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10 appointed by the president of
Zanzibar, 5 exofficio members, and an attorney general appointed by the president. In May 2002, the government increased the number of special seats allocated to women from 10 to 15, which will increase the number of House of Representatives members to 81. Ostensibly, Zanzibar's House of Representatives can make laws for Zanzibar without the approval of the union government as long as it does not involve union-designated matters. The terms of office for Zanzibar's president and House of Representatives also are 5 years. The semiautonomous relationship between Zanzibar and the union is a relatively unique system of government.
76:
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become a member of the Union
Parliament. Changes to the Zanzibar Constitution in April 2002 allowed both the CCM and CUF parties to nominate members to the Zanzibar Electoral Commission. In May 2003, the Zanzibar Electoral Commission conducted by-elections to fill vacant seats in the parliament, including those seats vacated by the CUF boycott. Observers considered these by-elections, the first major test of the reconciliation agreement, to be free, fair, and peaceful. President Mkapa, Vice President
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755:, Tanzania undertook a number of political and economic reforms. In January and February 1992, the government decided to adopt multiparty democracy. Legal and constitutional changes led to the registration of 11 political parties. Two parliamentary by-elections in early 1994, both won by Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM), were the first-ever multiparty elections in Tanzanian history.
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For administrative purposes, Tanzania is divided into 30 regions—25 in the mainland and 5 on
Zanzibar. Ninety-nine districts have been created to further increase local authority. These districts are also now referred to as local government authorities. Currently there are 114 councils operating in
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Laws passed by the
National Assembly are valid for Zanzibar only in specifically designated union matters. Zanzibar's House of Representatives has jurisdiction over all non-union matters. There are currently 76 members in the House of Representatives in Zanzibar, including 50 elected by the people,
937:
The executive branch of the
Tanzanian government is responsible for implementing and enforcing the laws and policies of the country. It is headed by the President of the United Republic of Tanzania, who serves as both the head of state and the head of government. The President is elected for a term
793:
In
October 2001, the CCM and the CUF parties signed a reconciliation agreement that called for electoral reforms and set up a Commission of Inquiry to investigate the deaths that occurred in January 2001 on Pemba. The agreement also led to the President appointment of an additional CUF official to
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The executive branch in
Tanzania is responsible for overseeing the country's economic development, foreign affairs, defense, and internal security. It plays a key role in implementing policies aimed at promoting economic growth, improving living standards, and reducing poverty. It also works to
963:
The executive branch is further divided into ministries, each of which is responsible for a specific area of government policy. The ministers are appointed by the
President and are responsible for the day-to-day operations of their respective ministries. Each ministry is headed by a Permanent
813:
marked
Tanzania as a "hybrid regime", ranking it 90th out of 167, an improvement from 92nd the year before, but preceding a decline on a number of metrics as shown in subsequent Freedom House studies. By 2018, many of the factors taken into account by Freedom House had undergone a small but
1841:, ending in the federal Court of Appeal. The Zanzibar court system parallels the legal system of Mainland Tanzania, and all cases tried in Zanzibari courts, except for those involving constitutional issues and Islamic law, can be appealed to the Court of Appeals of the union.
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or Bunge has 393 seats — 264 elected by popular vote, 113 allocated to women chosen by their parties in proportion to their share of the electoral vote, 10 nominated by the president, five members chosen by the
Zanzibar House of Representatives, and the Attorney General as an
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Other important officials in the executive branch include the Attorney General, who is the principal legal adviser to the government, and the Chief Secretary, who is the head of the civil service and is responsible for ensuring the smooth functioning of the government.
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significant decline, with the most recent reports citing a marked deterioration in the rights of civil society and reduced the abilities of political opposition to criticize the Magufuli regime. Tanzania remains in the "Partly free" category as of 2018.
802:, and National Assembly members will serve until the next general elections in 2005. Similarly, Zanzibar President Karume and members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives also will complete their terms of office in 2005.
