1772:
13624:[In order to determine demographic mobility and understand the effect of Crimean and Caucasian immigration, we should use the summary population data from 1859-1860 as a basis... And we must keep in mind that even though the Silistra and Mecidiye kazas were heavily settled, they had not been included in the results. In the period from 1859-1860 to 1874, the Muslim population of the region, apart from the Nis Sanjak, went up from 261,522 to 481,798 males, an increase of 84.23% (220,276 males); while the non-Muslim population went up from 430,065 to 659,253 males, or an increase of 53.29% (229,188 males), which led to an increase in the total population from 691,587 to 1,141,051, or 65.02%. In the process, the percentage of Muslims increased from 37.81% to 42.22%, while non-Muslims decreased from 62.19% to 57.88%. Therefore, between 1859-1860 and 1874, the male/female-aggregated population of the region increased by 898,928 people, of whom 440,552 were Muslims and 458,376 were non-Muslims. According to this data, the Crimean and Caucasian immigrants who were settled in the Danube vilayet, apart from the Nis Sanjak, should be sought among these 440,552 Muslims, while taking into account the natural population growth in the Muslim population]
8920:
also exacerbated droughts in those regions. Rice was a staple crop for the Turks and in its prohibition many of them saw yet another sign of unacceptable
Bulgarian domination. An even more important impulse to Turkish emigration was the Bulgarian land tax of 1882. After the abolition of feudalism in the 1830s use of that land conferred temporary wardship upon the user, and thus the tithe which had been the main levy on land until 1882 conformed to traditional Islamic codes of thought and practice. The land tax did not. Furthermore, land tax applied to all land in a man's possession not, as under the tithe, merely to that part which had been cultivated. This hit the Turks hard for they customarily left a large proportion, in many cases as much as half, of their land fallow. Taxation now fell on the fallow land too but production and earnings could not be increased by the same proportion and as a result many of the remaining Turkish owners of large estates left Rumelia. Significantly 1882 was the peak year for the sale of larger Turkish properties in Rumelia, though the sale of such properties continued steadily throughout the first half of the 1880s. From the end of the war to the summer of 1880 only six large Turkish chifliks in
12980:
is one-sided and only partly true, for it ignores the differences in growth rates between Muslim and non-Muslim groups. The non-Muslim population actually grew at a fairly fast rate after the 1830s—probably 2 percent annually; the Muslim population declined or remained the same in number. There are indications, however, that fertility rates among the
Muslims began to increase after 1850. The causes of the disproportionate fertility rates among the two groups are to be found in the special economic and social conditions which favored non-Muslims and penalized the Muslims, especially Turks. Male Turks spent their peak reproductive years in military service and were unable to marry and settle down to take advantage of economic opportunities. Then, when in the nineteenth century the Ottoman state was exposed to the influence of the European capitalist economy and to intensified internal and international trade, several non-Muslim groups became the early recipients of the economic benefits—and the promoters as well—of the new economic system.
7235:
Bulgarians who were
Turkified, and that they voluntarily chose to change their Turkish/Muslim names to Bulgarian/Slavic ones. During this period the Bulgarian authorities denied all reports of ethnic repression and that ethnic Turks existed in the country. During the name-changing phase of the campaign, Turkish towns and villages were surrounded by army units. Citizens were issued new identity cards with Bulgarian names. Failure to present a new card meant forfeiture of salary, pension payments, and bank withdrawals. Birth or marriage certificates would be issued only in Bulgarian names. Traditional Turkish costumes were banned; homes were searched and all signs of Turkish identity removed. Mosques were closed or demolished. Turkish names on gravestones were replaced with Bulgarian names. According to estimates reported by the Federal Research Division of the US Library of Congress, 500 to 1,500 people were killed when they resisted assimilation measures, and thousands of others were sent to labor camps or were forcibly resettled.
8470:. The Ottoman army has also been accused of attacking Muslim non-combatants and using refugees to shield their retreat. Certainly many perished of hardship during their flight. The number of casualties is uncertain, it is estimated at tens of thousands. The figure of refugees is uncertain too, Professor Richard Crampton estimates it as an exodus of 130,000–150,000 people of whom approximately half returned for an intermediary period encouraged by the Congress of Berlin in 1878, while Dr. Hupchick claims that the refugees were 500,000. Atrocities against the Turks and Pomaks committed by Russian troops and Bulgaria units are also described in the 1878 Rhodope Commission signed by French, Italian, English and Turkish representatives. The Commission points out the burning of 80 Muslim villages after signing the armistice and a number of other war crimes against the Muslim civilian population. The Commission presents the figure of 150,000 refugees in and around the Rhodope Mountains.
5517:
13622:
ve 536.748 Gayrimüslim nüfus kaydedilmiş olduğunu hatırlatmalıyız. 1859–1860'tan 1874'e kadar Niş Sancağı hariç bölgedeki Müslüman nüfus, %84,23 (220.276 kişi) artışla 261.522'den 481.798'e; Gayrimüslim nüfus %53,29 (229.188 kişi) artışla 430.065'den 659.253'e ve toplam nüfus ise %65,02 artışla 691.587'den 1.141.051'e yükselmiştir. Bu süreçte Müslüman nüfus oranı %37,81'den %42,22'ye çıkarken, Gayrimüslim nüfus oranı %62,19'dan %57,88'e gerilemiştir. Dolayısıyla 1859–1860 ile 1874 yılları arasında kadınlarla birlikte bölgedeki nüfus 440.552'si Müslüman ve 458.376'sı Gayrimüslim olmak üzere 898.928 kişi artmıştır. Bu verilere göre, Niş Sancağı dışında Tuna bölgesinde iskân edilen Kırım ve Kafkas muhacirleri, Müslüman nüfustaki doğal nüfus artışı da göz önünde bulundurularak söz konusu 440.552 Müslüman nüfus içinde aranmalıdır.
9551:
8536:. The short-lived republic had a population of over 230 000 of which app. 80% were Turks and Pomaks. Western Thrace was left to Bulgaria with the Istanbul agreement signed on 29 September 1913 which guaranteed the rights of Turks living in the region. The region stayed under Bulgarian control until 1919. Since Bulgarians comprised only a fraction of the population of Western Thrace ceding the territory to Bulgaria was seen as an unacceptable option by both the population of Western Thrace and Turkey at that time. Having lost the territory in 1913 the Ottoman State intended to keep the area mainly Turkish populated with hopes of one day regaining Western Thrace. A convention signed between Bulgaria and Turkey in 1925 allowed the emigration of approximately 700,000 Turks from Bulgaria to Turkey up to 1940.
9668:
Turkish language teaching in the schools of
Turkish ethnic districts. In 1991 the Popov government took initial steps in this direction, but long delays brought massive Turkish protests, especially in Kurdzhali. In mid-1991 continuing strikes and protests on both sides of the issue had brought no new discussions of compromise. Frustration with unmet promises encouraged Turkish separatists in both Bulgaria and Turkey, which in turn fueled the ethnocentric fears of the Bulgarian majority —and the entire issue diverted valuable energy from the national reform effort. The problem was mostly solved in 1991. In the same year a new constitution was adopted which guaranteed citizen with a native language other than Bulgarian the right to study and use their language.
9563:
9356:
were violently suppressed by police and the military forces. On 6 May, members of the
Turkish community initiated mass hunger strikes and demanded the restitution of their Muslim names and civil liberties in accordance with the country's constitution and international treaties signed by Bulgaria. The participants were members of the "Democratic League" and the "Independent Association". The regime responded with mass detentions and the deportation of activists to foreign countries such as Austria and Turkey. Individuals were driven to the Yugoslav, Romanian or Turkish borders, presented with a tourist passport and extradited without even having a chance of contacting their families first. The mass demonstration in major cities and the regions like
9703:, was imprisoned in 1986. Founded in 1990 to represent the interests of the Turkish ethnic minority, the MRF gained twenty three seats in the first parliamentary election that year, giving it the fourth-largest parliamentary voting bloc. Its agenda precluded mass media coverage or building coalitions with other parties, because of the strong anti-Turkish element in Bulgaria's political culture. By mid-1991, the UDF had held only one joint demonstration with the MRF; their failure to reconcile differences was considered a major weakness in the opposition to the majority BSP. In early 1990, the MRF protested vigorously but unsuccessfully its exclusion from national round table discussions among the major Bulgarian parties.
9575:
9632:
Bulgarians were promised that
Bulgarian would remain the official language and that no movement for autonomy or separatism would be tolerated. Especially in areas where Turks outnumbered Bulgarians, the latter feared progressive "Islamification" or even invasion and annexation by Turkey—a fear that was based on the traditional enmity after the Ottoman rule and had been stirred up after the 1974 invasion of Cyprus. This had been part of the propaganda during by the Zhivkov assimilation campaign and was revived by politicians in post-Communist Bulgaria. Because radical elements of the Turkish population did advocate separatism, however, the non-annexation provision of the compromise was vital.
9045:" anti-Muslim decisions of the previous government. This included banning the "Rodina" organization, re-establishing the closed Turkish minority schools and founding new ones. The new constitution had many provisions regarding minority protection and in particular guaranteed the right to mother tongue education and free development of culture for all national minorities. Further legislation required new Turkish minority textbooks to be issued and allocation of air time for radio broadcasts in Turkish. For the first time since the ban by the previous regime, Turkish-language newspapers and magazines and Turkish-language editions of Bulgarian press were launched, starting in 1945, including
8394:(sultan's property and service) system had allowed a small number of architects to control all significant imperial and most vakif building sites over the vast territories of the empire. In the 18th century the empire was opened to Western influence. By the late 18th century a growing number of Ottoman Christians were recruited. Until the very end of the Ottoman state the master builders maintained a cultural equilibrium between the Ottoman spirit and architectural innovation both in the Balkans and Anatolia. Turkish, Slavic, and Greek masters combining Western styles with Ottoman views extended the architectural landscape with one of the best examples being the
9218:, some 3,000 Turkish protesters from the nearby smaller villages confronted Bulgarian security forces and demanded to have their original identification papers back. The Bulgarian security forces managed to disperse the crowd claiming that they have no idea where their identification papers were and urged them to go back to their villages and inquire from the local mayors. The large police presence was explained with undergoing security forces "exercise manoeuvres". After returning to their towns and discovering that the local municipality didn't have their passports and ID documentation the crowd headed back, this time more decisively, towards the town of
8762:. As the Turks fled many Bulgarians seized some of the land now made vacant. The incidence of seizure varied regionally. In the north-east the Turks were numerous and, feeling safety in numbers, few of them had left and those remaining were therefore strong enough to discourage seizures by Bulgarians. In the north and south-west on the other hand almost all Turks had fled and their lands were immediately taken over by local Bulgarians who often divided up the large estates found in these areas. In the remainder of northern Bulgaria transfers, often under the cloak of renting, took place in approximately one third of the communities. In the
7705:
2311:
1728:(47.8% Turks vs. 37.7% Bulgarians). Even though they do not constitute the majority of the population in any provincial capital, according to the census, 38.4% of Bulgarian Turks live in urban settlements and 61.6% live in villages. According to the census, 13.8% of Turks are in the age bracket 0–14 years (12.0% for ethnic Bulgarians), 66.3% in the age bracket 15-64 (63.1% for ethnic Bulgarians) and 19.8% in the age bracket 65+ (25.0% for ethnic Bulgarians). It is important to note, that it is difficult to establish accurately the number of the Turks and that it is likely that the census numbers are an overestimate because some
9640:(MRF). At that point, ethnic Bulgarians, many remaining from the Zhivkov regime, still held nearly all top jobs in government and industry, even in the predominantly Turkish Kurdzhali Province. Parts of Bulgarian society felt threatened by the rise of the MRF. The Bulgarian National Radical Party (BNRP) threatened to surround the Bulgarian Parliament building on the day of the newly elected legislature was scheduled to convene. The BNRP protested the participation of ethnic Turks in the National Assembly and the teaching of Turkish language as a standard curriculum in secondary school with large numbers of Turkish students.
200:
90:
8477:, the Russian aim was to inflict massive Muslim civilian casualties. The victims are put into four categories: 1) battle casualties 2) murders by Bulgarian and Russian troops 3) denial of necessities for life leading to starvation and death from disease 4) death caused by refugee status. Members of the European press who covered the war in Bulgaria reported on the Russian atrocities against Muslims. Witness accounts from Shumen and Razgrad describe children, women and elderly wounded by sabres and lances. They stated that the entire Muslim population of many villages had been massacred.
9392:, their families and other Turkish activists. People were given 24 hours to gather their luggage before being driven to the border with Turkey in special convoys. Under psychological pressures and fear these were followed by hundreds of thousands. There were also cases where activists of Turkish movements pressured Turks to leave. During the protests in May, the Turkish population effectively abandoned their workplaces in the industrial and agricultural sector. The loss of hundreds of thousands of workers had severe consequences on the production cycle and the whole Bulgarian economy.
1104:
8078:
1116:
7801:
7789:
13586:(40.51% vs. 59.49%) is close to each other, even though a number of immigrants had not been included in the 1865 registry. This indicates that the fertility rate and population growth rate among Bulgarians and other non-Muslim population is higher than among Turks and other Muslims. Despite this, the relative ratio of the population is preserved thanks to the Crimean and Caucasian immigrants settled in the province, and the ratio of Muslims has even increased slightly. Looking at the data of 1859-1860, this issue is understood more clearly.]
9824:, the Movement for Rights and Freedoms gained 11.3% of the vote, it keeps 36 seats and remains the third largest voting bloc. The party won the elections in five regions where the Muslim population resides – Kardzhali, Razgrad, Silistra, Targovishte and Shumen provinces; the party also wins abroad with 49% of the vote, in general the most polling stations and voters in a foreign country wherever were in Turkey, from where the party included 50,000 votes more to its result of 350,000 votes. Another Turkish party, founded in 2011 and headed by
7693:
3315:
8415:
8660:: Owned by Mahmut Necmettin Deliorman the newspaper started its publications on 21 October 1922 in Razgrad with Ahmet Ihsan as its head editor. Between 1923 and 1925 Mustafa Şerif Alyanak took on the job of head editor with weekly editions. Deliorman also functioned as the main publication for the Turkish Union of Sport's Clubs in Bulgaria. Turkish columnists such as Hasip Saffeti, Ahmet Aytuna, Hafiz Ismail Hakki, Yahya Hayati, Hüsmen Celal, Çetin Ebuşinasi and Hasan Sabri were household names in Deliorman.
218:
9711:
5151:
9707:
The MRF took this step partly to avoid the constitutional prohibition of political parties based on ethnic or religious groups. The group's specific goals were ensuring that the new constitution protect ethnic minorities adequately; introducing
Turkish as an optional school subject; and bringing to trial the leaders of the assimilation campaign in the 1980s. To calm Bulgarian concerns, the MRF categorically renounced Islamic fundamentalism, terrorism, and ambitions for autonomy within Bulgaria.
9719:
9617:
Turkish birth given names. Also in 1991, the
Institutition of the Spiritual leader of the Muslims in Bulgaria, the Grand Mufti's Office was founded. In 1991 a new Constitution was adopted granting citizens of non-Bulgarian origin a wide range of rights and lifting the legislative ban on teaching in Turkish. In January of the same year another law was adopted allowing the Turks to change their names or "strike out" their Slavonic endings like "ov", "ova", "ev", "eva" within three years.
164:
9191:
forbid the use of the
Turkish language and close down the mosques. The assimilation campaign was sold to the ethnic Bulgarian majority as an attempt for national "revival" and was called by the authorities "The Revival Process". The ideology behind the term, originally used for the less publicized attempts at assimilation of the Pomaks in the early 1970s, was the claim that the targeted minority had originally been Bulgarian before its conversion or assimilation during the period of
8860:
were substantiated would be deprived of his lands. This decree, more than anything else, discouraged the return of more Turks and from the date of this enactment the flow of returning refugees began gradually to diminish. There were, however, many claims still to be dealt with and in
November 1878 mixed Turkish and Bulgarian commissions were established in all provinces to examine these claims. The decisions were to be made in accordance with rules drawn up by the Russian embassy in
9699:, though a former Bulgarian communist agent himself, his main philosophy was against the communist regime. At the moment of registration it had 33 members, at present, according to the organization's website, 68000 members plus 24000 in the organization's youth wing. With 120,000 members, the Movement for Rights and Freedoms (MRF) was the fourth largest political organization in Bulgaria in 1991, but it occupied a special place in the political process. The leader of the movement,
4864:'s 126,924 Muslims in 1878 into 48,783 Turks, 71,146 Crimean Tatars and 6,994 Circassians. Given that there were 53,059 "established Muslims" and 2,954 Circassians in the Tulça sanjak in 1875 and 6,675 additional Muslims in the kaza of Mankalya in 1873, that these numbers only refer to males and that recalculating them to include females would more than double them to approx. 125,000, it is indisputable that Crimean Tatars were not only counted, but counted as established Muslims.
8307:
7191:, based on the official Ottoman Census of the Adrianople Vilayet in 1875, the total population of the vilayet stood at 1,594,185 people, of whom 557,692 (34.98%) were Muslims, 45,418 (2.84%) were Muslim Romani, 937, 054 (58.78%) were Bulgarians and Greeks, 16,432 (1.03%) were Jews, 16,194 (1.02%) were Armenians, 12,144 (0.76%) were Roman Catholics and 9,252 (0.58%) were Christian Romani. The extent of the vilayet and the constituent sanjaks were the same, as reported by Karpat.
8349:
7765:
7753:
7741:
7729:
7777:
7717:
8614:: Founded in 1904 by Etem Ruhi Balkan. After the first three editions the newspaper's name was changed to Balkan. Daily editions were published until the eruption of the Balkan Wars in 1912. The newspaper was also printed by Maullimi Mehmet Mahri and Halil Zeki Bey. Since Etem Ruhi was often imprisoned the management of the newspaper shifted to Hüsnü Mahmut in 1912 and 1917 Halil Ibrahim became the head editor. The newspaper ended its publications in 1920.
8321:
2510:
19631:
9211:
from smaller towns and villages attempted to march and enter larger towns and villages to find a government official with greater jurisdiction who would be able to explain why the Turks were being targeted and when they would be able to reinstate their Turkish names and receive back their original identification documents. Often these larger towns of central administration were unreachable since they were besieged by Bulgarian security forces.
128:
7900:
326:
9259:
village entrance but were blasted with water mixed with sand coming from the hoses of the fire fighting trucks. Some of the security forces opened fire directly at the villagers and several civilians were wounded and killed. The wounded from bullets attempted to seek help from hospitals but were refused medical treatment. There are reports of incarcerated Turks committing "suicide" while held for police questioning. In demonstrations in
236:
19643:
9861:
146:
3395:, the Tatar and Circassian colonisation of the vilayet not only offset the heavy Muslim population losses earlier in the century, but also counteracted continuted population loss and led to an increase in its Muslim population. In this connection, Karpat also refers to the material differences between Muslim and non-Muslim fertility rates, with non-Muslims growing at the rate of 2% per annum and Muslims usually averaging 0%.
12595:
9676:
newspapers and magazines are published: the "Müslümanlar" ("Muslims"), "Hak ve Özgürlük" ("Right and freedom"), "Güven" ("Trust"), "Jır-Jır" ("Cricket", a magazine for children), "Islam kültürü" ("Islamic culture"), "Balon", "Filiz". In Turkey summer holidays for the Turkish children living in Bulgaria are organized. During the holidays the children are taught the Koran, Turkish literature, Turkish history and language.
2934:
1522:
182:
1771:
8069:
8335:
1763:; by comparison, 29.2% and 50.5% of Bulgarians, respectively, held university degree and secondary school diplomas; the corresponding percentages for Romani are 0.8% and 14.4%. Though the majority of Bulgarians have negative feelings towards Romani, it is estimated that just 15% of Bulgarians have negative feelings against Turks, though it is unclear how much this is against the Bulgarian Turks.
9647:(OPT) was established as the political wing of the National Committee for Defense of National Interests (CDNI). According to its own historiography the OPT emerged due to pressure from ordinary Bulgarian citizens who were outraged by the fact that the MRF was allowed to participate in the 1990 elections. CDNI members were mainly small-shop owners, artisans, farmers and elements of the local
7842:
2876:
1464:
9091:
12593:
8634:. After 415 editions the newspaper ended its operations, however on 13 October 1908 the publications of Tuna resumed after a group of intellectual Turks established a separate company designated to meet the needs for a Turkish daily newspaper in the region. The main contributors in the new Tuna newspaper were Tahir Lütfi Bey, Hafız Abdullah Meçik and Kizanlikli Ali Haydar.
13577:
genelinde doğurganlık oranının ve nüfus artış hızının Türk ve diğer Müslüman unsurlardan daha yüksek olduğunu; buna rağmen vilâyette iskân edilen Kırım ve Kafkas muhacirleri sayesinde nüfus yüzdelerinin korunduğu gibi, Müslüman nüfus oranının bir miktar arttığını göstermektedir. 1859-1860 verilerine bakıldığında bu husus daha net olarak anlaşılmaktadır.
3302:, the population of present-day Bulgaria in 1831 stood at 2,006,845 people, of whom 1,198,946 Orthodox Christians (undercounted because of the missing data), 733,078 Muslims, 70,595 Romani, 2,836 Jews and 1,390 Armenians. However, assuming that 20-40 % of men aged 15–60 were either infirm or untaxable for another reason, as suggested by Ottomanist
9129:, continuing the practice of the pre-Communist regime. Some of the methods used by "Rodina" were adopted by the Communist regime and the Pomaks were systematically targeted mainly in 1964 and 1970–1974. There are numerous examples of the brutality employed during these forced assimilation operations such as the events in March 1972 in the village of
17101:
15553:
9695:
wounding 9. Three of the members were sentenced to death for the bombing and executed. On 4 January 1990 the activists of the movement, registered an organization with the legal name Movement for Rights and Freedom (MRF) (in Bulgarian: Движение за права и свободи: in Turkish: Hak ve Özgürlükler Hareketi) in Varna, headed by
9301:
re-defined itself as Muslim and distinct. Bulgarians came to be seen as occupiers and oppressors and protest demonstrations took place in some of the bigger villages in the southern and northern Turk enclaves. Moreover, the Turkish community received the solidarity of Bulgarian intellectuals and opponents of the regime.
9347:(MRF). It used civil disobedience and focused on providing information to the outside world of the physical persecution and suppression suffered by the Turks. The activities of the movement consisted of peaceful demonstrations and hunger strikes with the goal of restoring civil liberties and basic human rights.
4848:, causing speculation as to whether they were counted and how. For example, French diplomat Aubaret assumes that neither Circassians, nor Tatars were included in the Ottoman records and just adds 310,000 Muhacir to the rest of the numbers in his estimates. Contemporary European geographers, e.g. German-English
13174:"Up until the Treaty of Berlin, the Dobruca region, which the Muslim population at the center of this study inhabited, consisted of the entire sancak (district) of Tulça (with the kazas of Babadağı, Hırşova, Sünne, Köstence, Maçin, and Mecidiye) and one of the four kazas of the sancak of Varna (Mankalya)."
5138:(215,828 and 71,146+6,994) stands at 293,968, a number that is consistent with Kemal Karpat's estimate of 200,000–300,000 Muhacir, Turkish historian Nedim İpek's estimate of 300,000 Muhacir, Bulgarian Ottomanist Muchinov's estimate of 350,000–400,000 Muhacir, Ottoman statesman and Danube Vilayet Governor,
8513:
1881 the Turkish-speaking people in Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia were about 700,000 and represented 24.9% of the population, yet by the 1892 census the proportion was 17.21 percent and by the 1910 census 11.63%; in the same years the Bulgarian speaking people were 67.84%, 75.67% and 81.63% of the total.
12979:
The assessment of fertility rates is an absolute necessity for the understanding of the growth rate of the Ottoman population. It is generally assumed that during the first thirtv years of the nineteenth century the Ottoman population decreased, beginning to increase again after 1850. This assumption
9667:
These conditions forced the government to find a balance between Turkish demands and demonstrations for full recognition of their culture and language, and some Bulgarians' concerns about preferential treatment for the ethnic minority. In 1991 the most important issue of the controversy was restoring
8973:
the government also took possession of Turkish land which had been vacant for three years. A number of returning Turkish refugees who demanded restitution of or compensation for their lands were denied both on the grounds that they had without duress left their property unworked for three years. Land
8960:
could afford such bold stance as there was little danger of direct Ottoman intervention over the land question. There was a constant stream of emigration by Turks from Bulgaria and by the early 1890s so many Turks had left the former Turkish stronghold of north-eastern Bulgaria that the government in
8919:
by regulations which affected the cultivation of rice – which was originally introduced to the region by the Turks. This was part of a project to eradicate malaria that included also draining of swamps in the Tundzha, Arda, and Maritsa Basins. The project succeeded in eradicating malaria, however, it
8836:
sovereignty at least 80,000 of the 150,000 Turkish émigrés had returned by September 1878. This caused enormous problems including housing the returning Turks whose property had been taken over by Bulgarians or destroyed. In September local authorities ordered that any houses taken over by Bulgarians
8690:
by Lütfi Takanoğlu. Rodop focused on the rights, freedoms and national matters of the Turkish population in Bulgaria. Most known writers in Rodop were Mustafa Şerif Alyanak and Ömer Kaşif Nalbandoğlu. As many other Turkish newspapers in Bulgaria Rodop was forced to stop its operations during 1934 and
8480:
The Ottoman army committed numerous atrocities against Christians during its retreat, most notably the complete devastation of Stara Zagora and the surrounding region, which might have provoked some of the attacks against ethnic Turks. There were also returning in the homeland Bulgarian refugees from
7246:
passed laws to restore the cultural rights of the Turkish population. In 1991 a new law gave anyone affected by the name-changing campaign three years to officially restore original names and the names of children born after the name change. In January 1991, Turkish-language lessons were reintroduced
4871:
In this connection, Koyuncu notes the tremendous rate of increase in the Muslim population of the five Bulgarian sanjaks and Tulça of 84.23% (220,276 males) vs. 53.29% (229,188 males) for Non-Muslims from 1860 to 1875 despite the higher natural rate of increase in Non-Muslims and attributes it to the
1282:
confirms with Y-chromosomal analysis on STR that there are significant differences between the three ethnic groups. The study revealed a high number of population-specific haplotypes, 54 haplotypes among 63 tested Turkish males from the Bulgarian DNA bank and fathers from routine paternity cases born
13576:
Ancak, en dikkat çekici nokta, Kuyûd-ı Atîk'de yazılmamış olan muhacirlerin ilave edilmiş olmasına rağmen Tahrir-i Cedid'deki Müslim-Gayrimüslim nüfus yüzdesi (%42,22-%57,78) ile Kuyûd-ı Atîk'deki nüfus yüzdelerinin (%40,51-%59,49) birbirine yakın oluşudur. Bu durum, Bulgarlarda ve Gayrimüslim nüfus
13012:
The percentage of the Muslim population in the Rumili increased substantially after 1860. There is no question that this increase resulted from the immigration of the Tatars and Circassians. The immigration not only made up for the heavy losses suffered in the various wars fought since 1812 but also
9781:
party. The ministries under the control of the Movement of Rights and Freedoms increased to 3 out of 18. In the budget of 2008, MRF directed a large parts of the subsidies for agriculture to tobacco growers (which are predominantly Turks, Pomaks, and Romani) leaving staple crops, like wheat, without
9706:
In 1991 the MRF broadened its platform to embrace all issues of civil rights in Bulgaria, aiming "to contribute to the unity of the Bulgarian people and to the full and unequivocal compliance with the rights and freedoms of mankind and of all ethnic, religious, and cultural communities in Bulgaria."
9694:
organization called the National Liberation Movement of the Turks in Bulgaria was formed in Bulgaria which headed the Turkish community's opposition movement and is responsible for several terrorist acts such as one at the train station at Bunovo which was targeted at a train killing 6 civilians and
9675:
Since 1992, the Turkish language teachers of Bulgaria have been trained in Turkey. At the initial stage only textbooks published in Turkey were used for teaching Turkish, later on, in 1996, Bulgaria's Ministry of Education and Science began publishing the manuals of the Turkish language. A number of
9594:
The Bulgarian Parliamentary Committee on Human Rights and Religious Freedom approved in February 2010 a declaration, condemning the Communist regime's attempt to forcefully assimilate the country's ethnic Turkish population. The Committee declared the forceful expulsion of 360 000 Turks in 1989 as a
9210:
was held under siege by Bulgarian security forces some 200 Turkish villagers from the smaller nearby towns attempted to break the siege and protest for the return of their passports and reinstatement of their Turkish names. This pattern repeated in many areas in Bulgaria populated with Turks. People
9108:
identity in 1971–1974). One of the main aspects of these campaigns was the forced name-changing episodes of the country's Muslim population, in addition to efforts to obliterate traditional clothing, prohibit Muslim customs and deny the use of Turkish language. Apart from these violent episodes, the
9099:
Starting in 1956, the regime gradually began to embark on a long-term assimilation policy towards the Turks, which was routinely pursued with more or less intensity until the end of Communist rule and culminated in two periods of intensive campaigns, each lasting several years. The most wide-ranging
9094:
The Imaret Mosque, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, also known as the Sehabüddin Pasha Mosque, built in 1444; during the late 1980s, the grounds of the mosque were turned into rubbish tip; this photograph was taken in 1987. Today, this mosque is again in use and is also a branch of the Archeological Museum, and a
9007:
Following the First World War the Bulgarian government provided financial assistance to the Turkish schools and their number grew to 1,712 with 60,481 pupils. As the fascist regime gained power in 1934, Turkish school, which had adopted the Latin alphabet following the reforms in Turkey, were forced
8285:
control and administration, with most Christians gradually withdrawing to the mountains. Historical evidence shows that the Ottomans embarked on a systematic policy of creating new towns and repopulating older towns that had suffered significant population decline and economic dislocation during the
7151:
Thus, the male-female aggregated population of Eastern Rumelia prior to the Russo-Turkish War consisted of 595,528 Orthodox Bulgarians and Greeks (62.6%), 7,284 Catholic Bulgarians (0.8%), 6,616 Orthodox Romani (0.7%), 1,370 Armenians (0.1%) and 5,806 Jews (0.6%) as well as of 256,740 Turks (27.0%),
13621:
Demografik hareketliliğin tespiti ve Kırım ve Kafkas muhacirlerinin etkisinin anlaşılabilmesi için 1859–1860 icmal nüfus verileri esas alınmalıdır... Buna göre, Kırım muhacirlerinin yoğun olarak iskân edildikleri Mecidiye ile Sünne sancakları yazılmadığı halde, 1859–1860'ta bölgede 284.934 Müslüman
9663:
area inhabited by a large number of Turks. The nationalists declared an "independent Bulgarian republic" and refused to recognize Sofia's authority over the region. In late November the "Razgrad Republic" was renamed the Association of Free Bulgarian Cities, linking several towns with large Turkish
9300:
The regime's violence did achieve its immediate aims. All Turks had been registered with Slavic names, Turkish was forbidden in public and the mosques abandoned. This however was not the end of the matter but the beginning of the revival of the Turkish identity where the oppressed minority strongly
9138:
situated in the mountainous region of South-West Bulgaria the local Muslim population resisted the forced name changing and attempted to demonstrate against the government's suppressive actions. As a response the Bulgarian security forces killed 5 villagers and wounded scores of civilians. By 1974,
9015:
In 1956 the number of Turkish schools is put at 1,149 with 100,843 pupils and 4,527 teachers. After 1958 the Turkish language in these schools was replaced with Bulgarian as the official language and Turkish became an elected subject. After 1970 teaching Turkish in schools was abolished and by 1984
9011:
As the Communists took control in Bulgaria in 1944 they delivered on their promises for more liberties for the ethnic minorities. Turkish schools were reopened and the usage of the Latin script allowed. The new regime however nationalised the schools and took them under state control. In 1944 there
8512:
Bulgarian population increased from two million at the 1881 census to two and a half million by 1892, and stood at three and a half million by 1910 and at four million by 1920. This increase took place while a large number of Bulgaria's Turkish-speaking inhabitants were emigrating. At the census in
7251:
as their mother tongue. Statistic results of the Address Based Population Registration System on the foreign-born population residing in Turkey from 2014 showed that 37.6% of a total of 992,597 foreign-born residents were born in Bulgaria, thus forming the largest foreign-born group in the country.
7206:
British diplomat Drummond-Wolff (Drummond-Wolff to Salisbury, 26.09.1878) estimated in 1878 that the total population of Eastern Rumelia in 1875 had comprised 220,000 Turks (29%), 25,000 Pomaks (3%), 10,000 Crimean Tatar Muhacir (1%), 10,000 Circassian Muhacir (1%) and 25,000 Muslim Romani (3%) out
2651:
The Turkish population is composed of a slightly larger proportion of young people under twenty years old compared to the Bulgarian population. Despite the fact that ethnic Turks constitute only 8 percent of the total population, they form 9.7 percent of all people under twenty years old and just 5
1582:
during and after the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans in the late 14th and early 15th centuries. Being the dominant group in the Ottoman Empire for the next five centuries, they played an important part in the economic and cultural life of the land. Waves of impoverished Turks settled fertile lands,
9616:
On 10 November 1989, Bulgaria's Communist regime was overthrown. On 29 December, the government allowed the Turks of Bulgaria to resume use of their Turkish names. This decision was recognized by law in March 1990. By 1991, some 600 thousand applications were received for the reinstatement of
9355:
In May 1989, there were disturbances in regions inhabited by members of the Turkish minority. In the so-called "May events" of 1989, tensions reached boiling point as tens of thousands of Turkish demonstrators took to the streets in the north-eastern and south-eastern provinces. The demonstrations
9222:
on the next day (26 December 1984). The Bulgarian police and security forces were prepared and awaiting with some 500 armed men in position. When the crowd of 2,000 Turkish villagers approached the Bulgarian security forces opened fire with automatic weapons wounding 8 people and killing 4. One of
9073:
institutions without an entrance examination; such practices would continue in later years, as special efforts were made to further the active involvement of Muslims in the Communist Party and in the political life of the country; but this special treatment may have been motivated also by the hope
8884:
government introduced new methods for authenticating claims, allowing local courts to issue new title deeds if they were satisfied that existing documentation proved ownership, or if local communal councils had issued certificates attesting ownership. Most local councils were entirely Bulgarian or
8815:
had been allowed to harvest the crops left by Turkish émigrés and in September all Bulgarians, the incoming refugees and the indigenous, were allowed to sow vacant Turkish land, though it was insisted that this did not in any way signify a transfer of ownership. With the mass exodus of Turks after
8551:
Bulgarian administration the Turkish intellectuals felt the need to communicate the new laws and regulations to the Turkish population by first providing translations of the Bulgarian State Gazette. During the years the number of Turkish newspapers and publications published in the Principality of
3694:
The data for 1875 is also available as a breakdown by various ethno-confessional groups. While Non-Muslims here are separated into a number of different categories, Islam millet or "Muslims" covered a wider range of ethnicies (apart from Romani and more recent Circassian refugees). In addition to
9258:
county, resisted the entry of security forces vehicles into the village by burning truck tires on the main road. The villagers were temporarily successful, but the security forces returned later that night with reinforcements. The electricity to the village was cut. The villagers organised at the
9190:
In June 1984, the Politburo voted a policy named "For the further unification and inclusion of Turks into the cause of socialism and the policies of the Bulgarian Communist Party". The plan was to rename all Islamic minorities with Slavic names, ban the wearing of distinctive Turkish clothing, to
8859:
by which Turkish refugees were allowed to return under military escort, if necessary, and were to have their lands back on condition that they surrendered all their weapons. In August 1878 it was decreed that those returning would not be immune from prosecution and anyone against whom any charges
7234:
and renounce all Muslim customs. The motivation of the 1984 assimilation campaign was unclear; however, many experts believed that the disproportion between the birth rates of the Turks and the Bulgarians was a major factor. The official government claim was that the Turks in Bulgaria were really
8555:
The Turkish Press in Bulgaria was faced with many difficulties and a significant amount of newspapers operated on the verge of being banned and their journalists being expelled from the country. Turkish journalists and teachers organised by establishing the Islamic Teachers Community in Bulgaria
8434:, which was partly outside modern Bulgaria there were 1,120,000 Muslims of whom 774,000 were Turks and 1,233,500 non-Muslims of whom 1,150,000 were Bulgarian (in comparison, the 1881 Bulgarian census registered 1,345,000 in the smaller area of the Bulgarian principality). According to him in the
8072:
Ethnological Map of European Turkey and her Dependencies at the Time of the Beginning of the War of 1877, by Karl Sax, I. and R. Austro-Hungarian Consul at Adrianople. Published by the Imperial and Royal Geographical Society, Vienna 1878. Most of the Turkish families who settled in the Bulgarian
4867:
According to Koyuncu, the division of Muslims into "established" and "Muhacir" in the census and the 1875 Ottoman salname was entirely tax-based rather than origin-based. Thus, Muslim colonists whose 10-year tax exemption had expired and were liable to taxation at the time of the census (Crimean
8802:
The Provisional Administration did not have the power, even if it had had the will, to prevent so popular a movement as the seizure of vacant Turkish land, but nor could the Administration allow this movement to go completely unchecked for this would give the Turks and the British the excuse to
8766:
province, for example, there were seventy-seven Turkish mixed Turkish-Bulgarian villages of which twenty-four (31.0%) were seized by Bulgarians, twenty two (28.5%) were later repossessed by returning Turkish refugees, and another twenty-two remained unaffected; the fate of the remaining nine is
7147:
According to British diplomat Drummond-Wolff, Islam millet included 25,000 Muslim Bulgarians, 10,000 Tatars and Nogays and 10,000 Circassians. Koyuncu lists between 11,000 and 20,000 Tatars and Circassians, while Mehmet Çetinkaya claims that some 6,000 Circassian families were split between the
9631:
In January 1990, the Social Council of Citizens, a national body representing all political and ethnic groups, reached a compromise that guaranteed the Turks freedom of religion, choice of names, and unimpeded practice of cultural traditions and use of Turkish within the community. In turn the
9836:
won 1.531% of the vote and therefore did not cross the 4% threshold to enter the parliament. Another political party founded in 1998 and representing a smaller fraction of the Turkish minority in Bulgaria is the National Movement for Rights and Freedoms (NMRF), which do not participate in the
9186:
The exact reasons for Zhivkov's mass-scale assimilation programme are unclear, but it is believed that one of the main factors was the projection that by 1990 the Bulgarian population would experience a zero or negative population growth resulting in increasing Muslim population and declining
4928:
Unlike the Circassian colonisation in 1864 and later years, the settlement of Crimean Tatars, Nogais, etc. in 1855-1862 has been documented minutely. Out of a total of 34,344 households with 142,852 members (or 4.16 members per household on average) settled along the Danube, a total of 22,360
8749:
sold their property, mostly to wealthy local Bulgarians. Other Turks rented their lands, usually to dependable local Bulgarians, on the understanding that it would be handed back if and when the owners returned. Most departing Turks, however, simply abandoned their land and fled, the fall of
8733:
district, where Bulgarian landowners had been unknown in 1840 , some two thousand plots had been bought by them between 1872 and 1875. In 1877 and in the following years the process of transfer took place on an immensely greater scale, both here and elsewhere. In 1875 some 50% of the land in
8644:) and printed in Varna between 1923 and 1925. Known contributors in Terbiye Ocağı were Osman Nuri Peremeci, Hafız Abdullah Meçik, Hasip Ahmet Aytuna, Mustafa Şerif Alyanak, Mehmet Mahsum, Osmanpazarli Ibrahim Hakki Oğuz, Ali Avni, Ebuşinasi Hasan Sabri, Hüseyin Edip and Tayyarzade Cemil Bey.
