Winston Churchill in politics, 1900–1939

1975: 2461:, and Sinclair met with Baldwin and were told officially of the King's intention and asked whether they would form an administration if Baldwin and the National Government resigned should the King not take the Ministry's advice. Both Attlee and Sinclair said they would not take office if invited to do so. Churchill's reply was that his attitude was a little different but he would support the government. One reason why Churchill was invited to a meeting otherwise attended only by the leaders of the three political parties was that at the time of the Crisis Churchill was seen as an alternative leader. As Lord Beaverbrook wrote "he has emerged as a leader of a big armaments anti-German movement in politics, hostile to the Government". 703:. In it he argued for maintaining much of the social order and for gradualism in reform. He wanted to make the existing society work better and more humanely so as to preserve it better. Churchill, it was said, wanted a society where the upper class remained in control, distributing benefits to a grateful and industrious working class. He was then compared with Lloyd George who was seen as Churchill's mentor and from whom Churchill learned much, but who, unlike Churchill, wanted to change some of the fundamental structures of society. Churchill was one of very few Liberals who pressed for the expansion of the House of Lords whether or not the Parliament Act was passed. 1561:'s forces to the east. In May after failing to get Cabinet approval to expand the British-Slavo Legion, he decided this was a purely War Office decision, expanded the Legion, and reported this to the Cabinet, which merely 'noted' the matter. In July, when Kolchak's force was retreating rapidly, he told the cabinet that a White defeat would allow the Bolsheviks to threaten Poland, Romania, and Czechoslovakia. From then until the final evacuation, Churchill continued to argue for support for the White forces. In 1920, after the last British forces had been withdrawn, Churchill was instrumental in having arms sent to the Poles when they invaded 1271:, the Commander in the Aegean, he tabled his plan for forcing the Straits by naval bombardment at a further meeting of the Council in January 1915. He had not sought the view of the Naval Staff, and those senior naval officers with whom he had discussed the plan were dubious or opposed to the scheme. The concept was flawed. The first attacks by the Navy in February 1915 were successful but were not pressed home (partly because of bad weather) and no troops were available to secure the gains made. Instead marines blew up the outer forts, which were reoccupied and rebuilt when the marines left. The War Council had discussed using the 1784:. While he was still in hospital, Lloyd George resigned as prime minister with a general election to be held on 15 November. Churchill was not sufficiently well to travel to his constituency in Dundee until 11 November, causing him great difficulties campaigning. Once there he was still not sufficiently well to stand to address an audience, but had to address meetings where he was heckled and unable to finish speaking. Clementine travelled to the constituency earlier with other friends, but generally the campaign was poorly managed in Churchill's absence. 212: 2146: 931:), he campaigned for the Bill by speeches in Ulster and England and open letters. In a 1912 speech on the floor of the House of Commons, Winston spoke of Irish in favourable terms as an "ancient people, famous in history, influential all over the English speaking world, whose blood has been shed on our battlefields, whose martial qualities have adorned our ensign...". His support for the Home Rule Bill caused anger among the Unionists because Lord Randolph had been the champion of Ulster against 2238:, Churchill's first volume of his history of World War II, he records Baldwin "admitting to putting party before country" for his alleged admission that he would not have won the 1935 election if he had pursued a more aggressive policy of rearmament. Churchill selectively quotes a speech in the Commons by Baldwin and gives the false impression that Baldwin is speaking of the general election when he was speaking of a by-election in 1933, and omits altogether Baldwin's actual comments about the 1913:

pre-war conditions in which he believed. Writing about the events in his biography of Churchill, Roy Jenkins argued that, although Churchill had challenged the proposal to return to the gold standard in the face of almost unanimous political and institutional demand, he had possibly been the only person who could have prevented the enactment of the return to the gold standard legislation at this late stage and its consequences, so ultimate responsibility remained with him for the decision.

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Conservative backbenchers staged a walkout once while he was speaking. and many were personally hostile to him. His own constituency effectively deselected him, the Conservative Association passing a resolution that he "had forfeited their confidence in him." Oldham was an important cotton-spinning centre whose electorate favoured the Unionist policy of Protectionism, which advocated duties on cheap foreign textiles. He continued to sit for Oldham until the next general election.

483: 1341:, the Times correspondent there to publish the reports of the lack of shells. James discounts this argument. On 15 May Fisher resigned as First Sea Lord. He presented the Cabinet with a list of demands; if these were satisfied he would return to office. The first of these was that Churchill would be dismissed from Cabinet altogether. Fisher's demands were extreme, the King saying that Fisher should be hung from the yardarm, but his resignation precipitated a Cabinet crisis. 712: 2138:, especially after Gandhi "stood up for the untouchables", at a meeting of the West Essex Conservative Association specially convened so Churchill could explain his position he said, "It is alarming and also nauseating to see Mr Gandhi, a seditious Middle-Temple lawyer, now posing as a fakir of a type well-known in the East, striding half-naked up the steps of the Vice-regal palace... to parley on equal terms with the representative of the King-Emperor." He called the 1462:) played in this but does not disclose that Guest was Churchill's cousin. This episode, with its behind-the-scenes negotiations, shows how unpopular Churchill remained at this stage. As Minister, Churchill reorganised the department, arbitrated between the various services' demands for weapons, and repeated his advocacy for tanks, but most of his work was administering an already functioning department. He was a "competent, energetic, and efficient" minister. 1301:(Carden's chief of staff) believed that with destroyers fitted for minesweeping, and with naval personnel manning the trawlers, the mines could have been removed. These improvements were carried out, but never tried against the defences. It was also reported at the time that the defences were short of ammunition, and now seems likely that at least some of guns, particularly the largest, would have been forced to cease firing the following day. 1109:(Chief of Naval Intelligence) as his secretary, and spent the afternoon touring the defences under shellfire. He wore undress Trinity House uniform. Churchill soon came to an arrangement with the Belgians that they would hold out provided the British sent substantial reinforcements. He asked for the two naval brigades, "minus recruits". On 4 October Churchill offered to resign from the Cabinet and take personal command of the newly formed 1309:

Constantinople. But it is even more likely that had the Fleet been properly equipped with spotter planes and destroyer minesweepers, the attack on 18 March would have been successful. It is almost certain that a Fleet so equipped and supported by the four divisions made available in April would have cleared the Strait with almost no loss. As the minister responsible, Churchill was the one who did not provide the resources needed.

1063: 474:, who had known Lord Randolph, reviewed the book as "a clever, tactful, and rather cheap and vulgar life of that clever, tactful, and rather cheap and vulgar egotist". Historians suggest Churchill used the book in part to vindicate his own career and in particular to justify crossing the floor. Churchill himself later wrote that studying his father's life was a major cause of his disenchantment with the Conservatives. 1002:) then under construction in Britain. Although this decision was probably a wise one, the way the order was carried out was not. The ships were boarded without negotiations with Turkey or compensation, and the British placed guards on one of the battleships to prevent Turkish sailors from boarding. The order probably helped propel Turkey into alliance with Germany. (Two German warships arriving in Turkey, the 1667:

occupied after World War I. Most of these riots were against the British occupation. Churchill did not want to give the complete independence that some of the Arabs had been promised. Rather, his aims were to reduce the British forces in the region and to ensure that British interests, particularly in the air route to India and the oil fields, were protected. The local population was a less important issue.

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reason as concerns over what would happen if his ships succeeded in clearing a way through the strait, but then became trapped in the Sea of Marmora without any troops to occupy captured territory. Churchill had anticipated the loss of ships: the battleships were mainly chosen because they were obsolete and unfit to face modern German ships, and he believed that the attack should have continued. Commodore

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Scrymgeour and Morel won, with Churchill relegated to fourth place behind his running mate. Churchill quipped later that he left Dundee "without an office, without a seat, without a party, and without an appendix". The result of the general election was the first non-coalition Conservative government since 1900. The Liberal Party never recovered the position in politics which it had once enjoyed.

695:"All civilisation," said Lord Curzon quoting Renan, "is the work of aristocracies." They liked that in Oldham. There was not a duke, not an earl, not a marquis, not a viscount in Oldham who did not think that a compliment had been paid to him. "All civilisation is the work of aristocracies." It would be more true to say "The upkeep of aristocracies has been the hard work of all civilisations." 25: 2465:

Thanks, he made a declaration 'on the spur of the moment' asking for delay before any decision was made by either the King or his Cabinet. Others including Citrine, who chaired the meeting, wrote that Churchill did not make such a speech. Later that night, Churchill saw the draft of the King's proposed wireless broadcast, and spoke with Beaverbrook and the King's solicitor about it.

2281:. Historians also dispute his motives in maintaining his opposition. Some see him as trying to destabilise the National Government. In this they follow Amery (see above) and Lloyd George, who believed that with MacDonald ill and Churchill leading the Conservative right-wing, Baldwin would have to form a new Coalition in which both he and Churchill would have had key ministries. 778:. In particular, Churchill forbade the use of troops as strike breakers. There was no massacre—but one coal miner was killed. Churchill considered the military solution to have been effective, and increasingly made use of Army units in disturbances, but to his surprise they did not always show the same restraint and fairness as they had shown at Tonypandy. On 9 November, the 826:

1899. He escaped after 28 days and the media, and his own book, made him a national hero overnight. He later wrote, "I certainly hated my captivity more than I have ever hated any other in my whole life....Looking back on those days I've always felt the keenest pity for prisoners and captives." As Home Secretary he was in charge of the nation's penal system. Biographer

1502:, a principle that allowed the Treasury to dominate and control strategic, foreign, and financial policies under the assumption that "there would be no great European war for the next five or ten years". He substantially reduced the RAF—so that it would have four Home and eighteen Imperial squadrons, and he rejected proposals for government support of civil aviation. 2343:: "I hope we shall try in England to understand the position of Japan an ancient state.... On the one side they have the dark menace of Soviet Russia. On the other the chaos of China four or five provinces of which are being tortured under Communist rule". In contemporary newspaper articles he referred to the Spanish Republican government as a Communist front, and 547:

accepted guides of a Party which though a minority in this House, nevertheless embodies nearly half the nation. I will ask them seriously whether they will not pause before they commit themselves to violent or rash denunciation of this great arrangement...with all our majority we can only make it a gift of a Party, they can make it the gift of England.

1893:, were encouraged to argue out their case with Niemeyer and Bradbury. The dinner continued into the early hours of the morning but, in the end, Keynes's academic arguments proved unconvincing, and McKenna conceded that Churchill had little political choice except to return to gold. This decision later prompted Keynes to write 2422:

been a political situation so intense as to enforce remedial action." As it was the meeting achieved little, Baldwin arguing that the Government was doing all it could given the anti-war feeling of the electorate but it showed that more Conservatives shared Churchill's views—he was less isolated then he had been earlier.

691:, where it was subsequently vetoed. The Liberals than fought and won two general elections in January and December 1910 to gain a mandate for their reforms. In these campaigns which resulted in the curbing of the Lords' veto by the Parliament Act, Churchill was again to the fore, adding humour in his speeches: 2493:

Churchill later sought to portray himself as an isolated voice warning of the need to rearm against Germany. While it is true that he had little following in the House of Commons during much of the 1930s, he was given considerable privileges by the government. The "Churchill group" in the latter half

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Churchill's first major speech on defence on 7 February 1934 stressed the need to rebuild the Royal Air Force and to create a Ministry of Defence; his second, on 13 July, urged a renewed role for the League of Nations. These three topics remained his themes until early 1936. In 1935 he was one of the

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was the first to so agitate and he continued to lobby post 1930 for improvement to the Armed force and the Air Force in particular. Churchill also tried to portray himself as warning against German rearmament as early as 1930 and as opposing what he saw as British disarmament at and before that time.

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There were two incidents which damaged Churchill's reputation greatly within the Conservative Party in the period. Both were seen at the time as attacks on the Conservative leadership and as an attempt to undermine those Conservatives—and Baldwin in particular - who supported granting Dominion status

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Churchill's other main concern while Colonial Secretary was the Middle East. He wanted Egypt (then administered by the Foreign Office) to be brought under his department's control. He was faced with continuing riots and communal violence in those parts of the former Ottoman Empire that British forces

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During Churchill's time on the Dardanelles Committee he was the sole Liberal supporter of Lloyd George's campaign for conscription. This served to separate him further from the majority of the Liberal Party without healing his breach with the Conservatives, though many of them supported conscription.

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says. "More than any other Home Secretary of the 20th century, Churchill was the prisoner's friend. He arrived at the Home Office with the firm conviction that the penal system was excessively harsh". He worked to reduce the number sent to prison in the first place, shorten their terms, and make life

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remarked, "He and a photographer were both risking valuable lives. I understand what the photographer was doing but what was the Right Honourable gentleman doing?" The significance was that the whole highly publicised affair increased Churchill's already incipient reputation for being a frenetic and

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There is a higher authority which we should earnestly desire to obtain. I make no appeal, but I address myself particularly to the Hon. gentlemen opposite, who are long versed in public affairs, and who will not be able all their lives to escape from a heavy South African responsibility. They are the

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movement gained strength splitting the Conservative-Unionist alliance. Churchill's attacks on the Conservatives continued on a number of topics, his dissatisfaction had many causes. His dissatisfaction grew, he made personal attacks on some of the leaders, including Chamberlain, and was reciprocated;

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to expand the army to six corps, three of which would be free to form an expeditionary force overseas. Churchill had prepared his speech for over six weeks and spoke for an hour without notes. The speech showed his rhetorical powers and was compared by commentators at the time to that of his father's

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in December 1900 and instead embarked on a speaking tour throughout Britain and the United States. With the success of his tour and through his prolific writing in various journals and books, he earned £10,000 for himself in 1899 and 1900 (equivalent to around £500,000 in 2001). Members of Parliament

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and had played a major part in formulating the policy of "Tory Democracy", though he had chosen a career in the army for Churchill. After a few years of army life Churchill came to realise that he could not hope to support himself on army pay, and writing remained his main source of income throughout

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Harold Nicolson's letter to his wife on 13 March summed up the situation: "If we send an ultimatum to Germany she ought in all reason to climb down. But then she will not climb down and we shall have war.... The people of this country absolutely refuse to have a war. We would be faced with a general

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One unresolved issue is the amount of Churchill's involvement with the King's address, the first draft of which the Cabinet refused to let the King air—it was rightly said to be the King seeking to appeal to the people against the Ministry. The King (by then Duke of Windsor) acknowledged Churchill's

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On 4 December, he met with the King and again urged delay in any decision about abdication. On 5 December, he issued a lengthy statement implying that the Ministry was applying unconstitutional pressure on the King to force him to make a hasty decision. On 7 December, he tried to address the Commons

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In June 1936 Churchill organised a deputation of senior Conservatives who shared his concern to see Baldwin, Chamberlain, and Halifax. He had tried to include delegates from the other two parties, and later wrote "If the leaders of the Labour and Liberal oppositions had come with us there might have

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was a great general—too bad he was cruel', when the likelihood is that Hannibal was great in part because he was cruel. So here we have to consider the probability that Churchill was great in 1940 in part because he was too pugnacious, stubborn, deluded, and conservative (in the deepest sense) to be

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In Parliament on 26 January 1931, he attacked the Government's policy, saying that the Round Table Conference "was a frightful prospect" and that he would support "effective and real organisms of provisional and local government in the provinces." He returned to the Parliamentary attack on 13 March.

