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802:, the garrison was unable to prevent the advance of the Franco-Italian siege lines tightening its grip around the citadel. The defenders eventually capitulated, the soldiers and civilians inside the citadel being taken into captivity in Figueres and the local defenders of the castle being taken by the British to join Vives' Spanish forces in the marshes to the south. Gouvion Saint-Cyr still faced the problem of getting past Girona in order to succor Duhesme's soldiers. The French general made a bold but risky maneuver and the result was the
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were 200 yards (183 m) from the walls and his troops began making preparations to mount a full-dress assault. O'Daly thereupon surrendered unconditionally and on 5 December, 2,366 Spanish soldiers laid down their arms. During the siege, the
Spanish suffered about 700 additional casualties. At noon on the day of the capitulation, after the Catalan and Spanish colours were lowered, Cochrane abandoned the castle, destroying its landward bastion and tower with gunpowder from the
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847:'s Imperial French troops were marching through Barcelona, ostensibly to help fight Portugal. Lechi staged a military review, but it was a cover for gaining control of the citadel. As the soldiers marched past the main gate of the fortress, they suddenly turned left and rushed inside. Without spilling a drop of blood, the Imperial troops herded the baffled Spanish garrison out of the fortifications and occupied the place. Among other key points, the French also grabbed
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squadron. The defiant defenders of Girona stood in the path of the inland road. Hoping to convince de Vives that he wanted to besiege Girona, the French general arrived in front of that city with 15,000 infantry and 1,500 cavalry. Sending back his artillery and baggage train, Gouvion Saint-Cyr led his troops into the mountains the next day. Cutting his way through a force of miquelets on the 12th, his column bypassed Girona and reached the inland highway at
997:. Faced with this threat and the miquelets' road demolitions, the French veered away from the vulnerable coast highway. After throwing eight field guns into the sea and leaving behind their baggage train, Duhesme's men struck out into the mountains and finally reached Barcelona on 20 August. One source described the Imperial column as "a starving, demoralized mob" by the time it arrived. In October, Napoleon appointed General of Division
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1040:'s 6th Division of three battalions, and General of Brigade Jacques Fontane's cavalry brigade of one dragoon and one light cavalry regiment. There was also one unattached dragoon regiment. Including Duhesme's stranded troops, the VII Corps counted 42,380 soldiers. To build up this force, Napoleon had to shift troops from Italy to Spain. On 28 October the siege artillery finally arrived at the frontier.
787:. With 23,000 men, Gouvion Saint-Cyr moved from the French border to relieve Duhesme's troops. The first obstacle to Gouvion Saint-Cyr's mission was the haven of Roses defended by a large citadel with sea approaches defended by a headland castle. The 3,500 Catalan and Spanish defenders of Roses were mostly local miquelets (
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but was repulsed. The heavy guns reached Roses on 16 November and Reille's men soon dug emplacements for them, the rain having stopped. Though he had plenty of soldiers available, de Vives declined to mount a relief expedition. Álvarez tried to march to the assistance of Roses from Girona, but he was
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and a division of reinforcements to
Duhesme's assistance. The troops were of low quality and scattered throughout southern France, but Reille quickly cobbled together a fraction of this force and successfully relieved the French garrison of Figueres. Joined by more of his division, he next marched on
1234:
On 8 November a thick fog settled on the land and a force of miquelets took the opportunity to attack
Gouvion Saint-Cyr's corps while O'Daly's garrison moved against Reille's encampment. Neither action stopped the siege operation. That day, all civilians were evacuated from the town by sea. After a
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Gouvion Saint-Cyr's field force numbered 23,000 men. He appointed Reille to manage the siege while he and the rest of the corps stood by to fend off any relief attempts. Reille had 12,000 Imperial troops in 24 battalions supported by four foot artillery batteries. For the siege, the French general
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Bottled up in
Barcelona, Duhesme's 10,000 remaining troops were in a vulnerable situation, but Del Palacio did not press operations with vigor. Instead, he ordered Caldagues to hold a line 15 miles (24 km) long with 2,000 regulars and 4,000 to 5,000 miquelets while remaining at Tarragona, far
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The French bombardment soon smashed a breach in the fortress walls. On 3 December, the
Spanish commander sent 500 men to seize the most deadly of the breaching batteries. This assault failed with heavy losses and the attackers returned to their positions in disarray. On the 4th, Reille's trenches
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Having lost an entire month in reducing Roses, it was imperative that the
Imperial corps get through to Duhesme, whose supply situation was becoming critical. There were two roads that Gouvion Saint-Cyr might use to reach Barcelona. The coastal road was blocked and was within range of Cochrane's
1098:, and 5th Reserve Legion Battalions. Pino's 5th Division was made up of three battalions each of the Italian 1st Light, 2nd Light, and 6th Line Infantry Regiments, two battalions of the Italian 4th Line Infantry Regiment, and one battalion each of the Italian 5th and 7th Line Infantry Regiments.