8500:
many Turks, including large and small landowners, abandoned their lands. Though many returned after the signing of the treaty of Berlin they were soon to find the atmosphere of the lands they had left behind uncongenial and large numbers emigrated once again to the more familiar cultural and
2290:
By comparison, over 95% of the Turkish ethnic group identified as Muslim in the 2001 census and numbered 746,664. This is considered the main difference between Bulgarian Turks and the rest of the population in Bulgaria, especially the dominant Bulgarian ethnic group, 79.9% of whom declared
9342:
Apart from these acts, the ethnic Turks in Bulgaria used nonviolent ways to resist the regime's oppression, though as noted above there were some violent clashes during the actual renaming process. Notably, intellectuals founded a movement, which was claimed to be the predecessor of the
9159:) was the culmination of the assimilation. With this explicit policy, enacted between 1984 and 1989, the Bulgarian government forced Bulgaria's Turkish community – 900,000 people or 10 percent of the country's population, to change their names. The people affected were all ethnic
9074:
that such integration could encourage their cultural assimilation as well. However, the emigration of Turks and Pomaks to Turkey was periodically banned starting in 1949; Turkey also obstructed immigration from Bulgaria with tough requirements. However in 1950-1951 there was an
9235:. Judging from the wounds of the dead and wounded the police and security force had been aiming at the midsection of the bodies. The captured demonstrators were faced down on the snow for 2 hours and blasted with cold water coming from the fire fighting trucks. In a report by
3260:
For figures comparable with post-1878 data, Arkadiev has suggested using the formula N=2 x (Y x 2.02), where 1831 census figures are multiplied by 2.02 to compute total male population and then by 2 to generate total male and female population. This gives total population of
8056:, Seljuk Turks settled in area of Dobruja along the Black Sea coast in the borderland between what is now Bulgaria and their furthest outpost Babadag situated in Northern Dobruja. Part of them returned to Anatolia, while the rest became Christianized and adopted the name of
8249:
and the eastern Balkans and founding hundreds of new villages. Some other settlers came in search of military and administrative service, and still others to establish Islamic religious institutions. Muslims were settled densely along the two great historical routes of the
8947:
the chaos of war had allowed a number of seizures to go unrecorded meaning that the new occupiers were to be left in untroubled possession of their land. The Constituent Assembly had considered a proposal to legislate such illegal transfers but no action had been taken as
7215:
The flow of Turks to Anatolia continued in a steady pattern depending on the policies of the ruling regimes until 1925 after which immigration was regulated. During the 20th century Bulgaria also practiced forced deportations and expulsions, which also targeted the Muslim
3293:
By using primary population records from the Danube Vilayet, Bulgarian statistician Dimitar Arkadiev has found that men aged 15–60 represented, on average, 49.5% of all males and that the coefficient that would permit calculating the entire male population is therefore
11358:
There are two main dialects; the first one is spoken in every area in south-east Bulgaria and is also used in the neighbouring countries (Greece and Turkey). It can be identified from the second one by looking at the "present continuous time"; it has the suffix forms
9635:
The Bulgarian governments that followed Zhivkov tried to realize the conditions of the compromise as quickly as possible. In the multiparty election of 1990, the Turks won representation in the National Assembly by twenty-three candidates of the predominantly Turkish
9651:
nomenklatura. The CDNI did not limit itself to rhetoric but also arranged protests against ethnic Turks returning to Bulgaria to claim back their names and property. In October 1991 violent outbreaks occurred between Bulgarian nationalists and Turkish activists in
8088:
set in motion important population movements, which modified the ethnic and religious composition of the conquered territories. This demographic restructuring was accomplished through colonization of strategic areas of the Balkans with Turks brought or exiled from
8798:
intensified the land struggle by making Bulgarians more determined to seize sufficient land before Ottoman sovereignty was restored. It also encouraged the former Turkish owners to return. With these problems the Russian Provisional Administration had to contend.
8378:'s period as a chief imperial architect until the second half of the 16th century between forty and seventy architects produced designs for a very large labour force, controlled the construction of military and civil facilities, water and road infrastructure from
8466:, and 1.100.000 Muslims as well as 1.700.000 non-Muslims lived in this region before the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. As Russian forces and Bulgarian volunteers pushed south in January 1878 they inflicted a welter of atrocities on the local Muslim population.
8286:
two centuries of incessant wars preceding the Ottoman conquest, as well as the ravages of the Ottoman conquest itself. Often re-colonization of old towns and the establishment of new towns were accompanied by bodily transplanting settlers from other areas of the
4320:
The data in the 1875 Ottoman salname comes from a vilayet-wide census completed in September 1874. A flash summary of results published in the Danube Official Gazette on 18 October 1874 (cumulative data only, no sanjak-by-sanjak breakdown) gave twice as many
9133:
where police and state security forces violently crushed a demonstration against the assimilation policies of the regime by the majority Muslim population killing 2 civilians and inflicting gunshot wounds on scores of others. In March 1973 in the village of
9198:
As it was later to turn out the regime was misled by its own agents among the Turkish minority and was taken aback when the Turkish minority refused to submit to the assimilation campaign. The regime found itself in a position where it had to use violence.
8965:
began to fear that the area would be seriously under-populated. In 1891 the Minister of Finance reported to the Subranie that there were 26,315 vacant plots in the country, many of them in the north-east and most of them under twenty decares in extent.
8875:
in the spring of 1879 the administration in Plovdiv ordered to enforce court decisions returning land to the Turks. Only half of the courts had recorded such decisions. Other actions were even less emotive and in 1880 the position of the Bulgarians in
5113:
Adjusted for the Circassians who were carried over to "established Muslims" or left out of the Salname in 1874 (male-female-aggregated figures of 27,650 and 40,000) and the Crimean Tatar, Nogai and Circassian refugees settled until 1861 (93,000), the
8508:
According to the 1881 census there was a majority of over 400,000 Turkish speakers living with 228,000 Bulgarian in the northeast Bulgarian Principality. In 2011 about 50% of the Turks live in northeast making up 20% of the population of the region.
14213:
14050:
4303:
Thus, the total male Muslim population in the future Principality of Bulgaria prior to the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 consisted of 333,705 Turks, 10,000 Muslim Bulgarians or Pomaks, 24,696 Muslim Romani Romani and 27,589 Circassian Muhacir.
9671:
Some developments noted by the US Department of State 2000 report include the fact that Turkish-language classes funded by the government continued, and that on 2 October 2000 Bulgarian national television launched Turkish-language newscasts.
9334:
region who belonged to the illegal Turkish National Liberation Front (TNLF), were arrested, sentenced to death and executed in 1988. On 7 July 1987, militants detonates three military fragmentation grenades outside hotel "International" in
16903:
9267:. According to the Bulgarian "Ministry of Interior" during these few Christmas days there have been some 11 demonstrations in which approximately 11,000 Turks participated. A large number of the arrested protesters were later sent to the "
5118:
Muslim population of the future Principality of Bulgaria in 1875 consisted of 547,760 Turks (65.8%), up to 215,828 Crimean and Caucasian Muhacir (25.9%), 49,392 Muslim Romani (5.9%) and 20,000 Muslim Bulgarians (2.4%), or a total of up to
8868:, and under them Bulgarians could secure the legal right to a piece of land if they could produce the authentic title-deeds, tapii, and thereby prove that the land at dispute had originally been taken from them forcibly or fraudulently.
8770:
In the vast majority of cases it was local Bulgarians who seized the vacant land but Bulgarians from other parts of Bulgaria where there had been little Turkish emigration and Bulgarian refugees from Ottoman repressions in Macedonia and
5169:) caused massive outrage across Europe and especially in the United Kingdom, the hitherto closest Ottoman ally. The disproportionate use of brute force against not only insurgents but also non-combatants, dubbed in the European press as
14833:
The Turkish Campaign.; Notes from the Ottoman Capital. Refugees at Constantinople—doing Justice to the Turks—A Good Word for the Mussulmans—Attempted Apostasy of a Woman—News from the Front—the Two Ghazis. 14 December 1877, Wednesday
8564:
which was a youth organisation. The leaders of these organisations met during National Congresses held each year in different locations in Bulgaria. The largest National Congress was held in Sofia in 1929 with over 1000 participants.
9550:
13684:
9095:
popular tourist destination. In the garden yard of this mosque are a number of grave markers where notable citizens of "Philibe" were buried. These valuable historic markers are badly deteriorated by vandalism, time and neglect.
8995:
in 1878 the Bulgarian Turks lost their social and political domination in Bulgaria. The official Turkish language became the language of a minority. In 1875 there were 2,700 Turkish primary schools, 40 secondary schools and 150
1154:. According to the 2021 census, there were 508,375 Bulgarians of Turkish descent, roughly 8.4% of the population, making them the country's largest ethnic minority. Bulgarian Turks also comprise the largest single population of
9380:
gave a speech on 29 May 1989, in which he stated that those who did not want to live in Bulgaria could emigrate to Turkey and demanded that Turkey open its borders in order to receive all "Bulgarian Muslims". There followed an
14442:
16574:
Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria, Article 36, p.2: "Citizens whose mother tongue is not Bulgarian shall have the right to study and use their own language alongside the compulsory study of the Bulgarian language."
8824:
to work the vacant land with rent, set at half the value of the harvest, to be paid to the legal owner. In many cases the Bulgarians simply refused to pay this rent and the Russians were not over-zealous in collecting it.
1583:
while Bulgarian families left their strategic settlements and resettled in more remote places. According to the historian Halil Inalcik, the Ottomans ensured significant Turkish presence in forward urban outposts such as
1373:
genetic distances reflect interpopulation relationships between the compared populations much better than their stepwise-based analogues, but that at the same time the genetic variation was more profoundly calculated by
7247:
as a non-compulsory subject for four hours per week if requested. According to the 2011 census in Bulgaria, there are 588,318 persons from the Turkish ethnic group or 8.8% of all ethnic groups, of whom 564,858 pointed
9574:
4307:
Aggregated for males and females, the Muslim population of the future Principality of Bulgaria therefore consisted of 668,410 Turks, 20,000 Pomaks, 49,392 Muslim Romani and 55,178 Circassian Muhacir, or of a total of
9372:
continued systematically all through May 1989. According to the Turkish government, 50 people were killed during the clashes with Bulgarian security forces. The Bulgarian government has put the death toll at only 7.
4859:
Kemal Karpat claims that Crimean Tatars and Circassians were not counted in the Ottoman salnames and that the overall number of Muslims is therefore underestimated. However, later on in the same book, he breaks down
9078:; around 155,000 Turks left Bulgaria for Turkey. The migration of Pomaks was banned, since they were seen as ethnically Bulgarians, unlike the Turkish people. Also, Turks and other minorities were not admitted into
9329:
train and exploded on Bunovo station in a car that was specifically designated for mothers with children, killing seven people (two children) and wounding nine. The accused perpetrators, three Turkish men from the
8982:
led to the economic decline in the region, which is contradicted by many other historians, who show rapid growth of the economy as well as rapid industrial development and growth of exports in Bulgaria after 1878.
14243:
Present State Of The Ottoman Empire: Statistics, Government, Administration, Finances, Army, Non-Muslim Communities, Etc., Etc. according to the Salnameh (Annual Imperial Register) for the Year 1293 of the Hegira
7252:
The number of Bulgarian citizens from Turkish descent residing in Turkey is put at 326,000, during the 2005 Bulgarian parliamentary elections 120,000 voted either in Bulgaria or polling stations set up in Turkey.
1425:
calculations are based on allele identity, it is likely to perform better than counterparts based on allele size information, the method depends on mutation rate, sometimes can likely provide biased estimate, but
14238:État Présent De L'empire Ottoman: Statistique, Gouvernement, Administration, Finances, Armée, Communautés Non Musulmanes, Etc., Etc. d'Apres Le Salnameh (Annuaire Imperial) Pour l'Annee 1293 de l'Hegire (1875-76)
13387:
9562:
7954:
While Turks settled in Bulgaria during and after the Ottoman conquest, there are indications that some Turks possibly settled before this period. According to early historical compilations and translations of
8767:
unknown. In the south-west there was much more tension and violence. Here there was no provisions about renting and there were cases of Bulgarian peasants not only seizing land but also destroying buildings.
14209:
14046:
11899:
7202:
included) comprised 127,260 Turks (37%) and 12,471 Muslim Romani (4%), while the male Muslim population of the İslimye Sanjak in 1875 stood at 44,747 people and accounted for 42% of the total population.
1261:. This community is of Turkish ethnic consciousness and differs from the majority Bulgarian ethnicity and the rest of the Bulgarian nation by its own language, religion, culture, customs, and traditions.
17207:
15161:"European population committee (CDPO) The demographic characteristics of national minorities in certain European States The demographic characteristics of the main ethnic/national minorities in Bulgaria"
11956:
9628:
governments toward restoring constitutionally guaranteed human rights to the Turks. But abrogation of Zhivkov's assimilation program soon after his fall brought massive protests by ethnic Bulgarians.
16126:
1430:
will not perform necessarily better. A Bulgarian and other population studies observed concluded that when there is not much differentiation, both statistical means show similar results, otherwise R
18023:
8803:
interfere in the internal affairs of the liberated territories. Given these dangers the Russians handled the agrarian problem with considerable skill. In the summer of 1877 Bulgarian refugees from
8578:
in 1895 and printed by Filibeli Rıza Paşa. In 1896 the famous Turkish thinker and intellectual Übeydullah Efendi wrote columns in Gayret and in a later stage became the newspaper's head columnist.
2287:, with 4,435 or 0.9% said followed Eastern Orthodox Christianity, while 13,195 or 2.6% said they had no religion and rest the 7.4% refused to answer or leave a reply according to the 2021 census.
9659:
Bulgarian nationalist forces tried to take advantage of the country's hard economic and uncertain political conditions. In November 1990 massive protests were staged by Bulgarian nationalists in
8600:. One of the most known writers in Muvazene was Ali Fefhmi Bey who promoted the unionisation of the Turkish teachers in Bulgaria and was the instigator of the first Turkish teacher's congress in
11558:
9664:
population. The CDNI and other groups opposed restoration of Turkish names, Turkish language lessons in Bulgarian schools and the recognition of ethnic Turks as a national minority in Bulgaria.
9829:
9624:, the repeal of single-party rule in Bulgaria exposed the long-standing grievances of an ethnic minority. The urban intelligentsia that participated in the 1990 reform movement pushed the post-
15029:
5188:
A number of estimates for the population of the Danube Vilayet were prepared by most Great Powers in conjunction with the Conference. Authors include Gabriel Aubaret, French Consul-General in
9293:. The interrogation methods applied on the captured villagers were depicted with the torture of "Jesus Christ before his crucifixion". Over 30 people are reported killed during the events in
14959:
14837:
1205:
who became Turkified during the centuries of Ottoman rule. However, it has also been suggested that some Turks living today in Bulgaria may be direct ethnic descendants of earlier medieval
7800:
13668:
11639:
11503:
11719:
15092:ЕТНО-ДЕМОГРАФСКИ ПРОЦЕСИ В СЕВЕРОИЗТОЧНА БЪЛГАРИЯ ОТ ОСВОБОЖДЕНИЕТО ДО НАЧАЛОТО НА ХХІ ВЕК Надежда Борисова Илиева Национален институт по геофизика, геодезия и география – БАН, pp. 114
5539:, which eventually came up with the proposal for the establishment of two autonomous Bulgarian vilayets that remained under Ottoman control, but subject to extensive oversight by all
1678:) is missing as it was written in a different booklet, which was subsequently lost. The exact number of the Turkish population cannot be determined as the census followed the Ottoman
9037:
After the Communist takeover in 1944, the new regime declared itself in favour of all minorities and inter-ethnic equality and fraternity (in accordance with the classic doctrine of
13180:
9730:
after the communist regime which the Muslims boycotted, the party won 6.0% of the popular vote and 24 out of 400 seats and became the fourth largest party in the parliament. In the
4868:
Tatars, Nogais, etc., with a minority of Circassians) were counted as "established", while colonists who still benefited from the exemption (Circassians) were counted as "Muhacir".
1330:
A Y-DNA genetic study on Slavic peoples and some of their neighbours published two statistical distributions of distance because of the volume of details studied, based on pairwise
8290:
or with Muslim refugees from other lands. Records show that by the end of the 14th century, Muslim Turks formed the absolute majority in large urban towns in Upper Thrace such as
18113:
10168:
8889:
and decided in favour of their co-nationals far more often than did the mixed commissions with whom the prerogative of adjunction had previously rested. In many instances, too,
17112:
14118:"Ethnic maps as political advertisements and instruments of symbolic nation-building and their role in influencing decision-making from Berlin (1877-1881), to Bucharest (1913)"
8713:("The News") survived, only to be closed down in turn in 1941. The explanation cited was that the newspapers were disseminating Kemalist (i.e. Turkish nationalist) propaganda.
15869:
15164:
5204:; Englishman W.N. Jocelyn, Secretary of the British Embassy in Constantinople; Greek official Stavrides, translator at the British Embassy in Constantinople; Russian diplomat
3388:, with a minority of Circassians, who were settled in the Danube Vilayet between 1855 and 1862, and a second one of some 35,000 Circassian families, who were settled in 1864.
14304:
7230:
regime's assimilation campaign, but around 150,000 returned between 1989 and 1990. That program, which began in 1984, forced all Turks and other Muslims in Bulgaria to adopt
1755:
According to 2002 data, the poverty rate among Bulgarian Turks is 20.9%, compared to 5.6% among ethnic Bulgarians and of 61.8% among Romani. In 2021, the share of Turks with
13320:[CHANGES IN THE NUMBER OF THE POPULATION OF THE BULGARIAN LANDS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE] (in Bulgarian). National Statistical Institute. pp. 25–26. Archived from
12127:[CHANGES IN THE NUMBER OF THE POPULATION OF THE BULGARIAN LANDS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE] (in Bulgarian). National Statistical Institute. pp. 19–21. Archived from
16832:
13580:[However, what is most striking is that the ratio between Muslim and Non-Muslims in the 1875 Salname (42.22% vs. 57.78%) and the 1865 Kuyûd-i Atik population registry
10683:
1654:(0.1%). The census only covered healthy men over 15 years of age and suffered from numerous inconsistencies. Most notably, the Christian population in the kazas of Selvi (
7942:
Turks, although today numerically small – about 1 million people (about 2 percent of the total Balkan population) – have played a role in shaping the history of the
17161:
Gökatalay, Gözde Emen (2021). "A crisis of legitimacy or a source of political consolidation? The deportation of Bulgarian Turks in 1950–1951 and the Democratic Party".
11982:
8893:
refused to relinquish land they had seized and as late as 1884 there were still Turkish landlords demanding the implementation of court orders restoring their property.
13381:
8701:
With the right-wing coup d'état of 1934, Turkish-language press was suppressed. Only in the course of the first year, ten of the newspapers were closed down (including
15726:Михаил Груев, Алексей Кальонски, Възродителният процес: Мюсюлманските общности и комунистическият режим, Сиела – София: Институт за изследване на близкото минало, 2008
12025:
10767:
17034:
In: Marushiakova, E. (ed.): Dynamics of National Identity and Transnational Identities in the Process of European Integration. Cambridge Publ. 2007. pp. 224–247
16086:
9321:
was scheduled to visit the two towns. One woman was killed and 41 were wounded. On 9 March 1985, attacks going even further as an explosive device was planted on the
9012:
were 84,603 Turkish children in school age, 40,388 of whom did not attend school. According to the law, graduates from Turkish schools were considered as illiterate.
7704:
1178:. There is also a diaspora outside Bulgaria in countries such as Turkey, Austria, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway and Romania, the most significant of which are the
9793:
party and the Movement for Rights and Freedoms returned to opposition after being part of coalition governments two consecutive terms between 2001 and 2009. At the
9109:
long-term policy was expressed in various other facts: for example, Turkish-language publications were closed down one by one, and by 1981 only a single newspaper (
16796:
9841:
and has on several occasions formed an alliance with the MRF during nationwide local elections. During the 1999 local elections the NMRF gained some 80 000 votes.
16481:
11895:
9746:
7.5% of the vote and 21 out of 240 seats. Subsequently, for the first time the party joined a coalition government, which was led by the winner of the elections (
7852:
2886:
1474:
15010:, pp. 112–4, Cambridge, 2005 "... figures are derive from McCarthy (1995: I 91, 162–4, 339), who is often viewed as a scholar on the Turkish side of the debate."
13874:
8149:
and settled them along the main highways and in the surrounding mountain regions. Densely populated Turkish colonies were established in the frontier regions of
12429:
12227:
9082:
for some time, and even after the official decision to allow it in 1952, their admission would still require them to meet certain undefined political criteria.
8729:
ownership which was the most important effect of Turkish emigration was a complex process. Such transfers had taken place before 1878, for example parts in the
13938:
Clarke, J.F.; O. Dwight, Henry (1977). "Reporting the Bulgarian Massacres: "The Suffering in Bulgaria, " by Henry O. Dwight and the Rev. J. F. Clarke (1876)".
8426:
vary. Major urban centers were with Muslim majority and remained overwhelmingly Muslim well until the 19th century. According to Aubaret, the French Consul in
8177:. The Ottoman authorities maintained these nomads in their tribal organization through the 16th century and began to settle them only during the 17th century.
5142:'s 1866 estimate of 350,000 Muhacir and the Bulgarian edition of the Danube Official Gazette's 1867 estimate of 300,000 Muhacir settled in the Danube Vilayet.
3554:
To better illustrate the impact Caucasian and Crimean Muhacir had on the Danube Vilayet's demography, it would be helpful to also incorporate the data for the
8974:
rights of Muslim owners were largely disregarded despite being guaranteed by the powers. The historian Michael Palairet has claimed that de-Ottomanization of
17090:
16594:
15741:
8338:
3562:
refugees in the 1850s and 1860s, to the extent they held a plurality in the sanjak's population by 1878 (31.5%), and the region was affectionately nicknamed
16134:
11473:, two of the three or all of them at the same time. It is a term originally used by foreign peoples for the Eastern Romance peoples (which also include the
8908:
began to drift once more into exile. This was very much the result of disappointed hopes for a full restoration of Turkish power south of the Balkan range.
8188:. Far away from their home bases, the potential threat of such elements was considerably reduced as in the case of the followers of the rebellious Karamani
8113:, preachers and other religious functionaries, and administrative personnel. Among the earliest arrivals were large numbers of pastoral peoples such as the
17050:– In: Theophanov, Tz. and al. (eds.). 30 Years of Arabic and Islamic Studies in Bulgaria. Sofia, University Press St. Kl. Ohridski, 2008, pp. 161–170
13827:
13317:
12124:
8374:
in Anatolia and sometimes in Bulgaria) who shared the responsibilities and tasks for the design and construction of all sorts of building projects. During
5516:
16250:
15230:
15200:
14416:Маева, М. Българските турци-преселници в Р Турция (култура и идентичност). 2005. Bulgarian Turks – Emigrants in Turkey (Culture and Identity). София: IMIR
12170:
18183:
17310:
15019:
McCarthy, Justin., "Death and Exile: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ottoman Muslims, 1821–1922 "The Darwin Press Inc., Princeton, Sixth Printing 2008, pp.66–67
11584:
7692:
19608:) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former
11554:
9289:". The torture and violation of the captured resisting Turks was later continued in the underground cellars of the Ministry of Interior in the city of
15908:ХАЛИФ, Омар, ЦАНКОВА, Диана: "Апокрифната Ябланска епопея: Българи и турци заедно се възправиха срещу диктатурата на Тодор Живков II" www.sedembg.com
3376:
The 1859-1860 figures are important as a benchmark as they were the last Ottoman records to not take into account the settlement of more than 300,000
1283:
in various geographical regions of Bulgaria. The haplotypes of the Turks from Bulgaria as converted to haplogroups make up the following frequencies:
17951:
15033:
9825:
5535:, all other estimates are based on the Ottoman salnames (i.e., the annual Ottoman almanacs). The figures were used as underlying data at the 1876-77
16859:
16199:
9277:
One of the most notable confrontations between the ethnic Turk population and the Bulgarian State Security apparatus and army was in the village of
16533:
Turks of Bulgaria, Center for Documentation and Information on Minorities in Europe – Southeast Europe (CEDIME-SE), MINORITIES IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE
14955:
14835:
14767:
14086:
9727:
9236:
9838:
16770:
11424:
16743:
16675:
13242:
12407:
8547:
The Turkish press in Bulgaria established itself almost simultaneously with the foundation of the Bulgarian Principality in 1878. Under the new
8274:
were settled mostly in the mountainous parts of the area. A census conducted between 1520 and 1530 showed that 19% of the Balkan population was
7863:
2897:
1485:
15617:
12857:
12654:
11635:
11499:
9789:
it increased to 14.0% of vote and 37 out of 240 seats. Following the election, the government was totally occupied by the decisive winner, the
9309:
Several militant attacks were committed in the period between 1984 and 1985. The first attack was on 30 August 1984, when one bomb exploded on
15839:
9281:
during January 1985 where the Turkish population resisted the tanks of the 3rd Bulgarian Army for 3 days. When the village was overrun by the
7788:
16149:
12202:
11814:
9794:
9790:
9075:
8738:
was owned by Turks. A decade after 1878 as much as a quarter of the arable land in Bulgaria transferred from Turkish to Bulgarian ownership.
8105:
used colonization as a very effective method to consolidate their position and power in the Balkans. The colonizers that were brought to the
15788:
15671:
15571:
15515:
15496:
15477:
15458:
15439:
15420:
15253:
12003:
Krzysztof Re˛bała Alexei I. Mikulich Iosif S. Tsybovsky Daniela Siva'kova' Zuzana Dzˇupinkova' Aneta Szczerkowska-Dobosz Zofia Szczerkowskа
19688:
15988:
15937:
15708:
15690:
13798:
12045:
8695:
2283:
In the 2021 Census, 508,378 people stated that they were Turkish with 447,893 or 89.1% of Bulgarian Turks, stated that their religion was
1607:
and their vicinity. Ottoman Muslims constituted the majority in and around strategic routes primarily in the southern Balkans leading from
16535:
16319:"The population growth and distribution of the foreign-borns in Turkey [Türkiye'de yurtdışı doğumlu nüfusun gelişimi ve dağılışı]"
15128:
13177:
11711:
8245:
deeds and registers of the 15th century show that there was a wide movement of colonization, with western Anatolian peasantry settling in
1682:. Thus, "Islam Millet" or "Muslims" did not include only Turks, but all other Muslims, except Muslim Romani, who were counted separately.
19673:
15340:
14909:
13355:
13120:Мошин, А. (1877) Придунайская Болгария (Дунайский вилает). Статистико-экономический очерк. В: Славянский сборник, т. ІІ. Санкт Петербург.
12341:
12275:
9755:
9294:
9278:
9232:
16652:
16294:
The International Migration Review Vol. 26, No. 2, Special Issue: The New Europe and International Migration (Summer, 1992), pp. 342–352
14870:
13713:"The Batak Massacre (1876) | Bulgarian Horrors | J. A. MacGahan | Turkish Atrocities | The W.T. Stead Resource Site"
11532:
8281:
The greatest impact of Ottoman colonization in the Balkans, however, was felt in the urban centers. Many towns became major centers for
16918:
16561:
16318:
16231:
16112:
15969:
14391:
9850:
17118:
16910:
14210:"The Population of Eastern Rumelia Before the 1877-1878 Russo-Turkish War / 1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus Harbi Öncesinde Şarkî Rumeli Nüfusu"
13791:"[W]illiam [E]wart Gladstone, "Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East" (1876) | W.T. Stead Resource Site"
12549:
8169:(1389–1402). Additional colonists, mostly nomads again, were established along key transportation and communication routes in Thrace,
17978:
11925:
7238:
The fall of communism in Bulgaria led to a reversal of the state's policy towards its citizens of Turkish descent. After the fall of
4331:, 64,398 vs. 30,573, and slightly fewer "established Muslims" than the final results published in 1875. According to Koyuncu, 13,825
15160:
14509:
14458:""Непризнатите" преброявания в историята на българската статистика / "Unrecognised" Censuses in the History of Bulgarian Statistics"
14361:
12586:
4335:
Circassians were carried over to the "established Muslims" column and further 20,000 were simply left out or lost in the carry-over.
18356:
15865:
14297:
8533:
1090:
15812:
13720:
8852:
These problems were insignificant compared to those raised when the returning Turks demanded the restitution of their lost lands.
18176:
17303:
8138:
3369:
population (incl. Muslim Romani) of the five Danubian sanjaks to form the future Principality of Bulgaria stood at 255,372 vs. a
16828:
15986:Улрих Бюксеншютц (2000) Малцинствената политика в България. Политиката на БКП към евреи, роми, помаци и турци (1944–1989), p.105
12007:
8366:
urban landscape. Two distinct crafts are evident in Ottoman urban culture that of the architect and that of the master builder (
18075:
18018:
16721:
16359:"Българските турци-преселници в Р Турция (култура и идентичност). Bulgarian Turks – Emigrants in Turkey (Culture and Identity)"
16063:
13176:
For more see: Catalina Hunt (2015) Changing Identities at the Fringes of the Late Ottoman Empire: Dobruja Muslims, p. 33, url:
9821:
9786:
9770:
9743:
9739:
9735:
9731:
9202:
On 24 December 1984 Bulgarian police and security forces fired the first shots against the Turkish community in the village of
14663:
11978:
10949:
returning refugees from four burned villages (Cafarli, Duvanli, Okçullu, and Oruçlu) settled in Okçullu which became known as
9925:
8443:
7910:
19683:
17272:
17055:
16578:
16392:
15334:
14903:
14864:
9382:
9339:
resort at the time occupied with East German holiday-makers, trying to get attention and publicity for the renaming process.
8060:. There are also some doubts about these events, which according to some scholars have the characteristics of a folk legend.
16444:
12380:
12023:
9897:
9388:
The first wave of refugees was forcefully extradited from Bulgaria. These first deportees consisted of the prisoners of the
9376:
On 10 May 1989, travel restrictions to foreign countries were partly lifted (only for the members of the Turkish minority).
7682:
Data for the census of 1900 and all subsequent censuses is borrowed from the website of the National Statistical Institute.
4844:
While the 1875 Ottoman salname is the first one to count Circassians separately, no Ottoman population record even mentions
19693:
17956:
16090:
16020:
13669:"Политика на Османската власт за справяне с бежанската криза в българските земи от края на 50-те и 60-те години на XIX век"
13386:(Thesis). A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY. p. 52.
11614:
9782:
subsidies for buying the seed for sowing. This evoked protests by farmers in the regions of Vratsa, Knezha, and Dobrudzha.
9599:. The committee requested the Bulgarian judiciary and the Chief Prosecutor to renew the case against the architects of the
8474:
7172:(40.38%) and 503,058 were Muslims (38.57%). In 1877-1878, the vilayet consisted of the sanjaks of Filibe, İslimye, Edirne,
1390:(haplotype or microsatellite) frequencies among populations and the distribution of evolutionary distances among alleles. R
16508:
14717:
14336:
9195:. Thus, the assimilation was supposedly justified by it being a restoration of the population's original "real" identity.
8239:
brought additional Turkish settlers into the Balkans. Numerous Turkish colonists were settled as farmers in new villages.
7776:
7764:
7752:
7740:
7728:
7716:
19698:
17968:
17362:
16929:
15688:Улрих Бюксеншютц (2000) Малцинствената политика в България. Политиката на БКП към евреи, роми, помаци и турци (1944–1989)
15403:
Suleiman, Yasir, . "Language and identity in the Middle East and North Africa ", Cornwall, Great Britain 1996, pp.104–105
14268:
Suleiman, Yasir, . "Language and identity in the Middle East and North Africa ", Cornwall, Great Britain 1996, pp.102–103
8109:
consisted of diverse elements, including groups uneasy for the state, soldiers, nomads, farmers, artisans and merchants,
1417:) information, the method may be unreliable unless a large number of loci are used. A nonsignificant test suggests that F
17104:. – In: Archives and History: Interrelations and Perspectives. Ed. A. Kochankova. Sofia, 2020, 151–159. (In Bulg. lang.)
16803:
11023:
Bulgarian Turks have produced perhaps the most substantial amount of literature in the Turkish language outside Turkey.
19668:
18169:
18033:
17296:
16485:
16414:
15935:Бюксеншютц, Улрих: "Малцинствената политика в България. Политиката на БКП към евреи, роми, помаци и турци (1944–1989)"
12719:
12523:
9904:
9285:
the town hall was made a temporary Command Centre and became the scene of terrifying acts of brutality in the name of "
9004:. By 1913 the number of Turkish schools was reduced to 1,234 all of which had to be financed by the Turkish community.
1108:
17102:
The Current Demographic Statistics of the Population in Bulgaria on the Exodus of Bulgarian Turks in the 1930s to 1943
16695:
16625:"Bulgarsitan'dan 70 Turk Ogrenci, Tatilini Tekirdag'da degerlendiriyor", "BTHA" Bulgar-Turk Haber Ajansi – 24, 07 2004
14018:
12501:
11785:
9395:
In 1998, the Bulgarian president condemned the Revival process and the Big Excursion, nine years after it took place.
17793:
17198:
17148:
17077:
17063:
17039:
17025:
17004:
16990:
16976:
16962:
16948:
16646:
16182:
16003:Навършват се 24 години от терористичния атентат на Централна гара в Пловдив. 30 August 2008 | 02:46 | Агенция "Фокус"
15222:
15196:
13349:
12483:
12430:"From the 2021 Census: How many are the Bulgarians, Turks and Roma in the Country - Novinite.com - Sofia News Agency"
12374:
12335:
12308:
12269:
12234:
11840:
9944:
9798:
8992:
8759:
8497:
8423:
7881:
3113:
3043:
2977:
2915:
1686:
1635:
1565:
1503:
1270:
844:
789:
17:
5594:
Ethnoconfessional Groups per Kaza in the Future Eastern Rumelia in 1876 Based on the 1875 Adrianople Vilayet Census
2959:
1547:
18145:
15910:
15737:
15643:
11768:
9878:
9685:
9637:
9344:
1702:
1258:
408:
17205:
Mahon, Milena (November 1999). "The Turkish minority under communist Bulgaria – politics of ethnicity and power".
16601:
15588:
13671:[Ottoman Policy for Dealing with the Refugee Crisis in the Bulgarian Lands at the End of 1850s and 1860s]
11665:
5130:
number of Crimean Tatar, Circassian, etc. colonists in territories which the 1878 Congress of Berlin ceded to the
18635:
18308:
17382:
9911:
8085:
1035:
393:
13823:
13321:
13143:"Population and Demography of the Danube Vilayet (1864-1877) / Tuna Vilâyeti'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi (1864-1877)"
12128:
8670:, Turan was a channel for the Union of Turkish Youth Communities in Bulgaria. The newspaper was also printed in
3663:
Includes 353,135 "Established Muslims" (34.2%), 27,589 Circassian Muhacir (2.7%) and 24,696 Muslim Romani (2.4%)
3523:
Includes 353,135 "Established Muslims" (34.2%), 27,589 Circassian Muhacir (2.7%) and 24,696 Muslim Romani (2.4%)
3034:. Muslim Romani were counted towards Islam millet only sporadically and usually formed a category of their own.
1744:
tend to identify themselves as Turks. In Bulgaria there are also other Turkish-speaking communities such as the
18292:
16246:
15115:
14710:
Demographic features of Ottoman Upper Thrace: A case study on Filibe, Tatar Pazarcık and İstanimaka (1472–1614)
14186:
14155:
13642:
13476:
12999:
12966:
12937:
12454:
12163:
12086:
10779:
9882:
9714:
2013 Parliamentary election, distribution of votes by constituency (Movement for Rights and Freedoms in purple)
4929:
households with some 93,000 members were given land in kazas that became part of the Principality of Bulgaria.
3384:
in the Danube Vilayet from 1855 until 1865. This settlement took place in two waves: one of 142,852 Tatars and
2944:
1532:
1062:
18028:
16366:
14420:
14121:
14049:[The Population of Eastern Rumelia Before the 1877-1878 Russo-Turkish War] (in Turkish). p. 191.
11477:, who never lived under the Ottoman Empire), although some of them have internalized it as a self-designation.
9773:
it increased to 12.8% of vote and 34 out of 240 seats and kept in power as a part of the coalition led by the
18043:
11580:
11399:
9219:
9215:
8467:
8442:
sancak the Turks outnumbered with 92,800 people the 32,200 Bulgarians there with more contrast. According to
7243:
3062:. The census only covered healthy taxable men between 15 and 60 years of age, who were free from disability.
2413:
1405:
and is proposed to be better for most typical sample sizes, when data consist of variation at microsatellite
1057:
1030:
889:
15361:
An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, Volume 2; Halil İnalcık, Donald Quataert; 1997; p. 381
9893:
9556:
Turkish refugees from the Tirnova district coming into Shumla. The Illustrated London News 1 September 1877.
9008:
to teach in the Arabic script. This was in order to reduce the nationalistic influences coming from Turkey.
19170:
18349:
18038:
17856:
17264:
Muslim Lives in Eastern Europe: Gender, Ethnicity and the Transformation of Islam in Postsocialist Bulgaria
14510:"Население по местоживеене, пол и етническа група (Population by place of residence, sex and ethnic group)"
13879:
Turkish Atrocities in Bulgaria, Letters of the Special Commissioner of the "Daily News," J.A. MacGahan, Esq
13745:
Turkish Atrocities in Bulgaria, Letters of the Special Commissioner of the "Daily News," J.A. MacGahan, Esq
13409:
Ravenstein, Ernst (October 1876). "Distribution of the Population in the Part of Europe Overrun by Turks".
10946:
9581:
9038:
8952:
had easily persuaded the Assembly that it was pointless to legislate about so widespread a phenomenon. The
8928:
in 1885 saw the sale of about a hundred. That most of the larger Turkish owners and many smaller ones left
8742:
5178:
3331:
1697:, the Turkish population in the Bulgarian lands started migrating to the Ottoman Empire and then to modern
1083:
17042:
15059:
12899:
10023:
3426:
population of 628,049. This gave a somewhat more beneficial Muslim-to-non-Muslim ratio of 39.2% to 60.8%.
3373:
population (incl. Christian Romani) of 418,682. This gave a Muslim-to-non-Muslim ratio of 37.9% to 62.1%.
2307:
Turks, but unlike the Bulgarians, they are split nearly evenly among Orthodox, Catholics, and Protestants.
18080:
17732:
17640:
16855:
16206:
14609:
H. T. Norris: "Islam in the Balkans: religion and society between Europe and the Arab world", 1993 pp.147
13984:
Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic
13603:
Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic
13557:
Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic
13282:
Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic
13206:
Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic
13147:
Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic
13076:
Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic
13036:
Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic
12807:
Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic
12752:
Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic
12683:
Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic
10995:
Literally meaning "Great Mountain" this is the mountain that gives its name to the entire region and the
10072:
7159:
5630:
2303:(45,817 Muslims or 7.2%) accounted for most of the remainder. In 2001, there were about 10,052 (or 1.3%)
899:
670:
15669:
The Bulgarian Helsinki Committee: The Human Rights of Muslims in Bulgaria in Law and Politics since 1878
15569:
The Bulgarian Helsinki Committee: The Human Rights of Muslims in Bulgaria in Law and Politics since 1878
15513:
The Bulgarian Helsinki Committee: The Human Rights of Muslims in Bulgaria in Law and Politics since 1878
15494:
The Bulgarian Helsinki Committee: The Human Rights of Muslims in Bulgaria in Law and Politics since 1878
15475:
The Bulgarian Helsinki Committee: The Human Rights of Muslims in Bulgaria in Law and Politics since 1878
15456:
The Bulgarian Helsinki Committee: The Human Rights of Muslims in Bulgaria in Law and Politics since 1878
15437:
The Bulgarian Helsinki Committee: The Human Rights of Muslims in Bulgaria in Law and Politics since 1878
15418:
The Bulgarian Helsinki Committee: The Human Rights of Muslims in Bulgaria in Law and Politics since 1878
14763:
14078:
13914:
9117:
constitution" of 1971 replaced the term "national minorities" with "nationals of non-Bulgarian origin".