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measures which, even given the consensus at the time that the budgets should be balanced, were attacked as assisting the generally prosperous rentier banking and salaried classes (to which Churchill and his associates generally belonged) at the expense of manufacturers and exporters which were known

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Churchill later regarded this as the greatest mistake of his life; in discussions with McKenna, he acknowledged that the return to the gold standard and the resulting 'dear money' policy was economically bad. In those discussions, he maintained the policy as fundamentally political — a return to the

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in dealing with armed gangs. He initially advocated the military defeat of the IRA and its supporters. By summer 1921, however, as the Colonial Secretary he was pressing for negotiations. His desired negotiating position was to offer a measure of Irish self-government from a position of strength: he

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took over and pressed a further attack on 18 March, but this failed when the trawler minesweepers crewed by Royal Naval Volunteer Reserves (i.e. civilian seamen) came under attack and then the battleships ran into a mine field (three were sunk). De Robeck did not repeat the attacks, later giving his

396:, whose party was in coalition with the Conservatives. Chamberlain proposed extensive tariffs intended to protect Britain's economic dominance. Churchill then and later supported free trade. In this he was supported by Lord Hugh and other Conservatives, including the then Chancellor of the Exchequer 2502:. It was isolated from the other main factions within the Conservative Party pressing for faster rearmament and a stronger foreign policy. In some senses the 'exile' was more apparent then real. Churchill continued to be consulted on many matters by the government or seen as an alternative leader. 2268:

Elections, even in the most educated democracies are regarded as a misfortune and as a disturbance, of social, moral, and economic progress, even as a danger to international peace. Why at this moment should we force upon the untutored races of India that very system the inconveniences of which are

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remained apolitical, it opposed the Zionist agenda, which it called "the grasping policy of the Zionist extremists," and noted that the Palestinians "hitherto appeared to the disinterested observer to have been the victims of an unjust policy forced upon them by the British Government." Churchill's

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as a weapon against Arab and Kurdish 'insurgents'. His defenders say that what he intended was the use of generally non-lethal (tear) gas, but those gases were known to kill children and the ill. His policy was to control Iraq with the minimum expenses, so he refused to authorise projects such as a

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at the start of the war. As early as August 1914, he had ordered an appreciation of "a plan for the seizure of the Gallipoli peninsula, by a Greek army of adequate strength, with a view to admitting a British fleet to the Sea of Marmara." This was some three months before Turkey was at war and more

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called the People's Budget "a revolutionary concept" because it was the first budget in British history with the expressed intent of redistributing wealth to the British public. When the Budget was discussed in 1909 he did feel some ambiguity over it. But despite his doubts about its effectiveness,

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while opposing his policies was a failure. Churchill had prepared it in advance, he had rehearsed it before his private secretary. While the speech reads well, it was not suited to the mood of the House, and the Conservatives proclaimed that Churchill was finished. It was a failure of his technique

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only published six decades later. In the interview, he spoke candidly about his desire for "the ultimate partition of China", as "the Aryan stock is bound to triumph." He also expressed lack of concern for Russian expansion towards China and India, as "Russia has a justifiable ambition to possess a

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The abdication crisis became public in the first fortnight of December 1936. At this time Churchill publicly gave his support to the King. The first public meeting of the Arms and the Covenant Movement was on 3 December. Churchill was a major speaker and later wrote that in replying to the Vote of

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made his horse a consul"—came despite advice to Baldwin to broaden his cabinet. Historians have variously seen it as Baldwin's caution in not wanting to appoint someone as controversial as Churchill, as avoiding giving Germany any sign that the United Kingdom was preparing for war, and as avoiding

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had pressured the Manchester Chamber of Commerce to change evidence it had given to the Joint Select Committee considering the Government of India Bill in June 1933. On 18 April he successfully moved that the matter be referred to the House of Commons Privilege Committee. He tried to cross-examine

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The return to the pre-war exchange rate and to the gold standard depressed industries, the most affected being coal mining. Already suffering from declining output as shipping switched to oil, and basic British industries like cotton came under more competition in export markets, the return to the

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His attitude from August 1914 was a noble one, too noble to be wise. He cared for the success of the British aims, especially insofar as they could be achieved by the Admiralty, and for nothing else. His passion for this aim was pure, self-devoted, and all-devouring. He failed to remember he was a

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Prime Minister Asquith formed an all-party coalition government. The Conservatives demanded Churchill's demotion as the price for entry. He had little support in Cabinet or in the Liberal Party as a whole. Many thought the same as Lloyd George: that Churchill's ambition had led him to override his

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likening Churchill to a tiger which has "tasted blood" and who was hinting that he wanted other opportunities for a major field command, and that he preferred military glory to political success. By 13 October Asquith was writing of "the wicked folly of it all" and that Churchill had led "sheep to

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I have always urged fighting wars and other contentions with might and main till overwhelming victory and then extending the hand of friendship to the vanquished. Thus I have always been against the Pacifists during the quarrel and the Jingoist at its close...I thought we should have conquered the

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and on the opposite side to Churchill in the debates over the Naval Estimates. However this was a temporary tension, and the friendship persisted. Fisher remained in close touch with naval affairs after his retirement from the Admiralty in January 1910, and Churchill consulted him almost instantly

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leader criticised this decision, saying that responsibility for the "renewed rioting late last night...will lie with the Home Secretary " for countermanding the chief constable's request for troops. In spite of this, the rumour persisted that Churchill had ordered troops to attack. Britain's trade

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in Lancashire. The constituency returned two members of parliament, both Conservatives at the previous election. One of them was ill and sought to retire, and Churchill was chosen as the new candidate. However, before the election the second member died so that two new candidates stood against two

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The exchange between Churchill and Lloyd George is revealing: Churchill: "You don't care what becomes of me. You don't care if I am trampled underfoot. You don't care for my personal reputation." Lloyd George: "No. I don't care for my own at the present moment. All I care about is that we win the

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Although no subsequent political action can condone wrong deeds, history is replete with examples of men who have risen to power by employing stern, grim, and even frightful methods, but who, nevertheless when their life is revealed as a whole, have been regarded as great figures whose lives have

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had been arranged before the date of the by-election had been set but he made no attempt to change the date and his speech was seen as a part of the press barons' campaign against Baldwin. This was reinforced by Churchill's personal friendship with both, but especially with Beaverbrook, who wrote

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The landings by the ANZAC, the 29th and Royal Naval divisions, and a French division were delayed until 25 April because of lack of preparations, by which time the Turks had deployed six divisions and created barbed wire and trench defences on likely landing sites. The troops landed against heavy

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This incident revealed for the first time that Churchill was not prepared to negotiate under pressure, that while he would compromise behind the scenes and be magnanimous in victory, when confronted by a foe he stood his ground. This was an attitude he maintained through his career As he wrote in

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followed him. Suggested reasons for Churchill's changing sides have included the prospect of a ministerial post and salary, a desire to eliminate poverty, and concerns for the working class, but the immediately preceding events were the rift with the Conservative Party over trade tariffs. He may

2521:, the Secretary of State for Air, with Baldwin's approval in 1934 gave Churchill access to official and otherwise secret information. Swinton did so, knowing Churchill would remain a critic of the government but believing that an informed critic was better than one relying on rumour and hearsay. 2484:

Historians are divided about Churchill's motives in his support for Edward VIII. Some, such as A. J. P. Taylor, see it as being an attempt to 'overthrow the government of feeble men'. Others, such as James, see Churchill's motives as entirely honourable and disinterested, indicating that he felt

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saw him as trying to build a King's Party. Others like Harold Macmillan were dismayed by the damage Churchill's support for the King had done to the Arms and the Covenant Movement. Churchill himself later wrote "I was myself smitten in public opinion that it was the almost universal view that my

1487:. He was not a member of the War Cabinet, which continued until November 1919. Churchill had pressed for appointment as Minister of Defence, combining all three service departments and the Ministry of Munitions (now renamed the Ministry of Supply and with a seat in Cabinet). He was unsuccessful. 825:

The British penal system underwent a transition from harsh punishment to reform, education, and training for post-prison livelihoods. The reforms were controversial and contested; they were championed by Winston Churchill as Home Secretary. He first achieved fame as a prisoner in the Boer war in

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status to India became one of Churchill's major political focuses. Churchill was one of the founders of the India Defence League, a group dedicated to the preservation of British power in India. In speeches and press articles in this period, he forecast widespread British unemployment and civil

1495:. Churchill scrapped the system, instead releasing those who had served longest first. The soldiers' unrest was but one domestic problem: there were strikes and riots in Glasgow, and a proposed national miners strike. Churchill suggested using four divisions of the Rhine Army as strikebreakers. 1490:

His first challenge was demobilisation. He inherited a scheme whereby those men required most for industry would be demobilised first. In practice this meant that those who had served in the forces the shortest were being released from the forces first. Ex-servicemen rioted, at one time burning

338:" because the Conservative government greatly benefited from its success in the Boer war. This time he came second, pushing one of the Liberal candidates into third place, and was elected. In both of these elections, his campaign expenses were paid for by his cousin the 9th Duke of Marlborough. 2393:

in February 1936, Churchill was holidaying in Spain, and returned to a divided Britain. Labour opposition was adamant in opposing sanctions and the National Government was divided between advocates of economic sanctions and those who said that even these would lead to a humiliating backdown by

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constituency returned two members, so Scrymgeour and Morel worked in partnership, each lending his factional support to the other. Churchill was partnered by another National Liberal, but they were opposed by an Asquithian Liberal candidate following the split in the party. The result was that

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in 1897, while at home on leave from the army in India. Having discovered that the Conservative Party needed speakers, as he later commented: "I surveyed the prospect with the eye of an urchin looking through a pastrycook's window". The speech concerned the benefits to the working man of "Tory

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as Commander. He advised evacuation. Churchill bitterly opposed this. The Committee despatched Kitchener to report. He too advised evacuation. Before this took place, the Dardanelles Committee was replaced by a War Committee on 11 November. Churchill was not appointed to this committee. On 15

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Churchill continued his campaign against any further transfer of power to Indian natives. He continued to predict conflict in India and mass unemployment at home. His speeches often quoted 19th-century politicians and his own policy was to maintain the existing Raj. In pursuing this campaign

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wrote to his wife that Churchill should either give the Admiralty his full attention or leave it alone, but his "flying about and putting his finger to pies which do not concern him is bound to lead to disaster". Churchill believed that he had "special knowledge" and an ability to improvise

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Churchill was widely blamed for the fiasco. Some historians have argued that he was right in saying that had the naval attacks been pressed the Turks, short of ammunition and low in morale would have had to abandon the forts and the Fleet could have occupied the Sea of Marmora and with it

1454:. Lloyd George then asked Beaverbrook to obtain Bonar Law's agreement to Churchill's appointment (which Lloyd George had already determined upon) to the Ministry of Munitions. Bonar Law said correctly "Lloyd George's throne will shake." Churchill's own account mentions the important part 1429:

When he returned to Parliament in summer 1916 Churchill sat on the opposition benches. The opposition at this time was largely dissatisfied Conservatives who were not in the Coalition and was headed by Carson. This changed in December 1916, when Asquith resigned as prime minister being

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Churchill had become one of the most prominent members of the Government outside the Cabinet. Indeed, Campbell-Bannerman had proposed his promotion to the Cabinet while Churchill was still Undersecretary, but the King vetoed his appointment. When Campbell-Bannerman was succeeded by

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criticised the manner in which he gave it. Churchill's evidence was little and the inquiry reported to the House that there had been no breach. The report was debated on 13 June. Churchill was unable to find a single supporter in the House and the debate ended without a division.

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by Lloyd George. From then on the opposition was largely the Liberal supporters of Asquith. Churchill was a member of neither group. He was mainly occupied in giving evidence before the Dardanelles Commission, though at Balfour's request he wrote a semi-official statement on the

618:. Lloyd George, with Churchill's support wanted only four. Eventually the government ordered eight. Churchill gave speeches on this issue, referring to his father's campaign for economy, and circulated open letters to his constituents (again following his father's practice). 1921:

stating that the increased difficulties in the coal industry could be entirely explained by the "immediate and necessary effects of the return to gold". Baldwin, with Churchill's support, proposed a subsidy to the industry while a royal commission prepared a further report.

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comments that the reason he went was because "he could not resist going to see the fun himself" and that he did not issue commands. A famous photograph from the time shows Churchill at the scene, peering around a corner to view the gun battle between cornered anarchists and

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army as the "Anti red movement" and writing "revivified Fascist Spain in closest sympathy with Italy and Germany is one kind of disaster. A Communist Spain reaching its snaky tentacles through Portugal and France is another, and many will think the worse." He supported the

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arrived on 7 October to take charge. Churchill returned to London on 7 October as something of a hero, but this changed when Antwerp fell on 10 October. Around 2500 of Churchill's largely untrained troops were killed, taken prisoner or interned in the neutral Netherlands.

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As the crisis deepened, with the Ulster Volunteers drilling openly, Churchill arranged for a Royal Naval battleship squadron to cruise off Belfast without first raising the issue in Cabinet. Asquith cancelled the move two days later. The cancellation is not mentioned in

2198:"The primary issue of the by-election will be the leadership of the Conservative Party. If... (the independent candidate wins) Baldwin must go." Baldwin's position was strengthened when Duff Cooper won and when the civil disobedience campaign in India ceased with the 1537:

must be "strangled in its cradle". He secured, from a divided and loosely organised Cabinet, intensification and prolongation of the British involvement beyond the wishes of any major group in Parliament or the nation—and in the face of the bitter hostility of the

322:, who had been a friend of his father, and by a promise of a military attachment. His reputation was considerably improved by his war reports published in national newspapers, and by his own military exploits, particularly his capture by and escape from the Boers. 2322:

that Hitler and his followers would start a war as soon as possible. Beginning in 1932, when he opposed those who advocated giving Germany the right to military parity with France, Churchill spoke often of the dangers of German rearmament. Later, particularly in

1214:, which oversaw the design and construction of two prototypes, and during his period out of office he remained in close contact with the developers. By September 1916 the tank had been officially adopted by the Army and used in battle. On his appointment as 644:, which established the first minimum wage system in Britain, mandating rates for both time- and piece-work for 200,000 workers in several industries (Churchill was able to get Conservative support for this and the Bill "passed without a division.") and the 2544:, he wrote that the government was faced with a choice between "war and shame" and that, having chosen shame, would later get war on less favourable terms. Churchill's reputation was probably at its lowest point in 1937–1938, but by 1939, after Germany had 1989:. Churchill did not seek election to the Conservative Business Committee, the official leadership of the Conservative MPs. Over the next two years, Churchill became estranged from the Conservative leadership over the issues of protective tariffs and the 1917:

pre-war exchange was estimated to add up to ten per cent in costs to the industry. In July 1925 a commission of inquiry reported generally favouring the miners', rather than the mine owners' position. Attached to the report was a memorandum from Sir

1553:. In February he attempted to get American and then general Allied support for protracted large-scale intervention. In April he pushed for an offensive, rather than a defensive role for the North Russia force. Claiming the scheme was that of General 1446:. For some months Lloyd George had feared that Churchill might challenge his leadership, and after a masterly speech by Churchill in a secret session of the Commons on 10 May, Lloyd George approached him seeking his assistance. The Conservatives and 1173:

advance north; the claim that it helped hold Calais and Dunkirk when the German advance resumed is hindsight. The more damaging attack, made inside and outside the Cabinet, was that Churchill was seeking publicity instead of running his department.

