Knowledge:Reference desk/Archives/Humanities/2008 May 1

328:

raise the price per barrel. If said sheik invests his hard earned oil dollars in the same currency, then his interest or dividend payments also will buy him fewer goods abroad. Same result. A large portion of the oil price is actually what the oil companies add on. They also buy a lot of their ships, materials, personnel etc. abroad. Guess what, if they have to pay more dollars for them they'll raise their prices. Oil companies are owned by stockholders. Stockholders outside of the US want to buy the same things in their countries as before. They'll ask the company to increase their dividend payouts or they'll sell all their stock and the stock-price of the company will fall. So the company will have to make more profit to pay higher dividends. The price goes up. The oil company will also have borrowed money from banks and investors in other countries. The interest will probably have to be paid in the local currency of that country, i.e. cost more dollars. You know what they'll do to cover the cost increase. Oil companies also build refineries in foreign countries and operate businesses there. They have to pay for materials and wages (and taxes) in the local currency = costs increase with a weaker dollar. Even if our oil company were all local and have non of these costs, their competitor may have their headquarters abroad and need to make more dollars to earn the same amount of Euro. They would be forced to raise their prices. Our oil company would then see that they could make more profit if they raised their prices, too, although they are not forced to. This is a very simplistic view, though. The real market is a lot more complicated. There are things like

456:. There are representatives from both parties present when votes are counted, but still there will always be some degree of cheating. If the losing (or winning) party thinks that there has been an accidental or intentional miscount they can request a recount of the votes. I'm not sure about your top-notch system and how you would ensure that that could not be tampered with. Starting from the progamers and company that develops it down to the individual voters there are more opportunities for holes than in a sieve. If the internet were safe no one would need virus protection software. Are you going to distribute retina scanners or fingerprint readers along with those tokens? Otherwise what's keeping the husband from voting for his wife. The teenager from voting for his parents or his grandma. The postmaster from voting for everyone in the village? Organized crooks from collecting the real token and sending out fake ones? The rich will starve the poor and withhold medical care no matter how votes are cast. 337:

they also have to pay more Euros for their local organization. It's more likely that they will keep their prices stable or raise them than lower them. Only if there are enough local competitors that sell at lower prices would the oil companies lower their prices. Although the companies in Euroland pay the same or less Euros for their oil, the things that they export to the US are more expensive for consumers there. US consumers will buy fewer of those products. The Euroland companies also get fewer Euros for all their Dollar investments. They'll probably react by raising their prices on the domestic market. The Euroland consumers will want to buy a lot of products from the US because they are cheaper. The companies will pay for the goods in Dollars, but earn Euros. There will be a trade deficit. That affects the value of the Euro to the dollar. Off to the next round. (The real game is a whole lot more convoluted, though) --

1891:? These were POWs being trained to fight against Austria-Hungary in WWI. After the Bolshevik Revolution, the Czechs made arrangements to take the Trans-Siberian Railroad east to Vladivostok and travel east around the world until they could reach the Allied lines in Europe. But some Bolshevik forces didn't get the message and tried to mess with the Czechs on their passage east. The Czechs easily defeated the poorly organized Bolshevik forces and soon wound up in control of the whole railway. Then the Komuch government, one of the forces opposing the Bolsheviks, convinced the Czechs to intervene on their behalf. The Czechs didn't get home until 1920, long after WWI had ended and Czechoslovakia had won its independence. According to our article on the Legion, one Czech general took a right turn at the Sea of Japan and wound up helping a Korean uprising against the Japanese! -- 3804:

any other country in the west. Poland, moreover, had good transport links with the rest of the Continent, and people from France, Holland and elsewhere could be taken with relative ease to the east. The main camps were still fairly remote, and the marshes at Auschwitz offered the opportunity of disposing of tons of human ash. Poland had the additional advantage of being more completely subject to the Nazis than any of the other conquered territories, many of which retained some semblance of self-rule. If anyone wonders why there were so many Jewish people concentrated in Poland it was here that they were officially allowed to settle during the Tsarist days, in the area known as the

1138:’s defence of utilitarianism involved distinguishing between quantity and quality of pleasure – we are capable of taking pleasure in all kinds of “higher” things a pig can’t, so a state of unhappy awareness may be better than one of blissful ignorance. “It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied. And if the fool, or the pig, are of a different opinion, it is because they only know their own side of the question. The other party to the comparison knows both sides.” This contradicts the quote you’re looking for, though. -- 3045:

also act out of feelings of decency, honesty, morality, altruism or faith, things which cannot be reduced, quantified and analysed. History is complex; society is complex; people are complex. The idea that we can be programmed like Pavlov's dogs to produce a certain reaction given the right stimulus is absurd, almost as absurd as saying that for evil to triumph it only needs men in white coats! There are certain things, certain ways of looking at life, which cannot be improved because they are flawed from the outset. And as far as I am concerned the

2947:. To answer that people do things because they want to is as useful as answering that gas molecules disperse when someone asks why there are hurricanes. Your comment reads as if you have decided that the results of the experiment do not fit with your world view, and therefore you reject them. Sadly, scientific results need to be countered by more results, or finding flaws in the method and then repeating the experiment without them, not by simply pronouncing them 'silly'. Next thing you'll use the word 'horrid', and then all is lost! :) 622:

that a person can associate with a reasonable likeness of the face you are wearing. (Although if you look like your driver's license photo you may not be fit to vote :-) A PC camera photo/video of you would not be a sufficient online equivalent because you can feed video data from a file instead and there would be no way of telling. I get a bank statement from my bank and if they withdraw money from my account that I don't have a record of they'll have to remove the charge. We installed

412:

that that person only casts one vote. Even if you checked social security numbers or passport numbers, what would keep people from casting a vote for s.o. else. How would you keep bright hackers or a malicious big company mogul from cracking the system and faking the results? If you do register ID then a malicious government could later single out voters for the opposition and toss them into prison or worse. "It's hard to make things foolproof because fools are so ingenious." --

2501:, now respectively Presidents of France and Poland, campaigned prior to their elections in London. London was claimed to be the sixth-largest French city as measured by French population. (3) You get distorted immigration patterns throughout Europe; I'm told that Holland allows immigration from Somalia, but then insists that immigrants learn Dutch. They simply move to other, neighbouring, countries. (4) With the ideology of 578:, which, I think, affects all areas in between the two Poles? Mind you, these two Poles have to stand all year long in the freezing weather and turn the little handles which poke out of the ice to ensure that terrestrial rotation is maintained. The aforementioned Polar Disorder has also been connected to global warming, however, I seem to digress, as per the hypothesis of Bipolar 2667:: the educational attainment of even working-class immigrants are almost universally higher than the average in the countries they're leaving behind, so the numbers suggest it isn't really a lie. This does not necessarily apply to political refugees: nobody who has spent a winter in Massachusetts will ever suppose the Pilgrim Fathers were particularly smart. -- 2079:. But in fact similar concatenations did occur throughout history, as the examples above so ably prove. One of the factors that makes this more likely is the presence of an empire. The Romans were good at far-flung expeditions and colonisation: it is said that Africans were in Britain before the English, i.e. that soldiers of the Roman Empire, recruited from 3818:, amongst others. From 1940 onwards the favoured strategy became one of 'ghettoization', with the Jews of Western Europe being transported to join pre-existing communities in the east. But up to the invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941 there was no specific plan for mass murder. The mass killings in fact started in Russia, with the introduction of the 1311:) Anglo-Afghan Wars. On a personal note, I don't suppose that this (or these) wars will have any more lasting effects than their predecessors; we go in, knock a few heads together, go back home, and five or six years later it's anarchy again. Do you notice that we've been fighting the Afghans for longer than Nazi Germany? You might also enjoy the 3134:'s assertion to the contrary. During the Russian campaign the army also followed the order to 'live off the land', regardless of the impact on the civilian population, showing little in the way of moral reservation. There is absolutely no reason at all to suppose that the Wehrmacht did not share Hitler's view that the war in the east was a 1018:

that informed almost every aspect of Soviet planning: it was based on the orthodoxy that the Red Army would automatically take the offensive as soon as war was declared. No allowance was made for defence in depth, for the need to use space and prepared positions to counter a possible enemy surprise. This weakness was further compounded by

2223:, or perhaps a contemporary with a similar poetic voice. The poem was fairly short, and the subject was a woman standing at her washing line, collecting freshly dried laundry, gathering sheets protectively into her arms and holding them to her as one would hold a child. The poet stated that her inspiration was her reaction to the death of 1051:

and defeated on the borders. The Red army, as Voroshilov put it, would carry the war 'on to the enemy land with little loss of blood.' It was on his recommendation that the powerful Soviet tank corps, another of Tuckhachevsky's innovations, was split up and distributed among local infantry units. We all know what the outcome was to be.

169:, representing Northern Ireland, is in some sort of official limbo (the article has been the subject of prolonged edit-warring), and the Welsh dragon or cross of St. David is not represented at all on the Union flag (perhaps because either the pattern wouldn't fit or because Wales is a principality rather than a kingdom). -- 869:. I suspect that part of the answer is that the Eastern European steppe favoured mobile warfare; the Poles and the Russians were making the slow transition from equine to mechanical cavalry, whereas the Germans were already fully mechanised and had honed their tactics during the invasions of Poland and France. -- 666:

connects the registered voter, the token and the candidate and to the best of my knowledge has no use for a bribe, since they have pretty much everything they want anyway. ;) You are not worried about the computer cutting off your electricity if you don't vote for the candidate of its choice, now are you? ;)

3862:

Clio, what you wrote would suggest that Jews started to settle in what is now eastern Poland, Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine only after Empress Catherine II established the Pale of Settlement on the territories acquired by Russia in the partitions of Poland. And that they settled there because it was

3044:

People will react in all sorts of ways to any given set of circumstances. Yes, the power of the collective, or the tribe, is important, perhaps crucially so. But so, too, is education, fear, greed, resentment, anger, ideology, indoctrination, politics and a whole set of other variables. People may

2624:

Sigh back at you. Forgive me if I fail to explain my reasons for not wanting specific other people to think I visit hate sites. It's not thought crime; if they're as paranoid and unpleasant as the one I wikilinked, I honestly have no interest in hearing what they have to say or increasing their hits,

2400:

of Harvard (I hope thats a bluelink) for example has made a career arguing that recent Hispanic immigrants to the US are "lower quality" than those that came earlier (he's a Miami Cuban) so that empirical analysis based on historical figures that suggest large net gains won't be a proper guide to the

430:

Tokens are often used as a way to assure only one vote per voter, the person voting is not under aged, the person is who they claim to be, that no one else can cast a vote in their place. If you check online forums such as SMF you will find extensive polling and voting mechanisms which are secure and

398:

Candidates may have to spend a lot more to convince me I should spend my time and energy going to the poles to vote for them. What if I could vote online instead of fighting traffic and standing in line? Wouldn't a virtual pole reduce the amount of advertising required to get me to go to a real world

2833:

An exhibition - somewhat controversial - has been shown in Germany and Austria recently which addresses this topic. I believe that the original view of many - a handful of "bad" Nazis at the top, millions of "good" (and ignorant) common soldiers at the bottom - is one of the last self serving myths

2266:

I know the Pork Pies poem (eww, creepy) and it's not that. I'm reasonably sure the laundry one was inspired by the Bulger case - the metaphor of gathering in sheets as one would gather in a child made a tremendous impression on me at the time - but thanks for the suggestion. Will keep looking! --

1772:

in 1861. By the time a response was sent, Lincoln was president, and his reply (which I can't find right now) is charming to read. He explains that "Our political jurisdiction does not reach a latitude so low as to favor the multiplication of the elephant." Not so impossible, maybe, but incongruous.