7975:'s historical memoirs cover the period 1192–1281 well before Ottoman rule over the Balkans. The work of
3695:
the dominant Turkish ethnic group, in the 1870s, it was estimated to also include some 10,000 Pomaks or
3298:. To compute total population, male figures are then usually doubled. Using this method of computation,
19678:
19621:
19236:
18092:
18070:
17133:
17091:"The Ethnic Turks in Bulgaria: Social Integration and Impact on Bulgarian–Turkish Relations, 1947–2000"
16595:"The Ethnic Turks in Bulgaria: Social Integration and Impact on Bulgarian–Turkish Relations, 1947–2000"
16471:
Janusz Bugajski: "Political parties of Eastern Europe: a guide to politics in the post" 2002 pp.805–807
14457:
13178:
https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_etd/send_file/send?accession=osu1429644189&disposition=inline
11409:
10323:
9759:
9104:" (a term also used, though more rarely, for the other large campaign, which was organized against the
7223:
The biggest wave of Turkish emigration occurred in 1989, when 360,000 left Bulgaria as a result of the
7134:
5639:
4915:
4845:
3377:
3015:
1733:
1354:
1046:
16774:
16506:Митев, Петър-Емил: "БЪЛГАРСКИЯТ ЕТНИЧЕСКИ МОДЕЛ –ПРОБЛЕМАТИЗИРАНО ПОСТИЖЕНИЕ В ОБЕДИНЯВАЩА СЕ ЕВРОПА"
15893:
11662:"Най-известната тв водеща в Северен Кипър се изправя пред камерата на "Другата България" – Фактор Нюз"
9016:
the use of the Turkish language itself was deemed illegal. The only two remaining bi-lingual journals
7194:
According to British Historian R.J. Moore, the male population of the Filibe Sanjak in 1876 (kazas of
18234:
18192:
18065:
17988:
16747:
16673:
16389:"Bulgaria MPs Move to Declare Revival Process as Ethnic Cleansing – Novinite.com – Sofia News Agency"
13850:
13234:
12403:
11762:
11404:
9774:
9644:
8624:
and focused on politics and daily events. In 1905 Mehmet Teftiş became the manager of the newspaper.
7177:
5536:
5162:
and the numerous atrocities committed, in particular, by irregular Ottoman paramilitaries (primarily
3559:
2433:
2292:
1179:
929:
814:
17230:
Warhola, James W.; Orlina Boteva (September 2003). "The Turkish Minority in Contemporary Bulgaria".
12835:
5551:
The other Bulgarian territory to be carved out of the Ottoman Empire was the autonomous province of
2295:
identity in the 2021 census. In 2021, Turks formed 70.1% of the Muslim community in Bulgaria, while
19663:
19568:
19527:
18695:
18050:
17692:
17422:
17358:
16459:
Janusz Bugajski: "Political parties of Eastern Europe: a guide to politics in the post" 2002 pp.804
16247:""Ал Джазира": БГ, турците и политиката на извинения – Мнения, акценти и коментари | ФАКТИ.БГ"
15843:
15621:
14981:
Imber, Colin (1999), "Reviewed work: The Ottoman Turks: An Introductory History, Justin McCarthy",
14753:
Eminov, Ali. "Turkish and other Muslim minorities in Bulgaria", 1997, ROUTLEDGE, New York, pp.30–31
14556:Ив. К. Димитровъ, Прѣселение на селджукски турци въ Добруджа около срѣдата на XIII вѣкъ, стр. 32—33
10791:
9263:
at least one 16-year-old youngster was shot and killed and there are reports of casualties also in
9192:
9100:
and public one, directed against the Turks, took place in 1984–1985 and was officially called "the
9090:
8957:
8940:
8925:
8680:: Founded in 1929 and published by the office of the Grand Mufti and Islamic Foundations in Sofia.
8081:
Ethnic composition of the central Balkans in 1870 by the English-German cartograge E.G. Ravenstein.
8004:
7665:
7152:
25,000 Muslim Bulgarians (2.6%), 20,000 Muhacir (2.1%), 31,634 Muslim Romani (3.3%), or altogether
5482:
5323:
5231:
5226:
5201:
5131:
4934:
4879:
3834:
3354:, with individual border changes, cf. below. The two other sanjaks in the Danube Vilayet, those of
3323:
2310:
1690:
1254:
974:
630:
423:
16159:
15890:Драгостинова, Жанина, "Кръвта от 1984 г. или защо в Момчилград има шведски граждани" e-vestnik.bg
13743:
12195:
12043:
Microsatellite Allele Sizes: A Simple Test to Assess Their Significance on Genetic Differentiation
11818:
7856:
that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
2890:
that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
1478:
that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
18735:
18660:
18424:
18417:
18342:
18128:
17993:
17973:
17963:
17765:
17410:
17405:
15786:
15668:
15568:
15512:
15493:
15474:
15455:
15436:
15417:
15251:
14277:
Glenn E. Curtis, ed. Bulgaria: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1992
11419:
11388:
10827:
9871:
8829:
8795:
8776:
8763:
7960:
7138:
5163:
5135:
4919:
4325:
3570:
Muslims vs. Non-Muslims in the "five Bulgarian sanjaks" & Sanjak of Tulça in 1860 & 1875
3381:
3309:
3306:, the figures may be well undercounted and should never be assumed to be fully reliable as data.
3125:
2995:
2955:
2394:
2031:
1543:
1076:
309:
15985:
15944:
15706:
15687:
13790:
12404:"Population by Ethnic Group, Statistical Regions, Districts and Municipalities as of 07/09/2021"
12042:
9568:
War Distribution Clothing Turkish Refugees Shumla. The Illustrated London News 17 November 1877.
5583:, along with smaller parts of the nahiyas of Üsküdar and Çöke, again from the Sanjak of Edirne.
3782:
Ethnoconfessional groups in the "five Bulgarian sanjaks" according to the 1875 Ottoman salname (
3326:
was establislished on 13 July 1878 from five of the sanjaks that used to be part of the Ottoman
1705:
regime's assimilation campaign against them, with some 150,000 returning between 1989 and 1990.
1020:
89:
19558:
18284:
18265:
18214:
18097:
17814:
17687:
17505:
16539:
16347:
U.S. Committee for Refugees, Immigration and Refugee Services of America – Social Science p.176
15135:
13512:"Why did They Leave? Perceptions on the Turkish Emigration from Dobrogea to Turkey (1918-1940)"
9751:
9183:. The government had been encouraging the educated Turks to voluntarily adopt Bulgarian names.
5159:
4849:
1642:
stood at 496,744 people, including 296,769 Christians (59.7%), 181,455 Muslims (36.5%), 17,474
1366:
1052:
864:
809:
625:
342:
16197:Маева, Мила Милева: "Българските Турци-Преселници В Република Турция (Култура и идентичност)"
15324:
15185:
Bulgaristan Türk basını:1879–1945/Adem Ruhi Karagöz, İstanbul : Üniversite Matbaası, 1945
14893:
13339:
12325:
12298:
12259:
8161:
valleys. The colonization policies already begun under Orhan were continued by his successors
4837:, which by then had been ceded to the Prizren Vilayet. No sanjak-by-sanjak breakown available.
1278:
research investigating the three largest population groups in Bulgaria: Bulgarians, Turks and
934:
19214:
18509:
18269:
18250:
18003:
17923:
17613:
17590:
16636:
15286:
Crampton, R. J., "A Short History of Modern Bulgaria" Cambridge University Press, 1987, pp.71
14854:
14472:"Council of Europe, Ministers' Deputies, 6.1 European population committee (CDPO), Section 3"
14471:
14286:
Laber, Jery "Destroying ethnic identity: the Turks of Bulgaria", Helsinki Watch 1987 pp.45–47
14259:, Under the Balkans. Notes of a visit to the district of Philippopolis in 1876. London, 1877.
11555:"Turkish Bulgarians fastest-growing group of immigrants in The Netherlands – Bulgaria abroad"
9918:
8817:
8620:: Founded by unknown group of journalists on 24 May 1904 the weekly newspaper was printed in
7992:
7673:
5292:
5193:
2513:
Distribution of the mother tongues by municipalities according to the 2011 census in Bulgaria
2015:
1787:
984:
784:
722:
548:
16326:
14387:
13767:
11528:
8779:
naturally intensified the flow of refugees from these areas and according to the prefect of
19553:
18890:
18514:
18394:
18242:
18140:
18087:
18060:
17722:
17373:
17232:
13511:
12560:
12032:
Genetics in geographically structured populations:defining, estimating and interpreting FST
11429:
10543:
10482:
10218:
8359:
8077:
7922:
4856:, on the other hand, indicate that Tatars are counted together with Turks in Islam millet.
3130:
3047:
1983:
1887:
1639:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1296:
1242:
1175:
1155:
1025:
748:
660:
15295:
Stephen K. Wegren: "Land reform in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe" 1998 pp.209
13318:"ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В БРОЯ НА НАСЕЛЕНИЕТО ПО БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ ЗЕМИ В СЪСТАВА НА ОСМАНСКАТА ИМПЕРИЯ]"
12125:"ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В БРОЯ НА НАСЕЛЕНИЕТО ПО БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ ЗЕМИ В СЪСТАВА НА ОСМАНСКАТА ИМПЕРИЯ]"
11921:
8837:
were to be restored to their former owners on the latter's demand, whilst other returning
8208:. Deportations in both directions occurred throughout the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries.
5208:
and Russian diplomat Vladimir Teplov. The estimates can be found in a tabular form below:
1775:
Relative share of the self-identified Turkish ethnic group according to regions as of 2021
1103:
8:
19417:
18705:
18440:
18202:
17933:
17913:
17908:
17903:
17835:
17809:
17455:
17427:
14513:
14365:
14081:[Demographic Structure of Turkey in Europe in 1878 in British Consular Reports*]
14079:"İngiltere Konsolosluk Raporlarında 1878 Yılında Türkiye Avrupa'sının Demografi k Yapısı"
12584:
12498:"Структура на населението по вероизповедание (Structure of the population by confession)"
12005:
Y-STR variation among Slavs: evidence for the Slavic homeland in the middle Dnieper basin
11500:"Census 2021: 84.6% of population define themselves as Bulgarians, 8.4% Turks, 4.4% Roma"
10539:
8016:
7918:
7859:
7169:
7076:
Male/female aggregated figures presuming equal number of men and women, as suggested by
5404:
5205:
4292:
from the Sanjak of Sofia (male Muslim population of 2,755) to the Ottoman Empire and the
3031:
2951:
2893:
2239:
2047:
1779:
Distribution of the Bulgarian Turks by province, according to the 2021 Bulgarian census.
1760:
1539:
1481:
1410:
727:
717:
712:
449:
418:
14895:
Genocide in the Age of the Nation State: The Rise of the West and the Coming of Genocide
11211:
4300:(male Muslim population of 149) from the Sanjak of Niš to the Principality of Bulgaria.
19098:
18900:
18810:
18710:
18300:
18118:
17840:
17830:
17522:
17322:
17249:
17178:
16290:
16288:
16282:„Турската етническа група в България (1878–2001)” н.с.д-р Надежда Илиева от НИГГГ – БАН
15804:
15785:
Dr. Dainov, Evgenii: "Transition, Violence and the Role of NGOs: the Case of Bulgaria"
14990:
14790:
The Mid-Nineteenth Century Ottoman Bulgaria from the Viewpoints of the French Travelers
13772:
13712:
13533:
13383:
THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY OTTOMAN BULGARIA FROM THE VIEWPOINTS OF THE FRENCH TRAVELERS
11851:
R.J.Crampton. "A concise history of Bulgaria", p. 36. Cambridge University Press, 1997.
11661:
9974:
9389:
9268:
9152:
9140:
9066:
8804:
8463:
8422:
The estimates of the number of Turks in the current Bulgarian territories prior to the
8310:
8170:
7679:
Data for the 1887 and 1892 census is borrowed from historian R.J. Crampton's Bulgaria.
7188:
7173:
7165:
7077:
5525:
5319:
5197:
4296:
from the Sanjak of Varna (male Muslim population of 6,675) to Romania and attached the
4285:
3666:
3526:
3046:, the male population in the Ottoman kazas that fall within the current borders of the
2576:
1807:
1721:
1717:
1638:, the male population in the Ottoman kazas that fall within the current borders of the
1612:
1159:
1131:
1013:
909:
824:
819:
743:
355:
264:
58:
17191:
Ethnic Cleansing During the Cold War: The Forgotten 1989 Expulsion of Bulgaria's Turks
17018:
Ethnic Cleansing During the Cold War: The Forgotten 1989 Expulsion of Bulgaria's Turks
16175:
Ethnic Cleansing During the Cold War: The Forgotten 1989 Expulsion of Bulgaria's Turks
16084:Узунова Р.:"Част Трета: "ГОРЕЩОТО" ЛЯТО на '89а" Глава І. Системата срещу мюсюлманите
12836:"Ottoman Policies on Circassian Refugees in the Danube Vilayet in the 1860s and 1870s"
9844:
9273:"All Bulgarian citizens are equal under the laws of the People's Republic of Bulgaria"
9245:"It was interesting how they endured the entire water from the fire fighters' cisterns
8855:
In July 1878 the Russian Provisional Administration had come to an agreement with the
8630:: Founded on 1 September 1905 by Mehmet Teftiş, Tuna was a daily newspaper printed in
8007:
in his military campaigns. It is thought that during this campaign Seljuks settled in
7160:
Foreign estimates for the pre-war population of Eastern Rumelia/the Adrianople Vilayet
1115:
19256:
19155:
18616:
18474:
17866:
17760:
17750:
17707:
17463:
17282:
17268:
17253:
17194:
17182:
17144:
17073:
17059:
17051:
17035:
17021:
17000:
16986:
16972:
16958:
16944:
16642:
16555:
16225:
16178:
16106:
16059:
15963:
15533:
15330:
15111:
14956:"Papers Past — Star — 6 Whiringa-ā-rangi 1878 — THE REPORT OF THE RHODOPE COMMISSION"
14899:
14860:
14636:
Charles King:The Moldovans: Romania, Russia, and the politics of culture" 1999 pp.210
14627:
John Renard: "Tales of God's friends: Islamic hagiography in translation" 2009 pp.136
13979:
13598:
13552:
13537:
13345:
13277:
13201:
13142:
13071:
13031:
12802:
12747:
12678:
12648:
12370:
12331:
12304:
12265:
12004:
11836:
11636:"Хиляди български турци не успяха да дадат своя вот в Кипър : : Novinar.bg"
11466:
11414:
9957:
Over 3200 locations in Bulgaria are also known by some Turks in their Turkish names.
9125:
The assimilation policy targeted first the Bulgarian speaking Muslim population, the
8932:
was undoubtedly an important factor in the easy attainment of Bulgarian supremacy in
8521:
8180:
In addition to voluntary migrations, the Ottoman authorities used mass deportations (
7124:
5145:
4905:
3696:
3314:
3003:
2358:
1903:
1756:
1584:
1312:
1308:
1288:
1284:
1167:
979:
944:
914:
857:
834:
802:
774:
696:
455:
16904:
Diyanet as a Turkish Foreign Policy Tool: Evidence from the Netherlands and Bulgaria
16717:
16285:
11948:
9734:
it won 7.6% of the vote and remained with 24 seats in а 240-seat parliament. In the
9580:
Turkish refugees from Eastern Rumelia in 1885. The Illustrated London News, author:
8775:
also took part in the seizures. In later months the publication of the terms of the
8568:
Between 1895 and 1945 there were several well known Turkish newspapers in Bulgaria:
8184:) as a method of control over potentially rebellious elements in the Balkans and in
1708:
Today, the Turks of Bulgaria are concentrated in two rural areas, in the Northeast (
1701:. The migration peaked in 1989, when 360,000 Turks left Bulgaria as a result of the
19563:
19209:
19056:
18925:
18857:
18786:
18730:
18715:
18700:
18685:
18655:
18645:
18621:
18557:
18464:
18150:
18055:
17928:
17677:
17672:
17660:
17650:
17645:
17635:
17630:
17574:
17552:
17532:
17517:
17468:
17432:
17392:
17354:
17241:
17216:
17170:
14814:
14672:
13991:
13947:
13610:
13564:
13523:
13289:
13213:
13154:
13083:
13043:
12847:
12814:
12759:
12690:
12164:"Ethno-Cultural Characteristics of the Bulgarian Population as at 7 September 2021"
11439:
10996:
10623:
10551:
10144:
9810:
9596:
9172:
9079:
9070:
8949:
8726:
8592:
and printed by Filibeli Rıza Paşa. The newspaper's operations temporarily moved to
8529:
8251:
8216:
8026:
7980:
7807:
7248:
5610:
5546:
5500:
4861:
4853:
4590:
3709:
Ethnoconfessional Groups in the "five Bulgarian sanjaks" as per the 1873-74 Census
2991:
2792:
2557:
2191:
2111:
2095:
1967:
1935:
1871:
1823:
1725:
1713:
1439:
1406:
1402:
1292:
1279:
1234:
1171:
1139:
1000:
996:
964:
957:
904:
879:
686:
665:
615:
610:
600:
595:
590:
585:
565:
543:
527:
512:
491:
459:
428:
403:
377:
256:
115:
75:
17174:
16576:
16388:
8414:
8053:
4834:
3355:
19635:
19573:
19180:
19091:
18930:
18910:
18815:
18805:
18791:
18720:
18680:
18675:
18541:
18495:
18469:
18123:
18013:
18008:
17918:
17783:
17755:
17717:
17702:
17697:
17665:
17655:
17622:
17512:
17500:
17437:
17417:
17108:
16933:
16679:
16582:
16448:
16442:
16154:
16024:
15992:
15897:
15792:
15712:
15694:
15675:
15575:
15519:
15500:
15481:
15462:
15443:
15424:
15257:
14841:
14236:
13184:
12599:
12590:
12364:
12049:
12029:
12011:
11687:
11474:
11434:
10096:
9802:
9600:
9314:
9223:
the killed was a 17-month-old Turkish baby. The killed were from the villages of
9101:
8979:
8944:
8933:
8929:
8921:
8901:
8877:
8791:
8593:
8439:
8045:
7819:
7669:
7659:
7092:
5622:
5552:
5478:
5474:
5462:
5212:
1876 foreign estimates about the Turkish/Muslim population of the Danube Vilayet
4826:
4822:
4810:
4650:
3810:
3419:
3411:
3407:
3351:
3347:
3335:
3303:
3198:
2207:
2159:
2143:
2127:
2079:
1999:
1855:
1839:
1694:
1338:
1163:
1042:
989:
969:
939:
919:
884:
769:
691:
655:
645:
640:
635:
605:
575:
486:
481:
433:
413:
205:
17245:
16037:
16017:
14819:
14802:
13996:
13615:
13569:
13294:
13218:
13159:
13088:
13048:
12819:
12764:
12695:
11606:
9611:
7180:(Rodosto) and largely overlapped with the historical and geographical region of
19609:
19492:
19241:
18996:
18920:
18862:
18781:
18725:
18690:
18665:
18650:
18581:
18408:
18373:
18365:
17887:
17882:
17861:
17788:
17712:
17682:
17595:
17569:
17564:
17527:
17346:
17332:
17319:
17020:(Ser: Routledge Studies in Modern European History). London: Routledge, 328pp.
16512:
15738:"В Корница не искат извинения за възродителния процес : : Novinar.bg"
14708:
14597:
14329:
12363:
Giordano, Christian; Kostova, Dobrinka; Lohmann-Minka, Evelyne (January 2000).
11922:"Професор Илбер Ортайлъ: Султаните Фатих и Махмуд са заселили Родопите с турци"
10815:
10494:
10470:
9710:
9621:
9282:
9180:
9160:
9001:
8912:
8905:
8872:
8861:
8838:
8772:
8755:
8746:
8722:
8517:
8502:
8459:
8435:
8431:
8427:
8402:
symmetrical house. Innovations were derived from the Ottoman house and market (
8287:
8282:
8130:
8118:
7984:
7231:
7108:
5521:
5470:
5466:
5240:
5189:
5150:
4889:
4818:
4814:
4297:
3818:
3794:
3415:
3403:
3343:
3339:
3327:
3255:
3050:
stood at 496,744 people, including 296,769 Christians, 181,455 Muslims, 17,474
3027:
3002:
included not only Turks, but all other Muslims, including, but not limited to,
2223:
2175:
1919:
1399:
1304:
1300:
1190:
1186:
1147:
1107:
Voluntary Turkish soldiers in Kardzali Streets during independence movement of
874:
839:
829:
779:
764:
650:
620:
553:
522:
517:
476:
335:
317:
19378:
18776:
17262:
17220:
16924:
8783:
province as helping themselves to émigré land "in a most arbitrary fashion" .
3310:
Ottoman population records (1860-1875) for the future Principality of Bulgaria
1438:. However, no procedure has been developed to date for testing whether single-
1353:
values, the Turks from Bulgaria are most related to Bulgarians, thereafter to
19657:
19647:
19537:
19342:
19312:
19246:
19185:
19077:
19070:
19017:
18905:
18895:
18670:
18490:
17727:
17488:
15383:
14579:
11757:
10987:
10906:
10743:
10412:
10132:
9718:
9625:
9377:
9318:
9286:
9114:
9113:) survived, until it ceased to be published in 1985. Significantly, the new "
8865:
8856:
8650:: Founded in 1921 by Hafız Abdullah Meçik and published every second week in
8324:
8142:
8057:
7239:
7227:
4734:
4533:
4111:
3975:
3932:
3529:
and Palairet, the total population for 1860 is 1,348,499 people, divided into
2300:
1951:
1741:
1679:
1222:
1217:
Turkic tribes. According to local tradition, following a resettlement policy
894:
18161:
17288:
16906:", Politics and Religion, Volume 11, Issue, September 2018, pp. 624–648
16418:
13951:
12715:
12527:
11743:
Islam in the Balkans: Religion and Society Between Europe and the Arab World
9069:"-like policy was implemented, as Turkish minority members were accepted to
7988:
3669:
and Palairet, the total population for 1860 is 1,383,174 people, dividedinto
19585:
19452:
19437:
19251:
19190:
19160:
19124:
19084:
18948:
18820:
18797:
18565:
18501:
18388:
17998:
17400:
16691:
14014:
12879:
Pinson, Mark (1973). "Ottoman Colonization of Crimean Tatars in Bulgaria".
12637:Балканският град ХV–ХIХ век. Социално-икономическо и демографско изследване
12497:
11949:"Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in three major population groups in Bulgaria"
11789:
11712:"Avusturya'daki Bulgaristan Türkleri hala Bulgar isimlerini neden taşıyor?"
10863:
10695:
9398:
9336:
9250:
On the same day, 26 December 1984, the Turkish community in the village of
8654:. Yoldaş was one of the first Turkish children's publications in Bulgaria.
8348:
8306:
8102:
8012:
7921:
by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the
5836:
5540:
5166:
5139:
3430:
Muslims vs. Non-Muslims in the "five Bulgarian sanjaks" in 1860 & 1875
3392:
3185:
1331:
496:
294:
13528:
12479:
12041:
Olivier J. Hardy,*,1 Nathalie Charbonnel, Helene Freville, Myriam Heuertz
8450:
the Muslims had been dominant in the northeast a century earlier. In 1876
7164:
According to Turkish Ottomanist Kemal Karpat, the total population of the
19589:
19472:
19467:
19411:
18915:
18831:
18758:
18627:
18608:
18431:
18276:
18133:
17943:
17557:
15771:
Eminov, Ali: Turkish and Other Muslim Minorities of Bulgaria, 1997, pp.92
12852:
12455:"71.5% are the Christians in Bulgaria - Novinite.com - Sofia News Agency"
11004:
10969:
10755:
10731:
10563:
10458:
10289:
10036:
9806:
9700:
9696:
9260:
9255:
9164:
8846:
8832:
guaranteed Turkish property rights and restored southern Bulgaria to the
8375:
8271:
8197:
8134:
8122:
8114:
8049:
8022:
7698:
Dominant ethnic groups by cadastral division according to the 2011 census
7199:
6841:
6531:
6091:
5576:
5564:
4342:
Ethnoconfessional Groups in the Danube Vilayet as per the 1873-74 Census
4289:
3885:
3172:
3051:
3019:
1737:
1643:
1421:
should be preferred or when there is high gene flow within populations, F
1369:
remain most unrelated according to them both. The study claims that the F
1210:
869:
280:
169:
17193:(Ser: Routledge Studies in Modern European History). London: Routledge.
15914:
15647:
13499:: Correspondance Politique des Consuls. Turguie (Tulqa). 1 (1878) 280-82
11833:
The Politics of National Minority Participation in Post-communist Europe
8516:
During the Balkan Wars in August 1913 the majority Muslim population of
1226:
19272:
18519:
17493:
15592:
15387:
15129:"The Reasons for Immigration from Western Thrace to Turkey (1923–1950)"
14994:
13601:[Population and Demography of the Danube Vilayet (1864-1877)].
13555:[Population and Demography of the Danube Vilayet (1864-1877)].
13280:[Population and Demography of the Danube Vilayet (1864-1877)].
13204:[Population and Demography of the Danube Vilayet (1864-1877)].
13074:[Population and Demography of the Danube Vilayet (1864-1877)].
12805:[Population and Demography of the Danube Vilayet (1864-1877)].
12750:[Population and Demography of the Danube Vilayet (1864-1877)].
12681:[Population and Demography of the Danube Vilayet (1864-1877)].
11462:
10950:
10942:
10803:
10707:
10671:
10506:
10395:
10371:
9814:
9385:
of 360,000 Turks to Turkey, which became known as "The Big Excursion".
8953:
8897:
8890:
8886:
8821:
8730:
8320:
8295:
8228:
8227:
domains for a while and considered the Balkans their real home, making
8193:
8041:
7996:
5724:
5614:
4620:
4349:
4062:
3716:
2698:
2304:
2296:
1588:
1346:
1218:
1198:
290:
19457:
18601:
16912:
The Human Rights of Muslims in Bulgaria in Law and Politics since 1878
13105:
he Crimean Tatars: The Diaspora Experience and the Forging of a Nation
10982:
Hainboaz mountain pass, known in Bulgaria as the Pass of the Republic
2509:
19487:
19477:
19424:
19391:
19277:
19063:
19025:
19006:
18986:
18961:
18867:
18401:
14584:
The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age, 1300–1600 (The Ottoman Empire)
14151:
Ottoman population, 1830-1914: demographic and social characteristics
13638:
Ottoman Population, 1830-1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics
13472:
Ottoman Population, 1830-1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics
12995:
Ottoman population, 1830-1914: demographic and social characteristics
12962:
Ottoman population, 1830-1914: demographic and social characteristics
12082:
Ottoman population, 1830-1914: demographic and social characteristics
11470:
10897:
10875:
10575:
10359:
10347:
10335:
10048:
9691:
9648:
9365:
9240:
8691:
its writers were either expelled or forced to seek refuge in Turkey.
8687:
8671:
8482:
8220:
8212:
8201:
8189:
8166:
8110:
8000:
7710:
Dominant ethnic groups by municipalities according to the 2011 census
7224:
7074:
Figures available for Islam millet and Bulgar millet/Rum millet only.
4154:
3059:
3007:
1759:
reached 8.1% (vs. 4.1% for 2011), while 35.9% (vs. 26% for 2011) had
1749:
1709:
1651:
1414:
1250:
1238:
105:
15535:
BULGARİSTAN TÜRKLERİ' NİN 1950 – 1951 YILLARINDA TÜRKİYE' YE GÖÇLERİ
14178:
14149:
13636:
13470:
12993:
12960:
12929:
12080:
9860:
8640:: Established in 1921 by the Islamic Teachers Community in Bulgaria
7991:
Yazıcıoğlu Ali describes how Seljuk Turk troops joined their Sultan
5158:
The extreme brutality accompanying the suppression of the Bulgarian
2962:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1550:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
19597:
19442:
19386:
19372:
19357:
19332:
19322:
19292:
18981:
18968:
18954:
18535:
17070:
Death and Exile: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ottoman Muslims, 1821–1922
16358:
16177:. Routledge Studies in Modern European History. London: Routledge.
14414:
14117:
10958:
10719:
10647:
10424:
10383:
10243:
10084:
10011:
9845:
Turkish names of cities, towns, villages and geographical locations
9369:
9224:
9207:
9203:
9135:
8975:
8970:
8916:
8525:
8486:
8379:
8255:
8236:
8224:
8185:
8174:
8146:
8090:
7976:
7972:
7964:
7956:
7815:
7811:
7664:
Data for the 1887 census and all subsequent censuses refers to the
6419:
5892:
5543:. For a discussion of the figures and their accuracy, see Koyuncu.
5532:
5496:
4293:
3678:, whereas the total population for 1875 is 2,241,908, divided into
3538:, whereas the total population for 1875 is 2,066,998, divided into
3251:
3239:
3235:
3231:
1675:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1616:
1592:
1579:
1342:
1206:
1151:
924:
325:
133:
110:
16038:"България | Доган и Костов в битка за малцинствата – Капитал"
14443:"General results of the population census on 1 January 1881, p.10"
14183:
Migrations from the Crimea and Caucasus to the Balkans (1860-1865)
14179:"Migrations From the Crimea and Caucasus to the Balkans 1860 1865"
12934:
Migrations from the Crimea and Caucasus to the Balkans (1860-1865)
12930:"Migrations From the Crimea and Caucasus to the Balkans 1860 1865"
12710:
12708:
12706:
12641:
Society, the City and Industry in the Balkans, 15th-19th Centuries
12557:
Compendium of Cultural Policies and Trends in Europe, 13th edition
8820:
the Provisional Administration had little choice but to allow the
8241:
8235:) their new capital. The Timurid invasions and other upheavals in
8145:
expanded their conquests in the Balkans, they brought nomads from
5531:
Except for Saint Clare, whose estimates were based on the Ottoman
5146:
Foreign estimates for the pre-war population of the Danube Vilayet
2998:
system employed by the Ottoman authorities. Thus, Islam millet or
1230:
19532:
19482:
19432:
19406:
19401:
19362:
19352:
19307:
19302:
19287:
19204:
19150:
19113:
19108:
19001:
18991:
18976:
18825:
18594:
18548:
18459:
18334:
18024:
Turkish diplomats assassinated by Armenian militant organisations
17350:
15392:
The Industrial Revolution in National Context: Europe and the USA
13430:
Ethnographie et statistique de la Turquie d'Europe et de la Grèce
10963:
10851:
10587:
10530:
10404:
10267:
10255:
10231:
10156:
10120:
9660:
9653:
9357:
9310:
9264:
9130:
9042:
8881:
8812:
8735:
8604:. During the congress the Islamic Teachers Community in Bulgaria
8597:
8585:
8575:
8447:
8399:
8353:
8342:
8291:
8263:
8259:
8205:
8162:
8158:
8154:
8106:
8030:
8019:
8008:
7968:
7943:
7823:
7195:
6587:
6363:
6007:
5950:
5780:
5668:
5586:
Population data from the Ottoman records for 1876 follows below (
5560:
5556:
4763:
4503:
4328:
3888:
3011:
1624:
1620:
1596:
1246:
1194:
284:
241:
223:
31:
17134:
A Country Study: Bulgaria – Ethnographic Characteristics (Turks)
16926:
Turks of Bulgaria: Assimilation Policy and Linguistic Oppression
16127:"Flow of Turks Leaving Bulgaria Swells to Hundreds of Thousands"
15866:"България | ДПС и НДСВ почетоха жертвите на преименуването"
15277:
Crampton, R. J, "Bulgaria" Oxford University Press, 2007, pp.288
14764:"General result of the Bulgarian census on 1 January 1881, p.10"
14688:
Ira Marvin Lapidus: "A history of Islamic societies" 2002 pp.252
14600:; "Early mystics in Turkish literature", New York 2006, pp.53–54
13475:. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Pres. pp. 50, 199.
13434:
Ethnography and Statistics of Turkey in Europe as well as Greece
12622:
The Balkan Economies c. 1800-1914: Evolution without Development
12085:. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Pres. pp. 109–115.
8584:: The weekly newspaper was first published on 20 August 1897 in
8068:
7963:
a well founded account is presented of Turkish immigration from
7949:
5547:
Ottoman population records (1876) for the future Eastern Rumelia
5487:
Refers to the five sanjaks to form the Principality of Bulgaria
3661:
Includes 238,033 Muslims (35.3%) and 17,339 Muslim Romani (2.8%)
3521:
Includes 238,033 Muslims (35.3%) and 17,339 Muslim Romani (2.8%)
3010:, etc. and from the 1850s onwards also a large number of Muslim
19507:
19497:
19447:
19396:
19347:
19337:
19317:
19297:
19282:
19196:
19132:
19118:
19050:
19035:
19030:
19011:
18839:
18753:
18259:
18114:
Turkish communities and minorities in the former Ottoman Empire
15326:
The Balkan Economies C.1800–1914: Evolution Without Development
15055:
12703:
11458:
11353:
10839:
10659:
10635:
10599:
10518:
10436:
10311:
10108:
10060:
9986:
9742:
it won 7.6% of the vote and 19 out of 240 seats. It won in the
9361:
9331:
9326:
9290:
9251:
9176:
9168:
9126:
8833:
8808:
8787:
8780:
8751:
8651:
8631:
8621:
8601:
8490:
8395:
8363:
8328:
8275:
8267:
8246:
8232:
8150:
8126:
8098:
8094:
8034:
7181:
6785:
6642:
6307:
6251:
5580:
5572:
5568:
5492:
5235:
4830:
4809:
Only covers the "five Bulgarian sanjaks", i.e., the Sanjaks of
4389:
4066:
4018:
3829:
3821:
3813:
3805:
3797:
3756:
3700:
3555:
3402:
population of the five Bulgarian sanjaks of the Danube Vilayet—
3385:
3359:
3247:
3243:
3023:
1729:
1698:
1671:
1667:
1628:
1608:
1600:
1395:
1387:
372:
187:
151:
16467:
16465:
14665:
Forced Population Transfers in Early Ottoman Imperial Strategy
14303:. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. p. 82.
13901:
Bulgaria Today: the Land and the People, a Voyage of Discovery
13516:
International Journal of Political Science & Urban Studies
12908:] (in German), vol. 1, Leipzig, H. Fries, p. 313
12401:
12161:
9738:
it won 5.4% of the vote and its seats decreased to 15. In the
8451:
8334:
4872:
settlement of Crimean Tatars and Circassians in the province.
3230:
No data about the Christian population of the kazas of Selvi (
2658:
Population by age groups as of February 2011 by ethnic groups
19605:
19502:
19462:
19367:
19327:
19045:
19040:
18872:
18587:
13980:"Population and Demography of the Danube Vilayet (1864-1877)"
13032:"Population and Demography of the Danube Vilayet (1864-1877)"
11375:. In the second dialect, used near Kurdzhali, the forms are;
10226:
Nevrekop was old name of Gotse Delchev, from Greek Νευροκόπι
9998:
9612:
Collapse of Zhivkov regime and civil liberties given to Turks
9322:
9228:
9143:
were Pomaks who had resisted pressure to change their names.
9105:
8962:
8842:
8667:
8455:
8383:
8314:
8192:. Tribal resistance was followed by large-scale transfers of
7217:
6475:
3841:
3826:
3802:
3318:
Danube (Tuna) Vilayet with borders of its constituent sanjaks
3157:
3075:
2526:
Turkish population in Bulgaria by mother tongue (2001 census)
2521:
census in Bulgaria regarding linguistic self-identification:
2284:
2063:
1745:
1604:
1362:
1358:
1214:
1202:
1120:
14929:
14927:
13982:[Tuna Vilâyeti'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi (1864-1877)].
13034:[Tuna Vilâyeti'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi (1864-1877)].
12362:
12327:
Changing Inequalities and Societal Impacts in Rich Countries
12118:
12116:
12114:
12112:
12110:
12108:
12106:
12104:
10546:
in ancient times this city was also known as Philippopolis.
7794:
Distribution of native speakers according to the 1892 census
4315:
3665:
Presuming an equal number of men and women, as suggested by
3525:
Presuming an equal number of men and women, as suggested by
2652:
percent among all people that are aged sixty years or over.
2322:
census in Bulgaria regarding religious self-identification:
19601:
19593:
16462:
16018:
Terrorism Yesterday – netinfo.bg, 27.02.2007 (in Bulgarian)
15891:
14856:
Crisis of the Ottoman Empire: Prelude to Collapse 1839–1878
14047:"1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus Harbi Öncesinde Şarkî Rumeli Nüfusu"
12998:. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press. p. 70.
12965:. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press. p. 70.
12480:"2001 Census: Population by districts and religious groups"
10611:
9833:
9778:
9763:
9747:
9589:
8458:
sancak were detached from the Danube Villayet, joining the
8438:
sancak there were 388,000 Turks and 229,500 Bulgarians, in
8409:
8044:. Sari Saltuk became the hero of an epic, as a dervish and
8037:
7853:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
4399:
4197:
3766:
3097:
3068:
Millets in present-day Bulgaria as per 1831 Ottoman Census
3055:
2887:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
1647:
1475:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
1253:. The Turkish community became an ethnic minority when the
16415:"Actualno.com Новини от България и света, последни новини"
13641:. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Pres. p. 50.
12324:
Nolan, Brian; Checchi, Daniele; McKnight, Abigail (2014).
9247:". The temperature that day was minus 15 degrees Celsius.
8048:
spreading Islam into Europe. As described in the works of
2327:
Turkish population in Bulgaria by confession (2001 census)
17048:
Arabic Language and Bulgarian Turks, Еmigrants in Turkey.
15079:
15077:
15030:"НАЧАЛО – Стара Загора Туристически информационен център"
14941:
14939:
14924:
13341:
Language and Identity in the Middle East and North Africa
12101:
8698:
from Wayne State College has compiled an extensive list:
5567:
kazas, which were ceded back to the Ottoman Empire), the
1275:
16718:"Резултати :: Избори за народни представители 2013"
14618:
Paul R. Brass: "Ethnic groups and the state" 1985 pp.100
9399:
Migration and expulsion of Turks from Bulgaria to Turkey
7168:
in 1877 stood at 1,304,352 people, of whom 526,691 were
15008:
The dark side of democracy: explaining ethnic cleansing
12196:"York Consortium on International and Security Studies"
11688:"sln.be is for sale | www.belgischedomeinnamen.be"
9722:
Distribution of seats by constituency from the election
8924:
had been sold but the five years before union with the
8063:
8033:, whence he entered the service of the powerful Muslim
5495:, which was eventually ceded to Romania along with the
15618:"抜け毛・薄毛・白髪の改善方法集 | 髪の悩みを全て解決するために!髪と頭皮のアンチエイジング!"
15110:
Kemal Şevket Batıbey, Batı Trakya Türk Devleti, 2000,
15074:
14936:
14647:
Yazijioghlu 'Ali on the Christian Turks of the Dobruja
14567:
Yazijioghlu 'Ali on the Christian Turks of the Dobruja
14499:, R. J. Crampton, 2007, Oxford University Press, p.424
8539:
4421:
Flash summary of the 1873-1874 Danube Vilayet census (
3030:
in the 1850s and 1860s, especially as a result of the
1197:
in the late 14th and early 15th centuries, as well as
19619:
16771:"Standard – Single News / Стандарт – Единична новина"
16692:"Bulgaria – The Public And Political Decision Making"
14716:, Department of History, Bilkent University, Ankara,
9146:
1394:
is based on the number of repeat differences between
17983:
17229:
14234:
13919:(1 ed.). London : J. Murray. pp. 8–12
13818:
13816:
12323:
10403:
The name derives from "koşu": running, and "kavak":
9404:
Migration of Muslims to (Ottoman) Turkey, 1877–2007
9027:
5181:
in December 1876 in order to seek a solution to the
3365:
According to the Ottoman almanac for 1859-1860, the
1337:
values, the Turks from Bulgaria are most related to
16887:
Turkish dialect of Kırcaali province and its around
15322:
14009:
14007:
13973:
13971:
13969:
13967:
13965:
13963:
13961:
12162:National Statistical Institute (24 November 2022).
9885:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
9750:). Under the control of the party were 2 out of 17
9679:
9606:
9032:
8301:
5154:
Bulgaria according to the Constantinople Conference
15056:""Karlovo" related terms, short phrases and links"
14803:"Tuna Vilâyeti'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi (1864-1877)"
14040:
14038:
14036:
13599:"Tuna Vilâyeti'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi (1864-1877)"
13553:"Tuna Vilâyeti'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi (1864-1877)"
13278:"Tuna Vilâyeti'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi (1864-1877)"
13202:"Tuna Vilâyeti'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi (1864-1877)"
13072:"Tuna Vilâyeti'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi (1864-1877)"
12803:"Tuna Vilâyeti'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi (1864-1877)"
12748:"Tuna Vilâyeti'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi (1864-1877)"
12679:"Tuna Vilâyeti'nde Nüfus Ve Demografi (1864-1877)"
12624:, New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 25
12060:Inalcik, Halil., "Osmanlilar", Istanbul 2010, p.85
9085:
8406:) buildings in Anatolia, Macedonia, and Bulgaria.
7782:Distribution of Turks according to the 1900 census
7770:Distribution of Turks according to the 1934 census
7758:Distribution of Turks according to the 1946 census
7746:Distribution of Turks according to the 1965 census
7734:Distribution of Turks according to the 1992 census
7722:Distribution of Turks according to the 2001 census
3362:, were ceded to Serbia and Romania, respectively.
