Civics - Knowledge

2278:. Now the succession belonging to Agis by law, Agesilaus, who in all probability was to be but a private man, was educated according to the usual discipline of the country, hard and severe, and meant to teach young men to obey their superiors. Whence it was that, men say, Simonides called Sparta "the tamer of men," because by early strictness of education, they, more than any nation, trained the citizens to obedience to the laws, and made them tractable and patient of subjection, as horses that are broken in while colts. The law did not impose this harsh rule on the heirs apparent of the kingdom. But Agesilaus, whose good fortune it was to be born a younger brother, was consequently bred to all the arts of obedience, and so the better fitted for the government, when it fell to his share; hence it was that he proved the most popular-tempered of the Spartan kings, his early life having added to his natural kingly and commanding qualities the gentle and humane feelings of a citizen.Translated by 2419:. It is a thing worthy of very great consideration, that in that excellent, and, in truth, for its perfection, prodigious form of civil regimen set down by Lycurgus, though so solicitous of the education of children, as a thing of the greatest concern, and even in the very seat of the Muses, he should make so little mention of learning; as if that generous youth, disdaining all other subjection but that of virtue, ought to be supplied, instead of tutors to read to them arts and sciences, with such masters as should only instruct them in valour, prudence, and justice; an example that Plato has followed in his laws. The manner of their discipline was to propound to them questions in judgment upon men and their actions; and if they commended or condemned this or that person or fact, they were to give a reason for so doing; by which means they at once sharpened their understanding, and learned what was right. Translated by 2602:. "Amongst the persons there the most renowned for their learning all their wisdom in state matters was one Thales, whom Lycurgus, by importunities and assurances of friendship, persuaded to go over to Lacedaemon; where, though by his outward appearance and his own profession he seemed to be no other than a lyric poet, in reality he performed the part of one of the ablest lawgivers in the world. The very songs which he composed were exhortations to obedience and concord, and the very measure and cadence of the verse, conveying impressions of order and tranquility, had so great an influence on the minds of the listeners, that they were insensibly softened and civilized, insomuch that they renounced their private feuds and animosities, and were reunited in a common admiration of virtue. So that it may truly be said that Thales prepared the way for the discipline introduced by Lycurgus." 2792:, Part II, Chapter 29. In summe, I cannot imagine, how anything can be more prejudiciall to a Monarchy, than the allowing of such books to be publikely read, without present applying such correctives of discreet Masters, as are fit to take away their Venime; Which Venime I will not doubt to compare to the biting of a mad Dogge, which is a disease the Physicians call Hydrophobia, or Fear Of Water. For as he that is so bitten, has a continuall torment of thirst, and yet abhorreth water; and is in such an estate, as if the poyson endeavoured to convert him into a Dogge: So when a Monarchy is once bitten to the quick, by those Democraticall writers, that continually snarle at that estate; it wanteth nothing more than a strong Monarch, which neverthelesse out of a certain Tyrannophobia, or feare of being strongly governed, when they have him, they abhorre. 2403:.The Iren, or under-master, used to stay a little with them after supper, and one of them he bade to sing a song, to another he put a question which required an advised and deliberate answer; for example, Who was the best man in the city? What he thought of such an action of such a man? They used them thus early to pass a right judgment upon persons and things, and to inform themselves of the abilities or defects of their countrymen. If they had not an answer ready to the question Who was a good or who an ill-reputed citizen, they were looked upon as of a dull and careless disposition, and to have little or no sense of virtue and honor; besides this, they were to give a good reason for what they said, and in as few words and as comprehensive as might be; he that failed of this, or answered not to the purpose, had his thumb bit by his master. 2777:, Part II, Chapter 21. And as Aristotle; so Cicero, and other Writers have grounded their Civill doctrine, on the opinions of the Romans, who were taught to hate Monarchy, at first, by them that having deposed their Soveraign, shared amongst them the Soveraignty of Rome; and afterwards by their Successors. And by reading of these Greek, and Latine Authors, men from their childhood have gotten a habit (under a false shew of Liberty,) of favouring tumults, and of licentious controlling the actions of their Soveraigns; and again of controlling those controllers, with the effusion of so much blood; as I think I may truly say, there was never any thing so deerly bought, as these Western parts have bought the learning of the Greek and Latine tongues. 2327:. Lycurgus was of another mind; he would not have masters bought out of the market for his young Spartans, nor such as should sell their pains; nor was it lawful, indeed, for the father himself to breed up the children after his own fancy; but as soon as they were seven years old they were to be enrolled in certain companies and classes, where they all lived under the same order and discipline, doing their exercises and taking their play together. Of these, he who showed the most conduct and courage was made captain; they had their eyes always upon him, obeyed his orders, and underwent patiently whatsoever punishment he inflicted; so that the whole course of their education was one continued exercise of a ready and perfect obedience. 2825:, Book I, Section VII, Paragraph 10. Neither hath learning an influence and operation only upon civil merit and moral virtue, and the arts or temperature of peace and peaceable government; but likewise it hath no less power and efficacy in enablement towards martial and military virtue and prowess, as may be notably represented in the examples of Alexander the Great and Cæsar the Dictator (mentioned before, but now in fit place to be resumed), of whose virtues and acts in war there needs no note or recital, having been the wonders of time in that kind; but of their affections towards learning and perfections in learning it is pertinent to say somewhat. 2384:. "They taught them, also, to speak with a natural and graceful raillery, and to comprehend much matter of thought in few words. For Lycurgus, who ordered, as we saw, that a great piece of money should be but of an inconsiderable value, on the contrary would allow no discourse to be current which did not contain in few words a great deal of useful and curious sense; children in Sparta, by a habit of long silence, came to give just and sententious answers; for, indeed, as loose and incontinent livers are seldom fathers of many children, so loose and incontinent talkers seldom originate many sensible words." 2446:. "Nor was their instruction in music and verse less carefully attended to than their habits of grace and good breeding in conversation. And their very songs had a life and spirit in them that inflamed and possessed men's minds with an enthusiasm and ardor for action; the style of them was plain and without affectation; the subject always serious and moral; most usually, it was in praise of such men as had died in defense of their country, or in derision of those that had been cowards; the former they declared happy and glorified; the life of the latter they described as most miserable and abject." 1571:

assail them with equal success in practice—but are taught to consider that the schemes of our enemies are not dissimilar to our own, and that the freaks of chance are not determinable by calculation. In practice we always base our preparations against an enemy on the assumption that his plans are good; indeed, it is right to rest our hopes not on a belief in his blunders, but on the soundness of our provisions. Nor ought we to believe that there is much difference between man and man, but to think that the superiority lies with him who is reared in the severest school.

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What their sentiments were will better appear by a few of their sayings. Paedaretus, not being admitted into the list of the three hundred, returned home with a joyful face, well pleased to find that there were in Sparta three hundred better men than himself. And Polycratidas, being sent with some others ambassador to the lieutenants of the king of Persia, being asked by them whether they came in a private or in a public character, answered, "In a public, if we succeed; if not, in a private character."'

