36:
516:
2894:
2006:
4872:
methods of allocating resources start to be introduced. For example, most funds within the 2004–06 Integrated
Regional Operational Programme (IROP), and its 2007–13 successor (ROP), are allocated through largely need-based project-selection mechanisms. Regions with low GDP receive more funds. However, within these regions, more funds go to relatively rich local areas with the best institutions. It has been argued that part of this can be explained by the frequent need to co-fund projects, and the needed capacity to prepare applications.
2964:
5161:
4172:
3581:
3054:
2367:
4124:
3533:
3005:
2082:
2535:
1659:
155:
2574:
1711:
207:
564:
4340:
3749:
3222:
2250:
2019:
2743:
1893:
389:
3339:
2868:
552:
4316:
3725:
3198:
2226:
4304:
3713:
3186:
2214:
4268:
3677:
3150:
2328:
2178:
2717:
1867:
363:
528:
4400:
4136:
3809:
3545:
3282:
3017:
2355:
2286:
4388:
4364:
3797:
3773:
3270:
3246:
2274:
2262:
2704:
1854:
350:
4208:
3617:
3090:
2130:
4256:
4148:
3665:
3557:
3138:
3029:
2391:
2094:
1012:
588:
540:
4376:
4196:
4184:
4112:
3785:
3605:
3593:
3521:
3258:
3078:
3066:
2993:
2808:
2548:
2415:
2379:
2118:
2070:
1958:
1672:
504:
454:
168:
2795:
2769:
1945:
1919:
441:
415:
2613:
1750:
246:
4292:
4160:
3701:
3569:
3326:
3174:
3042:
2951:
2855:
2665:
2561:
2202:
2106:
1815:
1802:
1685:
610:
576:
311:
298:
181:
4244:
3653:
3126:
2782:
2600:
2587:
2522:
2166:
1932:
1737:
1724:
1646:
632:
428:
233:
220:
142:
4649:
2938:
2691:
1841:
1698:
337:
194:
3352:
2881:
2652:
1789:
285:
4328:
4232:
3737:
3641:
3210:
3114:
2238:
2154:
117:
2730:
1880:
376:
4424:
3833:
3306:
2427:
2039:
4352:
3761:
3234:
2639:
2403:
1776:
272:
4220:
3629:
3102:
2142:
2498:
2834:
1984:
480:
4280:
3689:
3162:
2756:
2190:
1906:
402:
2626:
1763:
259:
4412:
3821:
3294:
2298:
2678:
1828:
324:
2821:
1971:
467:
3387:
4715:. They aim to reduce regional disparities in income, wealth and opportunities. Europe's poorer regions receive most of the support, but all European regions are eligible for funding under the policy's various funds and programmes. The current framework is set for a period of seven years, from 2021 to 2027.
5102:
At the EU level the overarching priorities are established in the
Community Strategic Guidelines (CSG). These set the framework for all actions that can be taken using the funds. Within this framework, each member state develops its own National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF). The NSRF sets out
5080:
Transnational
Cooperation (13 programmes): The transnational programmes promote cooperation among greater European regions, including the ones surrounding sea basins (e.g. Baltic Sea Region, North Sea, Mediterranean and Atlantic Area) or mountain ranges (e.g. Alpine Space), and facilitate coordinated
5054:
The
European Territorial Cooperation Objective is financed by the European Regional Development Fund, whereas the remaining two objectives of the Cohesion Policy set for the 2007–2013 period are also financed by the European Social Fund (Regional Competitiveness and Employment Objective), and, in the
5049:
Commission
Regulation (EC) No 1828/2006 of 8 December 2006, setting out rules for the implementation of Council Regulation (EC) No 1083/2006, laying down general provisions on the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund and the Cohesion Fund and of Regulation (EC) No 1080/2006 of
5012:
The "objectives" were introduced with the Single
European Act as a criterion to make the Structural Funds spending more effective as Regional Policy started to be rationalised in a perspective of economic and social cohesion. The Single European Act, that entered into force in 1987, institutionalised
4990:
for the period 2007–2013, serving its ultimate goal to strengthen the economic and social cohesion of the Union. Regions and cities from different Member States are encouraged to work together, learning from each other and developing joint projects and networks. With the
Convergence Objective and the
4933:
Sections below present information about objectives that have been defined for the programming period, which runs from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2013. The overall budget for this period is €347bn: €201bn for the
European Regional Development Fund, €76bn for the European Social Fund, and €70bn for
5037:
The current
Regional Policy framework, sustained by Structural Funds, is set for a period of seven years, from 2007 to 2013. For this period, the following regulations (and the changes in detail made to them by means of subsequent regulations) are especially important in defining the organisation of
5151:
An
Operational Programme (OP) sets out a region's priorities for delivering the funds. Although there is scope for regional flexibility, a region's priorities must be consistent with the member state's NSRF. There is an Operational Programme for each region in the EU. These OPs, just like the NSRF,
4889:
supports programmes addressing regional development, economic change, enhanced competitiveness and territorial co-operation throughout the EU. Funding priorities include modernising economic structures, creating sustainable jobs and economic growth, research and innovation, environmental protection
5142:
A National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) establishes the main priorities for spending the EU structural funding a member state receives between 2007 and 2013. Each member state has its own NSRF. Adopting an NSRF is a new requirement of the Structural Funds regulations for 2007 to 2013. Each
5098:
This section explains the interplay between different political levels – European, national and regional – in determining the priorities for the Structural Funds and the guidelines for implementing regional projects. In general, the overarching priorities for the Structural Funds are set at the EU
5084:
The interregional cooperation programme (INTERREG IVC) and three networking programmes (URBACT II, INTERACT II and ESPON) cover all 27 Member States of the Union (and, in some cases, also the cross-border cooperation programmes within the Instrument for Pre-Accession and the European Neighbourhood
5081:
strategic responses to joint challenges, such as flood management, transport and communication corridors, international business and research linkages, urban development and others. Special attention is given to outermost and island regions (e.g. Indian Ocean, Caribbean Area or Northern Periphery).
5089:
Together and in their specific fields, these programmes provide a framework for exchanging experience between regional and local bodies in different countries. The Instrument for Pre-Accession and the European Neighbourhood Policy Instrument are the two financial instruments dedicated to support
5070:
Cross-border cooperation (53 programmes): These programmes help transform regions located on either side of internal or external borders of the European Union into strong economic and social poles. The main goals of these programmes are to face common problems and mitigate the negative effects of
5063:
As with the remaining two objectives, the European Territorial Cooperation Objective is delivered by means of multi-annual programmes aligned on the Union's objectives and priorities, expressed on the multi-annual financial framework. Each programme has a managing authority and a Joint Technical
5031:
In its title on Economic, Social and Territorial Cohesion, the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union establishes that 'the Union shall develop and pursue its actions leading to the strengthening of its economic, social and territorial cohesion'. By introducing the concept of territorial
4959:
This objective covers all regions of the EU territory, except those already covered by the Convergence objective. It aims at reinforcing competitiveness, employment and attractiveness of these regions. Innovation, the promotion of entrepreneurship and environment protection are the main themes of
5190:
Through partnership contracts agreed with the commission, member states will commit to focussing on fewer investment priorities in line with these objectives. The package also harmonises the rules related to different funds, including rural development and maritime and fisheries, to increase the
4998:(ERDF). It supports cross-border, transnational and interregional cooperation programmes, helping Member States to participate in European Union (EU) external border cooperation programmes supported by other instruments (Instrument for Pre-Accession and European Neighbourhood Policy Instrument).
5186:
The European Commission has adopted a draft legislative package which will frame cohesion policy for 2014–2020. The new proposals are designed to reinforce the strategic dimension of the policy and to ensure that EU investment is targeted on Europe's long-term goals for growth and jobs ("Europe
5122:
The Community Strategic Guidelines (CSG) contain the principles and priorities of the EU's cohesion policy and suggest ways the European regions can take full advantage of the funding that has been made available for national and regional aid programmes for the period 2007–2013. There are three
5075:
In particular, cross-border actions are encouraged in the fields of entrepreneurship, improving joint management of natural resources, supporting links between urban and rural areas, improving access to transport and communication networks, developing joint use of infrastructure, administrative
4902:
focuses on four key areas: increasing the adaptability of workers and enterprises, enhancing access to employment and participation in the labour market, reinforcing social inclusion by combating discrimination and facilitating access to the labour market for disadvantaged people, and promoting
4871:
Prior to 1989, funding decisions were taken by the European Commission. This was followed by a period where EU member states tried to maximize control, with little systematic project appraisal and a focus on a small number of large projects. Since 1994 more systematic, co-ordinated and complex
5143:
NSRF functions as a high-level strategy for the Operational Programmes in the respective member state. The document provides an overview of the economic strengths and weaknesses of the member state's regions, and out the approach to future Structural Funds spending across the member state.
4848:
The key indicator for the division of regions under singular objectives is the Gross National Product per capita (GNP p.c.) level. This is subject to criticism based on the fact that GDP p.c. is unable to reflect the real socio-economic reality of regions. Some groups (e.g. Beyond GDP) and
5453:
With the Treaty of Lisbon, the Treaty Establishing the European Community was renamed to Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. This Treaty and the Treaty of European Union establish the legal foundations of the Union's institutions and their relations with the Member
5015:
The "objectives" were then created to discipline the capture of funds in terms of economic and social cohesion across the Union's territory. In the first multiannual financial framework, 1988–1999, there were seven objectives, which have been progressively reduced.
5103:
the priorities for the respective member state, taking specific national policies into account. Finally, Operational Programmes for each region within the member state are drawn up in accordance with the respective NSRF, reflecting the needs of individual regions.
