604:
of
Taiwanese interneesâwhether they were Chinese or Japaneseâfurther inflamed public outrage at their allegedly appalling treatment by the Australian government. Additionally, it was technically true that several "camp babies"âinternees who had been born on Australian soil whilst their parents were internedâpossessed Australian birth certificates, which made them legally British subjects. However, many of these camp babies were also deported from the country alongside their non-citizen parents. There was also a minor controversy regarding the destination of repatriation, with some of the less Japan-friendly Taiwanese fearing that they would be repatriated to Japan, though this was resolved when they learnt that they were being repatriated to Taiwan instead.
1571:
1388:
821:
1370:
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739:
emphasis on retaining proficiency in these languages. Internationally and in
Australia, Mandarin is far more useful for travelling and business than other Taiwanese languages, which may result in parents prioritising Mandarin. By the third and fourth generations, proficiency in even Mandarin is usually lost entirely, unless the family has been residing in a Chinese or Taiwanese ethnic enclave in Australia for several decades. Such enclaves do exist, and they are usually known as "
1975:
2072:
1412:
807:
1436:
24:
1985:
599:", in what became known as the "Yoizuki Hellship scandal". Post-WWII, the Australian government was eager to expel any Japanese internees who did not possess Australian citizenship, and this included the majority of Taiwanese internees as well. However, the Republic of China (ROC) was an ally of Australia, and since the ROC had
632:
The current total population of
Taiwanese Australians is unknown, with only 1st-generation and 2nd-generation Taiwanese being counted in the Australian Census as Taiwanese, and with 3rd-generation Taiwanese or older families being counted as just "Australian". The current number of 1st/2nd-generation
586:
After the war, internees were resettled in their country of ethnic origin, rather than their country of nationality or residence, with the exception of
Japanese Australians, who were generally allowed to remain in Australia. Non-Australian Japanese, who originated from Southeast Asia and the Pacific,
1030:
Taiwan has many ethnic groups with the largest group being the Hoklo Han
Chinese with about 70% of the total population followed by the Hakka Han Chinese who make up about 14% of the total population...The mainland Chinese are a group of people who migrated to Taiwan in the 1940s from mainland China
603:
during
October 1945, many among the Australian public believed that the Taiwanese internees should be deemed citizens of the ROC, and, therefore, friends of Australia, not to be expelled from the country, or at least not in such allegedly appalling conditions. This debate concerning the citizenship
1060:
While numerous books, films and photographs have explored the internment of
Japanese civilians in the United States and Canada, the situation in Australia has had limited coverage... Of the 4301 Japanese civilians interned in Australia, only a quarter had been living in Australia when hostilities
746:
According to the 2016 Australian census, approximately 90% of
Taiwanese immigrants to Australia, including those who have come to Australia during preceding decades, speak Mandarin as their primary non-English language at home, whereas approximately 2% speak Hokkien. Approximately 66% of those who
738:
the
Taiwanese immigrant parents originate from, their children may only remain proficient in one of these languages. Typically, proficiency in Mandarin is usually retained by the second generation, whereas proficiency in Hokkien and Hakka drops significantly unless the parents place a particular
514:
from a nearby hospital. Several
Japanese people who were born in the internment camp were named "Tatura" in honour of their families' wartime internment at Tatura. During wartime internment, many working age adults in the internment camp operated small businesses (including a sewing factory) and
624:
had been completely abolished by 1973, and so Taiwanese (and mainland Chinese) immigration to Australia had been gradually increasing since then. The Australian Government specifically targeted Taiwanese nationals for immigration during the 1980s. Simultaneously, there was an influx of mainland
493:
region). Roughly 600 Taiwanese civilians (entire families, including mothers, children and the elderly) were held at "Internment Camp No. 4", located in Rushworth but nominally labeled as being part of the "Tatura Internment Group", between January 1942 and March 1946. Most of the Japanese and
1001:
While Taiwan may be described as a predominantly Han Chinese society, with more than 95 percent of the population claiming Han ancestry, its heritage is actually much more complex... There is growing appreciation in Taiwan for the cultural legacies of the 16 officially recognized
607:
On January 5, 1993, a plaque was erected at the site of the internment camp at Tatura (Rushworth) to commemorate the memory of wartime internment. Forty-six Japanese and Taiwanese ex-internees, as well as a former (Australian) camp guard, are listed on the plaque.