1607:. In each case the rebellions were crushed by co-ordinated air force and army operations. Churchill told the Commons that whereas an army campaign in Somalia would have cost £6,000,000 the air force expedition had cost £70,000. It had involved 6 1264:

than two years before Greece entered the war. Although later in August Greece did offer to attack Turkey, the offer was not accepted by Britain due to complaints from its ally Russia, and was withdrawn before Turkey entered the war in October.

1546:

to all commanders of British forces asking whether their forces would serve overseas and particularly in Russia, whether they would serve as strikebreakers and the soldiers' attitude to trade unions. A copy was leaked to and published in the

919:. The Unionists (the Conservatives and Liberal Unionists had united in 1911) bitterly opposed this, demanding that Ulster be excluded from the Home Rule Parliament. Privately Churchill sought a compromise. Publicly (and particularly after 655:

As a Cabinet Minister he had three outstanding qualities: he worked hard, he carried his proposals through Cabinet and Parliament, and he carried his department with him. These qualities, the historian, parliamentary clerk, and politician

2426:

wrote that year that he "may still become prime minister ... Churchill's judgment is faulty, people say; he is too impetuous and 'unstable'; but most people agree that in a great upheaval he would emerge as Britain's national leader."

1313:, who served in the army at Gallipoli, described the campaign as "an immortal gamble that did not come off... Sir Winston had the one strategic idea in the war. He did not believe in throwing away masses of people to be massacred". 1279:(then in Egypt) but no decision had been made when the naval attacks began. At the time, Churchill claimed the navy could do the job alone and the troops would be needed—if at all—as an occupying force once the Straits were forced. 2133:

in January and February 1931, respectively. At both he forecast widespread unemployment into the millions and other social and economic problems in the United Kingdom if India became self-governing. Though he would come to respect

2026:

had shown close parallels to his own stand against appeasement. Both were war leaders advocating firm policies, but surrounded by an attacking public and hostile politicians. In doing so they echo public comments at the time. The

840: 1113:, which would incorporate the Marine and Naval Brigades. Kitchener wanted to commit an Anglo-French expeditionary force to secure Antwerp, and annotated the telegram to say that he was willing to appoint Churchill a temporary 896:. In 1912, in response to the German Naval Law of that year, Churchill brought forward Naval Estimates based on a principle of building two British battleships to every one German, which became known as 'two keels to one." 1815:, but over the next few months he moved towards the Conservative Party in all but name. His first electoral contest as an independent candidate, fought under the label of "Independent Anti-Socialist", was a narrow loss in 180:

After contesting two seats unsuccessfully as an independent, he was elected to Epping in 1924 with the backing of local Conservatives, officially rejoining the Conservative Party the following year. He immediately became

2636:(who was also an MP and Churchill's first cousin) to Lloyd George, Balfour, and Bonar Law on 12 May complaining about Lord Kitchener; and Kitchener and Lloyd George were disputing the control of munitions manufacturing. 1962:

then to be suffering from imports and from competition in traditional export markets. However, his 1925 budget was well received by the public and enhanced Churchill's prestige. Churchill had served in two of the four

1993:, which he bitterly opposed. He further distanced himself from the party as a whole by his political views and by his friendships with press barons, financiers, and people whose characters were seen as dubious. When 2121:

in early 1931 and then announced the Government's policy that India should be granted Dominion status. In this the Government was supported by the Liberal Party and, officially at least, by the Conservative Party.

1865:. Churchill was very sceptical about the benefits of returning to the gold standard, and widely questioned the almost unanimous advice he was receiving that it was necessary. The governor of the Bank of England, 1873:

said that not to do so would show Britain had never 'meant business' about the gold standard, and that 'our nerve had failed'. The parliamentary joint select committee on Currency and Banking under its chairman

309:

Churchill looked about for a way to improve his public standing after the defeat. He arranged to travel as a war correspondent to South Africa, fortified by a letter of recommendation to the high commissioner,

1974: 1935:, the government's anti-strike propaganda newspaper. After the strike ended, he acted as an intermediary between striking miners and their employers. He later called for the introduction of a legally binding 2256:

Churchill cut himself off from the mainstream of Conservative politics as much as from the rest of the political world. Younger Conservatives such as Duff Cooper, who later described Churchill's campaign as

189:

exchange rate system. In opposition after 1929, Churchill became isolated, opposing Indian independence, advocating the unpopular policy of rearmament in the face of a resurgent Germany, and supporting King

1525:

railway before Churchill took charge at the War Office. The Cabinet was divided, without a clear policy. While Lloyd George proposed negotiations between all the Russian groups, which led to US President

3426:

Asquith’s daughter, then and later Churchill’s friend and colleague, wrote "From Lloyd George he was to learn the language of radicalism. It was Lloyd George’s native tongue but it was not his own."

1417:, Churchill led his battalion into the trenches on 27 January 1916. In March, Churchill returned to Britain after he had become restless in France and wished to speak again in the House of Commons. 470:, a two-volume biography of his father which was published in 1906 and received much critical acclaim. However, filial devotion caused him to soften some of his father's less attractive aspects. 2038:

in New York City on a North American speaking tour, he wrote a profitable article about the experience. He wrote many other articles, collections of speeches, and several books—some such as his

1946:

had "rendered a service to the whole world", showing, as it had, "a way to combat subversive forces" – that is, he considered Mussolini's regime to be a bulwark against the perceived threat of

346:

were unpaid and Churchill had inherited almost no money; the income he did inherit from his father's estate, he assigned to his mother in 1903. He took his seat in Parliament in February 1901.

2264:

saw Churchill as a reactionary, someone who was completely out of touch and at base, undemocratic—leaning towards the totalitarian regimes. Churchill's public comments often seemed that way.

5270:

Churchill published several volumes of his speeches, usually with an introduction. Most are out of print though some have been reissued. The volumes relevant to this period are as follows:

2277:(1930) and as being unchanged since his military service before he entered parliament. In so saying they note his references in his speeches on India to late Victorian politicians such as 2242:: "we got from the country, a mandate for doing a thing that no one, twelve months before, would have believed possible." This canard had been first put forward in the first edition of 542:

of writing his speeches in advance. But he learned from his mistakes. His speech in which he vainly sought Conservative support for the Boer Constitutions was perhaps his strongest yet:

2560:; Gunther wrote that "the nation demanded" that he rejoin the government, and predicted that "the ineluctable force of events may eventually push Churchill into Chamberlain's seat". 6280: 1159:

recruits, and it had been Kitchener who insisted on retaining territorials in the UK to defend the East Coast against possible German invasion. Only 57 men were actually killed. In

2524:

When Chamberlain replaced Baldwin as prime minister in May 1937 he did not bring Churchill into the government; besides the appeasement issue, Chamberlain told Churchill supporter

1345:

professional advisers and his record was a succession of grisly failures. Others, including Mrs Asquith, blamed him for breaking the Cabinet and forcing the Coalition. However Sir

2418:

someone who had few allies in the Conservative Party and was opposed as a war monger by some people in the United Kingdom. Whatever the reason, it was a severe blow to Churchill.

1757:

response was to remove control of Palestine's defence from the military, placing it under the Colonial Office, and forming a "Palestine Gendarmerie", recruited from the notorious

1139:("a costly blunder for which Mr W. Churchill must be held responsible") while Admiral Beatty wrote to his wife that Churchill had been "a darned fool" and "mad". Asquith wrote to 630: 2360:, Churchill expressed a hope that despite Hitler's apparent dictatorial tendencies, he would use his power to rebuild Germany into a worthy member of the world community writing 247:

All my dreams of companionship with him, of entering Parliament at his side and in his support were ended. There remained only for me to pursue his aims and vindicate his memory.

5647: 1169:

and Dunkirk to be secured. Rhodes James believes that Antwerp was "substantially to Churchill’s credit". However, at the time he had thought that holding Antwerp would help the

1568:

Churchill's actions in supporting the White forces led to a break with Lloyd George which was never completely healed, criticism by the Press and further distrust from Labour.

908:

upon taking up the office of First Lord. Many of the ideas Churchill took up, like oil propulsion and ever-bigger battleships with ever-bigger guns, were causes Fisher backed.

1152:), and in his later writing conceded that he might have done things differently. The Dunkirk force was also wound up after others, including Asquith, grew irritated about it. 1861:. His party's decision, announced in the 1924 budget, came after long discussions and further consultation with treasury officials, various economists, and the board of the 1596: 1289:

which supported the fleet carried just five seaplanes of an older design lacking sufficient range). Carden asked to discontinue the attack until there were more available.

1370:

and became a member of the newly formed Dardanelles Committee. Churchill blamed Asquith for the demotion, but in fact Asquith and Lloyd George attempted to make Churchill

947:

were seeking to provoke the Unionists into some outward act that would allow Ulster to be placed under some form of military rule. The attempts to move troops led to the

1728:

of Basra, Baghdad, and Mosul has been criticised as making an artificial state which inevitably would break down. He has also been criticised for advocating the use of

1659:

broke out after the signing of the Treaty, Churchill supported the government of the Free State with arms and ordered the British forces still in Ireland to assist the

831:

in prison more tolerable, and rehabilitation more likely. His reforms were not politically popular, but they had a major long-term impact on the British penal system.

903:, who had been for many years a driving force for innovation in the Royal Navy. The two men had become very close at Biarritz in April 1907. In 1909, Fisher had been 817:. Churchill's proposed solution was a referendum on the issue but this found no favour with Asquith and women's suffrage remained unresolved until after World War I. 766:, the commanding general, to advance further if he should judge it necessary. Churchill, who had already forbidden the use of forces in another industrial dispute at 5637: 591:, together with Churchill's concentration on national rather than local issues are given as the reason for his defeat. He was soon elected in another by-election at 2386:. Focus brought together people of differing political backgrounds and occupations. It led to the formation of a much wider Arms and the Covenant Movement in 1936. 2031:

referred to Churchill's speech in October 1938 against the Munich agreement as "an alarmist oration by a man whose mind is soaked in the conquests of Marlborough".

874:(he undertook flying lessons himself), the use of the 15" gun as the main armament of battleships, the development of the fast battleship (which found shape in the 110:. He changed parties in 1904 after increasing disagreement with the mainstream Conservative policy of protectionist tariffs preferentially favouring trade with the 5576: 434:

simply have been more sympathetic to the Liberals, despite being personally conservative and traditionalist; in 1962 he reportedly told another MP "I'm a Liberal.

2505:

Even while Churchill was campaigning against Indian independence, he received official and otherwise secret information. From 1932, Churchill's neighbour, Major

2174: 6237: 1827:, again as an independent candidate, this time under the label of "Constitutionalist" although with Conservative backing, and was finally elected to represent 750:. Initially, the chief constable of Glamorgan requested that troops be sent in to help police quell the rioting. Churchill, in collaboration with War minister 227:

Churchill discussed his political convictions in letters to his mother and made a number of unflattering comments about the Conservative government including:

1292:

Churchill refused, requiring the attack to continue, and Carden planned to continue but then collapsed from a rupturing ulcer. His second in command, Admiral

5978: 5405:. This is the second volume of the authorised biography which was continued by Martin Gilbert after Randolph Churchill's death. C & T Publications (1967) 1282:

Carden's attack was slowed because the inner forts were concealed from the ships and few aircraft were available for spotting purposes (the seaplane tender

5710: 1098:. Churchill later claimed that it had been a collective decision that he should go to Antwerp but Sir Edward Grey later wrote, more plausibly in historian 453:

In mind and manner he is a strange replica of his father, with all his father's suddenness and awareness, and I should say, more than his father's ability.

235:

to which I will never consent—I would enter parliament as a Liberal. As it is—Tory Democracy will have to be the standard under which I shall range myself.

6033: 5990: 3427: 2375: 2210: 1831:. The following year, he formally rejoined the Conservative Party, commenting wryly that "Anyone can rat, but it takes a certain ingenuity to re-rat." 1787:

The constituency had a significantly working-class composition, so that his principal opponents were a candidate for the steadily rising Labour Party,

1255:

In 1911, Churchill had written that "it is no longer possible to force the Dardanelles". Nonetheless, Churchill and others in the Admiralty, including

556: 119: 2453:

were true. Churchill then advised against the marriage and said he regarded Mrs Simpson's existing marriage as a 'safeguard'. In November he declined

1074:

Churchill was on his way to Dunkirk on the night of 2 October when his train was halted and he was taken back to London for a meeting with Kitchener,

1051:'s suggestion Churchill took over the mixed force of marines and yeomanry. Churchill was soon making frequent trips to Dunkirk, where he had set up a 388:

By 1903, he was drawing away from Lord Hugh's views, although they remained friends – Lord Hugh was Churchill's best man in 1908. He also opposed the

2227:." Churchill responded "Translate it!" Amery then remarked "I will translate it into the vernacular: 'If I can trip up Sam the government's bust'." 1506:

commented: "He was anxious to make a fresh start in current political affairs, and the best chance lay in the post-war retrenchment of expenditure."

6270: 1840: 621:

Also as President of the Board of Trade, Churchill took an active role in bringing about the radical social reforms which have become known as the

2153:(pictured), in particular over the idea of Indian independence. He once bitterly remarked of Baldwin that "it would be better had he never lived". 1966:

and several other positions. No one had more experience in government, and he could expect another high office in the next Conservative ministry.

1631:, having been involved in the lengthy negotiations of the treaty. To protect British maritime interests, he caused the agreement to include three 6231: 4915: 3307: 2454: 4360: 1337:

has argued that Churchill himself created the Shell Crisis. He states that during a visit to BEF Headquarters on 8 May he arranged with Colonel

1321:

The Liberal government was weakened by the failure of the naval attacks and the first landings in Gallipoli, by the failure of the offensive at

6060: 6038: 2694:

A. P. Herbert for example wrote "I did think he rather enjoyed a war and after three years in the trenches in Gallipoli and France, I did not."

1820: 1218:

in July 1917, Churchill assumed responsibility for the further development and production of tanks, and encouraged joint projects with the US.

373:

first success—also an attack on a cabinet minister of his own party. Churchill maintained the campaign in and out of Parliament for some time.