5018:
Even though European Territorial Cooperation Objective is the smallest of the three Cohesion Policy objectives (in terms of budget), it gained a critical importance to address the key challenges of the European Union, particularly with some redefinitions of the
1459:
5032:
cohesion, the Treaty of Lisbon recognised a strong territorial dimension for the cohesion policy. This territorial approach requires a unique and modern governance system, combining different levels of government (European, national, regional and local).
5034:
Member States thus conduct their economic policies and coordinate them for the promotion of the 'economic, social and territorial cohesion'. European Territorial Cooperation is a component of the economic policy framework of the Union.
4950:
and the Cohesion Fund. The priorities under this objective are human and physical capital, innovation, knowledge society, environment and administrative efficiency. The budget allocated to this objective is €283.3bn in current prices.
7437:
5090:
territorial cooperation between European Member States border regions and their neighbours in accession countries and in other partner countries of the Union. The former currently finances 10 programmes and the latter 13 programmes.
5313:
Taylor, S., Bachtler, J. and Rooney, M. S. (2000), Implementing the New Generation of Programmes: Project Development, Appraisal and Selection. IQ Net Thematic Paper, European Policies Research Centre, Glasgow: University of
5013:
the goal of completing the internal market with a total borders opening, by 31 December 1992. Regional competition would be tighter and a Cohesion Policy was needed to mitigate the negative side effects of market unification.
5323:
Ferry, M., Gross, F., Bachtler, J. and McMaster, I. (2007), Turning Strategies into Projects: The Implementation of 2007–13 Structural Funds Programmes, IQ-Net Thematic Paper No. 20(2). Magdeburg: European Policy Research
5045:
Council Regulation (EC) No 1083/2006 of 11 July 2006 laying down general provisions on the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund and the Cohesion Fund and repealing Regulation (EC) No
5443:
Also called Regional Policy. After the European Single Act, with the strengthening of the cohesion feature, Regional Policy is also called Cohesion Policy. The different terminologies refer to the same
4071:
876:
644:
5133:
Creating more and better jobs by attracting more people into employment entrepreneurial activity, improving adaptability of workers and enterprises and increasing investment in human capital.
5071:
administrative, legal and physical barriers of borders. The cooperation process is stressed through joint management of programmes and projects that stimulate mutual trust and understanding.
7881:
5130:
Encouraging innovation, entrepreneurship and the growth of the knowledge economy by supporting research and innovation capacities, including new information and communication technologies;
5127:
Improving the attractiveness of member states, regions and cities by improving accessibility, ensuring adequate quality and level of services, and preserving their environmental potential;
7886:
6039:
5064:
Secretariat, headquartered within the area it serves. They are responsible for the correct implementation of the programme, both from a financial and from an operational perspective.
7596:
5660:
7301:
6055:
1121:
4915:. It applies to member states with a gross national income (GNI) of less than 90% of the EU average. As such, it covers the 13 new member states as well as Greece and Portugal.
5042:
Regulation (EC) No 1080/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 July 2006 on the European Regional Development Fund and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1783/1999.
1067:
1024:
1016:
4994:
The EUR 8.7 billion allocated to the European Territorial Cooperation objective represents 2.5% of the total budget for Cohesion Policy in 2007–2013 and is financed by the
7891:
6700:
6227:
4536:
4934:
the Cohesion Fund. The objectives setup shapes the main focus of interventions (eligible activities and costs) and the overall allocations of funds from the EU budget.
7569:
7296:
1152:
520:
7774:
6809:
6034:
4686:
1107:
5653:
4864:
The member states and their regions manage the programmes. This includes implementing the OPs by selecting individual projects, controlling and assessing them.
1112:
7608:
7456:
6606:
4942:
This objective covers regions whose GDP per capita is below 75% of the EU average and aims at accelerating their economic development. It is financed by the
3375:
834:
7286:
5900:
4790:
ESIFs constitute the great bulk of EU funding, the majority of total EU spending (nearly half of all ESIF allocations are realised as expenditure in the "
7137:
6961:
6672:
6365:
6360:
6355:
3899:
1223:
5495:
5709:
1321:
568:
17:
7508:
7467:
7421:
5895:
5840:
5646:
4781:
2053:
1369:
5816:
4765:
1261:
1183:
1077:
6804:
6310:
4530:
1498:
1003:
6866:
6370:
5250:
870:
556:
4857:
The way the ESIFs are spent is based on a system of shared responsibility between the European Commission and the member state authorities:
4833:
to define the tasks, priority objectives and the organisation of the Structural Funds (the Regional Policy framework), through the ordinary
7250:
6719:
6558:
6553:
6548:
5704:
4861:
The commission negotiates and approves the NSRFs and OPs proposed by the member states, and uses these as a basis for allocating resources.
4679:
1316:
964:
7769:
7385:
6782:
4526:
3423:
1168:
1102:
1092:
622:
600:
494:
5409:
Charron, Nicholas (2016). "Explaining the allocation of regional Structural Funds: The conditional effect of governance and self-rule".
7579:
7291:
7265:
7164:
6662:
6267:
4548:
1231:
592:
544:
508:
4802:. Apart from them, there are also other EU funds that have the potential to contribute to the regional development, in particular the
7901:
6861:
6755:
3443:
1597:
1271:
1211:
949:
774:
636:
614:
580:
7697:
7692:
4867:
The commission is involved in overall programme monitoring, pays out approved expenditure and verifies the national control systems.
1584:
7540:
6375:
6262:
4991:
Regional Competitiveness and Employment Objective it aims at contributing to reduce regional disparities across Union's territory.
4511:
4020:
3438:
5574:
7790:
7645:
7559:
5964:
4672:
4481:
4176:
4064:
98:
5010:
Community Initiative (in the period 2000–2006) and thus many European Territorial Cooperation programmes bear the name INTERREG.
7951:
7169:
7082:
6926:
6891:
6760:
6692:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6517:
6350:
6029:
5729:
5714:
4446:
4436:
1567:
1503:
1356:
1336:
1326:
1249:
1131:
1050:
5562:
5023:( entered into force on 1 December 2009), and for contributing to achieve the goals of Europe 2020, the EU's growth strategy.
4659:
7863:
7834:
7719:
7613:
7416:
6765:
6687:
6657:
6508:
6010:
5764:
5521:
EUR-Lex.eur.eu: Consolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
4987:
4890:
and risk prevention. Investment in infrastructure also retains an important role, especially in the least-developed regions.
4704:
4571:
3964:
3939:
1555:
7759:
7714:
7628:
7176:
6856:
6770:
6750:
6667:
6427:
6202:
4803:
4576:
4521:
4496:
4476:
4471:
4441:
4344:
3927:
3681:
3408:
3401:
1159:
988:
981:
939:
732:
532:
7871:
7829:
7574:
7274:
7147:
7043:
6345:
6303:
4516:
4506:
4501:
4491:
4456:
4451:
3954:
2032:
1607:
1542:
5532:
7739:
7479:
7474:
7211:
6728:
6682:
6652:
6593:
6485:
6392:
6337:
5936:
5923:
5868:
5773:
5240:
4995:
4961:
4943:
4886:
4849:
organisations propose the creation of a set of alternative indicators that could substitute the GDP and its derivates.
4735:
4635:
4566:
4486:
4461:
4096:
4091:
3380:
779:
669:
130:
7876:
7764:
7491:
7442:
7191:
7105:
7077:
6839:
6535:
6432:
5955:
5556:
5483:
5220:
4912:
4834:
4613:
4466:
3971:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
1577:
1562:
1266:
1206:
1193:
1062:
917:
902:
659:
79:
57:
50:
7484:
7240:
7181:
7100:
6987:
6931:
6775:
6463:
5550:
4086:
3433:
2963:
2922:
2439:
2345:
1630:
1602:
1572:
1479:
1364:
1173:
1087:
1072:
7824:
7729:
7709:
7447:
6647:
6635:
6543:
5844:
5820:
5796:
5781:
5669:
4320:
3976:
3894:
3585:
6611:
5613:
7839:
7754:
7687:
7633:
7623:
7601:
7501:
7315:
7206:
7201:
7142:
7059:
6901:
6296:
6232:
6222:
5978:
5568:
5235:
4308:
1617:
1513:
1278:
1216:
788:
683:
107:
7916:
7849:
7819:
7682:
7655:
7496:
7223:
7157:
7110:
7010:
6799:
6792:
6328:
5974:
5597:
5503:
5215:
5210:
5085:
Policy Instrument, as well as cross-border cooperation with third countries, such as Norway and Switzerland).
4838:
4830:
4404:
4392:
4368:
4140:
3872:
3862:
3418:
1438:
996:
649:
5620:
Searchable database of European Territorial Cooperation programmes, projects, partners and statistics (KEEP)
5291:
New guidelines for a better use of EU money: Commission helping Member States with public procurement issues
7677:
7564:
7523:
7235:
7015:
6500:
6151:
5200:
4799:
4380:
4272:
4260:
4236:
4212:
4200:
4188:
4152:
4128:
4116:
4003:
3922:
3917:
3753:
1425:
654:
7400:
7844:
7749:
7528:
7186:
6490:
6445:
6093:
4618:
4428:
4356:
4296:
4248:
4224:
4164:
4008:
3879:
2912:
2464:
2444:
838:
5526:
7554:
7390:
7152:
6956:
6207:
5807:
5724:
5719:
5544:
4807:
4758:
4708:
4416:
4332:
4284:
3949:
3884:
1612:
1331:
1303:
1296:
7809:
7431:
7245:
6948:
6896:
6705:
6616:
6127:
5792:
5563:
Directorate General for Regional Policy (European Commission), Structural Funds Regulations 2007–2013
4899:
4749:
3889:
1256:
1200:
912:
762:
5360:
7462:
7000:
6995:
6787:
6400:
6217:
5520:
5374:
Dubois, Hans F. W.; Fattore, Giovanni (2011). "Public Fund Assignment through Project Evaluation".