1017:

In his own argument Tukhachevsky placed greatest stress on what he called 'deep operations', the form of offensive he considered most appropriate to modern military technology. It was inspired thinking, but it contained one essential weakness, determined, in large measure, by the political thinking

974:

Hello again, John. You have, in fact, already supplied a partial answer in the form of your inquiry: yes, strategic planning was effectively limited by the political constraints placed on the military specialists. Before I proceed I should make it clear (though I am sure you are well aware of this

822:

Futher to my past questions on diplomacy and strategy in the inter-war period I would now like to focus a little more specifically on Soviet military thinking. What I need to know is why the Red Army was so ill-prepared for the German attack in 1941? I'm thinking here in terms of strategic planning.

3803:

Why were these camps established where they were? The simple answer-one that has already been given-is that they were all close to major Jewish population centres. It would have presented much more severe logistical problems to have transported millions of eastern European Jews to, say, France or

3231:

Would a comparision to certain American soldiers torturing prisoners in Abu Graib strain your tolerance? Soldiers, and people in general, mostly do what they are encouraged to do. Society/the establishment/superior military officers show the 'little guy/soldier' how he should act and behave. If the

2961:

True enough, though Clio's response is instructive in that it represents the reaction of the traditionally trained historian to the importation of any of the commonly accepted results of social psychology, or, indeed, the social sciences in general. The historian-as-artist will disdain all forms of

1050:

It was this kind of stupidity, advanced by Voroshilov, which continued to guide Soviet thinking in the early years of the war. They learned next to nothing from the German operations in Poland, France and the Balkans. It was an axiom, dangerous to challenge, that any enemy offensive would be held

701:

You Brits have the distinct dysfunction of not being able to accept anyone's use of the English language other than your own. Consider for instance your rule for doubling the consonant which follows a short vowel. Despite this Google turns up 97,000,000 hits for "traveling" and only 47,000,000 hits

426:

How do you know you can trust the people at the real world poles and the manual system currently in use? What checks and balances against corruption and fraud are there now? Creating a top notch online pole would present the very opportunity necessary to incorporate such checks and balances so that

3683:

Poland was convenient because it was outside Germany and was also fairly central to the populations intended to be taken into the camps: a very large proportion of the Jewish population was in Poland itself. The decision to kill the Jews who were in the power of Germany seems to have been formally

844:

The Allied powers launched a military intervention in support of anti-Communist forces and both the Bolsheviks and White movement carried out campaigns of deportations and executions against each other, known respectively as the Red Terror and White Terror. At the end of the Civil War, the economy

823:

What themes had Soviet military specialists pursued in the inter-war period? Was their decision-making so politically circumscribed that they were effectively unable to respond to German battle-field innovations? Clio, in the light of our previous discussions, I imagine you have a view about this?

621:

with that statement every day (2003 figures) If you'd just like the US reference try statistics for things like relative income and murder rate, infant mortality, insufficient health-care, alcoholism etc. "Poles" must be some regional variety. Current off line voting methods include a picture ID

336:

trading also changes the picture. For those who buy oil in other currencies, they get more oil for their Euros because the crude is priced in dollars, until our sheik increases the price. The consumers buy from the oil companies. Although they now get more dollars for what they make in Euros,

327:

Not directly, but indirectly, very likely. Consider the following: The price for a barrel of crude is quoted in dollars. If the value of the dollar falls it has less purchasing power in other countries. If e.g. a sheik wants a boat from France he'll have to sell more oil to pay for that boat or

1476:

On first making landfall in southern Maine, Gosnold’s ship, the Concord, was greeted by a canoe rigged with a mast and sails, so that it was at first mistaken for a European fishing vessel. The Indians onboard “spake diverse Christian words,” one of the Englishmen wrote, “and seemed to understand

1349:

During the advance into the Kabaw valley, I found some of our chaps crouching behind a bush, watching a party of West African soldiers bathing. The Gurkhas were gazing fascinated, uttering exclamations of unwilling awe, at what they perceived as the extravagant dimensions of their black comrades'

1045:

Military thought in the capitalist world has got into a blind alley. The dashing 'theories' about lightning war, or about small, select armies of technicians, or about the air war which can replace all other military operations; all these theories arise from the bourgeoisie's deathly fear of the

1030:

The Purge of 1937, in which Tukhachevsky and a great many of the Red Army's senior officers were killed is important, yes, but not perhaps as significant as usually assumed. There were serious weaknesses in the 'modernised' army, particularly in the area of command and control. Just as serious,

1026:

was published. Right up to 1941, until after the German invasion, it was assumed that a war would be a two-stage affair: that the enemy would he held on the frontier by covering operations, which would allow the completion of full mobilisation. Once the army was assembled then the 'killer blow'

411:

Re 3) There is already trouble with electronic voting machines that don't print out a receipt. What would keep a crook from stealing the election. You'd have to make sure that each vote is cast by an actual person of voting age and that person is who they claim to be and you'd have to make sure

3813:

On the subject of the Holocaust itself, there seem to be a number of misconceptions. It is important to understand that there was a considerable degree of improvisation in Nazi policy towards the Jews; and as late as 1939 mass migration was still the favoured option, with Madagascar being given

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was unrealistic and large scale immigration was out of the question, because no country, least of all the United States, had wanted to accept large numbers of Jewish immigrants prior to the war (and the onset of World War II made immigration from Germany to its enemies untenable of course). The

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than to currency fluctuations. Basically there is more demand for oil & petroleum products than there ever has been, and at the same time supply (and refining capacity to a lesser degree) is very tight with little, if any, excess supply to meet that demand. So prices rise. Also important are

386:

It makes sense that if the government squelches campaign contributions it has the same effect on voters as squelching does on listener's of audio, i.e., the results are clipped and therefore distorted. As such the voter can not have (a conspiracy?) a clear picture as to whom the candidate truly

3325:

what was the name of that female warrior who dyed herself blue before entering battle? i cant remember if she was a celt or a pict or french and i also cant remember if it was ancient or if it was as recent as the french revolution. i've seen a painting of her but its very fuzzy in my memory.

2484:

In my own view, immigration can have a number of perverse effects; (1) In Britain, because our healthcare system is essentially a public monopoly funded out of general taxation, the politicians who run it try to keep its costs down by recruiting nurses and doctors from abroad on the basis that

2458:

The typical canard about immigration is that the brightest and best of the donor nation emigrate leaving the stupid and idle behind; I have heard this said of the Scots by the English, and it is apparently said of the British by the Americans , although all is not lost as long as we still have

948:

True, but there were three other factors in play: (1) the officers who knew how to fight a war were replaced by incompetents who were more skilled at staying alive & getting promoted under Stalin than their actual jobs; (2) the primary military tactic the Soviets used was a massed assault,

665:

You are confusing voter registration with voting. Voter registration is where you jump through all the hoops to prove you are you. Online voting is where you give your token to one candidate or the other and where they return the tokens to the Election board for verification. Only the computer

2395:

Blue-collar migrants, which form the majority of economic migrants, are more intensively studied, and less can be said for certain. Most major econometric studies reveal that they are a net benefit for the economy as a whole, though they can negatively impact the wages of those in blue-collar

1674:

I have heard that there were a few Koreans forced into labor by the Nazis, discovered in the aftermath of D-Day. Apparently the Koreans had been captured by the Japanese, then by the Russians, and then by the Germans. I can't vouch for its authenticity, but it would be a very odd combination.

1031:

junior officers were lacking in flexibility and tactical awareness. The Purge only served to compound what one German observer described as 'fear of responsibility.' Given this background Tuckhachevsky's concept of deep operations, while good in theory, was seriously flawed in practice.

1711:

I don't think this can be right, Bibliomaniac. Korea was part of the Japanese Empire. Korean nationals were thus drafted into the Japanese army, though most often in an auxiliary role. They were used in high numbers to guard prisoners of war, and had a particularly brutal reputation.

2098:

thousands of years ago, and rock carvings of their ships' arrival, made by the indigenous inhabitants, still exist: the coming together of preliterate tribal people and a centralised society. For a more modern version of that, take a look at the aboriginal Australians' response to the

684:

Almost all of the Google hits on your link relate to Polish people voting; the rest are simple spelling mistakes. If "poles" were an acceptable variation for "polls", I would expect to see it used in this context on the website of a reputable newspaper or similar publication. I don't.

3138:-a war of annihilation. Of the almost 6 million Soviet prisoners taken by the army some 600,000 were shot out of hand and a further 2.7 million died in captivity. None of this is really all that surprising; for almost all of the soldiers and junior officers had been educated in the 2227:. I didn't chase the poem for a while, and by the time I did I was unable to get details of the programme or its content from the radio station. Googling and desultory bookshop browsing have drawn a blank so far. I'd be very grateful for any help in pinpointing it. Thanks. -- 1034:

The main effect of the Purge was to politicise the army to an even higher degree than before, undercutting much of the professionalism that Tukhachevsky and others had attempted to introduce. There was also a retreat from modern concepts of mechanised warfare. In February 1939

2937:

But why do they want to do the things they are told? Of course people always ultimately do what they want/what makes them happiest in that moment, it doesn't mean no further thought or work is required in that area. It's relevant. People doing awful things in Nazi Germany often

3125:

It was a myth, popular with former soldiers, and promoted by senior officers, that the Wehrmacht was a 'haven' from the excesses of the Nazi regime. It was, rather, as ideologically compromised as every other branch of state. There is little evidence, for instance, that the

2712:

nor any other migration that comes to mind has had any demonstratable long term ruinous local effect. The only possible example to the opposite I could think of would be the "settlement" of America and most of the "current Americans" would probably disagree with that view.