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was made up of six infantry divisions and three cavalry brigades. Chabran's 1st
Division, Lechi's 2nd Division, and the mounted brigades of Bessières and Schwarz were cooped up inside Barcelona with Duhesme. With Gouvion Saint-Cyr were Reille's 3rd Division of 12 battalions, General of Division
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The
Italians successfully stormed into the town on 26 November. This allowed Reille to construct a water-front battery which threatened the British warships. Around this time, O'Daly was reinforced by one battalion of regulars. On the 28th, Reille summoned the fortress to surrender, but O'Daly
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led the
Vanguard with 5,500 infantry in 10 battalions and 100 cavalry in one squadron. Mariscal de Campo Caldagues commanded the 1st Division with 4,528 foot soldiers in seven battalions, 400 horsemen in four squadrons, and six guns served by 70 artillerists. Mariscal de Campo Gregorio Laguna
791:) stiffened by a small unit of regulars from the Fija de Roses garrison. Although assisted by a bombardment of the French lines by several British warships commanded by Captain Robert Hallowell, and a strong defence of the castle by Catalan regulars and militia with men of the 38-gun frigate
1044:
from the action. Duhesme periodically sent out strong columns to strip the countryside of food and supplies for his soldiers. On 12 October, a column was roughly handled and the excursions finally stopped. Finally, on 28 October, the
Catalan Junta replaced Del Palacio with Captain General
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of Barcelona on 1 August 1808. Lechi's 3,500-man Italo-Swiss garrison defended the city. Among a large population that threatened to revolt at any moment, Lechi began sending alarming reports to Duhesme after being compelled to abandon his outposts, such as the castle of Mongat.
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garrison commanded by Peter O'Daly. After a siege lasting a month in which the haven and town of Roses was captured and the nearby Trinity Castle invested by over 13,000 French and Italian infantry, artillery and cavalry with heavy siege trains on the hills above, the
983:, Duhesme gave up and ordered a withdrawal. He buried his heavy siege cannons, burned his supplies, and headed back to Barcelona while Reille fell back to Figueres. While marching along the coast road Duhesme's marching columns were bombarded by the British
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directed the 2nd Division with 2,076 soldiers in five battalions, 200 cavalry in two squadrons, and seven artillery pieces served by 84 gunners. Colonel Gaspar Gomez de la Serna led the 3rd Division with 2,458 men in five battalions and Colonel
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Even though Duhesme mustered 13,000 soldiers for the siege operation, it ended in failure after starting on 24 July and dragging on until 16 August. When his siege lines were attacked from the rear by a force under the
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in 1794. De Vives attacked the French outpost line on 6 November. After this, the Spanish remained quiescent until 26 November when de Vives' offensive forced the French to take refuge behind the walls of Barcelona.