5290:
5225:
5205:
4842:
3413:
1409:
1404:
934:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
44:
5602:
5551:
Directorate General for Regional Policy (European Commission), Cross-border Cooperation Programmes
5076:
cooperation and capacity building, employment, community interaction, culture and social affairs.
7925:
7704:
7591:
6142:
5831:
4774:
4712:
3959:
3729:
2917:
1045:
1040:
7814:
7660:
7549:
7518:
7452:
7395:
6826:
6405:
6102:
6078:
5575:
http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/institutional_affairs/treaties/treaties_singleact_en.htm
5545:
Directorate General for Regional Policy (European Commission), European Territorial Cooperation
5463:
4630:
3998:
3934:
3717:
2978:
2038:
959:
856:
696:
515:
61:
5339:
7930:
7535:
7355:
6921:
6477:
5945:
5347:
4653:
4015:
3981:
3813:
3801:
3777:
3549:
2459:
1349:
1136:
1116:
954:
7734:
7340:
7330:
7196:
7132:
7020:
6563:
6415:
5890:
5638:
5245:
4965:
4954:
4947:
4607:
4047:
4027:
3857:
3789:
3669:
3645:
3621:
3609:
3597:
3561:
3537:
3525:
2489:
2474:
2469:
1451:
943:
8:
7896:
7724:
7665:
7584:
7375:
7360:
6871:
6851:
6745:
5881:
5538:
5270:
5255:
4826:
4560:
4267:
4037:
4032:
3837:
3765:
3705:
3676:
3657:
3633:
3573:
3370:
3154:
3149:
2956:
2484:
2479:
2327:
2182:
2177:
1820:
1146:
1082:
927:
750:
738:
690:
316:
6187:
5557:
Directorate General for Regional Policy (European Commission), Interregional Cooperation
7744:
7345:
7124:
7038:
6450:
6192:
6176:
5426:
5391:
4795:
4625:
4556:
4042:
3850:
3825:
3741:
3693:
2497:
1547:
850:
702:
5099:
level and then transformed into national priorities by the member states and regions.
2907:
6677:
5479:
5430:
5395:
5335:
5050:
the European Parliament and of the Council on the European Regional Development Fund.
3386:
1359:
744:
527:
6088:
4971:
7672:
7350:
6834:
5624:
5592:
5418:
5383:
5265:
5020:
4911:
The Cohesion Fund contributes to interventions in the field of the environment and
2395:
895:
768:
6601:
1187:
7380:
6212:
5387:
4728:
3986:
3428:
2332:
1163:
563:
6137:
5695:
5334:
Wostner, Peter (13 January 2008). "Micro-Efficiency of the EU Cohesion Policy".
5160:
4923:
2407:
7365:
6319:
6252:
6247:
5673:
5539:
Directorate General for Regional Policy (European Commission), Three Objectives
5496:"Future cohesion policy – EU Regional Policy – Legislative proposals 2014-2020"
5230:
4983:
4918:
4815:
4584:
4171:
3991:
3580:
3058:
3053:
2579:
2366:
2024:
1716:
1374:
968:
906:
756:
720:
714:
212:
5066:
Within European Territorial Cooperation, there are three types of programmes:
7945:
7426:
5987:
5787:
5422:
5110:
National Level: National Strategic Reference Framework for each member state,
4742:
4078:
3344:
2873:
2512:
2431:
2359:
1177:
726:
5607:
6913:
4791:
4703:
are financial tools governed by a common rulebook, set up to implement the
3866:
2419:
2383:
2371:
1518:
Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations
708:
6288:
5152:
have to be approved by the European Commission before any implementation.
6844:
6737:
4339:
3748:
3226:
3221:
2899:
2748:
2254:
2249:
2011:
1898:
394:
5685:
5619:
4955:
Regional Competitiveness and Employment objective (formerly Objective 2)
7335:
6936:
4960:
this objective. The funding – €55bn in current prices – comes from the
4315:
3724:
3202:
3197:
2722:
2230:
2225:
1872:
1379:
551:
368:
5634:
7803:
6883:
6814:
6257:
6242:
6175:
5616:(by the Directorate General for Regional Policy, European Commission)
5587:
5006:
The European Territorial Cooperation Objective replaced the previous
4819:
4303:
3712:
3190:
3185:
2709:
2313:
2218:
2213:
1859:
1055:
355:
6191:
7513:
7370:
7255:
6237:
5777:
5293:, IP/15/5913, published 29 October 2015, accessed 16 September 2023
5260:
5007:
4977:
4811:
4399:
4387:
4363:
4135:
3808:
3796:
3772:
3544:
3286:
3281:
3274:
3269:
3250:
3245:
3021:
3016:
2813:
2800:
2774:
2553:
2354:
2290:
2285:
2278:
2273:
2266:
2261:
2060:
1963:
1950:
1924:
1677:
664:
459:
446:
420:
173:
4903:
partnership for reform in the fields of employment and inclusion.
7279:
5614:
European Territorial Cooperation: building bridges between people
4972:
European Territorial Cooperation objective (formerly Objective 3)
4375:
4255:
4231:
4207:
4195:
4183:
4147:
4123:
4111:
3784:
3664:
3640:
3616:
3604:
3592:
3556:
3532:
3520:
3331:
3262:
3257:
3142:
3137:
3118:
3113:
3094:
3089:
3082:
3077:
3070:
3065:
3033:
3028:
3009:
3004:
2997:
2992:
2860:
2787:
2670:
2644:
2618:
2605:
2592:
2566:
2540:
2527:
2414:
2390:
2378:
2158:
2153:
2134:
2129:
2122:
2117:
2098:
2093:
2086:
2081:
2074:
2069:
1937:
1807:
1781:
1755:
1742:
1729:
1690:
1664:
1651:
1460:
Agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings
1011:
587:
539:
503:
433:
303:
277:
251:
238:
225:
186:
160:
147:
116:
6092:
5533:
interact-eu.net: Cohesion Policy: 2007–2013 regulatory framework
4880:
6621:
6009:
4937:
4541:
4423:
4351:
4291:
4243:
4219:
4159:
3832:
3760:
3700:
3652:
3628:
3568:
3357:
3310:
3305:
3238:
3233:
3178:
3173:
3130:
3125:
3106:
3101:
3046:
3041:
2943:
2886:
2839:
2761:
2696:
2657:
2631:
2426:
2402:
2206:
2201:
2170:
2165:
2146:
2141:
2110:
2105:
1989:
1911:
1846:
1794:
1768:
1703:
631:
609:
575:
485:
407:
342:
290:
264:
199:
5629:
5625:
Directorate General for Regional Policy (European Commission)
5588:
Open Data Portal for the European Structural Investment Funds
5055:
case with the Convergence Objective, also the Cohesion Fund.
4924:
The European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund (EMFAF)
4411:
4327:
4279:
3820:
3736:
3688:
3298:
3293:
3214:
3209:
3166:
3161:
2826:
2735:
2683:
2302:
2297:
2242:
2237:
2194:
2189:
1976:
1885:
1833:
472:
381:
329:
6228:
European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers
6141:
5922:
5867:
5751:
5668:
5302:
4919:
The European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD)
4537:
Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union
7260:
5715:
Economic and Financial Affairs configuration of the Council
4701:
European Structural and Investment Funds (ESI Funds, ESIFs)
1327:
Economic and Financial Affairs configuration of the Council
5569:
Single Market – Communication from the European Commission
7438:
European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters
5137:
4589:
5880:
4982:
European Territorial Cooperation is an objective of the
4893:
6428:
International Authority for the Ruhr (1949–1951)
5113:
Regional Level: Operational Programme for each region.
5527:
interact-eu.net: Cohesion: 2007–2013 Policy framework
6486:
European Monetary Cooperation Fund (1973–1994)
5686:
EU funding oversight and accountability institutions
5026:
6518:
European Financial Stability Mechanism (2010–
6433:
European Coal and Steel Community (1951–2002)
6126:
5093:
6509:European Financial Stability Facility (2010–
4707:, as well as the structural policy pillars of the
5841:European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund
5155:
5117:
4782:European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund
7943:
5817:European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development
5710:Committee on Budgetary Control of the Parliament
5464:National Strategic Reference Framework 2007–2013
4766:European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development
1322:Committee on Budgetary Control of the Parliament
7882:Largest cities by population within city limits
5603:Operational Programmes for all European regions
1499:European Institute of Innovation and Technology
601:Countries with suspended accession negotiations
6491:European Monetary Institute (1994–1998)
6446:European Economic Community (1958–1993)
6304:
5654:
5373:
5251:European Grouping for Territorial Cooperation
5164:Classification of regions from 2014 to 2020:
4881:The European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
4845:(leading to the publication of Regulations).