1503:-- as well on other aspects of pre-1800 East Africa.) Then there is the narrative of the behavior of the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean over the first few generations -- they were always eager for a fight, & sacked many different ports on the African & Asian coasts. ( 2004:

Yes, indeed! You Northmen/Normans could not get us one way so you went for the other, coming in as a bunch of Frenchified illegal immigrants! Ah, well, maybe English is just a Scandinavian dialect (Richard Wagner was under the impression that it was a dialect of German!)

2759:

You'll have to be more specific. Soldiers in combat have harmed civilians both before & after WW II, more often from negligence or accident than malicious intent. (The tools of their trade are lethal & destructive.) On the other hand I am reminded of the comment by

3161:' argument, which runs along the lines that (in the example given) a German reserve police battalion, by a combination of peer pressure and gradually pushing the boundaries, turned themselves from 'ordinary men' into war criminals. This view, however, is opposed by the ' 3716:, also. So, all that was left was mass murder, either through working abled-bodied Jews to death through labor to help the war effort combined with an inadequate diet and appalling, disease-ridden living conditions or, for those too weak to work, large-scale execution. 3598:

is in Lower Saxony. However, at the start of the Second World War, Poland was annexed by Germany and split into two zones. After the war, Poland regained its territories. Therefore, the Concentration Camps that are currently in Poland were at the time part of Germany.

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professions. Some studies suggest that even for those whose wages are directly impacted, the second-order effect of reduced prices through cheaper labor is in itself enough to raise standards of living all round. There are major dissenters to this influencing policy.

2505:, which allows the immigrant communities not to integrate, you get ghettos of black and white areas, including schools. More dangerously, it has been alleged that this lack of integration has led to the development of muslim extremism, particularly in Britain (eg. 1106:

Hello. I'm trying to remember a specific piece of literature, where the author states something like he would rather be an unknowing pig wallowing in the mud than a human, who must suffer from knowledge gained but unwanted. It's a British literature piece. Thanks.

847:" They had only 18 years to organize a new government, a new economic system, restore an economy that had just been through 2 consecutive wars and revamp and reorganize their military into the Red Army. Considering that they managed quite well I think. -- 2420:

suggest that remittances of this sort are being used as a crutch, rather than to increase growth all round. Also, recent figures (from last week!) show such remittances from the US to Central America are dropping, which is terrible news for Guatemala and

3211:

That one was truly unprecedented. There have been other high-profile rejections, but that one stands alone in many ways. I carry no brief for Davies, who's average at best, but I can't think that the words Stanford used were in any way justified.

2806:, but this has been exploded. Some of the best witnesses are the Wehrmacht military chaplains, who reported the regular army at work on mass killings in Poland, Byelorussia, the Ukraine, Yugoslavia and elsewhere. See, for instance, Omer Bartov's 1002:, in which he laid out the idea that a grand offensive must be supported by tanks, armoured vehicles and aircraft, all thrust forward at great speed to deliver a knock-out blow of overwhelming power. He was, in effect, outlining the concept of 2902:

Milgram Experiment whenever questions like this come up. It has no relevance at all to history, to the workings of history, of politics and of ideology. If people do things it is not always because they are told to but because they want to.

994:, a brilliant organiser, largely responsible for the peace-time development of the Red Army, badly neglected by Leon Trotsky, his predecessor. The appointment of Voroshilov, a close associate of Stalin, was in part offset by the promotion of 2150:. Sometimes it suits former colonial powers to move a group of people, especially those on the losing side in a war and who thus face persecution from the victors, to somewhere else entirely different: hence the airlift of several thousand 3843:

was summoned in January 1942. It was from this point forward that the Holocaust, in the sense we understand it today, acquires a much more definite and systematic shape, with the major extermination centres coming into gradual operation.

2031:, was fortified in the 1850s due to a fear of attack by Russians during the Crimean War. It never eventuated, but if it had, I can't imagine an enemy travelling a greater distance to mount an attack. Then there was the Japanese submarine 3015:, which have provided a useful insight into the nature of mass action. What I am hostile to, and deeply so, is the notion that human behaviour can be isolated and reproduced in laboratory conditions, as if people were chimpanzees or rats. 2244:

I think you may be mixing two poems together here. I confess that my knowledge of either Kay or Duffy is weak but I know that Jackie Kay wrote a poem titled 'Pork Pies' in her book 'Other Lives' which alludes (quite heavily) to the Bulger

394:

Publications which are not promoted, featured or advertised often have poor readership, although some may have high readership as the result of only "word of mouth." Are multi-million dollar campaign expenditures and contributions really

2391:

The problematic nature of this question has led to some economists arguing for an "emigration tax", especially from countries where education is subsidised. The Economist ran a cover story some time ago on the "global war for talent", I

661:

is not regional or universal, but used nonetheless in connection with places where citizens go to select a candidate to hold office, versus an exit "poll" taken by a newspaper or TV station to get a rough idea of which candidate faired

3762:, which were built for one purpose, and one purpose only. Concentration camps were located, as Karl says, all over Germany and elsewhere in Europe; but extermination centres were located either in areas annexed from Poland, or in the 646:

of the poor. The Bill and Malinda Gates Foundation, to mention one (and there are many more), the UN, the World Bank and many other "rich" people and organizations considered rich by anyone's standard are working hard to help the

770:

That is a typo, not a legitimate source. As I now see that you are the well-known Ref Desk troll 71.100.etc under an assumed name, I shall cease attempting to set you right on matters of spelling and shall simply ignore you.

2942:

do them because they were told to, even though they found them distasteful. That they ultimately were happier at the moment of making the choice with following the instruction rather than not is true, but it doesn't tell us

311:

What is the relationship between the price of oil and the value of the dollar? Is part of the increase in oil due to the decline of the dollar? What does this mean for those buying oil in other currencies, such as the euro?

3839:, and there were also concerns about the rates of mental breakdown among the SS personnel involved in the field executions in Russia. To remedy this-and to ensure maximum co-ordination amongst all government agencies-the 3478:- and I gather woad doesn't work terribly well for making people come up blue and thus giving them a shaggy aspect in battle - then it's just one of those textural mistakes we can smile about, here in our age of wisdom. 3757:

On the central point under consideration, there are a number of things that should to be made clear. First and foremost, there was indeed a clear difference in the Nazi scheme of things between concentration camps and

3501:

Yes, thank you, Xn4. The other one that makes me smile is the suggestion, still prevalent, that the Celts advanced into battle naked...apart from the dye, that is! Or was the blueness simply on account of the cold?

2383:

Recent studies have moderated this outlook by focusing on the fact that a significant proportion of such migrants eventually return, with skills and capital they have picked up abroad. This was particularly evident in

3232:'little guy/soldier' does something unwanted he gets punished. Reward and punishment always works. The majority will follow these encouragements soon enough. And war always manages to bring out the worst of Humanity. 2323:

I've studying several texts on the subject and i as just wondering what people's views are. I should specify: is migration good for the development of sender countries or receiver countries? can it be good for both?

3002:

I wouldn't say I was entirely hostile to the application of social psychology to certain types of historical analysis, particularly when dealing with forms of collective behaviour. I have a particular interest in

2695:

I've always found it a rather interesting question at what point "immigrants" (arguably the vast majority of US Americans) cease to be such and become locals. The answer seems to vary with country and ethnicity.

957:; (3) the not unworkable strategy that if the Soviet army fell back far enough, the steppes & the Russian Winter would destroy any invader (which is what happened to Napoleon in the previous century). -- 2364:

as a financial centre. Most countries are aware of this, and that is why points-based immigration systems are common across the English-speaking world - except the US - and in many countries of the European

154:

the St. Patrick's cross might be removed from the flag but, on the basis that at least some people living in Northern Ireland would still remain British subjects, there would be no great hurry to remove the

3196:

Yes, the treatment of Davies has been shabby. Ah, Major, if you only knew just how much politicking and back-stabbing goes on in history departments. It's a little like Italy in the time of the Borgias!

3178:, the foremost historian on Poland, was denied a chair at Stanford because of his views on the subject. Professional historians, it seems, can behave just as cretinously as Knowledge's edit-warriors! -- 1878:

Nah flashman is just about hating darkies and banging dusky ladies. I am working on My Early Life by Winston Churchill. Was it almost required reading at Harrow? Lotsofissues 17:17, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

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Oh, sorry. Well, at the time, Poland as it is now would've been East Germany; far away from Berlin, quite "out of the way" as it were. However, I'm sure someone can expand upon that; it's late. :)

2215:

I'm trying to identify a poem I heard read on the radio about 5 years ago, as part of an interview of which I only caught a fragment. The poet was female and I have an idea it might have been

164:

The flag itself commemorates the Union as a whole; the constituent parts of the Union - England, Wales, Scotland, and (Northern) Ireland - all have their own flags although <deep sigh: -->

2380:

witnesses in the medical and scientific professions, weaken crucial parts of the sending economy, and in some cases, such as certain Latin American nations, the entire social infrastructure.

1937:, Norwegian and not English would be the global language today... History's littered with battles that could (at least at first glance) have changed a lot had they turned out differently. 658: 642:

25,000 dying of starvation is not good nor is any statistical correlation of income to murder rate, infant mortality, insufficient health-care, alcoholism etc. but that is a far cry from

3536:

who painted himself blue before battle. Of course, he had other quite extraordinary attributes, such as fighting a battle on a level playing field and convincing everyone that it was a

1499:-- how many more of these distant Italian outposts existed? Then there is the matter of Chinese-African trade. (Richard Pankhurst has a written a wonderful chapter on the subject in his 2764:, that although he & his fellow soliders were told that they were fighting the Nazis, the only time they saw Nazis was when the Germans threw some SS units into the front lines. -- 1495:

There are lots of dark spots in African history that are not only fascinating, but desperately need Knowledge articles. For example, the Genoese had a trading post on the upper Nile in

1529:

I was surprised to read that the Vikings ranged as far south as the Mediterranean, reaching Turkey by navigating the rivers of Eastern Europe. That meeting would have surprised me.