1158:. They primarily live in the southern province of
17952:Persecution of Muslims during Ottoman contraction
17281:Library of Congress – Federal Research Division,
15558:(in Bulgarian). Sofia: Center for Advanced Study.
14235:Ubicini, Abdolonyme; de Courteille, Abel (1876),
13852:Selected Essays, with a Memoir by Evelyn Schuyler
13813:
8029:, alongside 40 Turkoman clans. He was settled in
19655:
17141:The History of the Turkish Community in Bulgaria
16768:
16244:
15329:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 174–202.
14004:
13958:
13235:"Arşiv belgelerine göre Niş Sancaği (1839-1878)"
13065:
13063:
13061:
13059:
13013:increased the proportion of Muslims in the area.
12672:
12670:
12668:
12666:
12664:
11946:
9837:parliamentary elections. The party is headed by
9350:
8254:, one going through Thrace and Macedonia to the
16983:Turkish and Other Muslim Minorities of Bulgaria
15735:
15245:
14271:
14154:. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press.
14111:
14109:
14107:
14033:
13937:
13824:"Gladstone, Disraeli and the Bulgarian Horrors"
12228:"The Roma of Bulgaria : A Pariah Minority"
11755:
11425:Turkish minorities in the former Ottoman Empire
11018:
9239:the head of the Ministry of Interior Forces in
8904:were also helped from 1880 onwards because the
8560:and the Union of Turan Communities in Bulgaria
3558:. This was the primary Ottoman destination for
50:
16587:
15834:
15832:
15830:
15781:
15779:
15777:
15722:
15720:
15413:
15411:
15409:
14671:(Thesis). Princeton University. Archived from
13916:Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East
12796:
12794:
12792:
12790:
9120:
2994:rule is difficult to establish because of the
18350:
18191:
18177:
17318:
17304:
16997:The Balkans: From Constantinople to Communism
16883:Bulgaristan Kırcaali ili ve çevresi Türk ağzı
16856:"Bibliographies-Turkish/Dialects in Bulgaria"
16484:. Segabg.com. 18 January 2006. Archived from
16438:
16436:
15981:
15979:
15884:
14852:
14706:
14578:
13735:
13375:
13373:
13311:
13309:
13307:
13305:
13237:[Sanjak of Niš Archives (1839-1878)]
13056:
12923:
12921:
12919:
12917:
12915:
12661:
11809:
11807:
11780:
11778:
11523:
11521:
11494:
11492:
11369:
11361:
9801:out of 18. Two of the MEPs are ethnic Turks (
9791:Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria
9524:225,892 (369,839, to 1990, 154,937 returned)
8073:territories left during population exchanges.
7950:Possible settlement in the pre-Ottoman period
2990:The exact number of Turks in Bulgaria during
1084:
67:
17117:. G. Bell & Sons, London. Archived from
16027:, source verified in the Discussion section.
14362:"Население по етническа група и майчин език"
14104:
13785:
13783:
13662:
13660:
13333:
13331:
11740:
11354:Distribution of Turkish dialects in Bulgaria
9762:, the rest 15 remained under the control of
8418:Population of Bulgaria between 1880 and 1910
5524:& sanjaks, with superimposed borders of
16482:"СЕГА – Стари националисти възраждат ОКЗНИ"
16013:
16011:
16009:
15842:. Segabg.com. 4 August 2011. Archived from
15827:
15774:
15717:
15406:
14891:
14742:Late Ottoman Architects and Master Builders
14657:
14655:
14322:
13881:. London: Bradbury Agnew and Co. p. 89
13707:
13705:
13271:
13269:
13267:
13265:
13263:
13195:
13193:
13136:
13134:
13132:
13130:
13128:
13126:
13025:
13023:
13021:
12827:
12787:
12741:
12739:
12737:
12615:
12613:
12611:
12609:
12607:
11786:"Structure of the population by confession"
11716:Balkan Türkleri Kültür ve Dayanışma Derneği
10999:. Its Bulgarian name means "Old Mountain".
9424:130,000 (of whom half returned) or 500,000
8086:The conquest of the Balkans by the Ottomans
1716:). They form a majority in the province of
18357:
18343:
18184:
18170:
17311:
17297:
17208:Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans
16880:
16433:
16278:
16276:
16274:
16272:
16270:
16268:
15976:
15223:"Select Works by Native Turks in Bulgaria"
15197:"Select Works by Native Turks in Bulgaria"
14537:
14502:
14455:
13544:
13464:
13462:
13408:
13402:
13370:
13302:
12912:
12653:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
12074:
12072:
12070:
12068:
12066:
11804:
11775:
11518:
11489:
11382:
9851:Etymological list of provinces of Bulgaria
9313:'s railway station and another one in the
9214:On 25 December 1984, close to the town of
9139:500 of the 1,300 inmates of the notorious
7658:Data refers to the autonomous province of
2865:
1189:settlers who entered the region after the
1091:
1077:
88:
17984:1956–1989 Assimilation of Bulgarian Turks
17979:Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria (1950-1951)
17267:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
17160:
16312:
16310:
16308:
16306:
16304:
16302:
16300:
16172:
14983:British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies
14818:
14449:
14176:
13995:
13912:
13780:
13657:
13614:
13590:
13568:
13527:
13328:
13293:
13217:
13158:
13116:
13114:
13087:
13047:
12927:
12901:1875–1879: Donau-Bulgarien und der Balkan
12851:
12818:
12763:
12694:
12559:. Council of Europe. 2012. Archived from
11896:"Еркечки Великден | PDF to Flipbook"
11877:
11875:
11734:
9945:Learn how and when to remove this message
9171:had already been forced to give up their
8986:
8362:has shaped and left visible marks on the
7882:Learn how and when to remove this message
7207:of a total population of 760,000 people.
4933:Muhacir households settled in the future
4316:Counting of Crimean and Caucasian Muhacir
2978:Learn how and when to remove this message
2916:Learn how and when to remove this message
1720:(59.0% Turks vs. 26.5% Bulgarians) and a
1578:Turks settled in the territory of modern
1566:Learn how and when to remove this message
1504:Learn how and when to remove this message
17969:1944 Deportation of the Meskhetian Turks
17107:
17011:Balkan Ghosts: A Journey Through History
16773:. Paper.standartnews.com. Archived from
16006:
15805:"redirect to /world/BU/44/Mlechino.html"
14652:
14015:"Visualizations | Koç Üniversitesi"
13872:
13866:
13848:
13776:. 19 September 1876. pp. 5140–5144.
13766:
13741:
13702:
13666:
13427:
13421:
13337:
13260:
13190:
13123:
13102:
13096:
13018:
12985:
12952:
12833:
12734:
12628:
12619:
12604:
12395:
11581:"Nieuwe Turk is Bulgaar|Binnenland"
9822:Bulgarian parliamentary election in 2013
9717:
9709:
9590:Official recognition of ethnic cleansing
9089:
8606:(Bulgaristan Muallimi Islâmiye Cemiyeti)
8558:(Bulgaristan Muallimi Islâmiye Cemiyeti)
8534:Provisional Government of Western Thrace
8413:
8410:Liberation to Communist rule (1878–1946)
8347:
8333:
8319:
8305:
8076:
8067:
7987:. In his Turkish translation called the
7148:Sanjak of Edirne and Sanjak of İslimye.
5515:
5149:
3313:
2508:
2309:
1770:
1114:
1102:
17260:
17114:A History of the First Bulgarian Empire
17032:New Migration Waves of Bulgarian Turks.
16323:International Journal of Human Sciences
16265:
16147:
15551:
14800:
14545:A History of the First Bulgarian Empire
14228:
14207:
14143:
14141:
14139:
14072:
14070:
14068:
14044:
13977:
13940:Southeastern Europe/L'Europe du Sud-Est
13931:
13628:
13596:
13550:
13459:
13446:
13440:
13275:
13199:
13140:
13069:
13029:
12834:Muchinov, Ventsislav (September 2016).
12800:
12745:
12676:
12634:
12402:National Statistical Institute (2022).
12296:
12157:
12155:
12153:
12151:
12149:
12147:
12063:
11979:"Bulgarian_Y_Table.XLSX - Google Drive"
10407:, horse races on a poplar-grown course
9407:
9155:(also "Process of Revival" – Bulgarian:
8674:and Varna until it was closed in 1934.
8642:(Bulgaristan Muallimi Islâmiye Cemiyeti
8520:(including the regions of the Southern
7983:for one of the last Rum Seljuk Sultans
5177:caused the Great Powers to convene the
3398:The Ottoman almanac for 1875 indicates
1748:who could be found particularly in the
1450:estimates are significantly different.
1185:Bulgarian Turks are the descendants of
361:Traditional Areas of Turkish Settlement
14:
19656:
18076:National Socialist Underground murders
18019:Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre
16902:Ahmet Erdi Öztürk and Semiha Sözeri, "
16560:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
16395:from the original on 28 September 2015
16356:
16350:
16297:
16253:from the original on 28 September 2015
16230:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
16111:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
16066:from the original on 24 September 2015
15968:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
15815:from the original on 24 September 2015
15620:. Sofiahotels-link.com. Archived from
15194:
15062:from the original on 28 September 2015
15032:. Tour.starazagora.net. Archived from
14974:
14770:from the original on 24 September 2017
14661:
14364:. Censusresults.nsi.bg. Archived from
14295:
14147:
13634:
13491:
13468:
13447:Kiepert, Heinrich (20 May 1878). "X".
13232:
13111:
12991:
12958:
12897:
12891:
12878:
12772:
12486:from the original on 23 February 2017.
12078:
11872:
11451:
9797:the party won 14.1% of the vote and 3
9271:" at the gates of which it is written
8915:were also encouraged to emigrate from
8223:in 1402, the Ottomans abandoned their
3037:
2336:Adherents from the Turkish population
18338:
18165:
17292:
17204:
16802:. Statlib.nsi.bg:8181. Archived from
16634:
16316:
15531:
14980:
14380:
14310:from the original on 25 February 2017
14158:from the original on 23 November 2022
14124:from the original on 25 November 2022
13830:from the original on 16 November 2019
13645:from the original on 23 November 2022
13503:
13479:from the original on 23 November 2022
13358:from the original on 15 February 2017
13002:from the original on 23 November 2022
12969:from the original on 23 November 2022
12779:"Danube Official Gazette, Year III".
12504:from the original on 25 December 2009
12410:from the original on 12 February 2023
12278:from the original on 14 February 2016
12261:Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations
12208:from the original on 29 February 2008
12188:
12176:from the original on 24 November 2022
12089:from the original on 23 November 2022
11668:from the original on 13 December 2010
11642:from the original on 29 December 2013
11506:from the original on 27 November 2022
11026:The list of noted writers includes:
8493:which escaped from the Ottoman rule.
7072:Kaza to remain in the Ottoman Empire.
6897:Eastern Rumelia Total Male Population
3138:Healthy taxable men aged 15–60 years
2535:Speakers from the Turkish population
17957:Exodus of Muslims from Serbia (1862)
15872:from the original on 13 January 2016
15744:from the original on 15 October 2021
15167:from the original on 8 February 2017
14898:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 225.
14859:. Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 42.
14216:from the original on 4 February 2023
14136:
14092:from the original on 8 December 2022
14065:
14053:from the original on 4 February 2023
14021:from the original on 9 February 2023
13667:Muchinov, Ventislav (January 2013).
13509:
13390:from the original on 2 February 2017
13338:Suleiman, Yasir (16 December 2013).
13315:
13248:from the original on 4 February 2023
12840:Journal of Caucasian Studies (JOCAS)
12722:from the original on 9 February 2023
12144:
12122:
11959:from the original on 15 October 2021
11928:from the original on 2 February 2017
11902:from the original on 15 January 2018
11617:from the original on 2 November 2022
11587:from the original on 5 November 2012
9883:adding citations to reliable sources
9854:
9206:(Present name of Süt Kesiği). While
9163:. By 1984 other Muslims, mostly the
8064:Settlement during the Ottoman period
7979:finished in 1281 and was written in
7893:
7835:
3258:) and its three constitunet nahiyas.
2927:
2869:
2339:Adherents from the total population
1515:
1457:
1349:and others; while according to the R
97:Regions with significant populations
19689:Middle Eastern diaspora in Bulgaria
16971:, 1997, Cambridge University Press
16957:, 1987, Cambridge University Press
16835:from the original on 9 January 2015
16769:Kosta Kostadinov (6 January 1990).
16635:Pirro, Andrea L. P. (5 June 2015).
16600:. ethnopolitics.org. Archived from
16417:. Lead.actualno.com. Archived from
14962:from the original on 6 October 2015
14115:
13875:"Mr. Schuyler's Preliminary Report"
13723:from the original on 6 October 2022
12297:Nations, United (9 February 2004).
12233:. Ethnopolitics.org. Archived from
11947:Boriana Zaharova (1 January 2002).
11561:from the original on 10 August 2016
11012:Literally means "Middle Mountain".
9756:Ministry of Agriculture and Forests
9304:
8716:
8709:), and by 1939, a single newspaper
8540:Turkish press in Bulgaria 1879–1945
5196:; French scholars and orientalists
2538:Speakers from the total population
2517:A table showing the results of the
2318:A table showing the results of the
2314:Distribution of Muslims in Bulgaria
505:Turkish minorities in North Africa:
442:Turkish minorities in the Caucasus:
24:
19674:Demographics of the Ottoman Empire
18364:
17154:
17095:The Global Review of Ethnopolitics
16853:
16797:"iLib – Пълнотекстово разглеждане"
16655:from the original on 3 August 2021
16509:"Българска Социалистическа Партия"
16391:. Novinite.com. 11 February 2010.
16369:from the original on 3 August 2021
16148:Flamini, Roland (14 August 1989).
15343:from the original on 3 August 2021
14912:from the original on 3 August 2021
14873:from the original on 3 August 2021
14723:from the original on 8 August 2017
14596:Mehmet Fuat Köprülü, Gary Leiser,
14423:from the original on 3 August 2021
14208:KOYUNCU, Aşkın (1 December 2013).
14045:KOYUNCU, Aşkın (1 December 2013).
13690:from the original on 26 March 2023
12860:from the original on 10 April 2023
12383:from the original on 3 August 2021
12344:from the original on 3 August 2021
9830:People's Party Freedom and Dignity
9795:2009 European Parliament elections
9690:At the end of 1984 an underground
8258:and the other passing through the
1264:
1162:and the northeastern provinces of
1109:Turkish Republic of Western Thrace
705:Turkish diasporas in Central Asia:
679:Turkish diasporas in the Americas:
386:Turkish minorities in the Balkans:
25:
19710:
16943:, 1983, East European Monographs
16862:from the original on 24 July 2011
16698:from the original on 5 April 2016
16150:"Refugees A Modern Balkan Exodus"
15555:Икономика на Възродителния процес
15126:
14460:. National Statistical Institute.
14412:
14388:"Place of Birth Statistics, 2014"
14342:from the original on 27 July 2013
14189:from the original on 8 April 2023
14177:ÇETİNKAYA, Mehmet (August 2022).
13913:Gladstone, William Ewart (1876).
13379:
12940:from the original on 8 April 2023
12928:ÇETİNKAYA, Mehmet (August 2022).
12716:"Balkan ethnic maps - New Map 13"
12022:Kent E. Holsinger, Bruce S. Weir
9028:During Communist rule (1945–1989)
8025:was forced to take refuge in the
3699:, living mostly in the region of
1271:Genetic studies on Turkish people
469:Turkish minorities in the Levant:
19641:
19629:
19600:, distinct from Levantine (i.e.
18272:; 3,684 "Vlachs", 891 Romanians)
18146:Turks in the former Soviet Union
16874:
16847:
16821:
16789:
16762:
16736:
16724:from the original on 7 June 2013
16710:
16684:
16667:
16628:
16619:
16568:
16527:
16500:
16474:
16453:
16407:
16381:
16341:
16238:
16191:
16166:
16141:
16133:. 15 August 1989. Archived from
16119:
16078:
16052:
16030:
15997:
15929:
15902:
15868:. Dnevnik.bg. 26 December 2001.
15858:
15797:
15765:
15756:
15736:Любен Обретенов (1 April 2002).
15729:
15700:
15681:
15662:
15636:
15610:
15581:
15562:
15545:
15525:
15506:
15487:
15468:
15449:
15430:
15397:
15377:
15364:
15355:
15316:
15307:
15298:
15289:
15280:
15271:
15262:
15233:from the original on 8 July 2012
15215:
15203:from the original on 8 July 2012
15188:
15179:
15153:
15120:
15104:
15095:
15086:
15048:
15022:
15013:
15000:
14948:
14885:
14846:
14827:
14794:
14782:
14756:
14747:
14734:
14707:Grigor Boykov (September 2004),
14700:
14691:
14682:
14662:Hooper, Paul Lovell (May 2003).
14639:
14630:
14621:
14612:
14603:
14590:
14572:
14559:
14550:
14528:
14512:. NSI. 1900–2011. Archived from
14490:
14464:
14435:
14406:
14394:from the original on 13 May 2019
14354:
14289:
14280:
14262:
14250:
14076:
13801:from the original on 4 July 2019
12300:World Economic and Social Survey
11985:from the original on 31 May 2020
11722:from the original on 15 May 2019
11535:from the original on 16 May 2019
10945:region. In the aftermath of the
9859:
9686:Movement for Rights and Freedoms
9680:Movement for Rights and Freedoms
9638:Movement for Rights and Freedoms
9607:Turks in post-Communist Bulgaria
9573:
9561:
9549:
9345:Movement for Rights and Freedoms
9065:("New Life"). In 1947, even an "
9033:Initial improvements (1944–1956)
9024:were printed in Bulgarian only.
8302:Ottoman architecture in Bulgaria
7898:
7840:
7799:
7787:
7775:
7763:
7751:
7739:
7727:
7715:
7703:
7691:
7187:According to French orientalist
2932:
2874:
2646:
1520:
1462:
324:
234:
216:
198:
180:
162:
144:
126:
17097:Vol. 1, no. 4, June 2002, 42–59
16923:Can, T. & Todorov, . M.S.,
16896:
16317:Yakar, Mustafa (1 March 2013).
16040:. Capital.bg. 11 September 1998
14201:
14170:
13978:KOYUNCU, Aşkın (January 2014).
13906:
13893:
13873:MacGahan, Januarius A. (1876).
13842:
13760:
13748:. London: Bradbury Agnew and Co
13742:MacGahan, Januarius A. (1876).
13597:KOYUNCU, Aşkın (January 2014).
13551:KOYUNCU, Aşkın (January 2014).
13226:
13167:
13141:KOYUNCU, Aşkın (January 2014).
13070:KOYUNCU, Aşkın (January 2014).
13030:KOYUNCU, Aşkın (January 2014).
12906:Danube Bulgaria and the Balkans
12872:
12801:KOYUNCU, Aşkın (January 2014).
12746:KOYUNCU, Aşkın (January 2014).
12677:KOYUNCU, Aşkın (January 2014).
12578:
12542:
12516:
12490:
12472:
12447:
12422:
12356:
12317:
12290:
12252:
12220:
12135:
12054:
12035:
12016:
11997:
11971:
11940:
11914:
11888:
11863:
11854:
11845:
11825:
11749:
9870:needs additional citations for
9820:According to exit polls of the
9732:parliamentary elections in 1991
9086:Assimilation policy (1956–1989)
8574:: The newspaper was founded in
2299:(107,777 Muslims or 16.9%) and
1766:
1693:and the autonomous province of
1036:Presidency of Religious Affairs
17897:Diaspora in Post-Soviet States
16941:Bulgaria: 1878–1918, A History
16909:Bulgarian Helsinki Committee,
15591:. Dariknews.bg. Archived from
14296:Curtis, Glenn E., ed. (1993).
12643:], Sofia, pp. 296–297
12141:Troebst, 1994; Bachvarov, 1997
11704:
11680:
11654:
11628:
11599:
11583:. Telegraaf.nl. 21 July 2009.
11573:
11547:
10780:Tsar Kaloyan, Razgrad Province
8097:base for further conquests in
8093:, establishing a firm Turkish
4382: Christian Romani (0.68%)
4370: Misc. Christians (3.53%)
4358: Establ. Muslims (34.39%)
3749: Christian Romani (0.68%)
3743: Misc. Christians (1.47%)
3725: Establ. Muslims (34.17%)
2654:
13:
1:
18044:Assassination of Galip Balkar
18034:Assassination of Orhan Gündüz
17175:10.1080/00263206.2021.1917394
16969:A Concise History of Bulgaria
16744:"Гюнер Тахир – лидер на НДПС"
14958:. Paperspast.natlib.govt.nz.
13927:– via Internet Archive.
13107:. Boston: Brill. p. 205.
12524:"Population by mother tongue"
11835:, p. 238. M.E. Sharpe, 2000.
11815:"Ethnic minority communities"
11771:, Centre for Islamic Studies.
11483:
11367:. In formal Turkish they are
10169:Golyamo Tsarkvishte (village)
8590:Mektebi Mülkiye Ulumu Siyasie
7244:National Assembly of Bulgaria
7096:
4947:Number of households settled
4852:, French Bianconi and German
4408: Roman Catholics (0.31%)
3391:According to Turkish scholar
3116:(healthy taxable men over 15
1689:and the establishment of the
1687:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
1237:) were settled mainly in the
890:Culture of the Ottoman Empire
736:Turkish diasporas in Oceania:
19684:Muslim communities in Europe
18039:Assassination of Erkut Akbay
17777:Diaspora in the Persian Gulf
16955:A History of Modern Bulgaria
16746:. Events. Bg. Archived from
15840:"СЕГА – Технология на злото"
15323:Michael R. Palairet (2003).
13233:OSMANİ, Mead (28 May 2018).
11019:Bulgarian Turkish literature
10947:Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78
10031:Village in Razgrad Province
9582:Richard Caton Woodville, Jr.
9039:proletarian internationalism
8596:before returning to back to
8501:political atmosphere of the
7210:
5179:Conference of Constantinople
4364: Çerkes Muhacir (5.64%)
3731: Çerkes Muhacir (2.70%)
3332:Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78
3140:
3137:
1802:Total provincial population
1259:Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78
815:Prehistory of Eastern Thrace
7:
19694:Turkish diaspora by country
18029:Assassination of Taha Carım
17246:10.1080/0090599032000115484
16936:, 2004, Syracuse University
16919:Bulgarian Olympic Committee
16889:] (in Turkish). Edirne.
16881:Salimehmed, Naylen (2006).
16638:The Radical Right in Europe
15370:Leften Stavros Stavrianos,
14820:10.7827/TurkishStudies.7023
14298:"Bulgaria: A country study"
14212:(in Turkish). p. 187.
14085:(in Turkish). p. 158.
13997:10.7827/TurkishStudies.7023
13616:10.7827/TurkishStudies.7023
13570:10.7827/TurkishStudies.7023
13295:10.7827/TurkishStudies.7023
13219:10.7827/TurkishStudies.7023
13160:10.7827/TurkishStudies.7023
13089:10.7827/TurkishStudies.7023
13049:10.7827/TurkishStudies.7023
12820:10.7827/TurkishStudies.7023
12783:(in Bulgarian). 7 May 1867.
12765:10.7827/TurkishStudies.7023
12696:10.7827/TurkishStudies.7023
12550:"Country Profile: Bulgaria"
11531:(in Turkish). Tbmm.gov.tr.
11393:
11330:Aysel İsmailova Süleymanova
11163:Mukaddes Akmonova – Saidova
9832:(PPFD) in a coalition with
9121:Campaign against the Pomaks
8871:After the departure of the
8754:had made it clear that the
8686:: Founded in April 1929 in
8666:: Founded on 6 May 1928 in
8562:(Turan Cemiyetleri Birliği)
7810:speakers in 1887 including
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6984:Eastern Rumelia GRAND TOTAL
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6910:
6900:
6887:
6881:
6875:
6869:
6863:
6857:
6851:
6845:
6831:
6825:
6819:
6813:
6807:
6801:
6795:
6789:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6688:
6682:
6676:
6670:
6664:
6658:
6652:
6646:
6633:
6627:
6621:
6615:
6609:
6603:
6597:
6591:
6577:
6571:
6565:
6559:
6553:
6547:
6541:
6535:
6521:
6515:
6509:
6503:
6497:
6491:
6485:
6479:
6465:
6459:
6453:
6447:
6441:
6435:
6429:
6423:
6409:
6403:
6397:
6391:
6385:
6379:
6373:
6367:
6353:
6347:
6341:
6335:
6329:
6323:
6317:
6311:
6297:
6291:
6285:
6279:
6273:
6267:
6261:
6255:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6197:
6187:
6177:
6167:
6150:
6144:
6136:
6130:
6124:
6116:
6106:
6096:
6076:
6068:
6058:
6050:
6042:
6032:
6022:
6012:
5996:
5990:
5984:
5978:
5972:
5966:
5960:
5954:
5940:
5932:
5926:
5920:
5914:
5908:
5902:
5896:
5882:
5876:
5870:
5864:
5858:
5852:
5846:
5840:
5826:
5820:
5814:
5808:
5802:
5796:
5790:
5784:
5770:
5764:
5758:
5752:
5746:
5740:
5734:
5728:
5714:
5708:
5702:
5696:
5690:
5684:
5678:
5672:
5481:which were merged into the
5106:
5098:
5090:
5082:
5074:
5066:
5058:
5050:
5042:
5034:
5026:
5018:
5010:
5002:
4994:
4986:
4978:
4970:
4962:
4954:
4376: Muslim Romani (2.19%)
3737: Muslim Romani (2.39%)
2958:the claims made and adding
2504:
2278:
1546:the claims made and adding
576:Turkish diasporas in Europe
10:
19715:
19699:Turkish diaspora in Europe
18093:Banya Bashi Mosque clashes
18071:1993 Solingen arson attack
17013:, 1994, Vintage Departures
16173:Kamusella, Tomasz (2018).
15646:. Abvg.net. Archived from
14807:Journal of Turkish Studies
14246:], Dumaine, p. 91
13855:, Scribner, pp. 66–74
13510:Omer, Metin (March 2019).
13344:. Routledge. p. 102.
13241:(in Turkish). p. 55.
12620:Palairet, Michael (1997),
11769:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
11461:" may refer to either the
11410:Crimean Tatars in Bulgaria
11386:
10930:Village in Omurtag region
10919:Village in Omurtag region
10684:Sokolartsi, Kotel Province
9848:
9760:Minister without portfolio
9683:
9535:
9527:
9519:
9511:
9503:
9495:
9487:
9479:
9467:
9459:
9451:
9443:
9435:
9427:
9419:
8721:The transfer of land from
7946:far beyond their numbers.
7831:
7117: Muslim Romani (9.5%)
7069:
6982:
6895:
6839:
6783:
6696:
6641:
6585:
6529:
6473:
6417:
6361:
6305:
6249:
6088:
6004:
5948:
5890:
5834:
5778:
5722:
5666:
5571:and the kaza of Kızılağaç/
5499:and is currently known as
5459:
5103:
5095:
5087:
5079:
5071:
5063:
5056:Razgrad & Targovishte
5055:
5047:
5039:
5031:
5023:
5015:
5007:
4999:
4991:
4983:
4975:
4967:
4959:
4951:
4898: Muslim Romani (5.9%)
4807:
3658:
3518:
3227:
3202:
3189:
3176:
3162:
3148:
3084: Islam millet (36.5%)
2657:
1453:
1434:is often superior to the F
1268:
1257:was established after the
34:, a medieval Turkic tribe.
29:
19669:Ethnic groups in Bulgaria
19582:
19546:
19520:
19265:
19223:
19169:
19141:
18939:
18881:
18848:
18767:
18744:
18701:Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks
18574:
18528:
18483:
18452:
18381:
18372:
18209:
18199:
18193:Ethnic groups in Bulgaria
18106:
18066:1991 Altun Kupri massacre
17942:
17896:
17875:
17849:
17824:Diaspora in South America
17823:
17802:
17776:
17744:Diaspora in North America
17743:
17620:
17608:
17583:
17543:
17479:
17446:
17370:
17341:
17329:
17283:Country Profile: Bulgaria
17261:Ghodsee, Kristen (2009).
17221:10.1080/14613199908413996
17189:Kamusella, Tomasz. 2018.
17086:, 1990, Osprey Publishing
15991:26 September 2007 at the
15711:26 September 2007 at the
15693:26 September 2007 at the
13849:Schuyler, Eugene (1901),
13411:The Geographical Magazine
12635:Todorov, Nikolai (1972),
12264:. Greenwood Press. 2002.
11763:TDV Encyclopedia of Islam
11405:Bulgarian Turks in Turkey
11400:Bulgaria–Turkey relations
9965:
9962:
9645:Patriotic Party of Labour
9413:
8864:in consultation with the
8424:Russo-Turkish War of 1878
8370:in Macedonia and Epirus,
8137:) led by their chieftain
7913:toward certain viewpoints
7672:combined following their
7657:
5598:
5537:Constantinople Conference
5461:Refers to the Sanjaks of
5239:
5230:
5225:
5222:
5219:
5216:
4941:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3129:
3124:
2632:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2490:
2338:
2335:
2332:
1712:) and the Southeast (the
1180:Bulgarian Turks in Turkey
1135:
536:Other Turkish minorities:
275:
270:
255:
250:
232:
214:
196:
178:
160:
142:
124:
101:
96:
87:
51:
19569:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
19237:Bulgarian Crimean Tatars
18051:1983 Orly Airport attack
17359:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
17016:Kamusella, Tomasz. 2018.
16581:10 November 2010 at the
16447:29 February 2008 at the
14933:R.J.Crampton 1997, p.426
14330:"2011 Census Final data"
13276:KOYUNCU (January 2014).
13200:KOYUNCU (January 2014).
13103:Williams, Brian (2001).
11767:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
11756:İlyas Üzüm (1988–2016).
11445:
10792:Tsenovo, Rousse Province
10768:Topuzovo, Kotel Province
9408:
9147:The "Process of Rebirth"
9041:) and annulled all the "
8941:Principality of Bulgaria
8936:during the early 1880s.
8926:Principality of Bulgaria
8588:by the graduates of the
8005:Michael VIII Palaiologos
7666:Principality of Bulgaria
7266:Native Turkish speakers
6698:Islimiye sanjak subtotal
5483:Principality of Bulgaria
5232:Principality of Bulgaria
5227:Principality of Bulgaria
5223:Ethnoconfessional group
5175:The Crime of the Century
5132:Principality of Bulgaria
4935:Principality of Bulgaria
4880:Principality of Bulgaria
3835:Principality of Bulgaria
3324:Principality of Bulgaria
3026:, etc., expelled by the
1691:Principality of Bulgaria
1255:Principality of Bulgaria
757:Other Turkish diasporas:
30:Not to be confused with
18726:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman
18382:Azerbaijani communities
18322:Does not self-identify
18129:Turks in the Arab world
17994:Bloody Christmas (1963)
17964:Kirkuk Massacre of 1924
16678:30 October 2007 at the
16023:10 October 2007 at the
15896:18 October 2008 at the
15552:Аврамов, Румен (2016).
14840:15 October 2021 at the
14801:Koyuncu, Aşkın (2014).
13952:10.1163/187633377X00177
13795:attackingthedevil.co.uk
13717:attackingthedevil.co.uk
12048:11 October 2016 at the
11420:List of Bulgarian Turks
11389:List of Bulgarian Turks
11383:Notable Bulgarian Turks
10828:Venets, Shumen Province
10475:Civel, Tavşankozlucası
9317:airport on a date when
7993:'Izz al-Din Kayka'us II
7961:Seljuq Sultanate of Rum
7154:333,374 Muslims (35.0%)
5604:Islam millet (Muslims)
5575:and nahiya of Manastir/
5192:; Ottoman army officer
5136:Principality of Romania
4882:by ethnicity, ca. 1875
4414: Armenians (0.19%)
3775: Armenians (0.17%)
2866:Historical Demographics
2595:Others and unspecified
19559:Crimean Tatar diaspora
18736:Western Thracian Turks
18671:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman
18098:Iraqi Turkmen genocide
18081:Murder of Enver Şimşek
17850:Diaspora in South Asia
17383:Bosnia and Herzegovina
17163:Middle Eastern Studies
17143:(in Bulgarian), 2002,
16245:Геновева Червенакова.
15674:7 October 2006 at the
15574:7 October 2006 at the
15518:7 October 2006 at the
15499:7 October 2006 at the
15480:7 October 2006 at the
15461:7 October 2006 at the
15442:7 October 2006 at the
15423:7 October 2006 at the
15372:The Balkans Since 1453
14853:James J. Reid (2000).
12898:Kanitz, Felix (1875),
12010:31 August 2017 at the
11370:
11362:
9723:
9715:
9187:Bulgarian population.
9096:
8987:Language and education
8419:
8356:
8345:
8331:
8317:
8082:
8074:
8015:, in 1261, one of the
7862:by rewriting it in an
7272:Bulgaria's population
7091:Muslims in the future
6164:Filibe sanjak subtotal
5559:(minus the Ahi Çelebi/
5555:. It incorporated the
5528:
5160:April Uprising of 1876
5155:
5128:male-female-aggregated
5116:male-female-aggregated
4878:Muslims in the future
3319:
3254:) as well as Tirnova (
3106: Armenians (0.1%)
2896:by rewriting it in an
2514:
2315:
1776:
1484:by rewriting it in an
1143:
1124:
1112:
810:Prehistory of Anatolia
343:List of Turkish people
68:
19266:Extinct Turkic groups
19224:Turkic minorities in
19171:Turkic minorities in
19142:Turkic minorities in
18940:Turkic minorities in
18418:Georgian Azerbaijanis
18056:1989 Fergana massacre
18004:Afrikaanderwijk riots
17876:Diaspora in East Asia
17072:, 1996, Darwin Press
16932:3 August 2021 at the
16694:. Countrystudies.us.
15762:Crampton 1997, pp.203
15313:Crampton 1983, pp.183
15304:Crampton 1983, pp.179
15268:Crampton 1983, pp.178
15083:Crampton 1983, pp.175
14945:Hupchick 2002, pp.265
14788:Engi̇n Deni̇z Tanir.
14148:Karpat, K.H. (1985).
13635:Karpat, K.H. (1985).
13529:10.14782/ipsus.539390
13469:Karpat, K.H. (1985).
13436:], pp. 50–51
12992:Karpat, K.H. (1985).
12959:Karpat, K.H. (1985).
12598:17 March 2018 at the
12526:. NSI. Archived from
12079:Karpat, K.H. (1985).
11817:. NSI. Archived from
11788:. NSI. Archived from
11741:H. T. Norris (1993).
11387:Further information:
11377:-værin, -væsin, -væri
11371:-yorum, -yorsun, -yor
11363:-yirin, -yisin, -yiri
11049:Muharrem Yumuk Mehmet
11046:Mustafa Serit Alyanak
9726:In the first general
9721:
9713:
9620:As in other parts of
9093:
8818:Treaty of San Stefano
8741:With the outbreak of
8552:Bulgaria rose to 90.
8417:
8351:
8337:
8323:
8309:
8135:Qaraei or Kara Tatars
8080:
8071:
5519:
5293:Stanislas Saint Clair
5194:Stanislas Saint Clair
5171:The Bulgarian Horrors
5153:
3684:1,318,704 Non-Muslims
3581:1875 Ottoman salname
3578:1860 Ottoman salname
3544:1,256,098 Non-Muslims
3441:1875 Ottoman salname
3438:1860 Ottoman salname
3317:
3269:Orthodox Christians,
3160:/Orthodox Christians
3146:Islam millet/Muslims
2512:
2313:
1774:
1118:
1106:
985:Old Anatolian Turkish
138:508,375 (2021 census)
19584:Central Asian (i.e.
19554:Azerbaijani diaspora
18891:Iranian Azerbaijanis
18529:Turkmen communities
18425:Western Azerbaijanis
18395:Iranian Azerbaijanis
18141:Turks in the Balkans
18088:2004 Cologne bombing
18061:1990 Komotini events
17989:1959 Kirkuk massacre
17794:United Arab Emirates
17330:Traditional areas of
17233:Nationalities Papers
16858:. Academic.wsc.edu.
16777:on 28 September 2015
16750:on 28 September 2015
16488:on 28 September 2011
15950:on 26 September 2007
15791:5 March 2009 at the
15650:on 27 September 2015
15624:on 30 September 2015
15532:Özgür, Ulvi (2007).
15199:. Academic.wsc.edu.
15101:Crampton 1987, p. 71
15036:on 30 September 2011
14892:Mark Levene (2005).
14534:Hupchick 2002, pp.10
13899:William Cary (1965)
13428:Bianconi, F (1877),
13380:ENGİN, DENİZ TANIR.
12881:Turk Tarihi Kongresi
12853:10.21488/jocas.50245
12369:. University Press.
12240:on 24 September 2015
12028:3 March 2016 at the
11883:Islam in the Balkans
11860:Hupchick 2002, pp.11
11502:. 24 November 2022.
11430:Turks in the Balkans
11234:Halim Halilibrahimov
10905:Peak in the Central
10544:Philip II of Macedon
10483:Novi Pazar, Bulgaria
10219:Gotse Delchev (town)
9879:improve this article
9752:Bulgarian ministries
8468:NYT 23 November 1877
8360:Ottoman architecture
8211:After the defeat of
4937:by kaza until 1861:
4475:—Established Muslims
3600:Islam millet/Muslims
3460:Islam millet/Muslims
3131:Republic of Bulgaria
3090: Gypsies (3.5%)
3048:Republic of Bulgaria
1640:Republic of Bulgaria
1627:valleys towards the
1361:and the rest, while
1243:Mehmed the Conqueror
1241:area by the sultans
1156:Turks in the Balkans
1144:Bulgaristan Türkleri
790:United Arab Emirates
69:Bulgaristan Türkleri
18575:Turkish communities
18441:Javanshir Qizilbash
17803:Diaspora in Oceania
17544:Turkish minorities
17480:Turkish minorities
17447:Turkish minorities
17371:Turkish minorities
17342:Turkish majorities:
17121:on 13 December 2007
17084:Attila and the Huns
16607:on 20 February 2012
15598:on 26 February 2012
14678:on 29 October 2008.
14456:Ivan Balev (2013).
14368:on 19 December 2015
13324:on 2 February 2017.
13316:Аркадиев, Димитър.
12589:2 June 2012 at the
12566:on 24 December 2012
12131:on 2 February 2017.
12123:Аркадиев, Димитър.
11792:on 25 December 2009
11611:eBas - Kontaktnätet
11139:Sabahattin Bayramov
11100:Hasan Karahüseyinov
11034:Hüseyin Raci Efendi
10968:Deriving from Baba
10712:Cisri Mustafa Paşa
10540:Alexander the Great
9405:
9351:The "Big Excursion"
9157:Възродителен процес
8339:Plovdiv Cuma Mosque
7919:improve the article
7256:
5653:Romani (Christian)
5595:
5405:Vladimir Cherkassky
5213:
5206:Vladimir Cherkassky
4938:
4426:
4290:kaza of Cuma-i Bâlâ
3787:
3676:860,130 Non-Muslims
3571:
3536:810,900 Non-Muslims
3431:
3121:
3114:1831 Ottoman census
3044:1831 Ottoman census
3038:1831 Ottoman census
3032:Circassian genocide
2528:
2395:Orthodox Christians
2329:
1783:
1761:secondary education
1724:in the province of
1710:Ludogorie/Deliorman
1703:Bulgarian communist
1636:1831 Ottoman census
1619:and again from the
1411:nucleotide sequence
1357:, Anatolian Turks,
1119:Turkish Embassy in
1031:Freedom of religion
366:Turkish majorities:
84:
19099:Siberian Bukharans
18901:Chaharmahali Turks
18882:Turkic minorities
18849:Turkic minorities
18768:Turkic minorities
18484:Kyrgyz communities
18453:Kazakh communities
18119:Turkish population
17974:Gavurbağı massacre
17609:Diaspora in Africa
16985:, 1997, Routledge
16720:. Results.cik.bg.
16329:on 7 February 2017
16131:The New York Times
15256:8 May 2007 at the
13773:The London Gazette
13183:3 May 2023 at the
11869:Nicole 1990, pp.45
11821:on 24 August 2017.
11557:. The Sofia Echo.