4680:
6464:European Atomic Energy Community (est. 1958)
5608:Outcomes of European Territorial Cooperation
4938:Convergence objective (formerly Objective 1)
6318:
4928:
3424:Political groups of the European Parliament
1495:Decentralised independent bodies of the EU
7165:Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification
6311:
6297:
5661:
5647:
4798:), and are among the largest items of the
4687:
4673:
5146:
5107:EU Level: Community Strategic Guidelines,
1598:Publications Office of the European Union
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
7619:European Structural and Investment Funds
7541:European System of Financial Supervision
6406:Western European Union (1954–2011)
5753:European Structural and Investment Funds
5705:Internal Audit Service of the Commission
5598:Community Strategic Guidelines 2007–2013
5478:, Oxford University Press, 2003, p.298 (
5159:
4021:European System of Financial Supervision
1317:Internal Audit Service of the Commission
43:This article includes a list of general
6077:
5965:Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance
5408:
5333:
4527:United Kingdom–European Union relations
2452:Non Euro countries relationship to Euro
14:
7944:
7083:European Economic and Social Committee
6892:Court of Justice of the European Union
6416:European Communities (1967–2009)
6049:Justice & fundamental rights funds
6030:Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund
5138:National Strategic Reference Framework
4723:Five ESIFs currently exist, they are:
4549:United States–European Union relations
1568:European Economic and Social Committee
7720:Stabilisation and Association Process
7417:Area of freedom, security and justice
6292:
6174:
6125:
6076:
6011:Area of freedom, security and justice
6008:
5921:
5866:
5750:
5684:
5642:
4705:regional policy of the European Union
4572:European Union and the United Nations
4104:Foreign relations of EU member states
7715:European Union Association Agreement
6451:European Community (1993–2009)
6203:European Agricultural Guarantee Fund
4906:
4894:The European Social Fund Plus (ESF+)
4804:European Agricultural Guarantee Fund
4577:European Union Association Agreement
4512:Switzerland–European Union relations
3409:Elections to the European Parliament
29:
7044:European Data Protection Supervisor
6346:Ideas of European unity before 1948
5730:European Public Prosecutor's Office
4852:
4482:Kazakhstan–European Union relations
2033:Nuclear power in the European Union
1608:European Personnel Selection Office
1543:European Data Protection Supervisor
1504:European Public Prosecutor's Office
24:
7740:EU Strategy for the South Caucasus
7480:Common Security and Defence Policy
7475:Common Foreign and Security Policy
6023:Migration & home affairs funds
5937:Common Security and Defence Policy
5924:Common Foreign and Security Policy
5869:Sustainable Europe Investment Plan
5774:European Regional Development Fund
5038:European Territorial Cooperation:
4996:European Regional Development Fund
4736:European Regional Development Fund
4636:Convention on the Future of Europe
4567:Microstates and the European Union
4447:Australia–European Union relations
4437:Argentina–European Union relations
3385:
3381:Microstates and the European Union
2962:
2930:Non-Schengen area EU member states
2496:
2037:
670:Withdrawal from the European Union
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
18:Structural Funds and Cohesion Fund
7963:
7509:Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
7106:European Union Military Committee
7078:European Committee of the Regions
6040:Integrated Border Management Fund
5581:
5027:Institutional and legal framework
4913:trans-European transport networks
4614:European Coal and Steel Community
1578:European Union Military Committee
1563:European Committee of the Regions
1466:Decentralised agencies of the EU
1194:Member of the European Parliament
865:Abandoned treaties and agreements
7485:Permanent Structured Cooperation
7101:Political and Security Committee
6988:European Atomic Energy Community
5094:Strategic approach for 2007-2013
4875:
4647:
4522:Ukraine–European Union relations
4497:Moldova–European Union relations
4477:Iceland–European Union relations
4472:Georgia–European Union relations
4442:Armenia–European Union relations
4422:
4410:
4398:
4386:
4374:
4362:
4350:
4338:
4326:
4314:
4302:
4290:
4278:
4266:
4254:
4242:
4230:
4218:
4206:
4194:
4182:
4170:
4158:
4146:
4134:
4122:
4110:
3831:
3819:
3807:
3795:
3783:
3771:
3759:
3747:
3735:
3723:
3711:
3699:
3687:
3675:
3663:
3651:
3639:
3627:
3615:
3603:
3591:
3579:
3567:
3555:
3543:
3531:
3519:
3350:
3337:
3324:
3304:
3292:
3280:
3268:
3256:
3244:
3232:
3220:
3208:
3196:
3184:
3172:
3160:
3148:
3136:
3124:
3112:
3100:
3088:
3076:
3064:
3052:
3040:
3027:
3015:
3003:
2991:
2949:
2936:
2923:Visa policy of the Schengen Area
2892:
2879:
2866:
2853:
2832:
2819:
2806:
2793:
2780:
2767:
2754:
2741:
2728:
2715:
2702:
2689:
2676:
2663:
2650:
2637:
2624:
2611:
2598:
2585:
2572:
2559:
2546:
2533:
2520:
2425:
2413:
2401:
2389:
2377:
2365:
2353:
2326:
2296:
2284:
2272:
2260:
2248:
2236:
2224:
2212:
2200:
2188:
2176:
2164:
2152:
2140:
2128:
2116:
2104:
2092:
2080:
2068:
2017:
2004:
1982:
1969:
1956:
1943:
1930:
1917:
1904:
1891:
1878:
1865:
1852:
1839:
1826:
1813:
1800:
1787:
1774:
1761:
1748:
1735:
1722:
1709:
1696:
1683:
1670:
1657:
1644:
1603:European External Action Service
1573:Political and Security Committee
1480:European Supervisory Authorities
1010:
857:European Economic Area Agreement
630:
608:
586:
574:
562:
550:
538:
526:
514:
502:
478:
465:
452:
439:
426:
413:
400:
387:
374:
361:
348:
335:
322:
309:
296:
283:
270:
257:
244:
231:
218:
205:
192:
179:
166:
153:
140:
115:
34:
7887:National parties by affiliation
7730:Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
7710:Economic Partnership Agreements
6401:Western Union (1948–1954)
6056:Justice, Rights and Values Fund
5698:and accountability institutions
5488:
5468:
5457:
5058:
4517:Turkey–European Union relations
4507:Russia–European Union relations
4502:Norway–European Union relations
4492:Mexico–European Union relations
4457:Canada–European Union relations
4452:Brazil–European Union relations
3977:Passports of the European Union
2967:Schengen Area from January 2023
7892:Presidents of the institutions
7688:European Higher Education Area
7266:International status and usage
7060:Agencies of the European Union
6793:European political foundations
6233:European Union Solidarity Fund
6223:European Union Space Programme
6180:and other European Union funds
5447:
5437:
5402:
5376:Regional & Federal Studies
5367:
5327:
5317:
5307:
5296:
5283:
5236:European Union Regional policy
5221:European legislative procedure
5156:New architecture for 2014–2020
5118:Community Strategic Guidelines
4487:Japan–European Union relations
4462:China–European Union relations
1618:European Administrative School
1514:European Data Protection Board
1399:European Investment Bank Group
108:Politics of the European Union
27:European Union financial tools
13:
1:
7952:Economy of the European Union
7683:European Common Aviation Area
7138:Charter of Fundamental Rights
7111:European Union Military Staff
7011:European University Institute
6800:Council of the European Union
5276:
5216:Economic and Social Committee
5211:Council of the European Union
4839:Economic and Social Committee
4831:Council of the European Union
4467:European Union–NATO relations
3513:Elections in EU member states
3444:Referendums related to the EU
1439:European University Institute
1433:European University Institute
660:Germany–Netherlands relations
7678:European Political Community
7524:European Banking Supervision
7016:European Stability Mechanism
6152:European Stability Mechanism
5388:10.1080/13597566.2011.578827
5201:Budget of the European Union
5181: More developed regions
5169: Less developed regions
4800:budget of the European Union
4004:European Banking Supervision
2042:Euratom since 1 January 2021
1489:Executive agencies of the EU
1426:European Stability Mechanism
1420:European Stability Mechanism
7:
7750:Union for the Mediterranean
7529:Single Resolution Mechanism
7468:Vehicle registration plates
7422:Migration and asylum policy
7401:Potential superpower status
6094:Single Resolution Mechanism
5194:
4718:
4619:European Economic Community
4009:Single Resolution Mechanism
3376:EEA National Identity cards
2913:Schengen Information System
2445:Enlargement of the eurozone
2054:Economic and Monetary Union
1510:Corporate bodies of the EU
1128:Council preparatory bodies
877:UK membership renegotiation
10:
7968:
7693:EU/ESA Framework Agreement
7391:Differentiated integration
6957:European Court of Auditors
6788:European political parties
6208:Connecting Europe Facility
5808:Common Agricultural Policy
5725:European Court of Auditors
5720:European Anti-Fraud Office
5577:(Retrieved 22 August 2012)
5571:(Retrieved 22 August 2012)
5001:
4975:
4808:Connecting Europe Facility
4759:Common Agricultural Policy
4709:Common Agricultural Policy
1592:Inter-institutional bodies
1337:Public Prosecutor's Office
1304:European Court of Auditors
1297:European Court of Auditors
1250:Court of Justice of the EU
7910:
7862:
7810:House of European History
7798:
7789:
7644:
7432:European Judicial Network
7409:
7323:
7314:
7302:Health expense per person
7231:
7222:
7123:
7091:
7068:
7052:
7029:
6976:
6949:Supreme audit institution
6947:
6912:
6882:
6825:
6736:
6727:
6718:
6643:
6634:
6592:
6534:
6499:
6476:
6459:
6441:
6423:
6414:
6391:
6384:
6336:
6327:
6185:
6170:
6135:
6128:Stability and Growth Pact
6121:
6086:
6072:
6048:
6022:
6018:
6004:
5973:
5954:
5935:
5931:
5917:
5876:
5862:
5830:
5806:
5793:European Social Fund Plus
5763:
5759:
5746:
5691:
5680:
4750:European Social Fund Plus
4654:European Union portal
1257:European Court of Justice
684:Treaties and Declarations
650:Belgium–Germany relations
7001:European Investment Fund
6996:European Investment Bank
6218:Digital Europe Programme
5535:(Retrieved 10 May 2012).
5529:(Retrieved 10 May 2012).
5423:10.1177/1465116516658135
5226:European Investment Bank
5206:Committee of the Regions
5191:coherence of EU action.
5175: Transition regions
4929:Objectives for 2007–2013
4843:Committee of the Regions
1537:Other independent bodies
982:Legislative institutions
955:College of Commissioners
935:Von der Leyen Commission
655:France–Germany relations
97:This article is part of
7705:European Peace Facility
6932:System of Central Banks
6143:European Fiscal Compact
5832:Common Fisheries Policy
5565:(Retrieved 9 May 2012).