2457:'s invitation to be part of a delegation of senior Conservative backbenchers which met with Baldwin to discuss the matter. On 25 November he, 1165:

Churchill claimed he had prolonged Belgian surrender by a few days and occupied five German divisions. In fact it had been a week and enabled

579:, a newly appointed cabinet minister was obliged to seek re-election at a by-election. Churchill lost his Manchester seat to the Conservative 5251:(six volumes, 1923–1931), 1-vol edition (2005); on World War I (the references in this article are to the 4-volume 'new edition' Odhams 1938) 5121: 1305:

resistance, but never managed to advance far from the initial bridgeheads, nor to capture the forts on the European side of the Dardanelles.

580: 2528:

that "f I take him into the Cabinet he will dominate it. He won't give others the chance of even talking". Churchill was a fierce critic of

2001:

in 1931, Churchill was not invited to join the Cabinet. He was at the low point in his career, in a period known as "the wilderness years".

1377:

In June and again in July, with Kitchener's support he argued for increased forces to be sent to Gallipoli. This led to the despatch of the

5689: 1953:

It was not only the return to the gold standard that later economists, as well as those at the time, criticised in Churchill's time at the

1514: 1231: 397: 1010:, were portrayed as replacements.) Churchill later defended himself referring to the negotiations that the Germans were starting with the 6275: 5899: 5604: 3107: 2518: 801:. His role and presence attracted much criticism. The building under siege caught fire, and Churchill supported the decision to deny the 4431:

Gannon, Sean (December 2013). "THE FORMATION, COMPOSITION, AND CONDUCT OF THE BRITISH SECTION OF THE PALESTINE GENDARMERIE, 1922–1926".

2318:'s potential danger as early as 1930. More than two years before Hitler took power in January 1933, Churchill warned at a dinner at the 788:

In early January 1911, Churchill arrived at the "Siege of Sidney Street" in London. He gave his own account of the incident in his book

6002: 2223:

accused him of pressing the matter to bring the government down stating "at all costs he had to be faithful to his chosen motto: ;

2182: 1330: 1075: 2628:

Rowland gives details of some other plots—McKenna accused Lloyd George of plotting to overthrow Asquith and leaked information to the

660:

notes, are not as common as they should be. Churchill himself put his advancement to his submissions to Cabinet, not to his speeches.

256:

his life. His military career would be valuable for giving him the fame needed to enter politics, however, as he wrote to his mother:

185:, retaining the post until the fall of the Conservative government in 1929, and presided over the return of the United Kingdom to the 6153: 6102: 5968: 5844: 5654: 2016: 1413:

who later led the Liberal Party. Although Churchill did spend some time behind the front, visiting leaders such as Field Marshal Sir

1245: 560: 457:

That resemblance went far; Churchill dressed like his father, and the Hughligans have been seen as the recreation of Lord Randolph's

123: 1721:. This was intentionally designed to ensure that the air route to India passed over the areas controlled by or friendly to Britain. 927:

by which over half a million men pledged to oppose Home Rule by 'all means which shall be found necessary' and the formation of the

6007: 5219: 2300:

sheds light on Churchill. The Italian notes that virtues and vices are often symbiotic rather than antithetical. Thus people say, '

381:

warm water port. It is really embarrassing to think that 100,000,000 people are without one"—an unusual view during the era of the

537:

and with the issue of 'Chinese slavery' in South African mines. His first speech after taking office, in which he tried to defend

5715: 2158:

Baldwin answered him by quoting Churchill's own speech in winding up the debate for the Lloyd George Coalition government on the

2011: 1979: 1410: 3529:

Jamie Bennett, "The Man, the Machine and the Myths: Reconsidering Winston Churchill’s Prison Reforms." in Helen Johnston, ed.,

2327:, he portrays himself as being for a time, a lone voice in Government calling on Britain to strengthen itself against Germany., 2189:

had tried to urge specific policies on the Conservative Party: Rothermere opposed Indian home rule, and Beaverbrook pressed for

5664: 1683: 867: 671:. The Budget included the introduction of new taxes on the wealthy to fund new social welfare programmes. Churchill biographer 422: 369: 972:

Irish then given them Home Rule...and that after smashing the General Strike we should have met the grievances of the miners.

6055: 6043: 5743: 5532: 5469: 5384: 4732: 4690: 4599: 4006: 3970: 3514: 2882: 2791: 2760: 2399: 2371: 2328: 2206: 1276: 1237: 1125:

brigade arrived on 4 October. The 1st and 2nd Naval Brigades were then sent. They consisted largely of untrained reservists.

1048: 751: 1198:

as First Sea Lord, although he was one of the last members of the government to concede that Battenberg had to be replaced.

583:. Almost one third of the seat were Jewish and many others were Roman Catholic. The Liberals' failure to repeal the Tories' 2239: 1998: 1986: 1879: 1824: 1808: 1476: 1367: 1267:

Churchill pressed the issue at successive meetings of the War Council in 1914. After an exchange of telegrams with Admiral

1126: 944: 636:

His direct achievements at the Board of Trade were considerable particularly in employment law. He was responsible for the

552: 331: 220: 88: 1823:—his third electoral defeat in fewer than two years. However, he stood for election yet again several months later in the 5985: 5642: 2549: 2060: 1828: 1800: 1620: 1554: 1371: 1114: 592: 518: 315: 302: 216: 174: 103: 99: 6050: 5836: 3285: 1431: 1087: 863: 2166:. Baldwin continued by challenging Churchill and his other critics to depose him as leader of the Conservative Party. 6207: 5963: 5925: 5679: 5514: 5324: 4873: 4415: 4038: 3573: 3486: 3198: 2929: 2446: 2390: 1906: 1875: 1346: 430: 191: 64: 5767: 4615:

Henderson, H. D. (1955). Clay, Henry (ed.). "The Inter-War Years and other Papers. A Selection from the Writings".

4129:

For Churchill's own account of this, and of the Conscription issues and of his own exclusion from the Ministry see

2537: 2436: 1600: 1530:'s abortive Prinkipo Plan, Red Army attacks on the British positions led the Cabinet to approve 'forward defence". 1187: 875: 354: 342: 84: 4388: 4257: 1950:. At one point, Churchill went as far as to call Mussolini the "Roman genius... the greatest lawgiver among men". 35: 6143: 5935: 5807: 5659: 5627: 5597: 2513:'s approval, gave Churchill information on German air power. From 1930 onwards Morton headed a department of the 2469:

to plead for delay. He was shouted down. Seemingly staggered by the unanimous hostility of all Members, he left.

2394:

Britain, as France would not support any intervention. Churchill's speech on 9 March was measured and praised by

2205:

The second issue also affected Churchill's reputation. On 16 April 1934 Churchill claimed in Parliament that Sir

2022: 2006: 1236:

In early 1915, Churchill campaigned for an amphibious assault on the Belgian coast in 1914, which was opposed by

1140: 572: 522: 127: 2044:

of lasting worth. He supported himself largely by his writing and was one of the best paid writers of his time.

648:, setting up offices to help unemployed people find work. As Home Secretary he continued these reforms with the 6225: 5864: 5783: 4845:

Thornton Butterworth, London 1931; facsimile edition with introduction by M Weidhorn Dragonwyck Publishing 1990

3907: 3388: 2332:

He omits the fact that as Chancellor of the Exchequer he had imposed the heavy defence cuts referred to above.

1897:, arguing that the return to the gold standard at the pre-war parity in 1925 (£1=$ 4.86) would lead to a world 1799:, who had stood unsuccessfully in the constituency many times, but steadily increasing his vote each time. The 1414: 1272: 1241: 956: 839: 637: 466: 271:. Thence hot-foot to Egypt—to return with two more decorations in a year or two—and beat my sword into an iron 1155:

Modern historians tend to take a kinder view of Churchill's actions at Antwerp. He had asked for the brigades

6112: 5885: 2514: 2234:

over Indian independence and did not again hold any office while Baldwin was prime minister. In the index to

2051:. He was criticised for holidaying in the Riviera and America as the guest of such people as Beaverbrook and 2020:(though the latter was not published until well after World War II). Churchill's depiction of Marlborough in 1698: 1210:, which he funded from the Navy budget without involving the War Office. In February 1915 he established the 1017: 1014:. But Britain was also negotiating with Turkey at the same time and on 18 August Turkey declared neutrality. 900: 882: 261: 5951: 5930: 5871: 5722: 5669: 2269:

now felt even in the most highly developed nations: the United States, Germany, France, and England herself

2103: 1298: 952: 306:

respected Liberal candidates, at a time when the popularity of the Conservative government was in decline.

265: 4813:

For full discussion see R Basset "Telling the truth to the People: the myth of the Baldwin 'confession'".

3712:, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IL, pg 29., Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 64-20844 3433:

Eyre & Spottiswoode London 1965 p. 161 Such comparison continues today. See for example Richard Toye,

2047:

Nevertheless, he was still in financial difficulties, having lost most of his American investments in the

1338: 1105:

Churchill arrived in Antwerp around 3pm on 3 October. He set up in the best hotel in Antwerp with Admiral

6163: 6125: 5973: 5831: 5684: 5674: 4540: 2588:

Hill sees Churchill’s position on free trade land taxation as being the way to remove poverty as correct.

2557: 2087: 1869:, said that 'there was no alternative to a return to gold'. The permanent secretary to the treasury, Sir 1846: 1652: 1549: 1402: 920: 851: 844: 649: 607: 603: 503: 182: 150: 135: 4470: 1329:. The Cabinet was bickering and some members plotted against others. Churchill himself aimed to replace 6265: 6195: 5892: 5590: 2472:

Churchill's reputation in Parliament and the United Kingdom as a whole was badly damaged. Some such as

2319: 1792: 1484: 1480: 1195: 1079: 932: 792:. There is some uncertainty as to whether Churchill attempted to give operational commands. Biographer 366: 170: 166: 1878:(former permanent secretary to the treasury) supported a return, as did the Labour shadow chancellor, 1259:, the Chief of the Naval Staff, were impressed by the German bombardment of Belgian fortresses in the 413:

Churchill's dissatisfaction continued to grow and, on 31 May 1904 as Parliament resumed following its

149:, and the subsequent formation of the first Coalition. Temporarily leaving politics, he served on the 6189: 5956: 5945: 4674: 4367: 2553: 2159: 1990: 1857:, this resulted in deflation, unemployment, and was a catalyst to the miners' strike that led to the 1580: 1382: 1149: 1040: 912: 645: 4645: 4361:"Was Winston Churchill really "strongly in favor of using poisoned gas against uncivilized tribes?"" 5727: 2506: 1557:

and that it was essential for a subsequent evacuation, he wanted the force to link up with Admiral

1390: 1389:. The attacks on Churchill redoubled when this landing failed. The Committee appointed General Sir 1378: 1322: 866:, the senior naval officers who administered the Admiralty. With the aid of the new First Sea Lord 514: 510: 42: 5133: 2284:

Some historians also draw a parallel between Churchill's attitudes to India and those towards the

2214:

witnesses before the committee, contrary to normal procedure. Churchill himself gave evidence and

1401:

Upon resigning he rejoined the army, though remaining an MP, and served for several months on the

6219: 6213: 5775: 4747: 4515: 4222: 4027: 3958: 3333: 3139: 2052: 1671: 1052: 1030: 626: 576: 350: 298: 240: 107: 3963:

Dardanelles, a study of the strategical and certain tactical aspects of the Dardanelles campaign

3610: 2918: 2672:

Asquith's questions in the Commons about Arabs hanged as 'traitors' exposes Churchill's dilemma

2082:(republished in 1932 in his collection of essays "Thoughts and Adventures") involved abandoning 6107: 5705: 4336: 2633: 2118: 1963: 1926: 1858: 1710: 1632: 1455: 732: 530: 377: 4194:

Ferris, John. "Treasury Control, the Ten Year Rule, and British Service Policies, 1919–1924".

3380: 2063:. These attacks were not new; in 1923 Churchill had brought a successful libel action against 1905:. The decision was generally popular and seen as 'sound economics' although it was opposed by 1090:, Grey's secretary (Asquith was away making a recruiting speech in Cardiff). They warned that 297:

His first attempt to enter Parliament was unsuccessful when in July 1899 he was defeated in a

6148: 6096: 5823: 5376: 4632: 4078:

That Fisher's resignation, rather than the Shell Crisis, did so is shown by Lord Beaverbrook

3680: 3563: 3476: 3121: 2779: 2199: 1958: 1443: 1409:, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. During this period, his second-in-command was a young 1406: 1215: 813:

While still at the Board of Trade in 1909, Churchill was accosted with a whip by suffragette

746:

began a major strike. Violence against strike breakers threatened in an episode known as the

681: 641: 559:(carefully selected for him by the party). His electoral expenses were paid for by his uncle 162: 5906: 4865: 4859: 3534: 1942:

When Churchill visited Rome in January 1927, he controversially claimed that the fascism of

1670:

After setting up a Middle Eastern Department within the Colonial Office, Churchill convened

663:

Churchill's most important indirect role in these reforms was his assistance in passing the

6171: 5815: 5344:, Penguin (2005). Originally an essay entitled "Churchill: The Aristocratic Adventurer" in 4302:

Vol IV p. 557; Gilbert quotes contemporary sources on how unpopular Churchill was in Cairo.

3448: 2656: 2040: 1947: 1714: 1326: 1283: 1207: 1145: 1110: 997: 446: 142: 5027: 2685:

strike if we suggested such a thing. We shall therefore have to climb down ignominiously."

1047:

suggested that the British land a force at Dunkirk to threaten the German right flank; at

8: 6118: 5940: 5878: 5520: 5370: 3067: 2529: 2525: 2395: 2064: 2035: 1886: 1737: 1718: 1660: 1386: 1227: 1117:, but Asquith thought it unwise and recorded that Churchill's suggestion was met with a " 1091: 668: 657: 534: 280: 198:. By 1939, he had been out of Cabinet for ten years, and his career seemed all but over. 4343:

Carroll and Graf, US 2004: Constable UK in 2004. For an alternate view, see John Lukas,

538: 6183: 6013: 5487: 5475: 4935: 4448: 4387:

Manchester University Press 1990 p. 160 For more details on RAF policing in Iraq, see

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able to adjust to the New Order in Europe—traits he had shown in the matter of India."

2215: 2083: 1781: 1729: 1717:

as Emir. The boundaries of the two countries were joined in what is sometimes known as

1624: 1595:

In 1920, as Secretary of State for War and Air, Churchill was responsible for quelling

1572: 1503: 1249: 1211: 916: 771: 672: 664: 599: 499: 487: 471: 426: 418: 393: 319: 177:

before the downfall of the Coalition in 1922 when he also lost his seat in Parliament.

154: 115: 5241:

Vol 1 1928, Vol 2 1932, Butterworth. (A single-volume edition was published in 1960.)

4496: 3547:

Hero of the Empire: The Boer War, a Daring Escape, and the Making of Winston Churchill

3405: 3248: 3214: 3086: 2720:

He was so consulted and so regarded during the abdication crisis. See footnotes above.

1394:

November, Churchill resigned from his post, feeling his energies were not being used.

