Republic of Venice

4097:, salt and spices exchanged as early as the 9th century; the testament of Bishop Orso Participazio, in which pepper is mentioned, dates back to 853. In addition to pepper, Venice traded large quantities of cinnamon, cumin, coriander, cloves and many other spices which played a fundamental role in the preservation of meat, for the flavoring of wines and for medical treatments of which Venetian medicine made a large use. Spices also include sugar, produced in Cyprus and refined in Venice and all the perfumes and incenses widely used by Venetian patricians and during religious functions. In addition to spices, the East also supplied precious stones and silk, vice versa Venice brought European metals, wood, leather and fabrics to the East. Another good of which Venice held a monopoly was salt, which was shared wherever there was some, and given its usefulness the Republic obliged every merchant to transport a certain quantity. The salt monopoly, as well as being a commercial privilege, was also a political deterrent against foreign nations. Another commodity of fundamental importance was the cereals which were managed by the Wheat Chamber to combat possible famines. There was also a large import of oil used not only in seasoning but also for lighting. 3963:. The salt pans were made up of a series of dams, basins and canals that allowed them to function correctly. Their extension was notable; the Chioggia salt pans occupied an area of approximately 30 km² which corresponded to ninety times the size of the city. The impetus for the foundations' construction was given by the Doge and the great ducal families who held the property. The estates of the nobles were rented to the families of the salt workers who independently maintained the salt pan and extracted the salt. The owners of the land had an exclusively economic relationship with the salt workers; consequently the nobles, owners of the land, could not consider themselves feudal lords as was the case in the rest of Europe in the cultivation of wheat. The salt workers also organized consortia which made noble imposition of the landowners even more difficult. In the 14th century, during the height of commercial expansion, salt production in the lagoon had decreased. Regardless, Venice maintained a monopoly on this precious commodity by requiring merchants to transport a certain percentage of salt which was often purchased in Puglia, Sicily, Sardinia, the Balearic Islands, Cyprus and on the coast of Libya. 1821: 1719: 3842:. The tribunal, in addition to being made up of its judges appointed by the doge, also availed itself of the help of the bishops and the patriarch of Grado and the most widespread punishment for those convicted was that of being burned at the stake. These magistrates continued to intervene as lay members even in the trials of the Inquisition, often coming into conflict with the Church and sometimes mitigating the harshness of the punishment. Furthermore, the Inquisition only had power over Christians and not over members of other confessions such as Jews. The government also regulated the construction of places of worship, limited bequests to the Church, favored by the presence of parish priests-notaries, and controlled priests who preached against the government, sometimes expelling them from the state. 2971: 3457: 2901: 9811: 1070: 3637: 2807:. The members of the Signoria also had the power to propose and vote on laws in the presided over assemblies and to convene the Great Council at any time. The Minor Council was elected by the Major Council and was made up of six councilors elected three at a time every eight months; since they remained in office for one year, the three outgoing councilors played the role of Inferior Councilors for four months and presided over the Quarantia Criminale representing the Signoria. Within the Minor Council one of the Three State Inquisitors was elected and following the death of the Doge it elected a Deputy Doge and presided over the Republic with the rest of the Signoria. 7852: 146: 2719: 9835: 91: 3362:, the key structure of the Venetian navy. In this extensive complex of workshops and shipyards, ships were built and armed. The Arsenal also contained several schools in which personnel were trained, also with the help of French and English workers, to make the construction of ships and vessels more efficient and of higher quality. The preparation of the fleet was decided by the armament supervisors who took care of the maintenance of the decommissioned ships and the assignment of the soldiers and rowers. The recruitment operations for sailors were instead carried out by the presidents of the Militia of the Sea, who following the 4322: 84: 2738: 3411: 112: 4297:

were widespread and the shoes were usually leather sandals. Over the cassock, men often wore large cloaks as well as belts and hats. The clothes of noblewomen were made of embroidered silk, very long and low-cut. They usually also wore trailing cloaks and furs from a large variety of animals, among which the ermine stood out. With the establishment of the guild in the 13th century, the art of tailors was also regulated and protected with the institution of dress tailors, ziponi tailors and sock tailors who dedicated themselves respectively to making clothes, fustian jackets and socks.

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were responsible for reporting and managing the troops and their equipment. In the 16th century, the Cernide were established, territorial militias managed by the Rector of the regiment and made up of around a hundred men dedicated to the defense of land and maritime possessions, where they took the name of "craine"; they were managed by Savio ai Ordini. In wartime, the armies were coordinated by the Captain General of the Mainland, usually an expert mercenary who was supported by the Superintendent General and who took orders from the Sage of Scripture or the Minister of War.

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were then removed once the home was reached. Between the 15th and 16th centuries the Baroque influence led to the excesses of noble clothing which in this era also began to be embellished with locally produced Burano lace. To prevent the nobles and patricians from spending enormous amounts of money on clothing, in 1488 the Republic issued laws aimed at limiting the use of excessively expensive clothes, so much so that in 1514 pump supervisors were established who had the task of monitoring the amount of money spent on private parties, clothes and other luxury goods.

2334: 1343: 1105:, who, similarly to the doge, was assassinated in 727 following a revolt. Father Pietro Antonio of Venetia, in his history of the lagoon city published in 1688, writes: "The precise time in which that family arrived in the Adria is not found, but rather, what already an inhabitant of the islands, by the princes, who welcomed citizens, and supported with the advantage of significant riches, in the year 697 she contributed to the nomination of the first Prince Marco Contarini, one of the 22 Tribunes of the Islands, who made the election". In 726, 9799: 9731: 3119:, count or governor, in larger regiments was also assisted by two councilors and other administrators. The army and police were under the command of the Captain while the borders were supervised by the Castellani, the Chancellors administered justice while finance was managed by the Camerlenghi. The superintendent generals acted above the podestàs and, in addition to having the power to choose the rectors in case of danger, were normally involved in supervising the podestàs by sending supervisors called sindi inquisitors. 156: 3100: 9823: 9756: 3851: 11056: 3776: 2991:, so much so that in the 16th century 2,095 nobles participated in a session and in 1527 those entitled to sit reached 2,746. Each member of the Great Council was allowed to vote and propose a new law which then had to be approved by the Council itself, which was also responsible for reforming and repealing the laws. While the legislative power was mostly held by the Senate, the elective power was almost exclusive to the Great Council. The council elected eighty-four magistracies including: the 4054:. Commercial traffic reached its peak in the 13th century, but continued to be fundamental in the political and social life of Venice until the end of the 16th century. This period saw the establishment of state-sanctioned mude, convoys of ships contracted to merchants which were used to reach faraway lands including India, China, England and Flanders. The Republic's trade was so extensive that in 1325 the existence of Venetian settlements was noted in northern European cities including 2168: 3647: 12810: 4220: 4282: 2593: 9961: 1988: 3991: 3585:. To prevent the concentration of power in a few hands, ensure a certain turnover and allow the greatest number of aristocrats to have employment, all these positions were short-lived, often lasting only one year and were often poorly paid. Nobles were not allowed to have relations with foreigners, leave the borders of the Republic, ask for pardons or distribute money; the nobility maintained itself even after judicial accusations and betrayal of the homeland. 12777: 10926: 1973: 9785: 2451: 3974:, traded as early as the 9th century in the form of sheets, is still considered one of the leading products of the Venetian industry. Because of its quality, Venetian glass was used to make works of art exported all over the world. Its production was located solely on the island of Murano to avoid the spread of fires within the capital. Despite the glass production, the most successful activity was that of shipbuilding which took place within the 10916: 3442:

who also took care of the control of brothels, the pump supervisors instead controlled the excesses of the nobles while the magistrates controlled health and the healthiness of public places. The new Justice controlled fraud and the Censors controlled corruption among public offices. For political and more internal matters, the Republic sometimes also resorted to the use of hit men and had a network of spies comparable to modern secret services.

2083:, in the Ghiara d'Adda, marking one of the most delicate points in Venetian history. French and imperial troops were occupying Veneto, but Venice managed to extricate itself through diplomatic efforts. The Apulian ports were ceded to come to terms with Spain, and Julius II soon recognized the danger brought by the eventual destruction of Venice (then the only Italian power able to face kingdoms like France or empires like the Ottomans). 2184: 9743: 632: 12766: 10936: 12796: 2928:. There were six Sages of the Council and they established the agenda of the work of the Senate while the Sages of the Orders, initially responsible for the management of the mude and the navy, progressively lost importance. The Sages of the Mainland were five, one was the Sage of the Ceremonials, one the Sage who dealt with the dispatch of the laws, while the other three were proper ministers: 1494: 1000:

the latter lived off of commercial affairs and free markets. Moreover, the monarchies, in addition to being led by a single ruling family, were more prone to war and religious uniformity. This increasingly noticeable difference between monarchy and republic began to be specified also in official documents, and it was hence that names such as the

2307:, after a heroic siege that lasted 21 years, Venice lost its major overseas possession – the island of Crete (although it kept the control of the bases of Spinalonga and Suda) – while it made some advances in Dalmatia. In 1684, however, taking advantage of the Ottoman involvement against Austria in the 2238:, a sharp polemical writer who was nominated to be the Signoria's adviser on theology and canon law in 1606. The interdict was lifted after a year, when France intervened and proposed a formula of compromise. Venice was satisfied with reaffirming the principle that no citizen was superior to the normal processes of law. 3758:

sector, so much so that in the last twenty years of the 15th century one book in ten in Europe was printed in Venice. Book production in Venice was encouraged not only by the rules in favor of publishers, but also by the lack of censorship; in the 16th century works prohibited in the rest of Europe such as the

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so as not to create disorder in the city and to be able to carry out their traditions and pray in the synagogues. In Venice there were five synagogues belonging to the different Venetian Jewish communities, also called universities or nations, which held the liturgy here following different rites for

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The Republic of Venice recognized Catholicism as the state religion and while remaining relatively tolerant compared to other confessions, there were many laws in favor of Catholic traditions given that according the 1770 census, approximately 86.5% of the population was Catholic. The Catholic Church

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live there or buy a house, Jews were admitted to the capital with permits that were renewed every five or ten years. With a decree dated 22 May 1298, a limit was placed on the interest rate on loans, which was set between 10% and 12% and at the same time a tax of 5% was imposed on commercial traffic.

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made it necessary to resort to venture companies and mercenaries to be able to equip themselves with land forces. The organization of the troops and mercenaries was managed by a set of supervisors who were coordinated by the Inquisitors above the roles, presided over by the Sages of the Mainland, who

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The navy was the main armed force of the Republic for centuries, at least until the 15th century when it was also supported by a land army. The fleet was administered by the Magistrate of the Militia of the Sea, a sort of ministry composed of different magistracies that divided the tasks of governing

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To govern the most important regiments in an impartial and effective way, the podestà was chosen from among the members of the Venetian patriciate, while in secondary regiments the rector was often chosen from among the local nobility. Despite this, the laws and administration varied greatly based on

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A special state security agency created following the Tiepolo conspiracy, it was made up of ten members who had the aim of guaranteeing the security of the Republic and its government through any means. The Council acted as a court with jurisdiction over state security matters; its power was so broad

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and the Mainland Dominions and into two panels of fifteen and twenty-five members for cases of minor importance. Each of the Quarantie was made up of forty members which, added to those of the colleges, made 160 members. The judges rotated starting from the colleges and then arriving at the Quarantia

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Due to its commercial relationship with the East, the sumptuous clothing typical of the Byzantines soon spread in Venice, consisting mostly of embroidered or quilted blue tunics, the symbolic color of the Venetians. Among the common people, however, long canvas dresses decorated with colored stripes

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In 1770 there were only 5,026 Jews, equal to approximately 0.2% of the Republic of Venice's population, but various laws were promulgated for this minority which limited their relationship with Catholics and their civil liberties. Following the expulsion of the Jews in almost all of Europe, the Jews

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in 828 and its arrival in Venice, the lagoon state established a special relationship with its patron. This bond, caused by the particular importance of the relic and above all by the bond existing between the Saint and the Churches of north-eastern Italy which traced their origins to his preaching,

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The fundamental administrative subdivision of the Republic of Venice was the regiment, a small territory administered by a podestà, to which a city was headed. The regiments were born only in the first half of the 15th century via the mechanism of dedications. The Republic required the deposition of

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recaptured Padua in July 1509, successfully defending it against the besieging imperial troops. Spain and the pope broke off their alliance with France, and Venice regained Brescia and Verona from France, also. After seven years of ruinous war, the Serenissima regained its mainland dominions west to

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asserted itself in many countries of continental Europe, radically changing the European political landscape. This change made it possible to more markedly determine the differences between monarchies and republics: while the former had economies governed by strict laws and dominated by agriculture,

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With the beginning of the Renaissance following European fashion, the dresses of noblewomen became increasingly sumptuous, while men began to wear skirts combined with long two-tone stockings. Since the streets were not paved, they risked dirtying clothes, so very high clogs became widespread which

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who had the power to arrest criminals both day and night. In addition to the Lords of the Night, the district leaders also patrolled the streets. However, the order was also managed by a various number of supervisors. Crimes such as rape and blasphemy were regulated by the perpetrators of blasphemy

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to death. Having such broad power, the position lasted only one year and furthermore the ten could not exercise other public functions and had no family ties between them. To guarantee the secrecy of its actions, the Council was entrusted with a sum of money which it administered independently. The

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of the Republic of Venice, the position lasted for life and his name appeared on coins, ducal bulls, judicial sentences and letters sent to foreign governments. His greatest power was to promulgate laws; he also commanded the army during periods of war and had the Sopragastaldo execute all judicial

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decided not to renew the chrysobol of 1082, arousing the reaction of Venice which declared war on the Byzantine Empire in 1122. The war ended in 1126 with the victory of Venice which forced the emperor to stipulate a new agreement characterized by even better conditions than the previous ones, thus

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Pietro II Orseolo gave a notable boost to Venetian commercial expansion by stipulating new commercial privileges with the Holy Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire. In addition to diplomacy, the doge resumed the war against the Narentan pirates that began in the 9th century and in the year 1000 he

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After the plague the ghetto was repopulated by some Eastern European Jews and in 1633 the ghetto was expanded, but in the meantime Venice had lost its centrality and the Jewish community also began to shrink; taxes towards it increased and sectarian movements began to arise. The situation declined

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districts where they were allowed to work; here they trafficked goods and granted money loans, while some carried out the medical profession. Usury work was necessary for the functioning of the city's business activities and therefore, although they did not have citizenship and were not allowed to

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Between the 13th and 14th centuries the power of the doge became purely formal and that of the popular assemblies null and void, even if the tannery was formally abolished only in 1423; this decreed the birth of an oligarchic and aristocratic republic which continued to exist until the fall of the

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landed unopposed near Limassol on 2 July 1570 and laid siege to Nicosia. In an orgy of victory on the day that the city fell – 9 September 1570 – 20,000 Nicosians were put to death, and every church, public building, and palace was looted. Word of the massacre spread, and a few days later, Mustafa

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Throughout its history, the Republic of Venice was characterized by its political order. Inherited from the previous Byzantine administrative structures, its head of state was the doge, a position which became elective from the end of the 9th century. In addition to the doge, the administration of

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The remaining population belonged to other churches such as the Protestant and the Armenian Catholic churches and there were also Islamic merchants, who however did not reside permanently in Venice. The Armenians settled in Venice as early as the mid-13th century, although the construction of the

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to bury their deceased, creating the Jewish cemetery of Venice, which is still functioning today. Towards the end of the 14th century, restrictions on Jews increased and they were only allowed to stay in the city for two weeks; furthermore they were forced to wear a yellow circle as a distinctive

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was implemented in 1297. Following the provision, the power of some of the old houses decreased and in 1310, under the pretext of defeat in the Ferrara War, these families organized themselves in the Tiepolo conspiracy. Once the coup d'état failed and the establishment of a lordship was averted,

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to Paul. Their existence as doges is uncorroborated by any source before the 11th century, but as Norwich suggests, is probably not entirely legendary. Traditionally, the establishment of the Republic is, thus, dated to 697 AD, not to the installation of the first contemporaneously recorded doge,

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was established on 29 March 1516 where the foundries had previously stood and in 1541 it was expanded to make room for the Levantine Jews. The work of the Jews was placed under the supervision of the magistrates in Cattaver, and in addition to managing the ghetto's pawnshops they were allowed to

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opened printing presses in Venice, which towards the end of the 16th century reached 200 businesses, each with higher book circulations than the average for European cities. The large quantity of printing houses scattered throughout the Venetian territory made the city of Venice a leader in the

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Printing and other graphic arts constituted a thriving economic sector of the Republic and the main means of disseminating Venetian knowledge and discoveries in the technical, humanistic and scientific fields. The birth of Venetian publishing dates back to the 15th century, in particular to 18

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and the admirals in command, all patricians, had different degrees of specialisation; for example there were those responsible for navigating rivers and lakes, those dedicated to the war against piracy and those dedicated to surveillance of the islands. The large army, made up of warships, was

1790:, Duke of Milan. Control over the northeast main land routes was also a necessity for the safety of the trades. By 1410, Venice had a navy of 3,300 ships (manned by 36,000 men) and had taken over most of what is now the Veneto, including the cities of Verona (which swore its loyalty in the 3946:

In addition to fishing, lagoon populations heavily relied on salt extraction for their livelihood. Owing to the salt trade, the first lagoon populations were able to purchase goods that the Venetian lagoon did not produce, primarily wheat. A direct competitor in the production of salt was

3597:: Natives of Venice or from Venetian families up to the third degree enjoyed full citizenship, excluding Jews. The original citizens were also allowed to assume public offices, being able to become chancellors, secretaries, lawyers and notaries. Furthermore, citizens joined together in 3046:) to which were added the Council of Ten, the Council of Forty, the College of the Sages and many other magistracies which often held exclusive power to vote or propose laws. The Senate was responsible for legislating mainly on financial, commercial and foreign policies. 2571:

was hired in July 1743 as secretary by Comte de Montaigu, who had been named ambassador of the French in Venice. This short experience, nevertheless, awakened the interest of Rousseau to the policy, which led him to design a large book of political philosophy. After the

817:, penetration into eastern markets became increasingly stronger and, between the 12th and 13th centuries, Venice managed to extend its power into numerous eastern emporiums and commercial ports. The supremacy over the Mediterranean Sea led the Republic to the clash with 4342:, which commemorates the city's patron saint, was also celebrated with equal pomp. During the year, various masses were also held in memory of some fundamental events in the Republic's history, such as the failure of the Tiepolo conspiracy or that hatched by the Doge 813:; it prospered from maritime trade with the Byzantine Empire and other eastern states. To safeguard the trade routes, between the 9th and 11th centuries the Duchy waged several wars, which ensured its complete dominion over the Adriatic. Owing to participation in the 3280:

in the Venetian language, were made up of the territories of northern Italy conquered by the Republic of Venice, where in the event of war the command of the armies was assumed by the Superintendent General of Arms. The mainland possessions were the territories of

2149:. Despite victory at sea over the Turks, Cyprus remained under Ottoman rule for the next three centuries. By 1575, the population of Venice was about 175,000 people, but partly as a result of the plague of 1575–76 the population dropped to 124,000 people by 1581. 4138:, or ducat. The sequin, made of excellent purity gold, weighed approximately 3.5 grams and its minting was interrupted only with the fall of the Republic. Starting from the 16th century, minting took place in a special building overlooking the Marciano Pier, the 3396:

managed in wartime by the Commissioner in the Army and the command of the ships was assigned to naval officers who did not belong to the Veneto patricians. Until the end of the 16th century the large armada was also used for the defense of commercial ships.

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Though the economic vitality of the Venetian Republic had started to decline since the 16th century with the movement of international trade towards the Atlantic, its political regime still appeared in the 18th century as a model for the philosophers of the

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the lord who was promptly replaced with a rector, after which the city's ambassadors went to Venice where the city's indissoluble bond with the Republic was defined. Because of this mechanism, the Republic of Venice managed to incorporate many territories.

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the peculiarities of the regiment itself. The Republic therefore left a lot of freedom of government to the podestà, though at the end of their mandate, after a maximum of four years, the podestà was obliged to deliver a report on their administration.

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The Republic of Venice had numerous historical and folkloristic traditions of various kinds, some of which are still celebrated following its fall. In Venice, religious holidays were celebrated with extremely sumptuous processions directed towards

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The Protestant religion, which could be practiced freely, also spread in the Republic of Venice through commercial relations maintained with the Germans and the Swiss. In 1649 the Protestants obtained the possibility of burying their dead in the

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came into use among women's clothing, a modest dress which consisted of a long dress, usually black, and a white scarf. The poorer women, on the other hand, wore a round white dress that covered the head with a hood and was tied with a belt.

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for the reduced sum of 100,000 ducats. Venice exploited the situation and quickly installed nobility to govern the area, for example, Count Filippo Stipanov in Zara. This move by the Venetians was a response to the threatening expansion of

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In addition to the Catholic faith in the Republic of Venice, particularly in the Stato da Mar, the Orthodox church was also present; according to the 1770 census, the Orthodox Greeks constituted approximately 13.3% of the population. The

3722:, the Venetian government passed the first law to protect publishers by granting a printing privilege which gave the publisher the exclusive right to print certain works. In addition to the German community, the French community, led by 1932:

The Ottoman Empire started sea campaigns as early as 1423, when it waged a seven-year war with the Venetian Republic over maritime control of the Aegean, the Ionian, and the Adriatic Seas. The wars with Venice resumed after the Ottomans

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Melisseides Ioannes A. (2010). "E epibiose:odoiporiko se chronus meta ten Alose tes Basileusas (1453–1605 peripou)", (in Greek), epim.Pulcheria Sabolea-Melisseide, Ekd.Vergina, Athens (WorldCat, Regesta Imperii, etc.), pp. 91–108,

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power began to concentrate in the hands of about ten families. To avoid the birth of a lordship, the Doge decided to increase the number of members of the Maggior Consiglio while leaving the number of families unchanged and so the

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and contained the list of all the births and weddings of the patriciate. The aristocracy was not only a class of privileged people, but also of professional servants of the State. They were all educated, the richest attending the

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with the help of the Republic of Genoa managed to dissolve the Eastern Latin Empire and re-establish the Byzantine Empire. The war between Genoa and Venice resumed and after a long series of battles the war ended in 1270 with the

2528:, while the Major Council declared the end of the republic. According to Bonaparte's orders, the public powers passed to a provisional municipality under the French military governor. On 17 October, France and Austria signed the 5199: 5417: 3937:. After being caught, the fish was salted to improve preservation. In addition to fishing, although to a lesser extent, hunting, fowling and pastoralism were widespread but were limited by the scarcity of pastures in the 2371:. Daniele Dolfin, commander of the Venetian fleet, thought it better to save the fleet than risk it for the Morea. When he eventually arrived on the scene, Nauplia, Modon, Corone, and Malvasia had fallen. Levkas in the 4050:, Venetian merchants were allowed to exchange goods with the Byzantines without any tax and to establish an inhabited nucleus directly in the capital, a privilege which however ended violently in 1171 by the decree of 4029:

was involved not only in the management of his feudal assets but also in commercial affairs by sea. The commercial enterprises of Venetian citizens increased in the 12th century, a period which saw the creation of the

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Since the first settlements, fishing played a fundamental role in the livelihood of the lagoon communities. Fishing was one of the most widespread activities among the common people who also dedicated themselves to

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was the original territory of the Republic. It included Venice and its lagoon which was divided into nine districts. Each district was governed by a patrician with the title of podestà and the district cities were:

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in 1081 pushed the Byzantine Empire to request the aid of the Venetian fleet which, with the promise of obtaining extensive commercial privileges and reimbursement of military expenses, decided to take part in the

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and where the appellative "lord" refers to the fact that the doge was still considered like a king, even if elected by the popular assembly. Gaining independence, Venice also began to expand on the coasts of the

4265:, it was characterized by a large number of stereotyped characters who generically represented the life of the various Venetian social classes. In the 17th century, commedia dell'arte was completely reformed by 3982:, who starting from the 13th century imported hemp from Russia via the Black Sea. Among the activities already widespread in the 13th century were tanneries and wool spinning, which were exercised in Giudecca. 4250:. Over the course of the century, thanks to the financing of the nobles, a dozen theaters were built in which tragedies and melodramas were mainly performed. In Venice the reform of melodrama was initiated by 3476:

led to the patron saint being considered as the guardian of the State's sovereignty, becoming its symbol. The republic thus came to be called the Republic of Saint Mark and its lands were frequently known as

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The Council of Forty was the body that held maximum judicial power. It was divided into: Quarantia Criminale for criminal trials, Quarantia Civil Vecchia and Quarantia Civil Nuova for civil trials in the

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According to economic historian Jan De Vries, Venice's economic power in the Mediterranean had declined significantly by the start of the 17th century. De Vries attributes this decline to the loss of the

1201:, thus starting a siege which ended with the arrival of the Byzantine fleet and the retreat of the Franks. Following the failed Frankish conquest, Doge Obelerio was replaced by the pro-Byzantine nobleman 7026:. Lewes Lewkenor, translator. London: "Imprinted by I. Windet for E. Mattes". The most important contemporary account of Venice's governance during the time of its blossoming; numerous reprint editions; 5371: 1246:, a commercial treaty between Venice and the Carolingian Empire, began the long process of detachment of the province from the Byzantine Empire. After Tradonico was killed following a conspiracy in 864, 6401:

Venice was the most cosmopolitan city in Europe in the sixteenth century, but its many churches were almost entirely Christian and Catholic, and Catholicism was the official religion of the republic.