11184:Ibrahim Kamberoglu
11055:Ali Kemal Balkanlı
11040:Mehmet Müzekka Con
11037:Ali Osman Ayrantok
10125:Hacıoğlu Pazarcık
9724:
9716:
9403:
9390:Belene labour camp
9269:Belene labour camp
9153:Process of Rebirth
9141:Belene labour camp
9097:
9067:affirmative action
8885:were dominated by
8880:had improved. The
8532:) established the
8464:Adrianople Vilayet
8420:
8386:. The centralized
8357:
8346:
8332:
8318:
8311:Banya Bashi Mosque
8298:(Tatar Pazarcik).
8129:from Anatolia and
8083:
8075:
7959:'s History of the
7864:encyclopedic style
7851:is written like a
7255:
7166:Adrianople Vilayet
5593:
5529:
5211:
5156:
4932:
4420:
4286:Congress of Berlin
4021:, Catholics, etc.
3781:
3569:
3566:(Little Tartary):
3429:
3422:—of 405,450 vs. a
3320:
3300:(N=2 x (Y x 2.02))
3112:
3006:or Pomaks, Muslim
2943:possibly contains
2898:encyclopedic style
2885:is written like a
2524:
2515:
2325:
2316:
2293:Orthodox Christian
1782:
1777:
1531:possibly contains
1486:encyclopedic style
1473:is written like a
1125:
1113:
845:Republic of Turkey
825:Byzantine Anatolia
820:Classical Anatolia
42:
19679:Islam in Bulgaria
19617:
19616:
19516:
19515:
19427:
19420:
19381:
19257:Tatars of Romania
19230:
19199:
19156:Mongolian Kazakhs
19127:
19101:
19094:
19087:
19080:
19073:
19066:
19059:
18971:
18964:
18957:
18834:
18800:
18711:Palestinian Turks
18706:Montenegrin Turks
18630:
18611:
18604:
18597:
18590:
18560:
18551:
18544:
18504:
18475:Mongolian Kazakhs
18443:
18434:
18427:
18420:
18411:
18404:
18397:
18332:
18331:
18159:
18158:
17604:
17603:
17274:978-0-691-13955-5
17136:(Data as of 1992)
17056:978-954-07-2867-4
16999:, 2002, Palgrave
16831:. Kultur.gov.tr.
16421:on 3 October 2011
16162:on 15 April 2009.
15336:978-0-521-52256-4
14905:978-1-84511-057-4
14866:978-3-515-07687-6
14740:Cerasi, Maurice:
13583:(including Tulça)
11831:Stein, Jonathan.
11467:Megleno-Romanians
11415:Islam in Bulgaria
11309:Nebiye İbrahimova
11294:Necmiye Mehmedova
11127:Muharrem Tahsinov
11085:Nuri Turgut Adalı
11082:Mustafa Kahveciev
11016:
11015:
10820:Eski İstanbulluk
10196:was evolved from
10006:From Greek Αετός
9955:
9954:
9947:
9929:
9894:"Bulgarian Turks"
9744:elections in 2001
9740:elections in 1997
9736:elections in 1994
9728:elections in 1990
9544:
9543:
9532:16,000 or 74,564
8993:Russo-Turkish War
8522:Rhodope Mountains
8219:by the forces of
8011:. As a result of
7940:
7939:
7892:
7891:
7884:
7687:
7686:
7645:
7624:
7603:
7583:
7563:
7543:
7523:
7502:
7481:
7460:
7438:
7417:
7396:
7378:
7360:
7340:
7320:
7302:
7287:
7125:Muslim Bulgarians
7086:
7085:
5569:Sanjak of İslimye
5514:
5513:
5183:Bulgarian Problem
5111:
5110:
4906:Muslim Bulgarians
4842:
4841:
4829:, along with the
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4282:
4281:
3697:Muslim Bulgarians
3692:
3691:
3552:
3551:
3334:: the Sanjaks of
3291:
3290:
3042:According to the
3004:Muslim Bulgarians
2988:
2987:
2980:
2945:original research
2926:
2925:
2918:
2863:
2862:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2612:Total population
2502:
2501:
2497:
2470:Total population
2333:Professing group
2276:
2275:
1757:university degree
1634:According to the
1576:
1575:
1568:
1533:original research
1514:
1513:
1506:
1221:(mainly from the
1101:
1100:
1021:Atatürk's Reforms
980:Karamanli Turkish
835:Anatolian beyliks
566:Turkish diasporas
303:
302:
18:Turks in Bulgaria
16:(Redirected from
19706:
19646:
19645:
19644:
19634:
19633:
19632:
19625:
19564:Turkish diaspora
19423:
19416:
19377:
19228:
19210:Karategin Uzbeks
19195:
19123:
19097:
19090:
19083:
19076:
19069:
19062:
19057:Astrakhan Tatars
19055:
19020:
18967:
18960:
18953:
18926:Iranian Turkmens
18858:Crimean Karaites
18830:
18796:
18696:Macedonian Turks
18661:Dodecanese Turks
18626:
18607:
18600:
18593:
18586:
18558:Iranian Turkmens
18556:
18547:
18540:
18500:
18439:
18430:
18423:
18416:
18407:
18400:
18393:
18379:
18378:
18359:
18352:
18345:
18336:
18335:
18325:
18319:
18313:
18305:
18297:
18289:
18281:
18273:
18255:
18247:
18239:
18231:
18220:
18203:2011 census data
18186:
18179:
18172:
18163:
18162:
18151:Turkish diaspora
17546:in North Africa:
17533:Turkmen Mountain
17449:in the Caucasus:
17339:
17338:
17313:
17306:
17299:
17290:
17289:
17278:
17257:
17224:
17186:
17130:
17128:
17126:
17109:Runciman, Steven
16995:Hupchick, D.P.,
16967:Crampton, R.J.,
16953:Crampton, R.J.,
16939:Crampton, R.J.,
16891:
16890:
16878:
16872:
16871:
16869:
16867:
16851:
16845:
16844:
16842:
16840:
16825:
16819:
16818:
16816:
16814:
16808:
16801:
16793:
16787:
16786:
16784:
16782:
16766:
16760:
16759:
16757:
16755:
16740:
16734:
16733:
16731:
16729:
16714:
16708:
16707:
16705:
16703:
16688:
16682:
16671:
16665:
16664:
16662:
16660:
16632:
16626:
16623:
16617:
16616:
16614:
16612:
16606:
16599:
16591:
16585:
16572:
16566:
16565:
16559:
16551:
16549:
16547:
16538:. Archived from
16531:
16525:
16524:
16522:
16520:
16511:. Archived from
16504:
16498:
16497:
16495:
16493:
16478:
16472:
16469:
16460:
16457:
16451:
16440:
16431:
16430:
16428:
16426:
16411:
16405:
16404:
16402:
16400:
16385:
16379:
16378:
16376:
16374:
16354:
16348:
16345:
16339:
16338:
16336:
16334:
16325:. Archived from
16314:
16295:
16292:
16283:
16280:
16263:
16262:
16260:
16258:
16242:
16236:
16235:
16229:
16221:
16219:
16217:
16211:
16205:. Archived from
16204:
16195:
16189:
16188:
16170:
16164:
16163:
16158:. Archived from
16145:
16139:
16138:
16137:on 28 July 2018.
16123:
16117:
16116:
16110:
16102:
16100:
16098:
16089:. Archived from
16082:
16076:
16075:
16073:
16071:
16056:
16050:
16049:
16047:
16045:
16034:
16028:
16015:
16004:
16001:
15995:
15983:
15974:
15973:
15967:
15959:
15957:
15955:
15949:
15943:. Archived from
15942:
15933:
15927:
15926:
15924:
15922:
15917:on 16 April 2009
15913:. Archived from
15906:
15900:
15888:
15882:
15881:
15879:
15877:
15862:
15856:
15855:
15853:
15851:
15846:on 15 April 2009
15836:
15825:
15824:
15822:
15820:
15801:
15795:
15783:
15772:
15769:
15763:
15760:
15754:
15753:
15751:
15749:
15733:
15727:
15724:
15715:
15704:
15698:
15685:
15679:
15666:
15660:
15659:
15657:
15655:
15640:
15634:
15633:
15631:
15629:
15614:
15608:
15607:
15605:
15603:
15597:
15585:
15579:
15566:
15560:
15559:
15549:
15543:
15542:
15540:
15529:
15523:
15510:
15504:
15491:
15485:
15472:
15466:
15453:
15447:
15434:
15428:
15415:
15404:
15401:
15395:
15381:
15375:
15368:
15362:
15359:
15353:
15352:
15350:
15348:
15320:
15314:
15311:
15305:
15302:
15296:
15293:
15287:
15284:
15278:
15275:
15269:
15266:
15260:
15249:
15243:
15242:
15240:
15238:
15219:
15213:
15212:
15210:
15208:
15192:
15186:
15183:
15177:
15176:
15174:
15172:
15157:
15151:
15150:
15148:
15146:
15140:
15134:. Archived from
15133:
15124:
15118:
15108:
15102:
15099:
15093:
15090:
15084:
15081:
15072:
15071:
15069:
15067:
15052:
15046:
15045:
15043:
15041:
15026:
15020:
15017:
15011:
15004:
14998:
14997:
14978:
14972:
14971:
14969:
14967:
14952:
14946:
14943:
14934:
14931:
14922:
14921:
14919:
14917:
14889:
14883:
14882:
14880:
14878:
14850:
14844:
14831:
14825:
14824:
14822:
14798:
14792:
14786:
14780:
14779:
14777:
14775:
14760:
14754:
14751:
14745:
14738:
14732:
14731:
14730:
14728:
14722:
14715:
14704:
14698:
14695:
14689:
14686:
14680:
14679:
14677:
14670:
14659:
14650:
14643:
14637:
14634:
14628:
14625:
14619:
14616:
14610:
14607:
14601:
14594:
14588:
14587:
14576:
14570:
14563:
14557:
14554:
14548:
14541:
14535:
14532:
14526:
14525:
14523:
14521:
14506:
14500:
14494:
14488:
14487:
14485:
14483:
14468:
14462:
14461:
14453:
14447:
14446:
14439:
14433:
14432:
14430:
14428:
14410:
14404:
14403:
14401:
14399:
14384:
14378:
14377:
14375:
14373:
14358:
14352:
14351:
14349:
14347:
14341:
14334:
14326:
14320:
14319:
14317:
14315:
14309:
14302:
14293:
14287:
14284:
14278:
14275:
14269:
14266:
14260:
14254:
14248:
14247:
14232:
14226:
14225:
14223:
14221:
14205:
14199:
14198:
14196:
14194:
14174:
14168:
14167:
14165:
14163:
14145:
14134:
14133:
14131:
14129:
14116:Demeter, Gabor.
14113:
14102:
14101:
14099:
14097:
14091:
14084:
14077:Köse, Muhammed.
14074:
14063:
14062:
14060:
14058:
14042:
14031:
14030:
14028:
14026:
14011:
14002:
14001:
13999:
13975:
13956:
13955:
13935:
13929:
13928:
13926:
13924:
13910:
13904:
13897:
13891:
13890:
13888:
13886:
13870:
13864:
13863:
13862:
13860:
13846:
13840:
13839:
13837:
13835:
13820:
13811:
13810:
13808:
13806:
13787:
13778:
13777:
13764:
13758:
13757:
13755:
13753:
13739:
13733:
13732:
13730:
13728:
13709:
13700:
13699:
13697:
13695:
13689:
13679:(in Bulgarian).
13674:
13664:
13655:
13654:
13652:
13650:
13632:
13626:
13625:
13618:
13594:
13588:
13587:
13572:
13548:
13542:
13541:
13531:
13507:
13501:
13495:
13489:
13488:
13486:
13484:
13466:
13457:
13456:
13444:
13438:
13437:
13425:
13419:
13418:
13406:
13400:
13399:
13397:
13395:
13377:
13368:
13367:
13365:
13363:
13335:
13326:
13325:
13313:
13300:
13299:
13297:
13273:
13258:
13257:
13255:
13253:
13247:
13240:
13230:
13224:
13223:
13221:
13197:
13188:
13171:
13165:
13164:
13162:
13138:
13121:
13118:
13109:
13108:
13100:
13094:
13093:
13091:
13067:
13054:
13053:
13051:
13027:
13016:
13015:
13009:
13007:
12989:
12983:
12982:
12976:
12974:
12956:
12950:
12949:
12947:
12945:
12925:
12910:
12909:
12895:
12889:
12888:
12876:
12870:
12869:
12867:
12865:
12855:
12831:
12825:
12824:
12822:
12798:
12785:
12784:
12776:
12770:
12769:
12767:
12743:
12732:
12731:
12729:
12727:
12712:
12701:
12700:
12698:
12674:
12659:
12658:
12652:
12644:
12632:
12626:
12625:
12617:
12602:
12582:
12576:
12575:
12573:
12571:
12565:
12554:
12546:
12540:
12539:
12537:
12535:
12520:
12514:
12513:
12511:
12509:
12494:
12488:
12487:
12476:
12470:
12469:
12467:
12465:
12459:www.novinite.com
12451:
12445:
12444:
12442:
12440:
12434:www.novinite.com
12426:
12420:
12419:
12417:
12415:
12399:
12393:
12392:
12390:
12388:
12360:
12354:
12353:
12351:
12349:
12321:
12315:
12314:
12294:
12288:
12287:
12285:
12283:
12256:
12250:
12249:
12247:
12245:
12239:
12232:
12224:
12218:
12217:
12215:
12213:
12207:
12200:
12192:
12186:
12185:
12183:
12181:
12175:
12169:(in Bulgarian).
12168:
12159:
12142:
12139:
12133:
12132:
12120:
12099:
12098:
12096:
12094:
12076:
12061:
12058:
12052:
12039:
12033:
12020:
12014:
12001:
11995:
11994:
11992:
11990:
11975:
11969:
11968:
11966:
11964:
11944:
11938:
11937:
11935:
11933:
11918:
11912:
11911:
11909:
11907:
11892:
11886:
11879:
11870:
11867:
11861:
11858:
11852:
11849:
11843:
11829:
11823:
11822:
11811:
11802:
11801:
11799:
11797:
11782:
11773:
11772:
11753:
11747:
11746:
11738:
11732:
11731:
11729:
11727:
11708:
11702:
11701:
11699:
11697:
11692:
11684:
11678:
11677:
11675:
11673:
11664:. Bgfactor.org.
11658:
11652:
11651:
11649:
11647:
11632:
11626:
11625:
11624:
11622:
11603:
11597:
11596:
11594:
11592:
11577:
11571:
11570:
11568:
11566:
11551:
11545:
11544:
11542:
11540:
11525:
11516:
11515:
11513:
11511:
11496:
11478:
11455:
11440:Razgrad Incident
11373:
11365:
11342:Beyhan Nalbantov
11288:Mustafa Ömer Asi
11246:Süleyman Yusufov
11205:Muhammet Yusufov
11142:Halit Aliosmanov
11121:Niyazi Hüseyinov
11097:Süleyman Gavazov
10997:Balkan Peninsula
10844:Vetova, Vet-Ova
10624:Samuil (village)
9960:
9959:
9950:
9943:
9939:
9936:
9930:
9928:
9887:
9863:
9855:
9815:ethnic Bulgarian
9811:Vladko Panayotov
9597:ethnic cleansing
9577:
9565:
9553:
9406:
9402:
9305:Militant attacks
9080:military service
9071:higher education
9049:("Fatherland"),
8830:Treaty of Berlin
8796:Treaty of Berlin
8790:and the rest of
8777:Treaty of Berlin
8758:were to win the
8731:Tatar Pazardzhik
8717:Transfer of land
8530:Kurdzhali region
8217:battle of Ankara
8027:Byzantine Empire
7935:
7932:
7926:
7902:
7901:
7894:
7887:
7880:
7876:
7873:
7867:
7844:
7843:
7836:
7806:Distribution of
7803:
7791:
7779:
7767:
7755:
7743:
7731:
7719:
7707:
7695:
7643:
7622:
7601:
7581:
7561:
7541:
7521:
7500:
7479:
7458:
7436:
7415:
7394:
7376:
7358:
7338:
7318:
7300:
7285:
7257:
7254:
7176:(Gallipoli) and
7132:
7122:
7116:
7106:
7101:
7098:
5647:Romani (Muslim)
5599:Kaza (District)
5596:
5592:
5581:Sanjak of Edirne
5557:Sanjak of Filibe
5520:1869 map of the
5501:Northern Dobruja
5497:Kaza of Mankalya
5214:
5210:
4939:
4931:
4913:
4903:
4897:
4887:
4862:Northern Dobruja
4791:Total population
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4732:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4679:—Roman Catholics
4678:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4648:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4618:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4588:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4531:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4501:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4436:Round II (1874)
4427:
4419:
4413:
4407:
4397:
4387:
4381:
4375:
4369:
4363:
4357:
4347:
4294:kaza of Mankalya
4278:
4272:
4266:
4260:
4254:
4248:
4235:
4229:
4223:
4217:
4211:
4205:
4192:
4186:
4180:
4174:
4168:
4162:
4149:
4143:
4137:
4131:
4125:
4119:
4105:
4099:
4093:
4087:
4081:
4075:
4057:
4051:
4045:
4039:
4033:
4027:
4013:
4007:
4001:
3995:
3989:
3983:
3970:
3964:
3958:
3952:
3946:
3940:
3926:
3920:
3914:
3908:
3902:
3896:
3880:
3874:
3868:
3862:
3856:
3850:
3788:
3780:
3774:
3764:
3754:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3724:
3714:
3592:Male population
3586:Male population
3572:
3568:
3452:Male population
3446:Male population
3432:
3428:
3122:
3111:
3105:
3095:
3089:
3083:
3073:
2983:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2963:
2960:inline citations
2936:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2901:
2878:
2877:
2870:
2655:
2633:
2529:
2523:
2491:
2330:
2324:
1784:
1781:
1714:Eastern Rhodopes
1571:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1551:
1548:inline citations
1524:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1489:
1466:
1465:
1458:
1341:, thereafter to
1235:Karaman Province
1193:conquest of the
1137:
1093:
1086:
1079:
328:
305:
304:
293:or adherents to
240:
238:
237:
222:
220:
219:
204:
202:
201:
186:
184:
183:
168:
166:
165:
150:
148:
147:
132:
130:
129:
116:Southern Dobruja
92:
85:
80:
79:
71:
63:
62:
54:
53:
41:
21:
19714:
19713:
19709:
19708:
19707:
19705:
19704:
19703:
19664:Bulgarian Turks
19654:
19653:
19652:
19642:
19640:
19630:
19628:
19620:
19618:
19613:
19578:
19574:Kazakh diaspora
19542:
19512:
19261:
19227:
19225:
19219:
19181:Afghan Turkmens
19172:
19165:
19143:
19137:
19092:Siberian Tatars
19016:
18941:
18935:
18931:Iranian Kazakhs
18911:Khorasani Turks
18883:
18877:
18850:
18844:
18787:Chinese Kazakhs
18769:
18763:
18746:
18745:Turkic peoples
18740:
18641:Bulgarian Turks
18617:Abkhazian Turks
18570:
18542:Afghan Turkmens
18524:
18479:
18470:Iranian Kazakhs
18465:Chinese Kazakhs
18448:
18368:
18363:
18333:
18328:
18323:
18317:
18311:
18303:
18295:
18287:
18279:
18263:
18253:
18245:
18237:
18229:
18218:
18205:
18195:
18190:
18160:
18155:
18124:Turks in Europe
18102:
18014:Tochni massacre
18009:Revival Process
17938:
17892:
17871:
17845:
17819:
17798:
17772:
17739:
17616:
17600:
17579:
17545:
17539:
17481:
17475:
17448:
17442:
17423:North Macedonia
17372:
17366:
17355:Northern Cyprus
17331:
17325:
17317:
17275:
17157:
17155:Further reading
17124:
17122:
16934:Wayback Machine
16899:
16894:
16879:
16875:
16865:
16863:
16852:
16848:
16838:
16836:
16827:
16826:
16822:
16812:
16810:
16809:on 4 March 2016
16806:
16799:
16795:
16794:
16790:
16780:
16778:
16767:
16763:
16753:
16751:
16742:
16741:
16737:
16727:
16725:
16716:
16715:
16711:
16701:
16699:
16690:
16689:
16685:
16680:Wayback Machine
16672:
16668:
16658:
16656:
16649:
16633:
16629:
16624:
16620:
16610:
16608:
16604:
16597:
16593:
16592:
16588:
16583:Wayback Machine
16573:
16569:
16553:
16552:
16545:
16543:
16542:on 5 March 2009
16536:"Archived copy"
16534:
16532:
16528:
16518:
16516:
16515:on 5 March 2009
16507:
16505:
16501:
16491:
16489:
16480:
16479:
16475:
16470:
16463:
16458:
16454:
16449:Wayback Machine
16441:
16434:
16424:
16422:
16413:
16412:
16408:
16398:
16396:
16387:
16386:
16382:
16372:
16370:
16355:
16351:
16346:
16342:
16332:
16330:
16315:
16298:
16293:
16286:
16281:
16266:
16256:
16254:
16243:
16239:
16223:
16222:
16215:
16213:
16212:on 5 March 2009
16209:
16202:
16200:"Archived copy"
16198:
16196:
16192:
16185:
16171:
16167:
16146:
16142:
16125:
16124:
16120:
16104:
16103:
16096:
16094:
16093:on 5 March 2009
16087:"Archived copy"
16085:
16083:
16079:
16069:
16067:
16058:
16057:
16053:
16043:
16041:
16036:
16035:
16031:
16025:Wayback Machine
16016:
16007:
16002:
15998:
15993:Wayback Machine
15984:
15977:
15961:
15960:
15953:
15951:
15947:
15940:
15938:"Archived copy"
15936:
15934:
15930:
15920:
15918:
15909:
15907:
15903:
15898:Wayback Machine
15889:
15885:
15875:
15873:
15864:
15863:
15859:
15849:
15847:
15838:
15837:
15828:
15818:
15816:
15809:fallingrain.com
15803:
15802:
15798:
15793:Wayback Machine
15784:
15775:
15770:
15766:
15761:
15757:
15747:
15745:
15740:. Novinar.net.
15734:
15730:
15725:
15718:
15713:Wayback Machine
15705:
15701:
15695:Wayback Machine
15686:
15682:
15676:Wayback Machine
15667:
15663:
15653:
15651:
15642:
15641:
15637:
15627:
15625:
15616:
15615:
15611:
15601:
15599:
15595:
15587:
15586:
15582:
15576:Wayback Machine
15567:
15563:
15550:
15546:
15538:
15530:
15526:
15520:Wayback Machine
15511:
15507:
15501:Wayback Machine
15492:
15488:
15482:Wayback Machine
15473:
15469:
15463:Wayback Machine
15454:
15450:
15444:Wayback Machine
15435:
15431:
15425:Wayback Machine
15416:
15407:
15402:
15398:
15382:
15378:
15369:
15365:
15360:
15356:
15346:
15344:
15337:
15321:
15317:
15312:
15308:
15303:
15299:
15294:
15290:
15285:
15281:
15276:
15272:
15267:
15263:
15258:Wayback Machine
15250:
15246:
15236:
15234:
15221:
15220:
15216:
15206:
15204:
15193:
15189:
15184:
15180:
15170:
15168:
15159:
15158:
15154:
15144:
15142:
15141:on 17 June 2008
15138:
15131:
15127:Öksüz, Hikmet.
15125:
15121:
15109:
15105:
15100:
15096:
15091:
15087:
15082:
15075:
15065:
15063:
15054:
15053:
15049:
15039:
15037:
15028:
15027:
15023:
15018:
15014:
15005:
15001:
14979:
14975:
14965:
14963:
14954:
14953:
14949:
14944:
14937:
14932:
14925:
14915:
14913:
14906:
14890:
14886:
14876:
14874:
14867:
14851:
14847:
14842:Wayback Machine
14832:
14828:
14799:
14795:
14787:
14783:
14773:
14771:
14762:
14761:
14757:
14752:
14748:
14739:
14735:
14726:
14724:
14720:
14713:
14705:
14701:
14696:
14692:
14687:
14683:
14675:
14668:
14660:
14653:
14644:
14640:
14635:
14631:
14626:
14622:
14617:
14613:
14608:
14604:
14595:
14591:
14577:
14573:
14564:
14560:
14555:
14551:
14542:
14538:
14533:
14529:
14519:
14517:
14508:
14507:
14503:
14495:
14491:
14481:
14479:
14470:
14469:
14465:
14454:
14450:
14441:
14440:
14436:
14426:
14424:
14411:
14407:
14397:
14395:
14386:
14385:
14381:
14371:
14369:
14360:
14359:
14355:
14345:
14343:
14339:
14332:
14328:
14327:
14323:
14313:
14311:
14307:
14300:
14294:
14290:
14285:
14281:
14276:
14272:
14267:
14263:
14255:
14251:
14233:
14229:
14219:
14217:
14206:
14202:
14192:
14190:
14175:
14171:
14161:
14159:
14146:
14137:
14127:
14125:
14114:
14105:
14095:
14093:
14089:
14082:
14075:
14066:
14056:
14054:
14043:
14034:
14024:
14022:
14013:
14012:
14005:
13976:
13959:
13936:
13932:
13922:
13920:
13911:
13907:
13898:
13894:
13884:
13882:
13871:
13867:
13858:
13856:
13847:
13843:
13833:
13831:
13822:
13821:
13814:
13804:
13802:
13789:
13788:
13781:
13765:
13761:
13751:
13749:
13740:
13736:
13726:
13724:
13711:
13710:
13703:
13693:
13691:
13687:
13672:
13665:
13658:
13648:
13646:
13633:
13629:
13595:
13591:
13549:
13545:
13508:
13504:
13496:
13492:
13482:
13480:
13467:
13460:
13445:
13441:
13426:
13422:
13407:
13403:
13393:
13391:
13378:
13371:
13361:
13359:
13352:
13336:
13329:
13314:
13303:
13274:
13261:
13251:
13249:
13245:
13238:
13231:
13227:
13198:
13191:
13185:Wayback Machine
13172:
13168:
13139:
13124:
13119:
13112:
13101:
13097:
13082:(4): 681, 717.
13068:
13057:
13028:
13019:
13005:
13003:
12990:
12986:
12972:
12970:
12957:
12953:
12943:
12941:
12936:: 70, 91, 146.
12926:
12913:
12896:
12892:
12877:
12873:
12863:
12861:
12832:
12828:
12799:
12788:
12778:
12777:
12773:
12744:
12735:
12725:
12723:
12714:
12713:
12704:
12675:
12662:
12646:
12645:
12633:
12629:
12618:
12605:
12600:Wayback Machine
12591:Wayback Machine
12583:
12579:
12569:
12567:
12563:
12552:
12548:
12547:
12543:
12533:
12531:
12530:on 27 June 2013
12522:
12521:
12517:
12507:
12505:
12496:
12495:
12491:
12478:
12477:
12473:
12463:
12461:
12453:
12452:
12448:
12438:
12436:
12428:
12427:
12423:
12413:
12411:
12400:
12396:
12386:
12384:
12377:
12361:
12357:
12347:
12345:
12338:
12322:
12318:
12311:
12295:
12291:
12281:
12279:
12272:
12258:
12257:
12253:
12243:
12241:
12237:
12230:
12226:
12225:
12221:
12211:
12209:
12205:
12198:
12194:
12193:
12189:
12179:
12177:
12173:
12166:
12160:
12145:
12140:
12136:
12121:
12102:
12092:
12090:
12077:
12064:
12059:
12055:
12050:Wayback Machine
12040:
12036:
12030:Wayback Machine
12021:
12017:
12012:Wayback Machine
12002:
11998:
11988:
11986:
11977:
11976:
11972:
11962:
11960:
11945:
11941:
11931:
11929:
11920:
11919:
11915:
11905:
11903:
11894:
11893:
11889:
11880:
11873:
11868:
11864:
11859:
11855:
11850:
11846:
11830:
11826:
11813:
11812:
11805:
11795:
11793:
11784:
11783:
11776:
11754:
11750:
11739:
11735:
11725:
11723:
11710:
11709:
11705:
11695:
11693:
11690:
11686:
11685:
11681:
11671:
11669:
11660:
11659:
11655:
11645:
11643:
11638:. Novinar.net.
11634:
11633:
11629:
11620:
11618:
11605:
11604:
11600:
11590:
11588:
11579:
11578:
11574:
11564:
11562:
11553:
11552:
11548:
11538:
11536:
11527:
11526:
11519:
11509:
11507:
11498:
11497:
11490:
11486:
11481:
11475:Istro-Romanians
11456:
11452:
11448:
11435:Turks in Europe
11396:
11391:
11385:
11356:
11351:
11279:Sahin Mustafaov
11261:Sabri İbrahimov
11216:Nevzat Mehmedov
11193:Hüsmen İsmailov
11148:İslam Beytullov
11145:Mehmet Sansarov
11136:Nadiye Ahmedova
11118:Mefkure Mollova
11115:Mülazim Çavuşev
11094:Salih Baklacıev
11091:Kemal Bunarciev
11061:Osman Kesikoğlu
11021:
10511:Tatar Pazarcık
10376:Küçük Kaynarca
10202:Dervish convent
9963:Bulgarian Name
9951:
9940:
9934:
9931:
9888:
9886:
9876:
9864:
9853:
9847:
9826:Korman Ismailov
9803:Filiz Husmenova
9688:
9682:
9614:
9609:
9601:Revival Process
9592:
9587:
9584:
9578:
9569:
9566:
9557:
9554:
9401:
9353:
9307:
9181:Christian names
9149:
9123:
9102:Revival Process
9088:
9035:
9030:
8989:
8980:Eastern Rumelia
8922:Eastern Rumelia
8878:Eastern Rumelia
8792:Eastern Rumelia
8719:
8612:Rumeli – Balkan
8542:
8475:Justin McCarthy
8430:in 1876 in the
8412:
8304:
8266:valleys to the
8066:
7952:
7936:
7930:
7927:
7916:
7903:
7899:
7888:
7877:
7871:
7868:
7860:help improve it
7857:
7845:
7841:
7834:
7827:
7814:settlements in
7804:
7795:
7792:
7783:
7780:
7771:
7768:
7759:
7756:
7747:
7744:
7735:
7732:
7723:
7720:
7711:
7708:
7699:
7696:
7670:Eastern Rumelia
7660:Eastern Rumelia
7232:Christian names
7213:
7162:
7145:
7144:
7143:
7142:
7130:
7128:
7120:
7118:
7114:
7112:
7104:
7099:
7093:Eastern Rumelia
7082:
7081:
7075:
7073:
5623:Armenian millet
5563:and Sultanyeri/
5553:Eastern Rumelia
5549:
5510:
5505:Data refers to
5493:Sanjak of Tulça
5433:Vladimir Teplov
5267:Gabriel Aubaret
5148:
5121:832,980 Muslims
4926:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4922:Muhacir (25.9%)
4911:
4909:
4901:
4899:
4895:
4893:
4885:
4838:
4831:Sanjak of Tulça
4433:Round I (1873)
4418:
4417:
4416:
4415:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4403:
4395:
4393:
4385:
4383:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4365:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4353:
4345:
4336:
4318:
4310:792,980 Muslims
4298:kaza of Iznebol
4276:
4275:1,033,499
4270:
4264:
4258:
4252:
4246:
4233:
4227:
4221:
4215:
4209:
4203:
4190:
4184:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4160:
4147:
4141:
4135:
4129:
4123:
4117:
4103:
4097:
4091:
4085:
4079:
4073:
4055:
4049:
4043:
4037:
4031:
4025:
4011:
4005:
3999:
3993:
3987:
3981:
3968:
3962:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3924:
3918:
3912:
3906:
3900:
3894:
3878:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3770:
3762:
3760:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3732:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3720:
3712:
3688:
3687:
3672:523,104 Muslims
3670:
3664:
3662:
3564:Küçük Tatarstan
3556:Sanjak of Tulça
3548:
3547:
3540:810,900 Muslims
3532:510,744 Muslims
3530:
3524:
3522:
3424:male non-Muslim
3371:male non-Muslim
3312:
3304:Nikolai Todorov
3287:
3286:
3259:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3101:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3079:
3071:
3040:
2984:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2949:
2937:
2933:
2922:
2911:
2905:
2902:
2894:help improve it
2891:
2879:
2875:
2868:
2649:
2507:
2281:
1798:
1793:
1769:
1695:Eastern Rumelia
1650:(0.1%) and 344
1572:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1537:
1525:
1521:
1510:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1482:help improve it
1479:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1449:
1445:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1352:
1339:Anatolian Turks
1335:
1273:
1267:
1265:Genetic origins
1233:Vilayet of the
1219:Karamanid Turks
1136:български турци
1128:Bulgarian Turks
1097:
1068:
1067:
1016:
1006:
1005:
975:Ottoman Turkish
970:Cypriot Turkish
960:
950:
949:
930:Public holidays
860:
850:
849:
805:
795:
794:
559:
424:North Macedonia
378:Northern Cyprus
358:
348:
347:
338:
299:
235:
233:
217:
215:
206:Northern Cyprus
199:
197:
181:
179:
163:
161:
145:
143:
127:
125:
120:
83:
73:
66:
56:
52:български турци
49:
46:Bulgarian Turks
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
19712:
19702:
19701:
19696:
19691:
19686:
19681:
19676:
19671:
19666:
19651:
19650:
19638:
19615:
19614:
19583:
19580:
19579:
19577:
19576:
19571:
19566:
19561:
19556:
19550:
19548:
19544:
19543:
19541:
19540:
19535:
19530:
19524:
19522:
19518:
19517:
19514:
19513:
19511:
19510:
19505:
19500:
19495:
19493:Yenisei Kyrgyz
19490:
19485:
19480:
19475:
19470:
19465:
19460:
19455:
19450:
19445:
19440:
19435:
19430:
19429:
19428:
19421:
19409:
19404:
19399:
19394:
19389:
19384:
19383:
19382:
19370:
19365:
19360:
19355:
19350:
19345:
19340:
19335:
19330:
19325:
19320:
19315:
19310:
19305:
19300:
19295:
19290:
19285:
19280:
19275:
19269:
19267:
19263:
19262:
19260:
19259:
19254:
19249:
19244:
19242:Finnish Tatars
19239:
19233:
19231:
19221:
19220:
19218:
19217:
19212:
19207:
19202:
19201:
19200:
19188:
19183:
19177:
19175:
19167:
19166:
19164:
19163:
19158:
19153:
19147:
19145:
19139:
19138:
19136:
19135:
19130:
19129:
19128:
19116:
19111:
19106:
19105:
19104:
19103:
19102:
19088:
19081:
19074:
19067:
19060:
19048:
19043:
19038:
19033:
19028:
19023:
19022:
19021:
19009:
19004:
18999:
18994:
18989:
18984:
18979:
18974:
18973:
18972:
18965:
18958:
18945:
18943:
18937:
18936:
18934:
18933:
18928:
18923:
18918:
18913:
18908:
18903:
18898:
18893:
18887:
18885:
18879:
18878:
18876:
18875:
18870:
18865:
18863:Crimean Tatars
18860:
18854:
18852:
18846:
18845:
18843:
18842:
18837:
18836:
18835:
18823:
18818:
18813:
18808:
18806:Chinese Uzbeks
18803:
18802:
18801:
18792:Chinese Kyrgyz
18789:
18784:
18782:Chinese Tatars
18779:
18773:
18771:
18765:
18764:
18762:
18761:
18756:
18750:
18748:
18742:
18741:
18739:
18738:
18733:
18731:Tunisian Turks
18728:
18723:
18718:
18716:Romanian Turks
18713:
18708:
18703:
18698:
18693:
18688:
18686:Lebanese Turks
18683:
18678:
18673:
18668:
18666:Egyptian Turks
18663:
18658:
18653:
18648:
18646:Croatian Turks
18643:
18638:
18633:
18632:
18631:
18622:Algerian Turks
18619:
18614:
18613:
18612:
18605:
18598:
18591:
18578:
18576:
18572:
18571:
18569:
18568:
18563:
18562:
18561:
18554:
18553:
18552:
18532:
18530:
18526:
18525:
18523:
18522:
18517:
18512:
18507:
18506:
18505:
18496:Chinese Kyrgyz
18493:
18487:
18485:
18481:
18480:
18478:
18477:
18472:
18467:
18462:
18456:
18454:
18450:
18449:
18447:
18446:
18445:
18444:
18437:
18436:
18435:
18421:
18414:
18413:
18412:
18405:
18385:
18383:
18376:
18370:
18369:
18366:Turkic peoples
18362:
18361:
18354:
18347:
18339:
18330:
18329:
18327:
18326:
18320:
18314:
18306:
18298:
18290:
18282:
18274:
18256:
18248:
18240:
18232:
18222:
18221:
18210:
18207:
18206:
18200:
18197:
18196:
18189:
18188:
18181:
18174:
18166:
18157:
18156:
18154:
18153:
18148:
18143:
18138:
18137:
18136:
18126:
18121:
18116:
18110:
18108:
18104:
18103:
18101:
18100:
18095:
18090:
18085:
18084:
18083:
18073:
18068:
18063:
18058:
18053:
18048:
18047:
18046:
18041:
18036:
18031:
18021:
18016:
18011:
18006:
18001:
17996:
17991:
17986:
17981:
17976:
17971:
17966:
17961:
17960:
17959:
17948:
17946:
17940:
17939:
17937:
17936:
17931:
17926:
17921:
17916:
17911:
17906:
17900:
17898:
17894:
17893:
17891:
17890:
17885:
17879:
17877:
17873:
17872:
17870:
17869:
17864:
17859:
17853:
17851:
17847:
17846:
17844:
17843:
17838:
17833:
17827:
17825:
17821:
17820:
17818:
17817:
17812:
17806:
17804:
17800:
17799:
17797:
17796:
17791:
17786:
17780:
17778:
17774:
17773:
17771:
17770:
17769:
17768:
17766:South Carolina
17758:
17753:
17747:
17745:
17741:
17740:
17738:
17737:
17736:
17735:
17728:United Kingdom
17725:
17720:
17715:
17710:
17705:
17700:
17695:
17690:
17685:
17680:
17675:
17670:
17669:
17668:
17658:
17653:
17648:
17643:
17641:Czech Republic
17638:
17633:
17627:
17625:
17618:
17617:
17612:
17610:
17606:
17605:
17602:
17601:
17599:
17598:
17593:
17587:
17585:
17581:
17580:
17578:
17577:
17572:
17567:
17562:
17561:
17560:
17549:
17547:
17541:
17540:
17538:
17537:
17536:
17535:
17525:
17520:
17515:
17510:
17509:
17508:
17498:
17497:
17496:
17485:
17483:
17482:in the Levant:
17477:
17476:
17474:
17473:
17472:
17471:
17466:
17458:
17452:
17450:
17444:
17443:
17441:
17440:
17435:
17430:
17425:
17420:
17415:
17414:
17413:
17411:Western Thrace
17408:
17403:
17395:
17390:
17385:
17379:
17377:
17374:in the Balkans
17368:
17367:
17363:Mainland Turks
17345:
17343:
17336:
17327:
17326:
17320:Turkish people
17316:
17315:
17308:
17301:
17293:
17287:
17286:
17285:, October 2006
17279:
17273:
17258:
17240:(3): 255–279.
17226:
17225:
17215:(2): 149–162.
17202:
17187:
17169:(6): 920–934.
17156:
17153:
17152:
17151:
17137:
17131:
17105:
17100:Peykovska, P.
17098:
17087:
17080:
17068:McCarthy, J.,
17066:
17044:
17028:
17014:
17009:Kaplan, R.D.,
17007:
16993:
16979:
16965:
16951:
16937:
16921:
16916:
16907:
16898:
16895:
16893:
16892:
16873:
16846:
16820:
16788:
16761:
16735:
16709:
16683:
16666:
16647:
16627:
16618:
16586:
16567:
16526:
16499:
16473:
16461:
16452:
16432:
16406:
16380:
16349:
16340:
16296:
16284:
16264:
16237:
16190:
16183:
16165:
16140:
16118:
16077:
16051:
16029:
16005:
15996:
15975:
15928:
15901:
15883:
15857:
15826:
15796:
15773:
15764:
15755:
15728:
15716:
15699:
15680:
15661:
15635:
15609:
15580:
15561:
15544:
15524:
15505:
15486:
15467:
15448:
15429:
15405:
15396:
15376:
15363:
15354:
15335:
15315:
15306:
15297:
15288:
15279:
15270:
15261:
15244:
15214:
15187:
15178:
15152:
15119:
15103:
15094:
15085:
15073:
15058:. Keywen.com.