1260: 1248:. Churchill then became one of the political and military engineers of the disastrous 862:, his account of World War One. His first major act was to replace all but one of the 5613: 5528: 5510: 5465: 5390: 5380: 4939: 4869: 4772: 4728: 4696: 4686: 4595: 4452: 4411: 4034: 3966: 3903: 3569: 3510: 3482: 3384: 3373: 3194: 2925: 2878: 2787: 2756: 2746: 2336: 2068: 2048: 1744:

policy, with the goal of creating a Jewish Homeland at the expense of the indigenous

1558: 1539: 1436: 1418: 928: 899:

Churchill was influenced in these reforms by the (then-retired) Admiral of the Fleet

699:

In 1909 Churchill published a collection of speeches with a foreword under the title

676:

he launched himself into the fight for the budget and accepted the presidency of the

195: 80: 4312: 2117:, who had been appointed by the prior Conservative Government, engaged in the First 625:. The first of these, passed while Churchill was still Colonial Undersecretary, the 5996: 5791: 5329:

The list below refers only to sources relevant to this period in Churchill's life.

4980: 4927: 4620: 4440: 2541: 2510: 2353: 2349: 2344: 2261: 2099: 1994: 1898: 1890: 1796: 1706: 1628: 1268: 1183: 1161: 1135: 948: 775: 611: 389: 232: 4003: 1583:. He defended their activities, saying they enjoyed the same freedom as police in 1450:

objected to Lloyd George's first proposal—that Churchill be appointed to head the

943:. It appeared to the Unionist leaders that Churchill and his friend War Secretary 6177: 6138: 6080: 4975: 4678: 4550: 4405: 4183: 4010: 3235: 2913: 2499: 2481:

help in writing the speech, but some historians say that Churchill wrote it all.

2442: 2413:

later wrote of "an appointment rightly described as the most extraordinary since

2410: 2231: 2150: 2139: 2135: 2108:

During the first half of the 1930s, outspoken opposition towards the granting of

2056: 1931: 1862: 1850: 1749: 1702: 1656: 1492: 1036: 924: 870:

he created a war staff, gave impetus to reform efforts, including development of

814: 785:

unions were outraged against Churchill and never looked at him with favor again.

747: 728: 622: 584: 495: 252: 1885:

Churchill held a dinner at which the principal opponents of a return, economist

1697:

The method recommended by the Conference and chosen by Churchill, summarised by

587:(which restricted Jewish immigration) and Churchill's slowness in committing to 211: 41:

The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of

6243: 6132: 5435: 4828: 2473: 2458: 2450: 2383: 2288:. For example, Manfred Weidhorn in the introduction to the American edition of 2145: 2125:

Churchill denounced the Round Table Conference. He spoke at public meetings in

1866: 1758: 1675: 1576: 1527: 1310: 1293: 1182:

Churchill was also unpopular within the Navy itself for the replacement of Sir

1083: 1059:

armoured cars. He arranged for 70 London buses to be used for extra mobility.

904: 871: 806: 767: 763: 743: 724: 688: 526: 335: 284: 268: 131: 111: 46: 4931: 4624: 4444: 2177:

in April 1931. In a secure Conservative seat, official Conservative candidate

1055:

squadron and some units equipped with Rolls Royces which had been turned into

805:

access, forcing the criminals to choose surrender or death. After an inquest,

633:

by providing that unions were not liable for damages caused by strike action.

6259: 6090: 5799: 5759: 5394: 5366: 5260: 5009: 2495: 2403: 2379: 2273:

Some historians see his basic attitude to India as being set out in his book

2190: 2181:

was opposed by an independent Conservative. The independent was supported by

2163: 2078:

His political views, set forth in his 1930 Romanes Election and published as

2072: 1901:. The pamphlet did not criticise the decision to return to the gold standard 1870: 1854: 1679: 1588: 1499: 1099: 1067: 855: 677: 568: 401: 311: 186: 158: 141:

His career suffered a severe check in 1915, after his support for the failed

4776: 4700: 2004:

He spent much of the next few years concentrating on his writing, including

687:

After the budget was sent to the Commons in 1909 and passed, it went to the

5215: 4771:. Vol. V * 1922–1939: The Prophet of Truth. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 4344: 3293: 2704: 2423: 2398:

as constructive but within weeks Churchill was passed over for the post of

2315: 1936: 1918: 1753: 1745: 1687: 1644: 1451: 1334: 1256: 1122: 1106: 911:

In 1912 the Liberal Government, since the elections in 1910 dependent upon

827: 798: 736: 615: 482: 458: 290: 272: 92: 2142:

leaders "Brahmins who mouth and patter principles of Western Liberalism."

711: 6201: 4022: 2936:

Originally an essay entitled "Churchill: The Aristocratic Adventurer" in

2870: 2660: 2556:

in September 1939, Chamberlain appointed Churchill to the Cabinet as the

2533: 2297: 2278: 2194: 2186: 2178: 1954: 1816: 1788: 1604: 1533:

Churchill was a staunch advocate of foreign intervention, declaring that

1191: 1011: 893: 892:, a massive engineering task, which depended on securing oil supplies in 802: 793: 365:". His first major speech in Parliament was an attack on the proposal of 146: 3597: 2067:

who had accused Churchill of giving a deliberately false account of the

1349:

interceded unsuccessfully with his close friend the Conservative Leader

3238:

Defending the Empire: The Conservative Party and British Defence Policy

2409:

This surprising appointment—it surprised Inskip as much as anyone, and

2244: 2126: 2114: 1648: 1623:

on 13 February 1921 (until 19 October 1922) and was a signatory of the

1534: 1510: 1459: 889: 439: 382: 358: 4590:

Picknett, Lynn; Prince, Clive; Prior, Stephen; Brydon, Robert (2002).

1144:

the shambles". He faced criticism for his poor judgment from his wife

525:, Churchill dealt with the adoption of constitutions for the defeated 6085: 5480:

The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill; Visions of Glory: 1874–1932

2708: 2545: 2340: 2220: 2130: 1943: 1812: 1691: 1640: 1608: 1350: 1121:

laugh" by the Cabinet. Instead Churchill was recalled to London. The

1066:

Churchill directing the defence of Antwerp wearing the uniform of an

780: 588: 376:

In 1902, Churchill revealed some of his views in an interview at the

362: 5582: 3375:

The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill, Visions of Glory 1874–1932

2517:

charged with researching the defence preparedness of other nations.

279:

His first political appearance was at a meeting of the Conservative

2414: 2301: 2248:

but in subsequent editions (including those before Churchill wrote

2109: 1725: 1651:. (The bases were ceded to Ireland in 1938, under the terms of the 1518: 1363: 1316: 1062: 991: 3478:

Winston Churchill, Myth and Reality: What He Actually Did and Said

3274:. London and New York: Macmillan (UK) and St. Martin's Press (US). 3076:, reprint of the 1970 edition by Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London 1592:"wished to couple a tremendous onslaught with the fairest offer." 239:

His beliefs were significantly influenced by those of his father,

5751: 4220: 2536:

of Hitler and in private letters to Lloyd George (13 August) and

1741: 1584: 1562: 1095: 759: 755: 445:

Contemporaries noted that Churchill seemed very like his father,

414: 5419:. Authorised biography, as above. The volumes relevant here are 4683:

Churchill: A Major New Reassessment of His Life in Peace and War

3290:

Churchill by his Contemporaries: "Churchill the Parliamentarian"

1780:

In October 1922, Churchill underwent an operation to remove his

731:

and industrial relations issues generally, his responses to the

3828: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3074:. Harmondsworth, London: Pelican (Penguin). pp. 26, 33–34. 2619:

The French developed tanks separately at roughly the same time.

2285: 1166: 1044: 987: 881:) and of the 6" gunned light cruiser (which found shape in the 770:, did not favour deployment of troops, fearing a repeat of the 2193:

under the slogan Empire Free Trade. Churchill's speech at the

2258:

the most unfortunate event that occurred between the two wars

2113:

strife in India should independence be granted. The Viceroy,

1978:

In the mid-1930s Churchill wrote a biography of his ancestor

1748:. The in 1921, the General Officer Commanding (GOC), General 1118: 727:. His term was marked by three main controversies: a violent 425:, defecting from the Conservatives to sit as a member of the 3809: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3788: 2374:", a group which also included Sir Archibald Sinclair, Lady 2292:(a collection of Churchill's speeches on the topic) writes. 1701:

as 'hot air, aeroplanes and Arabs', was the creation of the

1133:

Churchill attracted ridicule. He was strongly criticised by

854:, a post he held into World War I. This was the year of the 464:

From 1903 until 1905, Churchill was also engaged in writing

16:

Pre-Prime Ministerial political career of Winston Churchill.

4801:

Battle: The life story of the Rt. Hon. Winston S. Churchill

4592:

War of the Windsors: A Century of Unconstitutional Monarchy

3852: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3588:

Edward Moritz, Jr., "Winston Churchill - Prison Reformer,"

3507:

The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866–1928

2655:

The offer went as far as ordering the British artillery in

2576:

He published a collection of his speeches on this topic as

1770:

Anyone can rat, but it takes a certain ingenuity to re-rat.

1636: 1522: 349:

In Parliament, Churchill became associated with a group of

122:. His political ascent was rapid; he became, successively, 5492:

The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill; Alone: 1932–1940

4566: 4541:

Budget Blunders: Mr Churchill and the Gold Standard (1925)

3446:

Anthony Mòr O'Brien, "Churchill and the Tonypandy Riots,"

2185:, Lord Beaverbrook, and their respective newspapers. Both 2149:

Churchill encountered difficulties with the government of

986:

On 31 July 1914, Churchill ordered the seizure of the two

951:, Seely's resignation, a back down by the Government, and 4589: 4544: 4464: 4462: 3785: 2365:

enriched the story of mankind. So may it be with Hitler.

680:, an organisation set up in response to the opposition's 6281:

Early lives of the prime ministers of the United Kingdom

3835: 2090:

for the major cities, and an economic 'sub-parliament'.

2075:. Douglas was sentenced to imprisonment for six months. 850:

In 1911, Churchill was transferred to the office of the

5500:

Citadel of the Heart, Winston and the Churchill Dynasty

5156:

Citadel of the Heart: Winston and the Churchill Dynasty

3284: 2162:, in which Churchill defended the dismissal of General 1889:

and former chancellor and chairman of the Midland Bank

87:

from its beginning in 1900 to the start of his term as

5312:

Winston S. Churchill: His Complete Speeches, 1897–1963

4685:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 257, 259. 4652: 4459: 4221:

Jeffrey Wallin with Juan Williams (4 September 2001).

513:

as prime minister, in December 1905, Churchill became

5360:

Churchill's Folly: How Winston Churchill Created Iraq

5351:

Carter, Violet Bonham, Baroness Asquith of Yarnbury.

4341:

Churchill's Folly: How Winston Churchill Created Iraq

3666:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 681–682. 3168:

Grafstein, Q.C., Senator Jerry S. (27 October 1993).

640:, which provided for an 8-hour day in all mines; the 5564:

Winston Churchill: Politics, Strategy and Statecraft

4347:

Winston Churchill's Role In The Middle East And Iraq

3474: 3334:

Elections Churchill Contested – The Churchill Centre

3272:

Elgin and Churchill at the Colonial Office 1905–1908

3066: 2055:, and for drinking and gambling with people such as 1724:

Churchill's creation of Iraq from three the Ottoman

1571:

Churchill was responsible for establishing both the

5081:Lord Beaverbrook; A. J. P. Taylor, editor. (1966). 888:) concepts, and the switch from coal to oil in the 5372:Churchill, The End of Glory: A Political Biography 4979: 4944:The first quote is omitted from later editions of 4026: 3428:Violet Bonham Carter, Baroness Asquith of Yarnbury 3372: 2917: 223:. He was elected to Parliament for the first time. 5450:. Pelican 1973. A sympathetic yet critical study. 5194:Winston S. Churchill: Prophet of Truth: 1923–1939 4407:Winston S. Churchill: World in Torment, 1916–1922 4385:Air Power and Colonial Control: The RAF 1919–1939 2080:Parliamentary Government and the Economic Problem 1333:as Foreign Secretary with Balfour. The historian 1194:and for bowing to public pressure and dismissing 1102:'s view, that it was very much Churchill's idea. 606:, in opposing the 1908–1909 naval estimates. The 6257: 4918:(2001). "Churchill and the Two 'Evil Empires'". 4890:Lord Lloyd and the decline of the British Empire 4594:. Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing. p. 78. 3531:Punishment and Control in Historical Perspective 3435:Lloyd George and Churchill: Rivals for Greatness 2552:, he was seen as having been proven right. When 1985:The Conservative government was defeated in the 1841:Winston Churchill as Chancellor of the Exchequer 1647:), which could be used as Atlantic bases by the 1317:The Asquith Coalition, the Dardanelles Committee 1201: 652:, providing sickness and unemployment benefits. 598:As President of the Board of Trade he supported 5224:. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 322. 4766: 4198:, Vol. 30, No. 4. (December 1987), pp. 859–883. 3664:Winston S. Churchill: Young Statesman 1901-1914 3403:For more details including a short summary see 3167: 1764: 1752:issued a circular which stated that, while the 260:A few months in South Africa would earn me the 5307:(1938) (introduction by Randolph S. Churchill) 4853: 4851: 4783: 4762: 4760: 4403: 3182: 1834: 1807:Churchill stood for the Liberals again in the 1611:bombers and a total of less than 250 aircrew. 834: 438:." As a Liberal, he continued to campaign for 5598: 5214: 5025: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4139: 3348:. (c) 1967 C & T Publications: pp. 287–89 2774: 2772: 1021:solutions, but others saw it as megalomania. 341:Churchill chose not to attend the opening of 5519: 5208: 5019: 4920:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 4857: 4798: 4669: 4667: 4556: 4516:"All the Elections Churchill Ever Contested" 3561: 3557: 3555: 3249:"The Works of WSC – Lord Randolph Churchill" 3140:"All the Elections Churchill Ever Contested" 2755:. Farringdon, London: Eland Publishing Ltd. 2601:, a collection of his speeches on the topic. 1775:Churchill, after rejoining the Conservatives 1542:. On 14 January 1919 Churchill circulated a 1517:. British forces were already in Russia, at 1515:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 1232:Naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign 1177: 201: 5900:Never was so much owed by so many to so few 5305:Arms and the Covenant / While England Slept 4848: 4757: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4585: 4583: 4581: 3951: 3893: 3891: 3500: 3498: 3306:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2908: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2173:The first was his speech on the eve of the 1694:. No Arabs were invited to the conference. 1509:A major preoccupation of his tenure in the 571:in 1908, he was promoted to the Cabinet as 5605: 5591: 5486: 5474: 5314:. 8 vols. London: Chelsea, 1974. 8,917 pp. 4673: 4507: 4214: 4136: 3965:. London: Naval & Military Press Ltd. 3889: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3370: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2769: 2632:on 29 March; Sir John French sent his ADC 2445:told Churchill that the rumours that King 1909:and the Federation of British Industries. 1895:The Economic Consequences of Mr. Churchill 5846:A History of the English-Speaking Peoples 5042:Frederick Smith, 2nd Earl of Birkenhead. 4664: 4614: 4281: 4279: 4277: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3691: 3689: 3658: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3552: 3504: 3120: 2912: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2745: 2610:For more details of this period see Hyam, 2017:A History of the English-Speaking Peoples 1405:as commander of the 6th Battalion of the 742:In 1910, 30,000 Welsh coal miners in the 251:Randolph had been a fervent supporter of 124:Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies 65:Learn how and when to remove this message 5365: 4974: 4748:Books Written by Winston Churchill (see 4707: 4578: 3957: 3934:. Vol. II. Oxford University Press. 3724: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3652: 3495: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2891: 2144: 1973: 1470: 1061: 838: 710: 481: 330:Churchill stood again for Oldham in the 210: 6271:Political history of the United Kingdom 5525:Churchill: A Study in Failure 1900–1939 5448:Churchill: a Study in Failure 1900–1939 5434: 5355:. Eyre & Spottiswoode London (1965) 4914: 4789:247 House of Commons Debates 5s col 755 4725:Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years 4722: 4658: 4572: 4560: 4468: 4021: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3897: 3868: 3072:Churchill: a Study in Failure 1900–1939 2964: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2869: 2778: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2674:Why are Arabs rebels? To whom traitors? 2402:in favour of the Attorney General, Sir 2012:John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough 1980:John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough 1221: 981: 494:) to create what would be known as the 6258: 6220:Jennie Jerome, Lady Randolph Churchill 6023: 5969:Schools and higher education (various) 5335:Churchill on the home front, 1900–1955 5059:Weidenfeld & Nicolson 1969 p. 999. 5046:Weidenfeld & Nicolson 1969 p. 129. 4430: 4274: 3927: 3916: 3686: 3625: 3608: 2800: 2352:and continued up until 1937 to praise 2093: 1969: 1442:In July 1917, Churchill was appointed 1206:Churchill played an important role in 206: 153:before rejoining the Government after 5745:The Story of the Malakand Field Force 5728:Churchill's third ministry, 1951–1955 5612: 5586: 5527:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 5507:Churchill's "World Crisis" as History 5494:. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. 5482:. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. 5403:Winston S. Churchill: Young Statesman 5032:. Harper & Brothers. p. 255. 3946:Kitchener, Portrait of an Imperialist 3715: 3463:Winston S. Churchill: Young Statesman 3346:Winston S. Churchill: Young Statesman 3172:(Speech). University Club of Toronto. 2494:of the decade consisted only of him, 2400:Minister for Co-ordination of Defence 2372:Focus in Defence of Freedom and Peace 2335:In 1931 Churchill warned against the 1853:during which Britain returned to the 1614: 1465: 1277:Australian and New Zealand Army Corps 1148:(he missed the birth of his daughter 933:Parnell's original Home Rule campaign 477: 408: 79:This article documents the career of 5318: 4513: 4223:"Cover Story: Churchill's Greatness" 3979: 3322:Asquith:Portrait of a Man and an Era 3269: 3152: 3146: 2943: 2734: 2488: 2430: 2309: 2086:, a return to a property franchise, 1368:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 915:support, introduced what became the 517:for the Colonies. Serving under the 509:When the Liberals took office, with 498:, which included the passing of the 325: 243:, after whose early death he wrote: 89:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 18: 5832:"Are There Men on the Moon?" (1942) 5008: 4997:The Origins of the Second World War 4961:For a history of Focus see E Spier 4803:. London: Sampson Low. p. 229. 3406:"Liberalism and the Social Problem" 3286:Turnour, 6th Earl Winterton, Edward 3215:"The Works of WSC – For Free Trade" 1621:Secretary of State for the Colonies 1035:In September 1914, with the Allies 723:In 1910, Churchill was promoted to 519:Secretary of State for the Colonies 288:Democracy" and was reported in the 175:Secretary of State for the Colonies 13: 6276:20th century in the United Kingdom 5723:Churchill caretaker ministry, 1945 5232: 5094:Cooke, Alistair. "Edward VIII" in 5083:The Abdication of King Edward VIII 4864:. Yale University Press. pp. 4033:. London: Bantam. pp. 94–95. 3677:Naval innovation: from coal to oil 2659:to bombard the Republicans in the 1424: 820: 719:) at Sidney Street, 3 January 1911 138:, all before he was 40 years old. 14: 6292: 5991:Mishkenot Sha'ananim bust, Israel 5974:Boulevard in Mississauga, Ontario 5926:Bibliography of Winston Churchill 5706:Churchill war ministry, 1940–1945 5579:, from Hansard, 18 February 1901. 5570: 5325:Bibliography of Winston Churchill 5287:Liberalism and the Social Problem 4209:Churchill: Four faces and the Man 4184:Description of the Peace Day riot 3832:Rhodes James 1970, pp. 62–63 3108:"WSC: A Midnight Interview, 1902" 2230:Churchill permanently broke with 1544:Most urgent and secret memorandum 1498:He was the main architect of the 1208:Britain's development of the tank 706: 701:Liberalism and the Social Problem 5769:London to Ladysmith via Pretoria 5237:Aitken, Max (Lord Beaverbrook). 5199: 5186: 5174: 5161: 5148: 5114: 5101: 5088: 5075: 5062: 5055:Middlemas, K. R. and Barnes, J. 5049: 5036: 5002: 4990: 4968: 4955: 4908: 4895: 4882: 4835: 4820: 4807: 4792: 4619:. Oxford: Clarendon Press: 445. 4547:News. Retrieved 2 December 2007. 4471:"Labour defector asks to return" 2714: 2697: 2688: 2678: 2437:Abdication Crisis of Edward VIII 2391:Germany reoccupied the Rhineland 1597:rebellions in British Somaliland 161:as prime minister. He served as 23: 6144:1940 British war cabinet crisis 5936:International Churchill Society 5809:Marlborough: His Life and Times 5543:Churchill: Walking with Destiny 5410:Churchill by his Contemporaries 5353:Winston Churchill as I knew him 4741: 4608: 4534: 4489: 4424: 4397: 4391:The Royal Air Force – a history 4377: 4353: 4330: 4305: 4292: 4250: 4237: 4201: 4188: 4177: 4164: 4123: 4110: 4098: 4085: 4072: 4059: 4047: 4015: 3997: 3938: 3859: 3761: 3748: 3734: 3702: 3670: 3602: 3582: 3539: 3523: 3468: 3455: 3440: 3431:Winston Churchill as I knew him 3420: 3397: 3364: 3351: 3338: 3327: 3314: 3278: 3263: 3241: 3229: 3207: 3176: 3161: 3132: 2666: 2649: 2639: 2622: 2613: 2604: 2591: 2582: 2540:(11 September) just before the 2023:Marlborough: His Life and Times 2007:Marlborough: His Life and Times 1627:of 1921, which established the 1521:, in Siberia, and guarding the 573:President of the Board of Trade 523:Victor Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin 486:Churchill worked together with 128:President of the Board of Trade 6238:Frances Anne Spencer-Churchill 5941:Churchill War Rooms and Museum 5865:A total and unmitigated defeat 5072:. Hutchinson 1964 p. 357. 4410:. Rosetta Books. p. 685. 3992:History of the First World War 3931:From Dreadnought to Scapa Flow 3806:Charmley 1993, pp. 102–04 3565:Churchill: The Unexpected Hero 3114: 3100: 3079: 2703:These factions were headed by 2570: 2034:Though badly hurt when he was 1821:Westminster Abbey constituency 1740:, Churchill implemented a pro- 1353:and later wrote of Churchill: 1068:Elder Brother of Trinity House 976: 810:far-from-calm Home Secretary. 638:Coal Mines Regulation Act 1908 1: 5886:We shall fight on the beaches 5648:"Wilderness" years, 1929–1939 5552:. Barrie & Jenkins (1975) 5362:. Carroll and Graf, US (2004) 5268:Speeches by Winston Churchill 5132:. 22 May 1950. Archived from 4982:Diaries and Letters 1930–1939 4861:Five Days in London: May 1940 4469:Happold, Tom (6 April 2005). 4207:"The Military Strategist" in 4004:War in the Mediterranean 1915 3856:Jenkins 2001, pp. 248–51 3611:"Churchill as Home Secretary" 3609:Bailey, Victor (March 1985). 3481:. McFarland. pp. 39–40. 3475:Richard M. Langworth (2017). 3155:Churchill: His Radical Decade 2727: 2515:Committee of Imperial Defence 2010:—a biography of his ancestor 1663:against the Republican Army. 1362:Churchill was demoted to the 1202:Early development of the tank 858:, with which Churchill opens 754:allowed them to go as far as 5952:Churchill College, Cambridge 5872:Blood, toil, tears and sweat 5421:The Challenge of War 1914-16 5171:Hamish Hamilton 1961 p. 404. 4905:1939 edition pp. 167–68 4832:p. 171 Harte Davis 1954 4754:, The Churchill Centre, 2007 3505:Elizabeth, Crawford (2001). 3408:. Savrola.co.uk. 6 June 2008 3371:Manchester, William (1983). 2104:Government of India Act 1935 2059:and, until his early death, 1765:Second crossing of the floor 1460:chief Coalition Liberal whip 7: 6126:Terminological inexactitude 5342:The Aristocratic Adventurer 5169:English History (1914–1945) 4952:revised 1939 edition p. 165 2920:The Aristocratic Adventurer 2877:. London: Macmillan Press. 2558:First Lord of the Admiralty 2477:political life was ended." 2088:proportional representation 1847:Chancellor of the Exchequer 1835:Chancellor of the Exchequer 1674:in March 1921, attended by 1653:Anglo-Irish Trade Agreement 1601:uprising of Kurds and Arabs 1475:In January 1919, after the 1246:British Expeditionary Force 1092:King Albert of the Belgians 852:First Lord of the Admiralty 845:First Lord of the Admiralty 835:First Lord of the Admiralty 650:National Insurance Act 1911 608:First Lord of the Admiralty 604:Chancellor of the Exchequer 504:National Insurance Act 1911 264:and in all probability the 183:Chancellor of the Exchequer 136:First Lord of the Admiralty 10: 6297: 6113:St Martin's Church, Bladon 5893:This was their finest hour 5462:Churchill in his own Words 5446:James, Sir Robert Rhodes. 5429:Prophet of Truth 1922–1939 5425:The Stricken World 1917-22 5337:(Faber & Faber, 2013). 5322: 5310:James, Robert Rhodes, ed. 5205:Langworth 2008, pp. 256–57 5085:. London: Hamish Hamilton. 4056:Volume 40, No 2, page 357. 3948:E. P. Dutton and Co (1968) 3865:Prior 1983, pp. 32–33 3662:(1967). "18: Eve of War". 3568:. OUP Oxford. p. 51. 3128:. Vol. II. Heinemann. 2434: 2225:Fiat justicia, ruat caelum 2097: 1838: 1485:Secretary of State for Air 1481:Secretary of State for War 1275:(then in Britain) and the 1240:at the War Office and Sir 1225: 1196:Prince Louis of Battenberg 1080:Prince Louis of Battenberg 1028: 1024: 729:Rhondda coalminers' strike 367:Secretary of State for War 171:Secretary of State for Air 167:Secretary of State for War 6162: 6154:Honorary U.S. citizenship 6073: 5957:Churchill Archives Centre 5946:National Churchill Museum 5916: 5856: 5848:(1956–1958, four volumes) 5811:(1933–1938, four volumes) 5795:(1923–1931, five volumes) 5736: 5698: 5620: 5577:Churchill's maiden speech 5358:Catherwood, Christopher. 