5559:(Retrieved 9 May 2012).
5553:(Retrieved 9 May 2012).
5547:(Retrieved 9 May 2012).
5541:(Retrieved 9 May 2012).
5523:(Retrieved 9 May 2012).
5476:European Union politics
5411:European Union Politics
4775:Common Fisheries Policy
4713:Common Fisheries Policy
2918:Visa Information System
2346:Other currencies in use
1137:Council Working Parties
64:more precise citations.
7815:2012 Nobel Peace Prize
7661:European Economic Area
7519:European banking union
7396:Privileged partnership
7251:Government procurement
6103:Single Resolution Fund
6035:Internal Security Fund
5355:Cite journal requires
5183:
5147:Operational Programmes
4631:Western European Union
3999:European banking union
3935:European Single Market
3504:2024 (latest election)
3391:
3390:European Economic Area
2979:European Economic Area
2968:
2502:
2043:
1469:Single market agencies
890:Executive institutions
830:Treaties of succession
521:Bosnia and Herzegovina
7760:Free trade agreements
7602:Health Insurance Card
7536:Capital Markets Union
7386:Democratic legitimacy
7356:Optimum currency area
7177:Legislative procedure
6922:European Central Bank
5946:European Defence Fund
5843:(including the EMFAF
5474:Michelle Cini (ed.),
5289:European Commission,
5163:
4835:legislative procedure
4796:third party purchases
4016:Capital Markets Union
3928:Free Trade Agreements
3389:
2966:
2500:
2041:
1350:European Central Bank
1311:Other auditory bodies
1291:Auditory institutions
1244:Judicial institutions
989:Legislative procedure
871:European Constitution
795:Treaties of accession
7872:Books on the subject
7735:EU Gateway Programme
7698:EU/ESA Space Council
7656:Neighbourhood Policy
7614:Regional development
7580:Environmental policy
7570:Educational policies
7497:Neighbourhood Policy
7341:Intergovernmentalism
7331:European integration
7246:Community preference
7197:Enhanced cooperation
7182:Citizens' Initiative
7021:Unified Patent Court
6872:Directorates-General
6663:Environmental issues
5975:Neighbourhood Policy
5891:Just Transition Fund
5795:(including the EFS+
4608:European Communities
4048:Enhanced cooperation
3419:European foundations
3036:(provisional member)
1585:EU/ESA Space Council
1452:Unified Patent Court
1446:Unified Patent Court
1232:National parliaments
1122:Directorates-general
7897:Terrorist incidents
7725:Eastern Partnership
7666:EEA Joint Committee
7585:European Green Deal
7555:Agricultural policy
7361:Supranational union
6852:European Commission
6810:General Secretariat
6746:European Parliament
6701:Special territories
6501:Financial stability
5882:European Green Deal
5593:European Commission
5271:Single European Act
5256:European Parliament
4837:and consulting the
4827:European Parliament
4087:Ext. Action Service
4072:High Representative
4038:European Federation
3912:Policies and issues
3371:EEA Joint Committee
2501:Eurozone since 2015
1523:Joint undertakings
1147:European Parliament
928:European Commission
751:Treaty of Amsterdam
739:Single European Act
691:Schuman Declaration
645:Special territories
623:Applicant countries
495:Candidate countries
7745:Northern Dimension
7492:Enlargement Policy
7434:(criminal matters)
7346:Multi-speed Europe
7039:European Ombudsman
6695:(first-level NUTS)
6678:Larger urban zones
6196:and other EU funds
6193:Next Generation EU
6177:Next Generation EU
5956:Enlargement Policy
5901:Modernisation Fund
5670:Funding programmes
5506:on 8 October 2011.
5184:
4626:European Community
4557:Common Travel Area
4043:Multi-speed Europe
3900:Fundamental Rights
3451:European elections
3392:
2969:
2503:
2044:
1548:European Ombudsman
1025:July–December 2024
851:Schengen Agreement
763:Berlin Declaration
733:Solemn Declaration
703:Europe Declaration
7939:
7938:
7858:
7857:
7845:Telephone numbers
7785:
7784:
7560:Cultural policies
7310:
7309:
7297:Unemployment rate
7119:
7118:
6979:international-law
6972:
6971:
6962:Secretary-General
6714:
6713:
6673:Geographic centre
6630:
6629:
6530:
6529:
6472:
6471:
6286:
6285:
6282:
6281:
6276:
6275:
6166:
6165:
6160:
6159:
6117:
6116:
6111:
6110:
6068:
6067:
6064:
6063:
6000:
5999:
5996:
5995:
5913:
5912:
5909:
5908:
5858:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5819:(including EAFRD
5742:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5696:Funding oversight
4907:The Cohesion Fund
4697:
4696:
4065:Foreign relations
1998:Associated states
1613:Anti-Fraud Office
1332:Anti-Fraud Office
1267:Advocates General
1113:Secretary-General
997:Council of the EU
965:Secretary-General
745:Maastricht Treaty
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
7959:
7919:
7796:
7795:
7673:Energy Community
7592:Fisheries policy
7351:Neofunctionalism
7321:
7320:
7229:
7228:
7171:Official Journal
7158:Citizens' Rights
6897:Court of Justice
6835:European Council
6783:Political groups
6734:
6733:
6725:
6724:
6696:
6641:
6640:
6421:
6420:
6389:
6388:
6334:
6333:
6313:
6306:
6299:
6290:
6289:
6189:
6188:
6172:
6171:
6139:
6138:
6123:
6122:
6090:
6089:
6074:
6073:
6020:
6019:
6006:
6005:
5933:
5932:
5919:
5918:
5878:
5877:
5864:
5863:
5761:
5760:
5748:
5747:
5693:
5692:
5682:
5681:
5663:
5656:
5649:
5640:
5639:
5508:
5507:
5502:. Archived from
5492:
5486:
5472:
5466:
5461:
5455:
5451:
5445:
5441:
5435:
5434:
5406:
5400:
5399:
5371:
5365:
5364:
5358:
5353:
5351:
5343:
5331:
5325:
5321:
5315:
5311:
5305:
5300:
5294:
5287:
5266:Treaty of Lisbon
5180:
5174:
5168:
5021:Treaty of Lisbon
4853:Funds management
4825:It is up to the
4689:
4682:
4675:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4427:
4426:
4415:
4414:
4403:
4402:
4391:
4390:
4379:
4378:
4367:
4366:
4355:
4354:
4343:
4342:
4331:
4330:
4319:
4318:
4307:
4306:
4295:
4294:
4283:
4282:
4271:
4270:
4259:
4258:
4247:
4246:
4235:
4234:
4223:
4222:
4211:
4210:
4199:
4198:
4187:
4186:
4175:
4174:
4163:
4162:
4151:
4150:
4139:
4138:
4127:
4126:
4115:
4114:
4033:Supranationalism
3940:Area of FS&J
3836:
3835:
3824:
3823:
3812:
3811:
3800:
3799:
3788:
3787:
3776:
3775:
3764:
3763:
3752:
3751:
3740:
3739:
3728:
3727:
3716:
3715:
3704:
3703:
3692:
3691:
3680:
3679:
3668:
3667:
3656:
3655:
3644:
3643:
3632:
3631:
3620:
3619:
3608:
3607:
3596:
3595:
3584:
3583:
3572:
3571:
3560:
3559:
3548:
3547:
3536:
3535:
3524:
3523:
3414:European parties
3355:
3354:
3353:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3309:
3308:
3297:
3296:
3285:
3284:
3273:
3272:
3261:
3260:
3249:
3248:
3237:
3236:
3225:
3224:
3213:
3212:
3201:
3200:
3189:
3188:
3177:
3176:
3165:
3164:
3153:
3152:
3141:
3140:
3129:
3128:
3117:
3116:
3105:
3104:
3093:
3092:
3081:
3080:
3069:
3068:
3057:
3056:
3045:
3044:
3032:
3031:
3020:
3019:
3008:
3007:
2996:
2995:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2430:
2429:
2418:
2417:
2406:
2405:
2396:Hungarian forint
2394:
2393:
2382:
2381:
2370:
2369:
2358:
2357:
2331:
2330:
2301:
2300:
2289:
2288:
2277:
2276:
2265:
2264:
2253:
2252:
2241:
2240:
2229:
2228:
2217:
2216:
2205:
2204:
2193:
2192:
2181:
2180:
2169:
2168:
2157:
2156:
2145:
2144:
2133:
2132:
2121:
2120:
2109:
2108:
2097:
2096:
2085:
2084:
2073:
2072:
2061:Eurozone members
2022:
2021:
2020:
2009:
2008:
2007:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1492:Euratom agencies
1117:Thérèse Blanchet
1015:
1014:
918:List of meetings
896:European Council
769:Treaty of Lisbon
635:
634:
613:
612:
591:
590:
579:
578:
567:
566:
555:
554:
543:
542:
531:
530:
519:
518:
507:
506:
483:
482:
481:
470:
469:
468:
457:
456:
455:
444:
443:
442:
431:
430:
429:
418:
417:
416:
405:
404:
403:
392:
391:
390:
379:
378:
377:
366:
365:
364:
353:
352:
351:
340:
339:
338:
327:
326:
325:
314:
313:
312:
301:
300:
299:
288:
287:
286:
275:
274:
273:
262:
261:
260:
249:
248:
247:
236:
235:
234:
223:
222:
221:
210:
209:
208:
197:
196:
195:
184:
183:
182:
171:
170:
169:
158:
157:
156:
145:
144:
143:
119:
94:
93:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
37:
30:
21:
7967:
7966:
7962:
7961:
7960:
7958:
7957:
7956:
7942:
7941:
7940:
7935:
7922:
7915:
7906:
7854:
7835:Public holidays
7781:
7755:Global Strategy
7647:
7640:
7609:Labour mobility
7502:Global Strategy
7463:Driving licence
7405:
7381:Pro-Europeanism
7306:
7218:
7143:Competition law
7115:
7093:
7087:
7070:
7064:
7048:
7031:
7025:
6980:
6978:
6968:
6943:
6908:
6878:
6862:Vice-Presidents
6821:
6756:Vice-Presidents
6710:
6694:
6688:Protected areas
6658:External border
6626:
6588:
6526:
6495:
6468:
6455:
6437:
6410:
6380:
6371:1993–2004
6366:1973–1993
6361:1958–1972
6356:1948–1957
6323:
6317:
6287:
6278:
6277:
6272:
6213:Creative Europe
6195:
6181:
6179:
6162:
6161:
6156:
6131:
6113:
6112:
6107:
6082:
6060:
6044:
6014:
5992:
5979:Global Strategy
5969:
5950:
5927:
5905:
5896:Innovation Fund
5872:
5850:
5826:
5802:
5765:Cohesion Policy
5755:
5734:
5697:
5687:
5676:
5667:
5584:
5512:
5511:
5494:
5493:
5489:
5473:
5469:
5462:
5458:
5452:
5448:
5442:
5438:
5407:
5403:
5372:
5368:
5356:
5354:
5345:
5344:
5332:
5328:
5322:
5318:
5312:
5308:
5301:
5297:
5288:
5284:
5279:
5197:
5182:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5170:
5166:
5158:
5149:
5140:
5120:
5096:
5065:
5061:
5036:
5033:
5029:
5017:
5014:
5011:
5004:
4988:Cohesion Policy
4980:
4974:
4957:
4940:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4909:
4896:
4883:
4878:
4855:
4814:Programme, the
4729:Cohesion Policy
4721:
4693:
4664:
4660:Other countries
4648:
4646:
4641:
4640:
4603:
4595:
4594:
4581:
4553:
4433:
4421:
4409:
4397:
4385:
4373:
4361:
4349:
4337:
4325:
4313:
4301:
4289:
4277:
4265:
4253:
4241:
4229:
4217:
4205:
4193:
4181:
4169:
4157:
4145:
4133:
4121:
4109:
4106:
4101:
4083:
4075:
4067:
4057:
4056:
3987:Pro-Europeanism
3913:
3905:
3904:
3853:
3843:
3842:
3830:
3818:
3806:
3794:
3782:
3770:
3758:
3746:
3734:
3722:
3710:
3698:
3686:
3674:
3662:
3650:
3638:
3626:
3614:
3602:
3590:
3578:
3566:
3554:
3542:
3530:
3518:
3515:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3453:
3448:
3429:Spitzenkandidat
3404:
3394:
3393:
3367:
3362:
3351:
3349:
3338:
3336:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3315:
3303:
3291:
3279:
3267:
3255:
3243:
3231:
3219:
3207:
3195:
3183:
3171:
3159:
3147:
3135:
3123:
3111:
3099:
3087:
3075:
3063:
3051:
3039:
3026:
3014:
3002:
2990:
2987:
2981:
2971:
2970:
2950:
2948:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2927:
2908:Prüm Convention
2904:
2893:
2891:
2880:
2878:
2867:
2865:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2844:
2833:
2831:
2820:
2818:
2807:
2805:
2794:
2792:
2781:
2779:
2768:
2766:
2755:
2753:
2742:
2740:
2729:
2727:
2716:
2714:
2703:
2701:
2690:
2688:
2677:
2675:
2664:
2662:
2651:
2649:
2638:
2636:
2625:
2623:
2612:
2610:
2599:
2597:
2586:
2584:
2573:
2571:
2560:
2558:
2547:
2545:
2534:
2532:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2504:
2495:
2494:
2454:
2449:
2436:
2424:
2412:
2400:
2388:
2376:
2364:
2352:
2349:
2342:
2340:
2333:Paschal Donohoe
2325:
2317:
2310:
2308:
2295:
2283:
2271:
2259:
2247:
2235:
2223:
2211:
2199:
2187:
2175:
2163:
2151:
2139:
2127:
2115:
2103:
2091:
2079:
2067:
2064:
2056:
2046:
2045:
2029:
2018:
2016:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1983:
1981:
1970:
1968:
1957:
1955:
1944:
1942:
1931:
1929:
1918:
1916:
1905:
1903:
1892:
1890:
1879:
1877:
1866:
1864:
1853:
1851:
1840:
1838:
1827:
1825:
1814:
1812:
1801:
1799:
1788:
1786:
1775:
1773:
1762:
1760:
1749:
1747:
1736:
1734:
1723:
1721:
1710:
1708:
1697:
1695:
1684:
1682:
1671:
1669:
1658:
1656:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1637:Euratom members
1633:
1623:
1622:
1594:
1589:
1559:
1556:Advisory bodies
1552:
1539:
1534:
1463:
1456:
1448:
1443:
1435:
1430:
1422:
1417:
1410:Investment Fund
1405:Investment Bank
1401:
1395:
1387:
1386:
1352:
1342:
1341:
1313:
1308:
1300:
1292:
1284:
1283:
1253:
1245:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1228:
1212:Vice Presidents
1156:
1150:
1143:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1009:
1007:
1000:
993:
984:
974:
973:
950:Vice Presidents
931:
924:
899:
891:
883:
882:
867:
862:
847:
842:
841:
832:
827:
826:
797:
792:
791:
786:
697:Treaty of Paris
686:
676:
675:
674:
641:
629:
626:
619:
607:
604:
597:
585:
573:
569:North Macedonia
561:
549:
537:
525:
513:
501:
498:
491:
490:
479:
477:
466:
464:
453:
451:
440:
438:
427:
425:
414:
412:
401:
399:
388:
386:
375:
373:
362:
360:
349:
347:
336:
334:
323:
321:
310:
308:
297:
295:
284:
282:
271:
269:
258:
256:
245:
243:
232:
230:
219:
217:
206:
204:
193:
191:
180:
178:
167:
165:
154:
152:
141:
139:
134:
110:
86:
75:
69:
66:
56:Please help to
55:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7965:
7955:
7954:
7937:
7936:
7934:
7933:
7928:
7921:
7920:
7912:
7911:
7908:
7907:
7905:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7868:
7866:
7860:
7859:
7856:
7855:
7853:
7852:
7847:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7820:Laissez-passer
7817:
7812:
7807:
7799:
7793:
7787:
7786:
7783:
7782:
7780:
7779:
7778:
7777:
7772:
7770:Current agenda
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7707:
7702:
7701:
7700:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7669:
7668:
7658:
7652:
7650:
7642:
7641:
7639:
7638:
7637:
7636:
7631:
7629:Sport policies
7626:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7606:
7605:
7604:
7594:
7589:
7588:
7587:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7547:
7546:
7545:
7544:
7543:
7533:
7532:
7531:
7526:
7516:
7506:
7505:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7488:
7487:
7472:
7471:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7429:
7424:
7413:
7411:
7407:
7406:
7404:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7376:Federalisation
7373:
7368:
7366:Euroscepticism
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7327:
7325:
7318:
7312:
7311:
7308:
7307:
7305:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7283:
7282:
7272:
7271:
7270:
7269:
7268:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7232:
7226:
7220:
7219:
7217:
7216:
7215:
7214:
7209:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7167:
7162:
7161:
7160:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7129:
7127:
7121:
7120:
7117:
7116:
7114:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7097:
7095:
7089:
7088:
7086:
7085:
7080:
7074:
7072:
7066:
7065:
7063:
7062:
7056:
7054:
7050:
7049:
7047:
7046:
7041:
7035:
7033:
7027:
7026:
7024:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7007:
7006:
7003:
6998:
6990:
6984:
6982:
6974:
6973:
6970:
6969:
6967:
6966:
6965:
6964:
6953:
6951:
6945:
6944:
6942:
6941:
6940:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6918:
6916:
6910:
6909:
6907:
6906:
6905:
6904:
6899:
6888:
6886:
6880:
6879:
6877:
6876:
6875:
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6869:
6864:
6859:
6849:
6848:
6847:
6842:
6831:
6829:
6823:
6822:
6820:
6819:
6818:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6797:
6796:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6779:
6778:
6776:Constituencies
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6742:
6740:
6731:
6722:
6716:
6715:
6712:
6711:
6709:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6668:Extreme points
6665:
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6655:
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6644:
6638:
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6436:
6435:
6430:
6424:
6418:
6412:
6411:
6409:
6408:
6403:
6397:
6395:
6393:Defence policy
6386:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6342:
6340:
6331:
6325:
6324:
6322: articles
6320:European Union
6316:
6315:
6308:
6301:
6293:
6284:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6274:
6273:
6271:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6253:Horizon Europe
6250:
6248:LIFE programme
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6199:
6197:
6186:
6183:
6182:
6168:
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5984:
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5727:
5722:
5717:
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5707:
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5699:
5689:
5688:
5678:
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5674:European Union
5666:
5665:
5658:
5651:
5643:
5637:
5636:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5611:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5583:
5582:External links
5580:
5579:
5578:
5572:
5566:
5560:
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5417:(4): 638–659.
5401:
5382:(3): 355–374.