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making the Byzantine Empire totally dependent on Venetian trade and protection. With the intention of weakening the growing Venetian power, the emperor provided substantial commercial support to the

3943:. Since pastures in the lagoon were limited, agriculture was instead widespread mainly with vegetable crops and some vineyards, the agricultural products of which were sold by fruit merchants. 1272:, a rival city of Venice in the salt trade, decided to abdicate in favor of his brother, at the time patriarch of Grado, who refused. Since there was no heir in 887 the people gathered in the 978:('Doge of Venice, Dalmatia and Croatia'), a name that continued to be used until the 18th century. Starting from the 15th century, the documents written in Latin were joined by those in the 3487:, symbol of Mark the Evangelist, appeared on the Republic's flags, coats of arms and seals, while the Doges themselves were depicted kneeling at the coronation, in the act of receiving the 1668:

attempted to establish a city lordship, but the coup d'état was foiled by the Council of Ten which on 17 April 1355 condemned the Doge to death. The ensuing political instability convinced

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and weighed approximately two grams. Like the other coins of the Republic of Venice, the ducat had the effigy of the reigning doge, who held the standard of Venice in front of Saint Mark.

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which over the centuries became the greatest salt producer in the Mediterranean, reaching its peak in the 13th century. Most of the salt produced in Chioggia was exported to Italy via the

2048:, but effectively divided into a series of small lordships which were difficult for Rome's troops to control. Eager to take some of Venice's lands, all neighbouring powers joined in the 8110: 2678:

took place in 1297, a measure that increased the number of members of the Great Council leaving the number of families unchanged and therefore precluding the entry of the new nobility.

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In 1385, a group of Jewish moneylenders were allowed to live in the lagoon for the first time. On 25 September 1386 they requested and obtained the purchase of part of the land of the

3387:, who was immediately elected and who had more extensive powers than the Superintendent General. The fleet was divided into a small army and a large army. The thin army was made up of 2682:

Republic. The organization of the state was entrusted to many nobles divided into numerous assemblies which generally remained in office for less than a year and met in Venice in the

8115: 4086:. Venetian trade suffered a sharp decline at the end of the 16th century when competition from the Portuguese, Spanish, English and Dutch became suffocating for Venetian merchants. 3705:

trade in second-hand goods, making the ghetto an important commercial center. The ghetto was divided into communities based on their country of origin, each with its own synagogue.

3072:, the Avogadoria de Comùn represented the interests of the community and the state. The advocates remained in office for sixteen months and were also responsible for drawing up the 1551:. In addition to the territorial conquests, the doge was awarded the title of Lord of a quarter and a half of the Eastern Roman Empire, thus obtaining the faculty of appointing the 4238:

who staged their works on mobile wooden theatres. During the 17th century there was a great diffusion of the theater so much so that in 1637 Venice's first permanent theater, the

1032:. From the 17th century the Republic of Venice took on other more or less official names such as the Venetian State or the Venetian Republic. The republic is often referred to as 8075: 3978:, active since the 12th century, but also in the small Venetian shipyards of the city. Alongside the construction of ships, the production of naval cordage was developed by the 982:, and in parallel with the events in Italy, the Duchy of Venice also changed its name, becoming the Lordship of Venice, which as written in the peace treaty of 1453 with Sultan 7027: 1428:, increasingly difficult, so much so that it was renamed the "Gulf of Venice". In 1171, following the emperor's decision to expel the Venetian merchants from Constantinople, a 1392:, a commercial privilege that allowed Venetian merchants substantial tax exemptions in numerous Byzantine ports and the establishment of a Venetian neighbourhood in Durrës and 8293: 7457: 7315:(2017). Ortalli, Gherardo; Sopracasa, Alessio (eds.). "La Tana veneziana. Vita economica e rapportisociali: i tentativi di superare la grande crisi della metà del Trecento". 3951:, which was destroyed in 932 and its population transferred to the Venetian lagoon. The areas of greatest production were the northern part of the lagoon and the district of 8440: 1738:, and the final victory resulted in maritime hegemony and dominance of the eastern trade routes. The latter would soon be contested, however, by the inexorable rise of the 6601: 2414:

and Dalmatia were little compensation. This was the last war with the Ottoman Empire. By the year 1792, the once-great Venetian merchant fleet had declined to a mere 309

1921:

against Venice was dismantled in Candia. The conspiracy was led by Sifis Vlastos as an opposition to the religious reforms for the unification of Churches agreed at the

4604: 3613:: New arrivals, based on merit, were granted full citizenship and the guarantee of the State within the borders and were allowed to carry out some jobs within the city. 9858: 3039:, the Senate primarily held legislative power. Made up of around 300 members over thirty-five years of age, 120 were senators elected by the Great Council (60 plus 60 607: 1171:

in 800, considerably changed the geopolitical context of the lagoon, leading the Venetians to divide into two factions : a pro-Frankish party led by the city of

12851: 2574: 2356:, when the Morea was "without any of those supplies which are so desirable even in countries where aid is near at hand which are not liable to attack from the sea". 5443: 2674:, in Venice too power began to concentrate in the hands of a small number of families. To avoid the birth of a lordship and dilute the power of the old houses, the 3510:

in every official activity or ceremony, since today's lagoon soldiers of the Italian army have inherited the traditions of the "Fanti da Mar" of the Serenissima.

1619:

caused serious economic losses to Venetian trade, so in 1336 Venice gave birth to the anti-Scaliger league. The following year the coalition expanded further and

1313:

to gain a growing influence on the doge's policies and the conflicts that arose following the doge's assassination were resolved only in 991 with the election of

8065: 5379: 12906: 10379: 1436:. At the end of the 12th century, the commercial traffic of Venetian merchants extended throughout the East and they could count on immense and solid capital. 7146: 6274: 2600:

Following the Lombard occupation and the progressive migration of the Roman populations, new coastal settlements were born in which the local assemblies, the

2284:. During the brief war a Venetian army led by provveditore Zaccaria Sagredo and reinforced by French allies was disastrously routed by Imperial forces at the 10745: 7404:, (in Greek), epim.Pulcheria Sabolea-Melisseide, Ekd.Vergina Athens, (WorldCat, Greek National Bibliography 9217/10, Regesta Imperii, etc.), p. 91–108, 4338:

in which the Doge took part, preceded by the various government assemblies and the city's major schools. In addition to all the major Catholic holidays, the

4111:

The great expansion of Venetian trade began in the 12th century and the need for a stable currency became increasingly urgent. In 1202, during the dogate of

3656:

The earliest evidence of Jewish presence in Venice dates back to 932; in the 12th century the community had around a thousand members and was established in

2770:

sentences in his name. The election of the Doge was decreed by an assembly of forty-one electors chosen after a long series of elections and lots, to avoid

1781:. Ladislaus was about to lose the conflict and had decided to escape to Naples, but before doing so he agreed to sell his now practically forfeit rights on 3904:

where the Ottoman merchants spent their time and in which there was a small mosque, the only place of prayer for the Muslim faithful who stayed in Venice.

3170:

was administered by a count. Initially extending along the entire Venetian coast from Grado to Cavarzere, it progressively moved its southern border up to

1778: 1525:, thus putting an end to the Byzantine Empire and formally making Venice an independent state, severing the last ties with the former Byzantine ruler. The 2501:

River. Vicenza, Cadore and Friuli were held by the Austrians. With the campaigns of the next year, Napoleon aimed for the Austrian possessions across the

10881: 7746: 2258: 1521:

and won the war, regaining control of Dalmatia. The Venetian crusader fleet, however, did not stop in Dalmatia, but continued towards Constantinople to

12911: 2497:

crossed the frontiers of neutral Venice in pursuit of the enemy. By the end of the year, the French troops were occupying the Venetian state up to the

2025:

in 1499. The Turks once again sacked Friuli. Preferring peace to total war both against the Turks and by sea, Venice surrendered the bases of Lepanto,

1559:. With the end of the Fourth Crusade, Venice concentrated its efforts on the conquest of Crete, which intensely involved the Venetian army until 1237. 951:

In the following century, references to Venice as a Byzantine dominion disappeared, and in a document from 976 there is a mention of the most glorious

4304:

In the 17th century the fashion for the wig and the use of face powder began and men's clothes progressively became bulkier. In the 18th century, the

1505:

due to its commercial interests in the East and instead concentrated on maintaining its possessions in Dalmatia which were repeatedly besieged by the

1187:

under Frankish protection, but a Byzantine naval blockade convinced him to renew his loyalty to the Eastern Emperor. With the intention of conquering

8433: 1130:

as its doge, who governed the lagoon for a decade. Following his death, the Byzantines entrusted the government of the province to the regime of the

7360: 3869:, the only church in the city where they could celebrate their rites. In 1514, due to overcrowding of San Biagio, the construction of the church of 8176: 1562:

Venice's control over the eastern trade routes became pressing and this caused an increase in conflicts with Genoa which in 1255 exploded into the

1116:

to the Exarchate of Ravenna, causing numerous revolts throughout the territory. In reaction to the reform, the local populations appointed several

825:(with the Genoese army and fleet in the lagoon for a long period), Venice quickly managed to recover from the territorial losses suffered with the 6442: 11836: 2214:

began with the arrest of two clerics accused of petty crimes and with a law restricting the Church's right to enjoy and acquire landed property.

2130:

took Kyrenia without having to fire a shot. Famagusta, however, resisted and put up a defense that lasted from September 1570 until August 1571.

1183:

decided to attack both cities simultaneously, deporting their population to the capital. Having taken control of the situation, the doge placed

10394: 7599: 7483: 7386: 7240: 7197: 7126: 7101: 7076: 5285: 1866:, but the difficulties of Hungary finally granted to the republic the consolidation of its Adriatic dominions. The situation culminated in the 1820: 1696:

and vast areas of the Venetian Lagoon, but in the end it was the Venetians who prevailed; the war ended definitively on 8 August 1381 with the

1590:

During the war, various administrative reforms were implemented in Venice, new assemblies were established to replace popular ones such as the

3745:. These inventions allowed him to become the largest Venetian publisher and consequently attracted the major humanists of the time, including 12836: 11868: 7255:

6(2):192–201. A scathing review of Martin & Romano 2000; also a good summary on the most recent economic and political thought on Venice.

5289: 4631: 2257:

in the northern Adriatic and on the Republic's eastern border, while in Lombardy to the west, Venetian troops skirmished with the forces of

12841: 12499: 11851: 10471: 9708: 8426: 8405: 8208: 7355:. The most important study of the life of Renaissance nuns, with much on aristocratic family networks and the life of women more generally. 5784: 4254:, who, inspired by French tragedy, made melodrama more sober and constructed his works so that they could be performed even without music. 2203:, a declining uncompetitive textile industry, competition in book publishing from a rejuvenated Catholic Church, the adverse impact of the 2532:, agreeing to share all the territory of the republic, with a new border just west of the Adige. Italian democrats, especially young poet 1718: 11114: 6691: 4346:

and others such as the Festa delle Marie to celebrate the power of Venice. One of the festivals of greatest political importance was the

2987:

and held legislative and elective power. Initially made up of around four hundred members, its size increased considerably following the

2941:

The Sage of the Scripture, analogous to the minister of war, was in charge of the economic management of the troops and military justice;

6244: 6151: 12463: 11393: 9853: 8213: 8171: 7206: 7163: 2270: 1580: 6067: 12597: 10972: 6847: 6772: 3250:

also included various feudal lordships governed by the major noble families of the time. These lordships corresponded to the various

1309:

in Venice as well, causing a revolt in 976 which led to the burning of the capital and the killing of the doge. These events led the

155: 2636:

to local assemblies, thus sanctioning the beginning of the ducal monarchy which lasted, with ups and downs, until the 11th century.

1443:. In that century, the doge's power began to decline: initially supported only by a few judges, in 1130 it was decided to place the 111: 12846: 12504: 2536:, viewed the treaty as a betrayal. The metropolitan part of the disbanded republic became an Austrian territory, under the name of 2353: 2328: 2122: 2002: 1451:, alongside his power. In the same period, in addition to the expulsion of the clergy from public life, new assemblies such as the 848:. While maintaining most of its mainland possessions, Venice was defeated and the attempt to expand the eastern dominions caused a 2656:, an unstoppable process of limitation and removal of ducal power from part of the nascent mercantile aristocracy gathered in the 2226:

which forbade clergymen from exercising almost all priestly duties. The republic paid no attention to the interdict or the act of

2076:: Dalmatia, and each one some of another's part. The offensive against the huge army enlisted by Venice was launched from France. 12069: 8791: 8344: 7739: 4381:. In addition to the Carnival, the Regatta was held, which like the other festivals included large celebrations and processions. 4377:. In addition to dances and shows of various types, on the last Sunday of Carnival the bull hunt took place, an event similar to 6347: 11281: 9898: 6805: 6609: 3507: 2970: 2342: 2292:

was sacked. Reversals elsewhere for the Holy Roman Empire and Spain ensured the republic suffered no territorial loss, and the

2280:

A fragile peace did not last, and in 1629 the Most Serene Republic returned to war with Spain and the Holy Roman Empire in the

4269:

who introduced a new form of theater thanks to the elimination of masks and the introduction of a precise script. Conversely,

3838:. Crimes relating to faith, such as witchcraft, were regulated by a secular court as early as 1181 during the regency of Doge 3210:. During their expansion, the Venetians established a series of dominions throughout the Eastern Mediterranean that went from 1439:

As in the rest of Italy, starting from the 12th century, Venice also underwent the transformations that led to the age of the

12871: 12747: 11910: 10349: 10104: 9943: 8155: 7791: 7686: 7664: 7324: 7317:

Rapporti Mediterranei, Pratiche Documentarie, Presenze Veneziane: Le Reti Economiche e Culturali (XIV – XVI Secolo). Estratto

6181: 5337: 5230: 4596: 4047: 3196:

in the Venetian language, were made up of the overseas territories conquered by the Republic of Venice. The regiments of the

2996: 1389: 1336: 470: 7616: 12866: 12544: 11819: 11627: 9093: 8811: 6214: 1552: 3619:: This was also a full citizenship granted on merit which conferred the privilege to sail and trade as a Venetian citizen. 3607:

that provided mutual aid to all members and allowed rules to be set for the various professions that took place in Venice.

2795:. The Signoria had the fundamental task of presiding over the major assemblies of the state: the College of the Wise, the 906:

During its long history, the Republic of Venice took on various names, all closely linked to the titles attributed to the

11873: 11736: 11011: 10805: 10780: 10720: 9969: 9606: 9349: 9297: 8130: 7907: 7467: 6109: 3358:

the preparation of the fleet, weapons and crews. The preparation of the fleet was administered by the supervisors of the

11144: 12592: 12177: 11804: 11637: 11398: 11236: 10896: 10284: 9488: 9159: 8145: 7777: 7732: 5411: 5193: 4436: 3803: 3791: 2297: 1429: 1053: 625: 103: 3677: 3090:

Three State Inquisitors, who could replace ordinary judges and proceeded in secret, had greater power within the body.

2133:

The fall of Famagusta marked the beginning of the Ottoman period in Cyprus. Two months later, the naval forces of the

11824: 11799: 11642: 10939: 10901: 10431: 9600: 9208: 8339: 8244: 7772: 7370: 7345: 7305: 6394: 5517: 5255: 4481: 4106: 4025:

From its early history, trade was the basis of the Republic of Venice's success and political rise: in 829, the Doge

2250: 1688:. The skirmishes between the Venetians and the Genoese resumed and in 1378 the two republics faced each other in the 1049: 1008:

were born. The Lordship of Venice also adapted to this new terminology, becoming the Most Serene Republic of Venice (

721: 3544:

and their magistrates, to which were added the families who actively and above all economically participated in the

3456: 12831: 12196: 11477: 11363: 9701: 8449: 7142: 6282: 4420: 3807: 2219: 2192: 2061: 2418:. Although Venice declined as a seaborne empire, it remained in possession of its continental domain north of the 1216:

With his election, Agnello Partecipazio attempted to make the ducal office hereditary by associating an heir, the

12876: 12320: 12232: 12079: 12074: 11905: 11773: 10399: 9863: 9618: 4409: 3811: 789:

in the 7th century, after having experienced a period of substantial increase in population, were organized into

20: 1641:

promised not to interfere in Venetian trade and to recognize the sovereignty of Venice over the Trevisan March.

1459:

were established and in his inauguration speech the Doge was forced to declare loyalty to the Republic with the

83: 12268: 11856: 11333: 11185: 10765: 10705: 10677: 10436: 10316: 9594: 9498: 9442: 8600: 8376: 7841: 7409: 5453: 5358: 2900: 2455: 2445: 2118:, but most other cities were easy prey. By 1563, the population of Venice had dropped to about 168,000 people. 1649: 868:'s French troops and its territories were divided with the Habsburg monarchy following the ratification of the 552: 97: 3494:"Long live Saint Mark!" was the Republic of Venice's battle cry, used until its dissolution in 1797 following 3383:

and in the overseas dominions was also head of the army and administration. In wartime, command passed to the

2410:(21 July 1718), Austria made large territorial gains, but Venice lost the Morea, for which its small gains in 2249:

led to Venice's last significant wars in Italy and the northern Adriatic. Between 1615 and 1618 Venice fought

2095:. Although the defeat had turned into a victory, the events of 1509 marked the end of the Venetian expansion. 12519: 12350: 12237: 11768: 11763: 11119: 10965: 10851: 10682: 9483: 9417: 9216: 8948: 8871: 8722: 8120: 7806: 3719: 3631: 3069: 2988: 2675: 2281: 1863: 1600: 996: 11206: 3700:

took refuge in the lagoon, making coexistence with the Christians difficult. Following social tensions, the

3636: 2952:

The Full College had as its primary function that of maintaining relations with foreign states and with the

12886: 12278: 12217: 12202: 12054: 11915: 11368: 8329: 8203: 8125: 4456: 3376: 3202: 3167: 3060:

Criminale and worked for eight months in each assembly, remaining in office for two years and eight months.

2780:, an oath in which was promised loyalty to the Republic and the limitations to its powers were recognized. 2102:, pillaging and taking captives to be sold into slavery. In 1539, the Turkish fleet attacked and destroyed 1981: 1791: 1484: 10289: 1069: 957:('Lord of Venice'), where the 'most glorious' appellative had already been used for the first time in the 724:

it established itself as one of the major European commercial and naval powers. Initially extended in the

12901: 12896: 12622: 12340: 12186: 11968: 11878: 11778: 11664: 11632: 11317: 11167: 11040: 10861: 9694: 9612: 9564: 9255: 8742: 8398: 8080: 3438: 2134: 1946: 1918: 731: 7565: 7551: 7537: 7523: 7509: 7495: 2932:

The Sage of the Finances, analogous to the finance minister, was superior and close collaborator of the

1964:), was added to Venice's holdings. By 1490, the population of Venice had risen to about 180,000 people. 1367:

in 1073 marginally involved Venetian politics which instead focused its attention on the arrival of the

12881: 12677: 12305: 12125: 12032: 12005: 11940: 11814: 11348: 11274: 10856: 10846: 10810: 10652: 10554: 9891: 9558: 9552: 9503: 9493: 8923: 8908: 8771: 8239: 8198: 8135: 8031: 7851: 6446: 4378: 3922: 3549: 3461: 3384: 3363: 3042: 2304: 2176: 2158: 1759: 1713: 1106: 145: 7714: 7708: 3733:

further developed Venetian publishing via three innovations which later spread throughout Europe: the

2981:

The Great Council was made up of all noble men of at least twenty-five years of age registered in the

2787:

was the most dignified assembly of the Venetian governmental system and was composed of the Doge, the

2718: 1656:, brought the rivalry between the two republics to resurface and in 1350 they faced each other in the 12861: 12856: 12707: 12473: 12396: 12360: 11378: 11343: 11338: 10579: 10342: 10306: 10301: 9670: 8953: 8359: 8105: 8016: 7836: 7801: 5282:

The Conspiracy of Sēphēs Vlastos in Crete (1453–1454) and the New Conspiratorial Attempt of 1460–1462

3862: 2469:

By 1796, the Republic of Venice could no longer defend itself since its war fleet numbered only four

1478: 849: 775: 8150: 4273:

staged presentations of fairy tales, exalting and exasperating the tradition of commedia dell'arte.

3826:

was also active in the Republic of Venice, which from 1542 to 1794 tried 3,620 defendants including

3664:

as was previously believed. Every day the Jews left Mestre and went to Venice, in particular to the

2810:

Over the centuries, 120 doges followed one another in Venice. Among the most illustrious names are:

1882:

and suffered a heavy defeat. At the expiration of the truce in 1420, Venice immediately invaded the

90: 12722: 12712: 12692: 12662: 12617: 12315: 12157: 12089: 12059: 12039: 11920: 11596: 11561: 11358: 11104: 10958: 10830: 10183: 9576: 8928: 8781: 8717: 4321: 4026: 3882: 3878: 3835: 3171: 2614:. Between the end of the 7th century and the beginning of the 8th, a new political reform affected 2610:

to govern the local administration, perpetuating the Roman custom started in the last years of the

2433: 1700:

which sanctioned the exit of the Genoese from the competition for dominion over the Mediterranean.

1265: 1261: 1221: 4183:

and his students. Shortly afterwards the new style also spread to Venice (traditionally linked to

3865:

was also present in the capital and in 1456 the Greeks obtained permission to build the church of

12891: 12602: 12365: 12222: 12192: 12167: 12084: 12044: 11983: 11882: 11647: 11617: 11084: 11018: 10990: 10534: 10504: 9664: 9339: 9231: 9193: 8688: 8618: 8349: 8324: 8021: 4627: 4491: 4461: 4308:, a sort of large, richly decorated cloak, was introduced into men's clothing. Contrariwise, the 3599: 2975: 2965: 2796: 2657: 2509:, the terms of which remained secret, the Austrians were to take the Venetian possessions in the 2486: 2346: 1937:

in 1463, and lasted until a favorable peace treaty was signed in 1479 just after the troublesome

1595: 1576: 1448: 1364: 1225: 1180: 1156: 877: 377: 5777: 5275: 2737: 1469:, the set of all the assemblies aimed at regulating the power of the doge, began to take shape. 762:

seas. At the height of its expansion, between the 13th and 16th centuries, it also governed the

12300: 12288: 12064: 12049: 11741: 11383: 11109: 11089: 11077: 10891: 10647: 10421: 10062: 9624: 9570: 9518: 9508: 9344: 9287: 8958: 7137:

London: Thames & Hudson. The best brief introduction in English, still completely reliable.

4425: 4123:) began, which quickly spread throughout the Mediterranean basin. The ducat corresponded to 26 3890: 3799: 3410: 2917: 2529: 2395: 2125:

rather than a raid. About 60,000 troops, including cavalry and artillery, under the command of

1942: 1867: 1787: 1735: 1697: 1616: 1522: 1347: 869: 826: 556: 500: 8060: 7397:

Johns Hopkins UP. The most recent collection on essays, many by prominent scholars, on Venice.