625:
Chinese immigration to Australia during the 1980s due to the PRC relaxing its immigration policies. The majority of Taiwanese immigrants to Australia during the 1970s and onward were highly skilled
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595:. The repatriation of Taiwanese during March 1946 caused public outcry in Australia due to the allegedly poor living conditions aboard the repatriating ship "
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633:
Taiwanese Australians is roughly 45,000â55,000 people. It is estimated that roughly 95%â90% of Taiwanese Australians are 1st/2nd-generation Australians.
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3085:
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began, with many employed in the pearl diving industry... The remaining three-quarters had been arrested in Allied-controlled countries such as the
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1044:
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Starting from 1976, Australia began to consider the Taiwanese to be nationals of the ROC (Taiwan), making a distinction between them and the
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1473:
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88:
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1941:
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2014:
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ancestry and constitute approximately 2% of the population. The Han Taiwanese majority can be loosely subdivided into the
1179:(This is a website link to a PDF version of an Australian thesis paper on Japanese internment in Australia during WWII.).
1031:
after Kuomintang lost the Chinese civil war in 1949... The mainlanders make up 14% of the population due to immigration.
791:) also host significant Taiwanese communities. Typically, Taiwanese people immigrating to Australia prefer to settle in
74:
358:)" (post-1949 Chinese immigrants) (14%). Historically, the first known Taiwanese people in Australia arrived from the
1299:
867:
107:
1191:
2007:
1931:
1440:
1351:
501:
56:
1988:
1466:
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1915:
1120:
692:
45:
591:. On the other hand, Taiwanese, most of whom originated from the Netherlands East Indies, were repatriated to
3214:
1936:
1289:
862:
684:
1910:
748:
592:
333:
291:
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1951:
1344:
3149:
2188:
1946:
1459:
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596:
434:
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2193:
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2766:
1978:
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857:
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81:
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3185:
3053:
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The Taiwanese community in Australia is relatively minor and is often not distinguished from the
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688:
34:
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Austronesian-speaking tribes, which constitute a little more than 2 percent of the population.
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743:". Chinese enclaves in Australia are quite large and numerous but Taiwanese enclaves aren't.
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Prior to 1942, it is unknown whether there were any Taiwanese people living in Australia.
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1316:"Origins: History of immigration from Taiwan â Immigration Museum, Melbourne Australia"
897:
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536:
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214:
182:
174:
3246:
Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016
506:. Several Japanese and Taiwanese people were born in the internment camp and received
3058:
3023:
2873:
2848:
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2796:
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1810:
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1704:
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715:
528:
520:
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local schools within the internment camp. Regarding languages, schools mainly taught
511:
470:
438:
390:
to Australia began during the 1970s as a result of the complete dismantlement of the
375:
359:
315:
190:
2998:
2973:
2716:
1889:
963:
912:
892:
812:
600:
572:
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516:
349:
321:
3124:
780:
752:
719:
532:
446:
383:
379:
341:
198:
620:
living in the PRC, but considering both people groups to be ethnic-Chinese. The
1770:
680:
672:
617:
507:
462:
687:
is a fairly recent phenomenon that was intentionally encouraged by successive
3258:
1099:
826:
665:
556:
548:
454:
325:
433:, two neighbouring countryside towns respectively located in the regions of
306:
citizens or permanent residents who carry full or partial ancestry from the
1490:
735:
731:
700:
560:
490:
482:
450:
367:
345:
234:
1999:
985:
726:). However, proficiency in these languages typically already drops by the
2040:
1966:
Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups (ASCCEG)
837:
580:
394:(1901â1973), which historically prevented Taiwanese people and other non-
387:
354:
329:
1644:
772:
474:
425:
Historically, Taiwanese Australians have had a significant presence in
250:
1147:"Japanese survivors recall Australia's WWII civilian internment camps"
1579:
784:
552:
540:
478:
363:
307:
303:
154:
1451:
415:
Internment of Japanese and Taiwanese people in Australia during WWII
23:
768:
652:
226:
162:
150:
730:, i.e. the first generation born in Australia. Depending on which
706:
Taiwanese immigrants to Australia can usually speak their native
544:
776:
495:
426:
395:
311:
258:
146:
755:). Approximately 5% speak only or primarily English at home.