3640: 4842: 2620:. That other leading city of Greece, Lacedaemon, considering that Lycurgus their lawgiver was so addicted to elegant learning, as to have been the first that brought out of Ionia the scattered works of Homer, and sent the poet Thales from Crete to prepare and mollify the Spartan surliness with his smooth songs and odes, the better to plant among them law and civility, it is to be wondered how museless and unbookish they were, minding nought but the feats of war. 1413: 593: 4856: 3604: 3629: 2702:. Book I, Section IV. "And then, that I did not fall into the ambition of ordinary sophists, either to write tracts concerning the common theorems, or to exhort men unto virtue and the study of philosophy by public orations; as also that I never by way of ostentation did affect to show myself an active able man, for any kind of bodily exercises. And that I gave over the study of rhetoric and poetry, and of elegant neat language." 2643:. "Here he had the first sight of Homer's works, in the hands, we may suppose, of the posterity of Creophylus; and, having observed that the few loose expressions and actions of ill example which are to be found in his poems were much outweighed by serious lessons of state and rules of morality, he set himself eagerly to transcribe and digest them into order, as thinking they would be of good use in his own country." 2489:. "The truth is, he took in their case, also, all the care that was possible; he ordered the maidens to exercise themselves with wrestling, running, throwing the quoit, and casting the dart, to the end that the fruit they conceived might, in strong and healthy bodies, take firmer root and find better growth, and withal that they, with this greater vigor, might be the more able to undergo the pains of child bearing." 3616: 2807:, Part IV, Chapter 47. From Aristotles Civill Philosophy, they have learned, to call all manner of Common-wealths but the Popular, (such as was at that time the state of Athens,) Tyranny. All Kings they called Tyrants; and the Aristocracy of the thirty Governours set up there by the Lacedemonians that subdued them, the thirty Tyrants: As also to call the condition of the people under the Democracy, Liberty. 2346:. The old men, too, had an eye upon them, coming often to the grounds to hear and see them contend either in wit or strength with one another, and this as seriously and with as much concern as if they were their fathers, their tutors, or their magistrates; so that there scarcely was any time or place without someone present to put them in mind of their duty, and punish them if they had neglected it. 2523:, Part II, Chapter 21. And because the Athenians were taught, (to keep them from desire of changing their Government,) that they were Freemen, and all that lived under Monarchy were slaves; therefore Aristotle puts it down in his Politiques,(lib.6.cap.2) "In democracy, Liberty is to be supposed: for 'tis commonly held, that no man is Free in any other Government." 1850:, and in Argos spent his boyhood. There, when he grew to man's estate, first, as is the duty of strangers settled in another land, he showed no pique or jealousy against the state, became no quibbler, chiefest source of annoyance citizen or stranger can give, but took his stand amid the host, and fought for 2469:

bred up his citizens in such a way that they neither would nor could live by themselves; they were to make themselves one with the public good, and, clustering like bees around their commander, be by their zeal and public spirit carried all but out of themselves, and devoted wholly to their country.

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the importance in civic education of following expert opinion, rather than majority opinion. Socrates uses the analogy of the training gymnast, who he implies ought to follow his gymnastics trainer, not whatever the majority of people think about gymnastics. Crito also hears Socrates' argument that a

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Again, that secrets he neither had many, nor often, and such only as concerned public matters: his discretion and moderation, in exhibiting of the public sights and shows for the pleasure and pastime of the people: in public buildings. congiaries, and the like. In all these things, having a respect

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However, the youth were also required to express themselves forcefully and succinctly, as well to think and reflect on matters of civic virtue, including such questions as who is or is not a good citizen of Sparta. Montaigne would later praise this particular technique of education, admiring the way

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And we are wise, because we are educated with too little learning to despise the laws, and with too severe a self-control to disobey them, and are brought up not to be too knowing in useless matters—such as the knowledge which can give a specious criticism of an enemy's plans in theory, but fails to

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That I lived under the government of my lord and father, who would take away from me all pride and vainglory, and reduce me to that conceit and opinion that it was not impossible for a prince to live in the court without a troop of guards and followers, extraordinary apparel, such and such torches

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considered education of the citizenry to be his main priority as framer of the Spartan constitution. Plutarch observes that 'the whole course of education was one of continued exercise of a ready and perfect obedience' in which 'there scarcely was any time or place without someone present to put

2847:, Book II, Section XXII, Paragraph 13. But is it not true also, that much less young men are fit auditors of matters of policy, till they have been thoroughly seasoned in religion and morality; lest their judgments be corrupted, and made apt to think that there are no true differences of things 2003:

is that they teach "the virtues of democratic deliberation for the sake of future citizenship." This type of education is often alluded to in the deliberative democracy literature as fulfilling the necessary and fundamental social and institutional changes necessary to develop a democracy that

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They adduce that for this purpose schools must encourage ethical behavior and personal responsibility. In order to achieve these goals schools must allow students the three great freedoms—freedom of choice, freedom of action and freedom to bear the results of action—that constitute personal

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Essentially, the Spartan ideal of civic education was a process whereby the interest of the citizen becomes totally united with the interest of the polity, in a spirit of perfect patriotism: 'To conclude, Lycurgus bred up his citizens in such a way that they neither would nor could live by

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and statues, and other like particulars of state and magnificence; but that a man may reduce and contract himself almost to the state of a private man, and yet for all that not to become the more base and remiss in those public matters and affairs, wherein power and authority is requisite.

1826:, to lead life of ease; his home was in the fields, and gladly would he school his nature to hardships with a view to manliness, aye hasting to the chase, rejoicing in his steeds or straining of his bow, because he would make himself of use unto his state. 2308:. In order to the good education of their youth (which, as I said before, he thought the most important and noblest work of a lawgiver), he went so far back as to take into consideration their very conception and birth, by regulating their marriages. 1607:

Simonides called Sparta "the tamer of men," because by early strictness of education, they, more than any nation, trained the citizens to obedience to the laws, and made them tractable and patient of subjection, as horses that are broken in while

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Spartan citizens spent their time learning to acquire virtues such as courage and temperance, to the exclusion of studying any other subject. Spartan boys were also taught music and songs in praise of courage and in condemnation of cowardice.

2717:. Book I, Section VIII. "Of Fronto, to how much envy and fraud and hypocrisy the state of a tyrannous king is subject unto, and how they who are commonly called , i.e. nobly born, are in some sort incapable, or void of natural affection." 2252:. One asking to this purpose, Agesilaus, what he thought most proper for boys to learn? "What they ought to do when they come to be men," said he.——It is no wonder, if such an institution produced so admirable effects. Translated by 1941:, saying that it wrongly encouraged monarchical subjects to restrain the actions of their monarchs. He thought that those citizens who imbibed the value of democracy from classic works were likely to oppose monarchy in the manner 1642:

themselves; they were to make themselves one with the public good, and, clustering like bees around their commander, be by their zeal and public spirit carried all but out of themselves, and devoted wholly to their country.