7348:. A standard scholarly history with an emphasis on economic, political and diplomatic history. 6687: 5401: 3569: 3063: 3000: 2383:

on Crete, which still remained in Venetian hands, were abandoned. The Turks finally landed on

2230:

and ordered its priests to carry out their ministry. It was supported in its decisions by the

2207:

on Venice's key trade partners, and the increasing cost of cotton and silk imports to Venice.

2040:

Venice's attention was diverted from its usual maritime position by the delicate situation in

1020:), a name by which it is best known today. Similarly, the doge was also given the nickname of 821:, which lasted until the 14th century, when, after having risked complete collapse during the 12607: 12534: 12514: 12428: 12377: 12135: 12115: 11925: 11519: 11487: 11373: 11353: 11267: 11196: 11191: 10710: 10602: 10559: 9884: 9588: 9432: 9384: 9370: 9198: 8938: 8851: 8801: 8480: 8463: 8354: 8140: 8100: 6304: 6252: 6159: 4486: 4430: 4335: 4258: 4235: 4234:

Until the 17th century, theatrical works were performed in noble palaces or in public by the

4134:

decided to mint a new currency, which would later be vital in the Venetian economy: the gold

3870: 3854: 3815: 3787: 3779: 2568: 2407: 1967: 1814: 1806: 1782: 1677: 1567: 1381: 857: 539: 7215: 7172: 5277:Ἡ ἐν Κρήτῃ συνωμοσία τοῦ Σήφη Βλαστοῦ (1453–1454) καὶ ἡ νέα συνωμοτικὴ κίνησις τοῦ 1460–1462 2303:

The latter half of the 17th century also had prolonged wars with the Ottoman Empire; in the

1101:

was elected in 697, but this figure is of dubious historicity and comparable to that of the

12458: 12273: 12162: 12140: 11794: 11692: 11576: 11444: 11006: 10929: 10871: 10667: 10574: 10544: 10529: 10335: 10122: 9636: 9513: 9452: 9437: 9360: 9324: 9280: 9270: 9048: 9020: 8826: 8670: 8568: 8512: 8334: 8090: 7922: 7882: 7283:

The Twilight of a Military Tradition: Italian Aristocrats And European Conflicts, 1560–1800

6075: 4566: 4466: 4184: 4180: 3894: 3557: 3525:

Starting from the 13th century, Venetian society clearly distinguished two social classes:

3425: 3266: 3018: 2934: 2874: 2814: 2611: 2562: 2285: 2204: 1833: 1798: 1633: 1360: 1202: 1109: 1098: 1090: 1037: 830: 798: 717: 651: 612: 351: 6839: 6764: 4038:

which, escorted by armed ships, headed towards the eastern markets, starting with that of

3810:. During the history of the Republic of Venice, the cathedral of the patriarchate was the 2916:, the Sages of the Mainland and the Sages of the Orders, it constituted the summit of the 1734:

In 1403, the last major battle between the Genoese (now under French rule) and Venice was

1555:

and the possibility of sending a Venetian representative to the government of the Eastern

8: 12742: 12732: 12687: 12453: 12418: 12413: 12130: 11751: 11687: 11607: 11201: 11132: 10815: 10795: 10775: 10740: 10672: 10584: 10451: 9876: 9658: 9389: 9292: 9275: 9265: 9120: 9043: 8866: 8861: 8796: 8696: 8606: 8364: 7433: 5271: 4359: 4339: 4239: 4160: 3831: 3819: 3685: 3650: 3574: 3514: 3468: 3414: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3290: 3286: 3004: 2580: 2333: 2266: 2142: 2080: 1922: 1774: 1747: 1331: 1290: 1247: 845: 671: 659: 421: 11216: 7423: 7110: 7060: 3726:, also owned most of the Venetian printing presses towards the end of the 15th century. 3503: 3366:

began to recruit personnel from abroad and not only from the territory of the Republic.

3341: 1684:

to revolt, but the rebellions were quelled, thus reaffirming Venetian dominion over the

1517:

to conclude the Zara War and the following year, after twenty years of conflict, Venice

12815: 12717: 12702: 12682: 12539: 12480: 12433: 12355: 12212: 12182: 12172: 12147: 12120: 12027: 12020: 11956: 11707: 11424: 11241: 11137: 11099: 11028: 10919: 10755: 10730: 10632: 10509: 10461: 10446: 10384: 10080: 9840: 9815: 9717: 9582: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9447: 9412: 9407: 9365: 9329: 9188: 9083: 8978: 8918: 8821: 8806: 8644: 8624: 8381: 8004: 7999: 7989: 7965: 7593: 7477: 7380: 7234: 7191: 7120: 7095: 7070: 4446: 4396: 4391: 4366: 4224: 3901: 3866: 3484: 3451: 3294: 2921: 2913: 2870: 2784: 2776: 2704: 2222:, and demanded that they be repealed. When this was refused, he placed Venice under an 2126: 2099: 1802: 1669: 1661: 1657: 1645: 1563: 1506: 1488: 1461: 1413: 1409: 1385: 1298: 1168: 1074: 941: 709: 318: 263: 7395:

Venice Reconsidered: The History and Civilization of an Italian City-State, 1297–1797.

6351: 3998: 1497:

The Venetian fleet heads towards Constantinople and then besieges it on 12 April 1204.

12667: 12657: 12529: 12443: 12408: 12335: 12325: 12103: 11973: 11887: 11717: 11697: 11671: 11659: 11454: 11449: 11434: 11429: 11414: 11045: 11035: 10915: 10657: 10627: 10617: 10607: 10524: 10514: 10499: 10366: 10159: 10052: 9933: 9748: 9427: 9422: 9355: 9314: 9308: 9149: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9053: 8856: 8836: 8786: 8776: 8757: 8048: 8026: 7979: 7917: 7897: 7875: 7703: 7682: 7660: 7582:

Sagredo, Agostino; Berchet, Federico (1860). Stabilimento di Giuseppe Civelli (ed.).

7463: 7405: 7366: 7341: 7320: 7301: 6390: 5513: 5449: 5407: 5354: 5333: 5251: 5226: 5189: 4536: 4496: 4476: 4451: 4347: 4326: 4247: 4051: 3754: 3689: 3529: 3437:

The order of the city of Venice was managed by a police force coordinated by the six

3282: 2864: 2854: 2828: 2820: 2661: 2645: 2640: 2537: 2391: 2338: 2308: 2246: 2167: 2146: 2049: 2030: 2022: 1996: 1992: 1961: 1883: 1870:

in late August 1412, when an invading army of Hungarians, Germans and Croats, led by

1824: 1612:, which was assigned the task of repressing any threat to the security of the state. 1584: 1466: 1417: 1314: 1310: 1302: 1279: 1228:, to the ducal position, who was deposed in 836 due to his inadequacy to counter the 1001: 979: 841: 837: 818: 779: 667: 526: 322: 286: 268: 258: 248: 233: 210: 61: 7059:

Cappelletti, Giuseppe (1853). Stabilimento nazionale di G. Antonelli editore (ed.).

6797: 6311:(in Italian). Istituto della Enciclopedia Italianafondata da Giovanni Treccani S.p.A 1342: 864:. Although still a thriving cultural centre, the Republic of Venice was occupied by 12737: 12559: 12509: 12490: 12485: 12438: 12345: 12283: 12263: 12251: 12207: 12010: 11990: 11978: 11841: 11722: 11439: 11302: 11294: 11154: 11023: 10876: 10825: 10820: 10760: 10725: 10637: 10594: 10564: 10486: 10404: 10374: 9949: 9827: 9761: 9644: 9226: 9221: 9144: 9078: 9073: 8943: 8913: 8881: 8737: 8682: 8661: 8639: 8418: 8193: 8055: 8009: 7902: 7819: 7333: 5505: 4522: 4501: 4441: 4289:

in 1581 in late Renaissance clothes and on the right a woman from 1750 wearing the

4188: 4143: 4131: 4089:

The goods that the Venetians exchanged mostly by sea and which crowded the central

4043: 3994:

A map of Venice's trade routes and possessions at the beginning of the 16th century

3975: 3839: 3418: 3359: 3219: 3049: 2860: 2838: 2792: 2729: 2725: 2683: 2653: 2633: 2628: 2506: 2274: 2188: 1977: 1938: 1879: 1727: 1709: 1605: 1571: 1529:

in the Crusader states and from the division Venice obtained numerous ports in the

1452: 1440: 1421: 1404: 1326: 1237: 1009: 911: 885: 794: 676: 487: 437: 312: 273: 253: 243: 46: 11809: 7208:

L'Archivio di Stato di Venezia, indice generale, storico, descrittivo ed analitico

7165:

L'Archivio di Stato di Venezia, indice generale, storico, descrittivo ed analitico

6189: 3099: 2912:

The College of the Sages was composed of three subcommissions called "hands": the

1797:

Slaves were plentiful in the Italian city-states as late as the 15th century. The

1134:, which lasted until 742 when the emperor granted the people the appointment of a 12647: 12637: 12632: 12627: 12524: 12448: 12310: 11829: 11727: 11612: 11512: 11419: 11094: 10981: 10886: 10800: 10770: 10494: 10411: 10262: 10098: 10017: 9735: 9167: 9135: 9130: 9110: 8973: 8933: 8903: 8886: 8846: 8831: 8816: 8747: 8732: 8649: 8629: 8502: 8254: 8038: 7912: 7892: 7650: 7620: 7583: 7561: 7547: 7533: 7519: 7505: 7491: 7441: 7402:

E epibiose:odoiporiko se chronus meta ten Alose tes Basileusas (1453–1605 peripu)

7085: 4164: 4139: 3909: 3818:

only in 1807, ten years after the fall of the Republic. During the period of the

3795: 3701: 3640: 3545: 3534:

The Venetian aristocracy was a relatively open social category documented in the

3226:. Further east, the Republic conquered a large part of Greece, in particular the 3115:

The podestà, who depending on the territory administered was also called rector,

3030: 2953: 2800: 2771: 2615: 2411: 2293: 2262: 2227: 2172: 2073: 2018: 1862:

in 1405. The situation in Dalmatia had been settled in 1408 by a truce with King

1723: 1689: 1673: 1591: 1397: 1242: 1094: 1082: 1064: 1028: 929: 893: 822: 790: 786: 735: 705: 513: 451: 390: 11211: 11127: 9907: 9025: 7887: 6222: 3850: 3371: 3182: 3175: 3103:

The Venetian Republic between 1718 and 1797 with its administrative subdivisions

2956:, it welcomed ambassadors, nuncios of subject cities and members of the clergy. 2422:, extending west almost to Milan. Many of its cities benefited greatly from the 1547: 1297:

to his son Pietro who became doge the following year. Due to his land holdings,

161: 12801: 12780: 12727: 12697: 12642: 12549: 12423: 12370: 12330: 12000: 11995: 11846: 11746: 11702: 11654: 11602: 11556: 11524: 11482: 11459: 11178: 11173: 10790: 10735: 10689: 10642: 10622: 10466: 10389: 10279: 10238: 10163: 10141: 10133: 9803: 9650: 9546: 9540: 9140: 9115: 8988: 8983: 8968: 8963: 8898: 8893: 8876: 8841: 8634: 8612: 8556: 8495: 8281: 8273: 8266: 8261: 8043: 7954: 7824: 7796: 7109:

Cecchetti, Bartolomeo (1874). Stabilimento tipografico di P. Naratovich (ed.).

4374: 4343: 4228: 4200: 4112: 4039: 3971: 3893:

and in 1657 they were allowed to celebrate masses with German shepherds in the

3827: 3775: 3730: 3723: 3536: 3350: 3251: 3223: 3086: 3079: 2983: 2888: 2882: 2844: 2834: 2804: 2758: 2700: 2623: 2521: 2490: 2482: 2463: 2459: 2372: 2242: 2138: 2053: 1957: 1934: 1755: 1739: 1665: 1609: 1514: 1510: 1393: 1192: 1005: 907: 889: 853: 806: 655: 574: 402: 363: 332: 238: 11055: 6117: 4257:

In the 17th century, although less widespread than melodramas, it represented

2352:

These gains did not last, however; in December 1714, the Turks began the last

12825: 12652: 12293: 11863: 11551: 11529: 11388: 11159: 10549: 10311: 9334: 9172: 8676: 8550: 8522: 8298: 8249: 8188: 8183: 7984: 7785: 7418:

Princeton UP. The classic of Venetian cultural studies, highly sophisticated.

7319:(in Italian). Venezia: Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti: 237–252. 7312: 4471: 4351: 4266: 4251: 4135: 4031: 4019: 3604: 3499: 3405: 3336: 3159: 2992: 2788: 2766: 2744: 2708: 2231: 2087: 1579:. In 1281 Venice defeated the Republic of Ancona in battle and in 1293 a new 1518: 1472: 1456: 1139: 1102: 881: 663: 578: 315: 309: 7353:

Virgins of Venice: Enclosed Lives and Broken Vows in the Renaissance Convent

4369:: celebrated for its entire duration, it included the major celebrations on 3646: 2592: 12809: 12770: 12577: 12382: 12152: 11756: 11622: 11571: 11546: 11072: 11064: 10715: 10612: 10416: 10294: 9919: 8707: 8562: 8542: 8286: 7994: 7829: 7814: 7674: 5439: 4414: 3934: 3746: 3178:; the extension on the mainland was limited to between 7 and 19 kilometers. 3013: 2925: 2905: 2824: 2670:

was progressively stripped of all its powers and, similarly to the Italian

2092: 2045: 1891: 1859: 1556: 1526: 1425: 965: 801:. With the fall of the Exarchate and the weakening of Byzantine power, the 755: 7277:

58, pp. 43–94. The classic "muckraking" essay on the myths of Venice.

4281: 4219: 3753:. After Manutius, many other Italian entrepreneurs such as the Florentine 2098:

In 1489, the first year of Venetian control of Cyprus, Turks attacked the

2044:, then one of the richest lands in Italy, which was nominally part of the 1968:

16th century: League of Cambrai, the loss of Cyprus, and Battle of Lepanto

1250:

was elected and resumed the fight against piracy, managing to protect the

1155:

The Lombard conquest of Ravenna in 751 and the subsequent conquest of the

12672: 12612: 12582: 11935: 11566: 10866: 10569: 10476: 10358: 9983: 9960: 9260: 9125: 4270: 4055: 4015: 3823: 3738: 3231: 2878: 2533: 2403: 2277:, having previously indirectly supported Ferdinand during the Uskok War. 2235: 2215: 2200: 2106:. Fearing the ever-expanding Ottoman Empire, the Venetians had fortified 2021:, more a businessman and diplomat than a sailor, was defeated in the sea 1871: 1653: 1530: 1320: 1160: 763: 416: 10250: 7615:

Urkunden zur älteren Handels- und Staatsgeschichte der Republik Venedig

5248:

The Military Organisation of a Renaissance State, Venice c. 1400 to 1617

4159:

The Venetian Renaissance was one of the fundamental declinations of the

3990: 3076:

in which all those entitled to sit on the Great Council were registered.

2618:: like the other Byzantine provinces of Italy it was transformed into a 1987: 11930: 11539: 10441: 10327: 10171: 10147: 10116: 10011: 4370: 4262: 4204: 3956: 3697: 3578: 3553: 3472: 2525: 2450: 2429: 2415: 2399: 2376: 2312: 2162: 1972: 1672:

to attack Dalmatia which was conquered in 1358 with the signing of the

1652:

by the Hungarians. The Genoese expansion to the east, which caused the

1534: 1346:

The church of Santa Fosca, built in the 12th century, is an example of

1229: 1127: 1113: 861: 759: 747: 682: 9784: 7053:

Private Lives in Renaissance Venice: art, architecture, and the family

3008: 2944:

The Sage of the Ordinances, was responsible for the management of the

10750: 10519: 10244: 10205: 10167: 10086: 10005: 9686: 8527: 8371: 7959: 7724: 7721:, historiographical collection of the Republic of Venice (in Italian) 7062:

Storia della Repubblica di Venezia dal suo principio sino al suo fine

6387:

Controlling the State: Constitutionalism from Ancient Athens to Today

4355: 4286: 4208: 4192: 4172: 3948: 3665: 3163: 3151: 2867:, the coalition of the most important European states against Venice. 2419: 2254: 2223: 2107: 2014: 2006: 1624: 1306: 1269: 1148: 983: 934:. This commercial agreement, stipulated between the Duchy of Venice ( 474: 325: 182: 9939: 7450:

Sotto le bandiere di San Marco, le armate della Serenissima nel '600

2086:

The citizens of the mainland rose to the cry of "Marco, Marco", and

2026: 1895: 1372: 12587: 12572: 12567: 12468: 11502: 11497: 11246: 10998: 10785: 10662: 10539: 10201: 10197: 9245: 8727: 8532: 8475: 4124: 4083: 4063: 4007: 4003: 3952: 3661: 3582: 3495: 3488: 3392: 3346: 3314: 3259: 3246:. In addition to the territories directly dominated by Venice, the 3227: 3215: 3155: 3143: 2848: 2671: 2602: 2514: 2494: 2478: 2211: 2183: 2121:

In the summer of 1570, the Turks struck again but this time with a

2103: 1899: 1743: 1693: 1638: 1502: 1233: 1078: 969: 865: 814: 743: 10950: 5185:

Eurasian Slavery, Ransom and Abolition in World History, 1200–1860

2485:) fell to the invading French, and the Austrians were beaten from 2315:, which lasted until 1699 and in which it was able to conquer the 1941:. In 1480, no longer hampered by the Venetian fleet, the Ottomans 1493: 11534: 11259: 10426: 10177: 10153: 10074: 10068: 10035: 10029: 10023: 9979: 8507: 8468: 7613:

Tafel, Gottlieb Lukas Friedrich, and Georg Martin Thomas (1856).

6275:"Storia – Dalla crisi economica al messianesimo di Sabbatai Zevi" 5223:

The realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526

4075: 3794:

as its suffragen, which was then suppressed on 8 October 1451 by

3750: 3693: 3541: 2945: 2920:, was elected by the Senate and when it was presided over by the 2607: 2510: 2368: 2269:

in 1618. During the same period, the Spanish governor of Naples,

2115: 2111: 2057: 2041: 2010: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1875: 1843: 1839: 1831:

In the early 15th century, the republic began to expand onto the

1770: 1681: 1628: 1424:, making coexistence with Venice, which was now hegemonic on the 1368: 1257: 1142:, son of Orso, who decided to move the capital of the duchy from 920:('Doge of the Province of Venice'), and then, starting from 840, 751: 294: 176: 7087:

Relazione generale sopra i censimenti delle popolazioni italiane

3506:. The cry "San Marco!" is used by the military personnel of the 2774:, and once elected the Doge had the obligation to pronounce the 2643:

in the management of power occurred with the institution of the

2513:

as the price of peace (18 April 1797) while France acquired the

2017:

by land and sent a large fleet to support his offensive by sea.

1396:. The war ended in 1085 when, following the death of the leader 972:

and the Croatian coast, the doge formally received the title of

12227: 10215: 10209: 10187: 10092: 10056: 9927: 9015: 7973: 7870: 6132: 6090: 4365:

Among the profane festivals, one of the most important was the

4196: 4168: 4090: 4059: 4035: 4011: 3939: 3734: 3669: 3657: 3388: 3318: 3310: 3255: 3243: 3235: 3211: 3147: 3139: 3127: 2857:, who expanded the dominions of the Republic into the mainland. 2748: 2666: 2474: 2470: 2364: 2289: 2069: 2065: 2034: 1953: 1926: 1887: 1855: 1847: 1766: 1751: 1570:

which ended with an overwhelming Venetian victory. In 1261 the

1542: 1400:, the Norman army abandoned its positions to return to Puglia. 1356: 1274: 1252: 1210: 1197: 1195:

invaded the lagoon, forcing the local population to retreat to

1164: 948:

ratified the independence of Venice from the Byzantine Empire.

810: 802: 771: 739: 726: 713: 299: 188: 7271:

When Myths Lose Power: Four Decades of Venetian Historiography

6425: 6423: 6421: 4207:, the latter dying in 1594, who marked the transition towards 3681:

sign, which in the 16th century transformed into a red cloth.

3122:

The regiments ultimately formed three administrative regions:

2390:

In the meantime, the Turks had suffered a grave defeat by the

2005:

resumed from 1499 to 1503. In 1499, Venice allied itself with

1501:

In the 12th century, Venice decided not to participate in the

11507: 11290: 10256: 10221: 10191: 10110: 9999: 9993: 9989: 8993: 8517: 8490: 6862: 6557: 6545: 6533: 6521: 6509: 6048: 6036: 6024: 4176: 4116: 4079: 4067: 3960: 3742: 3380: 3239: 3207: 3116: 2619: 2498: 2406:

in 1717 and 1718, however, met with little success. With the

2384: 2380: 2360: 2316: 1851: 1827:

was the 65th Doge of the Republic of Venice from 1423 to 1457

1810: 1620: 1538: 1376: 1118: 767: 215: 6735: 6733: 6000: 5874: 3498:'s Italian campaign, and in the reborn republic governed by 2995:, the Senate, the Council of Forty, the Council of Ten, the 1566:; on 24 June 1258 the two republics faced each other in the 910:. During the 8th century, when Venice still depended on the 860:

of 1718 and which caused the loss of all possessions in the

12015: 11492: 11223: 8485: 7205:

Da Mosto, Andrea (1940). Biblioteca d'Arte editrice (ed.).

7162:

Da Mosto, Andrea (1937). Biblioteca d'Arte editrice (ed.).

6497: 6461: 6418: 5406:. Catholic University of America Press. 2017. p. 151. 5105: 5103: 5101: 4094: 4071: 2648: 2502: 2179:, was from 1648 to 1669 the second longest siege in history 1809:. Between 1414 and 1423, some 10,000 slaves, imported from 992:('The Most Illustrious and Excellent Signoria of Venice'). 9906: 7362:

L'alba dei libri: Quando Venezia ha fatto leggere il mondo

6643: 6641: 6639: 5976: 5964: 5952: 5940: 5733: 5709: 5685: 5661: 5639: 5637: 5598: 5574: 5550: 5526: 4769: 4757: 3786:

administered the territory of the Republic first with the

1473:

13th–14th century: The Crusades and the rivalry with Genoa

1220:, with the throne. The system brought Agnello's two sons, 7578:. How foreign writers have understood Venice and its art. 6994: 6982: 6970: 6958: 6934: 6910: 6886: 6745: 6730: 6624: 6473: 6330: 6328: 6326: 5913: 5757: 5745: 5721: 5697: 5673: 5649: 5586: 5538: 5311: 5309: 5307: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4747: 4745: 2881:), the last great redemption of the Republic against the 2575:

Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men

1432:

broke out which was resolved with the restoration of the

1089:

The Duchy of Venice was born in the 9th century from the

989:

Illustrissima et Excellentissima deta Signoria de Venexia

880:, with legislative functions, which was supported by the 836:

Venetian expansion, however, led to the coalition of the

436:• Establishment under first doge as province of the 6922: 6670: 6668: 6485: 6281:(in Italian). Jewish Community of Venice. Archived from 6251:(in Italian). Jewish Community of Venice. Archived from 6221:(in Italian). Jewish Community of Venice. Archived from 6188:(in Italian). Jewish Community of Venice. Archived from 6116:(in Italian). Jewish Community of Venice. Archived from 6074:(in Italian). Jewish Community of Venice. Archived from 6012: 5930: 5928: 5903: 5901: 5886: 5814: 5802: 5151: 5139: 5115: 5098: 5086: 5074: 5050: 5038: 5026: 5002: 2837:, who led the Republic of Venice to domination over the 2273:, clashed against Venice for commercial disputes at the 926:('Doge of the Venetians'), following the signing of the 7393:

Martin, John Jeffries and Dennis Romano (eds.) (2002).