158:
3242:
Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census, 2012â2013
543:
are purported to have also been held at the camp, alongside
494:
Taiwanese civilians were innocent and had been arrested for
332:
ancestry and constitute over 95% of the population, and the
1291:
The Chinese Diaspora: Space, Place, Mobility, and Identity
1100:"Prisoner of War and Internment Camps; World War II Camps"
1045:"Japanese internment a dark chapter of Australian history"
1264:"Fact sheet â Abolition of the 'White Australia' Policy"
1192:"The Japanese and the dark legacy of Australia's camps"
370:(1939â1945), having been brought to the country by the
1173:"Japanese internment in Australia during World War II"
775:) hosts the largest Taiwanese community in Australia.
504:", an article detailing similar internment in America)
722:, and various other Taiwanese languages (such as the
802:
611:
485:
policies enforced by the Australian government (and
990:
Government Portal of the Republic of China (Taiwan)
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3256:
1288:Ma, Laurence J. C.; Cartier, Carolyn L. (2003).
324:can be divided into two main ethnic groups; the
2015:
1467:
1352:
378:in 1942; at the time, Taiwan was part of the
1239:"Taiwanese Culture â Taiwanese in Australia"
1082:"Tatura Irrigation and Wartime Camps Museum"
874:Articles relating to Taiwanese Australians:
2029:
935:"2016 Census Community Profiles: Australia"
668:, for example, there aren't many large non-
2022:
2008:
1474:
1460:
1359:
1345:
691:as part of the country's rapidly changing
477:nearby to these towns as a result of anti-
398:from permanently settling in the country.
1287:
1189:
1144:
927:
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
1121:"Tatura â Rushworth, Victoria (1940â47)"
834:Articles relating to Australian people:
136:55,960 (according to Taiwan govt. data)
3270:Australian people of Taiwanese descent
3257:
1170:
751:at home also speak English (i.e. they
134:46,822 (Taiwanese-born at 2016 census)
2003:
1481:
1455:
1340:
1233:
1231:
1215:
1042:
382:and Taiwanese people were considered
2245:Caribbean and West Indian Australian
1984:
1171:Nagata, Yuriko (13 September 1993).
1115:
1113:
848:Foreign-born population of Australia
141:Regions with significant populations
46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
1043:Piper, Christine (14 August 2014).
13:
1228:
1190:Blakkarly, Jarni (24 April 2017).
1145:Blakkarly, Jarni (25 April 2017).
960:"International Migration Database"
14:
3291:
1216:Piper, Christine (6 March 2012).
