217:
1225:
30:
116:
132:
356:
become vacant at the expiration of three years, and the places of those of the second class at the expiration of six years, from the beginning of their term of service; and afterwards the places of senators shall become vacant at the expiration of six years from the beginning of their term of service.
292:
But until the
Parliament of the Commonwealth otherwise provides, the Parliament of the State of Queensland, if that State be an Original State, may make laws dividing the State into divisions and determining the number of senators to be chosen for each division, and in the absence of such provision
260:
would be elected for a term of four years. This involved reducing the terms of the Senate from six years to four years, and increasing the terms of the House of
Representatives from three years to four years. It also proposed for the fourth time that Senate and House elections occur simultaneously.
366:
For the purposes of this section the term of service of a senator shall be taken to begin on the first day of July following the day of his election, except in the cases of the first election and of the election next after any dissolution of the Senate, when it shall be taken to begin on the first
355:
As soon as may be after the Senate first meets, and after each first meeting of the Senate following a dissolution thereof, the Senate shall divide the senators chosen for each State into two classes, as nearly equal in number as practicable; and the places of the senators of the first class shall
296:
Until the
Parliament otherwise provides there shall be six senators for each Original State. The Parliament may make laws increasing or diminishing the number of senators for each State, but so that equal representation of the several Original States shall be maintained and that no Original State
314:
The
Parliament of the Commonwealth may make laws prescribing the method of choosing senators, but so that the method shall be uniform for all the States. Subject to any such law, the Parliament of each State may make laws prescribing the method of choosing the senators for that
416:
but, in the case of a senator appointed by the
Governor of a State, this section does not extend the term of the appointment after the expiration of 20 fourteen days from the beginning of the next session of the Parliament of the State following the making of the
439:
In relation to a House of
Representatives whose first meeting occurred before the commencement of the Constitution Alteration (Parliamentary Terms) 1988, the last preceding paragraph has effect as if the reference to four years were a reference to three
340:
The writs shall be issued within ten days from the expiry of a House of
Representatives or from the proclamation of a dissolution thereof, but so that the polling day shall be the same day as the polling day for the election of members of the House of
381:
Whenever the number of senators for a State is increased or diminished, the
Parliament of the Commonwealth may make such provision for the vacating of the places of senators for the State as it deems necessary to maintain regularity in the
1597:
1191:
289:
The Senate shall be composed of senators for each State, directly chosen by the people of the State, voting, until the
Parliament otherwise provides, as one electorate.
1147:
1097:
222:
1139:
858:
817:
1529:
1688:
1612:
1213:
1171:
899:
1221:
751:
This was the fourth unsuccessful referendum that sought to require simultaneous elections of the House of
Representatives and the Senate.
1657:
1607:
1547:
270:
A Proposed Law: To alter the Constitution to provide for 4 year maximum terms for members of both Houses of the Commonwealth Parliament.
75:
A Proposed Law: To alter the Constitution to provide for 4 year maximum terms for members of both Houses of the Commonwealth Parliament.
1122:
1572:
1567:
1513:
1587:
1652:
337:
In case of the dissolution of the Senate the writs shall be issued within ten days from the proclamation of such dissolution.
1243:
1693:
1647:
253:
1206:
1175:
1101:
216:
1065:
1036:
451:
The referendum was not approved by a majority of voters, and a majority of the voters was not achieved in any state.
409:(b) a senator chosen or appointed after that commencement in consequence of a vacancy existing at that commencement;
322:
The Parliament of a State may make laws for determining the times and places of elections of senators for the State.
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1396:
1386:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1683:
1401:
1391:
1381:
1351:
1184:
1160:
1199:
1125:, votes cast in the territories count towards the national total, but are not counted toward any state total.
793:
394:(1) The terms of service of senators expire upon the expiry or dissolution of the House of Representatives.
435:
from the first meeting of the House, and no longer, but may be sooner dissolved by the Governor-General.
361:
The election to fill vacant places shall be made within one year before the places are to become vacant.
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1602:
1592:
1582:
1577:
1562:
1557:
1552:
984:
304:
names of the senators chosen for each State shall be certified by the Governor to the Governor-General.