6946: 6898: 6874: 6636: 6581: 6406: 5862: 5850: 5838: 5826: 5634: 5622: 5562: 4179:

from 1443 to 1453, later spreading to painting through

3718:

September 1469 when, through the efforts of the German

3460:

The Lion of Saint Mark is present on the facade of the

3424:

In the 15th century, the expansion and conquest of the

2013:. In the same year, the Ottoman sultan moved to attack 1765:

Venice expanded as well along the Dalmatian coast from

1264:. Orso managed to assign the dukedom to his eldest son 968:, and so starting from 1109, following the conquest of 844:, which in 1509 defeated the Republic of Venice in the 7656:

of Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople (1204–1228)

7359:

Magno, Alessandro Marzo (2012). Garzanti Libri (ed.).

6323: 5610: 5486: 5474: 5304: 5163: 5014: 4985: 4973: 4961: 4949: 4937: 4925: 4913: 4901: 4889: 4877: 4853: 4841: 4829: 4817: 4805: 4793: 4781: 4742: 4730: 2079:

On 14 May 1509, Venice was crushingly defeated at the

1703: 1321:

11th–12th century: Relations with the Byzantine Empire

7570:(in Italian). Vol. 9. Venice: Pietro Naratovich. 7556:(in Italian). Vol. 8. Venice: Pietro Naratovich. 7542:(in Italian). Vol. 7. Venice: Pietro Naratovich. 7528:(in Italian). Vol. 3. Venice: Pietro Naratovich. 7514:(in Italian). Vol. 2. Venice: Pietro Naratovich. 7500:(in Italian). Vol. 1. Venice: Pietro Naratovich. 6820: 6706: 6665: 6653: 6366: 5925: 5898: 4694: 4682: 4670: 4658: 4646: 4195:

and – at the beginning of the sixteenth century – by

3802:

which then also incorporated the dioceses of Jesolo,

3540:: the first were the direct descendants of the first 2300:, who was the candidate backed by Venice and France. 1236:. Following the deposition of Giovanni Partecipazio, 1122:

to replace the Byzantine governors and in particular

876:

the Republic was directed by various assemblies: the

778:, as well as several cities and ports in the eastern 19:"La Serenissima" redirects here. For other uses, see 12791: 8448: 6718: 6569: 6445:(in Italian). Patriarcato de Venezia. Archived from 5988: 5127: 5062: 3885:

also served as the Armenians' main cultural center.

1637:, and in 1339 it signed a peace treaty in which the 11774:

Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia

7084:Castiglioni, Pietro (1862). Stamperia reale (ed.). 6792: 6790: 6209: 6207: 4865: 4718: 4706: 3325: 2632:, in 742 ducal electivity was transferred from the 2596:

The governmental structure of the Venetian Republic

1878:Miklós Marczali attacked the Venetian positions at 4597:"VENEZIA E LA LINGUA UFFICIALE DELLO STATO VENETO" 4362:which symbolized the maritime dominion of Venice. 4082:as well as other settlements on the shores of the 3513:The only equestrian order of the Republic was the 2908:meeting during a visit from the Spanish ambassador 2664:. In the 13th century the popular assembly of the 1929:, which it had held previously from 1395 to 1438. 1581:war between Genoa, the Byzantine Empire and Venice 1058: 7645:. Foreword by Arnaldo Mauri. Conselve: Think ADV. 7631:. Foreword by Arnaldo Mauri. Conselve: Think ADV. 6443:"Storia del Patriarcato – Patriarcato di Venezia" 4191:, after which Venetian art was revolutionized by 3709:until in 1737 the community declared bankruptcy. 1648:, but its participation was suspended due to the 1179:. After a long series of skirmishes in 805, Doge 734:), during its history it annexed a large part of 12852:1797 disestablishments in the Republic of Venice 12823: 7643:In Adriatico nell'antichità e nell'alto medioevo 6787: 6204: 4625: 4601:VENEZIA E LA LINGUA UFFICIALE DELLO STATO VENETO 4042:. Venice had a privileged relationship with the 2398:on 5 August 1716. Venetian naval efforts in the 2387:, but its defenders managed to throw them back. 1209:in 812, thus decreeing the birth of the city of 856:, which ended only in the 18th century with the 9634: 7214:(in Italian). Vol. 2. Rome. Archived from 7171:(in Italian). Vol. 1. Rome. Archived from 5403:The Jesuits and Italian Universities, 1548–1773 2652:, starting from 1141 with the beginning of the 2639:If the first stable form of involvement of the 2432:was named the last Captain General of the Sea ( 1175:and a pro-Byzantine party with a stronghold in 7581: 6551: 5286:National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 4544: 4354:, which included a parade of boats led by the 3877:first Armenian Catholic church, the church of 3094: 2426:(Venetian peace) throughout the 18th century. 1509:. The situation changed in 1202 when the Doge 1240:was elected who, with the promulgation of the 987: 730:area (a territory currently comparable to the 53: 12907:States and territories disestablished in 1797 11275: 10966: 10343: 9892: 9702: 8434: 7740: 7428:(in Italian). Venezia: Giambattista Andreola. 6152:"Storia – La nascita del Ghetto – I Tedeschi" 4559: 4530: 3417:, Captain General of the Mainland during the 2847:, who was beheaded for attempting to found a 2823:, who established Venetian dominion over the 2541: 1615:In the Venetian hinterland, the war waged by 1021: 716:. Founded, according to tradition, in 697 by 38: 8837:Patria del Friuli (Patriarchate of Aquileia) 6158:. Jewish Community of Venice. Archived from 4261:. Based on the actors' improvisation and on 2547: 2218:held that these provisions were contrary to 1583:broke out, won by the Genoese following the 1371:in southern Italy. The Norman occupation of 1301:had a political vision close to that of the 892:, responsible for judicial matters, and the 459:independence, "province" dropped from name) 11115:County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos 7083: 7058: 6429: 6245:"Storia – La peste e la ripresa del Ghetto" 6138: 6096: 5264: 5245: 2863:, who led Venice in resistance against the 2210:In 1606, a conflict between Venice and the 1692:. Initially the Genoese managed to conquer 1355:managed to subjugate the coastal cities of 1036:, in reference to its title as one of the " 973: 958: 952: 935: 927: 921: 915: 11282: 11268: 10973: 10959: 10350: 10336: 9899: 9885: 9854:Regatta of the Historical Marine Republics 9709: 9695: 8441: 8427: 7747: 7733: 7679:La Repubblica del Leone. Storia di Venezia 7648: 7598:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7576:Myths of Venice: The Figuration of a State 7482:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7456:Preto, Paolo (2004). il Saggiatore (ed.). 7385:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7239:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7196:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7125:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7112:La Republica di Venezia e la corte di Roma 7100:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7075:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6068:"Storia – Le origini: Gli ebrei a Venezia" 5448:. New York: Abbeville Press. p. 255. 5270: 5181: 4093:market were: cotton, fabrics, iron, wood, 4014:, one of many forts that secured Venetian 2841:, giving rise to Venice's maritime empire. 2524:surrendered unconditionally on 12 May and 154: 12912:States and territories established in 697 8098: Administrative magistracies 7421: 7289:Howard, Deborah, and Sarah Quill (2004). 7264:Venice: a Cultural and Literary Companion 7140: 7108: 7042: 7024:The Commonwealth and Government of Venice 6952: 6940: 6928: 6868: 6563: 6539: 6527: 6515: 6503: 6491: 6479: 6467: 6412: 6389:. Harvard University Press. p. 149. 6334: 6054: 6042: 6030: 6018: 6006: 5892: 5880: 5856: 5844: 5832: 5820: 5808: 5250:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4242:, was inaugurated with a presentation of 3591:Venetian citizenship was of three types: 1758:won a crushing victory against the Turks 1513:decided to exploit the expedition of the 10357: 7629:Il confine d'Italia in Istria e Dalmazia 7204: 7161: 5934: 5919: 5907: 5868: 5763: 5751: 5727: 5703: 5679: 5655: 5643: 5628: 5616: 5592: 5568: 5544: 5504: 5327: 4628:"Venezia 1600: un dialetto e una lingua" 4320: 4280: 4218: 3997: 3989: 3908:of Venice were allowed to remain in the 3849: 3774: 3645: 3635: 3455: 3409: 3340: 3098: 3085:that in 1355 it even condemned the Doge 3024: 2969: 2899: 2686:, the political center of the Republic. 2591: 2449: 2332: 2322: 2182: 2166: 2072:ports; the king of France: Cremona; the 1986: 1971: 1819: 1717: 1492: 1341: 1330: 1305:and consequently attempted to establish 1068: 662:suggests that this may be a mistake for 8792:Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca 7560: 7546: 7532: 7518: 7504: 7490: 7432: 7000: 6988: 6976: 6964: 6916: 6904: 6892: 6880: 6599: 5982: 5970: 5958: 5946: 5739: 5715: 5691: 5667: 5604: 5580: 5556: 5532: 5492: 5480: 5315: 5182:Witzenrath, Christoph (November 2015). 5169: 4835: 4823: 4811: 4799: 4787: 4775: 4763: 4751: 4736: 4700: 4688: 4676: 4664: 4652: 2895: 2141:, and papal ships under the command of 1191:in 810, the Frankish army commanded by 1138:. The Venetians elected by acclamation 1081:, was the main place of worship in the 670:, and that the traditional second doge 12824: 9716: 7754: 7452:, Itinera Progetti, Bassano del Grappa 7311: 7280: 7135:The Imperial Age of Venice, 1380–1580. 6384: 5372:"Europe in an age of crisis 1600–1750" 5292:from the original on 30 September 2020 1676:. The weakness of the Republic pushed 1205:who definitively moved the capital to 1006:Republic of the Seven United Provinces 975:Venetiae Dalmatiae atque Chroatiae Dux 160:Map of the Venetian overseas domains ( 11263: 10954: 10331: 9880: 9690: 8422: 7728: 7673: 7455: 7358: 7149:from the original on 4 September 2023 6850:from the original on 17 February 2019 6826: 6808:from the original on 17 February 2019 6775:from the original on 17 February 2019 6751: 6739: 6724: 6712: 6674: 6659: 6647: 6630: 6587: 6575: 6372: 5994: 5438: 5220: 5188:(New ed.). Ashgate. p. 13. 5157: 5145: 5133: 5121: 5109: 5092: 5080: 5068: 5056: 5044: 5032: 5020: 5008: 4996: 4979: 4967: 4955: 4943: 4931: 4919: 4907: 4895: 4883: 4871: 4859: 4847: 4724: 4712: 4634:from the original on 26 December 2022 1403:Having taken office in 1118, Emperor 1335:The commercial ports included in the 995:During the 17th century, monarchical 12837:7th-century establishments in Europe 11820:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy 7035: 6602:"Eta Ducale – Le risorse: le saline" 5369: 5246:Mallett, M. E.; Hale, J. R. (1984). 4630:(in Italian). Università di Padova. 4619: 4607:from the original on 2 November 2022 2873:, who led Venice in the recovery of 2689: 2626:. Following the brief regime of the 2261:, Spanish governor of Milan, around 2145:, defeated the Turkish fleet at the 1553:Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople 1293:who in 958 assigned the position of 12842:7th-century establishments in Italy 10980: 10935: 10380:Decline of the Western Roman Empire 8073: Judicial magistracies 7416:Civic Ritual in Renaissance Venice. 7291:The Architectural History of Venice 6690:. Città di Venezia. 19 March 2020. 5775: 5420:from the original on 2 October 2022 3556:. In 1774, all noble houses of the 2458:(1797): the abdication of the last 1704:15th century: Territorial expansion 754:as well as numerous islands in the 16:Sovereign state in Italy (697–1797) 13: 11289: 10472:Growth of the Eastern Roman Empire 8146:Riformatori dello studio di Padova 7636:In Adriatico nel secondo millennio 7015: 5462:from the original on 19 March 2021 5202:from the original on 19 March 2021 4437:Timeline of the Republic of Venice 4046:starting from 1082 when, with the 3845: 3812:Basilica of San Pietro di Castello 3238:, as well as the large islands of 2298:Charles II Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers 2265:in 1617 and in the countryside of 1085:between the 7th and 9th centuries. 1054:Timeline of the Republic of Venice 674:may have been the similarly named 626:Provisional Municipality of Venice 14: 12923: 10902:Historiography in the Middle Ages 9601:United Provinces of Central Italy 8111:Provveditori sopra beni communali 8088: Fiscal magistracies 7697: 6694:from the original on 14 June 2020 6348:"Aldo Manuzio – Note biografiche" 5790:from the original on 4 March 2016 4561:Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia 4482:Venetian Renaissance architecture 4107:Coinage of the Republic of Venice 3377:Superintendent General of the Sea 3166:and Gambarare, while the city of 2052:in 1508, under the leadership of 2009:of France against Milan, gaining 1898:, and other Dalmatian cities. In 1742:. Hostilities began after Prince 1289:managed to elect six doges up to 1167:in 774, with the creation of the 1050:History of the Republic of Venice 1014:Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia 809:and established on the island of 40:Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia 12808: 12794: 12776: 12775: 12764: 11054: 10934: 10925: 10924: 10914: 9959: 9833: 9821: 9809: 9797: 9783: 9767: 9754: 9741: 9729: 8450:List of historic states of Italy 7850: 7585:Il Fondaco dei Turchi in Venezia 7051:Brown, Patricia Fortini (2004). 6832: 6757: 6680: 6593: 6435: 6378: 6340: 6297: 6267: 6237: 6182:"Storia – Levantini e Ponentini" 6174: 6144: 6102: 6060: 5445:Venice: The Golden Age, 697–1797 4626:Francesca Forzan (29 May 2021). 4421:List of historic states of Italy 3326:Armed forces and public security 2959: 2736: 2717: 2367:, crossed the isthmus, and took 2329:Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–1718) 1952:In February 1489, the island of 1925:. In 1481, Venice retook nearby 1644:In 1343 Venice took part in the 1623:returned to the dominion of the 1363:of 1054 and the outbreak of the 630: 605: 144: 110: 89: 82: 12847:1797 disestablishments in Italy 12505:Orders, decorations, and medals 10400:Christianity in the Middle Ages 10395:Decline of Hellenistic religion 9583:Provisional Government of Milan 8116:Provveditori sopra beni inculti 7400:Melisseides Ioannes A. (2010), 7010: 5769: 5498: 5432: 5394: 5363: 5346: 5321: 5239: 5214: 5175: 4573:Serenìsima Repùblega de Venexia 4410:History of the Byzantine Empire 3678:Monastery of San Nicolò al Lido 3515:Order of Saint Mark or the Doge 3508:Lagunari Regiment "Serenissima" 3254:, but were also established in 2622:, at the head of which was the 2152: 2137:, composed mainly of Venetian, 1773:, which was acquired from King 1754:. The conflict escalated until 1447:, which would later become the 1059:9th–10th century: The ducal age 1018:Serenìsima Repùblega de Venexia 914:, the doge was called in Latin 55:Serenìsima Repùblega de Venexia 21:La Serenissima (disambiguation) 11186:Livonian Brothers of the Sword 11073:Latin Empire of Constantinople 10678:Crisis of the late Middle Ages 10317:Fall of the Republic of Venice 8782:City of Fiume and its District 7952: Principal organs 6215:"Storia – La Natione italiana" 4589: 4552: 4516: 3770: 3581:were educated for free at the 2660:, the largest assembly of the 2505:. In the preliminaries to the 2456:fall of the Republic of Venice 2446:Fall of the Republic of Venice 2359:The Turks took the islands of 2319:peninsula in southern Greece. 1935:captured the Kingdom of Bosnia 1660:. Following the defeat in the 1384:. The following year, Emperor 1350:influence in Venetian culture. 1097:. According to tradition, the 698:Most Serene Republic of Venice 32:Most Serene Republic of Venice 1: 11120:Lordship of Argos and Nauplia 10852:Disability in the Middle Ages 10525:Rise of the Republic of Genoa 10457:Rise of the Venetian Republic 9217:County of Apulia and Calabria 8723:Campagna e Marittima Province 8121:Esecutori contro la bestemmia 7807:Serrata del Maggior Consiglio 7567:Storia documentata di Venezia 7553:Storia documentata di Venezia 7539:Storia documentata di Venezia 7525:Storia documentata di Venezia 7511:Storia documentata di Venezia 7497:Storia documentata di Venezia 7141:Ciriacono, Salvatore (1996). 6600:Hocquet, Jean-Claude (1992). 4582: 4400: 4316: 3900:In Venice there was also the 3712: 3632:History of the Jews in Venice 3035:Also known as the Council of 2948:, the local defense militias. 2791:and the three leaders of the 2311:, the republic initiated the 2282:War of the Mantuan Succession 1601:Serrata del Maggior Consiglio 1075:Church of Santa Maria Assunta 117: 12872:History of the Mediterranean 8294:Venetian commercial shipping 8204:Provveditore Generale da Mar 7638:. Foreword by Arnaldo Mauri. 7459:I servizi segreti di Venezia 7247:Drechsler, Wolfgang (2002). 6110:"Storia – La prima condotta" 5783:(in Italian). pp. 1–2. 5378:. p. 26. Archived from 5330:The Ottoman Empire 1326–1699 5284:] (PhD thesis). Athens: 4457:Venetian Gothic architecture 4062:and in Asian cities such as 3927: 3603:, religious or professional 3203:Provveditore Generale da Mar 2989:Lockout of the Great Council 2676:Lockout of the Great Council 2520:After Napoleon's ultimatum, 2288:, and Venice's closest ally 1982:War of the League of Cambrai 1792:Devotion of Verona to Venice 1627:. In 1338, Venice conquered 1485:Battle of Adramyttion (1334) 901: 746:, the coasts of present-day 7: 12867:History of the Adriatic Sea 12545:Water supply and sanitation 11969:Italian geographical region 11837:Monarchy and the World Wars 11779:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 11665:War of the Sicilian Vespers 11318:Timeline of Italian history 11168:State of the Teutonic Order 11041:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia 10075:Napoli di Romania (Nafplio) 9619:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia 9613:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 9565:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza 8743:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza 7811:Wars of expansion in Italy 7610:. On Venetian architecture. 7022:Contarini, Gasparo (1599). 5512:. Tallandier. p. 452. 4384: 3966: 3881:, dates back only to 1682. 3765: 3206:who lived on the island of 3095:Administrative subdivisions 2817:, the first Doge of Venice. 2587: 2436:) of the Republic in 1784. 2187:Captain General of the Sea 1991:Captain General of the Sea 1850:were acquired in 1404, and 1750:and established himself as 1746:ended the civil war of the 1631:, the first nucleus of the 1533:and several islands in the 732:Metropolitan City of Venice 700:and traditionally known as 654:is traditionally the first 140:Greater coat of arms (1706) 10: 12928: 12464:Inventions and discoveries 11874:Fall of the Fascist regime 11857:Fourth War of Independence 11815:Expedition of the Thousand 11805:Second War of Independence 10653:Rise of the Ottoman Empire 10186:(1383–1537/79), then only 9559:Duchy of Modena and Reggio 9553:Duchy of Massa and Carrara 8954:Prince-Bishopric of Trento 8924:Duchy of Modena and Reggio 8909:Duchy of Massa and Carrara 8199:Captain General of the Sea 8136:Cinque savi alla mercanzia 7649:Van Tricht, Filip (2011). 7608:Venice and the Renaissance 7260:Venice: a Cultural History 6552:Sagredo & Berchet 1860 5778:"Ravenna in età Veneziana" 5376:Cambridge University Press 5328:Turnbull, Stephen (2003). 4379:Spanish-style bullfighting 4276: 4227:built in 1655 by Giovanni 4214: 4149: 4142:, over whose activity the 4104: 4100: 4048:issuing of the Golden Bull 3923:Economic history of Venice 3920: 3916: 3629: 3520: 3462:Scuola Grande di San Marco 3449: 3445: 3403: 3385:Captain General of the Sea 3334: 2963: 2891:, the last Doge of Venice. 2698: 2443: 2326: 2259:Don Pedro de Toledo Osorio 2156: 1919:conspiracy for a rebellion 1707: 1545:, thus giving life to the 1482: 1476: 1324: 1062: 1047: 1043: 840:, Spain and France in the 18: 12760: 12558: 12404: 12395: 12259: 12250: 12238:Security and intelligence 12111: 12102: 11964: 11955: 11898: 11825:Third War of Independence 11800:First War of Independence 11787: 11680: 11589: 11470: 11407: 11326: 11310: 11301: 11232: 11153: 11063: 11052: 10997: 10988: 10910: 10839: 10698: 10593: 10580:Mongol invasion of Europe 10485: 10365: 10290:Podestà of Constantinople 10272: 10231: 10132: 10045: 9968: 9957: 9918: 9849: 9792: 9781: 9724: 9671:Free Territory of Trieste 9531: 9461: 9400: 9383: 9307: 9244: 9207: 9189:Principality of Benevento 9181: 9158: 9103: 9092: 9034: 9004: 8756: 8706: 8660: 8591: 8578: 8541: 8456: 8394: 8360:Accademia degli Incogniti 8320: 8313: 8235: 8228: 8164: 8017:Procurators of Saint Mark 7944: 7937: 7866: 7859: 7848: 7765: 7606:Tafuri, Manfredo (1995). 7422:Mutinelli, Fabio (1851). 7338:Venice: Maritime Republic 7296:Hale, John Rigby (1974). 7275:Journal of Modern History 7143:"Industria e artigianato" 5332:. Routledge. p. 58. 5225:. New York: I.B. Tauris. 4130:On 31 October 1284, Doge 3741:character and the hooked 3432: 3369:The fleet located in the 3021:and indirectly the Doge. 2555: 1817:), were sold in Venice. 917:Dux Venetiarum Provinciae 831:expansion on the mainland 720:, over the course of its 646: 584: 570: 566: 549: 536: 523: 510: 497: 484: 467: 447: 434: 430: 409: 396: 384: 373: 369: 357: 345: 341: 331: 305: 293: 282: 226: 198: 169: 153: 138: 128: 78: 73: 30: 11916:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus 11911:Institutional referendum 11105:Duchy of the Archipelago 10184:Duchy of the Archipelago 9859:Coat of Arms of the Navy 9577:Italian United Provinces 8929:Principality of Piombino 8718:Patrimony of Saint Peter 7448:Prelli, Alberto (2012). 7281:Hanlon, Gregory (1997). 7269:Grubb, James S. (1986). 7258:Garrett, Martin (2006). 7133:Chambers, D. S. (1970). 7065:. Vol. 10. Venezia. 7043:Benvenuti, Gino (1989). 4509: 4027:Giustiniano Participazio 3985: 3891:Church of San Bartolomeo 3883:San Lazzaro degli Armeni 3879:Santa Croce degli Armeni 3863:Greek Orthodox community 3836:Marco Antonio de Dominis 3762:were printed in Venice. 2765:, or commander) was the 2454:A portrait painting the 2434:Capitano Generale da Mar 1947:briefly captured Otranto 1884:Patriarchate of Aquileia 1266:Giovanni II Participazio 1262:Patriarchate of Aquileia 359:• 1789–1797 (last) 12832:1st millennium in Italy 12439:Emigration and diaspora 11648:Guelphs and Ghibellines 11633:the Sardinian Judicates 11085:Kingdom of Thessalonica 11019:Principality of Antioch 10991:List of Crusader states 10535:Investiture Controversy 10505:Second Bulgarian Empire 10162:(1205–1669), then only 9984:Cerigotto (Anticythera) 9665:Italian Social Republic 9340:Principality of Taranto 9232:Principality of Taranto 9194:Principality of Salerno 8949:Bishopric of Tarantasia 8772:Bishopric of Bressanone 8689:Duchy of the Pentapolis 8325:Scuole Grandi of Venice 7709:Encyclopædia Britannica 7047:. Rome: Newton Compton. 7045:Le repubbliche marinare 6765:"Grozzo Enrico Dandolo" 5272:Manousakas, Manousos I. 4572: 4545: 4540: 4492:Venetian School (music) 4462:Venetian Ionian Islands 4034:, caravans of merchant 3625: 3560:were also added to the 3467:Since the retrieval of 3399: 3330: 2966:Great Council of Venice 2694: 2662:Veneciarum municipality 2439: 1449:Great Council of Venice 1026:or more simply that of 1017: 988: 797:duchy dependent on the 347:• 697–717 (first) 199:Official languages 54: 12877:History of the Balkans 12321:Science and technology 12269:Italian regions by GDP 12070:Marine protected areas 11742:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 11207:Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek 11110:Triarchy of Negroponte 11090:Principality of Achaea 11078:Duchy of Philippopolis 10892:Post-classical history 10648:Fall of Constantinople 10555:Capet–Plantagenet feud 10422:First Bulgarian Empire 10218:(1451–1537, 1687–1715) 10089:(1407–1540, 1687–1699) 9571:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 9345:Terra Sancti Benedicti 9249:(from the 9th century) 8959:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 8151:Magistrato alla Sanità 8106:Provveditori all'Armar 7574:Rosand, David (2001). 7249:Venice Misappropriated 7115:. Vol. 1. Venice. 6688:"Storia dell'Arsenale" 6385:Gordon, Scott (2009). 6305:"Privilegio di stampa" 4565: 4560: 4531: 4526: 4426:Ottoman wars in Europe 4330: 4293: 4231: 4154: 4022: 3995: 3857: 3800:Patriarchate of Venice 3782: 3729:Between 1495 and 1515 3653: 3643: 3464: 3421: 3354: 3345:Depiction of Venetian 3104: 2978: 2909: 2597: 2548: 2542: 2530:Treaty of Campo Formio 2466: 2396:Battle of Petrovaradin 2349: 2305:Cretan War (1645–1669) 2271:Don Pedro Téllez-Girón 2195: 2180: 2159:Cretan War (1645–1669) 1999: 1984: 1980:, which triggered the 1828: 1801:was divided in to the 1788:Gian Galeazzo Visconti 1731: 1714:Croatian–Venetian wars 1617:Mastino II della Scala 1527:empire was dismembered 1498: 1351: 1339: 1268:who, after conquering 1086: 1022: 1013: 974: 959: 953: 936: 928: 922: 916: 870:Treaty of Campo Formio 722:1,100 years of history 557:Treaty of Campo Formio 501:Sack of Constantinople 39: 12520:Public administration 11628:the Holy Roman Empire 11197:Bishopric of Courland 11192:Archbishopric of Riga 10307:Venetian–Genoese wars 10302:Ottoman–Venetian wars 10259:(13th century – 1365) 9936:(11th century – 1797) 9930:(10th century – 1797) 9589:Republic of San Marco 9371:Crown Colony of Malta 9199:Principality of Capua 8939:Marquisate of Saluzzo 8802:County of Santa Fiora 8464:Etruscan civilization 8177:Conflicts and battles 8141:Magistrato alle pompe 8101:Magistrato alle acque 8066:Correttori alle Leggi 7837:Ottoman–Venetian wars 7802:Venetian–Genoese wars 7641:Tomaz, Luigi (2001). 7627:Tomaz, Luigi (2007). 7619:29 March 2017 at the 7462:(in Italian). Milan. 7414:Muir, Edward (1981). 7334:Lane, Frederic Chapin 7262:. Revised edition of 5510:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 4527:Repubblica di Venezia 4487:Venetian School (art) 4431:Republic of San Marco 4324: 4284: 4236:Compagnie della Calza 4222: 4199:. This era ends with 4115:, the minting of the 4002:The Venetian fort of 4001: 3993: 3871:San Giorgio dei Greci 3855:San Giorgio dei Greci 3853: 3814:which was changed to 3788:Patriarchate of Grado 3778: 3649: 3639: 3579:impoverished nobility 3459: 3413: 3344: 3102: 3025:Principal magistrates 2973: 2903: 2595: 2578:(1755), he published 2569:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 2453: 2408:Treaty of Passarowitz 2336: 2323:18th century: Decline 2186: 2170: 2003:War with the Ottomans 1990: 1975: 1823: 1815:Black Sea slave trade 1807:Black Sea slave trade 1760:off Gallipoli in 1416 1721: 1496: 1479:Venetian–Genoese wars 1382:Byzantine-Norman wars 1345: 1334: 1091:Byzantine territories 1072: 1038:Most Serene Republics 858:Treaty of Passarowitz 540:Treaty of Passarowitz 12748:World Heritage Sites 12203:Council of Ministers 11941:Coronavirus pandemic 11339:Currency and coinage 11007:Kingdom of Jerusalem 10872:Medieval reenactment 10668:Renaissance Humanism 10575:Medieval Warm Period 10545:Republic of Florence 10359:European Middle Ages 10123:Kingdom of the Morea 10024:Santa Maura (Leucas) 9385:French Revolutionary 9325:State of the Presidi 9049:Republic of Florence 9021:Domini di Terraferma 8671:Exarchate of Ravenna 8569:Western Roman Empire 8513:Nuragic civilization 8335:Venetian Renaissance 8091:Camerlenghi di Comun 7883:Domini di Terraferma 7434:Norwich, John Julius 7351:Laven, Mary (2002). 6612:on 19 September 2018 4567:Most Serene Republic 4541:Repùblega de Venexia 4467:Venetian nationalism 4358:and the rite of the 3895:Fondaco dei Tedeschi 3867:San Biagio in Venice 3274:Domini di Terraferma 2924:it took the name of 2914:Sages of the Council 2896:College of the Sages 2815:Paolo Lucio Anafesto 2612:Western Roman Empire 2354:Turkish–Venetian War 2286:battle of Villabuona 1864:Sigismund of Hungary 1799:Venetian slave trade 1794:in 1405) and Padua. 