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He it was also that did put me in the first conceit and desire of an equal commonwealth, administered by justice and equality; and of a kingdom wherein should be regarded nothing more than the good and welfare of the

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Civic education for toughness and martial prowess was not only within the purview of Spartan men: Plutarch recounts how Lycurgus 'ordered the maidens to exercises themselves with wrestling, running, throwing the

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in education, where our rivals from their very cradles by a painful discipline seek after manliness, at Athens we live exactly as we please, and yet are just as ready to encounter every legitimate danger.

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provides insight into Athens' sharply contrasting form of civic education from Sparta, for personal freedom, rather than blind obedience, where he boasts that Athens is 'the school of Hellas', since:

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as he were her own son, glad at heart whenso the city prospered, deeply grieved if e'er reverses came; many a lover though he had midst men and maids, yet was he careful to avoid offence.

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Reading and writing they gave them, just enough to serve their turn; their chief care was to make them good subjects, and to teach them to endure pain and conquer in battle.

1784:, 'prepare and mollify the Spartan surliness with his smooth songs and odes, the better to plant among them law and civility'. Plutarch also spoke of the deep influence of 1882:, to refrain from rhetoric and giving hortatory lectures, and to perceive the defects of tyranny. From his brother he imbibed a specific ideal for the Roman state: 1963:, Bacon also argues that civic education should be preceded by religious and moral education, so that those who judge policy will not be under the influence of 1945:

dogs avoid water. Hobbes was deeply uncomfortable with Aristotelian civic education, which he said advised popular governance instead of monarchical rule.

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The Americana: a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc., of the world

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One asking to this purpose, Agesilaus, what he thought most proper for boys to learn? "What they ought to do when they come to be men," said he.

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Such another was Hippomedon, third of all this band; from his very boyhood he refrained from turning towards the allurements of the

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believed that the Athenians were only taught to think they had personal freedom in order to discourage them from seeking reform.

1434: 2202: 2903: 2936: 1511:, and government with especial attention to the political role of the citizens in the operation and oversight of government. 2157: 2014: 1427: 4249: 3807: 3706: 2683:. Book I, Section III. "Not to be offended with other men's liberty of speech, and to apply myself unto philosophy." 1815: 489: 4363: 4232: 3620: 1550: 95: 4818: 4165: 4066: 3556: 2084: 2024: 1312: 17: 3644: 2206: 4325: 3959: 3513: 3167: 3008: 1119: 1074: 614: 484: 262: 110: 3678: 3120: 2976: 945: 499: 4485: 3964: 3461: 3371: 2054: 1900:

unto men only as men, and to the equity of the things themselves, and not unto the glory that might follow.

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He also describes how the Spartans limited civic education so as to maintain social control over the young:

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of civic education for the Spartan virtues of toughness, obedience, cunning, simplicity, and preparedness:

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citizen ought to obey his city's laws partly because it was his city which educated him for citizenship.

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involves intensive participation in group decision making, negotiation, and social life of consequence.

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was aware of the relevance of civic education to what he termed 'civil merit'. However, in his essay

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scolds fellow tragedian Euripides for writing scenes pernicious to proper ideals of citizenship:

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comprehends the city politics that affect the political decisions of the citizenry of a city.

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Aurelius was also taught by his father how to live as a public figure restrained by modesty:

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Civic education is the study of the theoretical, political, and practical aspects of

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received his civic education for endurance, martial skill, and service to the state:

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During his diatribe, he emphasises the importance of poetry to civic education:

1650:, and chasing the dart' with a view to creating healthy children for the state. 4874: 4682: 4600: 4189: 4155: 4106: 4091: 3863: 3768: 3748: 3738: 3633: 3481: 3393: 3388: 3145: 3066: 3061: 2992: 2420: 2253: 2039: 1983: 1975: 1892: 1485: 1395: 1326: 1231: 1064: 978: 475: 394: 348: 290: 4890: 4728: 4687: 4573: 4553: 4525: 4475: 4440: 4414: 4409: 4402: 4353: 4293: 4133: 4123: 4081: 4004: 3999: 3929: 3888: 3812: 3584: 3540: 3503: 3433: 3408: 3318: 3216: 3162: 3157: 2838: 2816: 2514: 2167: 2099: 2049: 2019: 1954: 1930: 1675: 1559: 1282: 1177: 1079: 1069: 910: 399: 377: 352: 182: 1933:

heavily criticised the emphasis in contemporary civic education on studying

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Greenberg, D. (1992), Education in America – A View from Sudbury Valley,

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Greenberg, D. (1992), Education in America – A View from Sudbury Valley,

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them in mind of their duty, and punish them if they had neglected it.'

1555: 1508: 1484:, meaning "relating to a citizen". In U.S. politics, in the context of 1341: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1273: 1114: 905: 787: 782: 646: 556: 546: 541: 280: 142: 2580: 4753: 4718: 4660: 4635: 4500: 4397: 4385: 4370: 4358: 4286: 4204: 4177: 4061: 3363: 3260: 3189: 3083: 3056: 2652: 2044: 2034: 1987: 1801: 1723: 1718: 1600: 1144: 1038: 1028: 1023: 1008: 1003: 993: 867: 828: 817: 812: 802: 767: 735: 679: 674: 441: 339: 222: 177: 157: 4841: 4802: 4787: 4490: 4375: 4172: 3716: 2269: 1839: 1773: 1700: 1618: 1596: 1463: 1216: 777: 747: 690: 564: 524: 207: 192: 172: 41: 3628: 2961: 2910:

Free at Last – The Sudbury Valley School. Retrieved June 25, 2010.

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Study of the rights and obligations of citizenry and government

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Greenberg, D. (1987), The Sudbury Valley School Experience,

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received his education for citizenship in his adopted city:

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Greenberg, D. (1987) The Sudbury Valley School Experience

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between Spartan education of citizens and horse husbandry:

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responsibility. The "strongest, political rationale" for