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to participate in the Parliament, the 48 special women's seats which were made up of 20% of the seats a particular party had in the House, 181 constituents seats of members of Parliament from the mainland, and 50 seats from
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of five years, and can be re-elected for a maximum of two terms. In the event a serving president dies or is incapacitated and the Vice President serves three-fourths of the current term, they cannot run for a second term.
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leader who led Tanganyika from colonial rule, was elected President in 1961. One of Africa’s most respected figures, Julius Nyerere was seen as a politician of principle and intelligence. Known as
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has its own House of Representatives to make laws especially for Zanzibar (the Zanzibar House of Representatives has 70 seats, directly elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms).
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members. The Constitution also empowers him to nominate 10 non-elected members of Parliament, who also are eligible to become cabinet members.
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maintain peace and stability within the country, and to build strong partnerships with other countries in the region and beyond.
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holds about 86% of the seats in the Assembly elected in 2005, and held 93% of seats in the previous Assembly elected in 2000.
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In mainland Tanzania, appeal is from the Primary Courts through the District Courts and Resident Magistrate Courts, to the
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became the new president after the sudden death of President John Magufuli. She is the first female President of Tanzania.
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in December 2015, Tanzania has witnessed a marked decline in respect for free expression, association and assembly.
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and bullets against demonstrators. Hundreds were injured, and state forces were reported to have attacked boats of
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In October 2000, Tanzania held its second multi-party general elections. The ruling CCM party’s candidate,
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Tanzania has a five-level judiciary, which comprises the jurisdictions of tribal, Islamic, and British
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by the people. The Vice President may also be assigned specific responsibilities by the President.
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99 districts, 22 are urban and 92 are rural. The 22 urban units are classified further as city (
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who serves as the government's leader in the National Assembly. The president selects his
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2151:. Association of Commonwealth Criminal Lawyers. Archived from the original on 2011-05-15
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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A commercial court was established in September 1999 as a division of the High Court.
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arranged in two ways, alphabetically by member and alphabetically by constituency.
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National Assembly elected in 2000 had 295 members. These 295 members included the
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The President is assisted in their duties by the Vice President, who is also
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The Judges of the Court of Appeal and the High Court are appointed by the
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Secretary, who is the chief administrative officer of the ministry.
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751:. Beginning in the mid-1980s, under the administration of President
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2123:"Tanzania swears in new president after sudden death of Magufuli"
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1154:. An overview on elections and election results is included in
740:(teacher), he proposed a widely acclaimed vision of education.
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From independence in 1961 until the mid-1980s, Tanzania was a
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Dar Helped Kick out Amin, so why isn't Uganda More Grateful?
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National Convention for Construction and Reform-Mageuzi
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is independent of the executive and the legislature.
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and parliament. The party system is dominated by the
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1848:. Judges of more junior courts are appointed by the
136:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1991:
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805:As of 2010, Tanzania was ranked Partly Free by
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1211:(unregistered) - Reverend Christopher Mtikila
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728:Full independence came in December 1961 and
2189:. Commonwealth Local Government Forum. 2017
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63:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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214:Learn how and when to remove this message
196:Learn how and when to remove this message
2283:Science, Technology and Higher Education
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3178:Natural resource and waste management
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2103:. Human Rights Watch. 17 January 2019
2072:"Freedom in the World 2018: Tanzania"
2031:. Freedom House. 2010. Archived from
2029:"Freedom in the World 2010: Tanzania"
1956:Democracy Index 2023: Age of Conflict
1814:Elections and referendums in Tanzania
1548:
1534:Elections and referendums in Zanzibar
1236:
1152:List of political parties in Tanzania
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978:
1105:list of current members of the Bunge
134:adding citations to reliable sources
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28:
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1992:Otieno, Christine (2 March 2001).
1825:
25:
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2149:"Tanzanian criminal court system"
2021:
2011:"Tanzania: Year In Review 2001".
1181:Chama cha Democracia na Maendeleo
1150:For other political parties, see
1127:Zanzibar House of Representatives
828:On 19 March 2021, Vice President
44:This article has multiple issues.