936:, two companies of the 2nd Swiss Infantry Regiment, 700 gendarmes and department reserves, and various march battalions and conscript drafts. Roses was held by about 800 men of the Fija de Roses regiment and 400
951:(74), under Captain Robert Otway, appeared off the port and landed her marines to help. Reille launched an attack on 11 July 1808, but his troops were driven off with 200 casualties. Spanish losses were light.
1264:, and embarked its 180 defenders. Heavy artillery fire prevented the British squadron from rescuing the rest of the garrison. The Franco-Italians lost about 1,000 killed, wounded, and died of disease.
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employed his own and Pino's divisions. Reille's 3rd Division included one battalion each of the 16th Line, 32nd Light, 56th Line, and 113th Line Infantry Regiments, four battalions of the Regiment of
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The garrison of Roses consisted of 3,500 soldiers and 58 cannons commanded by Colonel Peter O'Daly. The small core of regulars was represented by 150 men of the
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commanded the 4th Division with 3,710 troops in four battalions. There was also a reserve of 777 infantry, 80 cavalry, and 48 artillerists serving four guns.
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tops a headland about two kilometers south-southeast of the citadel along a tightly curved promontory. A 300 metres (984 ft) high height overlooks the
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In the fall of 1808, the 20,031 men of the Army of Catalonia were organized into a vanguard, four divisions, and a reserve. Brigadier General
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Swiss Regiment, a half-battalion of the 2nd Light Infantry of Barcelona, and 120 artillerists. Later in the siege, one weak battalion of the
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was an outlying 4-pointed star fort on a 60 metres (197 ft) high elevation. The citadel is located just west of Roses while the
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Reille commanded 4,000 men and two cannons. These troops included two battalions of the 113th Line Infantry Regiment, 560 men of the
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870:'s 1st Division consisted of 6,050 soldiers in eight battalions, while Lechi's 2nd Division had 4,600 men in six battalions.
893:, the Catalan militia, turned out in large numbers to harass their enemies. In June, Schwarz and Chabran were beaten at the
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Thwarted at Roses, Reille moved in the direction of Girona. When he reached there, he joined with Duhesme to initiate the
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which was held by Spaniards and sailors from the British squadron. On 30 November, Pino's men tried to storm the
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ordered these fortifications to be built. The works were completed by 1570 and were besieged in 1645, 1693, and
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without success. After this repulse, Reille ignored the position and concentrated on reducing the citadel.
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led 1,700 cavalrymen in nine squadrons, and there were 360 artillerists. The French authorities in
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of Catalonia, Del Palacio joined his regulars with a large mass of Catalan irregulars to start a
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859:. On 2 May 1808, the infuriated Spanish people rose in rebellion against their French occupiers.
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Ostermann, Georges (1987). "Pérignon: The Unknown Marshal". In Chandler, David G. (ed.).
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confidently expected that Duhesme's corps would quickly stamp out the rebellion in
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Infantry Regiment was landed. The remainder of the garrison was made up of the
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in the nearby hills. The defenders were given a boost when the British warship
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This article is about the siege in 1808. For the siege in 1794-1795, see
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Finally awakening to reality, Napoleon ordered General of Division
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A 12,710-man Franco-Italian corps commanded by General of Division
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In the summer and fall of 1808, an Imperial French corps under
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889:, but they grossly underestimated its seriousness. The
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1032:'s 4th Division of 10 battalions, General of Division
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The Royal Navy in the Bay of Rosas 1808-09, essay in
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refused. Cochrane arrived and assumed command of the
1154:(74), Captain Richard Bennett. Also present were two
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guarded Barcelona in June 1808. General of Division
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958:. Meanwhile, 5,000 Spanish regular troops from the
756:is located 43 kilometres (27 mi) northeast of
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1598:The Spanish Ulcer: A History of the Peninsular War
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1277:on the 15th. This set the stage for the showdown
840:, to be seized in February 1808. On 29 February,
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1052:, having commanded the Spanish left wing at the
1778:"Siege of Barcelona, 1 August-17 December 1808"
962:commanded by the Marquis Del Palacio landed at
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1183:Portal del Mar (Sea Gate), Fortress of Roses
832:plotted to replace the royal family of the
752:was surrendered to the Napoleonic forces.