1110:
868:Post-war immigration to Australia
612:History from the 1970s and onward
469:) and ethnic-Taiwanese (from the
2070:
1983:
1974:
1973:
1569:
1434:
1422:
1410:
1398:
1386:
1368:
939:Quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au
819:
805:
502:Internment of Japanese Americans
406:
22:
1308:
1281:
1256:
1218:"Tatura family internment camp"
1209:
1183:
1164:
386:. Subsequently, Taiwanese mass
33:needs additional citations for
1138:
1125:National Archives of Australia
1092:
1074:
1036:
1007:
978:
952:
765:Chinese community in Australia
724:Taiwanese indigenous languages
679:has been heavily dominated by
1:
3275:Taiwanese diaspora by country
920:
863:Multiculturalism in Australia
758:
685:Multiculturalism in Australia
1294:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1067:ethnic Formosans (Taiwanese)
699:following the conclusion of
334:Taiwanese indigenous peoples
292:Taiwanese indigenous peoples
7:
3265:Asian diaspora in Australia
2250:Hispanic and Latin American
798:
749:language other than English
656:national language and most
641:
316:preceding Taiwanese regimes
10:
3296:
3280:AustraliaâTaiwan relations
2347:Trinidadian and Tobagonian
1268:archive.homeaffairs.gov.au
1177:The University of Adelaide
662:proficient in the language
636:
500:(see the related article "
418:
401:
3238:
3173:
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2355:
2227:
2079:
2068:
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1962:
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1049:The Sydney Morning Herald
1015:"Ethnic Groups Of Taiwan"
843:Demographics of Australia
527:and Taiwanese languages (
274:
269:
225:
220:
173:
168:
145:
140:
133:
128:
2039:Ancestral background of
858:Immigration to Australia
753:speak multiple languages
2062:Torres Strait Islanders
2031:Ancestry of Australians
658:immigrants to Australia
471:Netherlands East Indies
360:Netherlands East Indies
57:"Taiwanese Australians"
2057:Aboriginal Australians
1320:museumsvictoria.com.au
883:Indonesian Australians
689:Australian governments
622:White Australia Policy
577:Aboriginal Australians
392:White Australia Policy
284:Indonesian Australians
571:(and presumably also
300:Taiwanese Australians
280:Hong Kong Australians
270:Related ethnic groups
243:Chinese folk religion
124:Taiwanese Australians
888:Japanese Australians
853:History of Australia
675:in Australia, since
627:white-collar workers
587:were repatriated to
421:Japanese Australians
288:Japanese Australians
207:Varieties of Chinese
42:improve this article
2041:Australian citizens
908:Taiwanese Canadians
903:Taiwanese Americans
878:Chinese Australians
708:Taiwanese languages
681:British colonialism
660:are expected to be
276:Chinese Australians
125:
3225:South Sea Islander
1375:Taiwanese diaspora
1065:... They included
898:Overseas Taiwanese
712:Taiwanese Mandarin
677:Australian history
648:Australian English
569:Western New Guinea
565:South Seas Mandate
563:, people from the
512:birth certificates
445:), in the fertile
435:Greater Shepparton
376:civilian internees
374:NEI government as
362:(NEI) (historical
310:island country of
215:Formosan languages
183:Taiwanese Mandarin
175:Australian English
123:
3252:
3251:
3215:Papua New Guinean
1997:
1996:
1483:Asian Australians
1449:
1448:
1063:Dutch East Indies
728:second generation
716:Taiwanese Hokkien
297:
296:
191:Taiwanese Hokkien
118:
117:
110:
92:
3287:
2074:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1987:
1986:
1977:
1976:
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1086:Visit Shepparton
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1027:
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1005:
1004:
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971:
962:. Archived from
956:
950:
949:
947:
945:
931:
913:Taiwanese people
893:Overseas Chinese
829:
824:
823:
822:
815:
813:Australia portal
810:
809:
808:
664:. Unlike in the
618:mainland Chinese
573:Papua New Guinea
322:Taiwanese people
129:Total population
126:
122:
113:
106:
102:
99:
93:
91:
50:
26:
18:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3289:
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3255:
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3248:
3234:
3169:
2991:
2989:
2983:
2748:
2351:
2223:
2075:
2066:
2043:
2033:
2028:
1998:
1993:
1970:
1958:
1932:Organized crime
1920:
1899:
1765:
1639:
1574:
1565:
1485:
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1450:
1445:
1435:
1433:
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1411:
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1335:
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1302:
1286:
1282:
1272:
1270:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1237:
1236:
1229:
1222:Loveday Project
1214:
1210:
1200:
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1184:
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1143:
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1008:
994:
992:
984:
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966:on 11 June 2009
958:
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761:
720:Taiwanese Hakka
673:ethnic enclaves
644:
639:
614:
601:occupied Taiwan
593:Occupied Taiwan
557:New Caledonians
551:(possibly from
455:ethnic-Japanese
447:Goulburn Valley
423:
417:
409:
404:
380:Empire of Japan
199:Taiwanese Hakka
135:
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97:
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49:
39:
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12:
11:
5:
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3150:South Sudanese
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3132:
3127:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
2995:
2993:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2787:Northern Irish
2784:
2779:
2774:
2764:
2758:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2473:Fuzhou/Hokchiu
2470:
2460:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2443:
2433:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2406:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2361:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2189:Sierra Leonean
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2027:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1981:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1775:
1773:
1771:Southeast Asia
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1649:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1593:Fuzhou/Hokchiu
1584:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1495:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1456:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1431:
1419:
1407:
1395:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1364:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1341:
1333:
1332:
1307:
1300:
1280:
1255:
1243:Cultural Atlas
1227:
1208:
1182:
1163:
1137:
1109:
1091:
1073:
1035:
1006:
977:
951:
925:
924:
922:
919:
918:
917:
916:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
872:
871:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
831:
830:
816:
800:
797:
760:
757:
693:foreign policy
646:In Australia,
643:
640:
638:
635:
613:
610:
589:Occupied Japan
581:mixed-Japanese
567:, people from
561:New Hebrideans
463:Southeast Asia
416:
413:
408:
405:
403:
400:
295:
294:
272:
271:
267:
266:
223:
222:
218:
217:
171:
170:
166:
165:
143:
142:
138:
137:
131:
130:
119:
116:
115:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3292:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3247:
3243:
3240:according to
3237:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3203:New Zealander
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2497:East Timorese
2495:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2194:South African
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1990:
1982:
1980:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1964:According to
1961:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1801:East Timorese
1799:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1465:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1442:
1432:
1430:
1429:United States
1420:
1418:
1408:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1303:
1301:9780742517561
1297:
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1292:
1284:
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1234:
1232:
1223:
1219:
1212:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1178:
1174:
1167:
1152:
1148:
1141:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1114:
1105:
1104:Tatura Museum
1101:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1020:
1016:
1010:
1003:
991:
987:
981:
965:
961:
955:
940:
936:
930:
926:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
875:
873:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
835:
833:
832:
828:
827:Taiwan portal
817:
814:
803:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
756:
754:
750:
744:
742:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
704:
703:(1939â1945).
702:
698:
697:ethnic policy
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
671:
667:
666:United States
663:
659:
655:
654:
649:
634:
630:
628:
623:
619:
609:
605:
602:
598:
594:
590:
584:
582:
578:
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570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
513:
510:(Australian)
509:
505:
503:
497:
492:
488:
484:
483:collaboration
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
422:
412:
407:Early history
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
326:Han Taiwanese
323:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
219:
216:
212:
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196:
192:
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112:
109:
101:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59: â
58:
54:
53:Find sources:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
2992:North Africa
2767:Anglo-Celtic
2462:
2320:Puerto Rican
1965:
1952:South Asians
1634:
1491:Central Asia
1323:. Retrieved
1319:
1310:
1290:
1283:
1271:. Retrieved
1267:
1258:
1246:. Retrieved
1242:
1221:
1211:
1199:. Retrieved
1195:
1185:
1176:
1166:
1154:. Retrieved
1150:
1140:
1128:. Retrieved
1124:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1069:and Koreans.