2623:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2393:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1994:"Eyewitness: Suspicion on Pemba"
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1125:, five members elected from the
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821:since the election of President
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263:is exercised by the government.
230:takes place in a framework of a
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2074:. Freedom House. Archived from
1974:from the original on 2024-06-09
1165:or CCM (Revolutionary Party) -
1146:Political parties and elections
121:needs additional citations for
52:or discuss these issues on the
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2090:
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2004:
1985:
1224:Union for Multiparty Democracy
848:shares a light moment with PM
13:
1:
2278:Natural Resources and Tourism
2258:Agriculture and Food Security
2251:
1941:
1089:National Assembly of Tanzania
2097:"Tanzania: Events of 2018".
747:, with a socialist model of
7:
3203:Water supply and sanitation
2100:World Report 2019: Tanzania
2051:Economist Intelligence Unit
1964:Economist Intelligence Unit
551:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
288:Economist Intelligence Unit
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917:Vice-President of Tanzania
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2243:by Charles Onyango-Obbo,
2168:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
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440:Chief Justice of Tanzania
277:Revolutionary State Party
83:This article needs to be
3245:House of Representatives
2378:Central African Republic
1865:Subdivisions of Tanzania
1859:Administrative divisions
1195:Augustine Lyatonga Mrema
902:Majaliwa Kassim Majaliwa
852:at the latter's hometown
730:Julius Kambarage Nyerere
658:House of Representatives
648:Revolutionary Government
2227:Prime Minister's Office
2014:Encyclopædia Britannica
1364:Parliamentary elections
1200:United Democratic Party
766:presidential election,
3183:Persecution of Albinos
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2783:East African Campaign
2218:East African Community
2047:"Democracy Index 2011"
1938:), and town councils.
1279:Presidential elections
1117:for 5-year terms. The
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641:Hemed Suleiman Abdalla
570:Diplomatic missions of
267:is vested in both the
145:"Politics of Tanzania"
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2801:Sultanate of Zanzibar
2538:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2398:Republic of the Congo
2263:Education and Culture
1271:Elections in Tanzania
1191:Tanzania Labour Party
1185:Freeman Aikaeli Mbowe
1156:Elections in Tanzania
1078:
1013:Ministers of Tanzania
843:
653:Revolutionary Council
245:President of Tanzania
3302:Politics of Tanzania
2806:Zanzibar slave trade
2035:on 15 December 2010.
1059:Water and Irrigation
857:Main office-holders
778:, where police used
749:economic development
724:Political conditions
635:Othman Masoud Sharif
302:Politics of Tanzania
228:politics of Tanzania
130:improve this article
18:Tanzanian Government
2828:Uganda–Tanzania War
2813:Zanzibar Revolution
2778:Maji Maji Rebellion
2613:States with limited
2324:Politics of Africa
2232:Tanzania Government
2211:Tanzania Parliament
1163:Chama Cha Mapinduzi
927:Chama Cha Mapinduzi
907:Chama Cha Mapinduzi
887:Chama Cha Mapinduzi
858:
830:Samia Suluhu Hassan
678:Tanzania portal
362:Samia Suluhu Hassan
273:Chama Cha Mapinduzi
3158:List of Tanzanians
3072:Telecommunications
2847:
2818:Arusha Declaration
2773:German East Africa
2078:on 8 February 2019
1228:Abdullah Fundikira
1217:or NCCR-Mageuzi -
1176:Seif Shariff Hamad
1172:Civic United Front
1085:
1071:Legislative branch
1049:Industry and Trade
856:
854:
819:Human Rights Watch
772:Seif Shariff Hamad
768:Abeid Amani Karume
445:Ibrahim Hamis Juma
290:rated Tanzania a "
257:multi-party system
253:head of government
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2413:Equatorial Guinea