735:from 7 November to 5 December 1808 saw an
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1048:. The new commander was a veteran of the
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
1917:Battles inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe
1775:
1757:"Capture of Barcelona, 29 February 1808"
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1235:week of heavy rain, Reille attacked the
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764:, Spain. The action occurred during the
112:Contemporary print of the Siege of Roses
39:This article includes a list of general
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1736:"Battle of Cardadeu, 16 December 1808"
1187:The port of Roses was provided with a
1105:Infantry Regiment, one company of the
1001:and a new corps to relieve Barcelona.
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783:by a 24,000-man Spanish army led by
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16:1808 siege during the Peninsular War
1882:Sieges involving the United Kingdom
897:and Duhesme was turned back at the
13:
1819:
1780:. historyofwar.com. Archived from
1759:. historyofwar.com. Archived from
1738:. historyofwar.com. Archived from
1717:. historyofwar.com. Archived from
1036:'s 5th Division of 13 battalions,
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45:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1715:"Siege of Rosas, 6 November 1808"
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1306:Timeline of the Peninsular War
379:Napoleon's campaign, 1808–1809
1:
1892:Military history of Catalonia
1833:. Roses: Ajuntament de Roses.
1802:The Napoleonic Wars Data Book
1311:
1205:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
809:
124:7 November to 5 December 1808
1867:Sieges of the Peninsular War
1290:Napoleon's invasion of Spain
1284:
1176:arrived later in the siege.
1046:Juan Miguel de Vives y Feliu
815:Napoleon's invasion of Spain
785:Juan Miguel de Vives y Feliu
7:
1696:(in French). Archived from
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864:Guillaume Philibert Duhesme
777:Guillaume Philibert Duhesme
10:
1933:
1694:"Bataille du Boulou (Fin)"
1637:"Spanish Army of Cataluna"
1267:
1143:. As the siege progressed
1067:Francisco Milans del Bosch
1038:Louis François Jean Chabot
1008:
993:(38) commanded by Captain
879:François Xavier de Schwarz
21:Siege of Roses (1794-1795)
18:
1830:El Setge de Roses de 1808
1062:Mariano Álvarez de Castro
1019:Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr
999:Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr
741:Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr
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1072:
1011:Cardedeu order of battle
411:Battle of Burgos/Gamonal
1877:Sieges involving France
1692:Prats, Bernard (2007).
1670:. New York: Macmillan.
1615:Goode, Dominic (2010).
1237:Castillo de la Trinidad
1213:Castillo de la Trinidad
1096:Chasseurs des Montagnes
60:more precise citations.
1887:Sieges involving Italy
1872:Sieges involving Spain
1619:. fortified-places.com
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1201:Castell de la Trinitat
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244:Commanders and leaders
1851:Siege of Roses (1808)
1826:Reay, Justin (2008).
1804:. London: Greenhill.
1776:Rickard, J. (2008s).
1755:Rickard, J. (2008b).
1734:Rickard, J. (2008c).
1713:Rickard, J. (2008r).
1596:Gates, David (2002).
1281:on 16 December 1808.
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925:Honoré Charles Reille
924:
917:First attack on Roses
906:Honoré Charles Reille
743:invest a Catalan and
487:: Napoleon's invasion
327:Casualties and losses
93:Siege of Roses (1808)
1912:December 1808 events
1907:November 1808 events
1853:at Wikimedia Commons
1742:on 29 September 2020
1721:on 29 September 2020
1199:) and the satellite
1023:The newly activated
895:Battles of the Bruch
721: current battle
257:L. Gouvion Saint-Cyr
1784:on 30 December 2019
1763:on 21 February 2020
1666:Napoleon's Marshals
1600:. London: Pimlico.
1532:, pp. 271–272.
1428:, pp. 265–266.