2877: 1721: 1698: 1130:’s take on utilitarianism (that actions are intrinsically nonmorally good or bad according to the extent to which they promote pleasure or pain) was condemned by others, notably 939: 591: 3853: 3223: 3206: 3187: 3062: 2973: 2678: 2617: 2539: 2436: 1870: 1361: 605: 294: 1912:

is interesting, even if most of it is probably bunk. I also remember being intrigued that the Portuguese royal family temporarily resided in Brazil, and that there was once an

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immigrants will accept a lower salary for the consolation of British citizenship; thus the third world is stripped of healthcare professionals. (2) Because any citizen of the

1840:

Or you might not. I know several people who find them difficult reading and vaguely offensive. I personally think that if you want that sort of thing, go all the way and read

1271: 1134:, as a “doctrine of swine”, because if mere pleasure was the true end of human life, with no nobler goal, then the lives and pleasures of a pig and human are of equal worth. 998:

as chief-of-staff. It was Tukhachevsky's aim to continue the work of Frunze in turning the Red Army into a professional fighting force. In 1928 he published a book entitled

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The Indo-Greeks dominated the north-west of India for centuries, of course, and the lingering effects of their art and calendar can be seen in India and Pakistan today. The

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Milgram Experiment is high among the most pseudo of pseudo-science! (Well, I didn't want to disappoint you, 79.66, though if I were upping the ante I think I would prefer

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camps. There were concentration camps all over Germany and other places in Europe. Also extermination facilities like Treblinka and Majdanek were not in German territory.

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Sorry, Kpalion, my point was obviously not as clear as I would have wished. The Jews had been settling in Poland for generations, encouraged to do so by the likes of

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Since we're departing from real history so dramatically here, the novels in the recent past that most lovingly reproduce clashing cultures are certainly those in the

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Two questions about the Holocaust. Why were Nazi extermination camps all in Poland? Is there anything to explain why the extermination programme began when it did?

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Nazi policy overall was now taking a far more radical turn; and in December 1941 the first gassings started at Kulmhof, where Jews were transported from the nearby

3174:

It's worth pointing out that the passions inflamed by this topic, and the related argument about how (non-Jewish) Poles behaved towards the Jews, are considerable.

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Some units were officered by Poles who had been encouraged by Churchill to emigrate to West Africa. Most of these Poles spoke the same pidgin English as their men.

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in the 1980s, where the locals greeted them with some awe and astonishment, expecting them to be physically bigger, as they had seen off the American army. The

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child. The grandparents of one herd goats in the desert, and the grandparents of the other herd reindeer in the tundra, albeit now with helicopter assistance.

2064:

What fascinating answers! I intend to bookmark this and come back to pursue links later. Once again, I come late to the party, but I will attempt to add a few.

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The page you are currently viewing is an archive page. While you can leave answers for any questions shown below, please ask new questions on one of the

1946: 905:). After a time the Germans could not take their attritional losses as well as the Russians could because the Russians had a greater population (think 1507:'s raid on the Ottoman fleet at Suez deserves a better treatment than I have been able to give it.) Mention of the Red Sea reminds me of the antics of 1188: 772: 740: 686: 555: 421: 3863:

the Russian tsarate that invited them and encouraged to stay. I don't want to say anything wrong this time, so I'm just asking you to clarify that. —

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The loss of highly-skilled migrants has traditionally been considered a negative for the economies they lose. In the 1960s they called this the

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As an aside, non-Christian African soldiers swore an oath of loyalty over a bayonet rather than a bible and, according to Col. Derek Horsford:

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in Afghanistan being either the Forth (if you treat it as a continuous campaign) or Forth and Fifth (if you split out the 2001 invasion and

3707:

the decision was taken when it was: essentially, Hitler had run out of options for his long-stated goal of riding Europe of the Jews. The

1738:

I read that story about the Koreans recently, I think. May have been in "D-Day" by Stephen Ambrose (interesting but a bit too "patriotic")

1511:

in 1104. And a last suggestion would be the Roman campaign against Yemen: Knowledge seems to have only the briefest of mentions of this in

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for a reason. If you introduce a method for linking the person of the voter to the vote they cast for online voting you do away with that.

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that the Germans of the time were simply anti-semitic and only too glad to start killing Jews. You pays your money and makes your choice.

1284:

I like learning about historical events that show contact between distant peoples that I did not imagine was possible. Some examples are

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An extremely complicated question and the basis of much current research. The simple answer is that it depends on the kind of migration.

1916:. I can also remember how amazed I felt when I read about the First Crusade and the Byzantine Empire for the first time, when I was 15. 648: 1339:(hardback ed., p.88); the British raised two divisions from Britain's African colonies to fight in Burma during the Second World War. 2786:

and the German mass killings of prisoners of war and civilians, contrary to the Geneva Conventions. There used to be a myth that the

2075:, who are deployed all over the place; gives a typical example, of a Malaysian U.N. officer nominally in charge of a tugboat on the 986:

To begin with Soviet strategic planning in the inter-war period was hampered by the appointment of the incompetent and unimaginative

2585:, but best not click on it if anyone who's an immigrant is likely to notice it in your history. They might not think well of you. -- 1262:

Unfortunately I don't think it matches the description given by 69.16... so unless he can supply us with more information... Yours,

387:

represents from the list of campaign contributors and the amount each contributes. For this reason shouldn't campaign contributions

1694: 489:"Poles" and "polls" are used interchangeably. Some prefer to use "pole" when speaking of a long term periodic and legally binding 2604:

Well, on the basis that you're somehow afraid or unable to make up your own mind, you could always read the Knowledge article on

434:

What keeps the rich from using starvation, withholding of medical care and forced exposure to the elements to kill off the poor?

3814:

serious consideration as a likely destination. Only the outbreak of World War Two put a stop to such plans, which had involved

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visas are so important to the United States, and the political barriers to increasing those visas is one of the reasons why the

356:

expectations of future supply and the fact that a lot of oil industry players seem to be accepting that we're getting close to

1370:

Looking beyond the more famous empires, there were some wonderfully unlikely European colonies, such as the settlement of the

146:'Northern Ireland' isn't in the Union flag; the cross of St. Patrick is (St. Patrick being the patron saint of Ireland); see: 3742:

Yet another place I have been before! Here below is part of what I said on a previous occasion, adapted for present usage.

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wrong, as indeed is the rest of the prior submission. The Red Army had some superb general officers, including arguably the

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to be toppled. Maybe it is no coincidence that it required two generations to come to an end of the "denial phase" of this

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moved people around like chess pieces. It comes as a shock to the unwary to find a substantial population of Koreans in

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As I understand it, he is referring to all of the Judaic Prophets who were killed by their own people, no specific one.

1446:' day: there's a coin or two somewhere that shows a tiger cub named for one of Augustus' beloved grandchildren I think. 3306: 3259: 1818:

Thank you. Great list. Keep them coming. Or have we nearly exhausted history? Lotsofissues 10:39, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

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or the place for casting your vote where your security concerns are justified and "poll" when speaking of frequent and

2173:, people who never expected to meet each other, Russians and Chinese and French all praying together. Likewise at the 2067:

The OP specifies historical encounters. Today we express no surprise at any people meeting anyone else; that's called

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Omnes vero se Britanni vitro inficiunt, quod caelureum efficit colorem atque hoc horridiore sunt in pugna adspectu...

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as 'glass', 'woad' was the conventional translation for centuries. Somehow, the woad became attached to the name of

1419:

as a good Knowledge article, but the historical relations between the West and the Mongols is an interesting topic.

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proletarian revolution. In its mechanical way, the imperialist bourgeoisie overrates equipment and underrates man.

1566:

It was no odder for the Swedes to be involved in the Battle of Prague than it was for them to be involved in the

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There's some William Blake poem against churches where he revels in his decision to 'lay me down with the swine'

183:

The non-presence of the Welsh flag is a result of history: while England was united with Scotland and Ireland by

3157:

The question you have posed is also a matter for considerable historical dispute. On the one hand you have the '

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theorizing that appear to focus on replicable results, as interpretation is individual and never replicable. --

2471:, argues that the greatest exports of Britain during the Empire were capital and people. See also the article: 1792: 528:

Current off line voting methods do not include or require retina scanners, fingerprint readers, or DNA testing.

3255:

is Jesus referring to when he says to the Pharisees, "are the descendants of those who murdered the prophets."

382:

These three questions are posted together since they address essentially the same topic of campaign finance.

3732: 3466:. It seems to have produced a greenish or blueish colour." Although many present-day scholars prefer to read 2292: 1382:, begun in 1620. Part of the history of this settlement is its seizure from the Danes by the British in 1801. 3438: 2843: 587: 3775: 3256: 2506: 2372:, though that terminology has come under attack. There are reasons for this: massive emigration, such as 2248:

As to the poem about washing nothing springs to mind, hopefully someone else can be more helpful! Yours,

1933:

Not exactly long-distance contact, but in Norway we sometimes say (tongue-in-cheek) that if we'd won the

975:

yourself) that the suggestion that the officers who knew who to fight 'were replaced by incompetents' is

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Don't tell anybody where I come from that we share a flag. We are liable to burn down your holiday home.

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sites in terms of paranoia and unpleasantness? I'd rather not have it in my history if it is. Thanks.

924:

As Major Bonkers points out, all the people who actually knew anything about tactics were shot in the

3688:. There's a debate about when the 'real' decision was taken - for a summary of that, see our article 3537: 1934: 1450:

is a seminar report on these fun trade links. Note particularly the Roman mosaics in a villa outside

1371: 230:. The use of the Union flag is historical there, the dominions may decide to keep theirs the same. 2253: 2032: 1683: 1267: 1066:

Thank you to all who responded, but a special thank you to Clio, who truly is the brightest star!

914: 86: 17: 3822:, following in the wake of the armies. The favoured methods were gas vans and mass shootings, at 2704:) 13:42, 1 May 2008 (UTC) Another little aspect comes to mind in that regard is that neither the " 3901: 3849: 3747: 3507: 3391: 3218: 3202: 3183: 3147: 3104: 3058: 2968: 2908: 2839: 2673: 2613: 2591: 2535: 2431: 2412:, and the money that keeps it going is almost entirely from blue-collar emigrants working in the 2338: 2210: 2177:, the Great Mosque in Mecca, where Muslims from all over the world meet. Even as I type this, a 2010: 1961: 1865: 1831: 1805: 1717: 1657: 1627: 1579: 1545: 1485: 1460: 1357: 1320: 1089: 1056: 934: 874: 678:

Once again, Google is not the arbiter of correct spelling. "Poles" is incorrect in this context.

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All true, however the recent increases in oil prices are more directly attributable to issues of

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Simple: each country would do whatever its government felt like. --Anonymous, 05:37 UTC, May 1.