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1094:ex officio member
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951:National Assembly
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911:20 November 2015
798:, Prime Minister
796:Ali Mohamed Shein
760:Benjamin W. Mkapa
753:Ali Hassan Mwinyi
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592:Visa requirements
544:Foreign relations
506:Political parties
476:Recent elections
265:Legislative power
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2129:. 19 March 2021
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811:Democracy Index
745:one-party state
732:(1922–1999), a
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688:
684:Other countries
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665:
664:
629:Vice Presidents
612:
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601:
582:Nationality law
578:
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521:
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510:
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472:
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435:
425:
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408:
398:
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391:Kassim Majaliwa
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304:
261:Executive power
220:
209:
208:
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202:
191:
185:
182:
139:
137:
127:
115:
100:
94:
91:
88:
79:
75:
38:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3315:
3305:
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3287:
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931:31 March 2021
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3133:Ethnic groups
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2453:Guinea-Bissau
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1582:Elections in
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1183:or CHADEMA -
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1054:Union Affairs
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922:Philip Mpango
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823:John Magufuli
820:
817:According to
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807:Freedom House
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374:Philip Mpango
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292:hybrid regime
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147: –
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141:Find sources:
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119:This article
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95:December 2020
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81:
72:
71:
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57:
56:
51:
50:
45:
40:
31:
30:
27:
19:
3123:Demographics
3044:Central bank
2964:Human rights
2937:Constitution
2919:
2791:British rule
2688:Saint Helena
2659:
2577:
2563:South Africa
2553:Sierra Leone
2358:Burkina Faso
2244:
2191:. Retrieved
2178:
2153:. Retrieved
2143:
2131:. Retrieved
2117:
2105:. Retrieved
2099:
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2076:the original
2066:
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2050:
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2023:
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1987:
1976:. Retrieved
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1896:Kigoma-Ujiji
1868:
1854:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1442:
1352:
1219:James Mbatia
1140:
1115:popular vote
1109:
1102:
1086:
1044:Home Affairs
970:
966:
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955:
940:
936:
882:Samia Suluhu
827:
816:
804:
792:
776:Pemba island
757:
742:
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727:
519:Subdivisions
494:
332:Human rights
325:Constitution
301:
285:
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235:presidential
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128:Please help
123:verification
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60:
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46:Please help
43:
26:
3240:Archipelago