245:
1678:
1539:
1234:
989:
241:
249:
335:
The Governor of any State may cause writs to be issued for elections of senators for the State.
1230:
994:
1018:
999:
8:
768:
399:(2) Subsection (1) applies in relation to the term of service of any senator, including:
799:
1156:
783:
257:
778:
763:
1060:
1031:
1672:
736:
Obtained a majority in no state and an overall minority of 3,217,670 votes.
279:
The proposal was to alter sections of the Constitution to read as follows:
1172:"Research Paper no. 11 2002–03: The Politics of Constitutional Amendment"
773:
404:(a) a senator holding office at the commencement of this section; and
1224:
788:
87:
Not carried, A majority "no" vote nationally and in all six states.
1141:
Select sources on constitutional change in Australia 1901-1997
1098:"Part 5 - Referendums and Plebiscites - Referendum results"
1061:"Result of referendum with respect to parliamentary terms"
302:
senators shall be chosen for a term of six years, and the
1019:
Constitution Alteration (Parliamentary Terms) Bill 1988
1032:"Notification of particulars of writs for referendums"
230:
Note: Saturation of colour denotes strength of vote
428:Every House of Representatives shall continue for
238:Constitution Alteration (Parliamentary Terms) 1988
1670:
1169:
367:day of July preceding the day of his election.
248:on 3 September 1988. It proposed to alter the
22:1988 Australian Parliamentary Terms referendum
1207:
704:
1155:. Commonwealth of Australia. 24 March 1997.
1185:Referendum Dates and Results 1906 – Present
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1070:. No. S324. 27 October 1988. p. 1
78:Do you approve of this proposed alteration?
1214:
1200:
1149:Part 2 - History of Australian Referendums
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1078:– via National Library of Australia.
1049:– via National Library of Australia.
1108:
1041:. No. S212. 25 July 1988. p. 1
474:
471:
468:
423:28. Duration of House of Representatives
275:Do you approve this proposed alteration?
1689:Constitutional referendums in Australia
1182:Australian Electoral Commission (2007)
1095:Handbook of the 44th Parliament (2014)
1082:
1671:
1195:
1053:
755:Simultaneous election results
240:was an unsuccessful proposal put to
650:Australian Capital Territory
13:
1176:Parliamentary Library of Australia
1132:
1102:Parliamentary Library of Australia
374:14. Further provision for rotation
297:shall have less than six senators.
293:the State shall be one electorate.
14:
1705:
1066:Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
1037:Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
388:13. Terms of service of senators.
309:9. Method of election of senators
1223:
883:
880:
842:
839:
215:
130:
114:
28:
1024:
1012:
939:(39) 1988 Parliamentary Terms
1:
1005:
746:
807:
804:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
717:
695:
689:
667:
661:
635:
609:
583:
557:
531:
505:
488:
485:
482:
479:
458:
7:
978:
859:1977 Simultaneous Elections
818:1974 Simultaneous Elections
676:
648:
622:
596:
570:
544:
518:
492:
264:
10:
1710:
1694:Proposed laws of Australia
985:1988 Australian referendum
246:1988 Australian referendum
223:federal electoral division
50:3 September 1988
1538:
1523:Constitutional Convention
1522:
1242:
734:
678:Northern Territory
465:
462:
459:
446:
229:
214:
205:
190:Registered voters/turnout
108:
105:
96:
91:
83:
73:
42:
26:
990:Referendums in Australia
348:13. Rotation of senators
254:House of Representatives
1170:Bennett, Scott (2003).
706:Total for Commonwealth
250:Australian constitution
161:Invalid or blank votes
16:Unsuccessful referendum
1684:1988 in Australian law
900:1984 Terms of Senators
444:
995:Politics of Australia
281:
1000:History of Australia
756:
456:
23:
754:
598:Western Australia
454:
330:12. Issue of writs
21:
1666:
1665:
1244:Federal elections
976:
975:
808:Voters in favour
805:States in favour
744:
743:
318:Times and places
252:so that both the
234:
233:
201:
200:
64:
63:
1701:
1679:1988 referendums
1228:
1227:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1193:
1192:
1179:
1166:
1154:
1145:
1126:
1119:
1106:
1105:
1093:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1028:
1022:
1016:
757:
753:
572:South Australia
494:New South Wales
457:
453:
341:Representatives.