1066:
1062:
1059:
1052:. Retrieved
1048:
1038:
1029:
1022:. Retrieved
1018:
1009:
1000:
993:. Retrieved
989:
980:
968:. Retrieved
964:the original
954:
942:. Retrieved
938:
929:
793:major cities
762:
745:
736:ethnic group
732:social class
710:, including
705:
701:World War II
651:
645:
631:
615:
606:
585:
499:
491:Asia-Pacific
451:World War II
424:
410:
368:World War II
353:
338:Austronesian
320:
299:
298:
262:
254:
246:
238:
235:Christianity
230:
210:
202:
194:
186:
178:
120:Ethnic group
104:
98:October 2017
95:
85:
78:
71:
64:
52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
3186:Indo-Fijian
3054:Palestinian
2988:Middle East
2914:Montenegrin
2690:Singaporean
2527:Indo-Fijian
2392:Bangladeshi
2387:Azerbaijani
2104:Cameroonian
1947:East Asians
1942:Stereotypes
1916:Immigration
1885:Singaporean
1675:Indo-Fijian
1653:Bangladeshi
1608:Hong Konger
1325:27 December
944:18 December
838:Australians
487:WWII Allies
388:immigration
355:Waishengren
350:Mainlanders
348:(14%) and "
336:, who have
330:Han Chinese
328:, who have
3259:Categories
3198:Ni-Vanuatu
2929:Portuguese
2904:Macedonian
2899:Lithuanian
2814:Belarusian
2732:Vietnamese
2695:Sri Lankan
2559:Indonesian
2335:Venezuelan
2325:Salvadoran
2310:Paraguayan
2305:Panamanian
2290:Guatemalan
2285:Ecuadorian
2219:Zimbabwean
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1645:South Asia
1019:WorldAtlas
921:References
759:Settlement
741:Chinatowns
670:Anglophone
579:(who were
419:See also:
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304:Australian
265: Other
251:Irreligion
68:newspapers
3029:Jordanian
2979:Ukrainian
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2653:Pakistani
2643:Mongolian
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2463:Taiwanese
2451:Cantonese
2446:Hong Kong
2431:Cambodian
2404:Bhutanese
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2275:Colombian
2265:Brazilian
2255:Argentine
2199:Tanzanian
2169:Mauritian
2119:Ethiopian
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1727:Pakistani
1717:Maldivian
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1417:Hong Kong
1393:Australia
970:7 October
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479:espionage
459:Australia
449:. During
431:Rushworth
396:Europeans
366:) during
364:Indonesia
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155:Melbourne
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3081:Assyrian
3074:Tunisian
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3039:Lebanese
3014:Egyptian
3009:Bahraini
3004:Algerian
2939:Romanian
2854:Estonian
2829:Croatian
2804:Austrian
2792:Scottish
2762:Albanian
2621:Bruneian
2591:Japanese
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2569:Balinese
2564:Acehnese
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2522:Gujarati
2507:Georgian
2502:Filipino
2382:Armenian
2342:Jamaican
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2295:Honduran
2260:Bolivian
2240:Canadian
2235:American
2228:Americas
2204:Togolese
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1937:Politics
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2409:Burmese
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2144:Ivorian
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2129:Gambian
2089:Angolan
1989:Commons
1911:General
1904:History
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1551:Turkmen
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1248:6 April
1054:25 June
1024:25 June
995:25 June
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545:Koreans
529:Hokkien
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489:in the
473:) were
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402:History
344:(70%),
82:scholar
3230:Tongan
3220:Samoan
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1201:7 June
1156:7 June
1130:7 June
783:) and
777:Sydney
575:) and
496:racist
457:(from
427:Tatura
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3208:MÄori
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3024:Iraqi
2974:Swiss
2874:Greek
2849:Dutch
2839:Czech
2797:Welsh
2782:Irish
2737:Hmong
2727:Uzbek
2712:Tatar
2707:Tajik
2700:Tamil
2631:Temoq
2547:Tamil
2478:Hoklo
2468:Hakka
2441:Hmong
2419:Karen
2280:Cuban
1873:Temoq
1848:Karen
1811:Hmong
1759:Tamil
1705:Tamil
1603:Hoklo
1598:Hakka
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2458:Mien
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1789:Chin
1327:2018
1296:ISBN
1275:2019
1250:2019
1203:2019
1158:2019
1132:2019
1056:2020
1026:2020
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