1970: 1842:'s son, Parthenopaeus, a youth of peerless beauty; from 3656: 2152:. Washington, D.C.: Taylor & Francis. p. 6. 1891:He also followed the example of his adopted father 1878:tells of how he was educated as a citizen to value 2862:"'Ethics' is a Course Taught By Life Experience." 4888: 2139: 2901:Chapter 35, "With Liberty and Justice for All," 2888:"Democracy Must be Experienced to be Learned." 2187:Frederick Converse Beach, George Edwin Rines, 3672: 2977: 1435: 615: 2921:Oxford Dictionary of Scientific Quotations. 1776:would later speak of the power of the poet 1763:Small children have a teacher helping them, 3679: 3665: 2984: 2970: 2149:Citizenship Education And The Modern State 1442: 1428: 622: 608: 2880: 2181: 1765:for young men there's the poets—we've got 659:List of countries by system of government 4824:History of the American legal profession 2919:Bynum, W.F. and Porter, R. (eds) (2005) 2145: 1913: 1739:with their own brothers, and then claim 1562:wherein he stressed the importance for 14: 4889: 2954:Philosophy of Education: An Anthology. 2875:"Teaching Justice Through Experience." 2542:Apology, Crito, and Phaedo of Socrates 1971:Additional thoughts on civic education 1792:, framer of the Spartan constitution. 1533: 3660: 2965: 2946: 2926: 2913: 2893: 2867: 2854: 1780:to, in the words of the English poet 1753:no one's trained in that these days. 3615: 2224:The History of the Peloponnesian War 2196: 2015:Civic education in the United States 1767:a solemn duty to say useful things. 2991: 1454:In the field of political science, 24: 1745:is crammed with bureaucratic types 1722:, the character of the playwright 25: 4908: 3808:Restitution and unjust enrichment 2661:. Translated by E. P. Coleridge. 2575:, Lines 1260–1300. Translated by 1653: 1617:According to the Roman historian 1538: 490:Biology and political orientation 4855: 4854: 4840: 3638: 3627: 3614: 3603: 3602: 2934:"Back to Basics – Moral basics." 1731:What crimes is he not guilty of? 1551:History of the Peloponnesian War 1411: 591: 4819:History of the legal profession 3557:List of social science journals 2832: 2810: 2795: 2780: 2765: 2750: 2735: 2720: 2705: 2690: 2668: 2646: 2627: 2605: 2586: 2560: 2530: 2508: 2492: 2473: 2449: 2430: 2406: 2387: 2368: 2349: 2330: 2085:Participation (decision making) 2025:Citizenship education (subject) 1858: 1846:he came even to the streams of 1741:that living is no life? So now, 3514:Science and technology studies 2923:Oxford University Press. 21:9. 2311: 2292: 2263: 2239: 2212: 2127: 1737:in holy shrines and having sex 1499:manifest as political rights, 1120:Intergovernmental organisation 1075:Separation of church and state 485:Theories of political behavior 111:Political history of the world 13: 1: 2956:Blackwell Publishing. p. 163. 2663:The Internet Classics Archive 2121: 1707: 1674:However, English philosopher 1599:relates a comparison made by 1543: 500:Critique of political economy 2055:Global citizenship education 1830:Adrastus also describes how 1751:Nobody carries on the torch— 1749:who always cheat our people. 1743:because of him our city here 1735:pimps and women giving birth 1733:Did he not put up on display 1591: 1514:Moreover, in the history of 917:(socio-political ideologies) 81:Outline of political science 7: 2844:The Advancement of Learning 2822:The Advancement of Learning 2115:Civic education in Tanzania 2007: 1960:The Advancement of Learning 1863: 1795: 1658: 1612: 985:(socio-economic ideologies) 655:List of forms of government 10: 4913: 4486:International legal theory 3965:International slavery laws 3960:International human rights 3955:International criminal law 1992:learned through experience 1747:and stupid democratic apes 1460:civil and political rights 86:Index of politics articles 4834: 4811: 4701: 4539:Administration of justice 4524: 4433: 4324: 4203: 4105: 3826: 3694: 3598: 3565: 3549: 3296: 3022: 2999: 1918: 1838:Next behold the huntress 1788:'s 'lessons of state' on 1664:Pericles' Funeral Oration 1106:(geo-cultural ideologies) 4316:Basic structure doctrine 4166:Natural and legal rights 4047:Public international law 2943:Retrieved June 25, 2010. 2890:Retrieved June 25, 2010. 2877:Retrieved June 25, 2010. 2864:Retrieved June 25, 2010. 2065:Index of civics articles 1948: 1681: 4496:Principle of typicality 3970:International trade law 3686: 3202:international relations 2747:. Book I, Section XIII. 2146:Kennedy, Kerry (1997). 1369:Administrative division 1313:International relations 495:Political organisations 258:International relations 96:Politics by subdivision 3529:Quantum social science 2762:. Book I, Section XIV. 2060:History of citizenship 1929:, English philosopher 1911: 1902: 1889: 1856: 1828: 1812:King Adrastus of Argos 1770: 1756: 1672: 1635: 1610: 1589: 1573: 4491:Principle of legality 4250:Delegated legislation 3950:Intellectual property 3566:Other categorizations 3419:International studies 3404:History of technology 3339:Communication studies 3222:public administration 2899:Greenberg, D. (1987) 2732:. Book I, Section XI. 2503:, Book II, Chapter VI 2501:The Peloponnesian War 2226:, Book I, Chapter III 1906: 1897: 1884: 1836: 1820: 1760: 1728: 1668: 1631: 1621:, the semi-legendary 1605: 1585: 1568: 1379:Democratic transition 1242:Self-governing colony 839:Military dictatorship 575:Political campaigning 315:Public administration 148:Collective leadership 4709:Barristers' chambers 4651:Legal representation 4589:Justice of the peace 3935:Financial regulation 3399:Historical sociology 1953:English philosopher 1914:Early Modern England 1458:is the study of the 425:Separation of powers 296:Political psychology 271:Comparative politics 249:political scientists 236:Academic disciplines 116:Political philosophy 4744:Election commission 4456:Expressive function 3985:Landlord–tenant law 3884:Consumer protection 3579:Geisteswissenschaft 3573:Behavioral sciences 3499:Political sociology 3414:Information science 3359:Development studies 2413:Michel de Montaigne 2246:Michel de Montaigne 2207:Oxford Dictionaries 2105:Spatial Citizenship 2080:Legal socialisation 1994:as Aristotle said: 1939:Roman republicanism 1577:Michel de Montaigne 1558:quotes a speech by 1534:Philosophical views 1522:also refers to the 1462:and obligations of 1418:Politics portal 1303:Supranational union 1212:Dependent territory 1125:National government 598:Politics portal 447:Election commission 418:Government branches 301:Political sociology 153:Confessional system 91:Politics by country 4897:Active citizenship 4702:Legal institutions 4569:Lawsuit/Litigation 4559:Dispute resolution 4364:Catholic canon law 4072:State of emergency 4035:Will and testament 3759:Law of obligations 3712:Constitutional law 3702:Administrative law 3634:Society portal 3121:auxiliary sciences 2952:Curren, R. (2007) 2939:2011-05-11 at the 2906:2011-05-11 at the 2417:Book I, Chapter 24 2284:Arthur Hugh Clough 2250:Book I, Chapter 24 2001:democratic schools 1935:Athenian democracy 1623:Lycurgus of Sparta 281:Political analysis 213:Semi-parliamentary 4884: 4883: 4544:Constitutionalism 4466:Law and economics 4304:Act of parliament 4042:Product liability 3995:Legal archaeology 3920:Environmental law 3914:Entertainment law 