15047:
15021:
15012:
15006:Michael Mann,
14999:
14989:(2): 307–310,
14973:
14947:
14935:
14923:
14904:
14884:
14865:
14845:
14826:
14793:
14781:
14755:
14746:
14733:
14699:
14690:
14681:
14651:
14638:
14629:
14620:
14611:
14602:
14598:Robert Dankoff
14589:
14586:. p. 187.
14571:
14569:, pp. 640, 648
14558:
14549:
14536:
14527:
14516:on 30 May 2017
14501:
14489:
14463:
14448:
14434:
14405:
14379:
14353:
14321:
14288:
14279:
14270:
14261:
14249:
14227:
14200:
14169:
14135:
14120:. p. 28.
14103:
14064:
14032:
14003:
13990:(4): 723–726.
13986:(in Turkish).
13957:
13946:(1): 278–279.
13930:
13905:
13892:
13865:
13841:
13812:
13779:
13759:
13734:
13701:
13656:
13627:
13605:(in Turkish).
13589:
13559:(in Turkish).
13543:
13502:
13490:
13458:
13439:
13420:
13401:
13369:
13350:
13327:
13301:
13288:(4): 714–716.
13284:(in Turkish).
13259:
13225:
13212:(4): 711–712.
13208:(in Turkish).
13189:
13166:
13149:(in Turkish).
13122:
13110:
13095:
13078:(in Turkish).
13055:
13038:(in Turkish).
13017:
12984:
12951:
12911:
12890:
12871:
12826:
12813:(4): 686–687.
12809:(in Turkish).
12786:
12771:
12754:(in Turkish).
12733:
12702:
12689:(4): 727–728.
12685:(in Turkish).
12660:
12627:
12603:
12577:
12541:
12515:
12489:
12471:
12446:
12421:
12394:
12375:
12355:
12336:
12330:. OUP Oxford.
12316:
12309:
12289:
12270:
12251:
12219:
12187:
12143:
12134:
12100:
12062:
12053:
12034:
12015:
11996:
11970:
11939:
11913:
11887:
11871:
11862:
11853:
11844:
11824:
11803:
11774:
11748:
11733:
11703:
11679:
11653:
11627:
11598:
11572:
11546:
11517:
11487:
11485:
11482:
11480:
11479:
11449:
11447:
11444:
11443:
11442:
11437:
11432:
11427:
11422:
11417:
11412:
11407:
11402:
11395:
11392:
11384:
11381:
11355:
11352:
11350:
11349:
11346:
11343:
11340:
11337:
11334:
11331:
11328:
11325:
11322:
11319:
11316:
11313:
11310:
11307:
11306:İsmet Bayramov
11304:
11303:Nevzat Yakubov
11301:
11298:
11295:
11292:
11289:
11286:
11283:
11280:
11277:
11276:Saban Mahmudov
11274:
11271:
11268:
11265:
11262:
11259:
11256:
11253:
11250:
11249:Durhan Hasanov
11247:
11244:
11241:
11238:
11235:
11232:
11229:
11228:Mustafa Mutkov
11226:
11223:
11220:
11217:
11214:
11209:
11206:
11203:
11202:Mehmet Çavuşev
11200:
11197:
11194:
11191:
11190:Mehmet Davudov
11188:
11187:İsmail Bekirov
11185:
11182:
11179:
11178:Mustafa Aladag
11176:
11173:
11172:Ahmet Mehmedov
11170:
11167:
11164:
11161:
11158:
11157:Ismail Yakubov
11155:
11152:
11151:Ismail Çavusev
11149:
11146:
11143:
11140:
11137:
11134:
11131:
11130:Mehmet Bekirov
11128:
11125:
11122:
11119:
11116:
11113:
11110:
11107:
11104:
11101:
11098:
11095:
11092:
11089:
11086:
11083:
11080:
11077:
11074:
11071:
11070:Mehmet Muradov
11068:
11065:
11062:
11059:
11056:
11053:
11050:
11047:
11044:
11041:
11038:
11035:
11032:
11028:
11020:
11017:
11014:
11013:
11010:
11007:
11001:
11000:
10993:
10990:
10984:
10983:
10980:
10977:
10973:
10972:
10966:
10961:
10955:
10954:
10939:
10936:
10932:
10931:
10928:
10925:
10921:
10920:
10917:
10914:
10910:
10909:
10903:
10900:
10894:
10893:
10891:
10888:
10884:
10883:
10881:
10878:
10872:
10871:
10869:
10866:
10860:
10859:
10857:
10854:
10848:
10847:
10845:
10842:
10836:
10835:
10833:
10830:
10824:
10823:
10821:
10818:
10816:Veliki Preslav
10812:
10811:
10809:
10806:
10800:
10799:
10797:
10794:
10788:
10787:
10785:
10782:
10776:
10775:
10773:
10770:
10764:
10763:
10761:
10758:
10752:
10751:
10749:
10746:
10740:
10739:
10737:
10734:
10728:
10727:
10725:
10722:
10716:
10715:
10713:
10710:
10704:
10703:
10701:
10698:
10692:
10691:
10689:
10686:
10680:
10679:
10677:
10674:
10668:
10667:
10665:
10662:
10656:
10655:
10653:
10650:
10644:
10643:
10641:
10638:
10632:
10631:
10629:
10626:
10620:
10619:
10617:
10614:
10608:
10607:
10605:
10602:
10596:
10595:
10593:
10590:
10584:
10583:
10581:
10578:
10572:
10571:
10569:
10566:
10560:
10559:
10557:
10554:
10548:
10547:
10536:
10533:
10527:
10526:
10524:
10521:
10515:
10514:
10512:
10509:
10503:
10502:
10500:
10497:
10495:Omurtag (town)
10491:
10490:
10488:
10485:
10479:
10478:
10476:
10473:
10471:Nikola Kozlevo
10467:
10466:
10464:
10461:
10455:
10454:
10452:
10449:
10445:
10444:
10442:
10439:
10433:
10432:
10430:
10427:
10421:
10420:
10418:
10415:
10409:
10408:
10401:
10398:
10392:
10391:
10389:
10386:
10380:
10379:
10377:
10374:
10368:
10367:
10365:
10362:
10356:
10355:
10353:
10350:
10344:
10343:
10341:
10338:
10332:
10331:
10329:
10326:
10320:
10319:
10317:
10314:
10308:
10307:
10305:
10302:
10298:
10297:
10295:
10292:
10286:
10285:
10283:
10280:
10276:
10275:
10273:
10270:
10264:
10263:
10261:
10258:
10252:
10251:
10249:
10246:
10240:
10239:
10237:
10234:
10228:
10227:
10224:
10221:
10215:
10214:
10183:translated as
10174:
10173:Küçük Tekeler
10171:
10165:
10164:
10162:
10159:
10153:
10152:
10150:
10147:
10141:
10140:
10138:
10137:Aşağı Çiftlik
10135:
10129:
10128:
10126:
10123:
10117:
10116:
10114:
10111:
10105:
10104:
10102:
10099:
10093:
10092:
10090:
10087:
10081:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10069:
10068:
10066:
10063:
10057:
10056:
10054:
10051:
10045:
10044:
10042:
10039:
10033:
10032:
10029:
10026:
10020:
10019:
10017:
10014:
10008:
10007:
10004:
10001:
9995:
9994:
9992:
9989:
9983:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9971:
9970:
9967:
9964:
9953:
9952:
9867:
9865:
9858:
9846:
9843:
9787:2009 elections
9771:2005 elections
9684:Main article:
9681:
9678:
9622:Eastern Europe
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9591:
9588:
9586:
9585:
9579:
9572:
9570:
9567:
9560:
9558:
9555:
9548:
9545:
9542:
9541:
9538:
9534:
9533:
9530:
9526:
9525:
9522:
9518:
9517:
9514:
9510:
9509:
9506:
9502:
9501:
9498:
9494:
9493:
9490:
9486:
9485:
9482:
9478:
9477:
9472:
9466:
9465:
9462:
9458:
9457:
9454:
9450:
9449:
9446:
9442:
9441:
9438:
9434:
9433:
9430:
9426:
9425:
9422:
9418:
9417:
9412:
9400:
9397:
9352:
9349:
9306:
9303:
9283:Bulgarian Army
9254:, situated in
9237:Atanas Kadirev
9148:
9145:
9122:
9119:
9087:
9084:
9034:
9031:
9029:
9026:
9002:Danube Vilayet
8988:
8985:
8862:Constantinople
8773:Western Thrace
8718:
8715:
8541:
8538:
8518:Western Thrace
8503:Ottoman Empire
8460:Kosovo Vilayet
8432:Danube Vilayet
8411:
8408:
8303:
8300:
8165:(1360–84) and
8131:Crimean Tatars
8103:Ottoman Empire
8065:
8062:
7999:) to help the
7985:Kaykhusraw III
7951:
7948:
7938:
7937:
7906:
7904:
7897:
7890:
7889:
7848:
7846:
7839:
7833:
7830:
7829:
7828:
7805:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7690:
7685:
7684:
7655:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7638:
7634:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7617:
7613:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7596:
7592:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7584:
7576:
7572:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7564:
7556:
7552:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7544:
7536:
7532:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7524:
7516:
7512:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7495:
7491:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7474:
7470:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7452:
7448:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7431:
7427:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7410:
7406:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7389:
7385:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7373:
7371:
7367:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7355:
7353:
7349:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7341:
7333:
7329:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7321:
7313:
7309:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7297:
7295:
7291:
7290:
7288:
7282:
7280:
7278:
7274:
7273:
7270:
7267:
7264:
7261:
7212:
7209:
7161:
7158:
7141:Muhacir (6.0%)
7129:
7119:
7113:
7103:
7095:by ethnicity,
7089:
7088:
7087:
7084:
7083:
7071:
7070:
7067:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6980:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6893:
6892:
6889:
6886:
6883:
6880:
6877:
6874:
6871:
6868:
6865:
6862:
6859:
6856:
6853:
6850:
6847:
6844:
6837:
6836:
6833:
6830:
6827:
6824:
6821:
6818:
6815:
6812:
6809:
6806:
6803:
6800:
6797:
6794:
6791:
6788:
6781:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6694:
6693:
6690:
6687:
6684:
6681:
6678:
6675:
6672:
6669:
6666:
6663:
6660:
6657:
6654:
6651:
6648:
6645:
6639:
6638:
6635:
6632:
6629:
6626:
6623:
6620:
6617:
6614:
6611:
6608:
6605:
6602:
6599:
6596:
6593:
6590:
6583:
6582:
6579:
6576:
6573:
6570:
6567:
6564:
6561:
6558:
6555:
6552:
6549:
6546:
6543:
6540:
6537:
6534:
6530:Zağra-i Cedid/
6527:
6526:
6523:
6520:
6517:
6514:
6511:
6508:
6505:
6502:
6499:
6496:
6493:
6490:
6487:
6484:
6481:
6478:
6471:
6470:
6467:
6464:
6461:
6458:
6455:
6452:
6449:
6446:
6443:
6440:
6437:
6434:
6431:
6428:
6425:
6422:
6415:
6414:
6411:
6408:
6405:
6402:
6399:
6396:
6393:
6390:
6387:
6384:
6381:
6378:
6375:
6372:
6369:
6366:
6359:
6358:
6355:
6352:
6349:
6346:
6343:
6340:
6337:
6334:
6331:
6328:
6325:
6322:
6319:
6316:
6313:
6310:
6303:
6302:
6299:
6296:
6293:
6290:
6287:
6284:
6281:
6278:
6275:
6272:
6269:
6266:
6263:
6260:
6257:
6254:
6247:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6160:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6146:
6143:
6140:
6135:
6132:
6129:
6126:
6123:
6118:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6086:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6049:
6044:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6002:
6001:
5998:
5995:
5992:
5989:
5986:
5983:
5980:
5977:
5974:
5971:
5968:
5965:
5962:
5959:
5956:
5953:
5946:
5945:
5942:
5939:
5934:
5931:
5928:
5925:
5922:
5919:
5916:
5913:
5910:
5907:
5904:
5901:
5898:
5895:
5888:
5887:
5884:
5881:
5878:
5875:
5872:
5869:
5866:
5863:
5860:
5857:
5854:
5851:
5848:
5845:
5842:
5839:
5832:
5831:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5807:
5804:
5801:
5798:
5795:
5792:
5789:
5786:
5783:
5776:
5775:
5772:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5760:
5757:
5754:
5751:
5748:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5736:
5733:
5730:
5727:
5720:
5719:
5716:
5713:
5710:
5707:
5704:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5692:
5689:
5686:
5683:
5680:
5677:
5674:
5671:
5664:
5663:
5660:
5657:
5654:
5651:
5648:
5645:
5642:
5637:
5634:
5628:
5625:
5620:
5617:
5608:
5605:
5601:
5600:
5548:
5545:
5522:Edirne Vilayet
5512:
5511:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5440:
5437:
5436:Russian Empire
5434:
5430:
5429:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5413:
5410:
5409:Russian Empire
5407:
5401:
5400:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5384:
5381:
5380:United Kingdom
5378:
5374:
5373:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5357:
5354:
5353:United Kingdom
5351:
5347:
5346:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5326:
5316:
5315:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5305:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5297:Ottoman Empire
5295:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5268:
5264:
5263:
5260:
5257:
5254:
5251:
5248:
5244:
5243:
5241:Danube Vilayet
5238:
5229:
5224:
5221:
5218:
5147:
5144:
5109:
5108:
5105:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5093:
5092:
5089:
5085:
5084:
5081:
5077:
5076:
5073:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5061:
5060:
5057:
5053:
5052:
5049:
5045:
5044:
5041:
5037:
5036:
5033:
5029:
5028:
5025:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5013:
5012:
5009:
5005:
5004:
5001:
4997:
4996:
4993:
4989:
4988:
4985:
4981:
4980:
4977:
4973:
4972:
4969:
4965:
4964:
4961:
4957:
4956:
4953:
4949:
4948:
4944:
4943:
4910:
4900:
4894:
4884:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4846:Crimean Tatars
4840:
4839:
4833:, but not the
4808:
4805:
4804:
4801:
4798:
4795:
4792:
4788:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4706:—Miscellaneous
4702:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4585:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4558:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4528:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4444:
4443:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4431:
4410:
4404:
4394:
4384:
4378:
4372:
4366:
4360:
4354:
4344:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4317:
4314:
4280:
4279:
4273:
4267:
4261:
4255:
4249:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4230:
4224:
4218:
4212:
4206:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4187:
4181:
4175:
4169:
4163:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4144:
4138:
4132:
4126:
4120:
4114:
4107:
4106:
4100:
4094:
4088:
4082:
4076:
4070:
4059:
4058:
4052:
4046:
4040:
4034:
4028:
4022:
4015:
4014:
4008:
4002:
3996:
3990:
3984:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3965:
3959:
3953:
3947:
3941:
3935:
3928:
3927:
3921:
3915:
3909:
3903:
3897:
3891:
3882:
3881:
3875:
3869:
3863:
3857:
3851:
3845:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3824:
3816:
3808:
3800:
3792:
3771:
3761:
3751:
3745:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3721:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3690:
3689:
3660:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3630:
3625:
3622:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3609:
3604:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3550:
3549:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3490:
3485:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3469:
3464:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3378:Crimean Tatars
3328:Danube Vilayet
3311:
3308:
3289:
3288:
3256:Veliko Tarnovo
3229:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3128:
3102:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3039:
3036:
3028:Russian Empire
3016:Crimean Tatars
2986:
2985:
2940:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2923:
2882:
2880:
2873:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2621:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2532:Mother tongue
2506:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2479:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:Roman Catholic
2410:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2176:Sofia Province
2172:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2032:Veliko Tarnovo
2028:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1768:
1765:
1734:Crimean Tatars
1674:) and Rahova (
1574:
1573:
1528:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1511:
1470:
1468:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1400:microsatellite
1391:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1350:
1333:
1266:
1263:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1003:
993:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
961:
956:
955:
952:
951:
948:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
861:
856:
855:
852:
851:
848:
847:
842:
840:Ottoman Empire
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
806:
801:
800:
797:
796:
793:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
761:
760:
752:
751:
746:
740:
739:
731:
730:
725:
720:
715:
709:
708:
700:
699:
694:
689:
683:
682:
674:
673:
671:United Kingdom
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
582:
581:
570:
569:
557:
556:
551:
546:
540:
539:
531:
530:
525:
520:
515:
509:
508:
500:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
473:
472:
464:
463:
452:
446:
445:
437:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
390:
389:
381:
380:
375:
359:
354:
353:
350:
349:
346:
345:
339:
334:
333:
330:
329:
321:
320:
318:Turkish people
314:
313:
312:of articles on
301:
300:
298:
297:
287:
279:Predominantly
276:
273:
272:
268:
267:
253:
252:
248:
247:
244:
230:
229:
226:
212:
211:
210:2,000 – 10,000
208:
194:
193:
190:
176:
175:
172:
158:
157:
156:326,000 (2005)
154:
140:
139:
136:
122:
121:
119:
118:
113:
108:
102:
99:
98:
94:
93:
82:
81:
64:
47:
43:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
19711:
19700:
19697:
19695:
19692:
19690:
19687:
19685:
19682:
19680:
19677:
19675:
19672:
19670:
19667:
19665:
19662:
19661:
19659:
19649:
19639:
19637:
19627:
19626:
19623:
19612:territories).
19611:
19607:
19603:
19599:
19595:
19591:
19587:
19581:
19575:
19572:
19570:
19567:
19565:
19562:
19560:
19557:
19555:
19552:
19551:
19549:
19545:
19539:
19536:
19534:
19531:
19529:
19526:
19525:
19523:
19519:
19509:
19506:
19504:
19501:
19499:
19496:
19494:
19491:
19489:
19486:
19484:
19481:
19479:
19476:
19474:
19471:
19469:
19466:
19464:
19461:
19459:
19456:
19454:
19451:
19449:
19446:
19444:
19441:
19439:
19436:
19434:
19431:
19426:
19422:
19419:
19415:
19414:
19413:
19410:
19408:
19405:
19403:
19400:
19398:
19395:
19393:
19390:
19388:
19385:
19380:
19376:
19375:
19374:
19371:
19369:
19366:
19364:
19361:
19359:
19356:
19354:
19351:
19349:
19346:
19344:
19341:
19339:
19336:
19334:
19331:
19329:
19326:
19324:
19321:
19319:
19316:
19314:
19313:Black Klobuks
19311:
19309:
19306:
19304:
19301:
19299:
19296:
19294:
19291:
19289:
19286:
19284:
19281:
19279:
19276:
19274:
19271:
19270:
19268:
19264:
19258:
19255:
19253:
19250:
19248:
19245:
19243:
19240:
19238:
19235:
19234:
19232:
19229:(exc. Russia)
19222:
19216:
19215:Afghan Kyrgyz
19213:
19211:
19208:
19206:
19203:
19198:
19194:
19193:
19192:
19189:
19187:
19184:
19182:
19179:
19178:
19176:
19174:
19168:
19162:
19159:
19157:
19154:
19152:
19149:
19148:
19146:
19140:
19134:
19131:
19126:
19122:
19121:
19120:
19117:
19115:
19112:
19110:
19107:
19100:
19096:
19095:
19093:
19089:
19086:
19082:
19079:
19075:
19072:
19071:Mishar Tatars
19068:
19065:
19061:
19058:
19054:
19053:
19052:
19049:
19047:
19044:
19042:
19039:
19037:
19034:
19032:
19029:
19027:
19024:
19019:
19015:
19014:
19013:
19010:
19008:
19005:
19003:
19000:
18998:
18995:
18993:
18990:
18988:
18985:
18983:
18980:
18978:
18975:
18970:
18966:
18963:
18959:
18956:
18952:
18951:
18950:
18947:
18946:
18944:
18938:
18932:
18929:
18927:
18924:
18922:
18919:
18917:
18914:
18912:
18909:
18907:
18904:
18902:
18899:
18897:
18894:
18892:
18889:
18888:
18886:
18880:
18874:
18871:
18869:
18866:
18864:
18861:
18859:
18856:
18855:
18853:
18847:
18841:
18838:
18833:
18829:
18828:
18827:
18824:
18822:
18819:
18817:
18814:
18812:
18809:
18807:
18804:
18799:
18795:
18794:
18793:
18790:
18788:
18785:
18783:
18780:
18778:
18775:
18774:
18772:
18766:
18760:
18757:
18755:
18752:
18751:
18749:
18747:in Uzbekistan
18743:
18737:
18734:
18732:
18729:
18727:
18724:
18722:
18721:Serbian Turks
18719:
18717:
18714:
18712:
18709:
18707:
18704:
18702:
18699:
18697:
18694:
18692:
18689:
18687:
18684:
18682:
18681:Kosovan Turks
18679:
18677:
18676:Israeli Turks
18674:
18672:
18669:
18667:
18664:
18662:
18659:
18657:
18656:Cypriot Turks
18654:
18652:
18649:
18647:
18644:
18642:
18639:
18637:
18636:Bosnian Turks
18634:
18629:
18625:
18624:
18623:
18620:
18618:
18615:
18610:
18606:
18603:
18599:
18596:
18592:
18589:
18585:
18584:
18583:
18580:
18579:
18577:
18573:
18567:
18564:
18559:
18555:
18550:
18546:
18545:
18543:
18539:
18538:
18537:
18534:
18533:
18531:
18527:
18521:
18518:
18516:
18513:
18511:
18510:Afghan Kyrgyz
18508:
18503:
18499:
18498:
18497:
18494:
18492:
18489:
18488:
18486:
18482:
18476:
18473:
18471:
18468:
18466:
18463:
18461:
18458:
18457:
18455:
18451:
18442:
18438:
18433:
18429:
18428:
18426:
18422:
18419:
18415:
18410:
18406:
18403:
18399:
18398:
18396:
18392:
18391:
18390:
18387:
18386:
18384:
18380:
18377:
18375:
18371:
18367:
18360:
18355:
18353:
18348:
18346:
18341:
18340:
18337:
18321:
18315:
18310:
18307:
18302:
18299:
18294:
18291:
18286:
18283:
18278:
18275:
18271:
18267:
18261:
18257:
18252:
18249:
18244:
18241:
18236:
18233:
18228:
18224:
18223:
18217:
18216:
18212:
18211:
18208:
18204:
18201:according to
18198:
18194:
18187:
18182:
18180:
18175:
18173:
18168:
18167:
18164:
18152:
18149:
18147:
18144:
18142:
18139:
18135:
18132:
18131:
18130:
18127:
18125:
18122:
18120:
18117:
18115:
18112:
18111:
18109:
18105:
18099:
18096:
18094:
18091:
18089:
18086:
18082:
18079:
18078:
18077:
18074:
18072:
18069:
18067:
18064:
18062:
18059:
18057:
18054:
18052:
18049:
18045:
18042:
18040:
18037:
18035:
18032:
18030:
18027:
18026:
18025:
18022:
18020:
18017:
18015:
18012:
18010:
18007:
18005:
18002:
18000:
17997:
17995:
17992:
17990:
17987:
17985:
17982:
17980:
17977:
17975:
17972:
17970:
17967:
17965:
17962:
17958:
17955:
17954:
17953:
17950:
17949:
17947:
17945:
17941:
17935:
17932:
17930:
17927:
17925:
17922:
17920:
17917:
17915:
17912:
17910:
17907:
17905:
17902:
17901:
17899:
17895:
17889:
17886:
17884:
17881:
17880:
17878:
17874:
17868:
17865:
17863:
17860:
17858:
17855:
17854:
17852:
17848:
17842:
17839:
17837:
17834:
17832:
17829:
17828:
17826:
17822:
17816:
17813:
17811:
17808:
17807:
17805:
17801:
17795:
17792:
17790:
17787:
17785:
17782:
17781:
17779:
17775:
17767:
17764:
17763:
17762:
17761:United States
17759:
17757:
17754:
17752:
17749:
17748:
17746:
17742:
17734:
17731:
17730:
17729:
17726:
17724:
17721:
17719:
17716:
17714:
17711:
17709:
17706:
17704:
17701:
17699:
17696:
17694:
17691:
17689:
17688:Liechtenstein
17686:
17684:
17681:
17679:
17676:
17674:
17671:
17667:
17664:
17663:
17662:
17659:
17657:
17654:
17652:
17649:
17647:
17644:
17642:
17639:
17637:
17634:
17632:
17629:
17628:
17626:
17624:
17619:
17615:
17611:
17607:
17597:
17594:
17592:
17589:
17588:
17586:
17584:Other regions
17582:
17576:
17573:
17571:
17568:
17566:
17563:
17559:
17556:
17555:
17554:
17551:
17550:
17548:
17542:
17534:
17531:
17530:
17529:
17526:
17524:
17521:
17519:
17516:
17514:
17511:
17507:
17504:
17503:
17502:
17499:
17495:
17492:
17491:
17490:
17487:
17486:
17484:
17478:
17470:
17467:
17465:
17462:
17461:
17459:
17457:
17454:
17453:
17451:
17445:
17439:
17436:
17434:
17431:
17429:
17426:
17424:
17421:
17419:
17416:
17412:
17409:
17407:
17404:
17402:
17399:
17398:
17396:
17394:
17391:
17389:
17386:
17384:
17381:
17380:
17378:
17375:
17369:
17364:
17360:
17356:
17352:
17348:
17344:
17340:
17337:
17334:
17328:
17324:
17321:
17314:
17309:
17307:
17302:
17300:
17295:
17294:
17291:
17284:
17280:
17276:
17270:
17266:
17265:
17259:
17255:
17251:
17247:
17243:
17239:
17235:
17234:
17228:
17227:
17222:
17218:
17214:
17210:
17209:
17203:
17200:
17199:9781138480520
17196:
17192:
17188:
17184:
17180:
17176:
17172:
17168:
17164:
17159:
17158:
17150:
17149:954-711-024-1
17146:
17142:
17139:Yalamov, I.,
17138:
17135:
17132:
17120:
17116:
17115:
17110:
17106:
17103:
17099:
17096:
17092:
17089:Petkova, L.,
17088:
17085:
17081:
17079:
17078:0-87850-094-4
17075:
17071:
17067:
17065:
17064:954-07-2867-3
17061:
17057:
17053:
17049:
17045:
17043:
17041:
17040:1-84718-471-5
17037:
17033:
17029:
17027:
17026:9781138480520
17023:
17019:
17015:
17012:
17008:
17006:
17005:1-4039-6417-3
17002:
16998:
16994:
16992:
16991:0-415-91976-2
16988:
16984:
16980:
16978:
16977:0-521-56719-X
16974:
16970:
16966:
16964:
16963:0-521-25340-3
16960:
16956:
16952:
16950:
16949:0-88033-029-5
16946:
16942:
16938:
16935:
16931:
16928:
16927:
16922:
16920:
16917:
16914:
16913:
16908:
16905:
16901:
16900:
16888:
16884:
16877:
16861:
16857:
16854:Eminov, Ali.
16850:
16834:
16830:
16824:
16805:
16798:
16792:
16776:
16772:
16765:
16749:
16745:
16739:
16723:
16719:
16713:
16697:
16693:
16687:
16681:
16677:
16674:
16670:
16654:
16650:
16648:9781317557128
16644:
16641:. Routledge.
16640:
16639:
16631:
16622:
16603:
16596:
16590:
16584:
16580:
16577:
16571:
16563:
16557:
16541:
16537:
16530:
16514:
16510:
16503:
16487:
16483:
16477:
16468:
16466:
16456:
16450:
16446:
16443:
16439:
16437:
16420:
16416:
16410:
16394:
16390:
16384:
16368:
16364:
16360:
16353:
16344:
16328:
16324:
16320:
16313:
16311:
16309:
16307:
16305:
16303:
16301:
16291:
16289:
16279:
16277:
16275:
16273:
16271:
16269:
16252:
16248:
16241:
16233:
16227:
16208:
16201:
16194:
16186:
16184:9781138480520
16180:
16176:
16169:
16161:
16157:
16156:
16151:
16144:
16136:
16132:
16128:
16122:
16114:
16108:
16092:
16088:
16081:
16065:
16061:
16055:
16039:
16033:
16026:
16022:
16019:
16014:
16012:
16010:
16000:
15994:
15990:
15987:
15982:
15980:
15971:
15965:
15946:
15939:
15932:
15916:
15912:
15911:"Страница 16"
15905:
15899:
15895:
15892:
15887:
15871:
15867:
15861:
15845:
15841:
15835:
15833:
15831:
15814:
15810:
15806:
15800:
15794:
15790:
15787:
15782:
15780:
15778:
15768:
15759:
15743:
15739:
15732:
15723:
15721:
15714:
15710:
15707:
15703:
15696:
15692:
15689:
15684:
15677:
15673:
15670:
15665:
15649:
15645:
15639:
15623:
15619:
15613:
15594:
15590:
15584:
15577:
15573:
15570:
15565:
15557:
15556:
15548:
15541:(in Turkish).
15537:
15536:
15528:
15521:
15517:
15514:
15509:
15502:
15498:
15495:
15490:
15483:
15479:
15476:
15471:
15464:
15460:
15457:
15452:
15445:
15441:
15438:
15433:
15426:
15422:
15419:
15414:
15412:
15410:
15400:
15394:, 1996, p.300
15393:
15389:
15385:
15384:Mikulas Teich
15380:
15374:, 2000, p.425
15373:
15367:
15358:
15342:
15338:
15332:
15328:
15327:
15319:
15310:
15301:
15292:
15283:
15274:
15265:
15259:
15255:
15252:
15248:
15232:
15228:
15224:
15218:
15202:
15198:
15191:
15182:
15166:
15162:
15156:
15137:
15130:
15123:
15117:
15113:
15107:
15098:
15089:
15080:
15078:
15061:
15057:
15051:
15035:
15031:
15025:
15016:
15009:
15003:
14996:
14992:
14988:
14984:
14977:
14961:
14957:
14951:
14942:
14940:
14930:
14928:
14911:
14907:
14901:
14897:
14896:
14888:
14872:
14868:
14862:
14858:
14857:
14849:
14843:
14839:
14836:
14830:
14821:
14816:
14812:
14808:
14804:
14797:
14791:
14785:
14769:
14765:
14759:
14750:
14743:
14737:
14719:
14712:
14711:
14703:
14694:
14685:
14674:
14667:
14666:
14658:
14656:
14649:, pp. 666–667
14648:
14642:
14633:
14624:
14615:
14606:
14599:
14593:
14585:
14581:
14580:Halil Inalcik
14575:
14568:
14562:
14553:
14546:
14543:Runciman, S.
14540:
14531:
14515:
14511:
14505:
14498:
14493:
14477:
14473:
14467:
14459:
14452:
14444:
14438:
14422:
14418:
14417:
14413:Maeva, Mila.
14409:
14393:
14389:
14383:
14367:
14363:
14357:
14338:
14331:
14325:
14306:
14299:
14292:
14283:
14274:
14265:
14258:
14253:
14245:
14240:
14239:
14231:
14215:
14211:
14204:
14188:
14184:
14180:
14173:
14157:
14153:
14152:
14144:
14142:
14140:
14123:
14119:
14112:
14110:
14108:
14088:
14080:
14073:
14071:
14069:
14052:
14048:
14041:
14039:
14037:
14020:
14016:
14010:
14008:
13998:
13993:
13989:
13985:
13981:
13974:
13972:
13970:
13968:
13966:
13964:
13962:
13953:
13949:
13945:
13941:
13934:
13918:
13917:
13909:
13902:
13896:
13880:
13876:
13869:
13854:
13853:
13845:
13829:
13825:
13819:
13817:
13800:
13796:
13792:
13786:
13784:
13775:
13774:
13769:
13763:
13747:
13746:
13738:
13722:
13718:
13714:
13708:
13706:
13686:
13682:
13678:
13670:
13663:
13661:
13644:
13640:
13639:
13631:
13623:
13617:
13612:
13608:
13604:
13600:
13593:
13585:
13584:
13579:
13578:
13571:
13566:
13562:
13558:
13554:
13547:
13539:
13535:
13530:
13525:
13521:
13517:
13513:
13506:
13500:
13494:
13478:
13474:
13473:
13465:
13463:
13454:
13450:
13443:
13435:
13431:
13424:
13416:
13412:
13405:
13389:
13385:
13384:
13376:
13374:
13357:
13353:
13351:9781136787843
13347:
13343:
13342:
13334:
13332:
13323:
13319:
13312:
13310:
13308:
13306:
13296:
13291:
13287:
13283:
13279:
13272:
13270:
13268:
13266:
13264:
13244:
13236:
13229:
13220:
13215:
13211:
13207:
13203:
13196:
13194:
13186:
13182:
13179:
13175:
13170:
13161:
13156:
13152:
13148:
13144:
13137:
13135:
13133:
13131:
13129:
13127:
13117:
13115:
13106:
13099:
13090:
13085:
13081:
13077:
13073:
13066:
13064:
13062:
13060:
13050:
13045:
13041:
13037:
13033:
13026:
13024:
13022:
13014:
13001:
12997:
12996:
12988:
12981:
12968:
12964:
12963:
12955:
12939:
12935:
12931:
12924:
12922:
12920:
12918:
12916:
12907:
12903:
12902:
12894:
12886:
12882:
12875:
12859:
12854:
12849:
12845:
12841:
12837:
12830:
12821:
12816:
12812:
12808:
12804:
12797:
12795:
12793:
12791:
12782:
12781:Дунав, Г. III
12775:
12766:
12761:
12757:
12753:
12749:
12742:
12740:
12738:
12721:
12717:
12711:
12709:
12707:
12697:
12692:
12688:
12684:
12680:
12673:
12671:
12669:
12667:
12665:
12656:
12650:
12642:
12638:
12631:
12623:
12616:
12614:
12612:
12610:
12608:
12601:
12597:
12594:
12592:
12588:
12585:
12581:
12562:
12558:
12551:
12545:
12529:
12525:
12519:
12503:
12499:
12493:
12485:
12481:
12475:
12460:
12456:
12450:
12435:
12431:
12425:
12409:
12405:
12398:
12382:
12378:
12376:9783727813269
12372:
12368:
12367:
12359:
12343:
12339:
12337:9780199687428
12333:
12329:
12328:
12320:
12312:
12310:9789211091434
12306:
12302:
12301:
12293:
12277:
12273:
12271:9780313323843
12267:
12263:
12262:
12255:
12236:
12229:
12223:
12204:
12197:
12191:
12172:
12165:
12158:
12156:
12154:
12152:
12150:
12148:
12138:
12130:
12126:
12119:
12117:
12115:
12113:
12111:
12109:
12107:
12105:
12088:
12084:
12083:
12075:
12073:
12071:
12069:
12067:
12057:
12051:
12047:
12044:
12038:
12031:
12027:
12024:
12019:
12013:
12009:
12006:
12000:
11984:
11980:
11974:
11958:
11954:
11950:
11943:
11927:
11923:
11917:
11901:
11897:
11891:
11885:, pp. 146–47.
11884:
11878:
11876:
11866:
11857:
11848:
11842:
11841:0-7656-0528-7
11838:
11834:
11828:
11820:
11816:
11810:
11808:
11791:
11787:
11781:
11779:
11770:
11766:
11764:
11759:
11752:
11745:. p. 98.
11744:
11737:
11721:
11717:
11713:
11707:
11689:
11683:
11667:
11663:
11657:
11641:
11637:
11631:
11616:
11612:
11608:
11602:
11586:
11582:
11576:
11560:
11556:
11550:
11534:
11530:
11524:
11522:
11505:
11501:
11495:
11493:
11488:
11476:
11472:
11468:
11464:
11460:
11454:
11450:
11441:
11438:
11436:
11433:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11423:
11421:
11418:
11416:
11413:
11411:
11408:
11406:
11403:
11401:
11398:
11397:
11390:
11380:
11378:
11374:
11372:
11366:
11364:
11348:Fatma Hüseyin
11347:
11344:
11341:
11338:
11335:
11333:Kadriye Cesur
11332:
11329:
11326:
11323:
11320:
11318:Arzu Tahirova
11317:
11314:
11312:Ahmet Kadirov
11311:
11308:
11305:
11302:
11299:
11297:Lamia Varnalı
11296:
11293:
11290:
11287:
11285:Kadir Osmanov
11284:
11282:Latif Karagöz
11281:
11278:
11275:
11273:Fevzi Kadirov
11272:
11270:Fehim Şentürk
11269:
11266:
11263:
11260:
11257:
11254:
11251:
11248:
11245:
11243:Mustafa Çetev
11242:
11239:
11237:Faik İsmailov
11236:
11233:
11230:
11227:
11224:
11221:
11218:
11215:
11213:
11210:
11208:Yusuf Ahmedov
11207:
11204:
11201:
11199:İsmail İbişev
11198:
11196:Kazım Memişev
11195:
11192:
11189:
11186:
11183:
11180:
11177:
11174:
11171:
11168:
11165:
11162:
11160:Naci Ferhadov
11159:
11156:
11154:Turhan Rasiev
11153:
11150:
11147:
11144:
11141:
11138:
11135:
11133:İshak Raşidov
11132:
11129:
11126:
11124:Lütfi Demirov
11123:
11120:
11117:
11114:
11112:Ahmet Şerifov
11111:
11108:
11106:Ahmet Timisev
11105:
11102:
11099:
11096:
11093:
11090:
11088:Yusuf Kerimov
11087:
11084:
11081:
11078:
11075:
11073:Selim Bilalov
11072:
11069:
11066:
11063:
11060:
11057:
11054:
11051:
11048:
11045:
11042:
11039:
11036:
11033:
11030:
11029:
11027:
11024:
11011:
11008:
11006:
11003:
11002:
10998:
10994:
10991:
10989:
10988:Stara Planina
10986:
10985:
10981:
10978:
10975:
10974:
10971:
10967:
10965:
10962:
10960:
10957:
10956:
10952:
10948:
10944:
10940:
10937:
10935:Borimechkovo
10934:
10933:
10929:
10926:
10923:
10922:
10918:
10915:
10912:
10911:
10908:
10907:Stara Planina
10904:
10901:
10899:
10896:
10895:
10892:
10889:
10886:
10885:
10882:
10879:
10877:
10874:
10873:
10870:
10867:
10865:
10862:
10861:
10858:
10855:
10853:
10850:
10849:
10846:
10843:
10841:
10838:
10837:
10834:
10831:
10829:
10826:
10825:
10822:
10819:
10817:
10814:
10813:
10810:
10807:
10805:
10802:
10801:
10798:
10795:
10793:
10790:
10789:
10786:
10783:
10781:
10778:
10777:
10774:
10771:
10769:
10766:
10765:
10762:
10759:
10757:
10754:
10753:
10750:
10747:
10745:
10744:Tervel (town)
10742:
10741:
10738:
10735:
10733:
10730:
10729:
10726:
10723:
10721:
10718:
10717:
10714:
10711:
10709:
10706:
10705:
10702:
10699:
10697:
10694:
10693:
10690:
10687:
10685:
10682:
10681:
10678:
10675:
10673:
10670:
10669:
10666:
10663:
10661:
10658:
10657:
10654:
10651:
10649:
10646:
10645:
10642:
10639:
10637:
10634:
10633:
10630:
10627:
10625:
10622:
10621:
10618:
10615:
10613:
10610:
10609:
10606:
10603:
10601:
10598:
10597:
10594:
10591:
10589:
10586:
10585:
10582:
10579:
10577:
10574:
10573:
10570:
10567:
10565:
10562:
10561:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10550:
10549:
10545:
10541:
10537:
10534:
10532:
10529:
10528:
10525:
10522:
10520:
10517:
10516:
10513:
10510:
10508:
10505:
10504:
10501:
10498:
10496:
10493:
10492:
10489:
10486:
10484:
10481:
10480:
10477:
10474:
10472:
10469:
10468:
10465:
10462:
10460:
10457:
10456:
10453:
10450:
10447:
10446:
10443:
10440:
10438:
10435:
10434:
10431:
10428:
10426:
10423:
10422:
10419:
10416:
10414:
10413:Kubrat (town)
10411:
10410:
10406:
10402:
10399:
10397:
10394:
10393:
10390:
10387:
10385:
10382:
10381:
10378:
10375:
10373:
10370:
10369:
10366:
10363:
10361:
10358:
10357:
10354:
10351:
10349:
10346:
10345:
10342:
10339:
10337:
10334:
10333:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10322:
10321:
10318:
10315:
10313:
10310:
10309:
10306:
10303:
10300:
10299:
10296:
10293:
10291:
10288:
10287:
10284:
10281:
10278:
10277:
10274:
10271:
10269:
10266:
10265:
10262:
10259:
10257:
10254:
10253:
10250:
10247:
10245:
10242:
10241:
10238:
10235:
10233:
10230:
10229:
10225:
10222:
10220:
10217:
10216:
10213:
10211:
10207:
10203:
10199:
10195:
10190:
10186:
10182:
10178:
10175:
10172:
10170:
10167:
10166:
10163:
10160:
10158:
10155:
10154:
10151:
10148:
10146:
10143:
10142:
10139:
10136:
10134:
10133:Dolni Chiflik
10131:
10130:
10127:
10124:
10122:
10119:
10118:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10106:
10103:
10100:
10098:
10095:
10094:
10091:
10088:
10086:
10083:
10082:
10079:
10076:
10074:
10071:
10070:
10067:
10064:
10062:
10059:
10058:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10046:
10043:
10040:
10038:
10035:
10034:
10030:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10021:
10018:
10015:
10013:
10010:
10009:
10005:
10002:
10000:
9997:
9996:
9993:
9990:
9988:
9985:
9984:
9981:
9978:
9976:
9973:
9972:
9968:
9966:Turkish Name
9961:
9958:
9949:
9946:
9938:
9927:
9924:
9920:
9917:
9913:
9910:
9906:
9903:
9899:
9896: –
9895:
9891:
9890:Find sources:
9884:
9880:
9874:
9873:
9868:This article
9866:
9862:
9857:
9856:
9852:
9842:
9840:
9835:
9831:
9827:
9823:
9818:
9816:
9812:
9808:
9804:
9800:
9796:
9792:
9788:
9783:
9780:
9776:
9772:
9767:
9765:
9761:
9757:
9753:
9749:
9745:
9741:
9737:
9733:
9729:
9720:
9712:
9708:
9704:
9702:
9698:
9693:
9687:
9677:
9673:
9669:
9665:
9662:
9657:
9655:
9650:
9646:
9641:
9639:
9633:
9629:
9627:
9623:
9618:
9604:
9602:
9598:
9583:
9576:
9571:
9564:
9559:
9552:
9547:
9546:
9539:
9536:
9531:
9528:
9523:
9520:
9515:
9512:
9507:
9504:
9499:
9496:
9491:
9488:
9483:
9480:
9476:
9473:
9471:
9468:
9463:
9460:
9455:
9452:
9447:
9444:
9439:
9436:
9431:
9428:
9423:
9420:
9416:
9411:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9386:
9384:
9379:
9378:Todor Zhivkov
9374:
9371:
9367:
9363:
9359:
9348:
9346:
9340:
9338:
9333:
9328:
9324:
9320:
9319:Todor Zhivkov
9316:
9312:
9302:
9298:
9296:
9292:
9288:
9287:Bulgarisation
9284:
9280:
9275:
9274:
9270:
9266:
9262:
9257:
9253:
9248:
9246:
9243:it is stated
9242:
9238:
9234:
9230:
9226:
9221:
9217:
9212:
9209:
9205:
9200:
9196:
9194:
9188:
9184:
9182:
9178:
9174:
9170:
9166:
9162:
9158:
9154:
9144:
9142:
9137:
9132:
9128:
9118:
9116:
9112:
9107:
9103:
9092:
9083:
9081:
9077:
9072:
9068:
9064:
9060:
9056:
9055:Halk Gençliği
9052:
9048:
9044:
9040:
9025:
9023:
9019:
9013:
9009:
9005:
9003:
8999:
8994:
8984:
8981:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8964:
8959:
8955:
8951:
8946:
8942:
8937:
8935:
8931:
8927:
8923:
8918:
8914:
8909:
8907:
8903:
8899:
8894:
8892:
8888:
8883:
8879:
8874:
8869:
8867:
8863:
8858:
8853:
8850:
8848:
8844:
8840:
8835:
8831:
8826:
8823:
8819:
8814:
8810:
8806:
8800:
8797:
8793:
8789:
8784:
8782:
8778:
8774:
8768:
8765:
8761:
8757:
8753:
8748:
8744:
8739:
8737:
8732:
8728:
8724:
8714:
8712:
8708:
8704:
8699:
8697:
8692:
8689:
8685:
8681:
8679:
8675:
8673:
8669:
8665:
8661:
8659:
8655:
8653:
8649:
8645:
8643:
8639:
8638:Terbiye Ocağı
8635:
8633:
8629:
8625:
8623:
8619:
8615:
8613:
8609:
8608:was founded.