1783:the Dalmatian cities 1779:civil war in Hungary 1634:Domini di Terraferma 1587:and ending in 1299. 1445:Consilium Sapientium 1365:investiture struggle 1256:from attacks by the 1203:Agnello Participazio 1112:attempted to extend 986:was fully named the 799:Exarchate of Ravenna 718:Paolo Lucio Anafesto 712:with its capital in 652:Paolo Lucio Anafesto 613:Exarchate of Ravenna 398:• Lower chamber 386:• Upper chamber 352:Paolo Lucio Anafesto 12887:Italian city-states 12279:Automotive industry 12218:Metropolitan cities 11764:Early Modern period 11737:Kingdom of Sardinia 11688:Italian city-states 11202:Bishopric of Dorpat 11133:Knights Hospitaller 10585:Kingdom of Portugal 10452:Old Church Slavonic 10437:Anglo-Saxon England 10087:Lepanto (Nafpaktos) 10063:Negroponte (Euboea) 9659:Free State of Fiume 9607:Kingdom of Sardinia 9350:Neapolitan Republic 9298:Kingdom of Sardinia 9293:Republic of Sassari 9121:Catepanate of Italy 9044:Republic of Cospaia 8867:Duchy of Montferrat 8862:March of Montferrat 8797:County of Guastalla 8697:Exarchate of Africa 8365:Accademia Veneziana 8330:Gothic architecture 8061:Avogadoria de Comùn 7681:. Milan: Bompiani. 7438:A History of Venice 7178:on 28 February 2020 6871:, pp. 381–382. 6754:, pp. 366–367. 6742:, pp. 158–163. 6633:, pp. 160–161. 6566:, pp. 478–487. 6542:, pp. 474–475. 6530:, pp. 489–493. 6518:, pp. 459–461. 6285:on 21 December 2019 6255:on 21 December 2019 6225:on 21 December 2019 6192:on 21 December 2019 6162:on 21 December 2019 6141:, pp. 123–132. 6120:on 28 November 2019 6099:, pp. 120–123. 6078:on 29 November 2019 6057:, pp. 364–365. 6045:, pp. 105–106. 6033:, pp. 278–279. 6009:, pp. 223–224. 5985:, pp. 357–360. 5973:, pp. 372–373. 5961:, pp. 371–372. 5949:, pp. 369–371. 5883:, pp. 196–197. 5742:, pp. 336–337. 5718:, pp. 334–335. 5694:, pp. 333–334. 5670:, pp. 331–333. 5607:, pp. 330–331. 5583:, pp. 327–330. 5559:, pp. 326–327. 5535:, pp. 322–326. 5382:on 3 September 2018 5221:Engel, Pál (2001). 5160:, pp. 199–205. 5148:, pp. 172–173. 5124:, pp. 147–149. 5112:, pp. 142–144. 5095:, pp. 138–140. 5083:, pp. 128–132. 5059:, pp. 114–115. 5047:, pp. 110–111. 5035:, pp. 102–103. 5011:, pp. 117–118. 4778:, pp. 569–573. 4766:, pp. 423–428. 4360:Marriage of the Sea 4340:Feast of Saint Mark 4240:Teatro San Cassiano 4187:culture) following 4161:Italian Renaissance 3832:Pier Paolo Vergerio 3820:Counter-Reformation 3792:Diocese of Castello 3686:defeat of Agnadello 3651:Levantine Synagogue 3575:University of Padua 3570:Avogadoria de Comùn 3568:was managed by the 3469:Mark the Evangelist 3415:Bartolomeo Colleoni 3375:was managed by the 3068:Similar to today's 3064:Avogadoria de Comùn 3003:as well as all the 3001:Avogadoria de Comùn 2974:An assembly of the 2793:Quarantia Criminale 2581:The Social Contract 2517:part of the state. 2375:, and the bases of 2267:Romano di Lombardia 2143:Don John of Austria 2123:full-scale invasion 2081:battle of Agnadello 1923:Council of Florence 1775:Ladislaus of Naples 1748:Ottoman Interregnum 1388:granted Venice the 1311:Venetian patriciate 1291:Pietro III Candiano 1248:Orso I Participazio 1077:, on the island of 850:long series of wars 846:Battle of Agnadello 785:The islands of the 672:Marcello Tegalliano 660:John Julius Norwich 422:Early modern period 12902:Republic of Venice 12897:Maritime republics 12816:Middle Ages portal 12341:Telecommunications 11708:Maritime republics 11242:Crusading movement 11138:Hospitaller Rhodes 11100:Duchy of Neopatras 10766:In popular culture 10731:Crusading movement 10603:Hundred Years' War 10462:Civitas Schinesghe 10447:Carolingian Empire 10432:Kingdom of Croatia 10385:Barbarian kingdoms 9912:Republic of Venice 9841:Republic of Ragusa 9816:Republic of Ancona 9775:Republic of Venice 9718:Maritime republics 9489:Lucca and Piombino 9366:Malta Protectorate 9330:Duke of San Donato 9084:Republic of Ancona 9006:Republic of Venice 8919:Duchy of Mirandola 8807:Duchy of Guastalla 8645:Duchy of Tridentum 8625:Duchy of Benevento 8592:Barbarian kingdoms 8382:Carnival of Venice 8081:Lords of the Night 8005:Savi di Terraferma 8000:Savi del Consiglio 7990:Signoria of Venice 7966:promissione ducale 7792:Chrysobull of 1082 7757:Republic of Venice 7298:Renaissance Venice 6449:on 9 February 2019 4397:Francesco Apostoli 4392:Commune Veneciarum 4336:St Mark's Basilica 4331: 4294: 4259:commedia dell'arte 4232: 4225:Teatro San Samuele 4023: 3996: 3902:Fondaco dei Turchi 3858: 3783: 3780:St Mark's Basilica 3654: 3644: 3558:Mainland Dominions 3478:Terre di San Marco 3465: 3452:Lion of Saint Mark 3439:Lords of the Night 3422: 3355: 3105: 2979: 2910: 2871:Francesco Morosini 2777:promissione ducale 2705:Signoria of Venice 2598: 2477:. In spring 1796, 2467: 2350: 2253:of Austria in the 2251:Archduke Ferdinand 2196: 2181: 2100:Karpasia Peninsula 2056:. The pope wanted 2000: 1985: 1902:, Venice acquired 1829: 1803:Balkan slave trade 1732: 1670:Louis I of Hungary 1662:Battle of Sapienza 1658:War of the Straits 1646:Smyrniote crusades 1564:War of Saint Sabas 1523:besiege it in 1204 1519:conquered the city 1499: 1489:Smyrniote crusades 1462:promissione ducale 1410:maritime republics 1386:Alexios I Komnenos 1359:and Dalmatia. The 1352: 1340: 1337:chrystobol of 1082 1299:Pietro IV Candiano 1169:Carolingian Empire 1087: 942:Carolingian Empire 829:of 1381 and begin 694:Republic of Venice 319:classical republic 227:Minority languages 12882:History of Venice 12789: 12788: 12756: 12755: 12391: 12390: 12326:Southern question 12246: 12245: 12178:Political parties 12126:Foreign relations 12098: 12097: 11951: 11950: 11672:Kingdom of Naples 11660:Kingdom of Sicily 11257: 11256: 11224:Free City of Riga 11046:Kingdom of Cyprus 11036:County of Tripoli 10948: 10947: 10857:Basic topics list 10658:Swiss mercenaries 10608:Wars of the Roses 10515:Kingdom of Poland 10500:Holy Roman Empire 10367:Early Middle Ages 10325: 10324: 10285:Partitio Romaniae 10006:Zante (Zakynthos) 9874: 9873: 9749:Republic of Genoa 9684: 9683: 9680: 9679: 9527: 9526: 9494:Massa and Carrara 9379: 9378: 9356:Hospitaller Malta 9315:Kingdom of Naples 9309:Kingdom of Sicily 9240: 9239: 9150:Duchy of Sorrento 9069:Republic of Genoa 9064:Republic of Siena 9059:Republic of Massa 9054:Republic of Lucca 8787:County of Gorizia 8777:Corsican Republic 8758:Holy Roman Empire 8416: 8415: 8390: 8389: 8309: 8308: 8224: 8223: 8049:State Inquisitors 7980:Commune of Venice 7933: 7932: 7704:Venetian Republic 7688:978-88-452-9136-4 7666:978-90-04-20323-5 7659:. Leiden: Brill. 7326:978-88-95996-69-1 7036:Secondary sources 7003:, pp. 44–45. 6991:, pp. 36–40. 6979:, pp. 30–32. 6967:, pp. 25–29. 6919:, pp. 54–55. 6895:, pp. 51–52. 6650:, pp. 35–36. 6590:, pp. 74–75. 6506:, pp. 85–90. 6470:, pp. 14–16. 6354:on 10 August 2017 5922:, pp. 21–22. 5776:Berengo, Marino. 5766:, pp. 52–61. 5754:, pp. 68–69. 5730:, pp. 63–64. 5706:, pp. 34–38. 5682:, pp. 30–32. 5658:, pp. 22–23. 5595:, pp. 16–17. 5547:, pp. 15–16. 5506:Trousson, Raymond 5339:978-0-415-96913-0 5232:978-1-8504-3977-6 5023:, pp. 80–81. 4999:, pp. 91–93. 4982:, pp. 82–83. 4970:, pp. 71–73. 4958:, pp. 65–67. 4946:, pp. 62–64. 4934:, pp. 53–55. 4922:, pp. 51–53. 4910:, pp. 46–48. 4898:, pp. 40–44. 4886:, pp. 37–38. 4862:, pp. 27–31. 4850:, pp. 24–26. 4532:Repubblica Veneta 4497:Venetian Slovenia 4477:Venetian nobility 4452:Venetian Dalmatia 4447:Venetian Carnival 4348:Festa della Sensa 4327:Festa della Sensa 4248:Benedetto Ferrari 4052:Manuel I Komnenos 3755:Lucantonio Giunti 3692:, many Jews from 3690:League of Cambrai 3617:Citizens de extra 3611:Citizens de intra 3595:Original citizens 3379:, who resided in 3218:, also including 3070:public prosecutor 2865:League of Cambrai 2855:Francesco Foscari 2821:Pietro II Orseolo 2690:Government system 2538:Venetian Province 2493:. The army under 2339:Lodovico Flangini 2309:Great Turkish War 2247:Holy Roman Empire 2205:Thirty Years' War 2147:battle of Lepanto 2050:League of Cambrai 2023:battle of Zonchio 1993:Sebastiano Venier 1962:Kingdom of Cyprus 1825:Francesco Foscari 1585:Battle of Curzola 1467:Commune of Venice 1315:Pietro II Orseolo 1303:Holy Roman Empire 1280:Pietro I Candiano 1002:Republic of Genoa 980:Venetian language 954:Domino Venetiarum 842:League of Cambrai 838:Habsburg monarchy 710:maritime republic 696:, officially the 690: 689: 668:Exarch of Ravenna 642: 641: 638: 637: 618: 617: 527:Battle of Lepanto 287:Roman Catholicism 98:Standard and flag 12919: 12862:Former republics 12857:Christian states 12818: 12813: 12812: 12804: 12799: 12798: 12797: 12779: 12778: 12771:Italy portal 12768: 12767: 12708:National symbols 12402: 12401: 12257: 12256: 12109: 12108: 11962: 11961: 11842:Kingdom of Italy 11769:Napoleonic Italy 11308: 11307: 11284: 11277: 11270: 11261: 11260: 11217:Order of Dobrzyń 11145:Genoese colonies 11058: 11024:County of Edessa 10975: 10968: 10961: 10952: 10951: 10938: 10937: 10928: 10927: 10918: 10877:Medieval studies 10721:Church and State 10595:Late Middle Ages 10487:High Middle Ages 10405:Christianization 10375:Migration Period 10352: 10345: 10338: 10329: 10328: 10273:Related articles 10190:(1383–1617) and 10065:(1209/1390–1470) 9980:Cerigo (Cythera) 9973:and dependencies 9963: 9950:Venetian Albania 9940:Durazzo (Durrës) 9901: 9894: 9887: 9878: 9877: 9867: 9839: 9837: 9836: 9828:Republic of Noli 9826: 9825: 9824: 9814: 9813: 9812: 9802: 9801: 9800: 9787: 9773: 9771: 9770: 9762:Republic of Pisa 9760: 9758: 9757: 9747: 9745: 9744: 9734: 9733: 9732: 9711: 9704: 9697: 9688: 9687: 9645:Kingdom of Italy 9632: 9631: 9398: 9397: 9227:County of Sicily 9222:County of Aversa 9145:Byzantine Sicily 9131:Theme of Lucania 9101: 9100: 9079:Republic of Pisa 9074:Republic of Noli 8944:Duchy of Spoleto 8914:Duchy of Merania 8812:Kingdom of Italy 8738:Duchy of Ferrara 8683:Duchy of Perugia 8662:Byzantine Empire 8640:Duchy of Spoleto 8607:Ostrogothic rule 8589: 8588: 8457:Pre-Roman period 8443: 8436: 8429: 8420: 8419: 8408: 8401: 8318: 8317: 8240:Economic history 8233: 8232: 8194:Venetian Arsenal 8172:Military history 8156:Grand chancellor 8099: 8089: 8074: 8056:Council of Forty 8010:Savi agli Ordini 7976:(abolished 1423) 7953: 7942: 7941: 7903:Venetian Albania 7864: 7863: 7854: 7820:Wars in Lombardy 7758: 7749: 7742: 7735: 7726: 7725: 7692: 7670: 7603: 7597: 7589: 7571: 7562:Romanin, Samuele 7557: 7548:Romanin, Samuele 7543: 7534:Romanin, Samuele 7529: 7520:Romanin, Samuele 7515: 7506:Romanin, Samuele 7501: 7492:Romanin, Samuele 7487: 7481: 7473: 7445: 7429: 7390: 7384: 7376: 7330: 7286: 7244: 7238: 7230: 7228: 7226: 7220: 7213: 7201: 7195: 7187: 7185: 7183: 7177: 7170: 7158: 7156: 7154: 7130: 7124: 7116: 7105: 7099: 7091: 7080: 7074: 7066: 7048: 7028:online facsimile 7004: 6998: 6992: 6986: 6980: 6974: 6968: 6962: 6956: 6950: 6944: 6938: 6932: 6926: 6920: 6914: 6908: 6902: 6896: 6890: 6884: 6878: 6872: 6866: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6855: 6836: 6830: 6824: 6818: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6794: 6785: 6784: 6782: 6780: 6761: 6755: 6749: 6743: 6737: 6728: 6722: 6716: 6710: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6684: 6678: 6672: 6663: 6657: 6651: 6645: 6634: 6628: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6617: 6608:. 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Knopf 7378: 7377: 7373: 7327: 7313:Karpov, Serghei 7232: 7231: 7224: 7222: 7221:on 4 March 2016 7218: 7211: 7189: 7188: 7181: 7179: 7175: 7168: 7152: 7150: 7118: 7117: 7093: 7092: 7068: 7067: 7038: 7033: 7018: 7016:Primary sources 7013: 7008: 7007: 6999: 6995: 6987: 6983: 6975: 6971: 6963: 6959: 6951: 6947: 6939: 6935: 6927: 6923: 6915: 6911: 6903: 6899: 6891: 6887: 6879: 6875: 6867: 6863: 6853: 6851: 6838: 6837: 6833: 6825: 6821: 6811: 6809: 6796: 6795: 6788: 6778: 6776: 6763: 6762: 6758: 6750: 6746: 6738: 6731: 6723: 6719: 6711: 6707: 6697: 6695: 6686: 6685: 6681: 6673: 6666: 6658: 6654: 6646: 6637: 6629: 6625: 6615: 6613: 6598: 6594: 6586: 6582: 6574: 6570: 6562: 6558: 6550: 6546: 6538: 6534: 6526: 6522: 6514: 6510: 6502: 6498: 6490: 6486: 6478: 6474: 6466: 6462: 6452: 6450: 6441: 6440: 6436: 6428: 6419: 6411: 6407: 6397: 6383: 6379: 6375:, pp. 2–3. 6371: 6367: 6357: 6355: 6346: 6345: 6341: 6333: 6324: 6314: 6312: 6303: 6302: 6298: 6288: 6286: 6273: 6272: 6268: 6258: 6256: 6243: 6242: 6238: 6228: 6226: 6213: 6212: 6205: 6195: 6193: 6180: 6179: 6175: 6165: 6163: 6150: 6149: 6145: 6137: 6133: 6123: 6121: 6108: 6107: 6103: 6095: 6091: 6081: 6079: 6066: 6065: 6061: 6053: 6049: 6041: 6037: 6029: 6025: 6021:, pp. 8–9. 6017: 6013: 6005: 6001: 5993: 5989: 5981: 5977: 5969: 5965: 5957: 5953: 5945: 5941: 5933: 5926: 5918: 5914: 5906: 5899: 5891: 5887: 5879: 5875: 5871:, pp. 3–4. 5867: 5863: 5855: 5851: 5843: 5839: 5831: 5827: 5819: 5815: 5807: 5803: 5793: 5791: 5787: 5780: 5774: 5770: 5762: 5758: 5750: 5746: 5738: 5734: 5726: 5722: 5714: 5710: 5702: 5698: 5690: 5686: 5678: 5674: 5666: 5662: 5654: 5650: 5642: 5635: 5627: 5623: 5615: 5611: 5603: 5599: 5591: 5587: 5579: 5575: 5567: 5563: 5555: 5551: 5543: 5539: 5531: 5527: 5520: 5503: 5499: 5491: 5487: 5479: 5475: 5465: 5463: 5456: 5437: 5433: 5423: 5421: 5414: 5400: 5399: 5395: 5385: 5383: 5370:De Vries, Jan. 5368: 5364: 5351: 5347: 5340: 5326: 5322: 5314: 5305: 5295: 5293: 5269: 5265: 5258: 5244: 5240: 5233: 5219: 5215: 5205: 5203: 5196: 5180: 5176: 5168: 5164: 5156: 5152: 5144: 5140: 5132: 5128: 5120: 5116: 5108: 5099: 5091: 5087: 5079: 5075: 5067: 5063: 5055: 5051: 5043: 5039: 5031: 5027: 5019: 5015: 5007: 5003: 4995: 4986: 4978: 4974: 4966: 4962: 4954: 4950: 4942: 4938: 4930: 4926: 4918: 4914: 4906: 4902: 4894: 4890: 4882: 4878: 4870: 4866: 4858: 4854: 4846: 4842: 4834: 4830: 4822: 4818: 4810: 4806: 4798: 4794: 4786: 4782: 4774: 4770: 4762: 4758: 4750: 4743: 4735: 4731: 4723: 4719: 4711: 4707: 4699: 4695: 4687: 4683: 4675: 4671: 4663: 4659: 4651: 4647: 4637: 4635: 4624: 4620: 4610: 4608: 4595: 4594: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4579: 4557: 4553: 4521: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4403: 4387: 4319: 4279: 4217: 4165:Renaissance art 4157: 4152: 4140:Zecca of Venice 4109: 4103: 4018:in the Eastern 3988: 3969: 3930: 3925: 3919: 3873:was permitted. 3848: 3846:Other religions 3796:Pope Nicholas V 3773: 3768: 3760:Lustful Sonnets 3715: 3702:Venetian Ghetto 3641:Venetian Ghetto 3634: 3628: 3605:confraternities 3546:War of Chioggia 3523: 3454: 3448: 3435: 3408: 3402: 3339: 3333: 3328: 3190:Domini del Mare 3097: 3027: 2968: 2962: 2918:executive power 2898: 2755: 2754: 2753: 2752: 2751: 2741: 2733: 2732: 2722: 2711: 2699:Main articles: 2697: 2692: 2590: 2558: 2549:Provinz Venedig 2507:Peace of Leoben 2448: 2442: 2343:Leon Trionfante 2331: 2325: 2294:duchy of Mantua 2228:excommunication 2173:siege of Candia 2165: 2155: 2074:king of Hungary 2019:Antonio Grimani 1970: 1956:, previously a 1943:besieged Rhodes 1868:Battle of Motta 1736:fought at Modon 1724:Gentile Bellini 1716: 1708:Main articles: 1706: 1698:Treaty of Turin 1690:War of Chioggia 1674:Treaty of Zadar 1491: 1483:Main articles: 1481: 1475: 1398:Robert Guiscard 1329: 1323: 1243:Pactum Lotharii 1157:Lombard kingdom 1095:Maritime Venice 1083:Venetian Lagoon 1067: 1065:Maritime Venice 1061: 1056: 1048:Main articles: 1046: 960:Pactum Lotharii 930:Pactum Lotharii 923:Dux Veneticorum 904: 827:Treaty of Turin 823:War of Chioggia 803:Duchy of Venice 791:Maritime Venice 787:Venetian Lagoon 736:Northeast Italy 706:sovereign state 686: 631: 606: 577: 559: 542: 529: 516: 514:Battle of Motta 503: 490: 477: 460: 452:Pactum Lotharii 440: 426: 399: 387: 360: 348: 278: 222: 194: 165: 149: 142: 124: 123: 122: 121:(16–18th cent.) 120: 115: 107: 106: 101: 94: 87: 69: 68: 59: 44: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12925: 12915: 12914: 12909: 12904: 12899: 12894: 12892:Italian states 12889: 12884: 12879: 12874: 12869: 12864: 12859: 12854: 12849: 12844: 12839: 12834: 12820: 12819: 12805: 12802:History portal 12787: 12786: 12784: 12783: 12773: 12761: 12758: 12757: 12754: 12753: 12751: 12750: 12745: 12740: 12735: 12730: 12725: 12720: 12715: 12710: 12705: 12700: 12695: 12690: 12685: 12680: 12675: 12670: 12665: 12660: 12655: 12650: 12645: 12640: 12635: 12630: 12625: 12620: 12615: 12610: 12605: 12600: 12595: 12590: 12585: 12580: 12575: 12570: 12564: 12562: 12556: 12555: 12553: 12552: 12547: 12542: 12537: 12532: 12527: 12522: 12517: 12512: 12507: 12502: 12497: 12496: 12495: 12494: 12493: 12478: 12477: 12476: 12466: 12461: 12456: 12451: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12431: 12426: 12421: 12416: 12411: 12405: 12399: 12393: 12392: 12389: 12388: 12386: 12385: 12380: 12375: 12374: 12373: 12368: 12363: 12353: 12348: 12343: 12338: 12333: 12331:Stock exchange 12328: 12323: 12318: 12313: 12308: 12303: 12298: 12297: 12296: 12291: 12281: 12276: 12271: 12266: 12260: 12254: 12248: 12247: 12244: 12243: 12241: 12240: 12235: 12233:Municipalities 12230: 12225: 12220: 12215: 12210: 12205: 12200: 12193:Prime Minister 12190: 12180: 12175: 12170: 12165: 12160: 12155: 12150: 12145: 12144: 12143: 12133: 12128: 12123: 12118: 12112: 12106: 12100: 12099: 12096: 12095: 12093: 12092: 12087: 12082: 12080:Regional parks 12077: 12075:National parks 12072: 12067: 12062: 12057: 12052: 12047: 12042: 12037: 12036: 12035: 12025: 12024: 12023: 12018: 12013: 12003: 11998: 11993: 11988: 11987: 11986: 11984:Climate change 11976: 11971: 11965: 11959: 11953: 11952: 11949: 11948: 11946: 11945: 11944: 11943: 11938: 11933: 11928: 11923: 11918: 11913: 11902: 11900: 11896: 11895: 11893: 11892: 11891: 11890: 11885: 11876: 11871: 11866: 11861: 11860: 11859: 11849: 11844: 11834: 11833: 11832: 11827: 11822: 11817: 11812: 11807: 11802: 11791: 11789: 11785: 11784: 11782: 11781: 11776: 11771: 11766: 11761: 11760: 11759: 11749: 11747:Duchy of Savoy 11744: 11739: 11734: 11733: 11732: 11731: 11730: 11725: 11720: 11715: 11705: 11700: 11695: 11684: 11682: 11678: 11677: 11675: 11674: 11669: 11668: 11667: 11657: 11655:Lombard League 11652: 11651: 11650: 11645: 11640: 11635: 11630: 11625: 11620: 11615: 11610: 11605: 11593: 11591: 11587: 11586: 11584: 11583: 11582: 11581: 11580: 11579: 11577:Western Empire 11569: 11564: 11562:Roman conquest 11559: 11554: 11544: 11543: 11542: 11537: 11532: 11527: 11522: 11517: 11516: 11515: 11510: 11505: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11483:Italic peoples 11474: 11472: 11468: 11467: 11465: 11464: 11463: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11447: 11442: 11437: 11432: 11427: 11422: 11411: 11409: 11405: 11404: 11402: 11401: 11396: 11391: 11386: 11381: 11376: 11371: 11366: 11361: 11356: 11351: 11346: 11341: 11336: 11330: 11328: 11324: 11323: 11321: 11320: 11314: 11312: 11305: 11299: 11298: 11287: 11286: 11279: 11272: 11264: 11255: 11254: 11252: 11251: 11250: 11249: 11239: 11233: 11230: 11229: 11227: 11226: 11221: 11220: 11219: 11209: 11204: 11199: 11194: 11189: 11183: 11182: 11181: 11179:Livonian Order 11176: 11174:Teutonic Order 11164: 11162: 11151: 11150: 11148: 11147: 11142: 11141: 11140: 11130: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11107: 11102: 11097: 11092: 11087: 11082: 11081: 11080: 11069: 11067: 11061: 11060: 11053: 11051: 11049: 11048: 11043: 11038: 11033: 11032: 11031: 11021: 11016: 11015: 11014: 11003: 11001: 10995: 10994: 10989: 10986: 10985: 10978: 10977: 10970: 10963: 10955: 10946: 10945: 10943: 10942: 10932: 10922: 10911: 10908: 10907: 10905: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10882:Misconceptions 10879: 10874: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10843: 10841: 10837: 10836: 10834: 10833: 10828: 10823: 10818: 10813: 10808: 10803: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10708: 10702: 10700: 10696: 10695: 10693: 10692: 10690:Little Ice Age 10687: 10686: 10685: 10675: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10645: 10643:Western Schism 10640: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10599: 10597: 10591: 10590: 10588: 10587: 10582: 10577: 10572: 10567: 10562: 10557: 10552: 10547: 10542: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10502: 10497: 10491: 10489: 10483: 10482: 10480: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10444: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10424: 10419: 10414: 10409: 10408: 10407: 10397: 10392: 10390:Late antiquity 10387: 10382: 10377: 10371: 10369: 10363: 10362: 10355: 10354: 10347: 10340: 10332: 10323: 10322: 10320: 10319: 10314: 10309: 10304: 10299: 10298: 10297: 10292: 10287: 10280:Fourth Crusade 10276: 10274: 10270: 10269: 10267: 10266: 10260: 10254: 10248: 10242: 10239:Constantinople 10235: 10233: 10229: 10228: 10226: 10225: 10219: 10213: 10195: 10181: 10175: 10157: 10151: 10145: 10138: 10136: 10134:Aegean Islands 10130: 10129: 10127: 10126: 10120: 10114: 10108: 10102: 10096: 10090: 10084: 10078: 10072: 10066: 10060: 10049: 10047: 10043: 10042: 10040: 10039: 10033: 10027: 10021: 10015: 10009: 10003: 9997: 9987: 9976: 9974: 9970:Ionian Islands 9966: 9965: 9958: 9956: 9954: 9953: 9947: 9937: 9931: 9924: 9922: 9916: 9915: 9904: 9903: 9896: 9889: 9881: 9872: 9871: 9869: 9868: 9856: 9850: 9847: 9846: 9844: 9843: 9830: 9818: 9806: 9804:Duchy of Gaeta 9793: 9790: 9789: 9782: 9780: 9778: 9777: 9764: 9751: 9738: 9725: 9722: 9721: 9714: 9713: 9706: 9699: 9691: 9682: 9681: 9678: 9677: 9675: 9674: 9668: 9662: 9656: 9655: 9654: 9651:Italian Empire 9641: 9639: 9629: 9628: 9622: 9616: 9610: 9604: 9598: 9595:Roman Republic 9592: 9586: 9580: 9574: 9568: 9562: 9556: 9550: 9547:Duchy of Lucca 9544: 9541:Duchy of Genoa 9537: 9535: 9529: 9528: 9525: 9524: 9522: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9465: 9463: 9459: 9458: 9456: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9404: 9402: 9395: 9381: 9380: 9377: 9376: 9374: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9321: 9319: 9305: 9304: 9302: 9301: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9284: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9252: 9250: 9242: 9241: 9238: 9237: 9235: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9213: 9211: 9205: 9204: 9202: 9201: 9196: 9191: 9185: 9183: 9179: 9178: 9176: 9175: 9170: 9164: 9162: 9156: 9155: 9153: 9152: 9147: 9138: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9118: 9116:Duchy of Gaeta 9113: 9107: 9105: 9098: 9094:Southern Italy 9090: 9089: 9087: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9071: 9066: 9061: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9040: 9038: 9037:(c. 1000–1797) 9032: 9031: 9029: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9012: 9010: 9002: 9001: 8999: 8998: 8997: 8996: 8991: 8989:County of Nice 8986: 8984:Duchy of Aosta 8981: 8976: 8971: 8964:Savoyard state 8961: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8941: 8936: 8931: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8899:Duchy of Milan 8896: 8894:Duchy of Ivrea 8891: 8890: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8768: 8766: 8754: 8753: 8751: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8714: 8712: 8704: 8703: 8701: 8700: 8694: 8693: 8692: 8686: 8680: 8667: 8665: 8658: 8657: 8655: 8654: 8653: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8635:Duchy of Ivrea 8632: 8627: 8616: 8610: 8604: 8601:Odoacer's rule 8597: 8595: 8586: 8576: 8575: 8573: 8572: 8566: 8565:(27 BC–395 AD) 8560: 8559:(509 BC–27 BC) 8557:Roman Republic 8554: 8547: 8545: 8539: 8538: 8536: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8499: 8498: 8496:Cisalpine Gaul 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8472: 8471: 8460: 8458: 8454: 8453: 8446: 8445: 8438: 8431: 8423: 8414: 8413: 8411: 8410: 8403: 8395: 8392: 8391: 8388: 8387: 8385: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8368: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8332: 8327: 8321: 8315: 8311: 8310: 8307: 8306: 8304: 8303: 8302: 8301: 8291: 8290: 8289: 8284: 8282:Via Argentaria 8276: 8274:Venetian glass 8271: 8270: 8269: 8267:Banco del Giro 8262:Bank of Venice 8259: 8258: 8257: 8252: 8242: 8236: 8230: 8226: 8225: 8222: 8221: 8219: 8218: 8217: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8186: 8181: 8180: 8179: 8168: 8166: 8162: 8161: 8159: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8094: 8093: 8084: 8083: 8078: 8069: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8052: 8051: 8044:Council of Ten 8041: 8036: 8035: 8034: 8029: 8019: 8014: 8013: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7971: 7970: 7969: 7962: 7948: 7946: 7939: 7935: 7934: 7931: 7930: 7928: 7927: 7926: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7908:Ionian Islands 7905: 7900: 7895: 7885: 7880: 7879: 7878: 7867: 7861: 7857: 7856: 7849: 7847: 7845: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7833: 7832: 7827: 7825:War of Ferrara 7822: 7817: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7797:Fourth Crusade 7794: 7789: 7782: 7781: 7780: 7769: 7767: 7763: 7762: 7752: 7751: 7744: 7737: 7729: 7723: 7722: 7712: 7699: 7698:External links 7696: 7694: 7693: 7687: 7671: 7665: 7646: 7639: 7634:Tomaz, Luigi. 7632: 7625: 7611: 7604: 7579: 7572: 7558: 7544: 7530: 7516: 7502: 7488: 7468: 7453: 7446: 7430: 7425:Lessico veneto 7419: 7412: 7398: 7391: 7371: 7356: 7349: 7331: 7325: 7309: 7294: 7287: 7278: 7267: 7256: 7245: 7202: 7159: 7145:(in Italian). 