3754:International law 3654: 3653: 3494:Political economy 3489:Political ecology 3344:Community studies 3334:Cognitive science 3297:Interdisciplinary 3197:Political science 2849:Project Gutenberg 2827:Project Gutenberg 2685:Project Gutenberg 2622:Project Gutenberg 2555:Project Gutenberg 2525:Project Gutenberg 2425:Project Gutenberg 2288:Project Gutenberg 2258:Project Gutenberg 2234:Project Gutenberg 2159:978-1-136-36864-6 2090:Political Science 1688:Socratic dialogue 1474:derives from the 1452: 1451: 1403: 1402: 1374:Democracy indices 1349: 1348: 1152: 1151: 961:Semi-presidential 886: 885: 632: 631: 580:Political parties 520:Electoral systems 244:Political science 218:Semi-presidential 130:Political systems 106:Political history 101:Political economy 16:(Redirected from 4904: 4859: 4858: 4857: 4845: 4844: 4668:Question of fact 4549:Criminal justice 3879:Construction law 3874:Conflict of laws 3839:Agricultural law 3681: 3674: 3667: 3658: 3657: 3642: 3632: 3631: 3618: 3617: 3606: 3605: 3509:Regional science 3354:Cultural studies 3329:Business studies 2986: 2979: 2972: 2963: 2962: 2957: 2950: 2944: 2930: 2924: 2917: 2911: 2897: 2891: 2884: 2878: 2871: 2865: 2858: 2852: 2836: 2830: 2814: 2808: 2799: 2793: 2784: 2778: 2769: 2763: 2754: 2748: 2739: 2733: 2724: 2718: 2709: 2703: 2694: 2688: 2672: 2666: 2650: 2644: 2631: 2625: 2609: 2603: 2590: 2584: 2564: 2558: 2549:. Translated by 2534: 2528: 2512: 2506: 2496: 2490: 2477: 2471: 2465:. "To conclude, 2453: 2447: 2434: 2428: 2410: 2404: 2391: 2385: 2372: 2366: 2353: 2347: 2334: 2328: 2315: 2309: 2296: 2290: 2267: 2261: 2243: 2237: 2228:. Translated by 2216: 2210: 2200: 2194: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2143: 2137: 2131: 2030:Civic engagement 1965:moral relativism 1923:In his treatise 1697:Crito of Alopece 1575:French essayist 1444: 1437: 1430: 1416: 1415: 1363: 1362: 1207:Associated state 1165: 1164: 1140:Internationalism 1130:World government 1107: 986: 918: 899: 898: 873:Free association 860: 821: 740: 683: 671: 670: 634: 633: 624: 617: 610: 596: 595: 386: 331: 286:Political theory 276:Election science 266: 252: 30: 29: 21: 4912: 4911: 4907: 4906: 4905: 4903: 4902: 4901: 4887: 4886: 4885: 4880: 4853: 4839: 4830: 4807: 4798:Political party 4771:Legal education 4759:Law enforcement 4739:Court of equity 4697: 4673:Question of law 4626:Practice of law 4606:Judicial review 4520: 4471:Legal formalism 4451:Comparative law 4446:Contract theory 4429: 4349:Legal pluralism 4320: 4309:Act of Congress 4233:Executive order 4199: 4101: 4020:Nationality law 3945:Immigration law 3869:Competition law 3822: 3690: 3685: 3655: 3650: 3626: 3594: 3561: 3545: 3519:Science studies 3303:Administration 3292: 3018: 2995: 2993:Social sciences 2990: 2960: 2951: 2947: 2941:Wayback Machine 2931: 2927: 2918: 2914: 2908:Wayback Machine 2898: 2894: 2885: 2881: 2872: 2868: 2859: 2855: 2837: 2833: 2815: 2811: 2801:Thomas Hobbes. 2800: 2796: 2786:Thomas Hobbes. 2785: 2781: 2771:Thomas Hobbes. 2770: 2766: 2755: 2751: 2740: 2736: 2725: 2721: 2710: 2706: 2695: 2691: 2675:Marcus Aurelius 2673: 2669: 2651: 2647: 2632: 2628: 2610: 2606: 2591: 2587: 2581:johnstoniatexts 2577:Ian C. Johnston 2565: 2561: 2535: 2531: 2513: 2509: 2497: 2493: 2478: 2474: 2454: 2450: 2435: 2431: 2411: 2407: 2392: 2388: 2373: 2369: 2354: 2350: 2335: 2331: 2316: 2312: 2297: 2293: 2268: 2264: 2244: 2240: 2230:Richard Crawley 2217: 2213: 2201: 2197: 2186: 2182: 2172: 2170: 2160: 2144: 2140: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2119: 2075:Legal awareness 2010: 1976:Sudbury schools 1973: 1951: 1921: 1916: 1876:Marcus Aurelius 1866: 1861: 1798: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1710: 1684: 1661: 1656: 1615: 1594: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1448: 1410: 1405: 1404: 1391:Democratisation 1384:Autocratization 1360: 1352: 1351: 1350: 1307: 1268: 1247:Tributary state 1237:Satellite state 1192: 1162: 1161:Power structure 1154: 1153: 1105: 1104: 1086: 1057: 1043: 1034:Totalitarianism 984: 983: 965: 916: 915: 896: 888: 887: 882: 858: 850: 815: 807: 738: 730: 677: 668: 667:Source of power 645:Basic forms of 639:Politics series 628: 590: 585: 584: 515: 514: 505: 504: 462: 461: 452: 451: 420: 419: 410: 409: 405:Public interest 390:Domestic policy 380: 373: 372: 361: 360: 325: 318: 317: 306: 305: 267: 260: 253: 246: 238: 237: 228: 227: 133: 132: 121: 120: 76: 75: 66: 35:Politics series 28: 23: 22: 18:Civic education 15: 12: 11: 5: 4910: 4900: 4899: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4878: 4871: 4864: 4850: 4847:Law portal 4835: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4828: 4827: 4826: 4815: 4813: 4809: 4808: 4806: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4779: 4778: 4768: 4767: 4766: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4705: 4703: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4683:Trial advocacy 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4664: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4597: 4596: 4591: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4530: 4528: 4522: 4521: 4519: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4437: 4435: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4406: 4405: 4395: 4394: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4367: 4366: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4330: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4318: 4313: 4312: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4291: 4290: 4289: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4263: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4242: 4241: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4220: 4215: 4213:Ballot measure 4209: 4207: 4201: 4200: 4198: 4197: 4192: 4190:Legal treatise 4187: 4186: 4185: 4180: 4170: 4169: 4168: 4158: 4156:Letters patent 4153: 4148: 4147: 4146: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4117: 4111: 4109: 4107:Sources of law 4103: 4102: 4100: 4099: 4094: 4092:Unenforced law 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4038: 4037: 4032: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3864:Commercial law 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3830: 3828: 3824: 3823: 3821: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3804: 3803: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3782: 3781: 3776: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3730: 3729: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3698: 3696: 3692: 3691: 3684: 3683: 3676: 3669: 3661: 3652: 3651: 3649: 3648: 3636: 3624: 3612: 3599: 3596: 3595: 3593: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3575: 3569: 3567: 3563: 3562: 3560: 3559: 3553: 3551: 3547: 3546: 3544: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3532: 3531: 3526: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3485: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3466: 3465: 3464: 3462:social science 3459: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3394:Global studies 3391: 3389:Gender studies 3386: 3381: 3380: 3379: 3374: 3372:social science 3368:Environmental 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3315: 3314: 3309: 3300: 3298: 3294: 3293: 3291: 3290: 