venter
358:candidate,
312:French Navy
206:(1977–1978)
159:French Navy
2492:Categories
2301:Jadotville
2122:Mike Hoare
2094:Bob Denard
1962:Commanders
1903:9 Commando
1896:6 Commando
1889:5 Commando
1882:4 Commando
1514:8170621747
1498:0750962887
1331:2020-05-30
1306:2017-09-17
1212:L'Humanité
1134:Bob Denard
929:References
898:Mister Bob
696:Mozambique
670:Ali Soilih
595:Omar Bongo
476:between a
168:Indefinite
99:Allegiance
71:1929-04-07
40:Bob Denard
2327:Grandslam
2279:Rum Punch
2086:Mercenary
2008:Congolese
1830:Belgian /
1700:Congolese
1235:(2008) .
1084:Le Figaro
1058:: 143–57.
704:apartheid
612:in 1977,
599:Hassan II
531:Kisangani
478:Nasserist
474:civil war
271:mercenary
2253:Invasion
1795:Ethiopia
1413:Archived
1389:Le Monde
1350:Le Monde
1325:BBC News
1203:Archived
1009:Le Monde
917:See also
878:Kashkazi
833:Gaullist
628:and the
606:Rhodesia
589:(Togo),
554:Rhodesia
340:Zimbabwe
336:Rhodesia
275:de facto
211:Commands
191:(in the
177:De facto
153:Service/
135:Rhodesia
2461:Related
2239:Katanga
2219:battles
2040:Belgian
1774:Ireland
1683:U Thant
1410:on-line
700:embargo
658:Comoros
630:Comoros
618:Nigeria
517:Belgium
451:Katanga
432:Algeria
428:Tunisia
424:Morocco
418:of the
404:Morocco
398:and in
390:in the
354:of the
342:), and
338:(today
324:Katanga
314:in the
279:Comoros
189:Colonel
181:Comoros
147:Comoros
123:Katanga
35:Colonel
2309:UNOKAT
1781:Sweden
1767:Canada
1511:
1496:
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849:Verona
622:Angola
561:Biafra
550:Bukavu
332:Angola
265:(born
155:branch
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111:France
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2409:South
2181:Other
1788:India
1543:(BBC)
1537:(BBC)
1046:(PDF)
786:MĂ©doc
685:Islam
677:Benin
626:Zaire
608:with
569:Benin
565:Gabon
493:Congo
386:as a
344:Gabon
328:Congo
1509:ISBN
1494:ISBN
1477:ISBN
1269:Time
1245:ISBN
873:DGSE
829:DGSE
614:Iran
430:and
285:and
200:Unit
173:Rank
85:Died
65:Born
1820:CIA
981:BBC
744:by
416:end
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