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When the temperature of urine goes down the bubbles in it will change. Some of them will disappear, but some will remain. With the temperature decrease, particles and impurities will be more difficult to evaluate. They will move toward the middle of the flask, then sink to the bottom. They will all mix, making it more difficult to see the impurities.
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loss of temperature to break down. As a result, the urine will become thin again. This process is very effective, but a doctor should "also be careful not to shake them much before you inspect them for you will move the particles and destroy the bubbles and dilute the deposits and confuse the situation," (The Late
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A uroscopy flask, also known as a "matula", is a piece of transparent glass – this is imperative as colorations, along with any deformations, in the glass may lead to a misdiagnosis – that is circular at the bottom, while there is a thin neck at the top, and an opening for the patient to urinate in.
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in the 19th century invented a technique that allowed doctors to examine a patient's urine effectively after the temperature had dropped. The process involved heating water, then inserting the uroscopy flask containing cooled urine. This would heat the urine causing the crystals that formed during
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The temperature at which the urine is examined is a very important factor to consider in the process of uroscopy. When a patient urinates, the urine will be warm, so it is necessary for it to stay warm for proper evaluation. The external temperature should be the same as the internal temperature.
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The uroscopy wheel is a diagram that linked the color of urine to a particular disease. It usually has twenty different uroscopy flasks with urine of different colors aligned around the border of the circle. Each flask has a line that connects it to a summary of a particular disease. This allowed
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and its redefining how we look at medicine —which only further hastened the decline of uroscopy. Since the beginning of the 17th century the practice has been largely considered unverifiable and unorthodox, and became a subject of satire (including multiple satirical references in the plays of
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Another problem with urine cooling is that it would become thicker. The longer that it had to cool down the more likely it was that the crystals in it would bond together, causing it to thicken. This could lead to a false diagnosis, that is why doctors usually inspected the urine quickly.
182:. Despite this popularization, the practice of uroscopy was still mostly centered around the principals Hippocrates and Galen first postulated, although aided by Byzantine interpretations that were further disseminated during this period in works by French physicians of the era
154:, the application and study of uroscopy continued – eventually becoming the primary form of ailment diagnosis. Byzantine physicians created some of the foundational codifications of uroscopy, with the most well known example being a 7th-century guide on uroscopic methods:
162:. The work, along with others, became widely popular and accelerated the rate at which uroscopy spread throughout the Mediterranean. Over time these Byzantine works inspired further interpretation by other prominent culture's scholars (like the Arab Jewish
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emerged from its remnants in "Uromancy" – the analysis of one's urine for fortune-telling or state-reading purposes. Although uromancy initially gained interest in the 18th and 19th centuries, it is rarely practiced and unknown to most in the present era.
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inspired the re-examination of its methods, both to re-evaluate its effectiveness and explore new applications. During this period, a lack of empirical evidence supporting uroscopy and the introduction of new medical practices developed using the
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and his urine-hue classification chart), though greater propagation led to a widened application of uroscopy and eventually uroscopic diagnoses of non-urinary related diseases and infections became standard.
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The kidneys are supposed to filter excesses (especially urea) from the blood and excrete them, along with water, as urine. When they are not performing this task the patient has a
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In modern medicine, visual examination of a patient's urine may provide preliminary evidence for a diagnosis, but is generally limited to conditions that specifically affect the
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Records of urinalysis for uroscopy date back as far as 4000 BC, originating with
Babylonian and Sumerian physicians. At the outset of the 4th century BC Greek physician
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Practitioners of uroscopy are referred to as uroscopists. In the era in which uroscopy was a popular way of thinking, one of the major benefits was the lack of
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Though uroscopy is no longer popular in modern medicine, examples of its preliminary diagnostic utility still exist in simplified and empirically proven forms.
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The practice was upheld as the main standard of medical diagnosis until the beginning of the 16th century, when influence from cultural movements like the
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Byzantine Contribution to the Evolution of Laboratory Examinations of Bodily Excrement. Part1: Urine, Sperm, Menses and Stools, Pavlos C. Goudas).
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in the blood, the excess of which is excreted out via urine, as the diabetic lacks sufficient insulin to process the high amounts of glucose.
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in these tissues. It occurs as a symptom of various diseases, such as hepatitis, that affect the processing of bile. Also called
Icterus.
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Doctors would test by using their vision. If the urine had a brownish tint then the patient would most likely have jaundice.
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Doctors would test urine using a visual examination. If the urine was red or foamy, the patient had kidney disease.
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submitted into medical literature a peculiar (and peculiarly found) relationship he'd observed: people with
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contributed to its gradual decline among licensed physicians. Early modern doctors, like the
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417:"Medieval uroscopy and its representation on misericords – Part 1: uroscopy"
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is the historical medical practice of visually examining a patient's
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549:"Looking at the Urine: The Renaissance of an Unbroken Tradition"
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Library of
Congress: Exploring Uroscopy in Early Medical Texts
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160:On Urines
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382:See also
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328:Diabetes
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32:Uroscopy
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393:Urology
342:glucose
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122:kidneys
118:bladder
104:History
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