3289: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3258: 3257: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3226: 3225: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3194: 3193: 3192: 3182: 3181: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3150: 3149: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3108: 3107: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3081: 3080: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3067:macroeconomics 3064: 3062:microeconomics 3054: 3053: 3052: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3026: 3024: 3020: 3019: 3017: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3000: 2997: 2996: 2989: 2988: 2981: 2974: 2966: 2959: 2958: 2945: 2925: 2912: 2892: 2879: 2866: 2853: 2831: 2809: 2794: 2779: 2764: 2749: 2734: 2719: 2704: 2689: 2667: 2658:The Suppliants 2645: 2636:Parallel Lives 2626: 2604: 2595:Parallel Lives 2585: 2559: 2529: 2507: 2491: 2482:Parallel Lives 2472: 2458:Parallel Lives 2448: 2439:Parallel Lives 2429: 2421:Charles Cotton 2405: 2396:Parallel Lives 2386: 2377:Parallel Lives 2367: 2358:Parallel Lives 2348: 2339:Parallel Lives 2329: 2320:Parallel Lives 2310: 2301:Parallel Lives 2291: 2275:Parallel Lives 2262: 2254:Charles Cotton 2238: 2211: 2195: 2180: 2158: 2138: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2040:Digital civics 2037: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2011: 2009: 2006: 1984:social justice 1972: 1969: 1950: 1947: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1893:Antoninus Pius 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1814:describes how 1807:The Suppliants 1797: 1794: 1761: 1729: 1709: 1706: 1683: 1680: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1654:Ancient Athens 1652: 1614: 1611: 1593: 1590: 1579:commended how 1545: 1542: 1540: 1539:Ancient Sparta 1537: 1535: 1532: 1486:urban planning 1450: 1449: 1447: 1446: 1439: 1432: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1407: 1406: 1401: 1400: 1399: 1398: 1396:Hybrid regimes 1393: 1388: 1387: 1386: 1376: 1371: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1354: 1353: 1347: 1346: 1345: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1327:Regional power 1324: 1316: 1315: 1309: 1308: 1306: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1277: 1276: 1270: 1269: 1267: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1232:Puppet monarch 1229: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1201: 1200: 1194: 1193: 1191: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1172: 1171: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1156: 1155: 1150: 1149: 1148: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1109: 1108: 1103: 1102: 1097: 1091: 1088: 1087: 1085: 1084: 1083: 1082: 1077: 1067: 1065:State religion 1059: 1058: 1056: 1055: 1052: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1042: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 988: 987: 982: 981: 976: 970: 967: 966: 964: 963: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 936:Constitutional 933: 928: 920: 919: 914: 913: 908: 902: 897: 895:Power ideology 894: 893: 890: 889: 884: 883: 881: 880: 875: 870: 862: 861: 859:(rule by none) 852: 851: 849: 848: 843: 842: 841: 831: 823: 822: 809: 808: 806: 805: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 765: 760: 755: 750: 742: 741: 732: 731: 729: 728: 723: 718: 713: 711:Representative 708: 703: 698: 693: 685: 684: 669: 666: 665: 662: 661: 650: 649: 642: 641: 630: 629: 627: 626: 619: 612: 604: 601: 600: 587: 586: 583: 582: 577: 572: 567: 562: 561: 560: 544: 539: 534: 533: 532: 522: 516: 512: 511: 510: 507: 506: 503: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 469: 463: 460:Related topics 459: 458: 457: 454: 453: 450: 449: 444: 439: 434: 428: 427: 421: 417: 416: 415: 412: 411: 408: 407: 402: 397: 395:Foreign policy 392: 387: 374: 368: 367: 366: 363: 362: 359: 358: 357: 356: 342: 337: 332: 319: 313: 312: 311: 308: 307: 304: 303: 298: 293: 291:Policy studies 288: 283: 278: 273: 268: 256: 254: 242: 239: 235: 234: 233: 230: 229: 226: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 140: 134: 128: 127: 126: 123: 122: 119: 118: 113: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 77: 74:Primary topics 73: 72: 71: 68: 67: 65: 64: 59: 54: 48: 45: 44: 38: 37: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4909: 4898: 4895: 4894: 4892: 4877: 4876: 4872: 4870: 4869: 4865: 4863: 4862: 4851: 4849: 4848: 4843: 4837: 4836: 4833: 4825: 4822: 4821: 4820: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4810: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4777: 4774: 4773: 4772: 4769: 4765: 4762: 4761: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4729:Civil society 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4700: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4688:Trier of fact 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4586: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4574:Legal opinion 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4554:Court-martial 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4526:Jurisprudence 4523: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4438: 4436: 4432: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4415:Statutory law 4413: 4411: 4410:Socialist law 4408: 4404: 4403:Byzantine law 4401: 4400: 4399: 4396: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4365: 4362: 4361: 4360: 4357: 4356: 4355: 4354:Religious law 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4326:Legal systems 4323: 4317: 4314: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4296: 4295: 4294:Statutory law 4292: 4288: 4285: 4284: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4247: 4246: 4243: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4225: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4202: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4175: 4174: 4171: 4167: 4164: 4163: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4145: 4142: 4141: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4124:Statutory law 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4104: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4082:Transport law 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4027: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 4000:Legal fiction 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3930:Financial law 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3889:Corporate law 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3831: 3829: 3825: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3813:Statutory law 3811: 3809: 3806: 3802: 3799: 3798: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3771: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3699: 3697: 3695:Core subjects 3693: 3689: 3682: 3677: 3675: 3670: 3668: 3663: 3662: 3659: 3647: 3646: 3641: 3637: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3623: 3622: 3613: 3611: 3610: 3601: 3600: 3597: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3585:Human science 3583: 3581: 3580: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3570: 3568: 3564: 3558: 3555: 3554: 3552: 3548: 3542: 3541:Vegan studies 3539: 3537: 