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you can find a good example of normal people doing inhumane things under an authority figure.

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was traditionally read as 'woad'. For instance, in an 1847 edition Schmitz says in a note "

3329: 3237: 3158: 2740: 2705: 2330: 2304: 2194: 1778: 1508: 1412: 1285: 1184: 995: 712: 196: 191:, Wales was incorporated into England by conquest. Thus unlike the other parts of the UK, 8: 3759: 3624: 3415: 3365: 2873: 2718: 2701: 2352:

Highly-skilled migrants are unquestionably beneficial to the host economies. This is why

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let alone leaving such things for others to find. Thanks Relata for the helpful answer.

2445:

See this newspaper report, which links to recent House of Lords inquiry on the subject:

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much more than we.” It turned out they had been trading for years with Basque fishermen.

865:

Stalin had purged the Russian officer corps; the Russians also got a bloody nose in the

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The brightest and best of the donor nation emigrate leaving the stupid and idle behind

1822:

Well, ok then; this is completely out of kilter, but you might well enjoy reading the

596:

The very kind of comment we have come to expect from something that rhymes with poll.

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I can answer the first one. Not all Concentration camps are currently in Poland, eg.

3474:, after she had been forgotten for centuries. Supposing 'woad' is wrong for Caesar's 2769: 2605: 2514: 2274: 2234: 2095: 1913: 1888: 1567: 1530: 1520: 1145: 1067: 962: 866: 824: 352: 192: 188: 1122:

It’s unlikely, but you’re not referring to the “doctrine of swine” controversy over

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Before I risk clicking that link, could anyone tell me whether it is anything like

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for "travelling," which Firefox and IE browser spellers show as a spelling error.

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was actually sunk and 21 sailors perished. And of course the German sinking of

1982:

got their name from, so perhaps we won, after all, we're just not telling you...

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If that were true, "...the rich would live and the poor would die...", Joan Baez.

1084:

I think I could kiss you, John; in fact I think I could kiss everyone tonight!

3819: 3815: 3689: 3620: 3411: 3361: 3278: 3252: 3092: 3008: 2869: 2791: 2714: 2697: 2486: 2464: 2388:

through the 1990s. Google Oded - Stark for papers that analyse this phenomenon.

2385: 2357: 2162: 2116: 2083:, occupied much of what is now England centuries before the Angles crossed the 2028: 1765: 1597: 1549: 1162: 1131: 1127: 1123: 991: 891: 848: 627: 471: 457: 413: 338: 264: 227: 205: 109: 1983: 1938: 1845: 1739: 3458:

is the herb woad, used for dyeing a blue colour. The ancients also called it

3443: 3175: 2810:(1985) and Doris L. Bergen's 'Between God and Hitler' in Bartov & Mack's 2795: 2510: 2397: 2155: 2068: 2044: 2036: 1892: 1852: 1390: 1386: 1375: 980: 906: 623: 597: 166: 98: 2581:

Not as objectionable as the one you wikilink, perhaps as objectionable than

2111:. Odd colonial outposts include the Europeans, primarily Dutch, who settled 150:. In the unlikely event of Northern Ireland removing itself from the Union, 3923: 3864: 3139: 2808:

The Eastern Front 1941-1945: German Troops and the Barbarisation of Warfare

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How far were ordinary soldiers involved in the crimes of the Third Reich?

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More recently, the Soviet Empire spread its people over much of the world;

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even published an editorial condemning such notions in the clearest terms;

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changes it's flag (eg if Northern Ireland is removed) would countries like

74: 2790:

had little to do with any of it, and that the villains were nearly all in

2146:, tough fighters from Nepal, who no doubt never expected to end up in the 2134:, for example. Vietnamese teachers and medics volunteered or were sent to 1006:, theoretical notions of which were already being developed in England by 3832: 3541: 2835: 2498: 2472: 2409: 2369: 2361: 2158:, much to the bemusement of its largely Caribbean-encultured inhabitants. 2100: 2091: 2076: 1841: 1158: 925: 117: 3617: 3533: 2404:

Do such emigrants benefit the countries they leave behind? Yes and no.

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series of novels, assuming that you haven't discovered them already. --

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has a right to live and work in any other country, London, which is a

3892:

of the Jewish population along the western borders of the empire, in

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are also interesting. And from a recent story in the New York Times:

902: 113: 739:. Although you'll probably say that's a legitimate variant as well. 3835:. However, the various strategies were still considered to be too 3823: 3779: 3693: 3479: 3471: 2815: 2783: 2527: 1823: 1443: 1394: 890:

is not that bad when you consider that their tactic was a fighting

887: 652: 643: 357: 2708:" movement (although disputed among some anthropologists) nor the 2296: 1454:

and the fascinating statue of a Roman Buddhist. (In armour?!?) --

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capital of Europe, attracts huge numbers of immigrants such that

1979: 1761: 1512: 1496: 1471: 453: 2119:, of whom probably the best known internationally is the author 1385:

In the realm of fiction, there's the successful invasion of the

615:

If that were true, ...the rich would live and the poor would die

3791: 3142:. If executioners they were, they were willing executioners. 2405: 2182: 2178: 2166: 2135: 2127: 1451: 1037: 898: 839: 757: 531:

If you have a bank account are you afraid to access it online?

121: 3383: 2812:

In God's Name: Genocide and Religion in the Twentieth Century

2377: 2151: 842:

page. They had a "little" civil war inbetween WWI and WWII. "

571: 333: 1548:

where the Czech capital was attacked by Swedes, pretty odd.

949:

supported with massive artillery bombardment when available

3353: 2353: 2299:, also in London. Their librarians should be able to help. 2186: 2185:

under its generous refugee programme, and is befriending a

1439: 79:

Welcome to the Knowledge Humanities Reference Desk Archives

3712:

British had forbidden the immigration of European Jews to

2608:

before deciding whether or not to commit thought crime. --

2408:

in India is one of the most highly developed parts of the

2782:

By 'crimes', I suspect this question means in particular

897:

to a final bulwark around their major cities (especially

574:, where irregularities in elections are connected to the 2416:. Here again, things must be moderated: some studies of 2103:. Tales of the European explorers are preserved in the 3007:, in the ideas and arguments developed by the likes of 1956:

but English is still the global language, not French!

3637:

Thank you. Please note, though, my question was about

1022:, who temporarily replaced Tukhachevsky shortly after 3888:. It was the policy of the Tsars that resulted in a 3774:. To these we should probably add the minor camp of 1442:

emperors sent gifts that were the wonder of Rome in

756:

What we refer to your concern in engineering as, is

2898:I wish people would stop mentioning the altogether 2161:Speaking of airlifts, what about the rescue of the 1501:

An Introduction to the Economic History of Ethiopia

990:as Commissar for Defence in 1925. He had replaced 2169:? All sorts and colours of Jews rub shoulders in 2035:in 1942 in which a converted passenger ferry, the 277:I can't keep up with all of these renamings. :) 3352:, Queen of the Mycenae, who painted herself with 2109:Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast 1760:An oddity of this kind I've always loved is King 2043:off the Western Australian coast in 1941. -- 554:used interchangeably. Buy a bloody dictionary. 792:Then at least I have accomplished something. 427:no one has to worry about corruption or fraud. 1974:I guess that's why they don't teach us about 3684:agreed in Berlin on 20 January 1942, at the 3778:near Danzig. The second category includes 1791:"? Because Asian elephants are thriving in 1574:and for a good many conflicts thereafter. 1415:is pretty interesting. I would not suggest 120:change their flags accordingly? What about 1544:Not so far distant, but I still find the 951:(the scenes at the opening of the movie " 1292:. Does anything else spring to mind? 49: 36: 2447:Limit immigration, warns House of Lords 1787:Maybe he meant "political jurisdiction 1596:Oddness is in the eye of the beholder. 65: 14: 2509:), the Netherlands (cf. the murder of 195:share a single legal system and flag. 43: 1978:battle. You of course know where the 1295:Lotsofissues 09:41, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 3410:Iceni, of course. Bugger dysphasia! 2094:sailed to the Atlantic coast of the 1224:And he forc'd and forc'd and forc'd, 519:. My question is about changing the 3896:, preventing any wider dispersal. 3321:woman warrior who dyed herself blue 2376:has witnessed in recent years, and 1910:Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact 845:and infrastructure were devastated. 452:Paper ballots can be and often are 332:and forwards that distort things. 31: 3436:Myth isn't quite the word. In his 2864:If you look at the article on the 2319:is migration good for development? 1622:Is it really? How odd! Ha-ha!! 1570:. They were major players in the 1235:Set with pearls and rubies bright, 32: 3944: 2154:from the highlands of Vietnam to 1255:And laid me down among the swine. 3596:Bergen-Belsen concentration camp 3360:, and point you to the article. 2181:child is settling in to life in 1887:played an important role in the 307:price of oil and value of dollar 3766:. The first category included 3462:, and modern botanists call it 1213:Weeping, mourning, worshipping. 1210:And many weeping stood without, 1207:That none did dare to enter in, 785:If its a typo how come its the 3130:was widely disobeyed, despite 1952:Well, Jørgen, Harold lost the 1221:The white pillars of the door, 886:The actual performance of the 13: 1: 3163:Hitler's Willing Executioners 1249:On the bread and on the wine. 1232:And along the pavement sweet, 1199:suggests is 'I saw a Chapel': 789:spelling throughout the site? 431:which do not even use tokens. 33: 2293:The Women's Library (London) 1238:All his slimy length he drew 1227:Down the golden hinges tore. 1218:I saw a serpent rise between 7: 2507:7 July 2005 London bombings 2073:United Nations Peacekeepers 10: 3949: 3348:According to myth, it was 1204:I saw a chapel all of gold 3296:Zechariah son of Berekiah 2733:I was only obeying orders 1935:Battle of Stamford Bridge 1372:Danish East India Company 1241:Till upon the altar white 619:25,000 people would agree 3247:Murdered Hebrew prophets 2033:attack on Sydney Harbour 818:Soviet military thinking 798:04:02, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 766:21:12, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 708:06:05, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 672:14:15, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 525:from off line to online. 405:05:45, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 18:Knowledge:Reference desk 3927:08:56, 3 May 2008 (UTC) 3906:00:15, 3 May 2008 (UTC) 3868:18:51, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 3854:01:57, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 3752:01:57, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 3738:23:27, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 3699:23:12, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 3674:23:07, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 3651:23:01, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 3629:22:59, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 3616:This one wasn't either 3610:22:57, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 3588:22:48, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 3550:03:22, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 3512:02:10, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 3485:22:21, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 3420:08:41, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 3396:20:51, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 3386:. Otherwise correct! -- 3370:20:48, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 3342:20:26, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 3315:17:49, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 3283:17:40, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 3268:17:34, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 3242:23:54, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 3224:07:44, 3 May 2008 (UTC) 3207:00:04, 3 May 2008 (UTC) 3188:09:55, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 3167:from the same evidence! 3165:' school, which argues 3152:01:34, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 3063:23:45, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 2974:08:11, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 2957:02:39, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 2913:01:34, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 2878:23:15, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 2848:22:02, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 2821:18:10, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 2774:18:01, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 2753:17:24, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 2723:14:02, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 2679:14:03, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 2635:04:44, 4 May 2008 (UTC) 2618:10:08, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 2597:08:14, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 2573:04:39, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 2540:13:35, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 2528:Migration Watch website 2513:) and Denmark (cf. the 2437:13:17, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 2343:10:21, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 2309:15:44, 7 May 2008 (UTC) 2279:22:22, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 2258:18:03, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 2239:09:51, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 2199:16:43, 7 May 2008 (UTC) 2053:15:07, 6 May 2008 (UTC) 2015:22:59, 5 May 2008 (UTC) 1992:09:50, 5 May 2008 (UTC) 1966:22:14, 4 May 2008 (UTC) 1947:18:56, 4 May 2008 (UTC) 1926:04:24, 4 May 2008 (UTC) 1901:21:53, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 1871:12:50, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 1844:. Plus, the latter are 1836:12:32, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 1811:08:17, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 1783:02:07, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 1748:18:53, 4 May 2008 (UTC) 1722:01:47, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 1699:01:18, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 1666:21:55, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 1632:23:11, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 1606:16:41, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 1584:01:12, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 1558:20:55, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 1546:Battle of Prague (1648) 1539:18:06, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 1525:17:50, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 1491:13:32, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 1466:13:23, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 1429:12:03, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 1400:10:36, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 1362:12:28, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 1325:10:07, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 1272:21:18, 4 May 2008 (UTC) 1246:Vomiting his poison out 1189:12:32, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 1171:18:52, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 1150:15:11, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 1117:08:25, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 1094:23:06, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 1076:05:54, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 1061:00:59, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 967:17:23, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 940:13:36, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 919:13:32, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 879:10:15, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 857:08:58, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 833:08:25, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 781:22:23, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 749:19:56, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 695:19:55, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 636:13:29, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 606:10:57, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 592:09:36, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 564:10:59, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 538:10:07, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 480:08:16, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 470:BTW polls not poles :-} 466:08:43, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 441:08:04, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 422:06:55, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 370:08:36, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 347:08:05, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 322:04:03, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 295:17:56, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 273:09:41, 2 May 2008 (UTC) 248:21:33, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 214:17:28, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 200:10:24, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 179:09:52, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 134:03:22, 1 May 2008 (UTC) 3782:, as well as the main 3532:Everyone knows it was 3303:Zechariah ben Jehoiada 2291:You might want to try 1883:Did you know that the 1417:Franco-Mongol alliance 1305:The current excitement 1252:So I turn'd into a sty 87:current reference desk 2115:, giving rise to the 2071:. Take, for example, 1695:Do I have your trust? 680:Look in a dictionary. 260:What dominions?? See 148:Union flag#Since 1801 3013:José Ortega y Gasset 1846:in the public domain 1509:Raynald of Chatillon 1413:Sino-Roman relations 1309:subsequent campaigns 1286:Battle of Wayna Daga 1280:Surprises in history 1027:would be delivered. 