219:
210:
209:
191:
134:
133:
118:
117:
98:
97:
69:
68:
57:
55:
44:
43:
38:
37:
33:
32:
31:
24:
20:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1534:
1518:
1238:
1222:
1220:
1163:
1152:
1146:
1138:
1135:
1133:Further reading
1130:
1129:
1123:1977 referendum
1120:
1109:
1096:
1094:
1083:
1073:
1071:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1044:
1042:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1013:
1008:
981:
749:
466:Ballots issued
463:Electoral roll
449:
267:
225:
208:
207:
206:
189:
131:
115:
103:
79:
77:
76:
67:
66:
65:
53:
51:
36:
35:
34:
29:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1707:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1248:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1219:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1188:AEC, Canberra.
1180:
1167:
1161:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1121:Following the
1107:
1081:
1052:
1023:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
980:
977:
974:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
936:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
895:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
854:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
813:
812:
809:
806:
803:
797:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
748:
745:
742:
741:
733:
729:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
703:
702:
699:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
675:
674:
671:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
647:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
621:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
595:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
569:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
543:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
517:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
491:
490:
487:
484:
481:
477:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
455:Result
448:
445:
443:
442:
436:
420:
419:
413:
412:
411:
406:
396:
385:
384:
370:
369:
363:
358:
344:
343:
327:
326:
325:
324:
316:
306:
305:
298:
294:
290:
266:
263:
232:
231:
227:
226:
220:
212:
211:
203:
202:
199:
198:
195:
192:
186:
185:
180:
175:
169:
168:
165:
162:
158:
157:
154:
151:
147:
146:
141:
136:
127:
126:
123:
120:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
94:
93:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
74:
71:
70:
62:
61:
59:
47:
40:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1706:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1151:
1150:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1124:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1069:
1067:
1062:
1056:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1027:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
982:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
937:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
901:
897:
896:
892:
889:
886:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
860:
856:
855:
851:
848:
845:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
819:
815:
814:
810:
801:
798:
795:
792:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
759:
758:
752:
740:
737:
731:
730:
726:
723:
720:
714:
711:
708:
705:
700:
698:
692:
686:
683:
680:
677:
672:
670:
664:
658:
655:
652:
649:
644:
641:
638:
632:
629:
626:
623:
618:
615:
612:
606:
603:
600:
597:
592:
589:
586:
580:
577:
574:
571:
566:
563:
560:
554:
551:
548:
545:
540:
537:
534:
528:
525:
522:
519:
514:
511:
508:
502:
499:
496:
493:
478:
452:
441:
437:
434:
431:
427:
426:
425:
424:
418:
414:
410:
407:
405:
402:
401:
400:
397:
395:
392:
391:
390:
389:
383:
379:
378:
377:
376:
375:
368:
364:
362:
359:
357:
353:
352:
351:
350:
349:
342:
338:
334:
333:
332:
331:
323:
320:
319:
317:
313:
312:
311:
310:
303:
299:
295:
291:
288:
287:
286:
285:
284:7. The Senate
280:
277:
276:
272:
271:
262:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
228:
224:
218:
213:
204:
196:
193:
188:
187:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
170:
166:
163:
160:
159:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
140:
137:
129:
128:
124:
121:
113:
112:
100:
99:
95:
90:
86:
82:
72:
60:
58:
48:
46:
45:
41:
25:
19:
1514:by-elections
1507:
1237:in Australia
1183:
1174:. Canberra:
1148:
1140:
1072:. Retrieved
1064:
1055:
1043:. Retrieved
1035:
1026:
1014:
972:Not carried
934:Not carried
893:Not carried
852:Not carried
750:
738:
735:
696:
668:
450:
438:
432:
429:
422:
421:
417:appointment.