7138: 7131: 7106: 7081: 7056: 7049: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7031: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7006: 7005: 6993: 6981: 6969: 6957: 6953:Mutinelli 1851 6945: 6943:, p. 322. 6941:Mutinelli 1851 6933: 6929:Mutinelli 1851 6921: 6909: 6907:, p. 551. 6897: 6885: 6883:, p. 548. 6873: 6869:Mutinelli 1851 6861: 6831: 6829:, p. 164. 6819: 6786: 6756: 6744: 6729: 6717: 6715:, p. 122. 6705: 6679: 6677:, p. 121. 6664: 6662:, p. 282. 6652: 6635: 6623: 6592: 6580: 6568: 6564:Cecchetti 1874 6556: 6554:, pp. 68. 6544: 6540:Cecchetti 1874 6532: 6528:Cecchetti 1874 6520: 6516:Cecchetti 1874 6508: 6504:Cecchetti 1874 6496: 6492:Cecchetti 1874 6484: 6482:, p. 279. 6480:Cecchetti 1874 6472: 6468:Cecchetti 1874 6460: 6434: 6432:, p. 301. 6417: 6413:Cecchetti 1874 6405: 6395: 6377: 6365: 6339: 6335:Ciriacono 1996 6322: 6296: 6266: 6236: 6203: 6173: 6143: 6131: 6101: 6089: 6059: 6055:Mutinelli 1851 6047: 6043:Mutinelli 1851 6035: 6031:Mutinelli 1851 6023: 6019:Mutinelli 1851 6011: 6007:Mutinelli 1851 5999: 5997:, p. 344. 5987: 5975: 5963: 5951: 5939: 5924: 5912: 5897: 5895:, p. 127. 5893:Mutinelli 1851 5885: 5881:Mutinelli 1851 5873: 5861: 5857:Mutinelli 1851 5849: 5845:Mutinelli 1851 5837: 5833:Mutinelli 1851 5825: 5823:, p. 343. 5821:Mutinelli 1851 5813: 5811:, p. 300. 5809:Mutinelli 1851 5801: 5768: 5756: 5744: 5732: 5720: 5708: 5696: 5684: 5672: 5660: 5648: 5646:, p. 213. 5633: 5631:, p. 117. 5621: 5609: 5597: 5585: 5573: 5571:, p. 102. 5561: 5549: 5537: 5525: 5518: 5497: 5495:, p. 615. 5485: 5483:, p. 591. 5473: 5454: 5431: 5413:978-0813229362 5412: 5393: 5362: 5345: 5338: 5320: 5318:, p. 494. 5303: 5263: 5256: 5238: 5231: 5213: 5195:978-1472410580 5194: 5174: 5172:, p. 269. 5162: 5150: 5138: 5136:, p. 153. 5126: 5114: 5097: 5085: 5073: 5071:, p. 120. 5061: 5049: 5037: 5025: 5013: 5001: 4984: 4972: 4960: 4948: 4936: 4924: 4912: 4900: 4888: 4876: 4864: 4852: 4840: 4838:, p. 544. 4828: 4826:, p. 492. 4816: 4814:, p. 430. 4804: 4802:, p. 408. 4792: 4790:, p. 605. 4780: 4768: 4756: 4754:, p. 408. 4741: 4739:, p. 354. 4729: 4717: 4705: 4703:, p. 376. 4693: 4691:, p. 381. 4681: 4679:, p. 368. 4669: 4667:, p. 356. 4657: 4655:, p. 348. 4645: 4618: 4587: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4578: 4577: 4551: 4514: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4505: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4412: 4407: 4394: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4375:Shrove Tuesday 4344:Marino Faliero 4318: 4315: 4278: 4275: 4216: 4213: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4119:(later called 4113:Enrico Dandolo 4105:Main article: 4102: 4099: 4040:Constantinople 3987: 3984: 3972:Venetian glass 3968: 3965: 3929: 3926: 3921:Main article: 3918: 3915: 3847: 3844: 3828:Giordano Bruno 3790:which had the 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3731:Aldus Manutius 3724:Nicolas Jenson 3714: 3711: 3630:Main article: 3627: 3624: 3623: 3622: 3621: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3589: 3586: 3532: 3522: 3519: 3450:Main article: 3447: 3444: 3434: 3431: 3404:Main article: 3401: 3398: 3351:Atlante Veneto 3335:Main article: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3323: 3322: 3270: 3263: 3252:Aegean Islands 3224:Ionian Islands 3186: 3179: 3131: 3096: 3093: 3092: 3091: 3087:Marino Faliero 3082: 3080:Council of Ten 3077: 3066: 3061: 3052: 3047: 3033: 3026: 3023: 2964:Main article: 2961: 2958: 2950: 2949: 2942: 2939: 2897: 2894: 2893: 2892: 2889:Ludovico Manin 2886: 2868: 2858: 2852: 2845:Marino Faliero 2842: 2835:Enrico Dandolo 2832: 2827:and conquered 2818: 2805:Council of Ten 2747:as painted by 2742: 2735: 2734: 2728:as painted by 2723: 2716: 2715: 2714: 2713: 2712: 2701:Doge of Venice 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2672:city lordships 2589: 2586: 2557: 2554: 2522:Ludovico Manin 2483:Duchy of Savoy 2464:Ludovico Manin 2444:Main article: 2441: 2438: 2373:Ionian islands 2327:Main article: 2324: 2321: 2243:Habsburg Spain 2154: 2151: 2054:Pope Julius II 1969: 1966: 1958:crusader state 1886:and subjected 1756:Pietro Loredan 1740:Ottoman Empire 1705: 1702: 1666:Marino Faliero 1650:siege of Zadar 1610:Council of Ten 1568:Battle of Acre 1515:Fourth Crusade 1511:Enrico Dandolo 1477:Main article: 1474: 1471: 1441:municipalities 1394:Constantinople 1325:Main article: 1322: 1319: 1063:Main article: 1060: 1057: 1045: 1042: 1034:La Serenissima 903: 900: 890:Council of Ten 854:Ottoman Empire 774:, most of the 702:La Serenìssima 688: 687: 656:Doge of Venice 647: 644: 643: 640: 639: 636: 635: 628: 619: 616: 615: 610: 598: 597: 592: 582: 581: 575:Venetian ducat 572: 568: 567: 564: 563: 560: 550: 547: 546: 543: 537: 534: 533: 530: 524: 521: 520: 517: 511: 508: 507: 504: 498: 495: 494: 491: 485: 482: 481: 478: 468: 465: 464: 461: 448: 445: 444: 441: 435: 432: 431: 428: 427: 425: 424: 419: 413: 411: 410:Historical era 407: 406: 403:Council of Ten 400: 397: 394: 393: 388: 385: 382: 381: 375: 371: 370: 367: 366: 364:Ludovico Manin 361: 358: 355: 354: 349: 346: 343: 342: 339: 338: 335: 329: 328: 307: 303: 302: 297: 291: 290: 284: 280: 279: 277: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 230: 228: 224: 223: 221: 220: 219: 218: 213: 208: 202: 200: 196: 195: 193: 192: 186: 180: 173: 171: 167: 166: 159: 151: 150: 143: 136: 135: 133:Viva San Marco 126: 125: 116: 109: 108: 95: 88: 81: 80: 79: 76: 75: 71: 70: 67: 66: 51: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12924: 12913: 12910: 12908: 12905: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12880: 12878: 12875: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12858: 12855: 12853: 12850: 12848: 12845: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12830: 12829: 12827: 12817: 12811: 12806: 12803: 12792: 12782: 12774: 12772: 12763: 12762: 12759: 12749: 12746: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12734: 12731: 12729: 12726: 12724: 12721: 12719: 12716: 12714: 12711: 12709: 12706: 12704: 12701: 12699: 12696: 12694: 12691: 12689: 12686: 12684: 12681: 12679: 12676: 12674: 12671: 12669: 12666: 12664: 12661: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12636: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12624: 12621: 12619: 12616: 12614: 12611: 12609: 12606: 12604: 12601: 12599: 12596: 12594: 12591: 12589: 12586: 12584: 12581: 12579: 12576: 12574: 12571: 12569: 12566: 12565: 12563: 12561: 12557: 12551: 12548: 12546: 12543: 12541: 12538: 12536: 12533: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12523: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12492: 12489: 12488: 12487: 12484: 12483: 12482: 12479: 12475: 12472: 12471: 12470: 12467: 12465: 12462: 12460: 12457: 12455: 12452: 12450: 12447: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12435: 12432: 12430: 12427: 12425: 12422: 12420: 12417: 12415: 12412: 12410: 12407: 12406: 12403: 12400: 12398: 12394: 12384: 12381: 12379: 12376: 12372: 12369: 12367: 12364: 12362: 12359: 12358: 12357: 12354: 12352: 12349: 12347: 12344: 12342: 12339: 12337: 12334: 12332: 12329: 12327: 12324: 12322: 12319: 12317: 12314: 12312: 12309: 12307: 12304: 12302: 12299: 12295: 12292: 12290: 12287: 12286: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12270: 12267: 12265: 12262: 12261: 12258: 12255: 12253: 12249: 12239: 12236: 12234: 12231: 12229: 12226: 12224: 12221: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12209: 12206: 12204: 12201: 12198: 12194: 12191: 12188: 12184: 12181: 12179: 12176: 12174: 12171: 12169: 12166: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12156: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12146: 12142: 12139: 12138: 12137: 12134: 12132: 12129: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12117: 12114: 12113: 12110: 12107: 12105: 12101: 12091: 12088: 12086: 12083: 12081: 12078: 12076: 12073: 12071: 12068: 12066: 12063: 12061: 12058: 12056: 12053: 12051: 12048: 12046: 12043: 12041: 12038: 12034: 12031: 12030: 12029: 12026: 12022: 12019: 12017: 12014: 12012: 12009: 12008: 12007: 12004: 12002: 11999: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11989: 11985: 11982: 11981: 11980: 11977: 11975: 11972: 11970: 11967: 11966: 11963: 11960: 11958: 11954: 11942: 11939: 11937: 11934: 11932: 11929: 11927: 11926:Years of Lead 11924: 11922: 11921:Economic Boom 11919: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11909: 11908: 11907: 11904: 11903: 11901: 11897: 11889: 11886: 11884: 11880: 11877: 11875: 11872: 11870: 11867: 11865: 11864:Fascist Italy 11862: 11858: 11855: 11854: 11853: 11850: 11848: 11845: 11843: 11840: 11839: 11838: 11835: 11831: 11828: 11826: 11823: 11821: 11818: 11816: 11813: 11811: 11810:Niçard exodus 11808: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11797: 11796: 11793: 11792: 11790: 11786: 11780: 11777: 11775: 11772: 11770: 11767: 11765: 11762: 11758: 11755: 11754: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11745: 11743: 11740: 11738: 11735: 11729: 11726: 11724: 11721: 11719: 11716: 11714: 11711: 11710: 11709: 11706: 11704: 11701: 11699: 11696: 11694: 11691: 11690: 11689: 11686: 11685: 11683: 11679: 11673: 11670: 11666: 11663: 11662: 11661: 11658: 11656: 11653: 11649: 11646: 11644: 11641: 11639: 11636: 11634: 11631: 11629: 11626: 11624: 11621: 11619: 11616: 11614: 11611: 11609: 11606: 11604: 11600: 11599: 11598: 11595: 11594: 11592: 11588: 11578: 11575: 11574: 11573: 11570: 11568: 11565: 11563: 11560: 11558: 11555: 11553: 11550: 11549: 11548: 11545: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11530:Magna Graecia 11528: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11514: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11485: 11484: 11481: 11480: 11479: 11476: 11475: 11473: 11469: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11431: 11428: 11426: 11423: 11421: 11418: 11417: 11416: 11413: 11412: 11410: 11406: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11390: 11387: 11385: 11382: 11380: 11377: 11375: 11372: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11362: 11360: 11357: 11355: 11352: 11350: 11347: 11345: 11342: 11340: 11337: 11335: 11332: 11331: 11329: 11325: 11319: 11316: 11315: 11313: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11300: 11296: 11292: 11285: 11280: 11278: 11273: 11271: 11266: 11265: 11262: 11248: 11245: 11244: 11243: 11240: 11238: 11235: 11234: 11231: 11225: 11222: 11218: 11215: 11214: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11187: 11184: 11180: 11177: 11175: 11172: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11165: 11163: 11161: 11156: 11152: 11146: 11143: 11139: 11136: 11135: 11134: 11131: 11129: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11096: 11093: 11091: 11088: 11086: 11083: 11079: 11076: 11075: 11074: 11071: 11070: 11068: 11066: 11062: 11057: 11047: 11044: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11030: 11027: 11026: 11025: 11022: 11020: 11017: 11013: 11010: 11009: 11008: 11005: 11004: 11002: 11000: 10996: 10992: 10987: 10983: 10976: 10971: 10969: 10964: 10962: 10957: 10956: 10953: 10941: 10933: 10931: 10923: 10921: 10917: 10913: 10912: 10909: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10844: 10842: 10838: 10832: 10829: 10827: 10824: 10822: 10819: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10703: 10701: 10697: 10691: 10688: 10684: 10681: 10680: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10600: 10598: 10596: 10592: 10586: 10583: 10581: 10578: 10576: 10573: 10571: 10568: 10566: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10551: 10550:Scholasticism 10548: 10546: 10543: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10503: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10492: 10490: 10488: 10484: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10412:Rise of Islam 10410: 10406: 10403: 10402: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10372: 10370: 10368: 10364: 10360: 10353: 10348: 10346: 10341: 10339: 10334: 10333: 10330: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10312:Venetian navy 10310: 10308: 10305: 10303: 10300: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10282: 10281: 10278: 10277: 10275: 10271: 10264: 10261: 10258: 10255: 10252: 10249: 10246: 10243: 10240: 10237: 10236: 10234: 10230: 10223: 10220: 10217: 10214: 10211: 10207: 10203: 10199: 10196: 10193: 10189: 10185: 10182: 10179: 10176: 10173: 10169: 10165: 10161: 10158: 10155: 10152: 10149: 10146: 10143: 10140: 10139: 10137: 10135: 10131: 10124: 10121: 10118: 10115: 10112: 10109: 10106: 10103: 10100: 10097: 10094: 10091: 10088: 10085: 10082: 10079: 10076: 10073: 10070: 10067: 10064: 10061: 10058: 10054: 10051: 10050: 10048: 10044: 10037: 10034: 10031: 10028: 10025: 10022: 10019: 10016: 10013: 10010: 10007: 10004: 10001: 9998: 9995: 9991: 9988: 9985: 9981: 9978: 9977: 9975: 9971: 9967: 9962: 9951: 9948: 9945: 9941: 9938: 9935: 9932: 9929: 9926: 9925: 9923: 9921: 9917: 9913: 9909: 9902: 9897: 9895: 9890: 9888: 9883: 9882: 9879: 9865: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9851: 9848: 9842: 9831: 9829: 9819: 9817: 9807: 9805: 9795: 9794: 9791: 9786: 9776: 9765: 9763: 9752: 9750: 9739: 9737: 9727: 9726: 9723: 9719: 9712: 9707: 9705: 9700: 9698: 9693: 9692: 9689: 9672: 9669: 9666: 9663: 9660: 9657: 9652: 9649: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9642: 9640: 9638: 9633: 9626: 9623: 9620: 9617: 9614: 9611: 9608: 9605: 9602: 9599: 9596: 9593: 9590: 9587: 9584: 9581: 9578: 9575: 9572: 9569: 9566: 9563: 9560: 9557: 9554: 9551: 9548: 9545: 9542: 9539: 9538: 9536: 9530: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9466: 9464: 9460: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9405: 9403: 9399: 9396: 9391: 9386: 9382: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9335:Duchy of Sora 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9322: 9320: 9316: 9310: 9306: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9258: 9257: 9254: 9253: 9251: 9247: 9243: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9214: 9212: 9210: 9206: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9186: 9184: 9180: 9174: 9173:Muslim Sicily 9171: 9169: 9166: 9165: 9163: 9161: 9157: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9108: 9106: 9102: 9099: 9095: 9091: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9041: 9039: 9033: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9013: 9011: 9007: 9003: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8966: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8814: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8769: 8767: 8759: 8755: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8741: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8715: 8713: 8709: 8705: 8698: 8695: 8690: 8687: 8684: 8681: 8678: 8677:Duchy of Rome 8675: 8674: 8672: 8669: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8659: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8614: 8611: 8608: 8605: 8602: 8599: 8598: 8596: 8590: 8587: 8577: 8570: 8567: 8564: 8561: 8558: 8555: 8552: 8551:Roman Kingdom 8549: 8548: 8546: 8544: 8540: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8523:Magna Graecia 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8497: 8494: 8493: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8470: 8467: 8466: 8465: 8462: 8461: 8459: 8455: 8451: 8444: 8439: 8437: 8432: 8430: 8425: 8424: 8421: 8409: 8404: 8402: 8397: 8396: 8393: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8337: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8322: 8319: 8316: 8312: 8300: 8297: 8296: 8295: 8292: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8279: 8278:Trade routes 8277: 8275: 8272: 8268: 8265: 8264: 8263: 8260: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8247: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8237: 8234: 8231: 8227: 8215: 8214:Sailing ships 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8191: 8190: 8189:Venetian navy 8187: 8185: 8184:Venetian army 8182: 8178: 8175: 8174: 8173: 8170: 8169: 8167: 8163: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8096: 8095: 8092: 8086: 8085: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8071: 8070: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8050: 8047: 8046: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8024: 8023: 8022:Great Council 8020: 8018: 8015: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7997: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7985:Minor Council 7983: 7981: 7978: 7975: 7972: 7968: 7967: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7957: 7956: 7950: 7949: 7947: 7943: 7940: 7936: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7890: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7877: 7874: 7873: 7872: 7869: 7868: 7865: 7862: 7858: 7853: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7812: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7787: 7786:Pax Nicephori 7783: 7779: 7776: 7775: 7774: 7771: 7770: 7768: 7764: 7759: 7750: 7745: 7743: 7738: 7736: 7731: 7730: 7727: 7720: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7710: 7705: 7702: 7701: 7690: 7684: 7680: 7676: 7675:Zorzi, Alvise 7672: 7668: 7662: 7658: 7657: 7653: 7647: 7644: 7640: 7637: 7633: 7630: 7626: 7623: 7622: 7618: 7612: 7609: 7605: 7601: 7595: 7587: 7586: 7580: 7577: 7573: 7569: 7568: 7563: 7559: 7555: 7554: 7549: 7545: 7541: 7540: 7535: 7531: 7527: 7526: 7521: 7517: 7513: 7512: 7507: 7503: 7499: 7498: 7493: 7489: 7485: 7479: 7471: 7465: 7461: 7460: 7454: 7451: 7447: 7443: 7439: 7435: 7431: 7427: 7426: 7420: 7417: 7413: 7411: 7407: 7403: 7399: 7396: 7392: 7388: 7382: 7374: 7372:9788811133872 7368: 7364: 7363: 7357: 7354: 7350: 7347: 7346:0-8018-1445-6 7343: 7339: 7335: 7332: 7328: 7322: 7318: 7314: 7310: 7307: 7306:0-571-10429-0 7303: 7299: 7295: 7292: 7288: 7284: 7279: 7276: 7272: 7268: 7265: 7261: 7257: 7254: 7250: 7246: 7242: 7236: 7217: 7210: 7209: 7203: 7199: 7193: 7174: 7167: 7166: 7160: 7148: 7144: 7139: 7136: 7132: 7128: 7122: 7114: 7113: 7107: 7103: 7097: 7089: 7088: 7082: 7078: 7072: 7064: 7063: 7057: 7054: 7050: 7046: 7041: 7040: 7029: 7025: 7021: 7020: 7002: 6997: 6990: 6985: 6978: 6973: 6966: 6961: 6954: 6949: 6942: 6937: 6931:, p. 71. 6930: 6925: 6918: 6913: 6906: 6901: 6894: 6889: 6882: 6877: 6870: 6865: 6849: 6845: 6841: 6835: 6828: 6823: 6807: 6803: 6799: 6793: 6791: 6774: 6770: 6766: 6760: 6753: 6748: 6741: 6736: 6734: 6727:, p. 66. 6726: 6721: 6714: 6709: 6693: 6689: 6683: 6676: 6671: 6669: 6661: 6656: 6649: 6644: 6642: 6640: 6632: 6627: 6611: 6607: 6603: 6596: 6589: 6584: 6578:, p. 60. 6577: 6572: 6565: 6560: 6553: 6548: 6541: 6536: 6529: 6524: 6517: 6512: 6505: 6500: 6494:, p. 34. 6493: 6488: 6481: 6476: 6469: 6464: 6448: 6444: 6438: 6431: 6426: 6424: 6422: 6414: 6409: 6402: 6398: 6396:9780674037830 6392: 6388: 6381: 6374: 6369: 6353: 6349: 6343: 6336: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6310: 6306: 6300: 6284: 6280: 6276: 6270: 6254: 6250: 6246: 6240: 6224: 6220: 6216: 6210: 6208: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6177: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6147: 6140: 6135: 6119: 6115: 6111: 6105: 6098: 6093: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6063: 6056: 6051: 6044: 6039: 6032: 6027: 6020: 6015: 6008: 6003: 5996: 5991: 5984: 5979: 5972: 5967: 5960: 5955: 5948: 5943: 5936: 5935:Da Mosto 1940 5931: 5929: 5921: 5920:Da Mosto 1940 5916: 5909: 5908:Da Mosto 1940 5904: 5902: 5894: 5889: 5882: 5877: 5870: 5869:Da Mosto 1940 5865: 5859:, p. 78. 5858: 5853: 5847:, p. 87. 5846: 5841: 5835:, p. 89. 5834: 5829: 5822: 5817: 5810: 5805: 5786: 5779: 5772: 5765: 5764:Da Mosto 1937 5760: 5753: 5752:Da Mosto 1937 5748: 5741: 5736: 5729: 5728:Da Mosto 1937 5724: 5717: 5712: 5705: 5704:Da Mosto 1937 5700: 5693: 5688: 5681: 5680:Da Mosto 1937 5676: 5669: 5664: 5657: 5656:Da Mosto 1937 5652: 5645: 5644:Da Mosto 1937 5640: 5638: 5630: 5629:Da Mosto 1937 5625: 5619:, p. 21. 5618: 5617:Da Mosto 1937 5613: 5606: 5601: 5594: 5593:Da Mosto 1937 5589: 5582: 5577: 5570: 5569:Da Mosto 1937 5565: 5558: 5553: 5546: 5545:Da Mosto 1937 5541: 5534: 5529: 5521: 5519:9782847348743 5515: 5511: 5507: 5501: 5494: 5489: 5482: 5477: 5461: 5457: 5451: 5447: 5446: 5441: 5440:Zorzi, Alvise 5435: 5419: 5415: 5409: 5405: 5404: 5397: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5366: 5360: 5356: 5349: 5341: 5335: 5331: 5324: 5317: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5278: 5273: 5267: 5259: 5257:0-521-03247-4 5253: 5249: 5242: 5234: 5228: 5224: 5217: 5201: 5197: 5191: 5187: 5186: 5178: 5171: 5166: 5159: 5154: 5147: 5142: 5135: 5130: 5123: 5118: 5111: 5106: 5104: 5102: 5094: 5089: 5082: 5077: 5070: 5065: 5058: 5053: 5046: 5041: 5034: 5029: 5022: 5017: 5010: 5005: 4998: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4981: 4976: 4969: 4964: 4957: 4952: 4945: 4940: 4933: 4928: 4921: 4916: 4909: 4904: 4897: 4892: 4885: 4880: 4874:, p. 34. 4873: 4868: 4861: 4856: 4849: 4844: 4837: 4832: 4825: 4820: 4813: 4808: 4801: 4796: 4789: 4784: 4777: 4772: 4765: 4760: 4753: 4748: 4746: 4738: 4733: 4727:, p. 74. 4726: 4721: 4715:, p. 79. 4714: 4709: 4702: 4697: 4690: 4685: 4678: 4673: 4666: 4661: 4654: 4649: 4633: 4629: 4622: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4592: 4588: 4574: 4570: 4568: 4562: 4555: 4547: 4542: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4515: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4472:Venetian navy 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4389: 4382: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4363: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4352:Ascension Day 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4328: 4323: 4314: 4311: 4310:vesta a cendà 4307: 4302: 4298: 4292: 4288: 4283: 4274: 4272: 4268: 4267:Carlo Goldoni 4264: 4260: 4255: 4253: 4252:Apostolo Zeno 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4230: 4226: 4221: 4212: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4147: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4128: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4108: 4098: 4096: 4092: 4087: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4028: 4021: 4020:Mediterranean 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4000: 3992: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3976:state arsenal 3973: 3964: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3944: 3942: 3941: 3936: 3924: 3914: 3911: 3905: 3903: 3898: 3896: 3892: 3886: 3884: 3880: 3874: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3856: 3852: 3843: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3798:to erect the 3797: 3793: 3789: 3781: 3777: 3763: 3761: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3727: 3725: 3721: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3682: 3679: 3674: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3652: 3648: 3642: 3638: 3633: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3609: 3606: 3602: 3601: 3596: 3593: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3550:War of Candia 3547: 3543: 3539: 3538: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3527: 3526: 3518: 3516: 3511: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3500:Daniele Manin 3497: 3492: 3490: 3486: 3481: 3479: 3474: 3471:'s body from 3470: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3443: 3440: 3430: 3427: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3407: 3406:Venetian army 3397: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3373: 3367: 3365: 3364:War of Candia 3361: 3352: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3337:Venetian navy 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3279: 3278:Stato da Tera 3275: 3271: 3269: 3268: 3267:Stato da Tera 3264: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3204: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3185: 3184: 3180: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3136: 3132: 3130: 3129: 3125: 3124: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3113: 3109: 3101: 3088: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3058: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3044: 3038: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3028: 3022: 3020: 3016: 3015: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2993:Minor Council 2990: 2986: 2985: 2977: 2976:Great Council 2972: 2967: 2960:Great Council 2957: 2955: 2947: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2936: 2931: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2907: 2902: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2846: 2843: 2840: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2812: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2797:Great Council 2794: 2790: 2789:Minor Council 2786: 2781: 2779: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2767:head of state 2764: 2760: 2750: 2746: 2745:Andrea Gritti 2739: 2731: 2727: 2720: 2710: 2709:Minor Council 2706: 2702: 2687: 2685: 2684:Doge's Palace 2679: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2668: 2663: 2659: 