4932:10.1017/s0080440101000172 4625:10.1017/S1373971900061308 4520:Churchill and... Politics 4514:Hall, Douglas J. (1950). 4445:10.1017/S0018246X13000253 4054:Journal of Modern History 3770:Declaration of Neutrality 3699:, Clarendon, Oxford, 1973 3592:20#4 (1958), pp. 428-440 1991:Indian Home Rule movement 1761:to police the territory. 1581:Irish War of Independence 1421:encouraged him to do so. 1339:Charles à Court Repington 1178:Replacement of Battenberg 646:Labour Exchanges Act 1909 202:Early years in Parliament 5840:(1948–1953, six volumes) 5638:Liberal Party, 1904–1924 5559:. Hamish Hamilton (1972) 5460:Langworth, Richard, ed. 4948:the second remains. See 4767:Gilbert, Martin (1977). 4723:Gilbert, Martin (2004). 4170:For his own account see 4009:11 December 2007 at the 3902:. Barrie & Jenkins. 2563: 2550:conquered Czechoslovakia 1845:Churchill was appointed 1825:general election of 1924 1387:the landing at Suvla Bay 515:Under-Secretary of State 511:Henry Campbell-Bannerman 361:, a play on words with " 118:and winning the seat of 6214:Lord Randolph Churchill 5785:Lord Randolph Churchill 5655:World War II, 1939–1945 5239:Politicians and the War 4497:"Churchill Howled Down" 4404:Martin Gilbert (2015). 4258:"RAF History pp. 63–66" 4093:Politicians and the War 4080:Politicians and the War 3898:Rowland, Peter (1975). 3649:New Edition Odhams 1938 3437:. Macmillan London 2007 3357:Churchill 'Asquith' in 3183:Martin Gilbert (2000). 3157:. London: Othila Press. 2053:William Randolph Hearst 1929:, Churchill edited the 1705:with Lawrence's friend 1379:2nd Australian Division 1031:Siege of Antwerp (1914) 790:Thoughts and Adventures 627:Trade Disputes Act 1906 467:Lord Randolph Churchill 6232:John Spencer-Churchill 6108:Siege of Sidney Street 5633:In politics, 1900–1939 5455:Churchill: A Biography 5377:Hodder & Stoughton 5346:Aspects of Aristocracy 5181:Current Biography 1942 5026:Gunther, John (1936). 4640:Cite journal requires 4522:. The Churchill Centre 4501:Churchill the Evidence 4433:The Historical Journal 4337:Christopher Catherwood 4313:"Lawrence of Airpower" 4196:The Historical Journal 3928:Marder, A. J. (1961). 3708:Bromage, Mary (1964), 3660:Churchill, Randolph S. 3452:(1994), 17#1 pp 67-99. 3361:Mandarin edition p. 85 3153:Hill, Malcolm (1999). 3122:Churchill, Randolph S. 2938:Aspects of Aristocracy 2554:Germany invaded Poland 2449:intended to marry Mrs 2367: 2314:Churchill was wary of 2307: 2271: 2252:) had been corrected. 2154: 2119:Round Table Conference 2071:at the request of Sir 1982: 1964:Great Offices of State 1927:General Strike of 1926 1859:General Strike of 1926 1778: 1713:with Faisal's brother 1711:Emirate of Transjordan 1360: 1071: 974: 847: 733:Siege of Sidney Street 720: 697: 602:, the newly appointed 549: 506: 378:University of Michigan 277: 249: 237: 224: 215:Churchill's poster in 6149:Bengal famine of 1943 6097:Operation Unthinkable 6034:Palace of Westminster 5825:Arms and the Covenant 5660:Later life, 1945–1965 5643:Chancellor, 1924–1929 5628:Early life, 1874–1904 5464:. Ebury Press, 2008. 5415:Gilbert, Sir Martin. 5401:Churchill, Randolph. 5122:"Edward & Wallis 4986:. New York, Atheneum. 4858:Lukacs, John (1999). 4799:Martin, Hugh (1932). 3990:Hart, B. H. Liddell. 3710:Churchill and Ireland 3697:Fisher of Kilverstone 3681:Joint Force Quarterly 3562:Paul Addison (2005). 3509:. London: Routledge. 3344:Churchill, Randolph. 3320:Jenkins, Roy (1964). 3270:Hyam, Ronald (1968). 3087:"Mr. Brodrick's Army" 2786:. New York: Penguin. 2485:deeply for the King. 2370:founding members of " 2362: 2294: 2266: 2175:St George by-election 2148: 1987:1929 General Election 1977: 1809:1923 general election 1768: 1672:a conference in Cairo 1471:War and Air Secretary 1444:Minister of Munitions 1407:Royal Scots Fusiliers 1355: 1216:Minister of Munitions 1078:(Foreign Secretary), 1065: 969: 868:Sir Francis Bridgeman 843:Churchill in 1911 as 842: 714: 693: 682:Budget Protest League 642:Trade Boards Act 1909 581:William Joynson-Hicks 557:Manchester North West 555:, he won the seat of 553:1906 general election 544: 485: 332:1900 general election 258: 245: 229: 221:1900 general election 214: 163:Minister of Munitions 120:Manchester North West 6172:Clementine Churchill 5838:The Second World War 5817:Great Contemporaries 5777:Ian Hamilton's March 5521:Rhodes James, Robert 5255:Great Contemporaries 5244:Churchill, Winston. 4950:Great Contemporaries 4946:Great Contemporaries 4903:Great Contemporaries 4769:Winston S. Churchill 4559:, pp. 169–174; 4287:After the Victorians 4161:Hamish Hamilton 1972 4105:Great Contemporaries 3461:Randolph Churchill, 3449:Welsh History Review 3359:Great Contemporaries 3189:. Pimlico. pp. 3170:Churchill as Liberal 3068:James, Robert Rhodes 2376:Violet Bonham Carter 2358:Great Contemporaries 2041:Great Contemporaries 1957:. Rather it was his 1948:Communist revolution 1603:in British-occupied 1477:1918 Coupon election 1385:to Gallipoli and to 1222:Dardanelles Campaign 1190:as commander of the 1111:Royal Naval Division 1094:planned to evacuate 1041:victory at the Marne 982:The start of the war 563:, a senior Liberal. 143:Dardanelles Campaign 6119:Sword of Stalingrad 6008:Cultural depictions 6003:Sutherland portrait 5879:Be ye men of valour 5566:(Bloomsbury, 2017). 5562:Toye, Richard, ed. 5509:Croom Helm (1983); 5488:Manchester, William 5476:Manchester, William 5412:. Hutchinson (1953) 5293:The People's Rights 5275:Mr. Brodrick's Army 5196:. (c) 1977: p. 972. 5107:Macmillan, Harold. 4727:. London: Pimlico. 4575:, pp. 477–479. 4563:, pp. 475–476. 4503:. 14 November 1922. 4300:Winston S Churchill 3729:The Gathering Storm 3533:(2008) pp. 95-114. 3465:. 1967), pp. 359–65 2530:Neville Chamberlain 2526:Leslie Hore-Belisha 2396:Neville Chamberlain 2356:. In his 1937 book 2325:The Gathering Storm 2250:The Gathering Storm 2236:The Gathering Storm 2094:Indian independence 2065:Lord Alfred Douglas 1999:National Government 1970:Political isolation 1887:John Maynard Keynes 1661:Irish National Army 1479:, Churchill became 1228:Battle of Gallipoli 1088:Sir William Tyrrell 941:The Gathering Storm 715:Winston Churchill ( 669:Parliament Act 1911 658:Robert Rhodes James 593:Dundee constituency 577:the law at the time 535:Orange River Colony 207:Entry into politics 6196:Marigold Churchill 6184:Randolph Churchill 6103:Political ideology 6014:Churchillian Drift 5948:(Fulton, Missouri) 5340:Cannadine, David. 5098:. Bodley Head 1977 5013:Independent Member 4373:on 6 October 2007. 4317:Air Force Magazine 4225:. Churchill Centre 3741:H. Montgomery Hyde 2747:Churchill, Winston 2578:Mr Brodrick's Army 2339:opposing Japan in 2216:Austen Chamberlain 2155: 2084:universal suffrage 1983: 1733:hospital in Iraq. 1625:Anglo-Irish Treaty 1615:Colonial Secretary 1573:Auxiliary Division 1466:Post-war coalition 1411:Archibald Sinclair 1372:Colonial Secretary 1250:Gallipoli Campaign 1212:Landship Committee 1115:lieutenant-general 1072: 917:Home Rule Act 1914 848: 772:1887 Bloody Sunday 721: 673:William Manchester 600:David Lloyd George 507: 488:David Lloyd George 478:Growing prominence 472:Theodore Roosevelt 409:Crossing the floor 394:Joseph Chamberlain 353:dissidents led by 320:Joseph Chamberlain 316:Colonial Secretary 225: 155:David Lloyd George 100:entered Parliament 6266:Winston Churchill 6253: 6252: 6208:Winston Churchill 6069: 6068: 6039:Parliament Square 5690:Death and funeral 5665:Electoral history 5614:Winston Churchill 5555:Taylor, A. J. P. 5545:(2018) pp 77–465. 5541:Roberts, Andrew. 5534:978-02-97820-15-4 5470:978-0-09-193336-4 5440:Churchill: A Life 5386:978-0-15-117881-0 5319:Secondary sources 5192:Gilbert, Martin. 5167:Taylor, A. J. P. 4815:Cambridge Journal 4750:Amid these Storms 4734:978-1-84413-418-2 4692:978-01-98203-17-9 4601:978-1-84018-631-4 4557:Rhodes James 1970 4157:Taylor, A. J. P. 3972:978-1-84574-273-7 3773:. 26 October 2005 3545:Candice Millard, 3516:978-0-415-23926-4 3186:Churchill: a life 3126:Winston Churchill 2884:978-03-30488-05-1 2793:978-01-43117-99-5 2762:978-09-07871-62-0 2630:Morning Chronicle 2489:Return from exile 2431:Abdication crisis 2337:League of Nations 2310:German rearmament 2200:Gandhi–Irwin Pact 2160:Amritsar massacre 2069:Battle of Jutland 2049:Wall Street Crash 1709:as King, and the 1619:Churchill became 1559:Aleksandr Kolchak 1437:Battle of Jutland 1419:Sir Edward Carson 1127:General Rawlinson 929:Ulster Volunteers 921:Sir Edward Carson 419:crossed the floor 370:St John Broderick 326:Member for Oldham 196:abdication crisis 104:member for Oldham 81:Winston Churchill 75: 74: 67: 6288: 6061:Washington, D.C. 6021: 6020: 5997:The Roaring Lion 5793:The World Crisis 5607: 5600: 5593: 5584: 5583: 5538: 5495: 5483: 5443: 5398: 5249:The World Crisis 5226: 5225: 5212: 5206: 5203: 5197: 5190: 5184: 5178: 5172: 5165: 5159: 5152: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5118: 5112: 5109:The Blast of War 5105: 5099: 5092: 5086: 5079: 5073: 5066: 5060: 5053: 5047: 5040: 5034: 5033: 5023: 5017: 5016: 5006: 5000: 4994: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4976:Nicolson, Harold 4972: 4966: 4959: 4953: 4943: 4912: 4906: 4899: 4893: 4886: 4880: 4879: 4855: 4846: 4839: 4833: 4824: 4818: 4811: 4805: 4804: 4796: 4790: 4787: 4781: 4780: 4764: 4755: 4745: 4739: 4738: 4720: 4705: 4704: 4679:Louis, Wm. Roger 4671: 4662: 4656: 4650: 4649: 4643: 4638: 4636: 4628: 4612: 4606: 4605: 4587: 4576: 4570: 4564: 4554: 4548: 4538: 4532: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4511: 4505: 4504: 4493: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4466: 4457: 4456: 4428: 4422: 4421: 4401: 4395: 4381: 4375: 4374: 4372: 4366:. Archived from 4365: 4357: 4351: 4334: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4309: 4303: 4296: 4290: 4283: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4262: 4254: 4248: 4241: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4218: 4212: 4205: 4199: 4192: 4186: 4181: 4175: 4172:The World Crisis 4168: 4162: 4155: 4134: 4131:The World Crisis 4127: 4121: 4114: 4108: 4102: 4096: 4089: 4083: 4076: 4070: 4063: 4057: 4051: 4045: 4044: 4032: 4019: 4013: 4001: 3995: 3988: 3977: 3976: 3955: 3949: 3942: 3936: 3935: 3925: 3914: 3913: 3895: 3866: 3863: 3857: 3854: 3833: 3830: 3807: 3804: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3765: 3759: 3752: 3746: 3738: 3732: 3726: 3713: 3706: 3700: 3695:Mackay, Ruddock 3693: 3684: 3679:, Erik J. Dahl, 3674: 3668: 3667: 3656: 3650: 3647:The World Crisis 3644: 3623: 3622: 3606: 3600: 3586: 3580: 3579: 3559: 3550: 3543: 3537: 3527: 3521: 3520: 3502: 3493: 3492: 3472: 3466: 3459: 3453: 3444: 3438: 3424: 3418: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3401: 3395: 3394: 3378: 3368: 3362: 3355: 3349: 3342: 3336: 3331: 3325: 3318: 3312: 3311: 3305: 3297: 3282: 3276: 3275: 3267: 3261: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3245: 3239: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3211: 3205: 3204: 3180: 3174: 3173: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3150: 3144: 3143: 3136: 3130: 3129: 3118: 3112: 3111: 3110:. 15 March 2015. 3104: 3098: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3083: 3077: 3075: 3064: 2941: 2935: 2923: 2914:Cannadine, David 2910: 2889: 2888: 2867: 2798: 2797: 2776: 2767: 2766: 2743: 2721: 2718: 2712: 2701: 2695: 2692: 2686: 2682: 2676: 2670: 2664: 2653: 2647: 2643: 2637: 2626: 2620: 2617: 2611: 2608: 2602: 2595: 2589: 2586: 2580: 2574: 2546:absorbed Austria 2542:Munich Agreement 2511:Ramsay MacDonald 2382:, and Professor 2354:Benito Mussolini 2350:Hoare-Laval Pact 2262:Harold Macmillan 2100:Simon Commission 1995:Ramsay MacDonald 1907:Lord Beaverbrook 1891:Reginald McKenna 1797:Edwin Scrymgeour 1776: 1719:Winston's Hiccup 1699:Sir Henry Wilson 1629:Irish Free State 1269:Sackville Carden 1184:George Callaghan 1162:The World Crisis 1136:The Morning Post 949:Curragh Incident 860:The World Crisis 776:Trafalgar Square 612:Reginald McKenna 436:Always have been 423:House of Commons 400:. Chamberlain's 390:Liberal Unionist 334:, known as the " 301:for the seat of 231:Were it not for 70: 63: 59: 56: 50: 27: 26: 19: 6296: 6295: 6291: 6290: 6289: 6287: 6286: 6285: 6256: 6255: 6254: 6249: 6190:Sarah Churchill 6178:Diana Churchill 6158: 6139:Tonypandy riots 6081:Blenheim Palace 6065: 6019: 5964:Memorial Trusts 5918: 5912: 5852: 5732: 5694: 5616: 5611: 5573: 5535: 5498:Pearson, John. 5436:Gilbert, Martin 5408:Eade, Charles. 5387: 5333:Addison, Paul. 5327: 5321: 5235: 5233:Primary sources 5230: 5229: 5213: 5209: 5204: 5200: 5191: 5187: 5179: 5175: 5166: 5162: 5158:p. 269 Pan 1993 5153: 5149: 5139: 5137: 5120: 5119: 5115: 5106: 5102: 5093: 5089: 5080: 5076: 5067: 5063: 5057:Stanley Baldwin 5054: 5050: 5044:Walter Monckton 5041: 5037: 5024: 5020: 5007: 5003: 4995: 4991: 4973: 4969: 4960: 4956: 4913: 4909: 4900: 4896: 4892:pp. 1, 2, 213ff 4887: 4883: 4876: 4856: 4849: 4840: 4836: 4825: 4821: 4812: 4808: 4797: 4793: 4788: 4784: 4765: 4758: 4746: 4742: 4735: 4721: 4708: 4693: 4681:, eds. (1993). 4672: 4665: 4657: 4653: 4641: 4639: 4630: 4629: 4613: 4609: 4602: 4588: 4579: 4571: 4567: 4555: 4551: 4539: 4535: 4525: 4523: 4512: 4508: 4495: 4494: 4490: 4480: 4478: 4467: 4460: 4439:(4): 977–1006. 4429: 4425: 4418: 4402: 4398: 4382: 4378: 4370: 4363: 4359: 4358: 4354: 4335: 4331: 4321: 4319: 4311: 4310: 4306: 4298:Martin Gilbert 4297: 4293: 4289:Hutchinson 2005 4284: 4275: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4256: 4255: 4251: 4242: 4238: 4228: 4226: 4219: 4215: 4206: 4202: 4193: 4189: 4182: 4178: 4169: 4165: 4156: 4137: 4128: 4124: 4115: 4111: 4103: 4099: 4090: 4086: 4077: 4073: 4064: 4060: 4052: 4048: 4041: 4020: 4016: 4011:Wayback Machine 4002: 3998: 3989: 3980: 3973: 3956: 3952: 3944:Phillip Magnus 3943: 3939: 3926: 3917: 3910: 3896: 3869: 3864: 3860: 3855: 3836: 3831: 3810: 3805: 3786: 3776: 3774: 3767: 3766: 3762: 3758:pp. 156–58 3753: 3749: 3739: 3735: 3727: 3716: 3707: 3703: 3694: 3687: 3675: 3671: 3657: 3653: 3645: 3626: 3607: 3603: 3587: 3583: 3576: 3560: 3553: 3544: 3540: 3528: 3524: 3517: 3503: 3496: 3489: 3473: 3469: 3460: 3456: 3445: 3441: 3425: 3421: 3411: 3409: 3404: 3402: 3398: 3391: 3369: 3365: 3356: 3352: 3343: 3339: 3332: 3328: 3324:Chilmark Press. 