415:
408:
403:
398:
393:
387:
386:
380:
373:
372:
371:
365:
360:
354:
347:
346:
345:
339:
336:
329:
328:
321:
308:
307:
301:
283:
282:
278:
274:
273:
269:
268:
237:
235:
182:
177:
172:
150:Valid votes
143:
138:
49:
18:
1540:Referendums
1235:referendums
1074:15 November
1045:15 November
739:Not carried
709:10,362,959
546:Queensland
430:three years
221:Results by
194:10,362,959
173:Total votes
1673:Categories
1162:0644484101
1006:References
747:Discussion
721:6,316,940
715:3,099,270
712:9,537,725
561:1,000,124
552:1,552,293
549:1,693,247
535:1,561,759
526:2,491,183
523:2,697,096
509:2,228,503
503:1,032,621
500:3,297,246
497:3,564,856
433:four years
242:referendum
153:9,416,210
122:3,099,270
54:1988-09-03
1231:elections
760:Question
624:Tasmania
520:Victoria
475:Informal
382:rotation.
178:9,537,725
139:6,316,940
1229:Federal
979:See also
802:
796:
732:Results
727:121,515
656:149,128
653:166,131
639:208,297
630:282,785
627:302,324
613:577,555
607:255,556
604:845,209
601:926,636
587:629,454
581:229,938
578:873,511
575:937,974
555:542,414
529:886,128
472:Against
265:Question
256:and the
164:121,515
1068:Special
1039:Special
811:Result
693:34,222
687:21,092
684:56,370
681:74,695
665:83,328
659:64,458
633:70,698
619:12,098
593:14,119
541:43,296
515:36,122
244:in the
197:92.04%
183:100.00%
156:98.73%
125:32.91%
92:Results
84:Outcome
52: (
1159:
969:32.9%
963:38.1%
960:43.6%
957:25.3%
954:30.7%
951:26.8%
948:35.2%
945:36.2%
942:31.7%
931:50.6%
925:51.9%
922:56.7%
919:39.3%
916:46.5%
913:50.0%
910:45.7%
907:53.2%
904:52.9%
890:62.2%
878:34.3%
875:48.5%
872:66.0%
869:47.5%
866:65.0%
863:70.7%
849:48.3%
837:41.4%
834:44.1%
831:47.1%
828:44.3%
825:49.2%
822:51.1%
724:67.09
718:32.91
701:1,056
690:38.13
673:1,342
662:43.62
645:3,790
642:74.66
636:25.34
616:69.33
610:30.67
590:73.24
584:26.76
567:9,755
564:64.84
558:35.15
538:63.80
532:36.20
512:68.34
506:31.66
460:State
447:Result
440:years.
315:State.
258:Senate
167:1.27%
144:67.09%
106:Votes
102:Choice
1153:(PDF)
1021:(Cth)
898:(37)
857:(33)
816:(29)
697:61.87
669:56.38
486:Vote
480:Vote
1658:2023
1653:2017
1648:1999
1643:1988
1638:1984
1633:1977
1628:1974
1623:1973
1618:1967
1613:1951
1608:1948
1603:1946
1598:1944
1593:1937
1588:1928
1583:1926
1578:1919
1573:1917
1568:1916
1563:1913
1558:1911
1553:1910
1548:1906
1530:1997
1508:Next
1502:2022
1497:2019
1492:2016
1487:2013
1482:2010
1477:2007
1472:2004
1467:2001
1462:1998
1457:1996
1452:1993
1447:1990
1442:1987
1437:1984
1432:1983
1427:1980
1422:1977
1417:1975
1412:1974
1407:1972
1402:1970
1397:1969
1392:1967
1387:1966
1382:1964
1377:1963
1372:1961
1367:1958
1362:1955
1357:1954
1352:1953
1347:1951
1342:1949
1337:1946
1332:1943
1327:1940
1322:1937
1317:1934
1312:1931
1307:1929
1302:1928
1297:1925
1292:1922
1287:1919
1282:1917
1277:1914
1272:1913
1267:1910
1262:1906
1257:1903
1252:1901
1233:and
1157:ISBN
1076:2019
1047:2019
966:0:6
928:2:4
887:3:3
846:1:5
469:For
300:The
236:The
119:Yes
794:ACT
789:Tas
774:Qld
769:Vic
764:NSW
135:No
1675::
1110:^
1100:.
1084:^
1063:.
1034:.
884:—
881:—
843:—
840:—
800:NT
784:WA
779:SA
489:%
483:%
109:%
1215:e
1208:t
1201:v
1178:.
1165:.
1144:.
1104:.
56:)
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