2658:Great Council 2655: 2654:municipal age 2651: 2650: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2635: 2631: 2630: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2604: 2594: 2585: 2583: 2582: 2577: 2576: 2570: 2566: 2564: 2563:Enlightenment 2553: 2550: 2544: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2518: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2437: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2357: 2355: 2348: 2344: 2341:on board the 2340: 2337:The death of 2335: 2330: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2278: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2241:Rivalry with 2239: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2206: 2202: 2194: 2190: 2185: 2178: 2175:, during the 2174: 2169: 2164: 2160: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2131: 2128: 2127:Mustafa Pasha 2124: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2094: 2089: 2088:Andrea Gritti 2084: 2082: 2077: 2075: 2071: 2068:; Spain: the 2067: 2064:: Friuli and 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2038: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 1998: 1994: 1989: 1983: 1979: 1974: 1965: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1950: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1913: 1910:in 1428, and 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1835: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1729: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1711: 1701: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1642: 1640: 1636: 1635: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1613: 1611: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1596:Great Council 1593: 1588: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1549: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1495: 1490: 1486: 1480: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1463: 1458: 1457:Minor Council 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1437: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1349: 1344: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1283: 1281: 1277: 1276: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1254: 1249: 1245: 1244: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1199: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1153: 1151: 1150: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1120: 1115: 1111: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1055: 1051: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1030: 1024: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 998: 993: 990: 985: 981: 976: 971: 967: 961: 955: 949: 947: 943: 938: 932: 931: 924: 918: 913: 909: 899: 897: 895: 891: 887: 883: 882:Minor Council 879: 878:Great Council 873: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 834: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 783: 781: 780:Mediterranean 777: 776:Greek islands 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 728: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 684: 679: 678: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 650: 645: 629: 627: 624: 623: 620: 614: 611: 604: 603: 600: 599: 596: 593: 591: 588: 587: 583: 580: 579:Venetian lira 576: 573: 569: 565: 561: 558: 554: 548: 544: 541: 535: 531: 528: 522: 518: 515: 509: 505: 502: 496: 492: 489: 483: 479: 476: 472: 466: 462: 458: 454: 453: 446: 442: 439: 433: 429: 423: 420: 418: 415: 414: 412: 408: 404: 401: 395: 392: 389: 383: 379: 378:Great Council 376: 372: 368: 365: 362: 356: 353: 350: 344: 340: 336: 334: 330: 327: 324: 320: 317: 316:parliamentary 314: 311: 308: 304: 301: 298: 296: 292: 288: 285: 281: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 231: 229: 225: 217: 214: 212: 209: 206: 205: 204: 203: 201: 197: 190: 187: 184: 181: 178: 175: 174: 172: 168: 163: 157: 152: 147: 141: 137: 134: 131: 127: 119: 113: 105: 99: 92: 85: 77: 72: 63: 56: 52: 48: 41: 37: 36: 29: 26: 22: 12608:Architecture 12578:Quattrocento 12535:Social class 12515:Prostitution 12429:Demographics 12351:Trade unions 12294:Central Bank 12136:Human rights 12116:Constitution 11899:Contemporary 11869:World War II 11757:Italian Wars 11712: 11681:Early modern 11623:Papal States 11601:Italy under 11547:Ancient Rome 11212:Dobrzyń Land 11128:Stato da Màr 11124: 10711:Architecture 10683:Great Famine 10673:Universities 10613:Hussite Wars 10530:Great Schism 10456: 10417:Papal States 10295:Frankokratia 10174:(until 1715) 10105:Thessalonica 9946:, 1392–1501) 9920:Adriatic Sea 9911: 9908:Stato da Màr 9774: 9647:(1861–1946) 9625:Papal States 9453:Transpadania 9026:Stato da Màr 9005: 8708:Papal States 8619:Lombard rule 8583:Early Modern 8571:(395–476 AD) 8563:Roman Empire 8543:Ancient Rome 8340:Architecture 8287:Via de Zenta 7995:Full College 7964: 7888:Stato da Màr 7830:Italian Wars 7815:War of Padua 7784: 7755: 7718: 7707: 7678: 7655: 7651: 7642: 7635: 7628: 7614: 7607: 7584: 7575: 7566: 7552: 7538: 7524: 7510: 7496: 7458: 7449: 7440:. New York: 7437: 7424: 7415: 7401: 7394: 7361: 7352: 7337: 7316: 7297: 7290: 7285:. Routledge. 7282: 7274: 7270: 7263: 7259: 7252: 7248: 7223:. Retrieved 7216:the original 7207: 7180:. Retrieved 7173:the original 7164: 7151:. Retrieved 7134: 7111: 7086: 7061: 7052: 7044: 7023: 7011:Bibliography 7001:Romanin 1860 6996: 6989:Romanin 1860 6984: 6977:Romanin 1860 6972: 6965:Romanin 1860 6960: 6955:, p. 3. 6948: 6936: 6924: 6917:Romanin 1860 6912: 6905:Romanin 1858 6900: 6893:Romanin 1860 6888: 6881:Romanin 1858 6876: 6864: 6852:. Retrieved 6843: 6834: 6822: 6810:. Retrieved 6801: 6777:. Retrieved 6768: 6759: 6747: 6720: 6708: 6696:. Retrieved 6682: 6655: 6626: 6614:. Retrieved 6610:the original 6605: 6595: 6583: 6571: 6559: 6547: 6535: 6523: 6511: 6499: 6487: 6475: 6463: 6451:. Retrieved 6447:the original 6437: 6415:, p. 7. 6408: 6400: 6386: 6380: 6368: 6356:. Retrieved 6352:the original 6342: 6313:. Retrieved 6308: 6299: 6287:. Retrieved 6283:the original 6278: 6269: 6257:. 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Retrieved 5281: 5276: 5266: 5247: 5241: 5222: 5216: 5204:. Retrieved 5184: 5177: 5170:Norwich 1982 5165: 5153: 5141: 5129: 5117: 5088: 5076: 5064: 5052: 5040: 5028: 5016: 5004: 4975: 4963: 4951: 4939: 4927: 4915: 4903: 4891: 4879: 4867: 4855: 4843: 4836:Romanin 1855 4831: 4824:Romanin 1859 4819: 4812:Romanin 1859 4807: 4800:Romanin 1859 4795: 4788:Romanin 1858 4783: 4776:Romanin 1858 4771: 4764:Romanin 1855 4759: 4752:Romanin 1854 4737:Romanin 1853 4732: 4720: 4708: 4701:Romanin 1853 4696: 4689:Romanin 1853 4684: 4677:Romanin 1853 4672: 4665:Romanin 1853 4660: 4653:Romanin 1853 4648: 4636:. Retrieved 4621: 4609:. Retrieved 4600: 4591: 4571:; Venetian: 4554: 4518: 4415:Italian Wars 4364: 4332: 4309: 4305: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4290: 4256: 4243: 4233: 4158: 4146:supervised. 4129: 4120: 4117:silver ducat 4110: 4088: 4024: 4016:trade routes 3979: 3970: 3945: 3938: 3935:fish farming 3931: 3906: 3899: 3887: 3875: 3859: 3784: 3759: 3747:Pietro Bembo 3737:format, the 3728: 3716: 3707: 3683: 3675: 3660:rather than 3655: 3616: 3610: 3598: 3594: 3565: 3561: 3535: 3524: 3512: 3493: 3482: 3477: 3466: 3436: 3423: 3372:Stato da Màr 3370: 3368: 3356: 3277: 3273: 3265: 3248:Stato da Mar 3247: 3201: 3198:Stato da Mar 3197: 3194:Stato da Mar 3193: 3189: 3183:Stato da Màr 3181: 3174:, along the 3134: 3126: 3121: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3073: 3056: 3040: 3036: 3014:provveditori 3012: 2982: 2980: 2951: 2933: 2926:Full College 2911: 2906:Full College 2809: 2782: 2775: 2762: 2756: 2680: 2665: 2644: 2638: 2627: 2606:, elected a 2601: 2599: 2579: 2573: 2567: 2559: 2552:in German). 2546:in Italian, 2519: 2468: 2428: 2424:Pax Venetiae 2423: 2389: 2358: 2351: 2302: 2279: 2240: 2209: 2197: 2153:17th century 2132: 2120: 2097: 2085: 2078: 2062:Maximilian I 2046:Papal States 2039: 2001: 1951: 1931: 1916: 1832: 1830: 1796: 1764: 1733: 1730:in the 1490s 1722:Painting by 1686:Stato da Màr 1685: 1643: 1632: 1614: 1589: 1561: 1557:Latin Empire 1548:Stato da Màr 1546: 1500: 1460: 1444: 1438: 1433: 1426:Adriatic Sea 1402: 1361:Great Schism 1353: 1294: 1286: 1284: 1278:and elected 1273: 1251: 1241: 1217: 1215: 1206: 1196: 1188: 1184: 1176: 1172: 1154: 1147: 1143: 1135: 1131: 1123: 1117: 1088: 1033: 1029:His Serenity 1027: 1016:; Venetian: 994: 966:Adriatic Sea 950: 945: 905: 898: 874: 852:against the 835: 784: 758:and eastern 725: 701: 697: 693: 691: 675: 649: 595:Succeeded by 594: 589: 456: 450: 405:(since 1310) 380:(since 1172) 162:Stato da Màr 139: 132: 130:Motto: 129: 118:Coat of arms 25: 12673:Italophilia 12633:Coat of arm 12583:Cinquecento 12459:Immigration 12409:Aristocracy 12274:Agriculture 12168:Nationality 12141:LGBT rights 12055:Earthquakes 11936:Mani pulite 11852:World War I 11795:Unification 11788:Late modern 11752:Renaissance 11597:Middle Ages 11590:Middle Ages 11567:Roman Italy 11334:Citizenship 10940:WikiProject 10867:Medievalism 10706:Agriculture 10570:Manorialism 10565:Communalism 10560:Monasticism 10477:Reconquista 10467:Kievan Rus' 10265:(1489–1571) 10253:(1204–1235) 10247:(1204–1235) 10241:(1204–1261) 10224:(1484–1715) 10212:(1453–1538) 10194:(1390–1715) 10180:(1390–1537) 10156:(1220-1460) 10150:(1204-1355) 10148:Samothrachi 10144:(1204-1566) 10125:(1687–1715) 10119:(1463–1540) 10113:(1417–1500) 10107:(1423–1430) 10101:(1395–1402) 10095:(1408–1413) 10083:(1394–1463) 10077:(1388–1540) 10071:(1322–1470) 10059:(1207–1500) 10038:(1717–1797) 10032:(1684–1797) 10026:(1684–1797) 10020:(1500–1797) 10014:(1500–1797) 10008:(1479–1797) 10002:(1401–1797) 9996:(1386–1797) 9986:(1363–1797) 9952:(1420–1797) 9862: [ 9673:(1947–1954) 9667:(1943–1945) 9661:(1920–1924) 9653:(1882–1960) 9637:unification 9627:(1814–1870) 9621:(1815–1866) 9615:(1816–1861) 9609:(1814–1860) 9603:(1859–1860) 9597:(1849–1850) 9591:(1848–1849) 9573:(1815–1859) 9567:(1814–1859) 9561:(1814–1859) 9555:(1814–1829) 9549:(1815–1847) 9543:(1815–1848) 9433:Parthenopea 9394:(1792–1815) 9352:(1647–1648) 9318:(1282–1816) 9300:(1324–1861) 9261:Agugliastra 9126:Longobardia 8763:independent 8613:Vandal rule 7225:12 February 6854:16 February 6812:16 February 6779:16 February 6358:11 February 5386:2 September 5296:29 December 5206:23 December 4638:26 December 4564:; English: 4417:(1494–1559) 4404: 1755 4271:Carlo Gozzi 4185:late Gothic 4175:'s stay in 4167:arrived in 4056:Southampton 3824:Inquisition 3771:Catholicism 3566:Libro d'Oro 3562:Libro d'Oro 3537:Libro d'Oro 3485:winged lion 3232:Peloponnese 3074:Libro d'Oro 3019:camerlenghi 2984:Libro d'Oro 2935:camerlenghi 2879:Peloponnese 2534:Ugo Foscolo 2416:merchantmen 2404:Dardanelles 2236:Paolo Sarpi 2216:Pope Paul V 2201:spice trade 2193:Dardanelles 2135:Holy League 1917:In 1454, a 1872:Pippo Spano 1777:during the 1654:Black Death 1594:and in the 1465:; thus the 1232:pirates in 1222:Giustiniano 1161:Charlemagne 1103:exarch Paul 1023:serenissimo 764:Peloponnese 590:Preceded by 553:Dissolution 471:Golden Bull 417:Middle Ages 374:Legislature 12826:Categories 12743:Traditions 12733:Television 12718:Philosophy 12683:Literature 12623:Cathedrals 12593:Settecento 12454:Healthcare 12419:Corruption 12414:Censorship 12173:Parliament 12131:Government 11931:Maxi Trial 11879:Resistance 11608:Ostrogoths 11540:Messapians 11425:Villanovan 11415:Prehistory 11408:Prehistory 10862:Land terms 10816:Technology 10796:Philosophy 10776:Literature 10741:Demography 10442:Viking Age 10172:Spinalonga 10117:Monemvasia 10012:Cephalonia 9504:Pontecorvo 9462:Monarchies 9448:Subalpinia 9413:Cispadania 9408:Cisalpinia 9390:Napoleonic 9097:(774–1139) 9009:(697–1797) 8711:(754–1870) 8673:(584–751) 8621:(568–774) 8027:Patriciate 7945:Government 7652:The Latin 7410:9608280079 7365:. Milano. 7182:8 February 7153:14 October 6827:Zorzi 2001 6752:Zorzi 2001 6740:Zorzi 2001 6725:Zorzi 2001 6713:Zorzi 2001 6675:Zorzi 2001 6660:Zorzi 2001 6648:Zorzi 2001 6631:Zorzi 2001 6588:Zorzi 2001 6576:Zorzi 2001 6453:7 February 6373:Magno 2012 6289:22 January 6259:22 January 6229:22 January 6196:22 January 6166:22 January 6124:22 January 6082:22 January 5995:Preto 2004 5794:22 January 5455:0896594068 5359:9608280079 5158:Zorzi 2001 5146:Zorzi 2001 5134:Zorzi 2001 5122:Zorzi 2001 5110:Zorzi 2001 5093:Zorzi 2001 5081:Zorzi 2001 5069:Zorzi 2001 5057:Zorzi 2001 5045:Zorzi 2001 5033:Zorzi 2001 5021:Zorzi 2001 5009:Zorzi 2001 4997:Zorzi 2001 4980:Zorzi 2001 4968:Zorzi 2001 4956:Zorzi 2001 4944:Zorzi 2001 4932:Zorzi 2001 4920:Zorzi 2001 4908:Zorzi 2001 4896:Zorzi 2001 4884:Zorzi 2001 4872:Zorzi 2001 4860:Zorzi 2001 4848:Zorzi 2001 4725:Zorzi 2001 4713:Zorzi 2001 4611:2 November 4583:References 4558:Short for 4371:Mardi Gras 4317:Traditions 4263:canovaccio 4205:Tintoretto 4181:Squarcione 3980:filacànevi 3713:Publishing 3698:Conegliano 3684:After the 3577:while the 3554:Morean War 3530:Patricians 3473:Alexandria 3393:galleasses 3347:Galleasses 3303:Bergamasco 3236:Negroponte 2641:patriciate 2487:Montenotte 2473:and seven 2430:Angelo Emo 2400:Aegean Sea 2377:Spinalonga 2313:Morean War 2177:Cretan War 2163:Morean War 2157:See also: 2093:Adda River 2060:; Emperor 1834:Terraferma 1726:depicting 1537:including 1535:Aegean Sea 1507:Hungarians 1434:status quo 1126:appointed 1114:iconoclasm 1099:first doge 997:absolutism 940:) and the 748:Montenegro 683:Orso Ipato 323:mercantile 306:Government 295:Demonym(s) 191:(810–1797) 12703:Mythology 12678:Libraries 12598:Ottocento 12540:Terrorism 12481:Languages 12434:Education 12356:Transport 12306:Companies 12213:Provinces 12183:President 12148:Judiciary 12121:Elections 12033:Volcanoes 12028:Volcanism 12021:Apennines 12006:Mountains 11974:Peninsula 11957:Geography 11888:Civil War 11613:Byzantium 11520:Etruscans 11455:Canegrate 11450:Golasecca 11435:Rinaldone 11430:Terramare 11420:Neolithic 10847:Dark Ages 10756:Household 10751:Hastilude 10520:Feudalism 10245:Gallipoli 10206:Alonissos 10168:Gramvousa 9944:1205–1213 9479:Guastalla 9469:Benevento 9401:Republics 9256:Judicates 9104:Byzantine 8761:and other 8699:(585–698) 8691:(554–752) 8685:(554–752) 8679:(533–751) 8664:(584–751) 8615:(435–534) 8609:(493–553) 8603:(476–493) 8594:(476–774) 8528:Iapygians 8372:Bucentaur 8345:Humanists 7960:Dogaressa 7860:Geography 7654:Renovatio 7594:cite book 7478:cite book 7381:cite book 7235:cite book 7192:cite book 7121:cite book 7096:cite book 7090:. Torino. 7071:cite book 6798:"Venezia" 5424:5 January 4569:of Venice 4504:(1425–54) 4433:(1848–49) 4356:Bucentaur 4287:dogaressa 4244:Andromeda 4209:mannerism 4193:Giorgione 4173:Donatello 3949:Comacchio 3928:Resources 3666:San Marco 3307:Cremonese 3299:Bresciano 3276:, called 3260:Gallipoli 3192:, called 3164:Cavarzere 3152:Malamocco 2526:abdicated 2420:Po Valley 2392:Austrians 2255:Uskok War 2224:interdict 2220:canon law 2108:Famagusta 2007:Louis XII 1914:in 1499. 1906:in 1426, 1813:(via the 1639:Scaligeri 1625:Carraresi 1390:chrysobol 1348:Byzantine 1307:feudalism 1270:Comacchio 1230:Narentine 1149:Metamauco 984:Mehmed II 902:Etymology 795:Byzantine 685:, in 726. 475:Alexios I 326:oligarchy 283:Religion 264:Dalmatian 185:(742–810) 183:Malamocco 179:(697–742) 12781:Category 12668:Internet 12658:Folklore 12588:Seicento 12573:Trecento 12568:Duecento 12530:Religion 12491:Regional 12469:Italians 12444:Gambling 12336:Taxation 12163:Military 12104:Politics 11906:Republic 11693:Florence 11618:Lombards 11557:Republic 11503:Samnites 11498:Picentes 11440:Apennine 11399:Railways 11379:Military 11327:By topic 11311:Overview 11295:articles 11247:Crusades 11125:Venetian 10930:Category 10897:Timeline 10786:Minstrel 10781:Medicine 10663:Chivalry 10618:Burgundy 10540:Crusades 10202:Skopelos 10198:Skiathos 10111:Navarino 9934:Dalmatia 9438:Piedmont 9288:Oristano 9281:Logudoro 9271:Cagliari 9246:Sardinia 8979:Piedmont 8728:Holy See 8579:Medieval 8533:Picentes 8476:Samnites 8400:Category 8355:Painting 8165:Military 8076:Auditors 7938:Politics 7898:Dalmatia 7876:Sestieri 7778:Timeline 7719:Treccani 7677:(2001). 7617:Archived 7588:. Milan. 7564:(1860). 7550:(1859). 7536:(1858). 7522:(1855). 7508:(1854). 7494:(1853). 7436:(1982). 7336:(1973). 7147:Archived 6848:Archived 6844:LaMoneta 6840:"Ducato" 6806:Archived 6802:LaMoneta 6773:Archived 6769:LaMoneta 6698:19 March 6692:Archived 6606:Treccani 6309:Treccani 5785:Archived 5508:(2012). 5460:Archived 5442:(1983). 5418:Archived 5290:Archived 5274:(1960). 5200:Archived 4632:Archived 4605:Archived 4537:Venetian 4385:See also 4367:Carnival 4201:Veronese 4171:through 4084:Aral Sea 4008:Nafplion 4004:Palamidi 3967:Industry 3959:and the 3953:Chioggia 3804:Torcello 3766:Religion 3662:Giudecca 3588:Citizens 3583:Giudecca 3552:and the 3542:tribunes 3496:Napoleon 3489:gonfalon 3426:mainland 3315:Polesine 3295:Veronese 3283:Padovano 3228:Cyclades 3222:and the 3216:Dalmatia 3176:Po Delta 3156:Chioggia 3144:Torcello 3005:captains 2999:and the 2922:Signoria 2849:Lordship 2829:Dalmatia 2825:Adriatic 2803:and the 2785:Signoria 2588:Politics 2584:(1762). 2495:Napoleon 2479:Piedmont 2402:and the 2245:and the 2212:Holy See 2104:Limassol 1900:Lombardy 1805:and the 1744:Mehmed I 1694:Chioggia 1503:Crusades 1455:and the 1260:and the 1258:Saracens 1234:Dalmatia 1226:Giovanni 1207:Rivoalto 1198:Rivoalto 1181:Obelerio 1177:Heraclia 1173:Equilium 1144:Heraclia 1140:Theodato 1079:Torcello 970:Dalmatia 946:de facto 888:and the 866:Napoleon 815:Crusades 756:Adriatic 744:Dalmatia 704:, was a 571:Currency 457:de facto 321:under a 300:Venetian 269:Albanian 259:Cimbrian 249:Friulian 234:Croatian 211:Venetian 104:War flag 102:Bottom: 74:697–1797 62:Venetian 12738:Theatre 12713:Palaces 12693:Museums 12663:Gardens 12648:Fashion 12638:Cuisine 12618:Castles 12560:Culture 12510:Poverty 12486:Italian 12397:Society 12378:Welfare 12346:Tourism 12316:Exports 12284:Banking 12264:Economy 12252:Economy 12208:Regions 12090:Valleys 12060:Islands 12040:Beaches 12011:Prealps 11991:Geology 11979:Climate 11643:Normans 11603:Odoacer 11552:Kingdom 11535:Ligures 11471:Ancient 11445:Nuragic 11394:Postage 11369:Judaism 11359:Genetic 11349:Fashion 11344:Economy 11303:History 11160:Livonia 11155:Prussia 11012:vassals 10840:Related 10826:Warfare 10821:Theatre 10811:Slavery 10806:Science 10761:Hunting 10726:Cuisine 10699:Culture 10638:Castile 10633:England 10251:Rodosto 10178:Mykonos 10069:Pteleos 10036:Preveza 10030:Vonitsa 9910:of the 9519:Corsica 9509:Tuscany 9474:Etruria 9423:Liguria 9276:Gallura 9266:Arborea 9182:Lombard 8882:Tuscany 8872:Trieste 8508:Ligures 8469:Etruria 8314:Culture 8245:Coinage 8229:Economy 8126:Censori 7773:History 7766:History 7266:(2001). 6616:26 June 6315:3 April 6279:JVenice 6249:JVenice 6219:JVenice 6186:JVenice 6156:JVenice 6114:JVenice 6072:JVenice 4523:Italian 4329:in 1732 4277:Fashion 4229:Grimani 4215:Theatre 4150:Culture 4125:denarii 4121:matapan 4101:Coinage 4076:Trabzon 4036:galleys 3917:Economy 3816:St Mark 3751:Erasmus 3694:Vicenza 3688:by the 3600:scholae 3521:Society 3446:Symbols 3389:galleys 3349:in the 3291:Vicenza 3220:Albania 3037:Pregadi 3009:podestà 2946:Cernida 2616:Venetia 2608:Tribune 2603:comitia 2515:Lombard 2511:Balkans 2475:galiots 2471:galleys 2412:Albania 2394:in the 2369:Corinth 2232:Servite 2191:at the 2139:Spanish 2116:Kyrenia 2112:Nicosia 2070:Apulian 2058:Romagna 2042:Romagna 2027:Durazzo 2015:Lepanto 2011:Cremona 1997:Lepanto 1912:Cremona 1908:Bergamo 1904:Brescia 1896:Durazzo 1892:Spalato 1876:Voivode 1844:Belluno 1840:Vicenza 1771:Albania 1682:Trieste 1664:, Doge 1629:Treviso 1430:new war 1369:Normans 1189:Venezia 1185:Venezia 1124:Venetia 1110:Leo III 1107:Emperor 1044:History 1010:Italian 1004:or the 752:Albania 551:• 538:• 525:• 512:• 499:• 486:• 469:• 449:• 310:Unitary 289:(state) 274:Slovene 254:Lombard 244:Istriot 207:Italian 177:Eraclea 170:Capital 47:Italian 12769: 12643:Design 12628:Cinema 12603:Anthem 12525:Racism 12474:People 12449:Health 12311:Energy 12301:Brands 12228:Comune 12223:Cities 12085:Rivers 12045:Canals 11728:Amalfi 11713:Venice 11572:Empire 11513:Veneti 11488:Latins 11460:Latial 11293: 11065:Greece 11029:Marash 10999:Levant 10920:Portal 10801:Poetry 10628:France 10263:Cyprus 10216:Aegina 10210:Skyros 10188:Sifnos 10154:Spezia 10099:Athens 10093:Patras 10018:Ithaca 9928:Istria 9838: 9772: 9759: 9746: 9585:(1848) 9579:(1831) 9534:states 9499:Naples 9209:Norman 9016:Dogado 8887:Verona 8852:Mantua 8847:Istria 8827:Finale 8817:Ancona 8765:states 8585:states 8503:Veneti 8481:Latins 8039:Senate 7974:Concio 7913:Cyprus 7893:Istria 7871:Dogado 7760: 7685: 7663: 7466: 7408: 7369: 7344: 7323: 7304: 7253:Trames 6393: 5516: 5452: 5410: 5357: 5336: 5254: 5229: 5192: 4406:–1816) 4306:velada 4197:Titian 4169:Veneto 4136:sequin 4091:Rialto 4078:, and 4064:Zaiton 4060:Bruges 4012:Greece 3940:Dogado 3910:ghetto 3822:, the 3808:Caorle 3739:italic 3735:octavo 3670:Rialto 3658:Mestre 3564:. The 3548:, the 3433:Police 3353:, 1691 3319:Cadore 3311:Friuli 3256:Athens 3244:Cyprus 3230:, the 3212:Istria 3148:Murano 3140:Caorle 3135:Dogado 3128:Dogado 3057:Dogado 3031:Senate 3017:, the 3011:, the 3007:, the 2954:Church 2801:Senate 2799:, the 2749:Titian 2707:, and 2667:concio 2634:Empire 2556:Legacy 2365:Aegina 2347:Imbros 2290:Mantua 2234:friar 2114:, and 2066:Veneto 2033:, and 1954:Cyprus 1927:Rovigo 1858:, and 1856:Verona 1848:Feltre 1846:, and 1838:Thus, 1767:Istria 1752:sultan 1592:Senate 1543:Euboea 1414:Ancona 1373:Durrës 1357:Istria 1295:co-dux 1287:Concio 1275:Concio 1253:Dogado 1218:co-dux 1211:Venice 1165:Franks 894:Senate 884:, the 862:Aegean 811:Rialto 772:Cyprus 760:Ionian 740:Istria 727:Dogado 714:Venice 658:, but 391:Senate 337: 189:Venice 100:(1659) 58: 43: 12728:Sport 12698:Music 12688:Media 12550:Women 12424:Crime 12289:Banks 12065:Lakes 12050:Caves 12001:Flora 11996:Fauna 11718:Genoa 11703:Milan 11698:Siena 11638:Arabs 11525:Celts 11508:Umbri 11384:Music 11354:Flags 11291:Italy 10831:Women 10791:Music 10746:Domes 10736:Dance 10623:Milan 10232:Other 10222:Poros 10192:Tinos 10164:Souda 10160:Crete 10142:Hydra 10081:Argos 10057:Coron 10053:Modon 10000:Parga 9994:Paxos 9990:Corfu 9866:] 9635:Post- 9484:Italy 9428:Lucca 9418:Italy 8969:Savoy 8877:Turin 8857:Milan 8842:Ivrea 8518:Umbri 8491:Celts 8407:Index 8350:Music 8255:Zecca 8209:Ranks 8032:Zonta 7923:Morea 7918:Crete 7219:(PDF) 7212:(PDF) 7176:(PDF) 7169:(PDF) 5788:(PDF) 5781:(PDF) 5280:[ 4510:Notes 4291:Tonda 4177:Padua 4080:Amman 4068:Sudak 3986:Trade 3961:Adige 3743:comma 3381:Corfu 3287:Marca 3240:Crete 3208:Corfu 3168:Grado 3160:Loreo 3117:bailo 3043:zonta 2883:Turks 2877:(the 2875:Morea 2772:fraud 2743:Doge 2724:Doge 2649:ducis 2646:curia 2620:duchy 2499:Adige 2481:(the 2385:Corfu 2361:Tinos 2317:Morea 2263:Crema 2035:Coron 2031:Modon 1960:(the 1880:Motta 1852:Padua 1811:Caffa 1678:Crete 1621:Padua 1604:Doge 1539:Crete 1531:Morea 1418:Genoa 1377:Corfu 1193:Pepin 1119:duces 819:Genoa 768:Crete 313:mixed 239:Greek 216:Latin 96:Top: 12653:Flag 12383:Wine 12371:road 12366:rail 12197:List 12187:List 12016:Alps 11881:and 11723:Pisa 11493:Osci 11389:Name 11374:LGBT 11158:and 10208:and 10170:and 10055:and 9992:and 9982:and 9514:Elba 9443:Rome 9392:eras 9388:and 9361:Gozo 9160:Arab 9143:and 8822:Ceva 8486:Osci 8377:Flag 8299:Muda 8250:Lira 7955:Doge 7842:Fall 7683:ISBN 7661:ISBN 7600:link 7484:link 7464:ISBN 7406:ISBN 7387:link 7367:ISBN 7342:ISBN 7321:ISBN 7302:ISBN 7241:link 7227:2020 7198:link 7184:2019 7155:2023 7127:link 7102:link 7077:link 6856:2019 6814:2019 6781:2019 6700:2020 6618:2020 6455:2019 6391:ISBN 6360:2020 6317:2024 6291:2020 6261:2020 6231:2020 6198:2020 6168:2020 6126:2020 6084:2020 5796:2020 5514:ISBN 5468:2020 5450:ISBN 5426:2022 5408:ISBN 5388:2018 5355:ISBN 5334:ISBN 5298:2020 5252:ISBN 5227:ISBN 5208:2015 5190:ISBN 4640:2022 4613:2022 4373:and 4325:The 4223:The 4203:and 4095:alum 4072:Azov 4058:and 4032:mude 3834:and 3806:and 3749:and 3696:and 3668:and 3626:Jews 3502:and 3483:The 3400:Army 3391:and 3331:Navy 3317:and 3272:The 3258:and 3242:and 3234:and 3188:The 3172:Goro 3133:The 2904:The 2783:The 2759:Doge 2757:The 2695:Doge 2624:doge 2503:Alps 2491:Lodi 2460:Doge 2440:Fall 2381:Suda 2379:and 2363:and 2171:The 2161:and 2091:the 1976:The 1945:and 1888:Traù 1874:and 1860:Este 1712:and 1680:and 1541:and 1487:and 1422:Pisa 1420:and 1375:and 1285:The 1224:and 1128:Orso 1073:The 1052:and 908:doge 807:doge 793:, a 770:and 750:and 708:and 692:The 664:Paul 562:1797 545:1718 532:1571 519:1412 506:1204 493:1177 480:1082 333:Doge 12613:Art 12361:air 12153:Law 10716:Art 8581:and 7717:at 7706:at 4543:or 4529:or 4246:by 4155:Art 4006:in 3214:to 3041:de 2763:dux 2489:to 2345:at 1995:at 1769:to 1412:of 1163:'s 1159:by 1146:to 1136:dux 1093:of 1040:". 648:a. 555:by 473:of 463:840 443:697 12828:: 11170:* 10204:, 10200:, 10166:, 9864:it 7596:}} 7592:{{ 7480:}} 7476:{{ 7383:}} 7379:{{ 7340:. 7300:. 7273:. 7251:. 7237:}} 7233:{{ 7194:}} 7190:{{ 7123:}} 7119:{{ 7098:}} 7094:{{ 7073:}} 7069:{{ 6846:. 6842:. 6804:. 6800:. 6789:^ 6771:. 6767:. 6732:^ 6667:^ 6638:^ 6604:. 6420:^ 6399:. 6325:^ 6307:. 6277:. 6247:. 6217:. 6206:^ 6184:. 6154:. 6112:. 6070:. 5927:^ 5900:^ 5636:^ 5458:. 5416:. 5374:. 5306:^ 5288:. 5198:. 5100:^ 4987:^ 4744:^ 4603:. 4599:. 4539:: 4535:; 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