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5231:European Union
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4984:European Union
4976:Main article:
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4816:Horizon Europe
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4177:Czech Republic
4167:
4155:
4143:
4131:
4119:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4097:Defence Policy
4094:
4092:Foreign Policy
4089:
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3992:Euroscepticism
3989:
3984:
3979:
3969:
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3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3944:
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3942:
3932:
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3907:
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3897:
3895:Recommendation
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3854:
3849:
3848:
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3708:
3696:
3684:
3672:
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3648:
3636:
3624:
3612:
3600:
3588:
3586:Czech Republic
3576:
3564:
3552:
3540:
3528:
3511:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
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3455:
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3449:
3447:
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3441:
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3434:Constituencies
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3405:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3347:
3334:
3318:Non-EU members
3316:
3314:
3313:
3301:
3289:
3277:
3265:
3253:
3241:
3229:
3217:
3205:
3193:
3181:
3169:
3157:
3145:
3133:
3121:
3109:
3097:
3085:
3073:
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3059:Czech Republic
3049:
3037:
3024:
3012:
3000:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2976:
2973:
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2961:
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2928:
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2889:
2876:
2863:
2847:Non-EU members
2845:
2843:
2842:
2829:
2816:
2803:
2790:
2777:
2764:
2751:
2738:
2725:
2712:
2699:
2686:
2673:
2660:
2647:
2634:
2621:
2608:
2595:
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2580:Czech Republic
2569:
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2511:
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2025:United Kingdom
2014:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1979:
1966:
1953:
1940:
1927:
1914:
1901:
1888:
1875:
1862:
1849:
1836:
1823:
1810:
1797:
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1717:Czech Republic
1706:
1693:
1680:
1667:
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1529:of the Euratom
1527:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1493:
1490:
1487:
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1407:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1375:Euro banknotes
1372:
1367:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
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1227:
1226:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1181:
1169:Largest groups
1166:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1105:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1033:Configurations
1031:
1022:
1008:
1001:
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985:
980:
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861:
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845:Other treaties
843:
833:
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785:
784:
783:
782:
777:
766:
760:
757:Treaty of Nice
754:
748:
742:
736:
730:
724:
721:Euratom Treaty
718:
715:Treaty of Rome
712:
706:
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694:
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511:
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397:
384:
371:
358:
345:
332:
319:
306:
293:
280:
267:
254:
241:
228:
215:
213:Czech Republic
202:
189:
176:
163:
150:
136:
135:
129:
128:
125:
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121:
120:
112:
111:
106:
103:
102:
88:
87:
70:September 2013
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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7851:
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7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
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7830:Media freedom
7828:
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7575:Energy policy
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7565:Customs Union
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7552:
7551:
7550:Single market
7548:
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7481:
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7464:
7461:
7458:
7454:
7453:identity card
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7433:
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7428:
7427:Schengen Area
7425:
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7408:
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7399:
7397:
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7168:
7166:
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7159:
7156:
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7154:
7151:
7149:
7148:Copyright law
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7130:
7128:
7126:
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7112:
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7005:EIB Institute
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
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6911:
6903:
6902:General Court
6900:
6898:
6895:
6894:
6893:
6890:
6889:
6887:
6885:
6881:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6867:Commissioners
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6854:
6853:
6850:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6837:
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6808:
6806:
6803:
6802:
6801:
6798:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6777:
6774:
6773:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6748:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6741:
6739:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6717:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6683:Member states
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6645:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6633:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6595:
6591:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6541:
6539:
6537:
6533:
6523:
6521:
6516:
6514:
6512:
6507:
6506:
6504:
6502:
6498:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6483:
6481:
6479:
6475:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6458:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6443:
6440:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6425:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6413:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6398:
6396:
6394:
6390:
6387:
6383:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6343:
6341:
6339:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6326:
6321:
6314:
6309:
6307:
6302:
6300:
6295:
6294:
6291:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6200:
6198:
6194:
6190:
6184:
6178:
6173:
6169:
6153:
6150:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6140:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6120:
6104:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6091:
6085:
6080:
6079:Banking union
6075:
6071:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6047:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6021:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6003:
5989:
5988:Global Europe
5986:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5976:
5972:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5953:
5947:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5916:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5861:
5846:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5829:
5822:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5805:
5798:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5788:Cohesion Fund
5786:
5783:
5780:and the ERDF
5779:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5762:
5758:
5754:
5749:
5745:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5694:
5690:
5683:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5664:
5659:
5657:
5652:
5650:
5645:
5644:
5641:
5635:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5615:
5612:
5610:(by INTERACT)
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5585:
5576:
5573:
5570:
5567:
5564:
5561:
5558:
5555:
5552:
5549:
5546:
5543:
5540:
5537:
5534:
5531:
5528:
5525:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5514:
5513:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5491:
5485:
5484:9780199248360
5481:
5477:
5471:
5465:
5460:
5450:
5440:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5420:
5416:
5412:
5405:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5370:
5362:
5349:
5341:
5337:
5330:
5320:
5310:
5304:
5303:Beyond-GDP.eu
5299:
5292:
5286:
5282:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5192:
5188:
5162:
5153:
5144:
5132:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5124:
5123:priorities:
5112:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5100:
5091:
5083:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5056:
5048:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5039:
5024:
5022:
5009:
4999:
4997:
4992:
4989:
4985:
4979:
4969:
4967:
4963:
4952:
4949:
4945:
4935:
4916:
4914:
4904:
4901:
4891:
4888:
4876:The ESI Funds
4873:
4866:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4858:
4850:
4846:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4823:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4783:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4767:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4751:
4747:
4744:
4743:Cohesion Fund
4740:
4737:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4716:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4690:
4685:
4683:
4678:
4676:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4645:
4644:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4079:Josep Borrell
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4066:
4061:
4060:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3997:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3933:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3923:Customs Union
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3867:ECJ Case 6/64
3864:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3847:
3846:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3439:Apportionment
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3398:
3397:
3388:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3359:
3348:
3346:
3345:Liechtenstein
3335:
3333:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2980:
2975:
2974:
2965:
2958:
2947:
2945:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2890:
2888:
2877:
2875:
2874:Liechtenstein
2864:
2862:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2841:
2830:
2828:
2817:
2815:
2804:
2802:
2791:
2789:
2778:
2776:
2765:
2763:
2752:
2750:
2739:
2737:
2726:
2724:
2713:
2711:
2700:
2698:
2687:
2685:
2674:
2672:
2661:
2659:
2648:
2646:
2635:
2633:
2622:
2620:
2609:
2607:
2596:
2594:
2583:
2581:
2570:
2568:
2557:
2555:
2544:
2542:
2531:
2529:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2513:Schengen Area
2509:
2508:
2499:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2432:Swedish krona
2428:
2423:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2361:
2360:Bulgarian lev
2356:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2341:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2015:
2013:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1991:
1980:
1978:
1967:
1965:
1954:
1952:
1941:
1939:
1928:
1926:
1915:
1913:
1902:
1900:
1889:
1887:
1876:
1874:
1863:
1861:
1850:
1848:
1837:
1835:
1824:
1822:
1811:
1809:
1798:
1796:
1785:
1783:
1772:
1770:
1759:
1757:
1746:
1744:
1733:
1731:
1720:
1718:
1707:
1705:
1694:
1692:
1681:
1679:
1668:
1666:
1655:
1653:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1632:
1627:
1626:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1475:AFSC agencies
1474:
1472:CFSP agencies
1471:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1414:EIB Institute
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1391:
1390:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1346:
1345:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1288:
1287:
1280:
1279:General Court
1277:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1241:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1188:Iratxe García
1185:
1182:
1179:
1178:Manfred Weber
1175:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1013:
1006:
1005:
999:
998:
990:
987:
986:
983:
978:
977:
970:
966:
963:
961:
960:Civil Service
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
945:
944:Von der Leyen
941:
938:
936:
933:
932:
930:
929:
919:
916:
914:
911:
910:
908:
904:
901:
900:
898:
897:
887:
886:
878:
875:
872:
869:
868:
866:
858:
855:
852:
849:
848:
846:
840:
836:
831:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
796:
790:
781:
778:
776:
773:
772:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
727:Merger Treaty
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
688:
685:
680:
679:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
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633:
628:
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611:
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584:
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541:
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177:
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131:Member states
127:
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109:
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92:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
7802:
7624:Space policy
7618:
7292:Average wage
7287:Minimum wage
7170:
6914:Central bank
6729:Institutions
6653:Demographics
6536:Enlargements
6519:
6510:
6478:Central bank
6385:Predecessors
5752:
5504:the original
5500:ec.europa.eu
5499:
5490:
5475:
5470:
5459:
5449:
5439:
5414:
5410:
5404:
5379:
5375:
5369:
5348:cite journal
5329:
5319:
5314:Strathclyde.
5309:
5298:
5285:
5189:
5185:
5150:
5141:
5121:
5101:
5097:
5088:
5074:
5062:
5059:Organization
5053:
5030:
5005:
4993:
4981:
4958:
4941:
4932:
4910:
4897:
4884:
4870:
4856:
4847:
4824:
4806:(EAGF), the
4792:real economy
4789:
4722:
4700:
4698:
4610:(1958–1993)
4103:
4070:
3950:Agricultural
3873:Subsidiarity
3512:
3450:
3364:
3317:
2984:
2929:
2846:
2451:
2420:Romanian leu
2408:Polish złoty
2384:Danish krone
2372:Czech koruna
2344:
2339:
2320:
2312:
2307:
2059:
1997:
1636:
1591:
1554:
1536:
1458:
1445:
1432:
1419:
1398:
1394:Other bodies
1310:
1295:
1248:
1230:
1145:
1032:
1017:
1002:
995:
926:
894:
864:
844:
829:
794:
709:Spaak Report
621:
599:
493:
91:
76:
67:
48:
7902:Urban areas
7765:Enlargement
7443:Citizenship
7192:LGBT rights
7030:Independent
6845:Euro summit
6761:Secretariat
6738:Legislature
6594:Withdrawals
5776:(including
4345:Netherlands
4028:Integration
3972:Citizenship
3754:Netherlands
3227:Netherlands
2985:EEA members
2900:Switzerland
2749:Netherlands
2255:Netherlands
2012:Switzerland
1899:Netherlands
1203:(2019–2024)
1201:9th session
1108:Secretariat
879:(2015–2016)
395:Netherlands
62:introducing
7877:Directives
7775:Statistics
7597:Healthcare
7336:Eurosphere
7241:Currencies
7212:Withdrawal
7187:Regulation
6992:EIB Group
6937:Eurosystem
6805:Presidency
6766:Committees
6706:Statistics
6376:Since 2004
5277:References
5046:1260/1999.