8607:
8603:
8599:
8595:
8591:
8587:
8583:
8579:
8577:
8573:
8569:
8566:
8563:
8559:
8553:
8550:
8545:
8537:
8535:
8531:
8527:
8523:
8519:
8514:
8510:
8506:
8504:
8499:
8494:
8492:
8488:
8484:
8478:
8476:
8473:According to
8471:
8469:
8465:
8461:
8457:
8453:
8449:
8445:
8441:
8437:
8433:
8429:
8425:
8416:
8407:
8405:
8401:
8397:
8393:
8389:
8385:
8381:
8377:
8373:
8369:
8365:
8361:
8355:
8350:
8344:
8340:
8336:
8330:
8326:
8325:Tombul Mosque
8322:
8316:
8312:
8308:
8299:
8297:
8294:(Filibe) and
8293:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8277:
8273:
8269:
8265:
8261:
8257:
8253:
8248:
8244:
8243:
8238:
8234:
8230:
8226:
8222:
8218:
8214:
8209:
8207:
8203:
8199:
8195:
8191:
8187:
8183:
8178:
8176:
8172:
8168:
8164:
8160:
8156:
8152:
8148:
8144:
8140:
8136:
8132:
8128:
8124:
8120:
8116:
8112:
8108:
8104:
8100:
8096:
8092:
8087:
8079:
8070:
8061:
8059:
8055:
8054:Evliya Çelebi
8051:
8047:
8043:
8039:
8036:
8032:
8028:
8024:
8021:
8018:
8014:
8010:
8006:
8002:
7998:
7994:
7990:
7986:
7982:
7978:
7974:
7970:
7966:
7962:
7958:
7947:
7945:
7934:
7924:
7920:
7914:
7912:
7907:This article
7905:
7896:
7895:
7886:
7883:
7875:
7865:
7861:
7855:
7854:
7849:This section
7847:
7838:
7837:
7825:
7821:
7817:
7813:
7809:
7802:
7797:
7790:
7785:
7778:
7773:
7766:
7761:
7754:
7749:
7742:
7737:
7730:
7725:
7718:
7713:
7706:
7701:
7694:
7689:
7688:
7683:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7671:
7667:
7661:
7656:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7642:
7639:
7636:
7635:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7621:
7618:
7615:
7614:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7600:
7597:
7594:
7593:
7589:
7587:
7585:
7580:
7577:
7574:
7573:
7569:
7567:
7565:
7560:
7557:
7554:
7553:
7549:
7547:
7545:
7540:
7537:
7534:
7533:
7529:
7527:
7525:
7520:
7517:
7514:
7513:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7499:
7496:
7493:
7492:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7478:
7475:
7472:
7471:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7457:
7453:
7450:
7449:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7435:
7432:
7429:
7428:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7414:
7411:
7408:
7407:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7393:
7390:
7387:
7386:
7382:
7380:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7368:
7364:
7362:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7350:
7346:
7344:
7342:
7337:
7334:
7331:
7330:
7326:
7324:
7322:
7317:
7314:
7311:
7310:
7306:
7304:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7292:
7289:
7283:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7275:
7271:
7269:Turks/others
7268:
7265:
7262:
7259:
7258:
7253:
7250:
7245:
7242:in 1989, the
7241:
7236:
7233:
7229:
7228:Todor Zhivkov
7226:
7221:
7219:
7208:
7204:
7201:
7197:
7192:
7190:
7185:
7183:
7179:
7175:
7171:
7170:Bulgar millet
7167:
7157:
7155:
7149:
7140:
7136:
7126:
7110:
7102:
7094:
7080:and Palairet.
7079:
7068:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6981:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6898:
6894:
6890:
6884:
6878:
6872:
6866:
6860:
6854:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6834:
6828:
6822:
6816:
6810:
6804:
6798:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6695:
6691:
6685:
6679:
6673:
6667:
6661:
6655:
6649:
6644:
6640:
6636:
6630:
6624:
6618:
6612:
6606:
6600:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6580:
6574:
6568:
6562:
6556:
6550:
6544:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6524:
6518:
6512:
6506:
6500:
6494:
6488:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6468:
6462:
6456:
6450:
6444:
6438:
6432:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6412:
6406:
6400:
6394:
6388:
6382:
6376:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6356:
6350:
6344:
6338:
6332:
6326:
6320:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6300:
6294:
6288:
6282:
6276:
6270:
6264:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6165:
6162:
6161:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6147:
6141:
6139:
6133:
6127:
6122:
6119:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6094:
6093:
6087:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6074:
6071:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6056:
6053:
6048:
6045:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6010:
6009:
6003:
5999:
5993:
5987:
5981:
5975:
5969:
5963:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5943:
5938:
5935:
5929:
5923:
5917:
5911:
5905:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5885:
5879:
5873:
5867:
5861:
5855:
5849:
5843:
5838:
5835:Zağra-i Atik/
5833:
5829:
5823:
5817:
5811:
5805:
5799:
5793:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5773:
5767:
5761:
5755:
5749:
5743:
5737:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5717:
5711:
5705:
5699:
5693:
5687:
5681:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5661:
5658:
5655:
5652:
5649:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5640:Yahudi millet
5638:
5635:
5633:(Paulicians)
5632:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5612:
5609:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5597:
5591:
5589:
5584:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5570:
5566:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5544:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5527:
5526:Modern Turkey
5523:
5518:
5508:
5504:
5502:
5498:
5494:
5490:
5484:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5458:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5432:
5431:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5414:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5385:
5382:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5358:
5355:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5269:
5266:
5265:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5242:
5237:
5233:
5228:
5215:
5209:
5207:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5186:
5184:
5180:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5165:
5161:
5152:
5143:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5124:
5122:
5117:
5102:
5094:
5086:
5078:
5070:
5062:
5054:
5046:
5038:
5030:
5022:
5014:
5006:
4998:
4990:
4982:
4974:
4966:
4960:Belogradchik
4958:
4950:
4946:
4945:
4940:
4936:
4930:
4921:
4917:
4907:
4891:
4883:
4881:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4863:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4836:
4835:Sanjak of Niš
4832:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4806:
4802:
4799:
4796:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4764:Yahudi millet
4761:
4760:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4736:
4731:
4730:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4703:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4676:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4652:
4651:Ermeni millet
4647:
4646:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4622:
4617:
4616:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4592:
4591:Bulgar millet
4587:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4535:
4530:
4529:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4505:
4500:
4499:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4441:
4438:
4435:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4401:
4391:
4351:
4343:
4337:
4334:
4330:
4327:
4324:
4313:
4311:
4305:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4274:
4269:213,180
4268:
4263:245,894
4262:
4256:
4251:178,823
4250:
4245:309,797
4244:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4231:
4225:
4219:
4213:
4207:
4201:
4199:
4198:Yahudi Millet
4196:
4195:
4188:
4182:
4176:
4170:
4164:
4158:
4156:
4155:Ermeni Millet
4153:
4152:
4145:
4139:
4133:
4127:
4121:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4108:
4101:
4095:
4089:
4083:
4077:
4071:
4068:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4053:
4047:
4041:
4035:
4029:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4010:595,247
4009:
4004:179,202
4003:
3998:148,713
3997:
3991:
3986:131,279
3985:
3980:114,792
3979:
3977:
3976:Bulgar Millet
3974:
3973:
3966:
3960:
3954:
3948:
3942:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3922:
3916:
3910:
3904:
3898:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3877:353,135
3876:
3870:
3864:
3858:
3852:
3847:164,455
3846:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3768:
3758:
3718:
3710:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3668:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3573:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3560:Crimean Tatar
3557:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3528:
3517:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3433:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3396:
3394:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3330:prior to the
3329:
3325:
3316:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3238:), Etripolu (
3237:
3233:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3136:
3132:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3099:
3077:
3069:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2982:
2979:
2971:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2941:This section
2939:
2930:
2929:
2920:
2917:
2909:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2883:This section
2881:
2872:
2871:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2653:
2647:Age structure
2637:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2530:
2527:
2522:
2520:
2511:
2495:
2489:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2331:
2328:
2323:
2321:
2312:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1799:(percentage)
1796:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1773:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1681:
1680:millet system
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1662:), Etripolu (
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1570:
1567:
1559:
1556:February 2023
1549:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1529:This section
1527:
1518:
1517:
1508:
1505:
1497:
1494:February 2023
1487:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1471:This section
1469:
1460:
1459:
1451:
1441:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1389:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1223:Konya Vilayet
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1146:) are ethnic
1145:
1141:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1117:
1110:
1105:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1002:
998:
995:
994:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
962:
959:
954:
953:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
925:Nazar boncuğu
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
862:
859:
854:
853:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
804:
799:
798:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
762:
759:
758:
754:
753:
750:
747:
745:
742:
741:
738:
737:
733:
732:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
710:
707:
706:
702:
701:
698:
697:United States
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
684:
681:
680:
676:
675:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
626:Liechtenstein
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
583:
580:
579:
577:
572:
571:
568:
567:
562:
561:
560:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
541:
538:
537:
533:
532:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
510:
507:
506:
502:
501:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
474:
471:
470:
466:
465:
461:
457:
453:
451:
448:
447:
444:
443:
439:
438:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
391:
388:
387:
383:
382:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
369:
368:
367:
362:
357:
352:
351:
344:
341:
340:
337:
332:
331:
327:
323:
322:
319:
316:
315:
311:
307:
306:
296:
292:
288:
286:
282:
278:
277:
274:
269:
266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
245:
243:
231:
227:
225:
213:
209:
207:
195:
191:
189:
177:
174:10,000–30,000
173:
171:
159:
155:
153:
141:
137:
135:
123:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
103:
100:
95:
91:
86:
77:
70:
65:
60:
48:
45:
44:
37:
33:
19:
19252:Lipka Tatars
19125:Tozhu Tuvans
19085:Volga Tatars
18798:Akto Turkmen
18691:Libyan Turks
18651:Cretan Turks
18640:
18566:Akto Turkmen
18515:Tajik Kyrgyz
18502:Akto Turkmen
18389:Azerbaijanis
18226:
18225:minorities:
18213:
17999:Akritas plan
17924:Turkmenistan
17621:Diaspora in
17614:South Africa
17591:Saudi Arabia
17387:
17263:
17237:
17231:
17212:
17206:
17190:
17166:
17162:
17140:
17123:. Retrieved
17119:the original
17113:
17094:
17083:
17082:Nicole, D.,
17069:
17047:
17031:
17017:
17010:
16996:
16982:
16981:Eminov, A.,
16968:
16954:
16940:
16925:
16911:
16897:Bibliography
16886:
16882:
16876:
16866:27 September
16864:. Retrieved
16849:
16839:27 September
16837:. Retrieved
16823:
16813:27 September
16811:. Retrieved
16804:the original
16791:
16781:27 September
16779:. Retrieved
16775:the original
16764:
16754:27 September
16752:. Retrieved
16748:the original
16738:
16728:27 September
16726:. Retrieved
16712:
16702:27 September
16700:. Retrieved
16686:
16669:
16657:. Retrieved
16637:
16630:
16621:
16609:. Retrieved
16602:the original
16589:
16570:
16544:. Retrieved
16540:the original
16529:
16517:. Retrieved
16513:the original
16502:
16492:27 September
16490:. Retrieved
16486:the original
16476:
16455:
16425:27 September
16423:. Retrieved
16419:the original
16409:
16399:27 September
16397:. Retrieved
16383:
16373:28 September
16371:. Retrieved
16363:Academia.edu
16362:
16357:Mila Maeva.
16352:
16343:
16331:. Retrieved
16327:the original
16322:
16257:27 September
16255:. Retrieved
16249:. Fakti.bg.
16240:
16214:. Retrieved
16207:the original
16193:
16174:
16168:
16160:the original
16153:
16143:
16135:the original
16130:
16121:
16095:. Retrieved
16091:the original
16080:
16070:27 September
16068:. Retrieved
16054:
16044:27 September
16042:. Retrieved
16032:
15999:
15952:. Retrieved
15945:the original
15931:
15919:. Retrieved
15915:the original
15904:
15886:
15876:27 September
15874:. Retrieved
15860:
15850:27 September
15848:. Retrieved
15844:the original
15819:28 September
15817:. Retrieved
15808:
15799:
15767:
15758:
15748:27 September
15746:. Retrieved
15731:
15702:
15683:
15664:
15654:27 September
15652:. Retrieved
15648:the original
15638:
15628:27 September
15626:. Retrieved
15622:the original
15612:
15602:27 September
15600:. Retrieved
15593:the original
15583:
15564:
15554:
15547:
15534:
15527:
15508:
15489:
15470:
15451:
15432:
15399:
15391:
15379:
15371:
15366:
15357:
15345:. Retrieved
15325:
15318:
15309:
15300:
15291:
15282:
15273:
15264:
15247:
15237:28 September
15235:. Retrieved
15226:
15217:
15207:27 September
15205:. Retrieved
15195:Ali Eminov.
15190:
15181:
15169:. Retrieved
15155:
15143:. Retrieved
15136:the original
15122:
15106:
15097:
15088:
15066:27 September
15064:. Retrieved
15050:
15040:27 September
15038:. Retrieved
15034:the original
15024:
15015:
15007:
15002:
14986:
14982:
14976:
14966:27 September
14964:. Retrieved
14950:
14914:. Retrieved
14894:
14887:
14875:. Retrieved
14855:
14848:
14829:
14810:
14806:
14796:
14789:
14784:
14774:23 September
14772:. Retrieved
14758:
14749:
14741:
14736:
14725:, retrieved
14709:
14702:
14693:
14684:
14673:the original
14664:
14646:
14641:
14632:
14623:
14614:
14605:
14592:
14583:
14574:
14566:
14561:
14552:
14544:
14539:
14530:
14518:. Retrieved
14514:the original
14504:
14496:
14492:
14480:. Retrieved
14478:. p. 10
14475:
14466:
14451:
14445:. NSI. 1881.
14437:
14425:. Retrieved
14415:
14408:
14396:. Retrieved
14382:
14372:30 September
14370:. Retrieved
14366:the original
14356:
14344:. Retrieved
14324:
14312:. Retrieved
14291:
14282:
14273:
14264:
14256:
14252:
14242:
14237:
14230:
14218:. Retrieved
14203:
14191:. Retrieved
14182:
14172:
14160:. Retrieved
14150:
14126:. Retrieved
14094:. Retrieved
14055:. Retrieved
14023:. Retrieved
13987:
13983:
13943:
13939:
13933:
13921:. Retrieved
13915:
13908:
13900:
13895:
13885:30 September
13883:. Retrieved
13878:
13868:
13857:, retrieved
13851:
13844:
13832:. Retrieved
13803:. Retrieved
13794:
13771:
13762:
13752:29 September
13750:. Retrieved
13744:
13737:
13725:. Retrieved
13716:
13692:. Retrieved
13680:
13676:
13647:. Retrieved
13637:
13630:
13620:
13606:
13602:
13592:
13582:
13581:
13575:
13574:
13560:
13556:
13546:
13519:
13515:
13505:
13498:
13493:
13481:. Retrieved
13471:
13452:
13448:
13442:
13433:
13429:
13423:
13414:
13410:
13404:
13392:. Retrieved
13382:
13360:. Retrieved
13340:
13322:the original
13285:
13281:
13250:. Retrieved
13228:
13209:
13205:
13173:
13169:
13150:
13146:
13104:
13098:
13079:
13075:
13039:
13035:
13011:
13004:. Retrieved
12994:
12987:
12978:
12971:. Retrieved
12961:
12954:
12942:. Retrieved
12933:
12905:
12900:
12893:
12884:
12880:
12874:
12862:. Retrieved
12846:(3): 85–86.
12843:
12839:
12829:
12810:
12806:
12780:
12774:
12755:
12751:
12724:. Retrieved
12686:
12682:
12640:
12636:
12630:
12621:
12580:
12568:. Retrieved
12561:the original
12556:
12544:
12532:. Retrieved
12528:the original
12518:
12506:. Retrieved
12492:
12474:
12462:. Retrieved
12458:
12449:
12437:. Retrieved
12433:
12424:
12412:. Retrieved
12397:
12385:. Retrieved
12365:
12358:
12346:. Retrieved
12326:
12319:
12299:
12292:
12280:. Retrieved
12260:
12254:
12244:29 September
12242:. Retrieved
12235:the original
12222:
12210:. Retrieved
12190:
12178:. Retrieved
12137:
12129:the original
12091:. Retrieved
12081:
12056:
12037:
12018:
11999:
11987:. Retrieved
11973:
11961:. Retrieved
11953:ResearchGate
11952:
11942:
11930:. Retrieved
11916:
11904:. Retrieved
11890:
11882:
11865:
11856:
11847:
11832:
11827:
11819:the original
11794:. Retrieved
11790:the original
11765:(44+2 vols.)
11761:
11751:
11742:
11736:
11724:. Retrieved
11715:
11706:
11694:. Retrieved
11682:
11672:29 September
11670:. Retrieved
11656:
11646:29 September
11644:. Retrieved
11630:
11619:, retrieved
11610:
11607:"Bli medlem"
11601:
11591:29 September
11589:. Retrieved
11575:
11565:29 September
11563:. Retrieved
11549:
11539:29 September
11537:. Retrieved
11508:. Retrieved
11453:
11376:
11368:
11360:
11357:
11339:Naim Bakoğlu
11336:Nafize Habip
11327:Emine Hocova
11321:Durhan Aliev
11291:Ahmet Aptiev
11264:Ali Durmuşev
11258:Osman Azizov
11255:Nazmi Nuriev
11252:Mehmet Memov
11222:Ali Bayramov
11219:Ömer Osmanov
11181:Ahmet Eminov
11175:Isa Cebeciev
11109:Hüseyin Oğuz
11064:Mehmet Fikri
11052:Behçet Perim
11025:
11022:
11009:Orta Balkan
10992:Koca Balkan
10913:Bulgaranovo
10864:Zavet (town)
10696:Stara Zagora
10538:Named after
10499:Osman Pazar
10448:Mihailovski
10209:
10208:which means
10205:
10201:
10200:which means
10197:
10193:
10192:
10188:
10187:which means
10184:
10180:
10176:
10041:Yukarı Cuma
9956:
9941:
9932:
9922:
9915:
9908:
9901:
9889:
9877:Please help
9872:verification
9869:
9819:
9784:
9768:
9725:
9705:
9689:
9674:
9670:
9666:
9658:
9642:
9634:
9630:
9619:
9615:
9593:
9474:
9469:
9414:
9409:
9394:
9387:
9375:
9354:
9341:
9337:Golden Sands
9308:
9299:
9276:
9272:
9249:
9244:
9213:
9201:
9197:
9193:Ottoman rule
9189:
9185:
9156:
9150:
9124:
9110:
9098:
9062:
9058:
9054:
9050:
9046:
9036:
9021:
9017:
9014:
9010:
9006:
8997:
8990:
8968:
8958:Principality
8938:
8910:
8895:
8870:
8854:
8851:
8827:
8811:and Ottoman
8801:
8785:
8769:
8740:
8720:
8710:
8706:
8702:
8700:
8693:
8683:
8682:
8677:
8676:
8663:
8662:
8657:
8656:
8647:
8646:
8641:
8637:
8636:
8627:
8626:
8617:
8616:
8611:
8610:
8605:
8589:
8581:
8580:
8571:
8570:
8567:
8561:
8557:
8554:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8515:
8511:
8507:
8495:
8479:
8472:
8421:
8403:
8391:
8387:
8371:
8367:
8358:
8280:
8240:
8210:
8181:
8179:
8084:
8013:Babai revolt
7953:
7941:
7928:
7908:
7878:
7869:
7850:
7681:
7678:
7663:
7640:
7619:
7598:
7578:
7558:
7538:
7518:
7497:
7476:
7455:
7433:
7412:
7391:
7335:
7315:
7237:
7222:
7220:population.
7214:
7205:
7193:
7186:
7163:
7153:
7150:
7146:
7090:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6156:
6151:
6137:
6120:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6089:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6046:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6005:
5936:
5837:Stara Zagora
5587:
5585:
5550:
5541:Great Powers
5530:
5506:
5488:
5486:
5350:W.N. Jocelyn
5187:
5182:
5174:
5170:
5167:bashi-bazouk
5157:
5140:Midhat Pasha
5127:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5112:
4927:
4877:
4870:
4866:
4858:
4843:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4762:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4422:
4341:
4332:
4322:
4319:
4309:
4306:
4302:
4283:
4257:85,805
4240:
4054:15,190
4030:14,690
3992:21,261
3967:24,696
3923:27,589
3893:16,588
3871:27,001
3865:88,445
3859:52,742
3853:20,492
3783:
3708:
3693:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3635:
3627:
3614:
3606:
3563:
3553:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3495:
3487:
3474:
3466:
3423:
3399:
3397:
3393:Kemal Karpat
3390:
3375:
3370:
3366:
3364:
3321:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3117:
3067:
3041:
3014:, including
2999:
2989:
2974:
2965:
2942:
2912:
2903:
2884:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2663:Ethnic group
2650:
2635:
2623:
2615:
2525:
2518:
2516:
2493:
2481:
2473:
2377:Irreligious
2326:
2319:
2317:
2289:
2282:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2016:Stara Zagora
1797:Ethnic Turks
1792:Ethnic Turks
1778:
1767:Demographics
1754:
1707:
1684:
1646:(3.5%), 702
1633:
1577:
1562:
1553:
1530:
1500:
1491:
1472:
1329:
1274:
1229:Vilayet and
1201:converts to
1184:
1127:
1126:
1063:Bahá'í Faith
1053:Christianity
935:Shadow plays
865:Architecture
785:South Africa
756:
755:
735:
734:
723:Turkmenistan
704:
703:
678:
677:
574:
573:
563:
558:
549:Saudi Arabia
535:
534:
504:
503:
468:
467:
441:
440:
398:
385:
384:
365:
364:
363:
360:
295:Christianity
260:
39:Ethnic group
36:
27:Ethnic group
19473:Toquz Oghuz
19412:Oghuz Turks
19379:Sir-Kıvchak
19173:Afghanistan
18916:Qarai Turks
18832:Tor Uyghurs
18811:Fuyu Kyrgyz
18759:Karakalpaks
18628:Kouloughlis
18432:Karapapakhs
18293:Macedonians
18277:Sarakatsani
18219:(5,664,624)
18134:Kouloughlis
17944:Turkophobia
17857:Afghanistan
17815:New Zealand
17723:Switzerland
17693:Netherlands
17558:Kouloughlis
16062:. Hrw.org.
14697:Eminov 1997
14645:P. Wittek,
14565:P. Wittek,
14476:Wcd.coe.int
13768:"No. 24365"
13497:K. Karpat,
13449:Das Ausland
12464:27 November
12439:27 November
12414:12 February
12180:12 February
11529:"DÖNEM: 22"
11510:27 November
11345:Ali Tiryaki
11324:Saffet Eren
11315:Avni Veliev
11300:Ahmet Aliev
11267:Alis Saidov
11231:Ali Kadirov
11225:Latif Aliev
11212:Recep Küpçü
11166:Yasar Gafur
11103:Sabri Tatov
11079:Riza Mollov
11076:Osman Kılıç
11067:Oğuz Peltek
11058:Lütfi Erçin
11005:Sredna Gora
10979:Hain-Boğaz
10970:Sari Saltik
10941:Village in
10756:Topolovgrad
10748:Kurt Bunar
10732:Targovishte
10700:Eski Zağra
10688:Duvancilar
10564:Potochnitsa
10487:Yeni Pazar
10459:Momchilgrad
10290:Ivaylovgrad
10206:Tsarkvishte
10149:Akkadınlar
10037:Blagoevgrad
9935:August 2011
9839:Güner Tahir
9809:) and one (
9807:Metin Kazak
9701:Ahmed Dogan
9697:Ahmed Dogan
9429:until 1887
9261:Momchilgrad
9256:Momchilgrad
9165:Muslim Roma
9053:("Light"),
8841:were given
8549:("foreign")
8496:During the
8376:Mimar Sinan
8123:Oghuz Turks
8050:Ibn Battuta
8023:Sari Saltuk
7674:Unification
7100: 1876
6842:Topolovgrad
6532:Nova Zagora
6092:Momchilgrad
6090:Sultanyeri/
6006:Ahi Çelebi/
5577:Topolovgrad
5565:Momchilgrad
4984:Berkovitsa
4733:—Christian
4442:Percentage
4430:Population
4232:4,595
4226:2,374
4208:1,009
4202:1,102
4189:1,799
4146:7,303
4140:1,437
4134:1,697
4122:2,048
4116:1,790
4110:Non-Muslim
4102:3,915
4084:3,421
3961:2,964
3955:6,545
3949:2,825
3943:2,783
3937:9,579
3905:4,307
3899:6,522
3621:Non-Muslims
3481:Non-Muslims
3400:male Muslim
3382:Circassians
3367:male Muslim
3250:), Rahova (
3246:), Plevne (
3234:), Izladi (
3020:Circassians
2436:Christians
2416:Christians
1984:Blagoevgrad
1888:Targovishte
1738:Circassians
1670:), Plevne (
1658:), Izladi (
1367:North Slavs
1355:Macedonians
1176:Targovishte
830:The Seljuqs
749:New Zealand
661:Switzerland
631:Netherlands
291:irreligious
281:Sunni Islam
170:Netherlands
19658:Categories
18520:Van Kyrgyz
18402:Shahsevans
18285:Ukrainians
18266:Aromanians
18215:Bulgarians
17934:Uzbekistan
17914:Kyrgyzstan
17909:Kazakhstan
17904:Azerbaijan
17494:Turkmeneli
17456:Azerbaijan
17428:Montenegro
17406:Dodecanese
17335:settlement
17323:by country
17046:Maeva, M.
17030:Maeva, M.
16611:10 October
16333:7 February
16216:25 October
16097:25 October
16060:"Bulgaria"
15954:19 October
15921:17 October
15644:"Abvg.net"
15388:Roy Porter
15347:14 January
15171:7 February
15145:21 October
15116:9754511926
14916:19 October
14877:19 October
14427:7 February
14257:More, R.J.
14220:4 February
14193:4 February
14162:1 February
14128:4 February
14096:4 February
14057:4 February
14025:9 February
13683:: 74, 77.
13649:1 February
13609:(4): 720.
13563:(4): 720.
13483:1 February
13455:: 393–416.
13417:: 259–261.
13394:6 February
13362:6 February
13252:4 February
13153:(4): 717.
13042:(4): 718.
13006:1 February
12973:1 February
12944:4 February
12758:(4): 682.
12726:9 February
12570:14 January
12282:19 October
12212:10 October
12093:1 February
11963:3 December
11932:30 January
11906:15 October
11758:"KIZILBAŞ"
11696:30 January
11484:References
11463:Aromanians
11457:The term "
11169:Ali Boncuk
11043:İzzet Dinç
11031:Aşık Hıfzi
10943:Pazardzhik
10890:Kızılkaya
10856:Yasa-Tepe
10808:Kurt-Dere
10804:Valchi Dol
10736:Eski Cuma
10708:Svilengrad
10672:Slivo Pole
10592:Hezargrad
10542:'s father
10507:Pazardzhik
10417:Kurtbunar
10400:Koşukavak
10396:Krumovgrad
10372:Kaynardzha
10328:Gevrekler
10324:Kalimantsi
10260:Şeytancık
9905:newspapers
9849:See also:
9537:2000–2007
9529:1989–2001
9521:1980–1989
9513:1970–1979
9505:1960–1969
9497:1950–1959
9489:1923–1949
9481:1912–1925
9461:1905–1910
9453:1900–1905
9445:1892–1900
9437:1887–1892
9179:names for
9111:Yeni Işık
9063:Yeni Hayat
9022:Yeni Hayat
8991:After the
8954:Bulgarians
8898:Bulgarians
8891:Bulgarians
8887:Bulgarians
8847:Circassian
8822:Bulgarians
8696:Ali Eminov
8694:Professor
8296:Pazardzhik
8229:Adrianople
8200:nomads to
8042:Nogai Khan
7997:Kaykaus II
7989:Selçukname
7911:unbalanced
7653:7,364,570
7632:7,928,901
7611:8,487,317
7590:8,727,771
7570:8,227,966
7550:7,613,709
7530:7,029,349
7510:6,077,939
7489:5,478,741
7468:4,846,971
7446:4,337,513
7425:4,035,575
7404:3,744,283
7383:3,310,713
7365:3,154,375
7307:2,007,919
7200:Sultanyeri
7196:Ahi Çelebi
6784:Kızılağaç/
6418:Karinâbâd/
5725:Pazardzhik
5615:Rum millet
5324:Courteille
5202:Courteille
5164:Circassian
5064:Provadiya
4850:Ravenstein
4621:Rum millet
4562:Christians
4350:Bulgarians
4326:Circassian
4288:ceded the
4063:Rum Millet
3886:Circassian
3791:Community
3717:Bulgarians
3651:1,120,954
3575:Community
3511:1,033,499
3435:Community
3265:, of whom
3242:), Lofça (
2952:improve it
2699:Bulgarians
2587:6,697,158
2434:Protestant
2405:6,552,751
2297:Bulgarians
2240:Kyustendil
2074:1,274,290
2064:Sofia City
2048:Pazardzhik
1685:After the
1666:), Lofça (
1589:Kyustendil
1540:improve it
1386:calculate
1347:Bulgarians
1269:See also:
1123:, Bulgaria
1026:Secularism
910:Literature
728:Uzbekistan
718:Kyrgyzstan
713:Kazakhstan
450:Azerbaijan
419:Montenegro
356:Population
19547:Diasporas
19488:Xueyantuo
19478:Uriankhai
19425:Pechenegs
19418:Turkomans
19392:Kutrigurs
19064:Kryashens
19026:Kumandins
19007:Karachays
18987:Besermyan
18962:Telengits
18868:Krymchaks
18851:in Crimea
18816:Ili Turks
18409:Küresünni
18270:Romanians
18251:Armenians
18238:(325,343)
18230:(588,318)
17841:Venezuela
17831:Argentina
17810:Australia
17523:Palestine
17469:Meskhetia
17254:153358568
17183:235558261
17125:25 August
16659:25 August
16546:9 October
16519:9 October
15678:(p.53-54)
15589:"Siemens"
14398:18 August
14244:(1875-76)
13677:Анамнеза
13538:159145032
12387:25 August
12348:25 August
11471:Romanians
11240:Ali Pirov
10976:Hainboaz
10938:Yörükler
10927:Yagcilar
10924:Veselets
10916:Kademler
10898:Buzludzha
10887:Zhivkovo
10880:Darıdere
10876:Zlatograd
10772:Topuzlar
10676:Kaşıklar
10652:Silistre
10576:Provadiya
10463:Mestanlı
10388:Kızanlık
10364:Kaspiçan
10360:Kaspichan
10352:Kırcaali
10348:Kardzhali
10340:Bohçalar
10336:Kaolinovo
10272:Kemallar
10248:Harmanlı
10223:Nevrekop
10089:Yeni-Köy
10053:Orhaniye
10049:Botevgrad
10028:Sırtalan
9991:Eğridere
9969:Comments
9692:terrorist
9649:communist
9470:1878–1912
9366:Kardzhali
9295:Yablanovo
9279:Yablanovo
9241:Kardzhali
9233:Mogiljane
9220:Benkovski
9216:Benkovski
9059:Yeni Işık
9018:Yeni Işık
8950:Karavelov
8828:When the
8805:Macedonia
8727:Bulgarian
8703:Deliorman
8688:Kardzhali
8672:Kardzhali
8658:DELİORMAN
8483:Wallachia
8368:maistores
8252:Peninsula
8225:Anatolian
8221:Tamerlane
8213:Bayezid I
8202:Deliorman
8194:Karamanid
8190:Pir Ahmed
8171:Macedonia
8167:Bayezit I
8141:. As the
8119:Turcomans
8111:dervishes
8001:Byzantine
7923:talk page
7676:in 1885.
7375:569,728
7225:communist
7211:Post 1878
7178:Tekfürtağ
7139:Caucasian
6840:Manastir/
5891:Kızanlık/
5723:Pazarcık/
5631:Catholics
5579:from the
5485:in 1878.
5425:1,000,342
5377:Stavrides
5342:1,055,650
5048:Silistra
5024:Svishtov
4976:Oryahovo
4920:Caucasian
4800:1,141,051
4214:110
4171:808
4159:991
4128:331
4090:494
4024:500
3917:202
3285:Armenians
3281:Jews and
3273:Muslims,
3267:1,198,946
3263:2,006,845
3199:Armenians
3060:Armenians
3008:Albanians
2956:verifying
2850:1.040.678
2847:1.009.486
2844:1.079.277
2832:7.364.570
2703:5.664.624
2624:7,928,901
2577:Bulgarian
2482:7,928,901
2305:Christian
2271:6,519,789
1808:Kardzhali
1794:(number)
1788:Provinces
1750:Deliorman
1722:plurality
1718:Kardzhali
1652:Armenians
1613:Macedonia
1544:verifying
1415:haplotype
1251:Mahmud II
1239:Kardzhali
1199:Bulgarian
1160:Kardzhali
1132:Bulgarian
958:Languages
915:Miniature
900:Festivals
744:Australia
460:Meskhetia
454:Georgia (
289:Some are
265:Bulgarian
251:Languages
106:Ludogorie
59:Bulgarian
19636:Bulgaria
19598:Turkmens
19586:Turkmeni
19443:Saragurs
19387:Kurykans
19373:Kipchaks
19358:Keraites
19343:Göktürks
19333:Dughlats
19323:Dingling
19293:Berendei
19144:Mongolia
19114:Tofalars
19078:Nağaybäk
18982:Bashkirs
18969:Tubalars
18955:Chelkans
18949:Altaians
18770:in China
18602:Tahtacıs
18595:Muhacirs
18536:Turkmens
18324:(53,391)
18318:(19,659)
18243:Russians
18107:See also
17867:Pakistan
17708:Portugal
17464:Abkhazia
17460:Georgia
17388:Bulgaria
17351:Muhacirs
17111:(1930).
16930:Archived
16860:Archived
16833:Archived
16722:Archived
16696:Archived
16676:Archived
16653:Archived
16579:Archived
16556:cite web
16445:Archived
16393:Archived
16367:Archived
16251:Archived
16226:cite web
16107:cite web
16064:Archived
16021:Archived
15989:Archived
15964:cite web
15894:Archived
15870:Archived
15813:Archived
15789:Archived
15742:Archived
15709:Archived
15691:Archived
15672:Archived
15572:Archived
15516:Archived
15497:Archived
15478:Archived
15459:Archived
15440:Archived
15421:Archived
15341:Archived
15254:Archived
15231:Archived
15201:Archived
15165:Archived
15060:Archived
14960:Archived
14910:Archived
14871:Archived
14838:Archived
14768:Archived
14718:archived
14582:(1973).
14497:Bulgaria
14421:Archived
14392:Archived
14390:. TUIK.