3534: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3521: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3504:Public health 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3439: 3438:Philosophies 3437: 3435: 3434:Media studies 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3409:Human ecology 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3319:Anthrozoology 3317: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3301: 3299: 3295: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3263: 3262: 3259: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3244:developmental 3242: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3231: 3230: 3227: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3217:public policy 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3199: 3198: 3195: 3191: 3188: 3187: 3186: 3183: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3168:legal systems 3166: 3164: 3163:legal history 3161: 3159: 3158:jurisprudence 3156: 3155: 3154: 3151: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3113: 3112: 3109: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3086: 3085: 3082: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3059: 3058: 3055: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3032: 3031: 3028: 3027: 3025: 3021: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3001: 2998: 2994: 2987: 2982: 2980: 2975: 2973: 2968: 2967: 2964: 2955: 2949: 2942: 2938: 2935: 2929: 2922: 2916: 2909: 2905: 2902: 2896: 2889: 2883: 2876: 2870: 2863: 2857: 2850: 2846: 2845: 2840: 2839:Francis Bacon 2835: 2828: 2824: 2823: 2818: 2817:Francis Bacon 2813: 2806: 2805: 2798: 2791: 2790: 2783: 2776: 2775: 2768: 2761: 2760: 2753: 2746: 2745: 2738: 2731: 2730: 2723: 2716: 2715: 2708: 2701: 2700: 2693: 2686: 2682: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2664: 2660: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2642: 2641: 2637: 2630: 2623: 2619: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2601: 2600: 2596: 2589: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2526: 2522: 2521: 2516: 2515:Thomas Hobbes 2511: 2504: 2502: 2495: 2488: 2487: 2483: 2476: 2468: 2464: 2463: 2459: 2452: 2445: 2444: 2440: 2433: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2409: 2402: 2401: 2397: 2390: 2383: 2382: 2378: 2371: 2364: 2363: 2359: 2352: 2345: 2344: 2340: 2333: 2326: 2325: 2321: 2314: 2307: 2306: 2302: 2295: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2208: 2204: 2199: 2192: 2191: 2184: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2155: 2151: 2150: 2142: 2135: 2130: 2126: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2100:Socialisation 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2071: 2070:Law and order 2068: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2050:Global civics 2048: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2020:Acculturation 2018: 2016: 2013: 2012: 2005: 2002: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1978:contend that 1977: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1961: 1956: 1955:Francis Bacon 1946: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1931:Thomas Hobbes 1928: 1927: 1910: 1905: 1901: 1896: 1894: 1888: 1883: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1872: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1835: 1833: 1827: 1825: 1819: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1808: 1803: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1768: 1759: 1754: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1720: 1715: 1705: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1693: 1689: 1679: 1677: 1676:Thomas Hobbes 1671: 1667: 1665: 1651: 1649: 1643: 1639: 1634: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1620: 1609: 1604: 1602: 1598: 1588: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1572: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1560:Archidamus II 1557: 1553: 1552: 1531: 1529: 1528:Corona civica 1525: 1521: 1517: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1493: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1482: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1445: 1440: 1438: 1433: 1431: 1426: 1425: 1423: 1422: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1408: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1385: 1382: 1381: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1366: 1365: 1364: 1356: 1355: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1319: 1318: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1310: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1283:Confederation 1281: 1280: 1279: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1254: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1204: 1203: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1195: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1178:Unitary state 1176: 1175: 1174: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1158: 1157: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1111: 1110: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1090: 1089: 1081: 1080:State atheism 1078: 1076: 1073: 1072: 1071: 1070:Secular state 1068: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1061: 1060: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1047: 1046: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 991: 990: 989: 980: 977: 975: 974:Authoritarian 972: 971: 969: 968: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 951:Parliamentary 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 923: 922: 921: 912: 909: 907: 904: 903: 901: 900: 892: 891: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 865: 864: 863: 857: 854: 853: 847: 844: 840: 837: 836: 835: 832: 830: 827: 826: 825: 824: 819: 814: 811: 810: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 745: 744: 743: 739:(rule by few) 737: 734: 733: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 689: 688: 687: 686: 681: 676: 673: 672: 664: 663: 660: 657: 656: 652: 651: 648: 644: 643: 640: 636: 635: 625: 620: 618: 613: 611: 606: 605: 603: 602: 599: 594: 589: 588: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 558: 554: 550: 549: 548: 545: 543: 540: 538: 535: 531: 528: 527: 526: 523: 521: 518: 517: 509: 508: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 477: 473: 470: 468: 465: 464: 456: 455: 448: 445: 443: 440: 438: 435: 433: 430: 429: 426: 423: 422: 414: 413: 406: 403: 401: 400:Civil society 398: 396: 393: 391: 388: 384: 379: 378:Public policy 376: 375: 371: 365: 364: 354: 350: 346: 345: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 329: 324: 321: 320: 316: 310: 309: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 289: 287: 284: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 264: 259: 255: 250: 245: 241: 240: 232: 231: 224: 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 209: 206: 204: 201: 199: 198:Parliamentary 196: 194: 191: 189: 186: 184: 183:Hybrid regime 181: 179: 176: 174: 171: 169: 166: 164: 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 139: 136: 135: 131: 125: 124: 117: 114: 112: 109: 107: 104: 102: 99: 97: 94: 92: 89: 87: 84: 82: 79: 78: 70: 69: 63: 60: 58: 55: 53: 50: 49: 47: 46: 43: 40: 39: 36: 32: 31: 19: 