4794:" through
4773:under the
4757:under the
4727:under the
4321:Luxembourg
3880:Regulation
3730:Luxembourg
3203:Luxembourg
2723:Luxembourg
2231:Luxembourg
1873:Luxembourg
1484:SRM bodies
1380:Euro coins
1224:Conference
1004:Presidency
780:Article 50
557:Montenegro
369:Luxembourg
45:references
7825:Languages
7804:Douzelage
7648:relations
7448:passports
7371:Euromyths
7275:Transport
7153:Directive
6981:EU bodies
6927:President
6884:Judiciary
6857:President
6840:President
6827:Executive
6815:Eurogroup
6771:Elections
6751:President
6648:Geography
6636:Geography
6258:EU4Health
5431:156071628
5396:154659642
4818:, or the
4309:Lithuania
3960:Fisheries
3946:Policies
3885:Directive
3718:Lithuania
3402:Elections
3191:Lithuania
2959:(Opt-out)
2710:Lithuania
2321:President
2314:Eurogroup
2219:Lithuania
1860:Lithuania
1526:of the EU
1357:President
1160:President
1056:Eurogroup
969:Juhansone
940:President
903:President
775:Article 7
356:Lithuania
7946:Category
7926:Category
7840:Religion
7646:Foreign
7634:VAT Area
7514:Eurozone
7410:Policies
7324:Concepts
7316:Politics
7256:Eurozone
7207:opt-outs
7202:Treaties
7092:Military
7069:Advisory
7053:Agencies
6693:Regions
6351:Founders
6338:Timeline
6268:REACT-EU
6243:Erasmus+
6238:InvestEU
5778:Interreg
5630:INTERACT
5261:INTERREG
5195:See also
5187:2020").
5008:INTERREG
4978:Interreg
4964:and the
4841:and the
4829:and the
4820:Erasmus+
4812:InvestEU
4719:Overview
4711:and the
4405:Slovenia
4393:Slovakia
4369:Portugal
4141:Bulgaria
3982:Identity
3965:Regional
3890:Decision
3814:Slovenia
3802:Slovakia
3778:Portugal
3550:Bulgaria
3287:Slovenia
3275:Slovakia
3251:Portugal
3022:Bulgaria
2814:Slovenia
2801:Slovakia
2775:Portugal
2554:Bulgaria
2460:Bulgaria
2291:Slovenia
2279:Slovakia
2267:Portugal
1964:Slovenia
1951:Slovakia
1925:Portugal
1678:Bulgaria
1217:Quaestor
1063:AGRIFISH
789:Opt-outs
460:Slovenia
447:Slovakia
421:Portugal
174:Bulgaria
99:a series
7917:Outline
7850:Symbols
7791:Culture
7280:TRACECA
7224:Economy
7032:offices
6329:History
5672:of the
5515:General
5454:States.
5444:Policy.
5340:1083477
5324:Centre.
5002:History
4784:(EMFAF)
4777:(CFP):
4768:(EAFRD)
4761:(CAP):
4561:Ireland
4531:History
4381:Romania
4273:Ireland
4261:Hungary
4237:Germany
4213:Finland
4201:Estonia
4189:Denmark
4153:Croatia
4129:Belgium
4117:Austria
3863:Primacy
3790:Romania
3682:Ireland
3670:Hungary
3646:Germany
3622:Finland
3610:Estonia
3598:Denmark
3562:Croatia
3538:Belgium
3526:Austria
3332:Iceland
3263:Romania
3155:Ireland
3143:Hungary
3119:Germany
3095:Finland
3083:Estonia
3071:Denmark
3034:Croatia
3010:Belgium
2998:Austria
2957:Ireland
2861:Iceland
2788:Romania
2671:Hungary
2645:Germany
2619:Finland
2606:Estonia
2593:Denmark
2567:Croatia
2541:Belgium
2528:Austria
2490:Romania
2475:Hungary
2470:Denmark
2465:Czechia
2183:Ireland
2159:Germany
2135:Finland
2123:Estonia
2099:Croatia
2087:Belgium
2075:Austria
1938:Romania
1821:Ireland
1808:Hungary
1782:Germany
1756:Finland
1743:Estonia
1730:Denmark
1691:Croatia
1665:Belgium
1652:Austria
1631:Euratom
1360:Lagarde
1272:Rulings
1262:Members
1184:S&D
1164:Metsola
1153:Members
1132:COREPER
1018:Hungary
913:Parties
909:(ALDE)
771:(2007)
593:Ukraine
545:Moldova
533:Georgia
509:Albania
434:Romania
317:Ireland
304:Hungary
278:Germany
252:Finland
239:Estonia
226:Denmark
187:Croatia
161:Belgium
148:Austria
58:improve
7931:Portal
7236:Budget
7133:Acquis
7094:bodies
7071:bodies
6720:Bodies
6263:RescEU
5482:
5429:
5394:
5338:
5179:
5173:
5167:
4946:, the
4810:, the
4752:(ESF+)
4738:(ERDF)
4542:Brexit
4429:Sweden
4357:Poland
4297:Latvia
4249:Greece
4225:France
4165:Cyprus
3955:Energy
3918:Budget
3858:Acquis
3838:Sweden
3766:Poland
3706:Latvia
3658:Greece
3634:France
3574:Cyprus
3365:Topics
3358:Norway
3356:
3343:
3330:
3311:Sweden
3239:Poland
3179:Latvia
3131:Greece
3107:France
3047:Cyprus
2955:
2944:Cyprus
2942:
2898:
2887:Norway
2885:
2872:
2859:
2840:Sweden
2838:
2825:
2812:
2799:
2786:
2773:
2762:Poland
2760:
2747:
2734:
2721:
2708:
2697:Latvia
2695:
2682:
2669:
2658:Greece
2656:
2643:
2632:France
2630:
2617:
2604:
2591:
2578:
2565:
2552:
2539:
2526:
2485:Sweden
2480:Poland
2440:ERM II
2207:Latvia
2171:Greece
2147:France
2111:Cyprus
2023:
2010:
1990:Sweden
1988:
1975:
1962:
1949:
1936:
1923:
1912:Poland
1910:
1897:
1884:
1871:
1858:
1847:Latvia
1845:
1832:
1819:
1806:
1795:Greece
1793:
1780:
1769:France
1767:
1754:
1741:
1728:
1715:
1704:Cyprus
1702:
1689:
1676:
1663:
1650:
1207:Bureau
1103:Voting
1073:COMPET
1051:ECOFIN
907:Michel
873:(2004)
859:(1992)
853:(1985)
765:(2007)
759:(2001)
753:(1997)
747:(1992)
741:(1986)
735:(1983)
729:(1965)
723:(1957)
717:(1957)
711:(1956)
705:(1951)
699:(1951)
693:(1950)
637:Kosovo
615:Turkey
581:Serbia
486:Sweden
484:
471:
458:
445:
432:
419:
408:Poland
406:
393:
380:
367:
354:
343:Latvia
341:
328:
315:
302:
291:Greece
289:
276:
265:France
263:
250:
237:
224:
211:
200:Cyprus
198:
185:
172:
159:
146:
47:, but
7864:Lists
6977:Other
6145:funds
6130:funds
6096:funds
6081:funds
6013:funds
5926:funds
5884:funds
5871:funds
5767:ESIFs
5427:S2CID
5392:S2CID
4417:Spain
4333:Malta
4285:Italy
3826:Spain
3742:Malta
3694:Italy
3299:Spain
3215:Malta
3167:Italy
2827:Spain
2736:Malta
2684:Italy
2303:Spain
2243:Malta
2195:Italy
1977:Spain
1886:Malta
1834:Italy
1478:ESFS
1068:EPSCO
946:(EPP)
473:Spain
382:Malta
330:Italy
7457:list
7261:Euro
6622:2020
6617:2012
6612:1985
6607:1984
6602:1962
6584:2013
6579:2007
6574:2004
6569:1995
6564:1990
6559:1986
6554:1981
6549:1973
6544:1954
6520:2012
6511:2012
5981:fund
5977:and
5958:fund
5939:fund
5845:CLLD
5834:ESIF
5821:CLLD
5810:ESIF
5797:CLLD
5782:CLLD
5480:ISBN
5361:help
5336:SSRN
5241:ERDF
4962:ERDF
4944:ERDF
4900:ESF+
4898:The
4887:ERDF
4885:The
4780:the
4764:the
4748:the
4745:(CF)
4741:the
4734:the
4699:The
3499:2019
3494:2014
3489:2009
3484:2004
3479:1999
3474:1994
3469:1989
3464:1984
3459:1979
1365:ESCB
1083:ENVI
839:2020
835:1984
824:2011
820:2005
816:2003
812:1994
808:1985
804:1979
800:1972
665:EU 3
133:(27)
7125:Law
5419:doi
5384:doi
5246:ESF
4986:'s
4966:ESF
4948:ESF
4590:G20
3851:Law
1370:EMU
1174:EPP
1093:EYC
1088:JHA
1078:TTE
1046:FAC
1041:GAC
7948::
5498:.
5425:.
5415:17
5413:.
5390:.
5380:21
5378:.
5352::
5350:}}
5346:{{
4968:.
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