3039:Agriculture
2968:LGBT rights
2615:recognition
2568:South Sudan
2458:Ivory Coast
2222:State House
2056:20 December
1839:High Courts
1793:Referendums
1081:Kigwangalla
1029:Environment
949:from among
809:. The 2011
786:fleeing to
597:Visa policy
574:in Tanzania
406:Legislature
294:" in 2022.
255:, and of a
186:August 2012
3163:Literature
3143:Healthcare
3056:(currency)
2979:Parliament
2948:High Court
2942:Corruption
2796:Tanganyika
2670:(Portugal)
2628:Somaliland
2548:Seychelles
2513:Mozambique
2498:Mauritania
2483:Madagascar
2438:The Gambia
2373:Cape Verde
2252:Ministries
2193:2023-04-16
2184:"Tanzania"
2155:2010-12-29
2127:Al Jazeera
1978:2024-07-22
1942:References
1832:common law
1812:See also:
1678:1961 (Jun)
1673:1961 (Jan)
1660:Parliament
1532:See also:
1204:John Cheyo
1187:(chairman)
1119:unicameral
844:President
457:High Court
418:Job Ndugai
345:Government
269:government
238:democratic
156:newspapers
49:improve it
3153:Languages
3128:Education
3082:Transport
3054:Shilling
3049:Companies
2989:President
2954:Elections
2901:Volcanoes
2871:Districts
2854:Geography
2503:Mauritius
1928:Shinyanga
1846:President
1592:President
1226:or UMD -
1202:or UDP -
1193:or TLP -
1174:or CUF -
877:President
734:socialist
617:President
531:Districts
482:General:
470:Elections
433:Judiciary
352:President
281:Judiciary
55:talk page
3296:Category
3276:Category
3217:Zanzibar
3193:Religion
3148:HIV/AIDS
3067:Taxation
2974:Military
2946:Courts (
2920:Politics
2906:Wildlife
2768:Timeline
2752:articles
2748:Tanzania
2694: /
2690: /
2683:(France)
2677: /
2655: /
2651: /
2603:Zimbabwe
2578:Tanzania
2428:Ethiopia
2423:Eswatini
2403:Djibouti
2368:Cameroon
2353:Botswana
2164:cite web
2133:8 August
2107:8 August
2082:8 August
1998:BBC News
1969:Archived
1912:Morogoro
1584:Zanzibar
1132:Zanzibar
1111:Tanzania
1098:Zanzibar
784:refugees
780:tear gas
764:Zanzibar
639:Second:
610:Zanzibar
587:Passport
556:Minister
247:is both
241:republic
3260:Outline
3225:History
3118:Culture
3108:Cuisine
3096:Society
3077:Tourism
3027:Economy
2932:Cabinet
2891:Regions
2876:Islands
2760:History
2679:RĂ©union
2675:Mayotte
2666:Madeira
2661:(Spain)
2657:Melilla
2588:Tunisia
2558:Somalia
2543:Senegal
2528:Nigeria
2518:Namibia
2508:Morocco
2473:Liberia
2468:Lesotho
2418:Eritrea
2388:Comoros
2363:Burundi
2338:Algeria
2268:Finance
2017:. 2002.
1924:Singida
1475:1988–89
1372:1958–59
1034:Finance
947:cabinet
862:Office
846:Kikwete
738:Mwalimu
633:First:
526:Regions
413:Speaker
279:). The
232:unitary
170:scholar
85:updated
3281:Portal
3235:Unguja
2896:Rivers
2866:Cities
2823:Ujamaa
2750:
2698:
2681:
2668:
2598:Zambia
2593:Uganda
2533:Rwanda
2488:Malawi
2448:Guinea
2343:Angola
2273:Health
2236:Curlie
1934:, and
1932:Tabora
1916:Musoma
1892:Iringa
1888:Dodoma
1884:Bukoba
1880:Arusha
1876:Mwanza
871:Since
868:Party
172:
165:
158:
151:
143:
3267:Index
3230:Pemba
3198:Sport
3173:Music
3168:Media
2881:Lakes
2653:Ceuta
2573:Sudan
2523:Niger
2478:Libya
2463:Kenya
2443:Ghana
2433:Gabon
2408:Egypt
2348:Benin
2288:Works
2187:(PDF)
1972:(PDF)
1959:(PDF)
1936:Tanga
1908:Mbeya
1904:Moshi
1900:Lindi
1079:Hon.
865:Name
850:Pinda
788:Kenya
177:JSTOR
163:books
3138:Flag
3112:wine
3011:List
2994:List
2583:Togo
2493:Mali
2383:Chad
2170:link
2135:2021
2109:2021
2084:2021
2058:2011
1874:and
1800:2010
1784:2020
1779:2016
1774:2015
1769:2010
1764:2005
1759:2000
1754:1995
1738:2020
1733:2016
1728:2015
1723:2010
1718:2005
1713:2003
1708:2000
1703:1995
1698:1990
1693:1985
1688:1980
1683:1963
1668:1957
1650:2020
1645:2016
1640:2015
1635:2010
1630:2005
1625:2000
1620:1995
1615:1990
1610:1985
1605:1984
1600:1980
1520:2019
1515:2014
1510:2009
1505:2005
1500:2004
1495:2000
1490:1999
1485:1994
1480:1993
1470:1983
1465:1964
1460:1963
1443:2025
1437:2020
1432:2015
1427:2010
1422:2005
1417:2000
1412:1995
1407:1990
1402:1985
1397:1980
1392:1975
1387:1970
1382:1965
1377:1960
1353:2025
1347:2020
1342:2015
1337:2010
1332:2005
1327:2000
1322:1995
1317:1990
1312:1985
1307:1980
1302:1975
1297:1970
1292:1965
1287:1962
495:2025
489:2020
484:2015
385:list
356:list
286:The
251:and
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149:news
2234:at
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