4873: 4866: 4852: 4838: 4611:Jurisdiction 4579:Legal remedy 4534:Adjudication 4434:Legal theory 4272:Ratification 4267:Promulgation 4238:Proclamation 4218:Codification 4151:Human rights 4139:Divine right 4129:Constitution 4097:Women in law 4015:Military law 4010:Marriage law 4005:Maritime law 3904:Election law 3844:Aviation law 3834:Abortion law 3786:Property law 3722:Criminal law 3643: 3619: 3607: 3577: 3384:Food studies 3324:Area studies 3077:mathematical 3072:econometrics 3030:Anthropology 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Edited by 2274: 2265: 2241: 2223: 2214: 2198: 2189: 2183: 2171:. Retrieved 2148: 2141: 2129: 2095:Public space 1995: 1974: 1958: 1952: 1924: 1922: 1907: 1903: 1898: 1890: 1885: 1869: 1867: 1859:Ancient Rome 1837: 1832:Parthenopeus 1829: 1821: 1805: 1799: 1771: 1762: 1757: 1730: 1717: 1714:Aristophanes 1711: 1699:learns from 1690: 1685: 1673: 1669: 1662: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1616: 1606: 1595: 1586: 1581:Agesilaus II 1574: 1569: 1549: 1547: 1527: 1519: 1516:Ancient Rome 1513: 1501:civil rights 1494: 1489: 1480: 1471: 1455: 1453: 1332:Middle power 1259:Vassal state 1253:Buffer state 1251: 1227:Puppet state 1222:Protectorate 1198:Client state 1188:Principality 1014:Distributism 956:Presidential 834:Dictatorship 758:Gerontocracy 680:rule by many 653: 637:Part of the 328:street-level 203:Presidential 163:Dictatorship 33:Part of the 4783:Legislature 4714:Bureaucracy 4511:Rule of man 4506:Rule of law 4481:Libertarian 4344:Chinese law 4245:Legislation 4195:Regulations 4183:Law reports 4161:Natural law 4057:Reparations 4052:Refugee law 3975:Jurimetrics 3916:(Media law) 3854:Banking law 3849:Amnesty law 3827:Disciplines 3764:Private law 3645:Wikiversity 3536:Social work 3424:Linguistics 3349:Criminology 3266:criminology 3249:personality 3207:comparative 3185:Linguistics 3178:private law 3035:archaeology 2759:Meditations 2744:Meditations 2729:Meditations 2714:Meditations 2699:Meditations 2680:Meditations 2612:John Milton 2280:John Dryden 1880:free speech 1871:Meditations 1782:John Milton 1772:Similarly, 1524:Civic Crown 1518:, the term 1509:civil codes 1497:citizenship 1488:, the term 1470:. The term 1337:Great power 1322:Small power 1264:Viceroyalty 1135:Nationalism 999:Colonialism 979:Libertarian 941:Directorial 818:rule by one 798:Technocracy 793:Stratocracy 773:Meritocracy 763:Kleptocracy 753:Aristocracy 467:Sovereignty 432:Legislature 335:Technocracy 323:Bureaucracy 188:Meritocracy 168:Directorial 4776:Law school 4656:Prosecutor 4594:Magistrate 4381:Jewish law 4339:Common law 4260:Rulemaking 4255:Regulation 4205:Law making 4144:Divine law 4120:Legal code 4067:Sports law 3990:Law of war 3940:Health law 3925:Family law 3909:Energy law 3859:Bankruptcy 3796:Punishment 3791:Public law 3590:Humanities 3524:historical 3457:psychology 3429:Management 3271:demography 3229:Psychology 3212:philosophy 3173:public law 3104:integrated 2756:Aurelius. 2741:Aurelius. 2726:Aurelius. 2711:Aurelius. 2696:Aurelius. 2633:Plutarch. 2592:Plutarch. 2551:Henry Cary 2479:Plutarch. 2455:Plutarch. 2436:Plutarch. 2393:Plutarch. 2374:Plutarch. 2355:Plutarch. 2336:Plutarch. 2317:Plutarch. 2298:Plutarch. 2219:Thucydides 2173:1 December 2122:References 1816:Hippomedon 1708:Aeschyslus 1556:Thucydides 1544:Archidamus 1342:Superpower 1298:Superstate 1293:Federation 1288:Devolution 1274:Federalism 1115:City-state 788:Plutocracy 783:Particracy 647:government 557:Governance 547:Government 542:Federalism 143:City-state 4754:Judiciary 4749:Executive 4724:The bench 4661:Solicitor 4636:Barrister 4516:Sociology 4501:Pseudolaw 4441:Anarchist 4398:Roman law 4386:Parsi law 4371:Hindu law 4359:Canon law 4334:Civil law 4287:Concordat 4178:Precedent 4087:Trust law 4062:Space law 3899:Drugs law 3769:Procedure 3707:Civil law 3468:Planning 3447:economics 3364:Education 3261:Sociology 3239:cognitive 3190:semiotics 3141:political 3099:technical 3084:Geography 3057:Economics 2804:Leviathan 2789:Leviathan 2774:Leviathan 2653:Euripides 2572:The Frogs 2520:Leviathan 2168:820719540 2045:Etiquette 2035:Community 1988:democracy 1926:Leviathan 1887:subjects. 1802:Euripides 1724:Aeschylus 1719:The Frogs 1601:Simonides 1592:Simonides 1526:, to the 1505:civil law 1169:Unitarism 1145:Globalism 1051:Religious 1039:Tribalism 1029:Socialism 1024:Feudalism 1009:Despotism 1004:Communism 994:Anarchism 931:Communist 878:Stateless 868:Anarchism 829:Despotism 813:Autocracy 803:Theocracy 768:Kritarchy 736:Oligarchy 721:Socialist 675:Democracy 537:Unitarism 525:Elections 513:Subseries 442:Judiciary 437:Executive 340:Adhocracy 223:Theocracy 178:Feudalism 158:Democracy 4891:Category 4861:Category 4803:Tribunal 4788:Military 4631:Attorney 4601:Judgment 4461:Feminist 4376:Jain law 4173:Case law 3894:Cyberlaw 3801:Corporal 3779:Criminal 3749:Evidence 3739:Doctrine 3717:Contract 3609:Category 3477:regional 3472:land use 3307:business 3276:internet 3234:abnormal 3136:military 3126:economic 3116:cultural 3089:physical 3050:physical 3040:cultural 2937:Archived 2904:Archived 2640:Lycurgus 2599:Lycurgus 2486:Lycurgus 2467:Lycurgus 2462:Lycurgus 2443:Lycurgus 2400:Lycurgus 2381:Lycurgus 2362:Lycurgus 2343:Lycurgus 2324:Lycurgus 2305:Lycurgus 2270:Plutarch 2008:See also 1990:must be 1864:Aurelius 1840:Atalanta 1804:tragedy 1796:Adrastus 1790:Lycurgus 1774:Plutarch 1701:Socrates 1659:Pericles 1619:Plutarch 1613:Lycurgus 1597:Plutarch 1464:citizens 1217:Dominion 946:Legalist 926:Absolute 911:Republic 906:Monarchy 778:Noocracy 748:Anocracy 701:Economic 691:Demarchy 565:Ideology 383:doctrine 344:Service 208:Republic 193:Monarchy 173:Federacy 62:Category 42:Politics 4875:Outline 4812:History 4719:The bar 4693:Verdict 4641:Counsel 4621:Justice 4476:History 4299:Statute 4115:Charter 4077:Tax law 4025:Probate 3621:Commons 3452:history 3442:science 3377:studies 3111:History 3023:Primary 3009:History 3004:Outline 1868:In his 1848:Inachus 1800:In the 1716:comedy 1712:In the 1686:In the 1548:In the 1481:civicus 1468:society 1359:Related 1054:Secular 1019:Fascism 856:Anarchy 846:Tyranny 706:Liberal 570:Culture 480:Country 138:Anarchy 52:Outline 4793:Police 4764:Agency 4646:Lawyer 4391:Sharia 4282:Treaty 4277:Repeal 4223:Decree 4134:Custom 4030:Estate 3980:Labour 3744:Equity 3312:public 3254:social 3146:social 3045:social 2166: 2156: 2134:Civics 2110:Voting 1980:values 1919:Hobbes 1844:Arcady 1778:Thales 1608:colts. 1564:Sparta 1520:civics 1507:, the 1490:civics 1472:civics 1456:civics 1183:Empire 1095:Global 726:Others 716:Social 696:Direct 530:voting 472:Polity 370:Policy 349:Public 263:theory 4868:Index 4734:Court 4678:Trial 4584:Judge 4425:Yassa 4228:Edict 3774:Civil 3727:Crime 3482:urban 3286:urban 3281:rural 3131:human 3094:human 3014:Index 2547:Crito 2537:Plato 2203:Civic 1949:Bacon 1943:rabid 1852:Argos 1824:Muses 1786:Homer 1692:Crito 1682:Crito 1648:quoit 1478:word 1476:Latin 1466:in a 1100:Local 553:forms 476:State 353:Civil 57:Index 4616:Jury 4564:Fiqh 4420:Xeer 3818:Tort 3734:Deed 3550:List 2175:2018 2164:OCLC 2154:ISBN 1986:and 1937:and 3688:Law 3153:Law 2205:at 4893:: 4122:/ 2841:. 2819:. 2677:. 2655:. 2638:, 2614:. 2597:, 2579:. 2569:. 2553:. 2545:. 2539:. 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