14337:Archived
14314:12 April
14305:Archived
14214:Archived
14187:Archived
14156:Archived
14122:Archived
14087:Archived
14051:Archived
14019:Archived
13828:Archived
13799:Archived
13721:Archived
13694:26 March
13685:Archived
13643:Archived
13477:Archived
13388:Archived
13356:Archived
13243:Archived
13181:Archived
13000:Archived
12967:Archived
12938:Archived
12864:10 April
12858:Archived
12720:Archived
12649:citation
12596:Archived
12587:Archived
12502:Archived
12484:Archived
12408:Archived
12381:Archived
12366:Bulgaria
12342:Archived
12276:Archived
12203:Archived
12171:Archived
12087:Archived
12046:Archived
12026:Archived
12008:Archived
11983:Archived
11957:Archived
11926:Archived
11900:Archived
11881:Norris,
11720:Archived
11666:Archived
11640:Archived
11615:archived
11585:Archived
11559:Archived
11533:Archived
11504:Archived
11394:See also
10959:Dobrudja
10951:Yörükler
10902:Buzluca
10832:Köklüce
10796:Çauşköy
10760:Kavaklı
10724:Kozluca
10720:Suvorovo
10664:İslimye
10648:Silistra
10628:Işıklar
10580:Prevadi
10556:Pop Köy
10429:Kubadın
10425:Loznitsa
10384:Kazanlak
10304:Kadıköy
10301:Kadievo
10294:Ortaköy
10282:Kalaycı
10244:Harmanli
10198:Tekkeler
10085:Dalgopol
10077:Çiftlik
10024:Belovets
10012:Beloslav
9979:Acemler
9975:Aksakovo
9758:and the
9595:form of
9516:113,562
9500:154,473
9492:220,085
9484:100,000
9432:145,284
9421:1877–78
9370:Silistra
9225:Kayaloba
9208:Mlechino
9204:Mlechino
9167:and the
9136:Kornitsa
8998:medreses
8976:Bulgaria
8971:Bulgaria
8917:Bulgaria
8873:Russians
8834:Sultan's
8756:Russians
8678:Tebligat
8582:Muvazene
8544:Source:
8526:Kircaali
8524:and the
8487:Moldavia
8380:Budapest
8256:Adriatic
8237:Anatolia
8186:Anatolia
8175:Thessaly
8157:and the
8147:Anatolia
8143:Ottomans
8091:Anatolia
8017:Turkoman
8003:Emperor
7977:Ibn Bibi
7973:Ibn Bibi
7965:Anatolia
7957:Ibn Bibi
7931:May 2023
7872:May 2023
7816:Silistra
7357:607,331
7347:975,030
7327:815,951
7299:527,284
7284:466,000
7174:Gelibolu
6420:Karnobat
6362:Misivri/
6306:Yanbolu/
6250:İslimye/
5893:Kazanlak
5715:125,947
5220:Country
5134:and the
5088:Balchik
5080:Dobrich
5016:Nikopol
4532:—Muslim
4352:(51.93%)
3719:(57.60%)
3645:691,587
3505:674,054
3277:Romani,
3252:Oryahovo
3240:Etropole
3236:Zlatitsa
3232:Sevlievo
3171:Gypsies/
3163:296,769
3149:181,455
3133:borders
3058:and 344
2968:May 2023
2906:May 2023
2859:298.788
2730:264.956
2634:Source:
2604:469,227
2568:762,516
2562:720,136
2505:Language
2492:Source:
2386:308,116
2369:966,978
2363:713,024
2279:Religion
2250:111,736
2218:114,162
2202:119,950
2186:231,989
2170:152,813
2154:109,963
2138:116,394
2090:226,120
2058:229,814
2042:207,371
2026:296,507
2010:172,690
1994:292,227
1978:150,146
1962:193,483
1946:215,565
1930:432,198
1904:Silistra
1882:634,497
1866:151,465
1850:380,286
1834:103,223
1818:141,177
1752:region.
1676:Oryahovo
1664:Etropole
1660:Zlatitsa
1656:Sevlievo
1631:region.
1617:Adriatic
1615:and the
1611:towards
1593:Silistra
1580:Bulgaria
1398:at each
1343:Italians
1227:Nevşehir
1207:Pecheneg
1168:Silistra
1152:Bulgaria
1014:Religion
905:Folklore
775:Pakistan
456:Abkhazia
399:Bulgaria
310:a series
308:Part of
271:Religion
134:Bulgaria
111:Rhodopes
19622:Portals
19610:Ottoman
19594:Iranian
19590:Afghani
19538:Mughals
19533:Hazaras
19483:Utigurs
19458:Türgesh
19433:Onogurs
19407:Nushibi
19402:Naimans
19363:Khazars
19353:Karluks
19308:Chigils
19303:Bulgars
19288:Barsils
19226:Europe
19205:Ansarlu
19151:Khotons
19109:Teleuts
19002:Dolgans
18997:Chuvash
18992:Chulyms
18977:Balkars
18921:Qashqai
18906:Khalajs
18884:in Iran
18826:Uyghurs
18549:Ansarlu
18460:Kazakhs
18374:Peoples
18316:Others
18312:(1,162)
18304:(1,379)
18296:(1,654)
18288:(1,789)
18280:(2,556)
18254:(6,552)
18246:(9,978)
17929:Ukraine
17678:Ireland
17673:Hungary
17661:Germany
17651:Finland
17646:Denmark
17636:Belgium
17631:Austria
17575:Tunisia
17553:Algeria
17518:Lebanon
17433:Romania
17397:Greece
17393:Croatia
17333:Turkish
16829:"Bilgi"
15697:, p.107
15227:wsc.edu
14995:195930?
14813:: 675.
14547:, p. 27
14482:8 April
14346:27 July
13923:10 June
13859:30 July
13834:8 April
13805:8 April
13727:8 April
12887:: 1047.
12500:. NSI.
11621:17 July
10964:Babadag
10852:Vetrino
10784:Torlak
10616:Ulanlı
10604:Rusçuk
10588:Razgrad
10535:Filibe
10531:Plovdiv
10523:Plevne
10316:Kayalı
10279:Iglika
10268:Isperih
10256:Hitrino
10236:Hasköy
10232:Haskovo
10194:Tekeler
10185:Golyamo
10157:Dzhebel
10121:Dobrich
10101:Devlen
10073:Chiflik
10065:Burgaz
10016:Gebece
9919:scholar
9785:At the
9769:At the
9661:Razgrad
9654:Razgrad
9626:Zhivkov
9475:350,000
9464:52,684
9456:44,718
9448:50,267
9440:64,613
9358:Razgrad
9311:Plovdiv
9265:Dzhebel
9173:Turkish
9131:Barutin
9115:Zhivkov
9043:fascist
9000:in the
8956:in the
8945:Rumelia
8934:Rumelia
8930:Rumelia
8902:Rumelia
8882:Plovdiv
8813:Rumelia
8764:Turnovo
8736:Rumelia
8723:Turkish
8711:Havadis
8618:UHUVVET
8598:Plovdiv
8586:Plovdiv
8576:Plovdiv
8448:Salname
8400:Plovdiv
8354:Plovdiv
8343:Plovdiv
8292:Plovdiv
8283:Turkish
8264:Tundzha
8260:Maritsa
8215:at the
8206:Rumelia
8198:Türkmen
8163:Murat I
8159:Tundzha
8155:Maritsa
8107:Balkans
8031:Dobruja
8020:dervish
8009:Dobruja
7981:Persian
7969:Dobruja
7944:Balkans
7917:Please
7909:may be
7858:Please
7832:History
7826:regions
7824:Dobrich
7808:Turkish
7648:605 802
7641:588,318
7627:762,516
7620:746,664
7606:813,639
7599:800,052
7579:730,728
7559:780,928
7539:656,025
7519:675,500
7505:618,268
7498:591,193
7484:607,763
7480:(10.5%)
7477:577,552
7463:542,904
7459:(10.7%)
7456:520,339
7441:504,681
7437:(10.7%)
7434:465,641
7420:514,658
7416:(12.1%)
7413:488,010
7399:539,656
7395:(14.2%)
7392:531,240
7377:(17.2%)
7359:(19.3%)
7339:(20.6%)
7336:200,489
7319:(21.4%)
7316:174,700
7301:(26.3%)
7249:Turkish
7240:Zhivkov
7189:Ubicini
7135:Crimean
7111:(77.0%)
7078:Ubicini
7059:915,234
6999:595,528
6989:301,740
6972:475,617
6912:297,764
6902:150,870
6891:100.00
6888:26,548
6852:26,139
6835:100.00
6832:12,914
6796:11,489
6773:116,579
6692:100.00
6689:19,259
6653:14,179
6637:100.00
6588:Pomorie
6586:Ahyolu/
6581:100.00
6578:18,070
6542:11,777
6525:100.00
6522:14,278
6480:10,858
6469:100.00
6466:12,653
6413:100.00
6364:Nesebar
6357:100.00
6354:13,423
6301:100.00
6298:28,178
6262:17,975
6239:319,747
6179:194,785
6169:104,700
6008:Smolyan
6000:100.00
5997:21,625
5961:15,959
5951:Chirpan
5949:Çırpan/
5944:100.00
5941:30,898
5903:14,906
5897:14,365
5886:100.00
5883:33,353
5847:24,857
5830:100.00
5827:60,587
5791:25,503
5785:33,323
5781:Haskovo
5779:Hasköy/
5774:100.00
5771:47,337
5735:33,395
5729:10,805
5718:100.00
5679:80,165
5673:35,400
5669:Plovdiv
5667:Filibe/
5590:only):
5561:Smolyan
5533:teskere
5467:Tirnova
5455:26.16%
5452:674,672
5442:499,156
5439:Muslims
5428:38.73%
5415:810,542
5412:Muslims
5399:40.22%
5396:957,600
5386:812,980
5383:Muslims
5372:38.91%
5369:911,536
5359:710,418
5356:Muslims
5345:40.74%
5331:Muslims
5320:Ubicini
5314:35.86%
5311:457,108
5280:740,000
5259:Number
5253:Number
5247:Number
5217:Author
5198:Ubicini
5107:22,360
5040:Shumen
5008:Lovech
5000:Pleven
4992:Vratsa
4916:Crimean
4892:(65.8%)
4854:Kiepert
4815:Tirnova
4797:543,312
4794:597,739
4607:592,573
4602:316,969
4597:275,604
4577:663,878
4572:339,709
4567:314,169
4504:Muhacir
4490:392,369
4485:159,521
4480:232,848
4463:481,798
4458:203,420
4453:278,378
4448:Muslims
4402:(0.47%)
4392:(0.67%)
4329:Muhacir
4220:0
4183:0
4177:0
4165:0
4096:0
4078:0
4072:0
4048:0
4042:0
4036:0
3931:Muslim
3911:0
3889:Muhacir
3844:Millet
3819:Tırnova
3786:only):
3769:(0.44%)
3759:(0.38%)
3680:923,204
3667:Ubicini
3632:659,352
3624:430,065
3611:461,602
3603:261,522
3527:Ubicini
3492:628,049
3484:418,682
3471:405,450
3463:255,372
3416:Tirnova
3340:Tirnova
3271:733,078
3217:496,744
3177:17,474
3078:(59.7%)
3012:Muhacir
3000:Muslims
2992:Ottoman
2950:Please
2892:Please
2856:647.178
2853:956.411
2841:979.895
2838:693.051
2835:659.806
2797:325.343
2741:588.318
2727:559.323
2724:802.613
2721:833.007
2718:786.593
2715:825.784
2712:710.717
2709:472.704
2706:408.927
2616:746,664
2581:26,147
2558:Turkish
2549:Number
2543:Number
2474:746,664
2462:14,937
2453:Others
2445:42,308
2425:43,811
2380:23,146
2359:Muslims
2350:Number
2344:Number
2261:508,378
2234:75,408
2192:Montana
2122:96,284
2112:Smolyan
2106:98,387
2096:Gabrovo
1968:Dobrich
1936:Haskovo
1914:97,770
1898:98,144
1872:Plovdiv
1824:Razgrad
1726:Razgrad
1625:Tundzha
1621:Maritsa
1597:Trikala
1585:Nikopol
1538:Please
1480:Please
1454:Summary
1396:alleles
1303:(10%),
1299:(11%),
1295:(13%),
1291:(13%),
1287:(18%),
1195:Balkans
1191:Ottoman
1187:Turkish
1172:Razgrad
1140:Turkish
1058:Judaism
1047:Mosques
965:Turkish
945:Theatre
885:Cuisine
875:Carpets
858:Culture
803:History
666:Ukraine
616:Ireland
611:Germany
601:Finland
596:Denmark
591:Belgium
586:Austria
564:Modern
544:Hungary
528:Tunisia
513:Algeria
492:Lebanon
429:Romania
404:Croatia
285:Alevism
257:Turkish
242:Austria
224:Belgium
76:Turkish
32:Bulgars
19648:Turkey
19606:Syrian
19528:Abdals
19521:Others
19508:Yabaku
19498:Yueban
19448:Shatuo
19438:Sabirs
19397:Merkit
19348:Kangly
19338:Esegel
19318:Cumans
19298:Bulaqs
19283:Basmyl
19247:Gagauz
19197:Timuri
19191:Aimaqs
19186:Afshar
19133:Yakuts
19119:Tuvans
19051:Tatars
19046:Soyots
19036:Nogais
19031:Kumyks
19018:Koibal
19012:Khakas
18942:Russia
18896:Afshar
18840:Yugurs
18754:Uzbeks
18609:Yörüks
18491:Kyrgyz
18301:Greeks
18260:Vlachs
18235:Romani
17919:Russia
17836:Brazil
17784:Kuwait
17756:Mexico
17751:Canada
17733:London
17718:Sweden
17703:Poland
17698:Norway
17666:Berlin
17656:France
17623:Europe
17513:Jordan
17501:Israel
17438:Serbia
17418:Kosovo
17347:Turkey
17271:
17252:
17197:
17181:
17147:
17076:
17062:
17054:
17038:
17024:
17003:
16989:
16975:
16961:
16947:
16915:, 2003
16645:
16181:
15578:(p.53)
15522:(p.50)
15503:(p.57)
15484:(p.48)
15465:(p.69)
15446:(p.46)
15427:(p.35)
15333:
15114:
14993:
14902:
14863:
14727:19 May
14185:: 90.
13536:
13522:: 43.
13348:
12534:15 May
12508:14 May
12373:
12334:
12307:
12268:
11989:13 May
11839:
11796:14 May
11726:14 May
11469:, the
11465:, the
11459:Vlachs
10868:Zavut
10840:Vetovo
10660:Sliven
10640:Şumnu
10636:Shumen
10600:Rousse
10552:Popovo
10519:Pleven
10451:Kaykı
10441:Lofça
10437:Lovech
10405:poplar
10312:Kameno
10210:church
10179:means
10161:Cebel
10145:Dulovo
10113:Devne
10109:Devnya
10061:Burgas
10003:Aydos
9987:Ardino
9921:
9914:
9907:
9900:
9892:
9754:– the
9508:2,582
9383:exodus
9362:Shumen
9332:Burgas
9327:Burgas
9291:Sliven
9252:Gruevo
9177:Muslim
9169:Pomaks
9127:Pomaks
9076:exodus
8943:as in
8849:land.
8809:Thrace
8788:Burgas
8781:Burgas
8752:Pleven
8652:Shumen
8648:Yoldaş
8632:Rousse
8622:Rousse
8602:Shumen
8572:Gayret
8491:Russia
8444:census
8436:Rusçuk
8396:Filibe
8364:Balkan
8329:Shumen
8288:Empire
8276:Muslim
8272:Yürüks
8270:. The
8268:Danube
8247:Thrace
8233:Edirne
8182:sürgün
8173:, and
8153:, the
8151:Thrace
8127:Tatars
8115:Yürüks
8099:Europe
8095:Muslim
8058:Gagauz
8035:Mongol
7812:Gagauz
7644:(8.0%)
7623:(9.4%)
7602:(9.4%)
7582:(8.4%)
7562:(9.5%)
7542:(8.6%)
7522:(9.6%)
7501:(9.7%)
7263:Turks
7182:Thrace
7133:
7131:
7127:(7.5%)
7123:
7121:
7115:
7107:
7105:
7064:100.00
7039:31,634
6977:100.00
6952:15,817
6790:1,425
6786:Elhovo
6778:100.00
6713:64,942
6703:44,516
6647:4,262
6643:Burgas
6634:5,265
6598:3,113
6592:1,772
6536:5,310
6486:2,735
6474:Aydos/
6430:3,938
6424:7,656
6410:5,453
6374:3,118
6368:2,182
6318:8,107
6312:4,084
6308:Yambol
6256:8,392
6252:Sliven
6244:100.00
6219:11,635
6157:100.00
6152:13,757
6098:13,336
6083:100.00
6078:14,188
5955:5,158
5927:1,384
5841:6,677
5815:1,548
5759:2,120
5703:5,174
5691:3,462
5659:Total
5613:&
5611:Bulgar
5573:Elhovo
5471:Rusçuk
5445:25.91%
5418:39.60%
5389:39.93%
5362:38.69%
5328:France
5322:&
5283:32.89%
5270:France
5190:Rusçuk
5104:Total
5099:1,500
5096:Sofia
5091:1,500
5083:1,500
5075:2,000
5072:Varna
5067:1,000
5051:1,500
5043:1,500
5027:1,200
5019:1,500
4979:2,500
4971:1,500
4955:1,250
4914:
4912:
4908:(2.4%)
4904:
4902:
4896:
4888:
4886:
4819:Rusçuk
4735:Romani
4721:40,303
4716:15,512
4711:24,791
4612:51.93%
4582:57.31%
4550:25,031
4545:10,074
4540:14,957
4534:Romani
4520:64,398
4515:33,825
4510:30,573
4495:34.39%
4468:42.22%
4439:Total
4425:only)
4412:
4406:
4398:
4396:
4390:Greeks
4388:
4386:
4380:
4374:
4368:
4362:
4356:
4348:
4346:
4277:(100%)
4271:(100%)
4265:(100%)
4259:(100%)
4253:(100%)
4247:(100%)
4067:Greeks
4019:Vlachs
3830:Sanjak
3822:Sanjak
3814:Sanjak
3806:Sanjak
3798:Sanjak
3795:Rusçuk
3773:
3765:
3763:
3757:Greeks
3755:
3753:
3747:
3741:
3735:
3729:
3723:
3715:
3713:
3701:Lovech
3642:TOTAL
3502:TOTAL
3404:Rusçuk
3386:Nogais
3344:Rusçuk
3275:70,595
3248:Pleven
3244:Lovech
3222:100.0%
3173:Romani
3166:59.7%
3152:36.5%
3126:Millet
3104:
3100:(0.1%)
3096:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3074:
3072:
3054:, 702
3052:Romani
3024:Nogais
2996:millet
2824:1.252
2818:15.833
2815:28.411
2812:37.723
2809:49.572
2806:59.442
2803:59.511
2800:67.568
2786:11.808
2781:35.454
2776:62.534
2771:80.054
2766:85.903
2761:91.343
2756:89.602
2751:71.901
2746:59.719
2638:census
2628:100.0
2620:100.0
2496:census
2486:100.0
2478:100.0
2439:2,066
2419:2,561
2399:5,425
2301:Romani
2208:Pernik
2160:Vratsa
2144:Yambol
2128:Lovech
2080:Pleven
2036:11,348
2020:12,170
2004:13,217
2000:Sliven
1988:14,028
1972:18,835
1956:23,958
1940:25,555
1924:25,678
1908:34,392
1892:34,729
1876:39,585
1860:44,263
1856:Shumen
1844:47,286
1840:Burgas
1828:49,318
1812:83,280
1742:Romani
1730:Pomaks
1699:Turkey
1672:Pleven
1668:Lovech
1644:Romani
1629:Danube
1609:Thrace
1601:Skopje
1409:or of
1388:allele
1327:(3%).
1323:(5%),
1319:(6%),
1315:(6%),
1311:(6%),
1307:(8%),
1213:, and
1164:Shumen
1111:, 1913
1001:Altaic
999:&
997:Turkic
940:Sports
880:Cinema
770:Kuwait
692:Mexico
687:Canada
656:Sweden
646:Russia
641:Poland
636:Norway
606:France
487:Jordan
482:Israel
434:Serbia
414:Kosovo
409:Greece
394:Bosnia
373:Turkey
336:People
263:
261:·
259:
239:
221:
203:
188:Sweden
185:
167:
152:Turkey
149:
131:
72:
55:
19602:Iraqi
19503:Yagma
19468:Torks
19463:Tuhsi
19453:Tiele
19368:Kimek
19328:Duolu
19161:Dukha
19041:Shors
18873:Urums
18821:Salar
18588:Gajal
18582:Turks
18227:Turks
17888:Japan
17883:China
17862:India
17789:Qatar
17713:Spain
17683:Italy
17596:Yemen
17570:Libya
17565:Egypt
17528:Syria
17401:Crete
17250:S2CID
17179:S2CID
16885:[
16807:(PDF)
16800:(PDF)
16605:(PDF)
16598:(PDF)
16210:(PDF)
16203:(PDF)
15948:(PDF)
15941:(PDF)
15596:(PDF)
15539:(PDF)
15139:(PDF)
15132:(PDF)
14991:JSTOR
14721:(PDF)
14714:(PDF)
14676:(PDF)
14669:(PDF)
14520:2 May
14340:(PDF)
14333:(PDF)
14308:(PDF)
14301:(PDF)
14241:[
14090:(PDF)
14083:(PDF)
13688:(PDF)
13673:(PDF)
13534:S2CID
13432:[
13246:(PDF)
13239:(PDF)
12904:[
12639:[
12564:(PDF)
12553:(PDF)
12238:(PDF)
12231:(PDF)
12206:(PDF)
12199:(PDF)
12174:(PDF)
12167:(PDF)
11691:(PDF)
11446:Notes
10189:large
10181:small
10177:Küçük
10097:Devin
9999:Aitos
9926:JSTOR
9912:books
9813:) is
9415:Total
9410:Years
9323:Sofia
9315:Varna
9229:Kitna
9161:Turks
9106:Pomak
9047:Vatan
8963:Sofia
8913:Turks
8906:Turks
8866:Porte
8857:Porte
8843:Tatar
8839:Turks
8747:Turks
8745:some
8707:Turan
8684:Rodop
8668:Vidin
8664:Turan
8594:Varna
8456:Sofia
8440:Varna
8404:çarşı
8392:hassa
8384:Cairo
8372:kalfa
8315:Sofia
8242:Vakıf
8139:Aktav
8046:ghazi
7820:Varna
7286:(26%)
7260:Year
7218:Pomak
7109:Turks
7049:6,616
7029:5,806
7019:7,284
7009:1,370
6962:3,308
6942:2,903
6932:3,642
6855:98.5
6799:89.0
6763:1,887
6753:4,182
6656:73.6
6650:22.1
6601:59.2
6595:33.7
6545:65.2
6539:29.4
6489:19.2
6483:76.0
6476:Aytos
6433:31.1
6427:60.5
6377:51.6
6371:40.0
6321:60.4
6315:30.4
6265:63.8
6259:29.8
6229:1,421
6209:2,059
6199:3,642
6024:5,346
6014:8,197
5964:73.8
5958:23.9
5906:48.2
5900:46.5
5850:74.5
5844:20.0
5794:42.1
5788:55.0
5738:70.5
5732:22.8
5682:63.6
5676:28.1
5588:males
5509:only.
5507:males
5479:Sofya
5475:Varna
5463:Vidin
5300:Turks
5273:Turks
5236:Tulça
5032:Ruse
4952:Kula
4942:Kaza
4890:Turks
4827:Sofya
4823:Varna
4811:Vidin
4803:100%
4785:0.47%
4780:5,375
4770:5,192
4756:0.67%
4751:7,663
4746:3,093
4741:4,570
4726:3.53%
4699:0.31%
4694:3,556
4684:3,556
4672:0.19%
4667:2,128
4657:2,125
4642:0.67%
4637:7,655
4632:4,132
4627:3,523
4555:2.19%
4525:5.64%
4423:males
4241:TOTAL
4012:(58%)
4006:(84%)
4000:(60%)
3994:(25%)
3988:(73%)
3982:(37%)
3879:(34%)
3873:(13%)
3867:(36%)
3861:(61%)
3855:(11%)
3849:(53%)
3842:Islam
3827:Sofya
3811:Varna
3803:Vidin
3784:males
3654:100%
3648:100%
3636:58.9%
3628:62.2%
3615:41.1%
3607:37.8%
3514:100%
3508:100%
3496:60.8%
3488:62.1%
3475:39.2%
3467:37.9%
3420:Varna
3412:Sofia
3408:Vidin
3360:Tulça
3352:Varna
3348:Sofya
3336:Vidin
3283:1,390
3279:2,836
3212:TOTAL
3206:0.1%
3193:0.1%
3180:3.5%
3158:Rayah
3076:Rayah
2829:Total
2821:6.031
2736:Turks
2690:70–79
2687:60–69
2684:50–59
2681:40–49
2678:30–39
2675:20–29
2672:10–19
2666:Total
2590:84.5
2565:96.4
2408:82.6
2372:12.2
2366:95.5
2285:Islam
2266:7.80%
2256:Total
2224:Vidin
2132:2,789
2116:3,049
2100:4,723
2084:5,367
2068:5,881
2052:6,782
1975:12.5%
1959:12.4%
1943:11.9%
1920:Varna
1911:35.1%
1895:35.4%
1863:29.2%
1847:12.4%
1831:47.8%
1815:59.0%
1746:Gajal
1605:Vidin
1446:and F
1440:locus
1403:locus
1382:and R
1363:Balts
1359:Serbs
1247:Selim
1231:Niğde
1215:Cuman
1211:Oghuz
1203:Islam
1150:from
1148:Turks
1121:Sofia
1043:Islam
990:Oghuz
920:Music
895:Dance
780:Qatar
765:Japan
651:Spain
621:Italy
554:Yemen
523:Libya
518:Egypt
497:Syria
246:1,000
228:4,807
19604:and
19592:and
19273:Alat
18777:Äynu
18309:Jews
18268:and
17506:Jews
17489:Iraq
17269:ISBN
17195:ISBN
17145:ISBN
17127:2017
17074:ISBN
17060:ISBN
17052:ISBN
17036:ISBN
17022:ISBN
17001:ISBN
16987:ISBN
16973:ISBN
16959:ISBN
16945:ISBN
16868:2015
16841:2015
16815:2015
16783:2015
16756:2015
16730:2015
16704:2015
16661:2017
16643:ISBN
16613:2015
16562:link
16548:2008
16521:2008
16494:2015
16427:2015
16401:2015
16375:2015
16335:2017
16259:2015
16232:link
16218:2008
16179:ISBN
16155:Time
16113:link
16099:2008
16072:2015
16046:2015
15970:link
15956:2008
15923:2008
15878:2015
15852:2015
15821:2015
15750:2015
15656:2015
15630:2015
15604:2015
15349:2020
15331:ISBN
15239:2015
15209:2015
15173:2017
15147:2008
15112:ISBN
15068:2015
15042:2015
14968:2015
14918:2015
14900:ISBN
14879:2015
14861:ISBN
14776:2017
14729:2008
14522:2012
14484:2022
14429:2017
14400:2015
14374:2015
14348:2011
14316:2018
14222:2023
14195:2023
14164:2023
14130:2023
14098:2023
14059:2023
14027:2023
13925:2016
13903:p.45
13887:2013
13861:2016
13836:2023
13807:2023
13754:2013
13729:2023
13696:2023
13651:2023
13485:2023
13396:2017
13364:2017
13346:ISBN
13254:2023
13008:2023
12975:2023
12946:2023
12866:2023
12728:2023
12655:link
12572:2013
12536:2012
12510:2012
12466:2023
12441:2023
12416:2023
12389:2017
12371:ISBN
12350:2017
12332:ISBN
12305:ISBN
12284:2015
12266:ISBN
12246:2015
12214:2015
12182:2023
12095:2023
11991:2016
11965:2017
11934:2017
11908:2021
11837:ISBN
11798:2012
11728:2012
11698:2010
11674:2015
11648:2015
11623:2023
11593:2015
11567:2015
11541:2015
11512:2022
10612:Ruen
10568:Ada
9898:news
9834:NDSV
9805:and
9799:MEPs
9779:NDSV
9777:and
9764:NDSV
9748:NDSV
9643:The
9540:138
9368:and
9231:and
9151:The
9061:and
9051:Işık
9020:and
8978:and
8911:The
8896:The
8816:the
8794:the
8705:and
8628:Tuna
8489:and
8462:and
8454:and
8446:and
8428:Ruse
8352:Old
8262:and
8204:and
8196:and
8052:and
8038:emir
7822:and
7668:and
7637:2011
7616:2001
7595:1992
7575:1975
7555:1965
7535:1956
7515:1946
7494:1934
7473:1926
7451:1920
7430:1910
7409:1905
7388:1900
7370:1892
7352:1887
7332:1885
7312:1880
7294:1880
7277:1878
7198:and
7137:and
7004:62.7
6994:31.7
6917:62.7
6907:31.7
6885:N/A
6882:N/A
6879:N/A
6876:N/A
6873:N/A
6870:N/A
6867:N/A
6864:N/A
6861:N/A
6858:N/A
6849:1.5
6846:409
6829:N/A
6826:N/A
6823:N/A
6820:N/A
6817:N/A
6814:N/A
6811:N/A
6808:N/A
6805:N/A
6802:N/A
6793:9.6
6718:55.7
6708:38.2
6686:1.6
6683:320
6680:2.3
6677:448
6674:0.0
6668:0.0
6662:0.2
6631:0.0
6625:7.2
6622:378
6619:0.0
6613:0.0
6607:0.0
6575:0.6
6572:103
6569:4.9
6566:880
6563:0.0
6557:0.0
6551:0.0
6519:0.3
6513:4.1
6510:584
6507:0.2
6501:0.0
6495:0.1
6463:1.0
6460:125
6457:5.4
6454:684
6451:2.0
6448:250
6445:0.0
6439:0.0
6407:0.0
6401:2.8
6398:153
6395:0.0
6389:0.0
6383:0.0
6351:3.2
6348:377
6345:3.4
6342:459
6339:3.0
6336:396
6333:0.0
6327:0.0
6295:3.2
6292:914
6289:2.1
6286:596
6283:0.6
6280:158
6277:0.0
6271:0.5
6268:143
6184:60.9
6174:32.7
6148:0.0
6142:1.2
6134:0.0
6128:0.0
6103:96.9
6029:37.7
6019:57.8
5994:0.4
5988:1.9
5985:420
5982:0.0
5976:0.0
5970:0.0
5930:4.5
5924:0.7
5921:219
5918:0.0
5912:0.0
5880:0.3
5874:3.0
5871:989
5868:2.2
5865:740
5862:0.0
5856:0.0
5824:0.2
5821:145
5818:2.6
5812:0.1
5806:0.0
5800:0.0
5768:1.2
5765:579
5762:4.5
5756:0.7
5753:344
5750:0.0
5744:0.2
5712:0.4
5709:495
5706:4.1
5700:0.5
5697:691
5694:2.7
5688:0.3
5685:380
5491:the
5477:and
5200:and
5173:and
5126:The
5059:700
5035:500
5011:700
5003:600
4995:600
4987:700
4968:Lom
4963:110
4918:and
4400:Jews
4333:male
4323:male
4284:The
4234:(0%)
4228:(1%)
4222:(0%)
4216:(0%)
4210:(1%)
4204:(0%)
4191:(0%)
4185:(0%)
4179:(0%)
4173:(1%)
4167:(0%)
4161:(0%)
4148:(1%)
4142:(1%)
4136:(1%)
4130:(0%)
4124:(1%)
4118:(1%)
4112:Roma
4104:(0%)
4098:(0%)
4092:(0%)
4086:(4%)
4080:(0%)
4074:(0%)
4056:(1%)
4050:(0%)
4044:(0%)
4038:(0%)
4032:(8%)
4026:(0%)
3969:(2%)
3963:(1%)
3957:(3%)
3951:(3%)
3945:(2%)
3939:(3%)
3933:Roma
3925:(3%)
3919:(0%)
3913:(0%)
3907:(5%)
3901:(4%)
3895:(5%)
3767:Jews
3682:and
3674:and
3542:and
3534:and
3418:and
3380:and
3358:and
3350:and
3322:The
3296:2.02
3203:344
3190:702
3186:Jews
3118:only
3098:Jews
3056:Jews
2793:Roma
2693:80+
2636:2001
2607:5.9
2601:0.1
2598:381
2584:3.5
2571:9.6
2519:2001
2494:2001
2465:0.2
2459:0.1
2456:442
2448:0.5
2442:0.3
2428:0.6
2422:0.3
2402:0.7
2389:3.9
2383:3.1
2320:2001
2247:0.1%
2231:0.1%
2215:0.1%
2199:0.1%
2183:0.1%
2167:0.3%
2151:0.9%
2135:2.4%
2119:3.2%
2103:4.8%
2087:2.4%
2071:0.5%
2055:3.0%
2039:5.5%
2023:4.1%
2007:7.7%
1991:4.8%
1952:Ruse
1927:5.9%
1879:6.2%
1740:and
1648:Jews
1623:and
1603:and
1407:loci
1365:and
1280:Roma
1249:and
1174:and
477:Iraq
458:and
283:and
17353:),
17242:doi
17217:doi
17171:doi
14815:doi
13992:doi
13948:doi
13611:doi
13565:doi
13524:doi
13290:doi
13214:doi
13155:doi
13084:doi
13044:doi
12848:doi
12815:doi
12760:doi
12691:doi
10212:.
10204:to
9881:by
9775:BSP
9175:or
8969:In
8939:In
8900:in
8845:or
8786:In
8760:War
8743:war
8725:to
8498:War
8452:Niš
8390:or
8388:has
8382:to
8341:in
8327:in
8313:in
8125:),
7967:to
7054:0.7
7044:3.3
7034:0.6
7024:0.8
7014:0.1
6967:0.7
6957:3.3
6947:0.6
6937:0.8
6927:0.1
6922:685
6768:1.6
6758:3.6
6748:0.6
6743:844
6738:0.0
6728:0.2
6723:208
6659:46
6516:46
6504:36
6492:19
6234:0.4
6224:3.6
6214:0.6
6204:1.1
6194:0.2
6189:477
6138:159
6121:0.0
6113:1.9
6108:262
6073:0.0
6065:2.7
6060:377
6055:0.0
6047:0.0
6039:1.9
6034:268
5991:88
5937:0.0
5933:24
5877:90
5809:65
5741:94
5489:and
5465:,
4825:,
4813:,
4775:183
3703:.
3356:Niš
3120:):
2954:by
2669:0–9
2212:128
2196:136
2180:342
2164:424
2148:994
1542:by
1378:. F
1305:R1b
1301:R1a
1276:DNA
870:Art
192:500
19660::
19596:)
19588:,
19278:Az
18262:"
17361:,
17248:.
17238:31
17236:.
17211:.
17177:.
17167:57
17165:.
17093:,
17058:,
16651:.
16558:}}
16554:{{
16464:^
16435:^
16365:.
16361:.
16321:.
16299:^
16287:^
16267:^
16228:}}
16224:{{
16152:.
16129:.
16109:}}
16105:{{
16008:^
15978:^
15966:}}
15962:{{
15829:^
15811:.
15807:.
15776:^
15719:^
15408:^
15390:,
15386:,
15339:.
15229:.
15225:.
15163:.
15076:^
14987:26
14985:,
14938:^
14926:^
14908:.
14869:.
14809:.
14805:.
14766:.
14654:^
14474:.
14419:.
14335:.
14181:.
14138:^
14106:^
14067:^
14035:^
14017:.
14006:^
13960:^
13942:.
13877:.
13826:.
13815:^
13797:.
13793:.
13782:^
13770:.
13719:.
13715:.
13704:^
13675:.
13659:^
13619:.
13573:.
13532:.
13518:.
13514:.
13461:^
13453:20
13451:.
13413:.
13372:^
13354:.
13330:^
13304:^
13262:^
13192:^
13145:.
13125:^
13113:^
13058:^
13020:^
13010:.
12977:.
12932:.
12914:^
12883:.
12856:.
12842:.
12838:.
12789:^
12736:^
12718:.
12705:^
12663:^
12651:}}
12647:{{
12606:^
12555:.
12482:.
12457:.
12432:.
12406:.
12379:.
12340:.
12303:.
12274:.
12201:.
12146:^
12103:^
12065:^
11981:.
11955:.
11951:.
11924:.
11898:.
11874:^
11806:^
11777:^
11760:.
11718:.
11714:.
11613:,
11609:,
11520:^
11491:^
11379:.
10953:.
10191:.
9828:–
9817:.
9766:.
9656:.
9603:.
9364:,
9360:,
9297:.
9227:,
9057:,
8807:,
8505:.
8485:,
8278:.
8117:,
8101:.
8040:,
7971:.
7818:,
7662:.
7184:.
7156:.
7097:c.
6671:4
6665:-
6628:2
6616:-
6610:-
6604:-
6560:-
6554:-
6548:-
6498:-
6442:-
6436:-
6404:-
6392:-
6386:-
6380:-
6330:-
6324:-
6274:-
6145:-
6131:-
6125:-
6117:-
6069:-
6051:-
6043:-
5979:-
5973:-
5967:-
5915:-
5909:-
5859:-
5853:-
5803:-
5797:3
5747:-
5662:%
5656:%
5650:%
5644:%
5636:%
5627:%
5619:%
5607:%
5503:.
5473:,
5469:,
5262:%
5256:%
5250:%
5185:.
5123:.
4821:,
4817:,
4312:.
4069:)
3595:%
3589:%
3455:%
3449:%
3414:,
3410:,
3406:,
3346:,
3342:,
3338:,
3141:%
3022:,
3018:,
2640::
2552:%
2546:%
2498::
2353:%
2347:%
2244:56
2228:65
1736:,
1732:,
1599:,
1595:,
1591:,
1587:,
1448:ST
1444:ST
1436:ST
1432:ST
1428:ST
1423:ST
1419:ST
1392:ST
1384:ST
1380:ST
1376:ST
1371:ST
1351:ST
1345:,
1334:ST
1313:J1
1309:I1
1289:I2
1285:J2
1245:,
1225:,
1209:,
1182:.
1170:,
1166:,
1142::
1138:;
1134::
19624::
18358:e
18351:t
18344:v
18264:(
18258:"
18185:e
18178:t
18171:v
17376::
17365:)
17357:(
17349:(
17312:e
17305:t
17298:v
17277:.
17256:.
17244::
17223:.
17219::
17213:1
17201:.
17185:.
17173::
17129:.
16870:.
16843:.
16817:.
16785:.
16758:.
16732:.
16706:.
16663:.
16615:.
16564:)
16550:.
16523:.
16496:.
16429:.
16403:.
16377:.
16337:.
16261:.
16234:)
16220:.
16187:.
16115:)
16101:.
16074:.
16048:.
15972:)
15958:.
15925:.
15880:.
15854:.
15823:.
15752:.
15658:.
15632:.
15606:.
15351:.
15241:.
15211:.
15175:.
15149:.
15070:.
15044:.
14970:.
14920:.
14881:.
14823:.
14817::
14811:9
14778:.
14744:.
14524:.
14486:.
14431:.
14402:.
14376:.
14350:.
14318:.
14224:.
14197:.
14166:.
14132:.
14100:.
14061:.
14029:.
14000:.
13994::
13988:9
13954:.
13950::
13944:4
13889:.
13838:.
13809:.
13756:.
13731:.
13698:.
13681:4
13653:.
13613::
13607:9
13567::
13561:9
13540:.
13526::
13520:7
13487:.
13415:3
13398:.
13366:.
13298:.
13292::
13286:9
13256:.
13222:.
13216::
13210:9
13187:.
13163:.
13157::
13151:9
13092:.
13086::
13080:9
13052:.
13046::
13040:9
12948:.
12885:2
12868:.
12850::
12844:2
12823:.
12817::
12811:3
12768:.
12762::
12756:9
12730:.
12699:.
12693::
12687:9
12657:)
12574:.
12538:.
12512:.
12468:.
12443:.
12418:.
12391:.
12352:.
12313:.
12286:.
12248:.
12216:.
12184:.
12097:.
11993:.
11967:.
11936:.
11910:.
11800:.
11730:.
11700:.
11676:.
11650:.
11595:.
11569:.
11543:.
11514:.
9948:)
9942:(
9937:)
9933:(
9923:·
9916:·
9909:·
9902:·
9875:.
9325:-
8528:/
8398:-
8231:(
8133:(
8121:(
7995:(
7933:)
7929:(
7925:.
7915:.
7885:)
7879:(
7874:)
7870:(
7866:.
7454:s
6733:-
5234:+
4689:-
4662:3
4649:—
4619:—
4589:—
4502:—
4065:(
3686:.
3546:.
2981:)
2975:(
2970:)
2966:(
2948:.
2919:)
2913:(
2908:)
2904:(
2900:.
1569:)
1563:(
1558:)
1554:(
1536:.
1507:)
1501:(
1496:)
1492:(
1488:.
1442:R
1426:R
1413:(
1374:R
1332:F
1325:Q
1321:N
1317:G
1297:H
1293:E
1130:(
1092:e
1085:t
1078:v
1049:)
1045:(
578::
462:)
78:)
74:(
61:)
57:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.