996:Mikhail Tukhachevsky 3922:Thank you, Clio. — 3760:Extermination camps 3564:Holocaust questions 2027:, in the middle of 983:of the whole war. 3882:Boleslaw the Pious 3841:Wannsee Conference 3806:Pale of Settlement 3784:Operation Reinhard 3768:Auschwitz-Birkenau 3764:General Government 3686:Wannsee conference 3287:I have one so far. 3132:Erich von Manstein 2866:Milgram experiment 2840:Cookatoo.ergo.ZooM 2297:the Poetry Library 2277: 2237: 2144:Brigade of Gurkhas 1954:Battle of Hastings 1770:President Buchanan 1766:offer of elephants 1313:Kingdom of Sarawak 1290:Indo-Greek Kingdom 1148: 1020:Boris Shaposhnikov 1008:Basil Liddell Hart 988:Kliment Voroshilov 953:Enemy at the Gates 584:Cookatoo.ergo.ZooM 262:Commonwealth realm 3894:small communities 3886:Casimir the Great 3736: 3671: 3607: 3590: 3574:comment added by 3394: 3358:according to myth 3344: 3332:comment added by 3186: 3136:Vernichtungskrieg 2755: 2743:comment added by 2637: 2620: 2616: 2606:MigrationWatch UK 2599: 2578: 2575: 2561:other "____watch" 2538: 2515:Mohammed cartoons 2345: 2333:comment added by 2268: 2228: 2096:Iberian peninsula 1914:emperor of Mexico 1889:Russian Civil War 1834: 1697: 1568:Battle of Poltava 1360: 1323: 1191: 1139: 877: 867:Polish-Soviet War 799: 767: 724: 715:comment added by 709: 673: 537: 440: 406: 353:supply and demand 193:England and Wales 177: 93: 92: 73: 72: 3940: 3722: 3696: 3669: 3605: 3569: 3482: 3464:isatis tinctoria 3390: 3327: 3222: 3182: 3111: 3107: 3100: 3005:crowd psychology 2972: 2818: 2738: 2710:migration period 2677: 2623: 2612: 2602: 2595: 2580: 2577: 2558: 2534: 2503:multiculturalism 2495:Nicholas Sarkozy 2435: 2328: 2272: 2232: 2148:Falkland Islands 2121:Michael Ondaatje 1869: 1830: 1809: 1693: 1689: 1686: 1681: 1664: 1660: 1653: 1572:Thirty Years War 1489: 1464: 1397: 1380:Coromandel Coast 1356: 1319: 1182: 1143: 1136:John Stuart Mill 938: 873: 797: 793: 765: 761: 754:Not necessarily. 710: 707: 703: 671: 667: 576:bipolar disorder 536: 532: 501:legally binding 439: 435: 404: 400: 378:campaign finance 293: 289: 282: 246: 242: 235: 173: 75: 34: 3948: 3947: 3943: 3942: 3941: 3939: 3938: 3937: 3709:Madagascar Plan 3694: 3566: 3534:William Wallace 3480: 3356:. I emphasise, 3323: 3249: 3213: 3128:Commissar Order 3110: 3105: 3098: 3096: 2963: 2816: 2735: 2668: 2586: 2426: 2321: 2270: 2250:Lord Foppington 2230: 2221:Carol Ann Duffy 2213: 2175:Masjid al-Haram 1860: 1857:Neal Stephenson 1800: 1687: 1684: 1679: 1663: 1658: 1651: 1649: 1644:Take a look at 1505:Estêvão da Gama 1480: 1455: 1395: 1393:in about 1955. 1282: 1264:Lord Foppington 1195:The Blake poem 1180:User:Rhinoracer 1141: 1104: 1102:Pigs in the mud 1012:J. F. C. Fuller 929: 820: 795: 763: 705: 669: 534: 437: 402: 380: 309: 292: 287: 280: 278: 245: 240: 233: 231: 106: 101: 38:Humanities desk 30: 29: 28: 12: 11: 5: 3946: 3936: 3935: 3934: 3933: 3932: 3931: 3930: 3929: 3913: 3912: 3911: 3910: 3909: 3908: 3873: 3872: 3871: 3870: 3857: 3856: 3828: 3827: 3826:and elsewhere. 3820:Einsatzgruppen 3816:Adolf Eichmann 3810: 3809: 3800: 3799: 3690:Final Solution 3681: 3680: 3679: 3678: 3677: 3676: 3656: 3655: 3654: 3653: 3632: 3631: 3613: 3612: 3565: 3562: 3561: 3560: 3559: 3558: 3557: 3556: 3555: 3554: 3553: 3552: 3521: 3520: 3519: 3518: 3517: 3516: 3515: 3514: 3492: 3491: 3490: 3489: 3488: 3487: 3429: 3428: 3427: 3426: 3425: 3424: 3423: 3422: 3401: 3400: 3399: 3398: 3373: 3372: 3322: 3319: 3318: 3317: 3291: 3290: 3289: 3288: 3253:Judaic prophet 3248: 3245: 3229: 3228: 3227: 3226: 3209: 3191: 3190: 3171: 3170: 3123: 3122: 3121: 3120: 3119: 3118: 3117: 3116: 3115: 3114: 3113: 3112: 3102: 3093:The Third Wave 3078: 3077: 3076: 3075: 3074: 3073: 3072: 3071: 3070: 3069: 3068: 3067: 3066: 3065: 3029: 3028: 3027: 3026: 3025: 3024: 3023: 3022: 3021: 3020: 3019: 3018: 3017: 3016: 3009:Gustave le Bon 2987: 2986: 2985: 2984: 2983: 2982: 2981: 2980: 2979: 2978: 2977: 2976: 2959: 2924: 2923: 2922: 2921: 2920: 2919: 2918: 2917: 2916: 2915: 2887: 2886: 2885: 2884: 2883: 2882: 2881: 2880: 2855: 2854: 2853: 2852: 2851: 2850: 2826: 2825: 2824: 2823: 2792:Einsatzgruppen 2777: 2776: 2745:86.153.161.140 2734: 2731: 2730: 2729: 2728: 2727: 2726: 2725: 2688: 2687: 2686: 2685: 2684: 2683: 2682: 2681: 2655: 2654: 2653: 2652: 2651: 2650: 2649: 2648: 2647: 2646: 2645: 2644: 2643: 2642: 2641: 2640: 2639: 2638: 2545: 2544: 2543: 2542: 2521: 2520: 2519: 2518: 2487:European Union 2479: 2478: 2477: 2476: 2465:Niall Ferguson 2453: 2452: 2451: 2450: 2440: 2439: 2402: 2393: 2389: 2386:Eastern europe 2381: 2366: 2360:is overtaking 2358:City of London 2350: 2320: 2317: 2316: 2315: 2314: 2313: 2312: 2311: 2284: 2283: 2282: 2281: 2261: 2260: 2246: 2212: 2209: 2208: 2207: 2206: 2205: 2204: 2203: 2202: 2201: 2163:Ethiopian Jews 2159: 2142:still has the 2124: 2117:Burgher people 2088: 2065: 2029:Sydney Harbour 2022: 2021: 2020: 2019: 2018: 2017: 1997: 1996: 1995: 1994: 1969: 1968: 1931: 1930: 1929: 1928: 1904: 1903: 1876: 1875: 1874: 1873: 1849: 1816: 1815: 1814: 1813: 1757: 1756: 1755: 1754: 1753: 1752: 1751: 1750: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1726: 1725: 1724: 1704: 1703: 1702: 1701: 1669: 1668: 1655: 1641: 1640: 1639: 1638: 1637: 1636: 1635: 1634: 1613: 1612: 1611: 1610: 1609: 1608: 1589: 1588: 1587: 1586: 1561: 1560: 1436: 1435: 1434: 1433: 1432: 1431: 1405: 1404: 1403: 1402: 1383: 1365: 1364: 1350:private parts. 1344: 1343: 1328: 1327: 1301:British Empire 1281: 1278: 1277: 1276: 1275: 1274: 1257: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1243: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1229: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1215: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1201: 1200: 1176: 1175: 1174: 1173: 1153: 1152: 1132:Thomas Carlyle 1128:Jeremy Bentham 1124:Utilitarianism 1103: 1100: 1099: 1098: 1097: 1096: 1079: 1078: 1024:The Future War 1000:The Future War 992:Mikhail Frunze 981:best commander 972: 971: 970: 969: 943: 942: 911:I am not a dog 892:scorched earth 884: 883: 882: 881: 860: 859: 819: 816: 815: 814: 813: 812: 811: 810: 809: 808: 807: 806: 805: 804: 803: 802: 801: 800: 790: 729: 728: 727: 726: 725: 682: 675: 674: 663: 656: 624:secret ballots 612: 611: 610: 609: 608: 568: 567: 566: 540: 539: 529: 526: 487: 468: 445: 444: 443: 442: 432: 428: 408: 407: 396: 392: 379: 376: 375: 374: 373: 372: 308: 305: 304: 303: 302: 301: 300: 299: 298: 297: 284: 275: 251: 250: 237: 228:Flag of Hawaii 223: 222: 221: 220: 219: 218: 217: 216: 159: 158: 157: 156: 141: 140: 110:United Kingdom 105: 102: 100: 97: 95: 91: 90: 82: 81: 71: 70: 64: 48: 41: 40: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3945: 3928: 3925: 3921: 3920: 3919: 3918: 3917: 3916: 3915: 3914: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3898:Clio the Muse 3895: 3891: 3890:concentration 3887: 3883: 3879: 3878: 3877: 3876: 3875: 3874: 3869: 3866: 3861: 3860: 3859: 3858: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3846:Clio the Muse 3842: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3812: 3811: 3807: 3802: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3756: 3755: 3754: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3744:Clio the Muse 3740: 3739: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3721: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3706: 3701: 3700: 3697: 3691: 3687: 3675: 3672: 3666: 3662: 3661: 3660: 3659: 3658: 3657: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3639:extermination 3636: 3635: 3634: 3633: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3619: 3615: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3602: 3597: 3593: 3592: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3530: 3529: 3528: 3527: 3526: 3525: 3524: 3523: 3522: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3504:Clio the Muse 3500: 3499: 3498: 3497: 3496: 3495: 3494: 3493: 3486: 3483: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3440: 3439:Bello Gallico 3435: 3434: 3433: 3432: 3431: 3430: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3408: 3407: 3406: 3405: 3404: 3403: 3402: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3388:Major Bonkers 3385: 3381: 3377: 3376: 3375: 3374: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3346: 3345: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3334:129.81.72.232 3331: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3297: 3293: 3292: 3286: 3285: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3271: 3270: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3254: 3251:Which of the 3244: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3225: 3220: 3216: 3215:Relata refero 3210: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3199:Clio the Muse 3195: 3194: 3193: 3192: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3180:Major Bonkers 3177: 3176:Norman Davies 3173: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3155: 3154: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3144:Clio the Muse 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3109: 3108: 3101: 3099:Corvus cornix 3094: 3091:There's also 3090: 3089: 3088: 3087: 3086: 3085: 3084: 3083: 3082: 3081: 3080: 3079: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3055:Clio the Muse 3052: 3048: 3043: 3042: 3041: 3040: 3039: 3038: 3037: 3036: 3035: 3034: 3033: 3032: 3031: 3030: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3001: 3000: 2999: 2998: 2997: 2996: 2995: 2994: 2993: 2992: 2991: 2990: 2989: 2988: 2975: 2970: 2966: 2965:Relata refero 2960: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2935: 2934: 2933: 2932: 2931: 2930: 2929: 2928: 2927: 2926: 2925: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2905:Clio the Muse 2901: 2897: 2896: 2895: 2894: 2893: 2892: 2891: 2890: 2889: 2888: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2862: 2861: 2860: 2859: 2858: 2857: 2856: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2832: 2831: 2830: 2829: 2828: 2827: 2822: 2819: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2802:, and in the 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2780: 2779: 2778: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2758: 2757: 2756: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2711: 2707: 2706:out of Africa 2703: 2699: 2694: 2693: 2692: 2691: 2690: 2689: 2680: 2675: 2671: 2670:Relata refero 2666: 2663: 2662: 2661: 2660: 2659: 2658: 2657: 2656: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2622: 2621: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2610:Major Bonkers 2607: 2603:<sigh: --> 2601: 2600: 2598: 2593: 2589: 2588:Relata refero 2584: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2557: 2556: 2555: 2554: 2553: 2552: 2551: 2550: 2549: 2548: 2547: 2546: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2532:Major Bonkers 2529: 2525: 2524: 2523: 2522: 2516: 2512: 2511:Theo van Gogh 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2483: 2482: 2481: 2480: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2457: 2456: 2455: 2454: 2448: 2444: 2443: 2442: 2441: 2438: 2433: 2429: 2428:Relata refero 2424: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2398:George Borjas 2394: 2390: 2387: 2382: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2348: 2347: 2346: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2335:81.96.161.104 2332: 2325: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2289: 2288: 2287: 2286: 2285: 2280: 2276: 2273: 2265: 2264: 2263: 2262: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2242: 2241: 2240: 2236: 2233: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2157: 2156:French Guiana 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2069:globalisation 2066: 2063: 2062: 2061: 2060: 2059: 2058: 2057: 2056: 2055: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2037:HMAS Kuttabul 2034: 2030: 2026: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2007:Clio the Muse 2003: 2002: 2001: 2000: 1999: 1998: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1972: 1971: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1958:Clio