3319: 3315: 3299: 3298: 3283: 3279: 3268: 3264: 3254: 3252: 3247: 3246: 3242: 3236:Rhodri Williams 3234: 3230: 3220: 3218: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3201: 3181: 3177: 3166: 3162: 3151: 3147: 3138: 3137: 3133: 3119: 3115: 3106: 3105: 3101: 3091: 3089: 3085: 3084: 3080: 3065: 2944: 2940:. Penguin 1994. 2932: 2911: 2892: 2885: 2868: 2801: 2794: 2777: 2770: 2763: 2744: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2724: 2719: 2715: 2702: 2698: 2693: 2689: 2683: 2679: 2671: 2667: 2654: 2650: 2644: 2640: 2627: 2623: 2618: 2614: 2609: 2605: 2596: 2592: 2587: 2583: 2575: 2571: 2566: 2500:Brendan Bracken 2491: 2443:Walter Monckton 2439: 2433: 2411:A. J. P. Taylor 2312: 2232:Stanley Baldwin 2183:Lord Rothermere 2151:Stanley Baldwin 2140:Indian Congress 2136:Mohandas Gandhi 2106: 2096: 2061:Lord Birkenhead 2057:Brendan Bracken 2036:struck by a car 1972: 1932:British Gazette 1863:Bank of England 1851:Stanley Baldwin 1843: 1837: 1777: 1774: 1767: 1750:Walter Congreve 1736:With regard to 1703:Kingdom of Iraq 1657:Irish Civil War 1617: 1493:Luton Town Hall 1473: 1468: 1427: 1425:Return to power 1331:Sir Edward Grey 1319: 1261:Battle of Liège 1244:commanding the 1234: 1226:Main articles: 1224: 1204: 1180: 1141:Venetia Stanley 1076:Sir Edward Grey 1033: 1027: 984: 979: 925:Ulster Covenant 877:Queen Elizabeth 837: 823: 821:Prison reformer 815:Theresa Garnett 762:and authorised 752:Richard Haldane 748:Tonypandy riots 709: 665:People's Budget 629:overturned the 623:Liberal reforms 585:Aliens Act 1905 561:Lord Tweedmouth 500:People's Budget 496:Liberal reforms 480: 411: 355:Lord Hugh Cecil 328: 281:Primrose League 253:Ulster Unionism 209: 204: 71: 60: 54: 51: 40: 34:has an unclear 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6294: 6284: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6251: 6250: 6248: 6247: 6244:Leonard Jerome 6241: 6235: 6229: 6226:Jack Churchill 6223: 6217: 6211: 6205: 6199: 6193: 6187: 6181: 6175: 6168: 6166: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6133:The Other Club 6129: 6122: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6077: 6075: 6071: 6070: 6067: 6066: 6064: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6047: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6027: 6025: 6018: 6017: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5982: 5981: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5960: 5959: 5949: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5922: 5920: 5914: 5913: 5911: 5910: 5903: 5896: 5889: 5882: 5875: 5868: 5860: 5858: 5854: 5853: 5851: 5850: 5842: 5834: 5829: 5821: 5813: 5805: 5797: 5789: 5781: 5773: 5765: 5757: 5749: 5740: 5738: 5734: 5733: 5731: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5719: 5718: 5713: 5702: 5700: 5696: 5695: 5693: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5651: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5630: 5624: 5622: 5618: 5617: 5610: 5609: 5602: 5595: 5587: 5581: 5580: 5572: 5571:External links 5569: 5568: 5567: 5560: 5553: 5546: 5539: 5533: 5517: 5505:Prior, Robin. 5503: 5496: 5484: 5472: 5458: 5453:Jenkins, Roy. 5451: 5444: 5442:. London: BCA. 5432: 5413: 5406: 5399: 5385: 5367:Charmley, John 5363: 5356: 5349: 5338: 5323:Main article: 5320: 5317: 5316: 5315: 5308: 5302: 5296: 5290: 5284: 5281:For Free Trade 5278: 5265: 5264: 5257: 5252: 5234: 5231: 5228: 5227: 5207: 5198: 5185: 5173: 5160: 5147: 5136:on 8 June 2008 5126:22nd May 1950" 5113: 5111:Macmillan 1970 5100: 5087: 5074: 5061: 5048: 5035: 5018: 5010:Herbert, A. P. 5001: 4989: 4967: 4954: 4916:Carlton, David 4907: 4894: 4881: 4874: 4847: 4834: 4829:Old Men Forget 4826:Cooper, Duff. 4819: 4806: 4791: 4782: 4756: 4740: 4733: 4706: 4691: 4663: 4661:, p. 404. 4651: 4642:|journal= 4607: 4600: 4577: 4565: 4549: 4533: 4506: 4488: 4458: 4423: 4416: 4396: 4383:Omissi, D. E. 4376: 4352: 4329: 4304: 4291: 4285:Wilson, A. N. 4273: 4249: 4236: 4213: 4200: 4187: 4176: 4163: 4135: 4122: 4109: 4097: 4084: 4071: 4058: 4046: 4039: 4023:Carlyon, L. A. 4014: 3996: 3978: 3971: 3959:Callwell, C.E. 3950: 3937: 3915: 3908: 3867: 3858: 3834: 3808: 3784: 3760: 3747: 3733: 3714: 3701: 3685: 3669: 3651: 3624: 3601: 3581: 3574: 3551: 3538: 3522: 3515: 3494: 3487: 3467: 3454: 3439: 3419: 3396: 3389: 3363: 3350: 3337: 3326: 3313: 3277: 3262: 3240: 3228: 3206: 3199: 3175: 3160: 3145: 3131: 3113: 3099: 3078: 2942: 2930: 2890: 2883: 2799: 2792: 2768: 2761: 2732: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2722: 2713: 2696: 2687: 2677: 2665: 2648: 2638: 2621: 2612: 2603: 2599:For Free Trade 2590: 2581: 2568: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2507:Desmond Morton 2490: 2487: 2474:Alistair Cooke 2459:Clement Attlee 2455:Lord Salisbury 2451:Wallis Simpson 2441:In June 1936, 2435:Main article: 2432: 2429: 2384:Gilbert Murray 2320:German Embassy 2311: 2308: 2095: 2092: 1971: 1968: 1867:Montagu Norman 1849:in 1924 under 1839:Main article: 1836: 1833: 1793:prohibitionist 1791:, and a local 1772: 1766: 1763: 1759:Black and Tans 1684:Hugh Trenchard 1676:T. E. Lawrence 1616: 1613: 1577:Black and Tans 1528:Woodrow Wilson 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1426: 1423: 1323:Neuve Chapelle 1318: 1315: 1311:Clement Attlee 1294:John de Robeck 1257:Admiral Oliver 1238:Lord Kitchener 1223: 1220: 1203: 1200: 1179: 1176: 1084:First Sea Lord 1029:Main article: 1026: 1023: 1018:Admiral Beatty 999:Sultan Osman I 983: 980: 978: 975: 913:Irish National 905:First Sea Lord 872:naval aviation 836: 833: 822: 819: 807:Arthur Balfour 764:Nevil Macready 744:Rhondda Valley 725:Home Secretary 708: 707:Home Secretary 705: 689:House of Lords 631:Taff Vale Case 527:Boer republics 479: 476: 455: 454: 410: 407: 336:Khaki election 327: 324: 208: 205: 203: 200: 132:Home Secretary 114:, joining the 112:British Empire 73: 72: 36:citation style 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6293: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6263: 6261: 6246:(grandfather) 6245: 6242: 6240:(grandmother) 6239: 6236: 6234:(grandfather) 6233: 6230: 6227: 6224: 6221: 6218: 6215: 6212: 6209: 6206: 6203: 6200: 6197: 6194: 6191: 6188: 6185: 6182: 6179: 6176: 6173: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6161: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6134: 6130: 6127: 6123: 6120: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6098: 6094: 6092: 6091:Norway Debate 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6078: 6076: 6072: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6028: 6026: 6022: 6015: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5998: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5986:Epstein busts 5984: 5980: 5977: 5976: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5958: 5955: 5954: 5953: 5950: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5923: 5921: 5915: 5908: 5904: 5901: 5897: 5894: 5890: 5887: 5883: 5880: 5876: 5873: 5869: 5866: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5855: 5849: 5847: 5843: 5841: 5839: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5822: 5820: 5818: 5814: 5812: 5810: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5801:My Early Life 5798: 5796: 5794: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5774: 5772: 5770: 5766: 5764: 5762: 5761:The River War 5758: 5756: 5754: 5750: 5748: 5746: 5742: 5741: 5739: 5735: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5708: 5707: 5704: 5703: 5701: 5697: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5608: 5603: 5601: 5596: 5594: 5589: 5588: 5585: 5578: 5575: 5574: 5565: 5561: 5558: 5554: 5551: 5547: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5516: 5515:0-70992-011-3 5512: 5508: 5504: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5456: 5452: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5411: 5407: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5373: 5368: 5364: 5361: 5357: 5354: 5350: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5336: 5332: 5331: 5330: 5326: 5313: 5309: 5306: 5303: 5300: 5297: 5294: 5291: 5288: 5285: 5282: 5279: 5276: 5273: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5263: 5262: 5261:My Early Life 5258: 5256: 5253: 5250: 5247: 5246: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5223: 5222: 5221:Inside Europe 5217: 5216:Gunther, John 5211: 5202: 5195: 5189: 5182: 5177: 5170: 5164: 5157: 5154:Pearson, J/. 5151: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5125: 5117: 5110: 5104: 5097: 5091: 5084: 5078: 5071: 5065: 5058: 5052: 5045: 5039: 5031: 5030: 5029:Inside Europe 5022: 5014: 5011: 5005: 4998: 4993: 4984: 4983: 4977: 4971: 4964: 4958: 4951: 4947: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4911: 4904: 4898: 4891: 4888:Charmley. J. 4885: 4877: 4875:0-300-08030-1 4871: 4867: 4863: 4862: 4854: 4852: 4844: 4838: 4831: 4830: 4823: 4817:November 1948 4816: 4810: 4802: 4795: 4786: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4763: 4761: 4753: 4751: 4744: 4736: 4730: 4726: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4675:Blake, Robert 4670: 4668: 4660: 4655: 4647: 4634: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4611: 4603: 4597: 4593: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4574: 4569: 4562: 4558: 4553: 4546: 4542: 4537: 4521: 4517: 4510: 4502: 4498: 4492: 4476: 4472: 4465: 4463: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4427: 4419: 4417:9780795344541 4413: 4409: 4408: 4400: 4393: 4392: 4386: 4380: 4369: 4362: 4356: 4349: 4348: 4342: 4338: 4333: 4318: 4314: 4308: 4301: 4295: 4288: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4259: 4253: 4246: 4245:The Aftermath 4240: 4224: 4217: 4210: 4204: 4197: 4191: 4185: 4180: 4174:pp. 1140–1156 4173: 4167: 4160: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4133:pp. 1098–1111 4132: 4126: 4119: 4118:Men and Power 4113: 4106: 4101: 4094: 4091:Aitken, Max. 4088: 4081: 4075: 4068: 4067:King George V 4065:Kenneth Rose 4062: 4055: 4050: 4042: 4040:0-553-81506-7 4036: 4031: 4030: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4008: 4005: 4000: 3993: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3974: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3954: 3947: 3941: 3933: 3930: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3911: 3905: 3901: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3862: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3772: 3771: 3764: 3757: 3756:King George V 3751: 3745: 3742: 3737: 3730: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3711: 3705: 3698: 3692: 3690: 3682: 3678: 3673: 3665: 3661: 3655: 3648: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3620: 3616: 3615:History Today 3612: 3605: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3590:The Historian 3585: 3577: 3575:9780191608575 3571: 3567: 3566: 3558: 3556: 3548: 3542: 3536: 3532: 3526: 3518: 3512: 3508: 3501: 3499: 3490: 3488:9781476665832 3484: 3480: 3479: 3471: 3464: 3458: 3451: 3450: 3443: 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2810: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2795: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2780:Johnson, Paul 2775: 2773: 2764: 2758: 2754: 2753: 2752:My Early Life 2748: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2733: 2717: 2710: 2706: 2700: 2691: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2662: 2658: 2652: 2642: 2635: 2634:Freddie Guest 2631: 2625: 2616: 2607: 2600: 2597:He published 2594: 2585: 2579: 2573: 2569: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2503: 2501: 2497: 2496:Duncan Sandys 2486: 2482: 2478: 2475: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2438: 2428: 2425: 2419: 2416: 2412: 2407: 2405: 2404:Thomas Inskip 2401: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2385: 2381: 2380:Wickham Steed 2377: 2373: 2366: 2361: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2333: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2306: 2303: 2299: 2293: 2291: 2287: 2282: 2280: 2276: 2275:My Early Life 2270: 2265: 2263: 2259: 2253: 2251: 2247: 2246: 2241: 2240:1935 election 2237: 2233: 2228: 2226: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2208: 2203: 2201: 2196: 2192: 2191:tariff reform 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 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1005: 1001: 1000: 995: 994: 990:battleships ( 989: 973: 968: 966: 965:My Early Life 960: 958: 957:King George V 954: 950: 946: 942: 936: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 909: 906: 902: 897: 895: 891: 887: 885: 880: 878: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 856:Agadir Crisis 853: 846: 841: 832: 829: 818: 816: 811: 808: 804: 800: 795: 791: 786: 783: 782: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 740: 738: 734: 730: 726: 718: 713: 704: 702: 696: 692: 690: 685: 683: 679: 678:Budget League 674: 670: 666: 661: 659: 653: 651: 647: 643: 639: 634: 632: 628: 624: 619: 617: 614:proposed six 613: 609: 605: 601: 596: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 569:H. H. Asquith 564: 562: 558: 554: 548: 543: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 484: 475: 473: 469: 468: 462: 460: 452: 451: 450: 448: 443: 441: 437: 432: 429:. His cousin 428: 427:Liberal Party 424: 420: 416: 406: 403: 402:Tariff Reform 399: 398:C. T. Ritchie 395: 391: 386: 384: 379: 374: 371: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 347: 344: 339: 337: 333: 323: 321: 317: 313: 312:Alfred Milner 307: 304: 300: 295: 293: 292: 286: 282: 276: 274: 270: 267: 263: 257: 254: 248: 244: 242: 241:Lord Randolph 236: 234: 228: 222: 218: 213: 199: 197: 193: 188: 187:Gold Standard 184: 178: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 159:H. H. Asquith 157:had replaced 156: 152: 151:Western Front 148: 144: 139: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 106:in 1900 as a 105: 101: 96: 94: 90: 86: 82: 77: 69: 66: 58: 48: 44: 38: 37: 32:This article 30: 21: 20: 5995: 5907:Iron Curtain 5845: 5837: 5824: 5816: 5808: 5800: 5792: 5784: 5776: 5768: 5760: 5755:(1899 novel) 5752: 5744: 5680:Racial views 5670:As a painter 5632: 5563: 5556: 5550:Lloyd George 5549: 5548:Rowland, P. 5542: 5524: 5506: 5502:. Pan (1993) 5499: 5491: 5479: 5461: 5454: 5447: 5439: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5409: 5402: 5371: 5359: 5352: 5345: 5341: 5334: 5328: 5311: 5304: 5298: 5292: 5286: 5280: 5274: 5267: 5266: 5259: 5254: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5236: 5220: 5210: 5201: 5193: 5188: 5180: 5176: 5168: 5163: 5155: 5150: 5138:. 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Winston Churchill in politics, 1900–1939

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