1292:proceeded with the
1197:Ciutadella de Roses
1050:War of the Pyrenees
931:Pyrenées Orientales
872:Generals of Brigade
842:General of Division
159: /
1700:on 12 October 2007
1649:on 21 January 2019
1279:Battle of Cardadeu
1232:
1223:on the northeast.
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981:Conde de Caldagues
927:
875:Bertrand Bessières
830:Emperor Napoleon I
825:Initial operations
804:Battle of Cardadeu
1849:Media related to
1374:, pp. 59–61.
1326:, pp. 10–11.
819:Battle of Zornoza
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995:Thomas Cochrane
968:Captain General
956:Siege of Girona
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1786:. Retrieved
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1719:the original
1702:. Retrieved
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1644:the original
1621:. Retrieved
1617:"Fortresses"
1597:
1590:Bibliography
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966:. Appointed
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903:
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451:2nd Zaragoza
405:
318:1 third-rate
290:Peter O'Daly
191:Belligerents
87:
72:
63:
44:
1275:Sant Celoni
942:Juan Clarós
166: /
58:introducing
1861:Categories
1569:Gates 2002
1542:Goode 2010
1530:Smith 1998
1501:Gates 2002
1489:Prats 2007
1450:Gates 2002
1438:Gates 2002
1426:Smith 1998
1399:Smith 1998
1387:Gates 2002
1372:Gates 2002
1360:Gates 2002
1348:Gates 2002
1324:Gates 2002
1312:References
1262:Imperieuse
1203:. In 1543
1174:Imperieuse
1131:third-rate
1090:, and the
810:Background
795:Imperieuse
626:Somosierra
426:Somosierra
66:March 2023
41:references
1285:Aftermath
1209:1794–1795
1167:HMS
1160:HMS
1149:HMS
1145:Excellent
1141:John West
1136:Excellent
1134:HMS
1088:Perpignan
1025:VII Corps
990:Iphigenia
988:HMS
964:Tarragona
946:HMS
938:miquelets
891:miquelets
887:Catalonia
838:Barcelona
793:HMS
781:Barcelona
762:Catalonia
466:Cacabelos
456:Castellón
446:Benavente
401:Valmaseda
391:Barcelona
320:1 frigate
138:Catalonia
1800:(1998).
1635:(1808).
1300:See also
1254:Castillo
1250:Castillo
1221:Castillo
1217:castillo
1123:Igualada
1119:Figueras
1107:Wimpffen
972:blockade
857:Figueres
853:Pamplona
597:Zaragoza
515:125miles
461:Mansilla
431:Cardedeu
416:Espinosa
306:Strength
129:Location
98:Part of
1268:Results
1244:River.
1193:citadel
1169:Lucifer
1103:Ultonia
985:frigate
948:Montagu
789:militia
750:citadel
745:Spanish
694:Zornoza
520:Corunna
471:Corunna
441:Sahagún
396:Zornoza
316:58 guns
151:42°16′N
54:improve
1808:
1788:17 May
1767:17 May
1746:17 May
1725:17 May
1704:17 May
1683:17 May
1674:
1653:15 May
1623:1 June
1604:
1242:Fluvià
1191:-type
1189:Vauban
1162:Meteor
1127:Lérida
1125:, and
1111:Borbon
1092:Valais
883:Madrid
758:Girona
719:
643:Tudela
421:Tudela
311:23,000
179:Result
154:3°11′E
43:, but
1647:(PDF)
1640:(PDF)
1115:Berga
1073:Siege
911:Roses
684:Roses
513:200km
406:Roses
335:3,166
332:1,000
314:3,500
142:Spain
134:Roses
1806:ISBN
1790:2021
1769:2021
1748:2021
1727:2021
1706:2021
1685:2021
1672:ISBN
1655:2021
1625:2012
1602:ISBN
1165:and
1151:Fame
877:and
855:and
727:The
121:Date
731:or
1863::
1561:^
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23:.
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