the Muse 1955: 1951: 1950: 1949: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1908: 1907: 1906: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1881: 1880: 1872: 1867: 1863: 1862:Relata refero 1858: 1854: 1853:Baroque cycle 1850: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1838: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1828:Major Bonkers 1825: 1821: 1820: 1819: 1812: 1807: 1803: 1802:Relata refero 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1785: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1758: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1736: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1732: 1731: 1730: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1714:Clio the Muse 1710: 1709: 1708: 1707: 1706: 1705: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1691: 1690: 1682: 1673: 1672: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1662: 1661: 1654: 1652:Corvus cornix 1647: 1643: 1642: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1624:Clio the Muse 1621: 1620: 1619: 1618: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1614: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1594: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1590: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1576:Clio the Muse 1573: 1569: 1565: 1564: 1563: 1562: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1542: 1541: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1527: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1493: 1492: 1487: 1483: 1482:Relata refero 1478: 1473: 1472:Gauls of Asia 1468: 1467: 1462: 1458: 1457:Relata refero 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1411: 1410: 1409: 1408: 1407: 1406: 1401: 1398: 1392: 1391:Grand Fenwick 1388: 1387:United States 1384: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1368: 1367: 1366: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1354:Major Bonkers 1351: 1346: 1345: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1329: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1317:Major Bonkers 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1297: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1287: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1260: 1259: 1258: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1244: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1230: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1193: 1192: 1190: 1187:was added at 1186: 1181: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1157: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1151: 1147: 1144: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1120: 1119: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1086:Clio the Muse 1083: 1082: 1081: 1080: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1064: 1063: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1053:Clio the Muse 1048: 1047: 1042: 1040: 1039: 1032: 1028: 1025: 1021: 1015: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 984: 982: 978: 968: 964: 960: 956: 954: 947: 946: 945: 944: 941: 936: 932: 931:Relata refero 927: 923: 922: 921: 920: 916: 912: 908: 907:cannon fodder 904: 900: 896: 893: 889: 880: 876: 872: 871:Major Bonkers 868: 864: 863: 862: 861: 858: 854: 850: 846: 841: 837: 836: 835: 834: 830: 826: 791: 788: 784: 783: 782: 778: 774: 769: 768: 759: 755: 752: 751: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 731:Oh, and it's 730: 722: 718: 714: 700: 699: 698: 697: 696: 692: 688: 683: 681: 677: 676: 664: 660: 657: 654: 650: 645: 641: 640: 639: 638: 637: 633: 629: 625: 620: 616: 613: 607: 603: 599: 595: 594: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 542: 541: 530: 527: 524: 523: 518: 517: 512: 511: 506: 505: 500: 499: 494: 493: 488: 485: 484: 483: 482: 481: 477: 473: 469: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 450: 449: 448: 447: 446: 433: 429: 425: 424: 423: 419: 415: 410: 409: 397: 393: 391:be squelched? 390: 385: 384: 383: 371: 367: 363: 359: 354: 350: 349: 348: 344: 340: 335: 331: 326: 325: 324: 323: 319: 315: 296: 291: 290: 283: 281:Corvus cornix 276: 274: 270: 266: 263: 259: 258: 257: 256: 255: 254: 253: 252: 249: 244: 243: 236: 234:Corvus cornix 229: 225: 224: 215: 211: 207: 203: 202: 201: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 181: 180: 176: 172: 171:Major Bonkers 168: 167:Ulster banner 163: 162: 161: 160: 153: 152:theoretically 149: 145: 144: 143: 142: 138: 137: 136: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 96: 88: 84: 83: 80: 77: 76: 68: 61: 57: 53: 47: 42: 39: 35: 27: 23: 19: 3889: 3836: 3741: 3718: 3704: 3702: 3682: 3665:PeterSymonds 3638: 3601:PeterSymonds 3567: 3475: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3437: 3357: 3324: 3307:71.108.5.203 3260:71.108.5.203 3250: 3230: 3166: 3159:ordinary men 3140:Hitler Youth 3135: 3124: 3103: 3050: 3046: 2944: 2939: 2899: 2811: 2807: 2762:Bill Mauldin 2736: 2664: 2490: 2468: 2467:in his book 2425:province. -- 2414:Persian Gulf 2374:South Africa 2326: 2322: 2225:James Bulger 2214: 2211:Laundry poem 2140:British Army 2132:Central Asia 2105:oral history 2081:North Africa 2025:Fort Denison 2023: 1975: 1932: 1885:Czech Legion 1877: 1817: 1789:at this time 1680:bibliomaniac 1677: 1676: 1656: 1646:Danish India 1531:DJ Clayworth 1528: 1500: 1494: 1475: 1469: 1437: 1348: 1340: 1336: 1333:Max Hastings 1299:Most of the 1294: 1283: 1177: 1126:, are you? 1109:69.16.88.103 1105: 1068:John Spencer 1049: 1044: 1043: 1036: 1033: 1029: 1023: 1016: 999: 985: 976: 973: 950: 885: 843: 838:Look at the 825:John Spencer 821: 786: 736: 732: 717:71.100.6.147 679: 614: 580:Chaos Theory 551: 547: 543: 521: 520: 516:opinion poll 515: 514: 509: 508: 503: 502: 497: 496: 491: 490: 388: 381: 310: 285: 238: 151: 107: 94: 78: 3833:Lodz Ghetto 3719:ObiterDicta 3570:—Preceding 3328:—Preceding 2949:79.66.2.176 2739:—Preceding 2627:79.66.2.176 2565:79.66.2.176 2499:Donald Tusk 2473:Brain drain 2410:third world 2370:brain drain 2362:Wall Street 2329:—Preceding 2101:first Fleet 2092:Phoenicians 2077:Congo River 2041:HMAS Sydney 1918:Adam Bishop 1842:G. A. Henty 1421:Adam Bishop 1183:—Preceding 1159:Animal Farm 926:Great Purge 773:Malcolm XIV 741:Malcolm XIV 737:faired best 711:—Preceding 687:Malcolm XIV 556:Malcolm XIV 362:AllanHainey 314:Halcatalyst 118:New Zealand 3643:Karl Hanke 3618:Neuengamme 3576:Karl Hanke 3450:, and his 3234:Flamarande 2526:See also: 2301:BrainyBabe 2217:Jackie Kay 2191:BrainyBabe 1775:Milkbreath 1376:Tranquebar 1197:Rhinoracer 1004:Blitzkrieg 895:withdrawal 787:consistent 733:fared best 522:voter pole 510:voter pole 395:necessary? 197:Algebraist 26:Humanities 3788:Treblinka 3786:camps of 3725:pleadings 3714:Palestine 3621:Lisa4edit 3412:SaundersW 3362:SaundersW 3051:laughable 2870:Ironholds 2800:Waffen-SS 2788:Wehrmacht 2715:Lisa4edit 2698:Lisa4edit 2423:Chihuahua 2418:Nicaragua 2171:Jerusalem 2113:Sri Lanka 2085:North Sea 1793:Tennessee 1598:SaundersW 1550:SaundersW 1331:PS: from 1163:Mad031683 903:Leningrad 849:Lisa4edit 758:dithering 628:Lisa4edit 617:At least 570:Or maybe 507:. Hence, 472:Lisa4edit 458:Lisa4edit 454:recounted 414:Lisa4edit 339:Lisa4edit 265:Mhicaoidh 206:AndyJones 114:Australia 50:<< 3824:Babi Yar 3780:Majdanek 3776:Stutthof 3584:contribs 3572:unsigned 3472:Boadicea 3378:No, not 3330:unsigned 2814:(2001). 2798:and the 2784:genocide 2741:unsigned 2583:this one 2491:de facto 2331:unsigned 2327:Thanks 2045:JackofOz 1893:Mwalcoff 1824:Flashman 1444:Augustus 888:Red Army 713:unsigned 659:"Poles" 653:homeless 651:and the 649:foodless 644:genocide 598:Adaptron 358:peak oil 126:Shniken1 46:April 30 24:‎ | 22:Archives 20:‎ | 3924:Kpalion 3865:Kpalion 3796:Sobibor 3772:Kulmhof 3733:appeals 3460:glastum 3380:Mycenae 3350:Boudica 2804:Gestapo 2794:of the 2766:llywrch 2401:future. 2107:of the 1980:Normans 1797:Florida 1762:Mongkut 1517:llywrch 1513:Sabeans 1497:Nobatia 1378:on the 1337:Nemesis 1185:comment 977:utterly 959:llywrch 504:opinion 399:pole? 330:futures 108:If the 89:pages. 3837:ad hoc 3792:Belzec 3729:errata 3703:As to 3542:Gwinva 3538:Bridge 3476:vitrum 3468:vitrum 3456:Vitrum 3452:vitrum 3444:Caesar 3392:(talk) 3184:(talk) 3047:horrid 2838:. -- 2614:(talk) 2536:(talk) 2469:Empire 2406:Kerala 2392:think. 2365:Union. 2183:Sweden 2179:Somali 2167:Israel 2136:Angola 2128:Stalin 1984:Jørgen 1939:Jørgen 1832:(talk) 1740:Jørgen 1452:Cochin 1358:(talk) 1321:(talk) 1038:Pravda 899:Moscow 875:(talk) 840:Russia 735:, not 175:(talk) 155:cross. 122:Hawaii 3446:says 3384:Iceni 3219:disp. 2969:disp. 2900:silly 2674:disp. 2592:disp. 2432:disp. 2378:India 2295:, or 2275:renjc 2245:case. 2235:renjc 2152:Hmong 1866:disp. 1855:from 1806:disp. 1515:. -- 1486:disp. 1461:disp. 1146:renjc 935:disp. 662:best. 582:. -- 572:Poles 334:Forex 189:Union 104:Flags 99:May 1 69:: --> 67:May 2 63:: --> 62:: --> 44:< 16:< 3902:talk 3884:and 3850:talk 3794:and 3770:and 3748:talk 3670:talk 3647:talk 3625:talk 3606:talk 3580:talk 3546:talk 3508:talk 3416:talk 3366:talk 3354:woad 3338:talk 3311:talk 3279:talk 3275:Wrad 3264:talk 3238:talk 3203:talk 3148:talk 3106:talk 3059:talk 3053:!) 3011:and 2953:talk 2909:talk 2874:talk 2844:talk 2770:talk 2749:talk 2719:talk 2702:talk 2631:talk 2569:talk 2497:and 2461:Clio 2354:H1-B 2339:talk 2305:talk 2254:talk 2195:talk 2187:Sami 2090:The 2049:talk 2011:talk 1988:talk 1976:that 1962:talk 1943:talk 1922:talk 1897:talk 1859:. -- 1799:. -- 1795:and 1779:talk 1744:talk 1718:talk 1659:talk 1628:talk 1602:talk 1580:talk 1554:talk 1535:talk 1521:talk 1470:The 1448:Here 1440:Saka 1425:talk 1315:. -- 1288:and 1268:talk 1167:talk 1113:talk 1090:talk 1072:talk 1057:talk 1014:. 1010:and 963:talk 928:. -- 915:talk 853:talk 829:talk 796:Taxa 777:talk 764:Taxa 745:talk 721:talk 706:Taxa 691:talk 670:Taxa 632:talk 602:talk 588:talk 560:talk 550:are 548:poll 546:and 544:Pole 535:Taxa 513:and 492:vote 476:talk 462:talk 438:Taxa 418:talk 403:Taxa 366:talk 343:talk 318:talk 288:talk 269:talk 241:talk 226:See 210:talk 185:Acts 165:the 130:talk 3705:why 3695:Xn4 3540:. 3481:Xn4 3258:?-- 3095:. 2945:why 2940:did 2836:era 2817:Xn4 2219:or 2165:to 1768:to 1764:'s 1648:. 1396:Xn4 1389:by 1374:at 1161:? 909:). 760:. 552:not 498:not 389:not 187:of 124:?-- 60:Jun 56:May 52:Apr 3904:) 3852:) 3790:, 3750:) 3731:• 3727:• 3723:( 3692:. 3667:| 3649:) 3627:) 3603:| 3586:) 3582:• 3548:) 3510:) 3442:, 3418:) 3382:, 3368:) 3340:) 3313:) 3305:-- 3281:) 3266:) 3240:) 3212:-- 3205:) 3150:) 3061:) 2955:) 2911:) 2876:) 2846:) 2796:SS 2772:) 2751:) 2721:) 2633:) 2571:) 2530:-- 2517:). 2463:! 2341:) 2307:) 2271:Ka 2256:) 2231:Ka 2197:) 2051:) 2013:) 1990:) 1964:) 1945:) 1924:) 1899:) 1781:) 1773:-- 1746:) 1720:) 1630:) 1604:) 1582:) 1556:) 1537:) 1523:) 1479:-- 1427:) 1352:-- 1335:' 1303:? 1270:) 1169:) 1142:Ka 1115:) 1092:) 1074:) 1059:) 965:) 917:) 901:, 855:) 831:) 794:-- 779:) 762:-- 747:) 723:) 704:-- 693:) 668:-- 634:) 604:) 590:) 562:) 533:-- 478:) 464:) 436:-- 420:) 401:-- 368:) 360:. 345:) 320:) 312:-- 271:) 212:) 132:) 116:, 58:| 54:| 3900:( 3848:( 3808:. 3798:. 3746:( 3735:) 3645:( 3623:( 3578:( 3544:( 3506:( 3414:( 3364:( 3336:( 3309:( 3301:= 3298:" 3294:" 3277:( 3262:( 3236:( 3221:) 3217:( 3201:( 3146:( 3057:( 2971:) 2967:( 2951:( 2907:( 2872:( 2842:( 2768:( 2747:( 2717:( 2700:( 2676:) 2672:( 2629:( 2594:) 2590:( 2567:( 2475:. 2449:. 2434:) 2430:( 2337:( 2303:( 2252:( 2193:( 2123:. 2087:. 2047:( 2009:( 1986:( 1960:( 1941:( 1920:( 1895:( 1868:) 1864:( 1848:! 1808:) 1804:( 1777:( 1742:( 1716:( 1688:5 1685:1 1626:( 1600:( 1578:( 1552:( 1533:( 1519:( 1488:) 1484:( 1463:) 1459:( 1423:( 1266:( 1165:( 1111:( 1088:( 1070:( 1055:( 961:( 937:) 933:( 913:( 851:( 827:( 775:( 743:( 719:( 689:( 655:. 630:( 600:( 586:( 558:( 474:( 460:( 416:( 364:( 341:( 316:( 267:( 208:( 128:(

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